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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:07,175 --> 00:00:11,568 In our part 1 of our documentary on suppressed inventions, 2 00:00:11,592 --> 00:00:15,380 we discussed some of the most groundbreaking technologies, 3 00:00:15,404 --> 00:00:18,617 from Nikola Tesla's discovery of free energy 4 00:00:18,641 --> 00:00:21,623 to the mysterious circumstances surrounding the demise 5 00:00:21,647 --> 00:00:25,047 of Stanley Meyer's water-powered car. 6 00:00:25,159 --> 00:00:26,407 In this second part, 7 00:00:26,431 --> 00:00:29,093 we'll continue with presenting inventions that, 8 00:00:29,117 --> 00:00:32,722 for various reasons ranging from corporate interests to 9 00:00:32,746 --> 00:00:34,576 governmental interventions, 10 00:00:34,600 --> 00:00:36,826 never made it to the public eye, 11 00:00:36,850 --> 00:00:38,355 pushed into obscurity 12 00:00:38,379 --> 00:00:42,105 despite their potential to revolutionize our world. 13 00:00:45,059 --> 00:00:47,126 Cavity Structural Effect. 14 00:00:47,648 --> 00:00:52,165 Viktor Grebennikov was a self-taught entomologist from Russia. 15 00:00:52,190 --> 00:00:54,080 His journey into the unknown 16 00:00:54,104 --> 00:00:57,470 began with a fascination for the natural world, 17 00:00:57,494 --> 00:01:00,122 particularly the insect kingdom, 18 00:01:00,146 --> 00:01:04,206 which he believed held secrets to extraordinary powers, 19 00:01:04,231 --> 00:01:06,631 including anti-gravity. 20 00:01:07,198 --> 00:01:09,412 The cornerstone of Grebennikov's discovery 21 00:01:09,436 --> 00:01:13,063 was the Cavity Structural Effect (CSE), 22 00:01:13,087 --> 00:01:15,038 a concept he derived from 23 00:01:15,062 --> 00:01:17,976 closely observing the structure of bee nests 24 00:01:18,000 --> 00:01:20,362 and the behavior of insects. 25 00:01:20,453 --> 00:01:22,825 It all started in the early 1980s 26 00:01:22,849 --> 00:01:27,483 while Grebennikov was camping in the vast Siberian steppe. 27 00:01:27,666 --> 00:01:29,371 While laying on the ground, 28 00:01:29,395 --> 00:01:32,824 he suddenly experienced an unusual sensation, 29 00:01:32,848 --> 00:01:36,943 only to find out he was lying atop an underground bee city. 30 00:01:37,064 --> 00:01:38,641 He experienced headaches, 31 00:01:38,665 --> 00:01:41,583 ringing ears, and a metallic taste in his mouth, 32 00:01:41,607 --> 00:01:44,271 which sparked his interest in the peculiarities 33 00:01:44,295 --> 00:01:46,854 of the natural structures around him. 34 00:01:47,063 --> 00:01:49,642 Delving deeper into this phenomenon, 35 00:01:49,666 --> 00:01:52,147 Grebennikov collected parts of the bee nest 36 00:01:52,171 --> 00:01:54,554 and began experimenting. 37 00:01:54,578 --> 00:01:57,268 He observed an unusual heat emanation 38 00:01:57,292 --> 00:01:59,467 from the honeycomb structures, 39 00:01:59,491 --> 00:02:02,457 a sensation that could not be detected or measured 40 00:02:02,481 --> 00:02:06,039 by conventional scientific instruments. 41 00:02:06,063 --> 00:02:10,581 This observation led him to theorize about the existence of a force field 42 00:02:10,605 --> 00:02:14,891 generated by the geometric configuration of the honeycombs, 43 00:02:14,915 --> 00:02:19,385 a field capable of influencing the surrounding environment in ways 44 00:02:19,409 --> 00:02:22,582 not previously understood by science. 45 00:02:22,723 --> 00:02:26,005 Grebennikov's investigations took a significant turn 46 00:02:26,029 --> 00:02:30,534 when he examined the chitin shells of insects under a microscope. 47 00:02:30,559 --> 00:02:36,031 He discovered an "unusually rhythmic, extremely ordered" structure 48 00:02:36,056 --> 00:02:38,463 that seemed to defy gravity. 49 00:02:38,487 --> 00:02:42,130 When he attempted to place two of these chitin plates together, 50 00:02:42,154 --> 00:02:44,674 one plate hovered in the air for a few seconds 51 00:02:44,698 --> 00:02:47,448 before aligning itself with the other. 52 00:02:47,740 --> 00:02:49,729 This observation was the first step 53 00:02:49,753 --> 00:02:53,149 toward understanding the anti-gravitational properties 54 00:02:53,173 --> 00:02:55,609 of certain natural structures. 55 00:02:55,832 --> 00:02:58,430 Convinced of the potential of his discovery, 56 00:02:58,454 --> 00:03:00,506 Grebennikov embarked on a project 57 00:03:00,530 --> 00:03:04,330 to harness the Cavity Structural Effect for human use. 58 00:03:04,354 --> 00:03:05,662 He constructed a platform 59 00:03:05,686 --> 00:03:09,670 with thousands of chitin shells attached to its underside, 60 00:03:09,694 --> 00:03:13,640 creating what he claimed was an anti-gravity vehicle. 61 00:03:14,095 --> 00:03:15,736 According to Grebennikov, 62 00:03:15,760 --> 00:03:21,417 this vehicle could travel at speeds of up to 1,500 kilometers per hour 63 00:03:21,441 --> 00:03:24,891 and reach heights of 300 meters off the ground. 64 00:03:25,065 --> 00:03:26,548 More astonishingly, 65 00:03:26,572 --> 00:03:30,241 the device supposedly made the rider invisible from below 66 00:03:30,265 --> 00:03:32,730 and encased them in a bubble-like force field 67 00:03:32,754 --> 00:03:36,488 that nullified inertia and dynamic pressure. 68 00:03:36,785 --> 00:03:38,528 Despite the incredible claims 69 00:03:38,552 --> 00:03:41,301 and the profound implications of his work, 70 00:03:41,325 --> 00:03:44,401 Grebennikov faced skepticism and rejection 71 00:03:44,425 --> 00:03:46,841 from the scientific community. 72 00:03:47,093 --> 00:03:51,481 After his patent application in 1992 was denied, 73 00:03:51,506 --> 00:03:54,560 Grebennikov attempted to share his groundbreaking work 74 00:03:54,584 --> 00:03:55,812 through a book. 75 00:03:55,836 --> 00:03:59,644 This publication was intended to detail his discovery, 76 00:03:59,668 --> 00:04:03,815 outlining the principles and mechanisms behind his invention, 77 00:04:03,839 --> 00:04:07,211 supplemented by a wealth of full-color images 78 00:04:07,235 --> 00:04:09,308 and potentially including photographs 79 00:04:09,332 --> 00:04:12,566 from a museum demonstration of his device. 80 00:04:12,762 --> 00:04:15,789 However, in a turn of events that raises questions 81 00:04:15,814 --> 00:04:18,473 about the motives behind the decision, 82 00:04:18,497 --> 00:04:19,665 the publishers, 83 00:04:19,689 --> 00:04:22,734 potentially influenced by external pressures, 84 00:04:22,758 --> 00:04:26,696 significantly altered the book just before its release. 85 00:04:26,921 --> 00:04:29,961 This involved the removal of hundreds of images 86 00:04:29,985 --> 00:04:31,789 and all schematic details 87 00:04:31,813 --> 00:04:35,439 that were crucial for understanding Grebennikov's work. 88 00:04:35,606 --> 00:04:38,176 This situation begs the question: 89 00:04:38,200 --> 00:04:39,785 Why was Grebennikov, 90 00:04:39,809 --> 00:04:43,663 already under scrutiny and skepticism from his peers, 91 00:04:43,687 --> 00:04:45,419 subjected to further efforts 92 00:04:45,443 --> 00:04:48,910 that seemed to undermine the evidence of his invention? 93 00:04:49,152 --> 00:04:52,814 A longtime colleague of Grebennikov suggested that he was 94 00:04:52,838 --> 00:04:55,951 part of a so-called scientific underground, 95 00:04:55,975 --> 00:04:59,550 which faced opposition and perhaps even persecution 96 00:04:59,574 --> 00:05:02,011 from the established scientific community 97 00:05:02,035 --> 00:05:03,937 and government bodies. 