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[mysterious music playing]
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00:00:11,886 --> 00:00:16,683
[David Attenborough] This forest
is home to the biggest and heaviest
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00:00:16,766 --> 00:00:19,185
of all tree-living animals.
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[branches rustling]
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-[whimsical music playing]
-[David] During their long lives,
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they may never even
put a foot on the ground.
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That is why so little was known about them
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until just a few decades ago.
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00:00:57,474 --> 00:01:00,810
Yet they are one of our closest relatives,
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sharing nearly 30
physical characteristics with us.
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Even their name, orang hutan,
means "person of the forest."
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00:01:15,450 --> 00:01:18,495
Despite their great size and strength,
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these are gentle, thoughtful,
problem-solving creatures…
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00:01:27,003 --> 00:01:31,508
and perhaps more relatable to us
than any other great ape.
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[bird chirping]
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Looking at an orangutan, it's hard
not to see something of ourselves.
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And while we may never know
exactly what they're thinking,
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think, they surely do.
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[whimsical music continues]
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00:02:16,344 --> 00:02:17,470
[music fades]
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[contemplative music playing]
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00:02:21,015 --> 00:02:26,354
Orangutans once lived right across
the Indonesian island of Sumatra.
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But much of their forest
has now been felled.
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00:02:31,109 --> 00:02:36,573
And today, the few thousand that remain
are restricted to the far north.
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00:02:37,824 --> 00:02:40,910
Here, one place stands out.
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Suaq.
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A small stretch of swamp forest…
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00:02:48,042 --> 00:02:51,838
bordered to the west by the Limbang River,
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which acts as a barrier
to human development.
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[majestic music playing]
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00:02:58,219 --> 00:03:02,849
Suaq's forest has remained
unchanged for thousands of years.
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00:03:06,644 --> 00:03:09,230
It's prime orangutan habitat…
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and now has the highest density
of these red-haired apes
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as anywhere on the planet.
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[whimsical music playing]
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It's a neighborhood
of over 200 identifiable individuals.
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00:03:34,964 --> 00:03:37,842
And for the last 30 years,
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they have been watched by scientists
of the Orangutan Research Project.
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00:03:45,767 --> 00:03:49,562
But whether the observers
are field scientists or filmmakers,
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just glimpsing an orangutan
in the treetops of the swamp below
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is not enough.
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You need to see them close up,
high in the canopy.
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[branches cracking]
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00:04:09,123 --> 00:04:13,836
And new filming techniques,
such as small drones,
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are now enabling us to do exactly that,
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revealing more details
of their private lives than ever before.
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Orangs are normally solitary,
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but those living here
are remarkably social.
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[whimsical music continues]
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They watch and learn from one another,
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and by doing so
have created a unique culture.
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The use of tools is rare
among orangutans elsewhere,
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but not here,
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and such skills are passed down
to each new generation.
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[music fades out]
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At the center of this long-running study
are three closely related females.
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The most senior is Friska,
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skilled at sucking termites out of sticks.
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[gentle music playing]
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She's over 60 years of age
and one of the world's oldest wild orangs.
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Next, Friska's daughter Ellie,
always eating.
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00:05:30,913 --> 00:05:33,958
And lastly, Ellie's child, Eden,
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who is approaching
the biggest milestone in an orang's life.
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She's recognizable
by the spike in her hair,
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a feature she's had since she was a baby.
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This is Eden, aged two,
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with Mum Ellie.
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00:06:03,654 --> 00:06:06,783
The bond between
mother orangutan and child
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is one of the longest
and strongest in the natural world,
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second only to humans.
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A young orangutan will spend
thousands of hours watching its mother.
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That is how they learn which
of the jungle's many species of plant
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are safe to eat…
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and, just as important, how to eat them.
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It's an education that can take a decade.
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But all that was six years ago.
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Eden is now eight
and knows quite a lot about the jungle.
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She's learned which plants
in this sea of green are good to eat.
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What hasn't yet changed
is her relationship with her mother.
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[animal calling]
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Ellie is never far away,
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and watching her is still
Eden's quickest way of finding food.
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Such as these termites.
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For Eden,
sharing with her mother is a way of life.
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Until now.
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That slap is not a good sign.
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Something has changed.
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[intriguing music playing]
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There has been a new arrival.
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It's about half the size of a human baby
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and probably the first newborn
that Eden has ever seen.
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[chitters]
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All rather bewildering.
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Though the newcomer
is surely worth a closer look.
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But her mother doesn't want her too close.
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[whimsical music playing]
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For eight years, mother and firstborn
have done everything together.
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[contemplative music playing]
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Now, two have become three,
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and it all seems different.
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Nevertheless,
it's still best to follow Mum.
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[whimsical music playing]
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Even at the age of eight,
Eden has always kept her mother in sight.
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00:10:10,568 --> 00:10:13,863
That is not easy in the dense jungle…
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00:10:15,948 --> 00:10:18,200
but getting lost would be dangerous.
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And wherever Ellie is,
food is not far away.
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To power their big brains and bodies,
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orangutans spend much of their day eating.
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00:10:45,603 --> 00:10:50,566
These melaka fruit
are just one of over 300 kinds of food
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that Ellie and Eden will eat.
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Collecting some food
requires special techniques.
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[munching]
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For Eden, copying Mum
has always been the best policy.
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But when a snack can bite back…
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[mandibles clanging]
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…you've got to get the technique
just right.
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Eden will quickly learn
that using your fingertips
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is not the best way to pick up ants.
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[shrieks]
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[shrieks]
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As ever,
nothing comes between Ellie and her food,
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00:11:53,546 --> 00:11:56,424
and that includes baby's arm.
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[baby squeals]
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00:12:07,768 --> 00:12:09,729
With a new baby to support,
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00:12:09,812 --> 00:12:14,150
Ellie must eat
around 3,000 calories a day.
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00:12:17,027 --> 00:12:20,364
Leaves are an important part
of their diet.
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00:12:22,032 --> 00:12:25,119
But even the right kind
need some processing.
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00:12:26,912 --> 00:12:30,624
Which means spitting out
the bitter-tasting tannins.
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[whimsical music continues]
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[gentle music playing]
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00:12:44,930 --> 00:12:49,268
Newborn orangutans
spend a lot of time sleeping,
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just as human babies do.
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00:12:52,521 --> 00:12:55,316
The only difference
is that they must do so
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00:12:55,399 --> 00:12:57,610
while keeping a tight grip on Mother.
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00:13:08,162 --> 00:13:13,125
After a few hours spent feeding,
orangutans like to take a nap.
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00:13:16,712 --> 00:13:21,550
But now, the new baby seems
to have taken Eden's place in the nest.
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00:13:32,853 --> 00:13:36,232
It's hard when your mother
doesn't seem to be as interested
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in you as she once was.
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00:13:47,993 --> 00:13:52,164
Soon Eden will have to find
a new home in this forest
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and fend for herself.
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[animals chittering]
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00:14:04,927 --> 00:14:08,180
[contemplative music playing]
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00:14:08,264 --> 00:14:09,974
Elsewhere in the neighborhood,
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Eden's cousin Pepito
is facing his own moment of truth.
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00:14:21,360 --> 00:14:25,698
His mother, Piniata,
is ready to have another baby.
