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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:02,000 --> 00:00:07,000 Downloaded from YTS.MX 2 00:00:08,000 --> 00:00:13,000 Official YIFY movies site: YTS.MX 3 00:00:08,133 --> 00:00:10,135 [mysterious music playing] 4 00:00:11,886 --> 00:00:16,683 [David Attenborough] This forest is home to the biggest and heaviest 5 00:00:16,766 --> 00:00:19,185 of all tree-living animals. 6 00:00:19,978 --> 00:00:21,980 [branches rustling] 7 00:00:30,947 --> 00:00:34,034 -[whimsical music playing] -[David] During their long lives, 8 00:00:34,117 --> 00:00:37,078 they may never even put a foot on the ground. 9 00:00:45,879 --> 00:00:49,007 That is why so little was known about them 10 00:00:49,090 --> 00:00:51,801 until just a few decades ago. 11 00:00:57,474 --> 00:01:00,810 Yet they are one of our closest relatives, 12 00:01:00,894 --> 00:01:05,356 sharing nearly 30 physical characteristics with us. 13 00:01:07,275 --> 00:01:12,822 Even their name, orang hutan, means "person of the forest." 14 00:01:15,450 --> 00:01:18,495 Despite their great size and strength, 15 00:01:18,995 --> 00:01:24,542 these are gentle, thoughtful, problem-solving creatures… 16 00:01:27,003 --> 00:01:31,508 and perhaps more relatable to us than any other great ape. 17 00:01:31,591 --> 00:01:34,469 [bird chirping] 18 00:01:34,552 --> 00:01:39,891 Looking at an orangutan, it's hard not to see something of ourselves. 19 00:01:40,517 --> 00:01:43,770 And while we may never know exactly what they're thinking, 20 00:01:43,853 --> 00:01:46,147 think, they surely do. 21 00:01:46,689 --> 00:01:48,817 [whimsical music continues] 22 00:02:16,344 --> 00:02:17,470 [music fades] 23 00:02:19,264 --> 00:02:20,932 [contemplative music playing] 24 00:02:21,015 --> 00:02:26,354 Orangutans once lived right across the Indonesian island of Sumatra. 25 00:02:27,021 --> 00:02:29,774 But much of their forest has now been felled. 26 00:02:31,109 --> 00:02:36,573 And today, the few thousand that remain are restricted to the far north. 27 00:02:37,824 --> 00:02:40,910 Here, one place stands out. 28 00:02:41,536 --> 00:02:42,662 Suaq. 29 00:02:43,246 --> 00:02:45,707 A small stretch of swamp forest… 30 00:02:48,042 --> 00:02:51,838 bordered to the west by the Limbang River, 31 00:02:51,921 --> 00:02:55,133 which acts as a barrier to human development. 32 00:02:55,216 --> 00:02:57,427 [majestic music playing] 33 00:02:58,219 --> 00:03:02,849 Suaq's forest has remained unchanged for thousands of years. 34 00:03:06,644 --> 00:03:09,230 It's prime orangutan habitat… 35 00:03:11,816 --> 00:03:15,445 and now has the highest density of these red-haired apes 36 00:03:15,528 --> 00:03:17,530 as anywhere on the planet. 37 00:03:18,031 --> 00:03:20,200 [whimsical music playing] 38 00:03:21,117 --> 00:03:25,955 It's a neighborhood of over 200 identifiable individuals. 39 00:03:34,964 --> 00:03:37,842 And for the last 30 years, 40 00:03:37,926 --> 00:03:42,639 they have been watched by scientists of the Orangutan Research Project. 41 00:03:45,767 --> 00:03:49,562 But whether the observers are field scientists or filmmakers, 42 00:03:50,855 --> 00:03:55,235 just glimpsing an orangutan in the treetops of the swamp below 43 00:03:55,318 --> 00:03:56,903 is not enough. 44 00:03:59,280 --> 00:04:03,660 You need to see them close up, high in the canopy. 45 00:04:05,620 --> 00:04:06,788 [branches cracking] 46 00:04:09,123 --> 00:04:13,836 And new filming techniques, such as small drones, 47 00:04:13,920 --> 00:04:16,547 are now enabling us to do exactly that, 48 00:04:17,548 --> 00:04:22,512 revealing more details of their private lives than ever before. 49 00:04:25,223 --> 00:04:27,684 Orangs are normally solitary, 50 00:04:27,767 --> 00:04:30,812 but those living here are remarkably social. 51 00:04:31,312 --> 00:04:33,898 [whimsical music continues] 52 00:04:33,982 --> 00:04:36,234 They watch and learn from one another, 53 00:04:36,317 --> 00:04:40,196 and by doing so have created a unique culture. 54 00:04:43,408 --> 00:04:47,704 The use of tools is rare among orangutans elsewhere, 55 00:04:47,787 --> 00:04:49,580 but not here, 56 00:04:50,290 --> 00:04:54,836 and such skills are passed down to each new generation. 57 00:04:54,919 --> 00:04:57,380 [music fades out] 58 00:04:59,924 --> 00:05:06,014 At the center of this long-running study are three closely related females. 59 00:05:06,764 --> 00:05:09,726 The most senior is Friska, 60 00:05:09,809 --> 00:05:13,688 skilled at sucking termites out of sticks. 61 00:05:13,771 --> 00:05:16,107 [gentle music playing] 62 00:05:16,190 --> 00:05:21,988 She's over 60 years of age and one of the world's oldest wild orangs. 63 00:05:23,656 --> 00:05:28,661 Next, Friska's daughter Ellie, always eating. 64 00:05:30,913 --> 00:05:33,958 And lastly, Ellie's child, Eden, 65 00:05:35,168 --> 00:05:39,255 who is approaching the biggest milestone in an orang's life. 66 00:05:41,507 --> 00:05:45,011 She's recognizable by the spike in her hair, 67 00:05:45,887 --> 00:05:48,556 a feature she's had since she was a baby. 68 00:05:55,146 --> 00:05:58,358 This is Eden, aged two, 69 00:05:59,650 --> 00:06:01,527 with Mum Ellie. 70 00:06:03,654 --> 00:06:06,783 The bond between mother orangutan and child 71 00:06:06,866 --> 00:06:10,495 is one of the longest and strongest in the natural world, 72 00:06:10,578 --> 00:06:13,081 second only to humans. 73 00:06:16,292 --> 00:06:21,047 A young orangutan will spend thousands of hours watching its mother. 74 00:06:31,349 --> 00:06:35,311 That is how they learn which of the jungle's many species of plant 75 00:06:35,395 --> 00:06:36,896 are safe to eat… 76 00:06:39,273 --> 00:06:43,069 and, just as important, how to eat them. 77 00:06:46,864 --> 00:06:50,159 It's an education that can take a decade. 78 00:06:56,999 --> 00:07:00,211 But all that was six years ago. 79 00:07:02,213 --> 00:07:06,217 Eden is now eight and knows quite a lot about the jungle. 80 00:07:13,391 --> 00:07:17,770 She's learned which plants in this sea of green are good to eat. 81 00:07:23,526 --> 00:07:27,822 What hasn't yet changed is her relationship with her mother. 82 00:07:27,905 --> 00:07:29,866 [animal calling] 83 00:07:31,367 --> 00:07:33,995 Ellie is never far away, 84 00:07:35,329 --> 00:07:40,376 and watching her is still Eden's quickest way of finding food. 85 00:07:43,379 --> 00:07:45,256 Such as these termites. 86 00:07:53,473 --> 00:07:57,560 For Eden, sharing with her mother is a way of life. 87 00:08:00,271 --> 00:08:01,981 Until now. 88 00:08:04,275 --> 00:08:06,986 That slap is not a good sign. 89 00:08:11,157 --> 00:08:13,326 Something has changed. 