98 00:05:04,171 --> 00:05:05,291 Perhaps, then, 99 00:05:05,315 --> 00:05:07,491 Grebennikov's inadvertent discovery 100 00:05:07,515 --> 00:05:10,911 was more profound and potentially disruptive 101 00:05:10,935 --> 00:05:13,186 than initially thought. 102 00:05:13,394 --> 00:05:16,517 It could be that his work touched upon a force or technology 103 00:05:16,550 --> 00:05:19,495 so significant that it was deemed too dangerous 104 00:05:19,519 --> 00:05:23,404 or too powerful to be allowed into the public domain, 105 00:05:23,428 --> 00:05:25,677 prompting efforts to bury his findings 106 00:05:25,701 --> 00:05:28,417 and silence the discussion around them. 107 00:05:30,134 --> 00:05:31,656 The Hemp Car. 108 00:05:32,648 --> 00:05:34,290 In the 1940s, 109 00:05:34,314 --> 00:05:39,157 amidst the turmoil of World War II and the rise of the industrial era, 110 00:05:39,181 --> 00:05:41,993 Henry Ford embarked on a groundbreaking project 111 00:05:42,018 --> 00:05:44,088 that diverged significantly 112 00:05:44,113 --> 00:05:47,036 from the automotive norms of his time. 113 00:05:47,478 --> 00:05:49,424 Known for his innovative spirit 114 00:05:49,448 --> 00:05:53,676 and the revolutionary assembly line production of the Model T, 115 00:05:53,700 --> 00:05:57,613 Ford turned his attention towards environmental sustainability 116 00:05:57,637 --> 00:06:00,582 long before it became a global concern. 117 00:06:00,777 --> 00:06:03,463 His vision materialized in the form of a car 118 00:06:03,487 --> 00:06:06,823 that was not only powered by biomass fuel 119 00:06:06,847 --> 00:06:08,968 but was also constructed from it, 120 00:06:08,992 --> 00:06:11,994 with hemp being the primary material. 121 00:06:14,181 --> 00:06:16,044 - A new idea from Ford, 122 00:06:16,068 --> 00:06:18,820 Ford 420, the new car made from weed! 123 00:06:18,844 --> 00:06:21,466 How can cops stop you for the possession of drugs 124 00:06:21,490 --> 00:06:23,823 when your car is made entirely out of it? 125 00:06:24,205 --> 00:06:26,676 - This initiative, while pioneering, 126 00:06:26,700 --> 00:06:28,827 found itself in the shadows, 127 00:06:28,851 --> 00:06:31,798 eclipsed by the dominant petroleum industry 128 00:06:31,822 --> 00:06:35,350 which was rapidly expanding its global footprint. 129 00:06:35,729 --> 00:06:38,395 Ford's interest in renewable resources 130 00:06:38,419 --> 00:06:40,298 and sustainable materials 131 00:06:40,323 --> 00:06:42,498 was not a sudden revelation. 132 00:06:42,756 --> 00:06:44,071 He had long advocated 133 00:06:44,095 --> 00:06:47,496 for the integration of agriculture with industry, 134 00:06:47,520 --> 00:06:49,260 believing that farms could serve 135 00:06:49,284 --> 00:06:53,359 as a vital source of raw materials for manufacturing. 136 00:06:53,667 --> 00:06:55,132 The concept of the Hemp Car 137 00:06:55,157 --> 00:06:58,114 was a direct manifestation of this belief, 138 00:06:58,138 --> 00:07:00,004 showcasing Ford's commitment 139 00:07:00,028 --> 00:07:03,745 to exploring alternative materials and fuels. 140 00:07:04,428 --> 00:07:07,486 The car's body was made from a composite material 141 00:07:07,510 --> 00:07:09,686 that included hemp fibers, 142 00:07:09,710 --> 00:07:12,817 which, when combined with other plant fibers, 143 00:07:12,841 --> 00:07:18,083 resulted in a lightweight, durable, and biodegradable product. 144 00:07:18,250 --> 00:07:21,877 This material was not only environmentally friendly 145 00:07:21,901 --> 00:07:27,507 but also boasted a tensile strength reportedly ten times that of steel, 146 00:07:27,531 --> 00:07:33,031 offering significant safety benefits alongside its ecological advantages. 147 00:07:33,265 --> 00:07:37,511 Moreover, the Hemp Car was designed to run on hemp biofuel, 148 00:07:37,535 --> 00:07:40,769 derived from the seeds of the cannabis plant. 149 00:07:40,961 --> 00:07:44,073 This choice of fuel was emblematic of Ford's vision 150 00:07:44,097 --> 00:07:47,610 for a future where automobiles would not be reliant 151 00:07:47,634 --> 00:07:50,579 on non-renewable energy sources. 152 00:07:50,700 --> 00:07:54,146 The use of hemp biofuel presented a sustainable, 153 00:07:54,171 --> 00:07:57,195 clean-burning alternative to gasoline, 154 00:07:57,219 --> 00:08:00,194 promising a reduction in harmful emissions 155 00:08:00,218 --> 00:08:03,657 and a move towards greater energy independence. 156 00:08:03,863 --> 00:08:07,387 The public unveiling of the Hemp Car in 1941 157 00:08:07,412 --> 00:08:10,971 was a spectacle that drew considerable attention. 158 00:08:11,213 --> 00:08:14,361 Ford demonstrated the resilience of the car's body 159 00:08:14,385 --> 00:08:16,202 through a sledgehammer test, 160 00:08:16,226 --> 00:08:20,621 where the material withstood blows without showing signs of damage, 161 00:08:20,645 --> 00:08:23,950 a testament to its remarkable durability. 162 00:08:24,109 --> 00:08:25,997 Despite the innovative features 163 00:08:26,021 --> 00:08:28,973 and the environmental benefits of the Hemp Car, 164 00:08:28,997 --> 00:08:33,201 the project did not progress beyond its initial demonstration. 165 00:08:33,225 --> 00:08:35,788 The reasons for this are manifold, 166 00:08:35,812 --> 00:08:38,544 with the prevailing petroleum interests of the time 167 00:08:38,568 --> 00:08:40,954 playing a significant role. 168 00:08:41,226 --> 00:08:45,142 The mid-20th century marked a period of rapid expansion 169 00:08:45,166 --> 00:08:46,841 for the oil industry, 170 00:08:46,865 --> 00:08:50,826 with petroleum becoming the lifeblood of the global economy. 171 00:08:51,131 --> 00:08:53,868 This shift towards oil-based energy sources 172 00:08:53,892 --> 00:08:58,339 created an environment where alternative fuels and materials, 173 00:08:58,363 --> 00:09:00,632 such as those proposed by Ford, 174 00:09:00,656 --> 00:09:02,426 faced significant obstacles 175 00:09:02,450 --> 00:09:05,567 in terms of acceptance and implementation. 176 00:09:05,950 --> 00:09:09,679 The economic and political clout of the petroleum industry, 177 00:09:09,704 --> 00:09:12,284 coupled with its strategic importance, 178 00:09:12,308 --> 00:09:16,019 meant that initiatives like the Hemp Car were sidelined. 179 00:09:16,294 --> 00:09:19,001 The legal and cultural landscape of the time 180 00:09:19,025 --> 00:09:21,992 also contributed to the project's demise, 181 00:09:22,016 --> 00:09:25,231 with hemp cultivation facing increasing restrictions 182 00:09:25,255 --> 00:09:27,082 due to its association 183 00:09:27,106 --> 00:09:30,508 with psychoactive strains of cannabis. 184 00:09:30,670 --> 00:09:34,370 These factors, combined with the onset of World War II 185 00:09:34,394 --> 00:09:37,542 and the subsequent shift in industrial priorities, 186 00:09:37,566 --> 00:09:41,502 led to the Hemp Car project being largely forgotten. 187 00:09:43,163 --> 00:09:45,276 The Radiant Energy Device. 188 00:09:46,251 --> 00:09:47,761 In the 1930s, 189 00:09:47,785 --> 00:09:50,216 a period marked by scientific breakthroughs 190 00:09:50,240 --> 00:09:52,624 and the burgeoning of modern physics, 191 00:09:52,648 --> 00:09:55,591 an inventor named T. Henry Moray 192 00:09:55,615 --> 00:09:56,880 introduced a device 193 00:09:56,904 --> 00:10:01,101 that he claimed could harness the boundless energy of the cosmos. 