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A year older than Eden,
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00:14:29,827 --> 00:14:32,037
this is as good a sign as any
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00:14:32,121 --> 00:14:35,583
that it's time
for Pepito to go off by himself.
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[expectant music playing]
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00:14:46,343 --> 00:14:51,891
Going solo is the most dangerous time
in a young orang's life.
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To succeed, you need know-how, confidence,
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and vigilance.
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00:15:02,318 --> 00:15:04,570
[suspenseful music playing]
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00:15:07,573 --> 00:15:09,783
[intriguing music playing]
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00:15:13,704 --> 00:15:16,290
And what better way to show confidence…
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00:15:18,292 --> 00:15:21,253
than quelling the demons
in the swamp below?
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00:15:28,594 --> 00:15:30,763
[adventurous music playing]
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00:15:31,722 --> 00:15:34,642
Even if it's only a harmless turtle.
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[music intensifies]
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[tense music playing]
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00:15:47,821 --> 00:15:50,407
[adventurous music playing]
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This might appear to be
a somewhat over-the-top reaction,
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but in orang society,
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boys are known to be
more boisterous than girls.
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00:16:13,931 --> 00:16:17,726
And that isn't the only difference
between the genders.
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[music fades]
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To fulfill their potential,
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newly independent young males like Pepito
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must find an adult male
as a role model from whom to learn.
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[contemplative music playing]
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00:16:35,911 --> 00:16:39,498
In the meantime,
there's an opportunity to watch the use
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00:16:39,581 --> 00:16:42,001
of an important Suaq skill.
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The fruiting of cemanang trees
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is much anticipated by adult orangutans.
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00:17:00,728 --> 00:17:03,522
The pods contain very nutritious seeds.
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00:17:06,775 --> 00:17:09,153
But you have to know how to get at them.
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00:17:12,031 --> 00:17:15,784
Until they ripen,
the pods are almost impossible to open.
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00:17:21,457 --> 00:17:24,209
Inside each are dozens of seeds,
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00:17:24,293 --> 00:17:27,921
protected by thousands
of glass-like hairs.
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00:17:30,549 --> 00:17:35,012
Once open, the only safe way
to reach the calorie-rich seeds
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is by using a tool.
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00:17:39,975 --> 00:17:42,686
And with decades of experience,
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60-year-old Friska is an expert.
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00:17:47,983 --> 00:17:50,194
[upbeat music playing]
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With the right size stick,
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she can pop out the seeds
without touching the irritating hairs.
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00:18:10,297 --> 00:18:14,885
Suaq's orangs are virtually
the only ones able to do this,
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00:18:14,968 --> 00:18:18,263
though perfecting the skill
can take years.
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00:18:25,813 --> 00:18:30,901
Females have usually learned it
by the time they're about 14 years old.
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00:18:33,153 --> 00:18:36,240
Most males take a little longer than that.
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00:18:43,038 --> 00:18:47,543
Youngsters like Pepito and Eden
have to watch the adults carefully
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00:18:47,626 --> 00:18:52,256
if they're ever to master the technique
and enjoy this high-protein food.
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00:18:55,425 --> 00:19:00,097
And remarkably, even after
they've been chewed by the orangs,
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00:19:00,180 --> 00:19:03,934
the seeds are still able to germinate.
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00:19:09,148 --> 00:19:12,276
-[animals chittering]
-[music fades out]
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00:19:16,071 --> 00:19:19,449
Old Friska is on a trip
through the neighborhood.
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00:19:19,533 --> 00:19:22,202
[whimsical music playing]
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00:19:24,246 --> 00:19:26,915
She's come to visit her daughter Ellie.
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00:19:28,458 --> 00:19:32,129
Perhaps she's aware
of the new addition to her family.
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00:19:39,344 --> 00:19:44,391
Friska is not just mother of six,
she's also a great-grandmother.
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00:19:45,350 --> 00:19:48,896
And this new baby is her fifth grandchild,
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00:19:49,897 --> 00:19:53,358
making her the neighborhood's
most successful female.
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00:19:58,363 --> 00:20:02,659
But the relationship between
grandchild number five and number four,
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00:20:02,743 --> 00:20:05,787
spiky-haired Eden, remains frosty.
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00:20:19,718 --> 00:20:23,430
Mothering styles among orangutans vary.
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00:20:26,016 --> 00:20:28,352
Friska is known to be strict.
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00:20:30,604 --> 00:20:34,107
The researchers noticed
that compared to other mothers,
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00:20:34,191 --> 00:20:36,902
she let her infants cry more often
211
00:20:36,985 --> 00:20:40,113
and gave in to their demands
less frequently.
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00:20:42,574 --> 00:20:46,870
A tough-love approach
that has been inherited by Ellie,
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00:20:46,954 --> 00:20:50,958
who is now applying it
to her oldest child, Eden.
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00:20:51,041 --> 00:20:52,626
[gentle music playing]
215
00:20:52,709 --> 00:20:56,421
Her mother's attention
is now focused on the new baby,
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00:20:56,505 --> 00:20:59,925
who seems to have won over
even grumpy Granny.
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00:21:05,973 --> 00:21:07,766
Like cousin Pepito,
218
00:21:09,101 --> 00:21:13,522
the moment has come
for Eden to spend time away from Mum.
219
00:21:16,066 --> 00:21:18,610
It will be a whole new experience,
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00:21:18,694 --> 00:21:20,320
being on her own.
221
00:21:25,367 --> 00:21:27,327
And without her mother,
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00:21:27,411 --> 00:21:31,665
she will have to deal
with many unfamiliar orangutans.
223
00:21:33,583 --> 00:21:35,585
[music fades]
224
00:21:39,339 --> 00:21:44,344
One of these will be very interested
in the more independent Eden.
225
00:21:44,428 --> 00:21:46,847
[intriguing music playing]
226
00:21:49,683 --> 00:21:52,227
Twenty-eight-year-old Sulli,
227
00:21:52,311 --> 00:21:55,397
always on the lookout
for new relationships.
228
00:21:57,774 --> 00:22:02,112
So any movement in the trees
catches his eye.
229
00:22:08,076 --> 00:22:12,956
Despite his age, Sulli hasn't yet
developed into a fully mature male
230
00:22:13,040 --> 00:22:16,877
with the pads on his cheeks
that are known as flanges.
231
00:22:19,838 --> 00:22:24,343
And even for an unflanged male,
he's still rather small.
232
00:22:31,975 --> 00:22:37,522
But what he lacks in stature,
he makes up for in determination.
233
00:22:41,902 --> 00:22:46,740
And Sulli the unflanged
has just spotted a familiar face.
234
00:22:47,240 --> 00:22:49,326
[intriguing music continues]
235
00:22:49,409 --> 00:22:51,745
Twenty-one-year-old Lily.
236
00:22:56,625 --> 00:22:58,585
As a subordinate male,
237
00:22:58,668 --> 00:23:02,756
Sulli must take the initiative
when it comes to befriending females.
238
00:23:22,859 --> 00:23:24,820
She doesn't seem interested,
239
00:23:25,320 --> 00:23:29,616
but when you're an unflanged male,
you have to persevere.