90 00:08:14,535 --> 00:08:17,205 [intriguing music playing] 91 00:08:17,288 --> 00:08:19,957 There has been a new arrival. 92 00:08:27,590 --> 00:08:30,384 It's about half the size of a human baby 93 00:08:30,468 --> 00:08:35,014 and probably the first newborn that Eden has ever seen. 94 00:08:42,688 --> 00:08:44,482 [chitters] 95 00:08:46,234 --> 00:08:48,277 All rather bewildering. 96 00:08:49,237 --> 00:08:52,907 Though the newcomer is surely worth a closer look. 97 00:09:10,841 --> 00:09:14,053 But her mother doesn't want her too close. 98 00:09:14,929 --> 00:09:16,931 [whimsical music playing] 99 00:09:24,146 --> 00:09:29,151 For eight years, mother and firstborn have done everything together. 100 00:09:29,235 --> 00:09:31,779 [contemplative music playing] 101 00:09:31,862 --> 00:09:35,616 Now, two have become three, 102 00:09:35,700 --> 00:09:38,661 and it all seems different. 103 00:09:43,916 --> 00:09:47,461 Nevertheless, it's still best to follow Mum. 104 00:09:48,004 --> 00:09:50,923 [whimsical music playing] 105 00:09:57,680 --> 00:10:02,727 Even at the age of eight, Eden has always kept her mother in sight. 106 00:10:10,568 --> 00:10:13,863 That is not easy in the dense jungle… 107 00:10:15,948 --> 00:10:18,200 but getting lost would be dangerous. 108 00:10:24,332 --> 00:10:28,586 And wherever Ellie is, food is not far away. 109 00:10:34,342 --> 00:10:37,011 To power their big brains and bodies, 110 00:10:37,094 --> 00:10:40,431 orangutans spend much of their day eating. 111 00:10:45,603 --> 00:10:50,566 These melaka fruit are just one of over 300 kinds of food 112 00:10:50,650 --> 00:10:52,735 that Ellie and Eden will eat. 113 00:10:57,073 --> 00:11:00,368 Collecting some food requires special techniques. 114 00:11:03,412 --> 00:11:05,081 [munching] 115 00:11:12,963 --> 00:11:17,051 For Eden, copying Mum has always been the best policy. 116 00:11:21,889 --> 00:11:24,892 But when a snack can bite back… 117 00:11:24,975 --> 00:11:27,103 [mandibles clanging] 118 00:11:27,186 --> 00:11:30,106 …you've got to get the technique just right. 119 00:11:36,445 --> 00:11:39,407 Eden will quickly learn that using your fingertips 120 00:11:39,490 --> 00:11:42,159 is not the best way to pick up ants. 121 00:11:42,243 --> 00:11:43,285 [shrieks] 122 00:11:46,539 --> 00:11:47,790 [shrieks] 123 00:11:49,583 --> 00:11:53,462 As ever, nothing comes between Ellie and her food, 124 00:11:53,546 --> 00:11:56,424 and that includes baby's arm. 125 00:11:56,507 --> 00:11:58,050 [baby squeals] 126 00:12:07,768 --> 00:12:09,729 With a new baby to support, 127 00:12:09,812 --> 00:12:14,150 Ellie must eat around 3,000 calories a day. 128 00:12:17,027 --> 00:12:20,364 Leaves are an important part of their diet. 129 00:12:22,032 --> 00:12:25,119 But even the right kind need some processing. 130 00:12:26,912 --> 00:12:30,624 Which means spitting out the bitter-tasting tannins. 131 00:12:30,708 --> 00:12:32,918 [whimsical music continues] 132 00:12:42,636 --> 00:12:44,847 [gentle music playing] 133 00:12:44,930 --> 00:12:49,268 Newborn orangutans spend a lot of time sleeping, 134 00:12:49,351 --> 00:12:51,645 just as human babies do. 135 00:12:52,521 --> 00:12:55,316 The only difference is that they must do so 136 00:12:55,399 --> 00:12:57,610 while keeping a tight grip on Mother. 137 00:13:08,162 --> 00:13:13,125 After a few hours spent feeding, orangutans like to take a nap. 138 00:13:16,712 --> 00:13:21,550 But now, the new baby seems to have taken Eden's place in the nest. 139 00:13:32,853 --> 00:13:36,232 It's hard when your mother doesn't seem to be as interested 140 00:13:36,315 --> 00:13:38,859 in you as she once was. 141 00:13:47,993 --> 00:13:52,164 Soon Eden will have to find a new home in this forest 142 00:13:52,248 --> 00:13:54,041 and fend for herself. 143 00:13:56,627 --> 00:13:59,421 [animals chittering] 144 00:14:04,927 --> 00:14:08,180 [contemplative music playing] 145 00:14:08,264 --> 00:14:09,974 Elsewhere in the neighborhood, 146 00:14:10,057 --> 00:14:15,145 Eden's cousin Pepito is facing his own moment of truth. 147 00:14:21,360 --> 00:14:25,698 His mother, Piniata, is ready to have another baby. 148 00:14:27,908 --> 00:14:29,743 A year older than Eden, 149 00:14:29,827 --> 00:14:32,037 this is as good a sign as any 150 00:14:32,121 --> 00:14:35,583 that it's time for Pepito to go off by himself. 151 00:14:37,001 --> 00:14:39,003 [expectant music playing] 152 00:14:46,343 --> 00:14:51,891 Going solo is the most dangerous time in a young orang's life. 153 00:14:53,517 --> 00:14:57,855 To succeed, you need know-how, confidence, 154 00:14:59,231 --> 00:15:00,524 and vigilance. 155 00:15:02,318 --> 00:15:04,570 [suspenseful music playing] 156 00:15:07,573 --> 00:15:09,783 [intriguing music playing] 157 00:15:13,704 --> 00:15:16,290 And what better way to show confidence… 158 00:15:18,292 --> 00:15:21,253 than quelling the demons in the swamp below? 159 00:15:28,594 --> 00:15:30,763 [adventurous music playing] 160 00:15:31,722 --> 00:15:34,642 Even if it's only a harmless turtle. 161 00:15:36,894 --> 00:15:39,313 [music intensifies] 162 00:15:41,273 --> 00:15:43,859 [tense music playing] 163 00:15:47,821 --> 00:15:50,407 [adventurous music playing] 164 00:15:58,290 --> 00:16:02,252 This might appear to be a somewhat over-the-top reaction, 165 00:16:03,712 --> 00:16:05,631 but in orang society, 166 00:16:07,257 --> 00:16:10,594 boys are known to be more boisterous than girls. 167 00:16:13,931 --> 00:16:17,726 And that isn't the only difference between the genders. 168 00:16:17,810 --> 00:16:19,687 [music fades] 169 00:16:22,022 --> 00:16:24,108 To fulfill their potential, 170 00:16:24,191 --> 00:16:27,111 newly independent young males like Pepito 171 00:16:27,194 --> 00:16:31,824 must find an adult male as a role model from whom to learn. 172 00:16:31,907 --> 00:16:34,868 [contemplative music playing] 173 00:16:35,911 --> 00:16:39,498 In the meantime, there's an opportunity to watch the use 174 00:16:39,581 --> 00:16:42,001 of an important Suaq skill. 175 00:16:49,091 --> 00:16:51,969 The fruiting of cemanang trees 176 00:16:52,886 --> 00:16:56,765 is much anticipated by adult orangutans. 177 00:17:00,728 --> 00:17:03,522 The pods contain very nutritious seeds. 178 00:17:06,775 --> 00:17:09,153 But you have to know how to get at them. 179 00:17:12,031 --> 00:17:15,784 Until they ripen, the pods are almost impossible to open. 180 00:17:21,457 --> 00:17:24,209 Inside each are dozens of seeds, 181 00:17:24,293 --> 00:17:27,921 protected by thousands of glass-like hairs. 182 00:17:30,549 --> 00:17:35,012 Once open, the only safe way to reach the calorie-rich seeds 183 00:17:35,095 --> 00:17:36,638 is by using a tool. 184 00:17:39,975 --> 00:17:42,686 And with decades of experience, 185 00:17:42,770 --> 00:17:45,981 60-year-old Friska is an expert. 