194 00:10:01,125 --> 00:10:04,352 This Radiant Energy Device, as Moray described it, 195 00:10:04,376 --> 00:10:08,712 was purported to tap into the unseen forces of the universe, 196 00:10:08,736 --> 00:10:11,559 offering a limitless source of power that could 197 00:10:11,583 --> 00:10:16,569 potentially revolutionize the way humanity generated and used energy. 198 00:10:16,753 --> 00:10:19,740 However, despite its promising premise, 199 00:10:19,764 --> 00:10:22,711 Moray's invention was met with skepticism, 200 00:10:22,735 --> 00:10:25,840 discreditation, and even sabotage, 201 00:10:25,864 --> 00:10:27,577 leading to a contentious chapter 202 00:10:27,601 --> 00:10:31,227 in the history of alternative energy research. 203 00:10:31,461 --> 00:10:34,042 Moray, an electrical engineer and physicist 204 00:10:34,067 --> 00:10:36,309 from Salt Lake City, Utah, 205 00:10:36,334 --> 00:10:40,546 was deeply influenced by the pioneering work of Nikola Tesla 206 00:10:40,571 --> 00:10:43,035 and other scientists who explored the frontiers 207 00:10:43,059 --> 00:10:46,493 of electromagnetism and radioactivity. 208 00:10:46,626 --> 00:10:48,618 Drawing on these influences, 209 00:10:48,643 --> 00:10:51,217 Moray theorized that the space around us 210 00:10:51,242 --> 00:10:53,691 is filled with a form of energy that, 211 00:10:53,716 --> 00:10:55,645 if properly harnessed, 212 00:10:55,670 --> 00:10:59,092 could provide an inexhaustible power source. 213 00:10:59,117 --> 00:11:00,084 His device, 214 00:11:00,109 --> 00:11:03,526 which he began developing in the early 1920s, 215 00:11:03,551 --> 00:11:07,727 aimed to convert this cosmic energy into electrical power, 216 00:11:07,751 --> 00:11:12,127 using a complex arrangement of semiconductors, capacitors, 217 00:11:12,151 --> 00:11:14,671 and other electrical components. 218 00:11:14,813 --> 00:11:18,484 The core of Moray's invention was a special valve, 219 00:11:18,508 --> 00:11:20,890 a semiconductive material that he claimed 220 00:11:20,914 --> 00:11:23,733 could absorb radiant energy from the environment 221 00:11:23,758 --> 00:11:26,992 and convert it into high-voltage electricity. 222 00:11:27,200 --> 00:11:29,630 This process, according to Moray, 223 00:11:29,654 --> 00:11:32,797 did not violate the laws of thermodynamics, 224 00:11:32,821 --> 00:11:35,361 as it merely converted existing energy 225 00:11:35,385 --> 00:11:37,430 from one form to another. 226 00:11:37,653 --> 00:11:41,193 He demonstrated his device on numerous occasions, 227 00:11:41,217 --> 00:11:45,202 reportedly powering lights, radios, and motors 228 00:11:45,226 --> 00:11:46,340 in front of witnesses 229 00:11:46,364 --> 00:11:49,948 without any apparent external power source. 230 00:11:50,064 --> 00:11:52,070 Despite these demonstrations, 231 00:11:52,094 --> 00:11:57,382 the scientific community remained largely skeptical of Moray's claims. 232 00:11:57,406 --> 00:12:00,360 Critics argued that the device's operation 233 00:12:00,384 --> 00:12:01,797 and the theory behind it 234 00:12:01,821 --> 00:12:05,164 were not adequately explained or documented 235 00:12:05,188 --> 00:12:09,766 in a manner that could be independently verified or replicated. 236 00:12:09,791 --> 00:12:12,822 The lack of a clear theoretical framework that 237 00:12:12,846 --> 00:12:15,191 aligned with established physics 238 00:12:15,215 --> 00:12:17,343 further fueled skepticism, 239 00:12:17,368 --> 00:12:22,445 as did Moray's reluctance to disclose the full details of his invention, 240 00:12:22,469 --> 00:12:25,261 citing concerns over intellectual property 241 00:12:25,285 --> 00:12:27,587 and the potential for misuse. 242 00:12:27,611 --> 00:12:30,419 The situation was further complicated by 243 00:12:30,443 --> 00:12:33,951 allegations of sabotage and persecution. 244 00:12:34,184 --> 00:12:37,082 Moray reported that his work had attracted the attention 245 00:12:37,106 --> 00:12:40,716 of powerful interests who sought to suppress his invention, 246 00:12:40,740 --> 00:12:44,280 fearing its impact on the existing energy sector. 247 00:12:44,430 --> 00:12:46,173 He claimed to have been threatened, 248 00:12:46,197 --> 00:12:47,902 his laboratory ransacked, 249 00:12:47,926 --> 00:12:51,792 and his equipment damaged in attempts to halt his research. 250 00:12:52,034 --> 00:12:53,592 As the years passed, 251 00:12:53,616 --> 00:12:58,164 Moray continued to refine his device and advocate for its potential, 252 00:12:58,188 --> 00:13:00,931 but he was unable to secure the support needed 253 00:13:00,955 --> 00:13:03,506 to bring his invention to fruition. 254 00:13:03,881 --> 00:13:05,456 After Moray's death, 255 00:13:05,481 --> 00:13:08,246 his invention faded into obscurity, 256 00:13:08,271 --> 00:13:10,498 remembered more as a curious footnote 257 00:13:10,523 --> 00:13:13,059 in the annals of alternative energy 258 00:13:13,084 --> 00:13:17,210 than as the revolutionary breakthrough he had envisioned. 259 00:13:18,930 --> 00:13:20,725 Perpetual Motion. 260 00:13:21,691 --> 00:13:25,026 Viktor Schauberger, an Austrian forester, 261 00:13:25,050 --> 00:13:26,972 naturalist, and inventor, 262 00:13:26,996 --> 00:13:29,318 spent a significant portion of his life 263 00:13:29,342 --> 00:13:33,517 studying the dynamics of water flow and natural energy. 264 00:13:33,726 --> 00:13:35,828 Born in 1885, 265 00:13:35,852 --> 00:13:38,636 Schauberger's observations of the natural world 266 00:13:38,660 --> 00:13:42,018 led him to develop theories and inventions that 267 00:13:42,042 --> 00:13:45,139 many have since associated with the concept of 268 00:13:45,163 --> 00:13:46,950 perpetual motion, 269 00:13:46,974 --> 00:13:52,190 a principle proposing a machine or system that can operate indefinitely 270 00:13:52,215 --> 00:13:54,957 without an external source of energy. 271 00:13:55,265 --> 00:13:57,302 It's crucial to note, however, 272 00:13:57,326 --> 00:14:00,240 that Schauberger himself never claimed to have developed 273 00:14:00,264 --> 00:14:02,782 perpetual motion machines. 274 00:14:02,806 --> 00:14:03,766 Instead, 275 00:14:03,790 --> 00:14:07,056 his focus was on understanding and utilizing 276 00:14:07,080 --> 00:14:09,688 the "natural power" of the Earth, 277 00:14:09,712 --> 00:14:12,547 particularly vortices in water flow, 278 00:14:12,571 --> 00:14:16,515 which he believed could be harnessed for beneficial purposes. 279 00:14:16,539 --> 00:14:18,876 Schauberger's approach was deeply rooted 280 00:14:18,900 --> 00:14:21,258 in his observation of nature. 281 00:14:21,542 --> 00:14:24,757 He believed that modern technology and engineering 282 00:14:24,781 --> 00:14:28,919 ignored the harmonious principles found in natural systems, 283 00:14:28,943 --> 00:14:30,823 which, according to him, 284 00:14:30,847 --> 00:14:32,590 could lead to energy generation 285 00:14:32,614 --> 00:14:35,845 without the cost of environmental degradation. 286 00:14:36,047 --> 00:14:37,848 His famous aphorism, 287 00:14:37,872 --> 00:14:40,844 "Understand nature, then copy nature," 288 00:14:40,868 --> 00:14:43,547 reflects the core of his philosophy. 