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NARRATOR: An Airbus
A320 en route to Singapore
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00:00:05,338 --> 00:00:08,808
disappears while
flying over the Java Sea.
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00:00:08,875 --> 00:00:11,277
JOHN: It crossed my mind
that what could have caused it
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00:00:11,344 --> 00:00:13,546
is an act of
terrorism, sabotage,
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00:00:13,613 --> 00:00:16,449
something extreme
happening to the aircraft.
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00:00:16,516 --> 00:00:18,918
NARRATOR: For days, a massive
search and rescue effort
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turns up nothing.
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EMMANUEL: A crash
at sea is challenging.
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00:00:22,355 --> 00:00:25,725
It's difficult to locate
because you usually don't have
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the full flight path down
to the surface of the ocean.
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NARRATOR: What they find
paints a confounding picture
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of the final minutes of flight.
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RAY: The plane started to bank.
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EMMANUEL: We were very
surprised by this action.
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RAY: What are they doing?
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NARRATOR: The
investigation uncovers
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a single tragic misunderstanding
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that claimed the
lives of 162 people.
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Flight attendant:
LADIES AND GENTLEMEN,
WE ARE STARTING OUR APPROACH.
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Pilot: WE LOST BOTH ENGINES!
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Flight attendant:
PUT THE MASK OVER YOUR NOSE.
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EMERGENCY DESCENT.
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Pilot: MAYDAY, MAYDAY.
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Flight attendant:
BRACE FOR IMPACT!
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Controller: I THINK I LOST ONE.
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Man: INVESTIGATION STARTING
INTO THIS TRAGEDY...
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Man: HE'S GONNA CRASH!
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♪
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NARRATOR: AirAsia Flight 8501
cruises high above the Java Sea
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north of Indonesia.
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It's a few days after Christmas,
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and many of the 156 passengers
aboard the Airbus A320
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are on holiday.
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The pilot in command is
53-year-old Captain Iriyanto.
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He's highly experienced,
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with more than
20,000 hours in the air.
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His first officer is French
national Remi Emmanuel Plesel.
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He is 46 with about
2,000 flight hours,
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much of it on the Airbus.
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JOHN: On this particular
leg, it was the first officer
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that was
manipulating the controls.
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The captain was in
command of the flight
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but was performing the
duties of the pilot monitoring,
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or the non-flying pilot.
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NARRATOR:
Today's flight originated
in the Indonesian city
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of Surabaya. It's heading across
the Java Sea to Singapore.
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Total flight time is
expected to be two hours.
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♪
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FO. PLESEL: It
looks like weather ahead.
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CPT. IRIYANTO: No. I
don't like the looks of that.
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NARRATOR: Twenty-two
minutes into the flight,
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the pilots notice bad
weather ahead on their radar.
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FO. PLESEL: Anti-ice?
CPT. IRIYANTO: Anti-ice on.
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JOHN: The crew would
definitely be taking care
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to avoid
penetrating these thunderstorms
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because it contains possibly
extreme turbulence, hail,
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lightning, everything
that the air crew don't want
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to expose themselves
and the passengers to.
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NARRATOR: The captain
instructs the flight attendant
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to prepare the
cabin for turbulence.
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FLIGHT ATTENDANT:
Ladies and gentlemen,
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please return to your
seats and fasten seat belts.
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♪
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NARRATOR:
Khairunnisa Haidar Fauzi
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is one of four flight attendants
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helping to look
after the passengers
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as they cruise at 32,000 feet.
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♪
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As an additional
precaution, the captain decides
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to increase altitude, to
go above the storm clouds
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in their path.
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CPT. IRIYANTO: I'm gonna
radio for a higher cruise,
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get around that weather.
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FO. PLESEL: Good idea.
AUTOMATION:
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NARRATOR: But before the captain
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can contact air traffic control,
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he gets a fault warning
from the flight computer.
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FO. PLESEL: ECAM actions?
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NARRATOR: The plane's
sophisticated computers
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give the pilots
step-by-step instructions
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on how to fix the issue.