186 00:17:47,983 --> 00:17:50,194 [upbeat music playing] 187 00:17:53,697 --> 00:17:55,365 With the right size stick, 188 00:17:55,449 --> 00:18:00,329 she can pop out the seeds without touching the irritating hairs. 189 00:18:10,297 --> 00:18:14,885 Suaq's orangs are virtually the only ones able to do this, 190 00:18:14,968 --> 00:18:18,263 though perfecting the skill can take years. 191 00:18:25,813 --> 00:18:30,901 Females have usually learned it by the time they're about 14 years old. 192 00:18:33,153 --> 00:18:36,240 Most males take a little longer than that. 193 00:18:43,038 --> 00:18:47,543 Youngsters like Pepito and Eden have to watch the adults carefully 194 00:18:47,626 --> 00:18:52,256 if they're ever to master the technique and enjoy this high-protein food. 195 00:18:55,425 --> 00:19:00,097 And remarkably, even after they've been chewed by the orangs, 196 00:19:00,180 --> 00:19:03,934 the seeds are still able to germinate. 197 00:19:09,148 --> 00:19:12,276 -[animals chittering] -[music fades out] 198 00:19:16,071 --> 00:19:19,449 Old Friska is on a trip through the neighborhood. 199 00:19:19,533 --> 00:19:22,202 [whimsical music playing] 200 00:19:24,246 --> 00:19:26,915 She's come to visit her daughter Ellie. 201 00:19:28,458 --> 00:19:32,129 Perhaps she's aware of the new addition to her family. 202 00:19:39,344 --> 00:19:44,391 Friska is not just mother of six, she's also a great-grandmother. 203 00:19:45,350 --> 00:19:48,896 And this new baby is her fifth grandchild, 204 00:19:49,897 --> 00:19:53,358 making her the neighborhood's most successful female. 205 00:19:58,363 --> 00:20:02,659 But the relationship between grandchild number five and number four, 206 00:20:02,743 --> 00:20:05,787 spiky-haired Eden, remains frosty. 207 00:20:19,718 --> 00:20:23,430 Mothering styles among orangutans vary. 208 00:20:26,016 --> 00:20:28,352 Friska is known to be strict. 209 00:20:30,604 --> 00:20:34,107 The researchers noticed that compared to other mothers, 210 00:20:34,191 --> 00:20:36,902 she let her infants cry more often 211 00:20:36,985 --> 00:20:40,113 and gave in to their demands less frequently. 212 00:20:42,574 --> 00:20:46,870 A tough-love approach that has been inherited by Ellie, 213 00:20:46,954 --> 00:20:50,958 who is now applying it to her oldest child, Eden. 214 00:20:51,041 --> 00:20:52,626 [gentle music playing] 215 00:20:52,709 --> 00:20:56,421 Her mother's attention is now focused on the new baby, 216 00:20:56,505 --> 00:20:59,925 who seems to have won over even grumpy Granny. 217 00:21:05,973 --> 00:21:07,766 Like cousin Pepito, 218 00:21:09,101 --> 00:21:13,522 the moment has come for Eden to spend time away from Mum. 219 00:21:16,066 --> 00:21:18,610 It will be a whole new experience, 220 00:21:18,694 --> 00:21:20,320 being on her own. 221 00:21:25,367 --> 00:21:27,327 And without her mother, 222 00:21:27,411 --> 00:21:31,665 she will have to deal with many unfamiliar orangutans. 223 00:21:33,583 --> 00:21:35,585 [music fades] 224 00:21:39,339 --> 00:21:44,344 One of these will be very interested in the more independent Eden. 225 00:21:44,428 --> 00:21:46,847 [intriguing music playing] 226 00:21:49,683 --> 00:21:52,227 Twenty-eight-year-old Sulli, 227 00:21:52,311 --> 00:21:55,397 always on the lookout for new relationships. 228 00:21:57,774 --> 00:22:02,112 So any movement in the trees catches his eye. 229 00:22:08,076 --> 00:22:12,956 Despite his age, Sulli hasn't yet developed into a fully mature male 230 00:22:13,040 --> 00:22:16,877 with the pads on his cheeks that are known as flanges. 231 00:22:19,838 --> 00:22:24,343 And even for an unflanged male, he's still rather small. 232 00:22:31,975 --> 00:22:37,522 But what he lacks in stature, he makes up for in determination. 233 00:22:41,902 --> 00:22:46,740 And Sulli the unflanged has just spotted a familiar face. 234 00:22:47,240 --> 00:22:49,326 [intriguing music continues] 235 00:22:49,409 --> 00:22:51,745 Twenty-one-year-old Lily. 236 00:22:56,625 --> 00:22:58,585 As a subordinate male, 237 00:22:58,668 --> 00:23:02,756 Sulli must take the initiative when it comes to befriending females. 238 00:23:22,859 --> 00:23:24,820 She doesn't seem interested, 239 00:23:25,320 --> 00:23:29,616 but when you're an unflanged male, you have to persevere. 240 00:23:34,913 --> 00:23:36,748 [music fades] 241 00:23:36,832 --> 00:23:39,835 [tense music playing] 242 00:23:41,420 --> 00:23:43,422 With his focus on Lily, 243 00:23:43,505 --> 00:23:50,011 Sulli hasn't realized that he's being watched by Split Lip Otto, 244 00:23:50,095 --> 00:23:53,723 Suaq's old but still dominant flanged male. 245 00:23:57,811 --> 00:24:00,480 He won't tolerate a subordinate like Sulli 246 00:24:00,564 --> 00:24:03,608 getting friendly with females on his patch. 247 00:24:03,692 --> 00:24:07,612 [music intensifies] 248 00:24:10,198 --> 00:24:11,992 [music becomes quiet] 249 00:24:13,743 --> 00:24:16,746 Otto must remind him who's boss. 250 00:24:27,090 --> 00:24:30,051 Sulli had better make himself scarce. 251 00:24:31,928 --> 00:24:33,555 [music intensifies] 252 00:24:40,187 --> 00:24:43,523 One advantage of being an unflanged male 253 00:24:43,607 --> 00:24:47,486 is that you can move much faster than heavyweights like Otto. 254 00:24:57,412 --> 00:25:01,082 So staying one step ahead isn't hard. 255 00:25:06,213 --> 00:25:09,925 For Otto, it's not easy putting the frighteners on someone 256 00:25:10,008 --> 00:25:11,843 if you can't get close. 257 00:25:16,598 --> 00:25:18,558 But shaking branches 258 00:25:18,642 --> 00:25:22,479 is a flanged male's way of saying, "Get lost." 259 00:25:24,856 --> 00:25:25,857 Job done. 260 00:25:27,317 --> 00:25:28,568 At least for now. 261 00:25:33,907 --> 00:25:35,825 [tense music becomes quiet] 262 00:25:36,660 --> 00:25:40,288 [warbling call echoes] 263 00:25:41,498 --> 00:25:45,460 [warbling continues] 264 00:25:47,504 --> 00:25:48,964 [warbling continues] 265 00:25:49,047 --> 00:25:51,883 This sound is a long call… 266 00:25:51,967 --> 00:25:53,468 [calling] 267 00:25:53,552 --> 00:25:56,596 …made by another flanged male. 268 00:25:56,680 --> 00:26:00,141 [calling] 269 00:26:05,230 --> 00:26:07,941 [moody music playing] 270 00:26:08,024 --> 00:26:08,942 Titan. 271 00:26:09,985 --> 00:26:12,112 He wants Otto's title. 272 00:26:16,992 --> 00:26:22,163 If he gets it, he will be the one that breeding females will choose. 273 00:26:29,129 --> 00:26:32,966 So Titan the challenger goes in pursuit, 274 00:26:34,009 --> 00:26:36,094 and Otto makes a run for it. 275 00:26:36,636 --> 00:26:38,930 [dramatic, action music playing] 276 00:26:39,014 --> 00:26:41,224 [calling] 277 00:26:45,478 --> 00:26:48,231 Combat risks injury or worse. 