289 00:14:43,680 --> 00:14:45,993 Schauberger argued that water, 290 00:14:46,018 --> 00:14:48,279 when allowed to flow in a vortex, 291 00:14:48,303 --> 00:14:51,438 could create its own energy through implosion, 292 00:14:51,462 --> 00:14:56,187 a concept that stood in contrast to the explosion-based technologies 293 00:14:56,212 --> 00:14:58,129 like combustion engines, 294 00:14:58,153 --> 00:15:00,700 which dominate human technology. 295 00:15:00,948 --> 00:15:03,670 One of Schauberger's most notable contributions 296 00:15:03,694 --> 00:15:07,307 was his research into vortex dynamics. 297 00:15:07,331 --> 00:15:10,651 He observed that water in rivers and streams, 298 00:15:10,676 --> 00:15:14,075 naturally follows a meandering, spiral path, 299 00:15:14,099 --> 00:15:17,443 and posited that this motion is essential for maintaining 300 00:15:17,467 --> 00:15:20,242 the water's vitality and energy. 301 00:15:20,550 --> 00:15:22,473 By mimicking these patterns, 302 00:15:22,497 --> 00:15:24,907 Schauberger invented several devices 303 00:15:24,932 --> 00:15:28,135 intended to produce energy or propulsion. 304 00:15:28,321 --> 00:15:30,695 His Repulsine, for example, 305 00:15:30,719 --> 00:15:34,756 was a saucer-shaped machine designed to generate propulsion 306 00:15:34,780 --> 00:15:39,292 through a series of specially designed wave-like patterns that would create 307 00:15:39,316 --> 00:15:42,256 a vortex of air or water. 308 00:15:42,556 --> 00:15:45,626 This device captured the imagination of many, 309 00:15:45,650 --> 00:15:48,115 leading to speculation that Schauberger 310 00:15:48,139 --> 00:15:53,139 had unlocked the secrets of perpetual motion and free energy. 311 00:15:53,356 --> 00:15:58,028 His work attracted the attention of the Nazi regime during World War II, 312 00:15:58,053 --> 00:16:00,311 and there are accounts of him being coerced 313 00:16:00,335 --> 00:16:03,726 into developing his inventions for military use, 314 00:16:03,750 --> 00:16:07,160 an experience that reportedly left him disillusioned 315 00:16:07,185 --> 00:16:11,376 and wary of the potential misuse of his discoveries. 316 00:16:11,609 --> 00:16:15,114 After the war, Schauberger continued his research, 317 00:16:15,138 --> 00:16:18,371 but his inventions never achieved the commercial success 318 00:16:18,395 --> 00:16:21,653 or scientific recognition he hoped for. 319 00:16:21,836 --> 00:16:25,841 The controversy surrounding Schauberger's work intensified 320 00:16:25,865 --> 00:16:29,719 after he was taken into custody by US intelligence agents 321 00:16:29,744 --> 00:16:31,822 and held for 9 months. 322 00:16:31,847 --> 00:16:33,255 During this period, 323 00:16:33,279 --> 00:16:36,676 all of his documents and prototypes were confiscated, 324 00:16:36,700 --> 00:16:38,966 and he was interrogated about his inventions 325 00:16:38,990 --> 00:16:41,482 and his activities during the war. 326 00:16:41,648 --> 00:16:45,349 This episode has fueled speculation suggesting that 327 00:16:45,373 --> 00:16:49,363 Schauberger's innovations in harnessing natural energies 328 00:16:49,387 --> 00:16:51,145 were of such potential 329 00:16:51,169 --> 00:16:54,894 that they were considered a threat to the established scientific, 330 00:16:54,918 --> 00:16:57,273 economic, and political order, 331 00:16:57,297 --> 00:17:01,326 leading to their alleged suppression by the US government. 332 00:17:02,726 --> 00:17:04,382 Coral Castle. 333 00:17:05,498 --> 00:17:08,721 Coral Castle is an oolitic limestone structure 334 00:17:08,745 --> 00:17:11,124 located in Homestead, Florida, 335 00:17:11,148 --> 00:17:14,809 and stands as one of the most mysterious architectural feats 336 00:17:14,833 --> 00:17:16,717 of the 20th century. 337 00:17:17,117 --> 00:17:19,998 Created single-handedly by Edward Leedskalnin 338 00:17:20,022 --> 00:17:23,517 from 1923 to 1951, 339 00:17:23,542 --> 00:17:29,090 this monumental structure weighs approximately 1,100 tons. 340 00:17:29,115 --> 00:17:31,649 The technology behind Coral Castle, 341 00:17:31,673 --> 00:17:35,176 as well as the techniques employed by Leedskalnin, 342 00:17:35,200 --> 00:17:38,930 remain subjects of speculation and intrigue, 343 00:17:38,954 --> 00:17:41,612 with theories ranging from ancient sciences 344 00:17:41,636 --> 00:17:44,086 to unknown forms of energy. 345 00:17:44,336 --> 00:17:48,869 Edward Leedskalnin's early life was marked by profound heartbreak, 346 00:17:48,893 --> 00:17:54,349 after he was rejected by his 16-year-old fiancée in Latvia. 347 00:17:54,540 --> 00:17:57,508 He then embarked on a journey to the United States, 348 00:17:57,532 --> 00:18:01,515 where he was later diagnosed with terminal tuberculosis. 349 00:18:01,539 --> 00:18:02,964 Remarkably, however, 350 00:18:02,988 --> 00:18:06,251 he claimed to have cured himself using magnets, 351 00:18:06,275 --> 00:18:10,094 which also marked the beginning of the mysterious construction 352 00:18:10,118 --> 00:18:11,747 of Coral Castle. 353 00:18:12,147 --> 00:18:14,940 He began to build what he initially called 354 00:18:14,964 --> 00:18:16,833 "Rock Gate Park," 355 00:18:16,857 --> 00:18:20,054 dedicating it to the lost love of his life. 356 00:18:20,416 --> 00:18:21,566 Leedskalnin, 357 00:18:21,590 --> 00:18:26,403 who stood just over 5 feet tall and weighed only 100 pounds, 358 00:18:26,428 --> 00:18:28,953 worked alone, mostly at night, 359 00:18:28,977 --> 00:18:31,535 so no one could see his methods. 360 00:18:31,559 --> 00:18:34,562 He claimed to have discovered the secrets of the pyramids, 361 00:18:34,586 --> 00:18:38,447 which allowed him to move and carve massive stones. 362 00:18:38,976 --> 00:18:41,935 The stones used in the construction are massive, 363 00:18:41,959 --> 00:18:45,579 with some blocks weighing as much as 30 tons. 364 00:18:45,843 --> 00:18:46,950 Stunningly, 365 00:18:46,974 --> 00:18:51,056 local teenagers who claimed to have seen Leedskalnin work at night 366 00:18:51,080 --> 00:18:54,905 described how they observed the massive stones moving as if 367 00:18:54,929 --> 00:18:58,159 manipulated by some supernatural force. 368 00:18:58,471 --> 00:19:00,374 Many speculated that he employed 369 00:19:00,398 --> 00:19:03,317 some form of ancient technology or knowledge 370 00:19:03,341 --> 00:19:05,476 that has since been lost to time. 371 00:19:05,834 --> 00:19:08,489 Leedskalnin was secretive about his methods, 372 00:19:08,513 --> 00:19:11,324 but he did offer some clues. 373 00:19:11,348 --> 00:19:15,568 He suggested that he understood the laws of weight and leverage well, 374 00:19:15,592 --> 00:19:17,065 and photographs from the time 375 00:19:17,089 --> 00:19:20,276 show him using tripods made from timber. 376 00:19:20,390 --> 00:19:24,327 However, these tools seem insufficient for the task, 377 00:19:24,351 --> 00:19:27,876 leading to theories that Leedskalnin had a deep understanding 378 00:19:27,900 --> 00:19:29,592 of magnetic forces 379 00:19:29,616 --> 00:19:33,435 and used this knowledge to lift and move the stones. 380 00:19:33,644 --> 00:19:37,032 One popular theory about Coral Castle's construction 381 00:19:37,056 --> 00:19:40,235 involves the use of electromagnetic energy 382 00:19:40,259 --> 00:19:42,513 or Earth's magnetic field. 