240
00:23:34,913 --> 00:23:36,748
[music fades]
241
00:23:36,832 --> 00:23:39,835
[tense music playing]
242
00:23:41,420 --> 00:23:43,422
With his focus on Lily,
243
00:23:43,505 --> 00:23:50,011
Sulli hasn't realized
that he's being watched by Split Lip Otto,
244
00:23:50,095 --> 00:23:53,723
Suaq's old
but still dominant flanged male.
245
00:23:57,811 --> 00:24:00,480
He won't tolerate a subordinate like Sulli
246
00:24:00,564 --> 00:24:03,608
getting friendly
with females on his patch.
247
00:24:03,692 --> 00:24:07,612
[music intensifies]
248
00:24:10,198 --> 00:24:11,992
[music becomes quiet]
249
00:24:13,743 --> 00:24:16,746
Otto must remind him who's boss.
250
00:24:27,090 --> 00:24:30,051
Sulli had better make himself scarce.
251
00:24:31,928 --> 00:24:33,555
[music intensifies]
252
00:24:40,187 --> 00:24:43,523
One advantage of being an unflanged male
253
00:24:43,607 --> 00:24:47,486
is that you can move much faster
than heavyweights like Otto.
254
00:24:57,412 --> 00:25:01,082
So staying one step ahead isn't hard.
255
00:25:06,213 --> 00:25:09,925
For Otto, it's not easy
putting the frighteners on someone
256
00:25:10,008 --> 00:25:11,843
if you can't get close.
257
00:25:16,598 --> 00:25:18,558
But shaking branches
258
00:25:18,642 --> 00:25:22,479
is a flanged male's way
of saying, "Get lost."
259
00:25:24,856 --> 00:25:25,857
Job done.
260
00:25:27,317 --> 00:25:28,568
At least for now.
261
00:25:33,907 --> 00:25:35,825
[tense music becomes quiet]
262
00:25:36,660 --> 00:25:40,288
[warbling call echoes]
263
00:25:41,498 --> 00:25:45,460
[warbling continues]
264
00:25:47,504 --> 00:25:48,964
[warbling continues]
265
00:25:49,047 --> 00:25:51,883
This sound is a long call…
266
00:25:51,967 --> 00:25:53,468
[calling]
267
00:25:53,552 --> 00:25:56,596
…made by another flanged male.
268
00:25:56,680 --> 00:26:00,141
[calling]
269
00:26:05,230 --> 00:26:07,941
[moody music playing]
270
00:26:08,024 --> 00:26:08,942
Titan.
271
00:26:09,985 --> 00:26:12,112
He wants Otto's title.
272
00:26:16,992 --> 00:26:22,163
If he gets it, he will be the one
that breeding females will choose.
273
00:26:29,129 --> 00:26:32,966
So Titan the challenger goes in pursuit,
274
00:26:34,009 --> 00:26:36,094
and Otto makes a run for it.
275
00:26:36,636 --> 00:26:38,930
[dramatic, action music playing]
276
00:26:39,014 --> 00:26:41,224
[calling]
277
00:26:45,478 --> 00:26:48,231
Combat risks injury or worse.
278
00:26:54,404 --> 00:26:58,116
So flanged males
will only fight if they have to.
279
00:27:01,286 --> 00:27:05,790
Far better if the contest
can be decided by a show of strength.
280
00:27:09,377 --> 00:27:12,714
And Titan knows
how to rattle the old man's cage.
281
00:27:15,925 --> 00:27:17,927
[animals howling]
282
00:27:19,471 --> 00:27:24,893
Otto's only goal now is getting
as far away from Titan as possible.
283
00:27:34,819 --> 00:27:37,739
[music becomes quiet]
284
00:27:37,822 --> 00:27:39,866
Titan may have seen off Otto,
285
00:27:40,784 --> 00:27:43,703
but he's not yet the dominant male.
286
00:27:46,623 --> 00:27:51,336
To win that title, he will probably
have to face much stronger opponents.
287
00:27:58,385 --> 00:28:00,637
This won't be one of them.
288
00:28:00,720 --> 00:28:03,473
[comical music playing]
289
00:28:05,183 --> 00:28:07,352
-It's Pepito.
-[music fades]
290
00:28:07,435 --> 00:28:09,771
For a newly independent young male,
291
00:28:09,854 --> 00:28:14,150
Titan is the perfect role model
to learn from.
292
00:28:15,235 --> 00:28:17,320
[upbeat music playing]
293
00:28:18,738 --> 00:28:20,532
At nearly 90 kilos,
294
00:28:21,574 --> 00:28:27,664
Titan can use his weight to swing across
gaps between trees, and so save energy.
295
00:28:33,503 --> 00:28:35,880
That's worth a go, surely.
296
00:28:35,964 --> 00:28:39,050
[upbeat music becomes lively]
297
00:28:44,222 --> 00:28:46,516
The problem of being a lightweight.
298
00:29:04,743 --> 00:29:06,870
[music becomes quiet and suspenseful]
299
00:29:08,663 --> 00:29:11,541
But there are other ways to cross gaps.
300
00:29:12,584 --> 00:29:14,586
[music becomes mysterious]
301
00:29:15,837 --> 00:29:19,716
The question is,
will this vine carry his weight?
302
00:29:28,558 --> 00:29:30,226
Perhaps it's a bit risky.
303
00:29:32,228 --> 00:29:34,731
It's a big drop to the swamp below.
304
00:29:39,861 --> 00:29:41,237
Oh, what the hell.
305
00:29:41,321 --> 00:29:44,866
[adventurous music playing]
306
00:30:17,273 --> 00:30:18,900
He's not saved any energy,
307
00:30:20,985 --> 00:30:24,531
but play is all part
of the learning experience.
308
00:30:24,614 --> 00:30:26,366
[music stops]
309
00:30:27,909 --> 00:30:31,454
[calling]
310
00:30:31,538 --> 00:30:33,873
Titan is advertising.
311
00:30:33,957 --> 00:30:35,250
[Titan calling]
312
00:30:35,333 --> 00:30:37,836
[upbeat music playing]
313
00:30:39,295 --> 00:30:44,217
Time for Pepito to resume
his shadowing of the big, flanged male.
314
00:30:44,300 --> 00:30:47,720
[calling]
315
00:30:48,304 --> 00:30:51,599
If he can disentangle himself
from these branches.
316
00:30:57,814 --> 00:31:00,775
[Titan continues calling]
317
00:31:06,614 --> 00:31:10,952
Long calls are not
just about power and territory.
318
00:31:11,452 --> 00:31:16,791
Scientists have recently discovered
they also communicate future travel plans.
319
00:31:18,751 --> 00:31:24,048
Titan's call tells other orangutans
in which direction he'll be traveling,
320
00:31:24,883 --> 00:31:26,718
even into the next day.
321
00:31:27,552 --> 00:31:29,053
[Titan continues calling]
322
00:31:30,054 --> 00:31:32,307
[music becomes ominous]
323
00:31:33,600 --> 00:31:37,729
Fair warning
to any other flanged male in his path.
324
00:31:39,731 --> 00:31:43,026
[animal grunting]
325
00:31:45,904 --> 00:31:47,614
[music becomes quiet and dramatic]
326
00:31:47,697 --> 00:31:51,075
It's not good news for Split Lip Otto.
327
00:32:00,543 --> 00:32:05,965
Once the king of Suaq,
what he now needs is a quiet retirement.