278 00:26:54,404 --> 00:26:58,116 So flanged males will only fight if they have to. 279 00:27:01,286 --> 00:27:05,790 Far better if the contest can be decided by a show of strength. 280 00:27:09,377 --> 00:27:12,714 And Titan knows how to rattle the old man's cage. 281 00:27:15,925 --> 00:27:17,927 [animals howling] 282 00:27:19,471 --> 00:27:24,893 Otto's only goal now is getting as far away from Titan as possible. 283 00:27:34,819 --> 00:27:37,739 [music becomes quiet] 284 00:27:37,822 --> 00:27:39,866 Titan may have seen off Otto, 285 00:27:40,784 --> 00:27:43,703 but he's not yet the dominant male. 286 00:27:46,623 --> 00:27:51,336 To win that title, he will probably have to face much stronger opponents. 287 00:27:58,385 --> 00:28:00,637 This won't be one of them. 288 00:28:00,720 --> 00:28:03,473 [comical music playing] 289 00:28:05,183 --> 00:28:07,352 -It's Pepito. -[music fades] 290 00:28:07,435 --> 00:28:09,771 For a newly independent young male, 291 00:28:09,854 --> 00:28:14,150 Titan is the perfect role model to learn from. 292 00:28:15,235 --> 00:28:17,320 [upbeat music playing] 293 00:28:18,738 --> 00:28:20,532 At nearly 90 kilos, 294 00:28:21,574 --> 00:28:27,664 Titan can use his weight to swing across gaps between trees, and so save energy. 295 00:28:33,503 --> 00:28:35,880 That's worth a go, surely. 296 00:28:35,964 --> 00:28:39,050 [upbeat music becomes lively] 297 00:28:44,222 --> 00:28:46,516 The problem of being a lightweight. 298 00:29:04,743 --> 00:29:06,870 [music becomes quiet and suspenseful] 299 00:29:08,663 --> 00:29:11,541 But there are other ways to cross gaps. 300 00:29:12,584 --> 00:29:14,586 [music becomes mysterious] 301 00:29:15,837 --> 00:29:19,716 The question is, will this vine carry his weight? 302 00:29:28,558 --> 00:29:30,226 Perhaps it's a bit risky. 303 00:29:32,228 --> 00:29:34,731 It's a big drop to the swamp below. 304 00:29:39,861 --> 00:29:41,237 Oh, what the hell. 305 00:29:41,321 --> 00:29:44,866 [adventurous music playing] 306 00:30:17,273 --> 00:30:18,900 He's not saved any energy, 307 00:30:20,985 --> 00:30:24,531 but play is all part of the learning experience. 308 00:30:24,614 --> 00:30:26,366 [music stops] 309 00:30:27,909 --> 00:30:31,454 [calling] 310 00:30:31,538 --> 00:30:33,873 Titan is advertising. 311 00:30:33,957 --> 00:30:35,250 [Titan calling] 312 00:30:35,333 --> 00:30:37,836 [upbeat music playing] 313 00:30:39,295 --> 00:30:44,217 Time for Pepito to resume his shadowing of the big, flanged male. 314 00:30:44,300 --> 00:30:47,720 [calling] 315 00:30:48,304 --> 00:30:51,599 If he can disentangle himself from these branches. 316 00:30:57,814 --> 00:31:00,775 [Titan continues calling] 317 00:31:06,614 --> 00:31:10,952 Long calls are not just about power and territory. 318 00:31:11,452 --> 00:31:16,791 Scientists have recently discovered they also communicate future travel plans. 319 00:31:18,751 --> 00:31:24,048 Titan's call tells other orangutans in which direction he'll be traveling, 320 00:31:24,883 --> 00:31:26,718 even into the next day. 321 00:31:27,552 --> 00:31:29,053 [Titan continues calling] 322 00:31:30,054 --> 00:31:32,307 [music becomes ominous] 323 00:31:33,600 --> 00:31:37,729 Fair warning to any other flanged male in his path. 324 00:31:39,731 --> 00:31:43,026 [animal grunting] 325 00:31:45,904 --> 00:31:47,614 [music becomes quiet and dramatic] 326 00:31:47,697 --> 00:31:51,075 It's not good news for Split Lip Otto. 327 00:32:00,543 --> 00:32:05,965 Once the king of Suaq, what he now needs is a quiet retirement. 328 00:32:08,176 --> 00:32:11,554 That could lie on the other side of the river, 329 00:32:11,638 --> 00:32:13,181 but how's he to get there? 330 00:32:15,934 --> 00:32:19,228 Orangutans are afraid of water. 331 00:32:20,647 --> 00:32:24,192 [animal grunting] 332 00:32:27,737 --> 00:32:31,866 A bridge used by the monkeys could be the answer. 333 00:32:41,000 --> 00:32:45,088 But Otto is more than ten times heavier than a langur monkey. 334 00:32:50,718 --> 00:32:53,930 And there could be crocodiles in the river below. 335 00:32:57,767 --> 00:33:00,645 [music becomes moody] 336 00:33:20,707 --> 00:33:26,129 Otto's self-imposed exile from Suaq marks the end of an era. 337 00:33:29,090 --> 00:33:32,468 And without an established dominant male, 338 00:33:32,552 --> 00:33:37,473 other younger males will rise from the ranks to claim the position. 339 00:33:43,980 --> 00:33:49,152 So it won't be long before Titan will have to face another opponent. 340 00:33:51,612 --> 00:33:53,573 [music fades out] 341 00:33:55,867 --> 00:34:00,163 [upbeat music playing] 342 00:34:02,874 --> 00:34:06,294 [animal calling] 343 00:34:10,840 --> 00:34:12,759 Over the last few months, 344 00:34:12,842 --> 00:34:16,971 Eden has settled down in her own patch of swamp forest, 345 00:34:17,055 --> 00:34:19,599 not far from Ellie, her mother. 346 00:34:21,726 --> 00:34:24,228 She's returned home several times, 347 00:34:24,312 --> 00:34:27,273 but such visits are now less frequent. 348 00:34:31,778 --> 00:34:34,739 And like all the neighborhood orangutans, 349 00:34:34,822 --> 00:34:37,575 she's getting used to being by herself. 350 00:34:42,747 --> 00:34:47,543 But she still wants to know what's going on when other residents appear, 351 00:34:47,627 --> 00:34:50,588 particularly if they are family or friends. 352 00:34:58,054 --> 00:35:01,432 It's Olala, a juvenile female. 353 00:35:04,102 --> 00:35:05,853 She isn't family, 354 00:35:05,937 --> 00:35:10,650 but here in Suaq, young unrelated females often tolerate each other. 355 00:35:14,612 --> 00:35:16,197 [dramatic musical hit] 356 00:35:16,280 --> 00:35:19,492 -But not this time. -[mischievous music playing] 357 00:35:19,575 --> 00:35:23,496 Eden and Olala's families have had a long-running feud. 358 00:35:27,917 --> 00:35:29,836 And there's no sign of it cooling. 359 00:35:33,339 --> 00:35:36,968 Eden must try to drive Olala away. 360 00:35:37,051 --> 00:35:39,971 [dramatic music playing] 361 00:35:58,823 --> 00:36:00,658 [music becomes quiet and dramatic] 362 00:36:09,041 --> 00:36:10,626 [gentle music playing] 363 00:36:16,340 --> 00:36:19,927 Standing up to Olala and defending her territory 364 00:36:20,011 --> 00:36:23,472 shows she's come a long way since leaving home. 365 00:36:27,018 --> 00:36:29,103 She returns to her berries, 366 00:36:30,396 --> 00:36:33,149 not yet aware of a new visitor. 367 00:36:34,066 --> 00:36:36,235 [mysterious music playing] 368 00:36:41,449 --> 00:36:44,410 It's Sulli, the unflanged. 