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CPT. IRIYANTO: FAC 1 off and on.
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FAC 2 off and on.
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CPT. IRIYANTO: Warning cleared.
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NARRATOR: Computers control most
of the Airbus A320's systems.
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JOHN: There are basically seven
computers that fly the aircraft,
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and they add a lot
of helpful features
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that take workload
away from the pilot.
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NARRATOR: Pilots are trained
to follow the instructions
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given by the
aircraft's computers.
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AUTOMATION:
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NARRATOR: A few minutes later,
the warning sounds again.
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CPT. IRIYANTO:
Same. FAC 1 off and on.
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NARRATOR: After
addressing the fault warning,
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the captain radios
air traffic control
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to request the
higher flight level.
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CPT. IRIYANTO: Okay. So
Jakarta air traffic control,
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AirAsia 8501,
request climb to 38,000.
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NARRATOR: The Jakarta
air traffic controller
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has had an uneventful night.
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He soon clears
the pilots to climb,
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but to a slightly lower altitude
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than the 38,000 feet requested.
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AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER: AirAsia
8501, you are cleared to 3-4-0.
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NARRATOR: After
permitting them to climb,
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the controller
waits for confirmation.
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AUTOMATION:
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NARRATOR: But the pilots are
distracted by a third alarm.
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CPT. IRIYANTO: Here we go again.
FO. PLESEL: ECAM actions.
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CPT. IRIYANTO: FAC 1 off and on.
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NARRATOR: The
controller hasn't heard back,
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so he repeats his message.
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AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER: AirAsia
8501, you are cleared to 3-4-0.
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JOHN: It's very annoying
and very time consuming
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to deal with this
recurring problem.
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CPT. IRIYANTO:
Enough of this.
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00:06:00,960 --> 00:06:02,395
FO. PLESEL: ECAM actions.
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00:06:02,462 --> 00:06:12,438
♪
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NARRATOR: The controller
still hasn't heard confirmation
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00:06:14,340 --> 00:06:19,245
from the pilots.
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AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER:
AirAsia 8501, do you read me?
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Please, acknowledge.
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♪
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AUTOMATION:
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00:06:34,827 --> 00:06:38,698
NARRATOR:
But in the cockpit, the fault
warnings have escalated.
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00:06:38,765 --> 00:06:41,234
AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER:
AirAsia 8501, do you read me?
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00:06:41,300 --> 00:06:44,704
Please, acknowledge.
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00:06:44,771 --> 00:06:47,006
NARRATOR: In the cabin,
passengers have no idea
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their pilots are struggling to
maintain control of the plane.
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00:06:50,076 --> 00:07:00,052
♪
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00:07:00,119 --> 00:07:10,096
♪
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The pilots now notice that the
plane is rolling sharply left.
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CPT. IRIYANTO:
Level. Okay. Level.
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00:07:18,571 --> 00:07:22,708
NARRATOR: Something is going
terribly wrong with Flight 8501.
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00:07:22,775 --> 00:07:24,911
The first officer is struggling.
136
00:07:24,977 --> 00:07:26,946
CPT. IRIYANTO: Level!
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00:07:27,013 --> 00:07:30,516
NARRATOR: But soon the
plane is rolling again.
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00:07:30,583 --> 00:07:32,118
CPT. IRIYANTO: Level!
FO. PLESEL: I'm trying.
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00:07:32,185 --> 00:07:34,921
NARRATOR: The pilots
can't seem to regain control.
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00:07:34,987 --> 00:07:36,823
FO. PLESEL: It's not responding.
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00:07:36,889 --> 00:07:39,892
AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER:
AirAsia 8501, please confirm.
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You are climbing to
flight level 3-4-0.
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NARRATOR: The controller
still hasn't heard confirmation
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00:07:46,165 --> 00:07:48,267
from the pilots when
the plane starts to climb
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00:07:48,334 --> 00:07:51,771
towards 34,000 feet
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and then continues
climbing steeply even higher.