328
00:32:08,176 --> 00:32:11,554
That could lie
on the other side of the river,
329
00:32:11,638 --> 00:32:13,181
but how's he to get there?
330
00:32:15,934 --> 00:32:19,228
Orangutans are afraid of water.
331
00:32:20,647 --> 00:32:24,192
[animal grunting]
332
00:32:27,737 --> 00:32:31,866
A bridge used by the monkeys
could be the answer.
333
00:32:41,000 --> 00:32:45,088
But Otto is more than ten times heavier
than a langur monkey.
334
00:32:50,718 --> 00:32:53,930
And there could be crocodiles
in the river below.
335
00:32:57,767 --> 00:33:00,645
[music becomes moody]
336
00:33:20,707 --> 00:33:26,129
Otto's self-imposed exile from Suaq
marks the end of an era.
337
00:33:29,090 --> 00:33:32,468
And without an established dominant male,
338
00:33:32,552 --> 00:33:37,473
other younger males will rise
from the ranks to claim the position.
339
00:33:43,980 --> 00:33:49,152
So it won't be long before Titan
will have to face another opponent.
340
00:33:51,612 --> 00:33:53,573
[music fades out]
341
00:33:55,867 --> 00:34:00,163
[upbeat music playing]
342
00:34:02,874 --> 00:34:06,294
[animal calling]
343
00:34:10,840 --> 00:34:12,759
Over the last few months,
344
00:34:12,842 --> 00:34:16,971
Eden has settled down
in her own patch of swamp forest,
345
00:34:17,055 --> 00:34:19,599
not far from Ellie, her mother.
346
00:34:21,726 --> 00:34:24,228
She's returned home several times,
347
00:34:24,312 --> 00:34:27,273
but such visits are now less frequent.
348
00:34:31,778 --> 00:34:34,739
And like all the neighborhood orangutans,
349
00:34:34,822 --> 00:34:37,575
she's getting used to being by herself.
350
00:34:42,747 --> 00:34:47,543
But she still wants to know what's
going on when other residents appear,
351
00:34:47,627 --> 00:34:50,588
particularly if they are
family or friends.
352
00:34:58,054 --> 00:35:01,432
It's Olala, a juvenile female.
353
00:35:04,102 --> 00:35:05,853
She isn't family,
354
00:35:05,937 --> 00:35:10,650
but here in Suaq, young unrelated females
often tolerate each other.
355
00:35:14,612 --> 00:35:16,197
[dramatic musical hit]
356
00:35:16,280 --> 00:35:19,492
-But not this time.
-[mischievous music playing]
357
00:35:19,575 --> 00:35:23,496
Eden and Olala's families
have had a long-running feud.
358
00:35:27,917 --> 00:35:29,836
And there's no sign of it cooling.
359
00:35:33,339 --> 00:35:36,968
Eden must try to drive Olala away.
360
00:35:37,051 --> 00:35:39,971
[dramatic music playing]
361
00:35:58,823 --> 00:36:00,658
[music becomes quiet and dramatic]
362
00:36:09,041 --> 00:36:10,626
[gentle music playing]
363
00:36:16,340 --> 00:36:19,927
Standing up to Olala
and defending her territory
364
00:36:20,011 --> 00:36:23,472
shows she's come a long way
since leaving home.
365
00:36:27,018 --> 00:36:29,103
She returns to her berries,
366
00:36:30,396 --> 00:36:33,149
not yet aware of a new visitor.
367
00:36:34,066 --> 00:36:36,235
[mysterious music playing]
368
00:36:41,449 --> 00:36:44,410
It's Sulli, the unflanged.
369
00:36:44,493 --> 00:36:46,954
[whimsical music playing]
370
00:36:50,082 --> 00:36:53,127
He's come here to make friends with Eden.
371
00:37:01,385 --> 00:37:02,929
Eden seems unsure.
372
00:37:09,227 --> 00:37:13,064
She's never been alone with a male before.
373
00:37:18,861 --> 00:37:22,907
Eden pauses,
perhaps to assess the situation.
374
00:37:26,244 --> 00:37:27,787
He seems friendly.
375
00:37:29,580 --> 00:37:31,707
But what Eden doesn't know
376
00:37:32,333 --> 00:37:35,878
is that Sulli's strategy
is more calculated.
377
00:37:37,380 --> 00:37:40,049
If he can develop
a friendship with her now,
378
00:37:40,132 --> 00:37:44,011
he might have more of a chance
when she's old enough to breed.
379
00:37:55,564 --> 00:37:56,899
[music stops]
380
00:37:56,983 --> 00:37:59,610
[contemplative music playing]
381
00:38:02,655 --> 00:38:07,118
Maybe that look was an encouraging sign.
382
00:38:12,707 --> 00:38:16,669
Eden settles down
with a stick full of termites.
383
00:38:24,135 --> 00:38:26,053
And when Sulli catches up,
384
00:38:26,679 --> 00:38:28,597
he shares her stick.
385
00:38:34,145 --> 00:38:38,357
So far, everything Eden has learned
has come from her mother, Ellie.
386
00:38:41,485 --> 00:38:45,865
But watching Sulli is a chance
to learn other ways of doing things,
387
00:38:46,449 --> 00:38:49,785
expanding her knowledge
of how to live in this forest.
388
00:38:56,417 --> 00:38:59,503
And while motherhood
is not yet on her mind…
389
00:39:02,256 --> 00:39:07,219
perhaps this strange male is more
interesting than she first thought.
390
00:39:19,607 --> 00:39:21,650
[music fades out]
391
00:39:22,485 --> 00:39:28,240
Not far away,
Eden's mother, Ellie, is in a mango tree.
392
00:39:28,324 --> 00:39:30,534
[heartfelt music playing]
393
00:39:30,618 --> 00:39:32,787
Her baby is doing well.
394
00:39:35,247 --> 00:39:38,292
The human observers have named him Emen.
395
00:39:44,215 --> 00:39:49,136
Three months old, he still has
a lot to learn about the world around him.
396
00:39:52,723 --> 00:39:54,850
[whimsical music playing]
397
00:39:57,978 --> 00:40:01,816
In Suaq,
termites are a very familiar sight.
398
00:40:05,736 --> 00:40:09,115
The shy, fluffy-backed tit-babbler,
on the other hand…
399
00:40:09,198 --> 00:40:11,033
[chirping]
400
00:40:11,117 --> 00:40:13,494
…is more often heard than seen.
401
00:40:22,628 --> 00:40:26,340
There are thousands of different species
of animal in this forest.
402
00:40:34,056 --> 00:40:36,517
And wherever the two orangs go,
403
00:40:37,017 --> 00:40:40,729
there will be new things
for Emen to wonder at.
404
00:40:41,814 --> 00:40:44,150
[upbeat music continues]
405
00:41:06,005 --> 00:41:06,922
[grunts]
406
00:41:11,635 --> 00:41:15,764
Emen will eventually become familiar
with most of these creatures…
407
00:41:17,975 --> 00:41:19,977
and learn which are harmless,
408
00:41:21,228 --> 00:41:23,147
and which are not.
409
00:41:23,230 --> 00:41:25,316
[music becomes ominous]
410
00:41:28,027 --> 00:41:32,156
Ellie needs to warn her son
when animals are dangerous
411
00:41:32,239 --> 00:41:34,742
so that Emen knows how to avoid them.