369 00:36:44,493 --> 00:36:46,954 [whimsical music playing] 370 00:36:50,082 --> 00:36:53,127 He's come here to make friends with Eden. 371 00:37:01,385 --> 00:37:02,929 Eden seems unsure. 372 00:37:09,227 --> 00:37:13,064 She's never been alone with a male before. 373 00:37:18,861 --> 00:37:22,907 Eden pauses, perhaps to assess the situation. 374 00:37:26,244 --> 00:37:27,787 He seems friendly. 375 00:37:29,580 --> 00:37:31,707 But what Eden doesn't know 376 00:37:32,333 --> 00:37:35,878 is that Sulli's strategy is more calculated. 377 00:37:37,380 --> 00:37:40,049 If he can develop a friendship with her now, 378 00:37:40,132 --> 00:37:44,011 he might have more of a chance when she's old enough to breed. 379 00:37:55,564 --> 00:37:56,899 [music stops] 380 00:37:56,983 --> 00:37:59,610 [contemplative music playing] 381 00:38:02,655 --> 00:38:07,118 Maybe that look was an encouraging sign. 382 00:38:12,707 --> 00:38:16,669 Eden settles down with a stick full of termites. 383 00:38:24,135 --> 00:38:26,053 And when Sulli catches up, 384 00:38:26,679 --> 00:38:28,597 he shares her stick. 385 00:38:34,145 --> 00:38:38,357 So far, everything Eden has learned has come from her mother, Ellie. 386 00:38:41,485 --> 00:38:45,865 But watching Sulli is a chance to learn other ways of doing things, 387 00:38:46,449 --> 00:38:49,785 expanding her knowledge of how to live in this forest. 388 00:38:56,417 --> 00:38:59,503 And while motherhood is not yet on her mind… 389 00:39:02,256 --> 00:39:07,219 perhaps this strange male is more interesting than she first thought. 390 00:39:19,607 --> 00:39:21,650 [music fades out] 391 00:39:22,485 --> 00:39:28,240 Not far away, Eden's mother, Ellie, is in a mango tree. 392 00:39:28,324 --> 00:39:30,534 [heartfelt music playing] 393 00:39:30,618 --> 00:39:32,787 Her baby is doing well. 394 00:39:35,247 --> 00:39:38,292 The human observers have named him Emen. 395 00:39:44,215 --> 00:39:49,136 Three months old, he still has a lot to learn about the world around him. 396 00:39:52,723 --> 00:39:54,850 [whimsical music playing] 397 00:39:57,978 --> 00:40:01,816 In Suaq, termites are a very familiar sight. 398 00:40:05,736 --> 00:40:09,115 The shy, fluffy-backed tit-babbler, on the other hand… 399 00:40:09,198 --> 00:40:11,033 [chirping] 400 00:40:11,117 --> 00:40:13,494 …is more often heard than seen. 401 00:40:22,628 --> 00:40:26,340 There are thousands of different species of animal in this forest. 402 00:40:34,056 --> 00:40:36,517 And wherever the two orangs go, 403 00:40:37,017 --> 00:40:40,729 there will be new things for Emen to wonder at. 404 00:40:41,814 --> 00:40:44,150 [upbeat music continues] 405 00:41:06,005 --> 00:41:06,922 [grunts] 406 00:41:11,635 --> 00:41:15,764 Emen will eventually become familiar with most of these creatures… 407 00:41:17,975 --> 00:41:19,977 and learn which are harmless, 408 00:41:21,228 --> 00:41:23,147 and which are not. 409 00:41:23,230 --> 00:41:25,316 [music becomes ominous] 410 00:41:28,027 --> 00:41:32,156 Ellie needs to warn her son when animals are dangerous 411 00:41:32,239 --> 00:41:34,742 so that Emen knows how to avoid them. 412 00:41:37,495 --> 00:41:40,623 A bite from a pit viper could be fatal. 413 00:41:40,706 --> 00:41:42,082 [music stops] 414 00:41:42,166 --> 00:41:44,418 [gentle music playing] 415 00:41:45,794 --> 00:41:47,379 Like Eden before him, 416 00:41:47,463 --> 00:41:51,592 Emen will be closely guarded by Ellie for many years to come. 417 00:41:55,346 --> 00:42:00,809 It's why infant survival is higher among orangutans than any other great ape. 418 00:42:18,702 --> 00:42:22,915 It's time for Ellie to make a nest for the night. 419 00:42:25,125 --> 00:42:27,378 She prepares a leafy mattress. 420 00:42:32,800 --> 00:42:37,388 It will be years before Emen is able to build a nest for himself. 421 00:42:42,851 --> 00:42:47,064 Exactly how to do that is something he'll learn from his mother. 422 00:42:49,650 --> 00:42:53,237 Orangutans build new nests every night. 423 00:42:56,740 --> 00:43:00,452 And they're the most complex made by any great ape. 424 00:43:02,997 --> 00:43:06,417 The style varies from one individual to another. 425 00:43:08,627 --> 00:43:11,463 Some even add leaf pillows. 426 00:43:15,217 --> 00:43:18,512 [yawns] 427 00:43:26,979 --> 00:43:28,564 [quiet snoring] 428 00:43:33,944 --> 00:43:35,571 [music fades out] 429 00:43:37,865 --> 00:43:41,535 -[contemplative music playing] -[animals chittering] 430 00:43:48,250 --> 00:43:49,960 It's 6:00 a.m. 431 00:43:50,794 --> 00:43:52,087 Wake-up time. 432 00:43:55,799 --> 00:43:57,051 [insects buzzing] 433 00:43:58,677 --> 00:44:00,638 [insects buzzing] 434 00:44:06,268 --> 00:44:10,856 For those having a lie-in, the morning alarm is about to go off. 435 00:44:10,939 --> 00:44:12,066 [music stops] 436 00:44:12,149 --> 00:44:14,818 [whooping sounds] 437 00:44:14,902 --> 00:44:16,195 Siamang gibbons. 438 00:44:16,278 --> 00:44:17,404 [rapid whooping] 439 00:44:17,488 --> 00:44:19,156 Suaq's dawn chorus. 440 00:44:21,492 --> 00:44:25,329 Their inflatable throat sacs amplify their calls. 441 00:44:25,412 --> 00:44:27,706 [whooping continues] 442 00:44:27,790 --> 00:44:32,544 And it's deafening, if, like Titan, you've been sleeping right underneath. 443 00:44:46,183 --> 00:44:48,394 [lively music playing] 444 00:44:48,477 --> 00:44:50,896 Other residents are already on the move. 445 00:44:56,652 --> 00:45:01,240 There are over 30 different species of termite in Suaq. 446 00:45:01,824 --> 00:45:04,535 These are processional termites. 447 00:45:06,412 --> 00:45:11,208 They feed on leaves, lichen and bark, which they take back to their nest. 448 00:45:17,923 --> 00:45:21,260 Their columns can be hundreds of meters long. 449 00:45:25,723 --> 00:45:29,101 [car horns honking] 450 00:45:41,363 --> 00:45:47,453 Termites play a vital role in recycling nutrients back into the forest… 451 00:45:48,579 --> 00:45:51,081 [loud rumbling] 452 00:45:52,541 --> 00:45:54,543 [faint screams] 453 00:45:55,544 --> 00:46:00,048 …and are also themselves food for large, hairy apes 454 00:46:01,216 --> 00:46:02,426 like Titan. 455 00:46:13,312 --> 00:46:15,063 [whimsical music playing] 456 00:46:15,147 --> 00:46:16,440 [music stops] 457 00:46:16,523 --> 00:46:19,109 Pepito is still watching what goes on. 458 00:46:29,912 --> 00:46:32,289 Anything he learns from Titan 459 00:46:32,831 --> 00:46:37,753 will be useful if he eventually becomes a flanged male. 460 00:46:41,590 --> 00:46:45,010 Titan, however, has more important matters on his mind, 461 00:46:45,093 --> 00:46:47,054 such as ripe fruit. 