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00:07:54,740 --> 00:07:58,878
♪
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00:08:03,516 --> 00:08:04,684
JOHN: No airline passenger
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00:08:04,750 --> 00:08:05,918
would have ever
experienced something like this
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00:08:05,985 --> 00:08:08,454
under normal
circumstances before.
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00:08:08,521 --> 00:08:12,925
It would have been a very
violent, shocking maneuver.
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00:08:12,992 --> 00:08:16,262
CPT. IRIYANTO: Pull down!
FO. PLESEL: It's not correcting.
153
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NARRATOR: The plane seems to
have taken on a life of its own.
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It climbs higher and higher as
the pilots fight to level off.
155
00:08:25,238 --> 00:08:29,408
Then, inexplicably,
the plane starts to drop.
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00:08:32,245 --> 00:08:36,148
JOHN: That would certainly cause
near panic in some people.
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00:08:36,215 --> 00:08:41,754
Other people would be waiting
for the pilots to quote fix it.
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CPT. IRIYANTO: Altitude!
FO. PLESEL: I see it!
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00:08:47,526 --> 00:08:50,663
NARRATOR: Flight 8501 is
plummeting from the sky,
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00:08:50,730 --> 00:08:55,167
speeding toward the ocean below.
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00:08:55,234 --> 00:09:00,806
JOHN: The rate of descent
here was very, very high.
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00:09:00,873 --> 00:09:02,675
NARRATOR: It seems
the pilots can do nothing
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00:09:02,742 --> 00:09:04,477
to save their plane.
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00:09:04,543 --> 00:09:05,878
CPT. IRIYANTO: Pull!
165
00:09:05,945 --> 00:09:08,948
FO. PLESEL: It's not correcting.
What's going on? Max power.
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CPT. IRIYANTO: Slowly.
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♪
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00:09:16,989 --> 00:09:18,691
NARRATOR: Forty-three minutes
into what should have been
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a normal two-hour flight...
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00:09:20,793 --> 00:09:23,262
FO. PLESEL: Ugh!
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00:09:23,329 --> 00:09:27,767
NARRATOR: AirAsia Flight
8501 disappears from radar.
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00:09:27,833 --> 00:09:29,335
CPT. IRIYANTO: Pull!
FO. PLESEL: I'm trying!
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00:09:29,402 --> 00:09:32,471
CPT. IRIYANTO: Pull!
FO. PLESEL:
It's not correcting! Ugh.
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00:09:32,538 --> 00:09:42,114
♪
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00:09:42,181 --> 00:09:43,582
♪
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00:09:43,649 --> 00:09:45,885
NARRATOR: News quickly spreads
of the mysterious disappearance
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00:09:45,952 --> 00:09:48,454
of a commercial
flight to Singapore.
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00:09:48,521 --> 00:09:51,490
♪
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00:09:51,557 --> 00:09:56,295
JOHN: The loss of AirAsia 8501
was a classic case of a flight
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00:09:56,362 --> 00:10:00,333
degenerating from mundane,
normal cruise conditions
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00:10:00,399 --> 00:10:04,403
to the loss of the aircraft in
a span of just twenty minutes.
182
00:10:04,470 --> 00:10:07,406
NARRATOR: Within hours,
relatives of the 162 passengers
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and crew are demanding answers.
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00:10:11,077 --> 00:10:14,380
How could an
airplane just disappear?
185
00:10:14,447 --> 00:10:17,216
TONY (Archive): We don't
want to speculate right now
186
00:10:17,283 --> 00:10:19,819
because the plane has
been missing for twelve hours,
187
00:10:19,885 --> 00:10:25,658
and there's a deep
sense of depression.
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00:10:25,725 --> 00:10:28,194
NARRATOR: All the authorities
know is that the plane vanished
189
00:10:28,260 --> 00:10:33,466
from radar
somewhere over the Java Sea.