412
00:41:37,495 --> 00:41:40,623
A bite from a pit viper could be fatal.
413
00:41:40,706 --> 00:41:42,082
[music stops]
414
00:41:42,166 --> 00:41:44,418
[gentle music playing]
415
00:41:45,794 --> 00:41:47,379
Like Eden before him,
416
00:41:47,463 --> 00:41:51,592
Emen will be closely guarded by Ellie
for many years to come.
417
00:41:55,346 --> 00:42:00,809
It's why infant survival is higher
among orangutans than any other great ape.
418
00:42:18,702 --> 00:42:22,915
It's time for Ellie
to make a nest for the night.
419
00:42:25,125 --> 00:42:27,378
She prepares a leafy mattress.
420
00:42:32,800 --> 00:42:37,388
It will be years before Emen is able
to build a nest for himself.
421
00:42:42,851 --> 00:42:47,064
Exactly how to do that
is something he'll learn from his mother.
422
00:42:49,650 --> 00:42:53,237
Orangutans build new nests every night.
423
00:42:56,740 --> 00:43:00,452
And they're the most complex
made by any great ape.
424
00:43:02,997 --> 00:43:06,417
The style varies
from one individual to another.
425
00:43:08,627 --> 00:43:11,463
Some even add leaf pillows.
426
00:43:15,217 --> 00:43:18,512
[yawns]
427
00:43:26,979 --> 00:43:28,564
[quiet snoring]
428
00:43:33,944 --> 00:43:35,571
[music fades out]
429
00:43:37,865 --> 00:43:41,535
-[contemplative music playing]
-[animals chittering]
430
00:43:48,250 --> 00:43:49,960
It's 6:00 a.m.
431
00:43:50,794 --> 00:43:52,087
Wake-up time.
432
00:43:55,799 --> 00:43:57,051
[insects buzzing]
433
00:43:58,677 --> 00:44:00,638
[insects buzzing]
434
00:44:06,268 --> 00:44:10,856
For those having a lie-in,
the morning alarm is about to go off.
435
00:44:10,939 --> 00:44:12,066
[music stops]
436
00:44:12,149 --> 00:44:14,818
[whooping sounds]
437
00:44:14,902 --> 00:44:16,195
Siamang gibbons.
438
00:44:16,278 --> 00:44:17,404
[rapid whooping]
439
00:44:17,488 --> 00:44:19,156
Suaq's dawn chorus.
440
00:44:21,492 --> 00:44:25,329
Their inflatable throat sacs
amplify their calls.
441
00:44:25,412 --> 00:44:27,706
[whooping continues]
442
00:44:27,790 --> 00:44:32,544
And it's deafening, if, like Titan,
you've been sleeping right underneath.
443
00:44:46,183 --> 00:44:48,394
[lively music playing]
444
00:44:48,477 --> 00:44:50,896
Other residents are already on the move.
445
00:44:56,652 --> 00:45:01,240
There are over 30 different species
of termite in Suaq.
446
00:45:01,824 --> 00:45:04,535
These are processional termites.
447
00:45:06,412 --> 00:45:11,208
They feed on leaves, lichen and bark,
which they take back to their nest.
448
00:45:17,923 --> 00:45:21,260
Their columns can be
hundreds of meters long.
449
00:45:25,723 --> 00:45:29,101
[car horns honking]
450
00:45:41,363 --> 00:45:47,453
Termites play a vital role in recycling
nutrients back into the forest…
451
00:45:48,579 --> 00:45:51,081
[loud rumbling]
452
00:45:52,541 --> 00:45:54,543
[faint screams]
453
00:45:55,544 --> 00:46:00,048
…and are also themselves
food for large, hairy apes
454
00:46:01,216 --> 00:46:02,426
like Titan.
455
00:46:13,312 --> 00:46:15,063
[whimsical music playing]
456
00:46:15,147 --> 00:46:16,440
[music stops]
457
00:46:16,523 --> 00:46:19,109
Pepito is still watching what goes on.
458
00:46:29,912 --> 00:46:32,289
Anything he learns from Titan
459
00:46:32,831 --> 00:46:37,753
will be useful if he eventually
becomes a flanged male.
460
00:46:41,590 --> 00:46:45,010
Titan, however,
has more important matters on his mind,
461
00:46:45,093 --> 00:46:47,054
such as ripe fruit.
462
00:46:48,597 --> 00:46:53,143
And he knows
where there is a tree full of it.
463
00:46:54,812 --> 00:46:56,563
[adventurous music playing]
464
00:46:56,647 --> 00:46:58,899
He takes the shortest route…
465
00:47:02,736 --> 00:47:06,657
only stopping if he sees
other delicacies on the way.
466
00:47:11,620 --> 00:47:14,998
Titan was an adult
when he first appeared in Suaq,
467
00:47:15,082 --> 00:47:19,837
but over the last decade he's built up
a mental map of the fruiting trees,
468
00:47:20,838 --> 00:47:25,843
memorizing not only where they are,
but when they will be ready to pick.
469
00:47:33,976 --> 00:47:37,437
If he wants to add
to his already impressive physique
470
00:47:37,521 --> 00:47:39,606
and become king of the jungle,
471
00:47:39,690 --> 00:47:43,902
he needs to eat, eat, eat.
472
00:47:45,612 --> 00:47:48,949
As many as 8,000 calories a day.
473
00:47:49,032 --> 00:47:50,742
[lively music playing]
474
00:48:28,864 --> 00:48:31,366
[animals chittering]
475
00:48:33,201 --> 00:48:35,913
[mischievous music playing]
476
00:48:39,416 --> 00:48:41,710
Unable to keep up with Titan,
477
00:48:41,793 --> 00:48:45,881
Pepito has homed in on Olala,
the young female.
478
00:48:50,385 --> 00:48:54,389
She is eating the fruits
of a medang baru tree.
479
00:49:01,021 --> 00:49:04,816
It's likely that Pepito
has never been around her before.
480
00:49:08,153 --> 00:49:10,489
So she's worth a closer look.
481
00:49:12,866 --> 00:49:15,577
And she seems interested in him.
482
00:49:23,585 --> 00:49:26,713
But whether this was
the introduction she had in mind…
483
00:49:29,424 --> 00:49:30,926
is hard to say.
484
00:49:33,053 --> 00:49:37,432
At this distance, Pepito can really
check out her feeding technique.
485
00:49:40,060 --> 00:49:42,521
And maybe learn something new.
486
00:49:45,899 --> 00:49:49,111
But Olala has had enough
of being stared at.
487
00:49:52,447 --> 00:49:57,494
For Pepito, learning from his peers
is another part of his education,
488
00:49:58,078 --> 00:50:01,498
and might even increase
his survival prospects.
489
00:50:01,581 --> 00:50:03,208
[music stops]
490
00:50:07,170 --> 00:50:09,506
[upbeat music playing]
491
00:50:10,841 --> 00:50:14,261
There's something else on Titan's mind.
492
00:50:17,973 --> 00:50:20,600
And it doesn't appear to be Yulia.
493
00:50:26,898 --> 00:50:32,112
As the leading male, he's a magnet
for adult females like Yulia
494
00:50:32,612 --> 00:50:34,740
who are looking for a relationship.
495
00:50:38,535 --> 00:50:42,414
Oddly, she's finding it difficult
to get him in the right mood.