462 00:46:48,597 --> 00:46:53,143 And he knows where there is a tree full of it. 463 00:46:54,812 --> 00:46:56,563 [adventurous music playing] 464 00:46:56,647 --> 00:46:58,899 He takes the shortest route… 465 00:47:02,736 --> 00:47:06,657 only stopping if he sees other delicacies on the way. 466 00:47:11,620 --> 00:47:14,998 Titan was an adult when he first appeared in Suaq, 467 00:47:15,082 --> 00:47:19,837 but over the last decade he's built up a mental map of the fruiting trees, 468 00:47:20,838 --> 00:47:25,843 memorizing not only where they are, but when they will be ready to pick. 469 00:47:33,976 --> 00:47:37,437 If he wants to add to his already impressive physique 470 00:47:37,521 --> 00:47:39,606 and become king of the jungle, 471 00:47:39,690 --> 00:47:43,902 he needs to eat, eat, eat. 472 00:47:45,612 --> 00:47:48,949 As many as 8,000 calories a day. 473 00:47:49,032 --> 00:47:50,742 [lively music playing] 474 00:48:28,864 --> 00:48:31,366 [animals chittering] 475 00:48:33,201 --> 00:48:35,913 [mischievous music playing] 476 00:48:39,416 --> 00:48:41,710 Unable to keep up with Titan, 477 00:48:41,793 --> 00:48:45,881 Pepito has homed in on Olala, the young female. 478 00:48:50,385 --> 00:48:54,389 She is eating the fruits of a medang baru tree. 479 00:49:01,021 --> 00:49:04,816 It's likely that Pepito has never been around her before. 480 00:49:08,153 --> 00:49:10,489 So she's worth a closer look. 481 00:49:12,866 --> 00:49:15,577 And she seems interested in him. 482 00:49:23,585 --> 00:49:26,713 But whether this was the introduction she had in mind… 483 00:49:29,424 --> 00:49:30,926 is hard to say. 484 00:49:33,053 --> 00:49:37,432 At this distance, Pepito can really check out her feeding technique. 485 00:49:40,060 --> 00:49:42,521 And maybe learn something new. 486 00:49:45,899 --> 00:49:49,111 But Olala has had enough of being stared at. 487 00:49:52,447 --> 00:49:57,494 For Pepito, learning from his peers is another part of his education, 488 00:49:58,078 --> 00:50:01,498 and might even increase his survival prospects. 489 00:50:01,581 --> 00:50:03,208 [music stops] 490 00:50:07,170 --> 00:50:09,506 [upbeat music playing] 491 00:50:10,841 --> 00:50:14,261 There's something else on Titan's mind. 492 00:50:17,973 --> 00:50:20,600 And it doesn't appear to be Yulia. 493 00:50:26,898 --> 00:50:32,112 As the leading male, he's a magnet for adult females like Yulia 494 00:50:32,612 --> 00:50:34,740 who are looking for a relationship. 495 00:50:38,535 --> 00:50:42,414 Oddly, she's finding it difficult to get him in the right mood. 496 00:50:44,124 --> 00:50:47,586 Perhaps it will help prodding him in a delicate area. 497 00:50:52,257 --> 00:50:54,509 [sniffing] 498 00:51:08,273 --> 00:51:09,566 [grunts] 499 00:51:12,027 --> 00:51:13,779 Time for a rethink. 500 00:51:22,079 --> 00:51:24,748 A gift of a few leaves, perhaps? 501 00:51:33,131 --> 00:51:37,260 Well, there's a limit on what you can do 502 00:51:37,344 --> 00:51:39,179 to get someone's attention. 503 00:51:44,017 --> 00:51:45,519 Or is there? 504 00:51:49,272 --> 00:51:50,982 -[grunts] -[music stops] 505 00:51:52,984 --> 00:51:55,362 Yulia finally gets the message. 506 00:51:55,445 --> 00:51:58,115 [melancholic music playing] 507 00:51:58,198 --> 00:52:01,201 Leaving the distracted Titan to his thoughts, 508 00:52:01,284 --> 00:52:05,080 anxious, perhaps, about the possibility of a challenge 509 00:52:05,163 --> 00:52:08,250 from a more powerful flanged male. 510 00:52:08,333 --> 00:52:10,627 [thunder rumbling] 511 00:52:10,710 --> 00:52:13,630 -[loud thunder rumbling] -[music stops] 512 00:52:18,051 --> 00:52:21,805 Eden has found her own medang baru fruits. 513 00:52:21,888 --> 00:52:24,099 [upbeat music playing] 514 00:52:24,891 --> 00:52:28,770 By her side is Sulli, the unflanged. 515 00:52:32,691 --> 00:52:35,443 His perseverance appears to have paid off. 516 00:52:46,371 --> 00:52:49,207 To filter out the fruit's unpalatable bits, 517 00:52:49,291 --> 00:52:52,586 Eden sieves the juice through her fur. 518 00:53:02,429 --> 00:53:07,309 Surprisingly, Sulli uses Eden's fur for the same job. 519 00:53:10,687 --> 00:53:16,359 But has he overstepped the mark with this apparently intimate action? 520 00:53:23,909 --> 00:53:27,329 She puts a little distance between them. 521 00:53:37,547 --> 00:53:38,798 Sulli follows. 522 00:53:43,178 --> 00:53:45,472 He's nothing if not persistent. 523 00:53:53,647 --> 00:53:58,818 Researchers at Suaq have always known Sulli to be a friendly, playful character… 524 00:54:01,821 --> 00:54:05,033 but he's not reading the signs from Eden. 525 00:54:07,285 --> 00:54:08,328 [shrieking] 526 00:54:19,839 --> 00:54:23,677 What might be playfulness starts to look more threatening, 527 00:54:24,386 --> 00:54:26,888 and Eden wants no more of it. 528 00:54:26,972 --> 00:54:29,266 [thunder rumbling] 529 00:54:33,979 --> 00:54:35,397 [music fades out] 530 00:54:36,273 --> 00:54:40,819 Not even a sudden rainstorm can dampen Sulli's enthusiasm. 531 00:54:50,954 --> 00:54:53,248 It's all too much for Eden. 532 00:54:53,331 --> 00:54:55,583 [thunderclap] 533 00:54:59,045 --> 00:55:02,424 And Sulli is left alone to ponder. 534 00:55:04,342 --> 00:55:06,678 [introspective music playing] 535 00:55:15,186 --> 00:55:16,896 [raindrops falling] 536 00:55:59,981 --> 00:56:01,858 [distant thunder rumbling] 537 00:56:07,614 --> 00:56:09,616 [music fades out] 538 00:56:11,034 --> 00:56:13,370 [tense music playing] 539 00:56:13,453 --> 00:56:17,832 [orangutan calling] 540 00:56:22,587 --> 00:56:28,134 The long calls of mature males are as individual as fingerprints, 541 00:56:28,802 --> 00:56:31,179 and this one isn't Titan's. 542 00:56:36,976 --> 00:56:40,188 [calling continues] 543 00:56:48,822 --> 00:56:51,366 It's another flanged male, 544 00:56:51,449 --> 00:56:54,160 and one with fresh scars of battle. 545 00:56:55,328 --> 00:56:58,623 [deep breathing] 546 00:57:01,084 --> 00:57:03,253 This is Rakus. 547 00:57:03,336 --> 00:57:06,965 Ten months ago, he was a subordinate male. 548 00:57:08,299 --> 00:57:11,136 Since then, a huge surge of hormones 549 00:57:11,219 --> 00:57:15,890 has caused him to nearly double his size and grow cheek pads. 550 00:57:17,392 --> 00:57:20,854 [deep breathing] 551 00:57:21,479 --> 00:57:24,357 -Rakus now wants the top spot. -[branches cracking] 552 00:57:25,608 --> 00:57:29,070 but he hasn't yet seen off his current opponent. 553 00:57:30,238 --> 00:57:31,489 It's Titan. 554 00:57:32,323 --> 00:57:35,660 -[calling] -[dramatic music playing] 555 00:57:50,467 --> 00:57:52,927 [calling continues] 556 00:58:05,815 --> 00:58:09,194 Titan's title defense could be over. 557 00:58:09,277 --> 00:58:10,695 [music ends] 558 00:58:11,404 --> 00:58:15,074 And Rakus looks like being the new contender, 559 00:58:15,825 --> 00:58:18,119 though it has come at a cost. 560 00:58:18,203 --> 00:58:19,996 [tense music playing] 561 00:58:20,079 --> 00:58:21,748 He has a badly cut hand… 562 00:58:21,831 --> 00:58:23,249 [low groan] 563 00:58:23,333 --> 00:58:24,918 …a broken middle finger… 564 00:58:27,462 --> 00:58:29,130 and a torn face. 565 00:58:35,428 --> 00:58:37,597 These wounds will heal in time, 566 00:58:38,765 --> 00:58:41,684 but his severed thumb is a different matter. 