383 00:19:42,779 --> 00:19:46,961 Leedskalnin published several pamphlets on magnetic currents, 384 00:19:46,986 --> 00:19:48,689 indicating his deep interest 385 00:19:48,713 --> 00:19:51,754 and possible reliance on magnetic forces 386 00:19:51,778 --> 00:19:54,374 for the construction of Coral Castle. 387 00:19:54,591 --> 00:19:58,628 He believed that all matter consisted of individual magnets 388 00:19:58,652 --> 00:20:00,882 and that this inherent magnetism 389 00:20:00,906 --> 00:20:05,263 could be harnessed to achieve seemingly impossible feats. 390 00:20:05,287 --> 00:20:07,925 - So if you reverse the magnet forces 391 00:20:07,949 --> 00:20:12,179 with a force of some kind of electromagnetic 392 00:20:12,203 --> 00:20:14,547 radio, perhaps, frequency, 393 00:20:14,571 --> 00:20:18,786 you can then make these rocks not as heavy 394 00:20:18,810 --> 00:20:22,216 as they seem otherwise and therefore you can lift them. 395 00:20:22,242 --> 00:20:27,156 - Another theory suggests that Leedskalnin used acoustic levitation, 396 00:20:27,179 --> 00:20:31,918 a method that uses sound waves to lift and move objects. 397 00:20:31,943 --> 00:20:33,425 Some researchers propose 398 00:20:33,449 --> 00:20:37,235 that by tuning into the resonance frequency of the stones, 399 00:20:37,259 --> 00:20:40,636 Leedskalnin could have made them easier to move. 400 00:20:40,660 --> 00:20:43,335 This theory is supported by ancient legends 401 00:20:43,359 --> 00:20:46,780 and modern experiments that demonstrate the potential of sound 402 00:20:46,804 --> 00:20:49,553 to manipulate physical objects. 403 00:20:49,738 --> 00:20:51,471 Despite these theories, 404 00:20:51,495 --> 00:20:53,838 no definitive evidence has been found 405 00:20:53,862 --> 00:20:58,978 to conclusively explain how Leedskalnin constructed Coral Castle. 406 00:20:59,253 --> 00:21:02,679 The secrecy surrounding his methods and the lack of eyewitnesses 407 00:21:02,703 --> 00:21:05,037 have only deepened the mystery. 408 00:21:05,637 --> 00:21:06,579 Today, 409 00:21:06,603 --> 00:21:10,958 Coral Castle serves as a museum and tourist attraction, 410 00:21:10,982 --> 00:21:12,998 drawing visitors from around the world 411 00:21:13,022 --> 00:21:17,806 who are fascinated by its history and the mystery of its construction. 412 00:21:18,181 --> 00:21:20,753 The technology behind Coral Castle 413 00:21:20,777 --> 00:21:25,205 remains one of the great unsolved mysteries of the modern world. 414 00:21:26,952 --> 00:21:28,829 The WASP X-Jet. 415 00:21:29,846 --> 00:21:33,154 The quest for innovative Vertical Take Off and Landing, 416 00:21:33,178 --> 00:21:35,035 VTOL systems 417 00:21:35,059 --> 00:21:38,506 has led to numerous experimental designs, 418 00:21:38,531 --> 00:21:42,351 one of the most intriguing being the Williams X-Jet. 419 00:21:42,489 --> 00:21:44,669 Developed by Williams International, 420 00:21:44,693 --> 00:21:47,623 a company recognized for its engineering prowess 421 00:21:47,647 --> 00:21:49,948 in turbofan technology, 422 00:21:49,973 --> 00:21:54,384 the X-Jet emerged as a groundbreaking VTOL system. 423 00:21:54,566 --> 00:21:57,950 Also known as The Williams Aerial Systems Platform, 424 00:21:57,975 --> 00:22:00,004 or the WASP, 425 00:22:00,028 --> 00:22:02,297 this compact, lightweight aircraft 426 00:22:02,321 --> 00:22:05,476 was powered by a turbofan aircraft engine, 427 00:22:05,500 --> 00:22:09,137 showcasing a blend of simplicity and advanced engineering 428 00:22:09,161 --> 00:22:13,428 that set it apart from other VTOL concepts of its time. 429 00:22:13,899 --> 00:22:16,369 It was designed to carry a single operator 430 00:22:16,394 --> 00:22:17,953 who could control the aircraft 431 00:22:17,977 --> 00:22:21,625 by simply leaning in the desired direction of travel 432 00:22:21,649 --> 00:22:23,457 and adjusting the power. 433 00:22:23,665 --> 00:22:26,466 This intuitive control mechanism, 434 00:22:26,490 --> 00:22:29,170 combined with the X-Jet's agility, 435 00:22:29,194 --> 00:22:32,106 allowed for movements in any direction, 436 00:22:32,131 --> 00:22:37,235 rapid acceleration, hovering, and rotation on its axis. 437 00:22:37,259 --> 00:22:39,852 The aircraft boasted an impressive capability 438 00:22:39,876 --> 00:22:43,284 to stay aloft for up to 45 minutes, 439 00:22:43,309 --> 00:22:46,300 reaching speeds of up to 60 miles per hour, 440 00:22:46,324 --> 00:22:50,448 making it an exceptional vehicle for personal transportation. 441 00:22:50,673 --> 00:22:54,011 Despite its innovative design and capabilities, 442 00:22:54,035 --> 00:22:57,940 the Williams X-Jet's journey was not without challenges. 443 00:22:58,181 --> 00:22:59,794 In the 1980s, 444 00:22:59,818 --> 00:23:04,917 the U.S. Army evaluated the X-Jet as part of its ongoing exploration 445 00:23:04,941 --> 00:23:08,034 of new VTOL technologies. 446 00:23:08,117 --> 00:23:10,185 The military's interest in such systems 447 00:23:10,209 --> 00:23:13,549 was driven by the potential for enhanced mobility 448 00:23:13,573 --> 00:23:15,902 and flexibility on the battlefield, 449 00:23:15,926 --> 00:23:20,925 beyond what conventional helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft could offer. 450 00:23:21,052 --> 00:23:23,902 The X-Jet presented an intriguing option 451 00:23:23,927 --> 00:23:26,661 for individual soldier mobility. 452 00:23:26,953 --> 00:23:30,016 However, after thorough evaluation, 453 00:23:30,040 --> 00:23:33,393 the U.S. Army concluded that the Williams X-Jet, 454 00:23:33,417 --> 00:23:34,730 while innovative, 455 00:23:34,754 --> 00:23:38,613 was inferior to the capabilities provided by helicopters 456 00:23:38,637 --> 00:23:41,192 and small unmanned aircraft. 457 00:23:41,467 --> 00:23:44,393 The decision was based on several factors, 458 00:23:44,417 --> 00:23:48,391 including the X-Jet's limited range and payload capacity 459 00:23:48,415 --> 00:23:51,865 compared to helicopters and the rapidly advancing technology 460 00:23:51,889 --> 00:23:55,939 of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), 461 00:23:55,964 --> 00:24:00,352 which offered greater versatility without risking a pilot's life. 462 00:24:00,639 --> 00:24:01,725 Additionally, 463 00:24:01,749 --> 00:24:04,818 the operational complexities and training requirements 464 00:24:04,842 --> 00:24:07,168 for safely piloting the X-Jet 465 00:24:07,192 --> 00:24:09,024 presented logistical challenges 466 00:24:09,048 --> 00:24:12,406 for its integration into military operations. 467 00:24:12,685 --> 00:24:15,189 Although this technology wasn't suppressed 468 00:24:15,213 --> 00:24:18,437 and it would be an improvement in people's daily life, 469 00:24:18,461 --> 00:24:20,978 it wasn't utilized as it was too expensive 470 00:24:21,002 --> 00:24:23,351 and relatively hard to fly. 471 00:24:23,726 --> 00:24:28,222 The exploration of VTOL technology continues to evolve, 472 00:24:28,246 --> 00:24:30,729 with new designs and concepts emerging 473 00:24:30,753 --> 00:24:33,398 that build upon the foundational work of projects 474 00:24:33,422 --> 00:24:35,966 like the Williams X-Jet. 475 00:24:36,980 --> 00:24:38,393 The Cloudbuster. 