496
00:50:44,124 --> 00:50:47,586
Perhaps it will help
prodding him in a delicate area.
497
00:50:52,257 --> 00:50:54,509
[sniffing]
498
00:51:08,273 --> 00:51:09,566
[grunts]
499
00:51:12,027 --> 00:51:13,779
Time for a rethink.
500
00:51:22,079 --> 00:51:24,748
A gift of a few leaves, perhaps?
501
00:51:33,131 --> 00:51:37,260
Well, there's a limit on what you can do
502
00:51:37,344 --> 00:51:39,179
to get someone's attention.
503
00:51:44,017 --> 00:51:45,519
Or is there?
504
00:51:49,272 --> 00:51:50,982
-[grunts]
-[music stops]
505
00:51:52,984 --> 00:51:55,362
Yulia finally gets the message.
506
00:51:55,445 --> 00:51:58,115
[melancholic music playing]
507
00:51:58,198 --> 00:52:01,201
Leaving the distracted Titan
to his thoughts,
508
00:52:01,284 --> 00:52:05,080
anxious, perhaps,
about the possibility of a challenge
509
00:52:05,163 --> 00:52:08,250
from a more powerful flanged male.
510
00:52:08,333 --> 00:52:10,627
[thunder rumbling]
511
00:52:10,710 --> 00:52:13,630
-[loud thunder rumbling]
-[music stops]
512
00:52:18,051 --> 00:52:21,805
Eden has found her own medang baru fruits.
513
00:52:21,888 --> 00:52:24,099
[upbeat music playing]
514
00:52:24,891 --> 00:52:28,770
By her side is Sulli, the unflanged.
515
00:52:32,691 --> 00:52:35,443
His perseverance appears to have paid off.
516
00:52:46,371 --> 00:52:49,207
To filter out
the fruit's unpalatable bits,
517
00:52:49,291 --> 00:52:52,586
Eden sieves the juice through her fur.
518
00:53:02,429 --> 00:53:07,309
Surprisingly, Sulli uses Eden's fur
for the same job.
519
00:53:10,687 --> 00:53:16,359
But has he overstepped the mark
with this apparently intimate action?
520
00:53:23,909 --> 00:53:27,329
She puts a little distance between them.
521
00:53:37,547 --> 00:53:38,798
Sulli follows.
522
00:53:43,178 --> 00:53:45,472
He's nothing if not persistent.
523
00:53:53,647 --> 00:53:58,818
Researchers at Suaq have always known
Sulli to be a friendly, playful character…
524
00:54:01,821 --> 00:54:05,033
but he's not reading the signs from Eden.
525
00:54:07,285 --> 00:54:08,328
[shrieking]
526
00:54:19,839 --> 00:54:23,677
What might be playfulness
starts to look more threatening,
527
00:54:24,386 --> 00:54:26,888
and Eden wants no more of it.
528
00:54:26,972 --> 00:54:29,266
[thunder rumbling]
529
00:54:33,979 --> 00:54:35,397
[music fades out]
530
00:54:36,273 --> 00:54:40,819
Not even a sudden rainstorm
can dampen Sulli's enthusiasm.
531
00:54:50,954 --> 00:54:53,248
It's all too much for Eden.
532
00:54:53,331 --> 00:54:55,583
[thunderclap]
533
00:54:59,045 --> 00:55:02,424
And Sulli is left alone to ponder.
534
00:55:04,342 --> 00:55:06,678
[introspective music playing]
535
00:55:15,186 --> 00:55:16,896
[raindrops falling]
536
00:55:59,981 --> 00:56:01,858
[distant thunder rumbling]
537
00:56:07,614 --> 00:56:09,616
[music fades out]
538
00:56:11,034 --> 00:56:13,370
[tense music playing]
539
00:56:13,453 --> 00:56:17,832
[orangutan calling]
540
00:56:22,587 --> 00:56:28,134
The long calls of mature males
are as individual as fingerprints,
541
00:56:28,802 --> 00:56:31,179
and this one isn't Titan's.
542
00:56:36,976 --> 00:56:40,188
[calling continues]
543
00:56:48,822 --> 00:56:51,366
It's another flanged male,
544
00:56:51,449 --> 00:56:54,160
and one with fresh scars of battle.
545
00:56:55,328 --> 00:56:58,623
[deep breathing]
546
00:57:01,084 --> 00:57:03,253
This is Rakus.
547
00:57:03,336 --> 00:57:06,965
Ten months ago, he was a subordinate male.
548
00:57:08,299 --> 00:57:11,136
Since then, a huge surge of hormones
549
00:57:11,219 --> 00:57:15,890
has caused him to nearly double
his size and grow cheek pads.
550
00:57:17,392 --> 00:57:20,854
[deep breathing]
551
00:57:21,479 --> 00:57:24,357
-Rakus now wants the top spot.
-[branches cracking]
552
00:57:25,608 --> 00:57:29,070
but he hasn't yet seen off
his current opponent.
553
00:57:30,238 --> 00:57:31,489
It's Titan.
554
00:57:32,323 --> 00:57:35,660
-[calling]
-[dramatic music playing]
555
00:57:50,467 --> 00:57:52,927
[calling continues]
556
00:58:05,815 --> 00:58:09,194
Titan's title defense could be over.
557
00:58:09,277 --> 00:58:10,695
[music ends]
558
00:58:11,404 --> 00:58:15,074
And Rakus looks like
being the new contender,
559
00:58:15,825 --> 00:58:18,119
though it has come at a cost.
560
00:58:18,203 --> 00:58:19,996
[tense music playing]
561
00:58:20,079 --> 00:58:21,748
He has a badly cut hand…
562
00:58:21,831 --> 00:58:23,249
[low groan]
563
00:58:23,333 --> 00:58:24,918
…a broken middle finger…
564
00:58:27,462 --> 00:58:29,130
and a torn face.
565
00:58:35,428 --> 00:58:37,597
These wounds will heal in time,
566
00:58:38,765 --> 00:58:41,684
but his severed thumb
is a different matter.
567
00:58:46,356 --> 00:58:50,860
Despite his injuries,
Rakus must try and stay alert.
568
00:58:54,447 --> 00:58:56,908
Titan could still return.
569
00:58:58,284 --> 00:59:01,120
[bird chirping]
570
00:59:04,874 --> 00:59:06,793
But he can't keep watch forever.
571
00:59:08,253 --> 00:59:10,880
Exhaustion will take its toll.
572
00:59:10,964 --> 00:59:13,132
[tense music continues]
573
00:59:43,246 --> 00:59:45,623
[insects buzzing]
574
00:59:50,253 --> 00:59:54,674
Passing overhead is Sulli, the unflanged.
575
00:59:55,883 --> 01:00:00,972
Ten months ago, when Rakus was
still unflanged, the two were friends.
576
01:00:01,055 --> 01:00:02,515
[music becomes suspenseful]
577
01:00:02,599 --> 01:00:04,517
Not anymore.
578
01:00:05,184 --> 01:00:07,604
And males challenging for dominance
579
01:00:08,730 --> 01:00:10,690
have a very short fuse.
580
01:00:10,773 --> 01:00:13,651
[dramatic action music playing]
581
01:00:21,159 --> 01:00:21,993
[grunts]
582
01:00:22,785 --> 01:00:27,123
In his haste to give chase,
Rakus makes an error of judgment.