567 00:58:46,356 --> 00:58:50,860 Despite his injuries, Rakus must try and stay alert. 568 00:58:54,447 --> 00:58:56,908 Titan could still return. 569 00:58:58,284 --> 00:59:01,120 [bird chirping] 570 00:59:04,874 --> 00:59:06,793 But he can't keep watch forever. 571 00:59:08,253 --> 00:59:10,880 Exhaustion will take its toll. 572 00:59:10,964 --> 00:59:13,132 [tense music continues] 573 00:59:43,246 --> 00:59:45,623 [insects buzzing] 574 00:59:50,253 --> 00:59:54,674 Passing overhead is Sulli, the unflanged. 575 00:59:55,883 --> 01:00:00,972 Ten months ago, when Rakus was still unflanged, the two were friends. 576 01:00:01,055 --> 01:00:02,515 [music becomes suspenseful] 577 01:00:02,599 --> 01:00:04,517 Not anymore. 578 01:00:05,184 --> 01:00:07,604 And males challenging for dominance 579 01:00:08,730 --> 01:00:10,690 have a very short fuse. 580 01:00:10,773 --> 01:00:13,651 [dramatic action music playing] 581 01:00:21,159 --> 01:00:21,993 [grunts] 582 01:00:22,785 --> 01:00:27,123 In his haste to give chase, Rakus makes an error of judgment. 583 01:00:27,206 --> 01:00:28,833 -[branch cracks] -[loud thud] 584 01:00:28,916 --> 01:00:32,378 -[animals chittering] -[music stops] 585 01:00:35,089 --> 01:00:36,758 [tense music playing] 586 01:00:39,510 --> 01:00:41,054 But he seems okay. 587 01:00:41,137 --> 01:00:43,640 [moody music playing] 588 01:01:11,709 --> 01:01:14,545 He's in desperate need of rest. 589 01:01:14,629 --> 01:01:16,130 [calling] 590 01:01:16,214 --> 01:01:19,384 But even now, Rakus finds the energy to send out 591 01:01:19,467 --> 01:01:21,928 one more message to the neighborhood. 592 01:01:24,263 --> 01:01:30,144 It's a warning to flanged males, and an invitation to adult females. 593 01:01:31,020 --> 01:01:34,774 [animals chittering] 594 01:01:36,317 --> 01:01:38,319 [music fades out] 595 01:01:38,986 --> 01:01:41,239 [dramatic music playing] 596 01:01:46,911 --> 01:01:51,374 Old Friska is the first to respond to Rakus's call. 597 01:01:55,044 --> 01:01:56,045 [branch cracking] 598 01:01:57,588 --> 01:01:59,549 [music becomes tense] 599 01:01:59,632 --> 01:02:02,051 [calling] 600 01:02:02,135 --> 01:02:06,222 The sound of her moving in the trees above sets him off again. 601 01:02:10,017 --> 01:02:12,854 He doesn't yet realize it's Friska. 602 01:02:12,937 --> 01:02:14,897 [continues calling] 603 01:02:20,653 --> 01:02:23,448 [melancholy music playing] 604 01:02:30,705 --> 01:02:33,541 The two have known each other for years… 605 01:02:36,669 --> 01:02:41,966 though Friska may not have seen Rakus since he became a flanged male. 606 01:02:43,843 --> 01:02:47,013 But wise old females like Friska 607 01:02:47,096 --> 01:02:51,559 are very good at telling who the next dominant male will be. 608 01:02:56,355 --> 01:03:01,068 So her visit is a vote of confidence for the new contender. 609 01:03:04,822 --> 01:03:08,993 And if Friska is to breed again and have her seventh child, 610 01:03:09,535 --> 01:03:11,829 it's likely to be with him. 611 01:03:14,248 --> 01:03:15,875 [music fades out] 612 01:03:17,960 --> 01:03:20,338 [contemplative music playing] 613 01:03:20,421 --> 01:03:22,715 [animals chittering] 614 01:03:25,051 --> 01:03:28,471 Friska's grandson, Emen, is one, 615 01:03:28,554 --> 01:03:31,265 and ready for his next big milestone. 616 01:03:31,349 --> 01:03:33,601 [music becomes playful] 617 01:03:33,684 --> 01:03:36,187 For the first four years of its life, 618 01:03:36,270 --> 01:03:41,400 a baby orang is carried by its mother wherever she goes through the forest. 619 01:03:42,860 --> 01:03:48,074 But Emen has reached an age when he wants to explore the world away from Ellie. 620 01:03:48,157 --> 01:03:50,159 [playful music continues] 621 01:04:03,047 --> 01:04:06,592 And he gets an opportunity whenever she stops. 622 01:04:08,261 --> 01:04:09,220 As now. 623 01:04:28,573 --> 01:04:30,449 [chitters] 624 01:04:31,117 --> 01:04:33,578 It's a long way down. 625 01:04:35,580 --> 01:04:37,206 Best hang on tight. 626 01:04:41,502 --> 01:04:43,462 But this playtime is over. 627 01:04:44,005 --> 01:04:45,339 [squeaking] 628 01:04:47,800 --> 01:04:50,761 Now the laws of physics come into play. 629 01:04:52,889 --> 01:04:58,311 Ellie must apply just the right force to overcome the resistance. 630 01:05:14,911 --> 01:05:16,537 Another opportunity? 631 01:05:20,416 --> 01:05:22,460 Emen slips off again. 632 01:05:23,586 --> 01:05:25,922 [playful music continues] 633 01:05:40,561 --> 01:05:44,857 This may well be the furthest Emen has been away from his mother. 634 01:05:50,279 --> 01:05:53,950 Three points of contact are usually recommended… 635 01:05:56,243 --> 01:05:59,705 but which toddler doesn't push the boundaries? 636 01:06:05,586 --> 01:06:07,129 [insects buzzing] 637 01:06:07,213 --> 01:06:12,176 Emen's moment of freedom, however, is largely an illusion. 638 01:06:14,136 --> 01:06:15,930 Like mothers the world over, 639 01:06:16,889 --> 01:06:21,185 keeping an eye on baby is second nature to Ellie. 640 01:06:23,896 --> 01:06:26,399 And when he is bored of going solo, 641 01:06:27,525 --> 01:06:30,903 Mum's body makes an excellent playground. 642 01:06:33,072 --> 01:06:34,907 [playful music fades out] 643 01:06:34,991 --> 01:06:37,410 [soothing music playing] 644 01:06:42,206 --> 01:06:44,792 Eden has returned home. 645 01:06:48,963 --> 01:06:53,300 There are still important things for Eden to learn from Mother. 646 01:07:03,602 --> 01:07:08,774 Watching Ellie and Emen together might be the best opportunity Eden has 647 01:07:08,858 --> 01:07:13,404 to see mothering in action before she has her own baby. 648 01:07:15,531 --> 01:07:17,950 So will her style be… 649 01:07:18,034 --> 01:07:19,285 [Emen exclaims] 650 01:07:19,368 --> 01:07:20,536 …tough love? 651 01:07:20,619 --> 01:07:22,246 [comical music playing] 652 01:07:23,372 --> 01:07:25,041 [soothing music resumes] 653 01:07:25,124 --> 01:07:27,668 Or the more nurturing kind? 654 01:07:32,465 --> 01:07:34,425 As with all orangs, 655 01:07:35,551 --> 01:07:38,554 watching and learning will be key to Eden's success. 656 01:07:45,019 --> 01:07:46,979 [upbeat music playing] 657 01:07:47,063 --> 01:07:51,734 And if there's one thing that gets the attention of all adult orangs, 658 01:07:52,318 --> 01:07:53,527 it's a tree hole. 659 01:07:56,363 --> 01:07:58,866 Things live in them, 660 01:07:58,949 --> 01:08:02,328 sometimes edible things. 