476 00:24:39,193 --> 00:24:43,345 Although we already talked about Wilhelm Reich's orgone accumulator, 477 00:24:43,369 --> 00:24:47,779 the healing device that used orgone energy to cure many people, 478 00:24:47,803 --> 00:24:50,845 this wasn't the only invention made by Reich. 479 00:24:51,103 --> 00:24:53,321 His interest in orgone energy 480 00:24:53,345 --> 00:24:55,270 led him to believe that this energy 481 00:24:55,294 --> 00:24:58,003 could be harnessed for various purposes, 482 00:24:58,028 --> 00:25:00,549 including the manipulation of weather. 483 00:25:00,897 --> 00:25:02,309 According to Reich, 484 00:25:02,333 --> 00:25:05,558 orgone energy was present throughout the atmosphere 485 00:25:05,582 --> 00:25:07,657 and could be concentrated and directed 486 00:25:07,681 --> 00:25:10,020 to dissolve cloud formations, 487 00:25:10,045 --> 00:25:12,467 thereby inducing rainfall. 488 00:25:12,742 --> 00:25:16,270 The Cloudbuster device, developed in the 1950s, 489 00:25:16,294 --> 00:25:19,533 was the practical application of his theories. 490 00:25:19,557 --> 00:25:21,863 It consisted of a set of hollow tubes 491 00:25:21,887 --> 00:25:25,117 connected to cables that were immersed in water, 492 00:25:25,141 --> 00:25:29,349 which Reich claimed could draw orgone energy from the atmosphere 493 00:25:29,373 --> 00:25:33,204 and direct it to disperse cloud cover or, conversely, 494 00:25:33,228 --> 00:25:36,036 to form clouds and precipitate rain. 495 00:25:36,765 --> 00:25:40,277 Reich conducted several experiments with the Cloudbuster, 496 00:25:40,301 --> 00:25:44,364 claiming successes in rainmaking in various locations, 497 00:25:44,388 --> 00:25:47,054 including a well-documented experiment 498 00:25:47,078 --> 00:25:49,338 at a blueberry farm in Maine, 499 00:25:49,479 --> 00:25:51,501 where he alleged to have broken a drought 500 00:25:51,525 --> 00:25:53,192 and saved the crop. 501 00:25:53,575 --> 00:25:56,001 These experiments attracted attention, 502 00:25:56,026 --> 00:25:58,257 not all of which was positive. 503 00:25:58,597 --> 00:26:00,958 Critics dismissed Reich's claims, 504 00:26:00,982 --> 00:26:05,401 citing a lack of scientific rigor and reproducible results, 505 00:26:05,426 --> 00:26:08,443 while supporters hailed the potential of the Cloudbuster 506 00:26:08,467 --> 00:26:12,375 to address drought and other weather-related challenges. 507 00:26:12,859 --> 00:26:14,940 The legal and governmental challenges 508 00:26:14,964 --> 00:26:19,558 faced by Reich and his Cloudbuster project were, in part, 509 00:26:19,582 --> 00:26:22,015 a consequence of the broader controversy 510 00:26:22,039 --> 00:26:25,081 surrounding his work on orgone energy. 511 00:26:25,256 --> 00:26:29,034 The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 512 00:26:29,058 --> 00:26:32,742 initiated an investigation into Reich's practices, 513 00:26:32,766 --> 00:26:37,158 particularly his claims regarding the health benefits of orgone energy 514 00:26:37,183 --> 00:26:39,654 and the use of orgone accumulators – 515 00:26:39,678 --> 00:26:43,461 devices designed to concentrate and harness orgone energy 516 00:26:43,485 --> 00:26:45,746 for therapeutic purposes. 517 00:26:46,096 --> 00:26:49,242 The FDA's scrutiny extended to the Cloudbuster 518 00:26:49,266 --> 00:26:53,871 as part of its broader campaign against Reich's orgonomic research. 519 00:26:54,067 --> 00:26:58,317 In 1956, following a series of legal battles, 520 00:26:58,342 --> 00:27:01,593 Reich was sentenced to prison for contempt of court, 521 00:27:01,617 --> 00:27:03,899 related to his refusal to comply 522 00:27:03,923 --> 00:27:06,359 with an injunction against the distribution 523 00:27:06,383 --> 00:27:08,767 of orgone-related materials. 524 00:27:08,909 --> 00:27:12,028 The controversy surrounding the Cloudbuster was thus 525 00:27:12,052 --> 00:27:16,214 intertwined with the wider legal actions against Reich, 526 00:27:16,238 --> 00:27:19,547 which culminated in the destruction of his publications 527 00:27:19,571 --> 00:27:22,750 and orgone accumulators by the FDA – 528 00:27:22,900 --> 00:27:26,009 an act that has been described by some as 529 00:27:26,034 --> 00:27:30,220 a dark moment in the annals of scientific censorship. 530 00:27:31,632 --> 00:27:33,582 The Original Electric Car. 531 00:27:34,810 --> 00:27:38,190 The tale of the General Motors EV1, 532 00:27:38,215 --> 00:27:41,565 the world's first mass-produced electric car, 533 00:27:41,590 --> 00:27:45,806 is a clear example of the suppression of emerging technologies 534 00:27:45,831 --> 00:27:48,444 due to industrial interests. 535 00:27:48,468 --> 00:27:50,892 Launched in the late 1990s, 536 00:27:50,916 --> 00:27:55,717 the EV1 represented a bold foray into electric mobility, 537 00:27:55,741 --> 00:27:58,185 a glimpse into a future where automobiles 538 00:27:58,210 --> 00:28:01,288 no longer relied on fossil fuels. 539 00:28:01,430 --> 00:28:05,980 However, the journey of the EV1 was abruptly halted, 540 00:28:06,005 --> 00:28:09,402 sparking debates that continue to resonate today, 541 00:28:09,426 --> 00:28:13,300 especially in the context of the 2006 documentary, 542 00:28:13,325 --> 00:28:15,400 "Who Killed the Electric Car?" 543 00:28:15,658 --> 00:28:18,148 The EV1 emerged from General Motors 544 00:28:18,172 --> 00:28:21,609 as a pioneering effort to address the growing concerns 545 00:28:21,633 --> 00:28:24,761 over air pollution, oil dependency, 546 00:28:24,786 --> 00:28:28,662 and the environmental impact of conventional vehicles. 547 00:28:28,688 --> 00:28:31,582 With 800 units available for lease, 548 00:28:31,607 --> 00:28:35,198 the EV1 quickly garnered a dedicated following, 549 00:28:35,222 --> 00:28:38,340 appreciated for its innovation, efficiency, 550 00:28:38,364 --> 00:28:40,411 and the statement it made about the potential 551 00:28:40,435 --> 00:28:42,877 for a cleaner automotive future. 552 00:28:43,102 --> 00:28:46,059 Yet, despite the enthusiasm it generated 553 00:28:46,083 --> 00:28:49,842 among a niche group of environmentally conscious drivers, 554 00:28:49,866 --> 00:28:54,920 General Motors announced the end of the EV1 line in 1999, 555 00:28:54,945 --> 00:28:57,850 a mere few years after its introduction. 556 00:28:58,581 --> 00:29:04,682 Their cause for discontinuing the EV1 centered on economic considerations, 557 00:29:04,707 --> 00:29:08,428 primarily the limited driving range of the car's batteries, 558 00:29:08,452 --> 00:29:11,050 which they argued made the vehicle unprofitable 559 00:29:11,074 --> 00:29:13,341 to produce and maintain. 560 00:29:13,449 --> 00:29:15,216 According to General Motors, 561 00:29:15,240 --> 00:29:18,942 the technology at the time could not meet consumer expectations 562 00:29:18,966 --> 00:29:20,958 for range and convenience, 563 00:29:20,982 --> 00:29:24,338 making the EV1 a challenging proposition 564 00:29:24,362 --> 00:29:26,555 for widespread adoption. 565 00:29:26,830 --> 00:29:30,712 However, this explanation did not satisfy many observers. 566 00:29:30,736 --> 00:29:33,036 Skeptics and supporters of the EV 567 00:29:33,060 --> 00:29:35,971 speculated that there were other forces at play, 568 00:29:35,995 --> 00:29:39,358 specifically the influence of the oil industry. 