583
01:00:27,206 --> 01:00:28,833
-[branch cracks]
-[loud thud]
584
01:00:28,916 --> 01:00:32,378
-[animals chittering]
-[music stops]
585
01:00:35,089 --> 01:00:36,758
[tense music playing]
586
01:00:39,510 --> 01:00:41,054
But he seems okay.
587
01:00:41,137 --> 01:00:43,640
[moody music playing]
588
01:01:11,709 --> 01:01:14,545
He's in desperate need of rest.
589
01:01:14,629 --> 01:01:16,130
[calling]
590
01:01:16,214 --> 01:01:19,384
But even now,
Rakus finds the energy to send out
591
01:01:19,467 --> 01:01:21,928
one more message to the neighborhood.
592
01:01:24,263 --> 01:01:30,144
It's a warning to flanged males,
and an invitation to adult females.
593
01:01:31,020 --> 01:01:34,774
[animals chittering]
594
01:01:36,317 --> 01:01:38,319
[music fades out]
595
01:01:38,986 --> 01:01:41,239
[dramatic music playing]
596
01:01:46,911 --> 01:01:51,374
Old Friska is the first
to respond to Rakus's call.
597
01:01:55,044 --> 01:01:56,045
[branch cracking]
598
01:01:57,588 --> 01:01:59,549
[music becomes tense]
599
01:01:59,632 --> 01:02:02,051
[calling]
600
01:02:02,135 --> 01:02:06,222
The sound of her moving
in the trees above sets him off again.
601
01:02:10,017 --> 01:02:12,854
He doesn't yet realize it's Friska.
602
01:02:12,937 --> 01:02:14,897
[continues calling]
603
01:02:20,653 --> 01:02:23,448
[melancholy music playing]
604
01:02:30,705 --> 01:02:33,541
The two have known each other for years…
605
01:02:36,669 --> 01:02:41,966
though Friska may not have seen Rakus
since he became a flanged male.
606
01:02:43,843 --> 01:02:47,013
But wise old females like Friska
607
01:02:47,096 --> 01:02:51,559
are very good at telling
who the next dominant male will be.
608
01:02:56,355 --> 01:03:01,068
So her visit is a vote of confidence
for the new contender.
609
01:03:04,822 --> 01:03:08,993
And if Friska is to breed again
and have her seventh child,
610
01:03:09,535 --> 01:03:11,829
it's likely to be with him.
611
01:03:14,248 --> 01:03:15,875
[music fades out]
612
01:03:17,960 --> 01:03:20,338
[contemplative music playing]
613
01:03:20,421 --> 01:03:22,715
[animals chittering]
614
01:03:25,051 --> 01:03:28,471
Friska's grandson, Emen, is one,
615
01:03:28,554 --> 01:03:31,265
and ready for his next big milestone.
616
01:03:31,349 --> 01:03:33,601
[music becomes playful]
617
01:03:33,684 --> 01:03:36,187
For the first four years of its life,
618
01:03:36,270 --> 01:03:41,400
a baby orang is carried by its mother
wherever she goes through the forest.
619
01:03:42,860 --> 01:03:48,074
But Emen has reached an age when he wants
to explore the world away from Ellie.
620
01:03:48,157 --> 01:03:50,159
[playful music continues]
621
01:04:03,047 --> 01:04:06,592
And he gets an opportunity
whenever she stops.
622
01:04:08,261 --> 01:04:09,220
As now.
623
01:04:28,573 --> 01:04:30,449
[chitters]
624
01:04:31,117 --> 01:04:33,578
It's a long way down.
625
01:04:35,580 --> 01:04:37,206
Best hang on tight.
626
01:04:41,502 --> 01:04:43,462
But this playtime is over.
627
01:04:44,005 --> 01:04:45,339
[squeaking]
628
01:04:47,800 --> 01:04:50,761
Now the laws of physics come into play.
629
01:04:52,889 --> 01:04:58,311
Ellie must apply just the right force
to overcome the resistance.
630
01:05:14,911 --> 01:05:16,537
Another opportunity?
631
01:05:20,416 --> 01:05:22,460
Emen slips off again.
632
01:05:23,586 --> 01:05:25,922
[playful music continues]
633
01:05:40,561 --> 01:05:44,857
This may well be the furthest
Emen has been away from his mother.
634
01:05:50,279 --> 01:05:53,950
Three points of contact
are usually recommended…
635
01:05:56,243 --> 01:05:59,705
but which toddler
doesn't push the boundaries?
636
01:06:05,586 --> 01:06:07,129
[insects buzzing]
637
01:06:07,213 --> 01:06:12,176
Emen's moment of freedom,
however, is largely an illusion.
638
01:06:14,136 --> 01:06:15,930
Like mothers the world over,
639
01:06:16,889 --> 01:06:21,185
keeping an eye on baby
is second nature to Ellie.
640
01:06:23,896 --> 01:06:26,399
And when he is bored of going solo,
641
01:06:27,525 --> 01:06:30,903
Mum's body makes an excellent playground.
642
01:06:33,072 --> 01:06:34,907
[playful music fades out]
643
01:06:34,991 --> 01:06:37,410
[soothing music playing]
644
01:06:42,206 --> 01:06:44,792
Eden has returned home.
645
01:06:48,963 --> 01:06:53,300
There are still important things
for Eden to learn from Mother.
646
01:07:03,602 --> 01:07:08,774
Watching Ellie and Emen together
might be the best opportunity Eden has
647
01:07:08,858 --> 01:07:13,404
to see mothering in action
before she has her own baby.
648
01:07:15,531 --> 01:07:17,950
So will her style be…
649
01:07:18,034 --> 01:07:19,285
[Emen exclaims]
650
01:07:19,368 --> 01:07:20,536
…tough love?
651
01:07:20,619 --> 01:07:22,246
[comical music playing]
652
01:07:23,372 --> 01:07:25,041
[soothing music resumes]
653
01:07:25,124 --> 01:07:27,668
Or the more nurturing kind?
654
01:07:32,465 --> 01:07:34,425
As with all orangs,
655
01:07:35,551 --> 01:07:38,554
watching and learning
will be key to Eden's success.
656
01:07:45,019 --> 01:07:46,979
[upbeat music playing]
657
01:07:47,063 --> 01:07:51,734
And if there's one thing that gets
the attention of all adult orangs,
658
01:07:52,318 --> 01:07:53,527
it's a tree hole.
659
01:07:56,363 --> 01:07:58,866
Things live in them,
660
01:07:58,949 --> 01:08:02,328
sometimes edible things.
661
01:08:03,287 --> 01:08:05,664
So it's worth checking out every hole.
662
01:08:09,877 --> 01:08:11,879
[insects buzzing]
663
01:08:11,962 --> 01:08:14,840
And when something is
buzzing around the opening,
664
01:08:14,924 --> 01:08:16,675
such as stingless bees,
665
01:08:16,759 --> 01:08:18,010
it's even better.
666
01:08:21,013 --> 01:08:24,225
Because that means grubs or honey.
667
01:08:25,017 --> 01:08:27,019
[upbeat music continues]
668
01:08:35,361 --> 01:08:40,282
Small holes require stick tools
to reach what's inside,
669
01:08:41,075 --> 01:08:42,284
but not this one.