661 01:08:03,287 --> 01:08:05,664 So it's worth checking out every hole. 662 01:08:09,877 --> 01:08:11,879 [insects buzzing] 663 01:08:11,962 --> 01:08:14,840 And when something is buzzing around the opening, 664 01:08:14,924 --> 01:08:16,675 such as stingless bees, 665 01:08:16,759 --> 01:08:18,010 it's even better. 666 01:08:21,013 --> 01:08:24,225 Because that means grubs or honey. 667 01:08:25,017 --> 01:08:27,019 [upbeat music continues] 668 01:08:35,361 --> 01:08:40,282 Small holes require stick tools to reach what's inside, 669 01:08:41,075 --> 01:08:42,284 but not this one. 670 01:08:53,754 --> 01:08:56,173 Mmm, finger-licking good. 671 01:09:06,684 --> 01:09:08,018 And the best thing, 672 01:09:08,978 --> 01:09:12,690 it's a honey meal with no stings attached. 673 01:09:16,443 --> 01:09:20,739 Unfortunately for Eden, sharing isn't an option. 674 01:09:24,827 --> 01:09:27,705 Eden must look for her own honey pot. 675 01:09:31,375 --> 01:09:32,793 And she knows of one. 676 01:09:32,877 --> 01:09:35,337 -[upbeat music continues] -[bees buzzing] 677 01:09:43,888 --> 01:09:47,474 Like Ellie's, insects are buzzing around the entrance. 678 01:09:49,518 --> 01:09:50,686 A good sign. 679 01:09:52,563 --> 01:09:57,026 But these look bigger and more menacing. 680 01:10:04,658 --> 01:10:07,244 It's time for a smash and grab. 681 01:10:09,914 --> 01:10:12,750 [music becomes lively] 682 01:10:13,500 --> 01:10:16,754 The thing about sticking your hand into a wasp's nest 683 01:10:18,255 --> 01:10:20,799 is that you make them very angry. 684 01:10:31,810 --> 01:10:36,482 The handful of grubs may not have been worth all the stings. 685 01:10:38,984 --> 01:10:41,111 She'll know better next time. 686 01:10:45,574 --> 01:10:47,743 [music becomes gentle and heartfelt] 687 01:10:52,414 --> 01:10:56,627 Several months have passed since Rakus's fight with Titan. 688 01:10:59,004 --> 01:11:01,548 His eye wound has healed nicely. 689 01:11:04,635 --> 01:11:09,807 And he has established his status as the undisputed king of Suaq. 690 01:11:12,059 --> 01:11:15,229 To remain on top, he must stay fit and strong. 691 01:11:17,398 --> 01:11:20,109 High-protein termites will help. 692 01:11:22,736 --> 01:11:27,074 Though working around rotten wood comes with risks. 693 01:11:27,157 --> 01:11:29,451 [comical music playing] 694 01:11:36,208 --> 01:11:37,209 [loud thud] 695 01:11:37,293 --> 01:11:38,335 Ouch! 696 01:11:41,171 --> 01:11:43,841 It's not a good start to Rakus's day, 697 01:11:44,425 --> 01:11:48,178 but a sore head can feel better after a cool drink, 698 01:11:49,555 --> 01:11:52,683 and in this forest, that's not difficult to find. 699 01:11:52,766 --> 01:11:55,352 [upbeat music playing] 700 01:12:00,983 --> 01:12:02,359 Pitcher plants. 701 01:12:02,443 --> 01:12:04,445 [water trickling] 702 01:12:07,573 --> 01:12:10,409 The forest's natural water pots. 703 01:12:12,745 --> 01:12:18,500 Each contains a mixture of rainwater and partially digested insects. 704 01:12:19,710 --> 01:12:20,753 Nice! 705 01:12:34,266 --> 01:12:40,397 As the now dominant male, Rakus' life will never be the same again. 706 01:12:40,898 --> 01:12:43,067 [contemplative music playing] 707 01:12:44,401 --> 01:12:47,738 He will form relationships with neighborhood females 708 01:12:47,821 --> 01:12:49,448 like Friska and Ellie. 709 01:12:52,242 --> 01:12:55,287 But he will shun all other orangutans. 710 01:13:03,128 --> 01:13:05,798 Yet, as the established king, 711 01:13:05,881 --> 01:13:11,845 his very presence will stop unflanged males from developing flanges. 712 01:13:15,557 --> 01:13:21,480 And this will extend his reign, which could last as long as ten years. 713 01:13:23,357 --> 01:13:24,942 [music stops] 714 01:13:25,692 --> 01:13:27,528 [heartfelt music playing] 715 01:13:27,611 --> 01:13:30,364 Things have also moved on for Eden. 716 01:13:33,409 --> 01:13:35,911 She is fashioning a stick tool… 717 01:13:40,541 --> 01:13:44,002 to try and reach whatever is in this hole. 718 01:13:47,673 --> 01:13:52,469 For the very first time, she's figured out how to use a tool 719 01:13:52,553 --> 01:13:55,931 without her mother, Ellie, showing her how. 720 01:13:57,349 --> 01:14:01,353 This one, however, hasn't produced the right result. 721 01:14:02,688 --> 01:14:05,065 She needs a rethink. 722 01:14:12,698 --> 01:14:15,617 She's really trying to solve the problem. 723 01:14:18,328 --> 01:14:21,457 So could this vine do the trick? 724 01:14:50,027 --> 01:14:52,446 [uplifting music playing] 725 01:14:58,035 --> 01:14:59,620 The stick is longer, 726 01:15:01,038 --> 01:15:03,499 but perhaps it's still not long enough. 727 01:15:06,543 --> 01:15:11,048 It will be a few years before Eden is an accomplished tool user, 728 01:15:12,216 --> 01:15:16,803 but this skill is a major milestone in her own journey. 729 01:15:20,516 --> 01:15:25,646 A sure sign that she's ready for an independent life in the jungle. 730 01:15:29,942 --> 01:15:32,861 There will be other challenges ahead for Eden, 731 01:15:33,445 --> 01:15:37,658 but the biggest challenge for her and all the neighborhood orangs 732 01:15:37,741 --> 01:15:41,078 will come from the world beyond their boundaries. 733 01:15:41,161 --> 01:15:43,413 [music becomes heartfelt] 734 01:15:47,876 --> 01:15:53,924 When old Friska was Eden's age, orangutans were found across Sumatra. 735 01:15:56,218 --> 01:15:57,636 Not now. 736 01:15:58,845 --> 01:16:00,347 In the last 20 years, 737 01:16:00,430 --> 01:16:06,270 a staggering 80% of the world's orangutan jungles have gone. 738 01:16:08,188 --> 01:16:14,361 So will Suaq's forest last long enough for Pepito to make a long call? 739 01:16:18,073 --> 01:16:21,368 Or for Eden to raise her own family? 740 01:16:27,332 --> 01:16:29,501 With their long education, 741 01:16:30,294 --> 01:16:36,592 these slow-growing apes cannot cope with rapid changes to their habitat. 742 01:16:39,720 --> 01:16:42,764 Today, only the narrow Limbang River 743 01:16:42,848 --> 01:16:47,561 stands between Eden's home and relentless human development. 744 01:16:49,813 --> 01:16:53,066 But as long as Suaq's forest remains protected, 745 01:16:53,775 --> 01:17:00,240 the story of these remarkable relatives of ours will continue for generations yet. 746 01:17:01,575 --> 01:17:05,412 That, surely, is not too much to hope for. 747 01:17:05,495 --> 01:17:07,164 [music fades] 748 01:17:08,999 --> 01:17:11,251 [mysterious music playing] 749 01:17:12,210 --> 01:17:16,757 [orangutan calling] 750 01:18:04,513 --> 01:18:07,015 [lively music playing] 751 01:18:32,541 --> 01:18:34,543 [music ends] 54572

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