569 00:29:39,583 --> 00:29:42,104 The argument goes that oil companies, 570 00:29:42,128 --> 00:29:45,018 whose business model relies on the continued dominance 571 00:29:45,042 --> 00:29:48,146 of internal combustion engine vehicles, 572 00:29:48,170 --> 00:29:51,738 viewed the advent of electric cars like the EV 573 00:29:51,762 --> 00:29:55,424 as a direct threat to their profits and market position. 574 00:29:55,624 --> 00:29:57,545 According to this perspective, 575 00:29:57,569 --> 00:29:59,456 pressure from these powerful interests 576 00:29:59,480 --> 00:30:03,320 led General Motors to not only discontinue the EV 577 00:30:03,344 --> 00:30:08,069 but also to take extraordinary measures to erase its existence. 578 00:30:08,307 --> 00:30:14,034 A policy was issued by General Motors to hunt and destroy every last EV1. 579 00:30:14,259 --> 00:30:16,216 Rather than allowing the leased vehicles 580 00:30:16,240 --> 00:30:18,685 to remain with their enthusiastic users 581 00:30:18,709 --> 00:30:22,092 or preserving them as part of automotive history, 582 00:30:22,116 --> 00:30:26,991 General Motors systematically retrieved and crushed the EV1s, 583 00:30:27,016 --> 00:30:29,228 effectively ensuring that the technology 584 00:30:29,253 --> 00:30:32,944 would not advance beyond its prototype stage. 585 00:30:33,178 --> 00:30:35,905 This decision has been interpreted by many 586 00:30:35,929 --> 00:30:37,879 as an attempt to stifle the development 587 00:30:37,903 --> 00:30:40,295 of electric vehicle technology, 588 00:30:40,319 --> 00:30:42,457 keeping it from challenging the status quo 589 00:30:42,481 --> 00:30:44,433 of the automotive market. 590 00:30:44,808 --> 00:30:45,612 Today, 591 00:30:45,636 --> 00:30:49,869 as electric vehicles gain increasing market share and acceptance, 592 00:30:49,893 --> 00:30:52,232 the story of the EV1, 593 00:30:52,256 --> 00:30:54,901 with all its controversy and mystery, 594 00:30:54,925 --> 00:30:57,756 underscores the notion that the path to progress 595 00:30:57,780 --> 00:31:00,665 is often unplugged and uncertain. 596 00:31:02,009 --> 00:31:03,595 Project XA. 597 00:31:04,200 --> 00:31:09,130 The story of Dr James D. Mold and his cancer-free cigarettes 598 00:31:09,155 --> 00:31:11,927 is one that would incense every smoker 599 00:31:11,951 --> 00:31:14,282 and every person who has lost a loved one 600 00:31:14,306 --> 00:31:16,968 due to the effects of tobacco smoking. 601 00:31:17,206 --> 00:31:19,279 The history of cigarette advertising 602 00:31:19,303 --> 00:31:21,612 and the tobacco industry's practices 603 00:31:21,636 --> 00:31:24,513 regarding the disclosure of health risks 604 00:31:24,537 --> 00:31:26,508 is a controversial chapter. 605 00:31:26,758 --> 00:31:29,756 It's a well known fact that for decades, 606 00:31:29,780 --> 00:31:33,551 tobacco companies engaged in aggressive advertising campaigns 607 00:31:33,575 --> 00:31:39,023 that not only promoted smoking as a desirable and socially acceptable habit 608 00:31:39,047 --> 00:31:41,332 but also employed tactics that 609 00:31:41,356 --> 00:31:43,518 downplayed or outright denied 610 00:31:43,542 --> 00:31:46,310 the health risks associated with smoking. 611 00:31:46,594 --> 00:31:49,692 One of the most notorious aspects of these campaigns 612 00:31:49,716 --> 00:31:53,080 was the use of advertisements that featured doctors 613 00:31:53,104 --> 00:31:55,929 or implied medical endorsement, 614 00:31:55,953 --> 00:32:00,280 creating a misleading narrative about the safety of cigarettes. 615 00:32:00,304 --> 00:32:03,061 In the early to mid-20th century, 616 00:32:03,085 --> 00:32:05,860 cigarette advertisements were ubiquitous, 617 00:32:05,884 --> 00:32:09,354 appearing in magazines, newspapers, billboards, 618 00:32:09,378 --> 00:32:11,749 and later on television. 619 00:32:11,872 --> 00:32:15,058 These ads were designed to appeal to a broad audience, 620 00:32:15,083 --> 00:32:19,017 including women, men, and even teenagers, 621 00:32:19,041 --> 00:32:22,062 using various themes such as glamour, 622 00:32:22,086 --> 00:32:26,057 masculinity, sophistication, and stress relief. 623 00:32:26,378 --> 00:32:28,712 Starting in the 1950s, 624 00:32:28,736 --> 00:32:33,280 research began to shed light on the detrimental health effects of smoking, 625 00:32:33,305 --> 00:32:35,563 but tobacco companies fought vigorously 626 00:32:35,587 --> 00:32:37,729 to discredit these findings. 627 00:32:37,753 --> 00:32:39,249 They funded their own research 628 00:32:39,273 --> 00:32:41,911 to create doubt about the health risks, 629 00:32:41,935 --> 00:32:44,312 embarked on public relations campaigns 630 00:32:44,336 --> 00:32:47,723 to maintain the social acceptability of smoking, 631 00:32:47,747 --> 00:32:52,216 and lobbied politicians to prevent or weaken regulation. 632 00:32:52,457 --> 00:32:54,690 This leads us to 1955 633 00:32:54,715 --> 00:32:57,951 when a scientist named Dr. James D. Mold 634 00:32:57,976 --> 00:33:01,911 embarked on groundbreaking research with Liggett & Myers, 635 00:33:01,936 --> 00:33:05,006 a tobacco company based in North Carolina. 636 00:33:05,272 --> 00:33:09,755 Tasked with identifying carcinogenic components in cigarette smoke, 637 00:33:09,779 --> 00:33:12,517 Mold's research focused on substances 638 00:33:12,541 --> 00:33:15,449 that caused cancer in laboratory mice. 639 00:33:15,616 --> 00:33:19,444 This endeavor led to the inception of Project XA, 640 00:33:19,468 --> 00:33:22,894 a bold initiative aimed at creating a safer cigarette 641 00:33:22,918 --> 00:33:27,235 by eliminating or reducing these harmful ingredients. 642 00:33:27,543 --> 00:33:30,652 Project XA represented a significant departure 643 00:33:30,676 --> 00:33:33,626 from traditional cigarette manufacturing. 644 00:33:33,651 --> 00:33:35,464 Mold, with support from Liggett 645 00:33:35,488 --> 00:33:38,501 and collaboration with the A.D. Little Company, 646 00:33:38,525 --> 00:33:40,736 dedicated himself to developing a cigarette 647 00:33:40,761 --> 00:33:43,244 that wouldn't contribute to cancer. 648 00:33:43,386 --> 00:33:47,300 After 25 years of rigorous research and development, 649 00:33:47,325 --> 00:33:49,653 Mold introduced the XA, 650 00:33:49,678 --> 00:33:52,773 also known as the palladium cigarette. 651 00:33:52,862 --> 00:33:56,928 This innovative product utilized palladium and magnesium nitrate 652 00:33:56,952 --> 00:34:01,449 to neutralize cancer-causing substances in cigarette smoke. 653 00:34:01,806 --> 00:34:05,357 Laboratory tests confirmed the efficacy of these cigarettes 654 00:34:05,381 --> 00:34:08,793 in reducing cancer incidence among lab animals, 655 00:34:08,817 --> 00:34:12,689 marking a potential breakthrough in tobacco product safety. 656 00:34:12,830 --> 00:34:15,918 However, despite the initial backing from Liggett, 657 00:34:15,942 --> 00:34:19,750 the project encountered insurmountable obstacles. 658 00:34:19,774 --> 00:34:23,391 The company's executives, influenced by legal counsel, 659 00:34:23,415 --> 00:34:27,162 decided to withdraw support for Project XA. 660 00:34:27,428 --> 00:34:30,569 The lawyers argued that introducing a safer cigarette 661 00:34:30,594 --> 00:34:33,848 could expose the company to a deluge of lawsuits 662 00:34:33,872 --> 00:34:38,047 from consumers harmed by their traditional products. 