670
01:08:53,754 --> 01:08:56,173
Mmm, finger-licking good.
671
01:09:06,684 --> 01:09:08,018
And the best thing,
672
01:09:08,978 --> 01:09:12,690
it's a honey meal with no stings attached.
673
01:09:16,443 --> 01:09:20,739
Unfortunately for Eden,
sharing isn't an option.
674
01:09:24,827 --> 01:09:27,705
Eden must look for her own honey pot.
675
01:09:31,375 --> 01:09:32,793
And she knows of one.
676
01:09:32,877 --> 01:09:35,337
-[upbeat music continues]
-[bees buzzing]
677
01:09:43,888 --> 01:09:47,474
Like Ellie's,
insects are buzzing around the entrance.
678
01:09:49,518 --> 01:09:50,686
A good sign.
679
01:09:52,563 --> 01:09:57,026
But these look bigger and more menacing.
680
01:10:04,658 --> 01:10:07,244
It's time for a smash and grab.
681
01:10:09,914 --> 01:10:12,750
[music becomes lively]
682
01:10:13,500 --> 01:10:16,754
The thing about
sticking your hand into a wasp's nest
683
01:10:18,255 --> 01:10:20,799
is that you make them very angry.
684
01:10:31,810 --> 01:10:36,482
The handful of grubs
may not have been worth all the stings.
685
01:10:38,984 --> 01:10:41,111
She'll know better next time.
686
01:10:45,574 --> 01:10:47,743
[music becomes gentle and heartfelt]
687
01:10:52,414 --> 01:10:56,627
Several months have passed
since Rakus's fight with Titan.
688
01:10:59,004 --> 01:11:01,548
His eye wound has healed nicely.
689
01:11:04,635 --> 01:11:09,807
And he has established his status
as the undisputed king of Suaq.
690
01:11:12,059 --> 01:11:15,229
To remain on top,
he must stay fit and strong.
691
01:11:17,398 --> 01:11:20,109
High-protein termites will help.
692
01:11:22,736 --> 01:11:27,074
Though working around rotten wood
comes with risks.
693
01:11:27,157 --> 01:11:29,451
[comical music playing]
694
01:11:36,208 --> 01:11:37,209
[loud thud]
695
01:11:37,293 --> 01:11:38,335
Ouch!
696
01:11:41,171 --> 01:11:43,841
It's not a good start to Rakus's day,
697
01:11:44,425 --> 01:11:48,178
but a sore head can feel better
after a cool drink,
698
01:11:49,555 --> 01:11:52,683
and in this forest,
that's not difficult to find.
699
01:11:52,766 --> 01:11:55,352
[upbeat music playing]
700
01:12:00,983 --> 01:12:02,359
Pitcher plants.
701
01:12:02,443 --> 01:12:04,445
[water trickling]
702
01:12:07,573 --> 01:12:10,409
The forest's natural water pots.
703
01:12:12,745 --> 01:12:18,500
Each contains a mixture of rainwater
and partially digested insects.
704
01:12:19,710 --> 01:12:20,753
Nice!
705
01:12:34,266 --> 01:12:40,397
As the now dominant male,
Rakus' life will never be the same again.
706
01:12:40,898 --> 01:12:43,067
[contemplative music playing]
707
01:12:44,401 --> 01:12:47,738
He will form relationships
with neighborhood females
708
01:12:47,821 --> 01:12:49,448
like Friska and Ellie.
709
01:12:52,242 --> 01:12:55,287
But he will shun all other orangutans.
710
01:13:03,128 --> 01:13:05,798
Yet, as the established king,
711
01:13:05,881 --> 01:13:11,845
his very presence will stop
unflanged males from developing flanges.
712
01:13:15,557 --> 01:13:21,480
And this will extend his reign,
which could last as long as ten years.
713
01:13:23,357 --> 01:13:24,942
[music stops]
714
01:13:25,692 --> 01:13:27,528
[heartfelt music playing]
715
01:13:27,611 --> 01:13:30,364
Things have also moved on for Eden.
716
01:13:33,409 --> 01:13:35,911
She is fashioning a stick tool…
717
01:13:40,541 --> 01:13:44,002
to try and reach whatever is in this hole.
718
01:13:47,673 --> 01:13:52,469
For the very first time,
she's figured out how to use a tool
719
01:13:52,553 --> 01:13:55,931
without her mother,
Ellie, showing her how.
720
01:13:57,349 --> 01:14:01,353
This one, however,
hasn't produced the right result.
721
01:14:02,688 --> 01:14:05,065
She needs a rethink.
722
01:14:12,698 --> 01:14:15,617
She's really trying to solve the problem.
723
01:14:18,328 --> 01:14:21,457
So could this vine do the trick?
724
01:14:50,027 --> 01:14:52,446
[uplifting music playing]
725
01:14:58,035 --> 01:14:59,620
The stick is longer,
726
01:15:01,038 --> 01:15:03,499
but perhaps it's still not long enough.
727
01:15:06,543 --> 01:15:11,048
It will be a few years
before Eden is an accomplished tool user,
728
01:15:12,216 --> 01:15:16,803
but this skill is a major milestone
in her own journey.
729
01:15:20,516 --> 01:15:25,646
A sure sign that she's ready
for an independent life in the jungle.
730
01:15:29,942 --> 01:15:32,861
There will be
other challenges ahead for Eden,
731
01:15:33,445 --> 01:15:37,658
but the biggest challenge for her
and all the neighborhood orangs
732
01:15:37,741 --> 01:15:41,078
will come from
the world beyond their boundaries.
733
01:15:41,161 --> 01:15:43,413
[music becomes heartfelt]
734
01:15:47,876 --> 01:15:53,924
When old Friska was Eden's age,
orangutans were found across Sumatra.
735
01:15:56,218 --> 01:15:57,636
Not now.
736
01:15:58,845 --> 01:16:00,347
In the last 20 years,
737
01:16:00,430 --> 01:16:06,270
a staggering 80% of the world's
orangutan jungles have gone.
738
01:16:08,188 --> 01:16:14,361
So will Suaq's forest last long enough
for Pepito to make a long call?
739
01:16:18,073 --> 01:16:21,368
Or for Eden to raise her own family?
740
01:16:27,332 --> 01:16:29,501
With their long education,
741
01:16:30,294 --> 01:16:36,592
these slow-growing apes cannot cope
with rapid changes to their habitat.
742
01:16:39,720 --> 01:16:42,764
Today, only the narrow Limbang River
743
01:16:42,848 --> 01:16:47,561
stands between Eden's home
and relentless human development.
744
01:16:49,813 --> 01:16:53,066
But as long as Suaq's forest
remains protected,
745
01:16:53,775 --> 01:17:00,240
the story of these remarkable relatives
of ours will continue for generations yet.
746
01:17:01,575 --> 01:17:05,412
That, surely, is not too much to hope for.
747
01:17:05,495 --> 01:17:07,164
[music fades]
748
01:17:08,999 --> 01:17:11,251
[mysterious music playing]
749
01:17:12,210 --> 01:17:16,757
[orangutan calling]
750
01:18:04,513 --> 01:18:07,015
[lively music playing]
751
01:18:32,541 --> 01:18:34,543
[music ends]
54572
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