663 00:34:38,197 --> 00:34:43,107 This legal concern effectively halted the progress of Project XA, 664 00:34:43,132 --> 00:34:47,156 forcing Mold to abandon over two decades of work. 665 00:34:47,289 --> 00:34:51,282 Liggett's directive to Mold to keep his findings unpublished 666 00:34:51,306 --> 00:34:53,734 ensured that the public remained unaware 667 00:34:53,758 --> 00:34:56,303 of the potential for safer cigarettes, 668 00:34:56,328 --> 00:34:57,514 leaving the health risks 669 00:34:57,538 --> 00:35:01,229 of conventional tobacco products unaddressed. 670 00:35:01,779 --> 00:35:03,519 Another reason the palladium cigarette 671 00:35:03,543 --> 00:35:06,069 never made it to the shelves was because 672 00:35:06,093 --> 00:35:08,875 Liggett didn't want to break ranks with other tobacco giants 673 00:35:08,899 --> 00:35:10,874 like Phillip Morris. 674 00:35:11,007 --> 00:35:12,110 Although the company knew 675 00:35:12,134 --> 00:35:15,744 that the product would be commercially viable and marketable, 676 00:35:15,768 --> 00:35:18,400 they were more worried about the potential retaliation 677 00:35:18,425 --> 00:35:21,570 from other tobacco companies in the industry. 678 00:35:21,750 --> 00:35:24,412 The cessation of Project XA, 679 00:35:24,436 --> 00:35:28,352 after an investment of approximately $10 million, 680 00:35:28,376 --> 00:35:33,127 underscores a troubling chapter in the history of tobacco research. 681 00:35:33,231 --> 00:35:34,424 Worse still, 682 00:35:34,448 --> 00:35:36,293 Liggett and other tobacco giants 683 00:35:36,317 --> 00:35:39,655 continued to sell cancer-causing cigarettes, 684 00:35:39,679 --> 00:35:42,713 even though they were fully aware of the health risks 685 00:35:42,737 --> 00:35:45,366 associated with what they sold. 686 00:35:46,555 --> 00:35:48,476 The Hendershot Generator. 687 00:35:49,050 --> 00:35:51,423 Lester Hendershot was an American inventor 688 00:35:51,448 --> 00:35:53,683 in the late 1920s, 689 00:35:53,707 --> 00:35:58,502 claimed to have developed a device capable of generating free energy. 690 00:35:58,723 --> 00:36:01,691 The Hendershot Generator, as it came to be known, 691 00:36:01,715 --> 00:36:04,322 was said to harness the Earth's magnetic field 692 00:36:04,346 --> 00:36:07,787 to produce electricity without the need for fuel. 693 00:36:07,979 --> 00:36:10,345 This remarkable invention had the potential 694 00:36:10,369 --> 00:36:13,868 to revolutionize the world's energy landscape, 695 00:36:13,892 --> 00:36:17,357 offering an unlimited source of power that could render 696 00:36:17,381 --> 00:36:20,559 traditional energy sources obsolete. 697 00:36:20,695 --> 00:36:25,964 Lester Hendershot's invention was described as a self-running generator, 698 00:36:25,988 --> 00:36:28,436 a device that purportedly created energy 699 00:36:28,460 --> 00:36:31,340 through a series of coils and capacitors 700 00:36:31,364 --> 00:36:34,819 without the need for an external power source. 701 00:36:34,914 --> 00:36:38,513 Hendershot's demonstrations of the device in the late 1920s 702 00:36:38,537 --> 00:36:42,514 reportedly showed it powering light bulbs and motors, 703 00:36:42,538 --> 00:36:45,225 captivating the imagination of the public 704 00:36:45,249 --> 00:36:49,962 and drawing the attention of both the media and potential investors. 705 00:36:50,095 --> 00:36:52,176 Despite the initial excitement, 706 00:36:52,200 --> 00:36:56,328 a strong campaign to undermine his technology was underway, 707 00:36:56,352 --> 00:37:00,127 with some detractors going as far as publicly demonstrating a device 708 00:37:00,151 --> 00:37:02,261 they claimed was Hendershot's, 709 00:37:02,285 --> 00:37:05,247 attempting to prove its ineffectiveness. 710 00:37:05,504 --> 00:37:08,852 This act of discreditation signaled to Hendershot's supporters 711 00:37:08,876 --> 00:37:12,953 that there were concerted efforts to undermine his work. 712 00:37:13,276 --> 00:37:14,431 Undeterred, 713 00:37:14,455 --> 00:37:17,253 Hendershot persisted with his free energy generator 714 00:37:17,277 --> 00:37:19,102 for many years. 715 00:37:19,127 --> 00:37:20,506 By the late 1960s, 716 00:37:20,530 --> 00:37:23,968 he believed he had a breakthrough that would interest the US Navy, 717 00:37:23,992 --> 00:37:28,867 preparing two models and a detailed 56-page proposal. 718 00:37:29,042 --> 00:37:32,450 Nevertheless, his proposal was denied. 719 00:37:32,717 --> 00:37:35,026 In April 1961, 720 00:37:35,051 --> 00:37:38,080 as Hendershot's son was returning from school, 721 00:37:38,104 --> 00:37:40,148 he found his father dead. 722 00:37:40,423 --> 00:37:42,957 Officially recorded as a suicide, 723 00:37:42,981 --> 00:37:46,165 the absence of a thorough investigation led many, 724 00:37:46,189 --> 00:37:47,782 including his family, 725 00:37:47,806 --> 00:37:49,964 to suspect foul play, 726 00:37:49,988 --> 00:37:52,263 theorizing that his innovative work 727 00:37:52,288 --> 00:37:56,641 posed a significant threat to large energy corporations. 728 00:37:57,075 --> 00:37:59,078 Rumors circulated that Hendershot 729 00:37:59,102 --> 00:38:01,835 had been warned by a major corporation, 730 00:38:01,860 --> 00:38:03,685 which he declined to name, 731 00:38:03,709 --> 00:38:06,866 to cease all work related to his generator, 732 00:38:06,891 --> 00:38:09,054 underlining the potential disruption 733 00:38:09,078 --> 00:38:12,758 his invention could cause to their lucrative business. 734 00:38:13,355 --> 00:38:14,415 Allegedly, 735 00:38:14,439 --> 00:38:17,170 Hendershot accepted $25,000 736 00:38:17,194 --> 00:38:21,507 under the condition he halted his research for two decades. 737 00:38:21,624 --> 00:38:25,008 He had expressed fears for his safety to his family, 738 00:38:25,032 --> 00:38:28,081 indicating the gravity of the threats he faced. 739 00:38:28,260 --> 00:38:31,116 Hendershot's death and the suppression of his invention 740 00:38:31,141 --> 00:38:34,301 continue to provoke deep questions. 741 00:38:35,662 --> 00:38:39,497 The discussion of all of these suppressed inventions we showed you, 742 00:38:39,521 --> 00:38:42,143 is both enlightening and disheartening, 743 00:38:42,167 --> 00:38:46,829 revealing how these innovations intersect with power and greed. 744 00:38:47,037 --> 00:38:52,052 These tales of suppressed inventions are a collective loss for our society, 745 00:38:52,076 --> 00:38:54,642 which is deprived of potentially transformative 746 00:38:54,666 --> 00:38:57,059 technologies and solutions. 747 00:38:57,083 --> 00:39:00,095 Yet, within these stories of suppression, 748 00:39:00,119 --> 00:39:02,988 there lies a resilient thread of hope. 749 00:39:03,263 --> 00:39:07,094 We must continue questioning and seeking out hidden truths, 750 00:39:07,118 --> 00:39:10,013 while also advocating for a world where 751 00:39:10,037 --> 00:39:13,981 innovation is not denied due to economics and politics 752 00:39:14,006 --> 00:39:18,314 but embraced for its potential to improve the human condition. 753 00:39:22,073 --> 00:39:23,548 Thank you for watching. 754 00:39:23,572 --> 00:39:26,520 If you want to learn about more inventions like these, 755 00:39:26,544 --> 00:39:29,167 you can watch the first part of this series. 756 00:39:29,191 --> 00:39:32,276 The link is in the top pinned comment. 59712

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