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00:10:33,532 --> 00:10:34,734
Speculation runs wild
191
00:10:34,800 --> 00:10:39,205
about what could have
brought the airliner down.
192
00:10:39,271 --> 00:10:41,640
JOHN: It crossed my mind
that what could have caused it
193
00:10:41,707 --> 00:10:43,976
is an act of
terrorism, sabotage,
194
00:10:44,043 --> 00:10:46,846
something extreme
happening to the aircraft.
195
00:10:46,912 --> 00:10:48,714
But it was very difficult to
come up with a clear picture
196
00:10:48,781 --> 00:10:53,019
on the first news reports
as to what had taken place.
197
00:10:53,085 --> 00:10:54,453
NARRATOR: It's
been only a few months
198
00:10:54,520 --> 00:10:57,323
since Malaysia
Airlines Flight 370 disappeared
199
00:10:57,390 --> 00:11:01,794
in eerily similar circumstances,
vanishing from radar
200
00:11:01,861 --> 00:11:05,564
without sending any mayday call.
201
00:11:08,734 --> 00:11:11,637
Search and rescue
vessels are dispatched,
202
00:11:11,704 --> 00:11:15,341
but combing the vast and choppy
sea between Sumatra and Borneo
203
00:11:15,408 --> 00:11:19,545
is a mammoth task.
204
00:11:19,612 --> 00:11:22,148
An international team of
air safety investigators
205
00:11:22,214 --> 00:11:27,953
flies in to join the
local experts in Jakarta.
206
00:11:28,020 --> 00:11:30,322
Ray Nurcahyo is an
air crash investigator
207
00:11:30,389 --> 00:11:34,727
with the Indonesian National
Transportation Safety Committee.
208
00:11:34,794 --> 00:11:38,330
RAY: The air traffic control
radar data is our main source
209
00:11:38,397 --> 00:11:41,901
to detect the
location of the aircraft.
210
00:11:41,967 --> 00:11:46,105
NARRATOR:
They begin by interviewing
the air traffic controller.
211
00:11:46,172 --> 00:11:47,973
RAY: So can you
tell me what happened?
212
00:11:48,040 --> 00:11:49,475
EMMANUEL: They were
the ones who could tell us
213
00:11:49,542 --> 00:11:51,544
a little bit more
about what had happened.
214
00:11:51,610 --> 00:11:53,946
They had seen the
plane trajectory,
215
00:11:54,013 --> 00:11:55,681
the plane flight path.
216
00:11:55,748 --> 00:11:57,917
NARRATOR: They learn that the
plane was flying towards an area
217
00:11:57,983 --> 00:11:59,885
of bad weather.
218
00:11:59,952 --> 00:12:02,254
JOHN: When you start
out in an investigation,
219
00:12:02,321 --> 00:12:04,023
you look at everything.
220
00:12:04,090 --> 00:12:09,628
In this case, there
were weather considerations.
221
00:12:09,695 --> 00:12:11,497
RAY: And then?
222
00:12:11,564 --> 00:12:14,733
AIR TRAFFIC
CONTROLLER: Then, they
started losing altitude fast.
223
00:12:14,800 --> 00:12:18,871
♪
224
00:12:18,938 --> 00:12:23,709
NARRATOR:
And then, it disappeared
from radar at 24,000 feet.
225
00:12:23,776 --> 00:12:25,344
RAY: Thank you very much.
226
00:12:25,411 --> 00:12:30,382
EMMANUEL: How could this plane
being in cruising altitude
227
00:12:30,449 --> 00:12:35,221
suddenly climb and fall with
a very high rate of descent?
228
00:12:35,287 --> 00:12:37,389
NARRATOR: Could the
aircraft have lost engine power
229
00:12:37,456 --> 00:12:38,991
in a violent storm?
230
00:12:39,058 --> 00:12:42,795
RAY: The weather might be
involved in the accident.
231
00:12:42,862 --> 00:12:47,233
So we tried to get more
information on the weather data.
232
00:12:47,299 --> 00:12:52,571
♪
233
00:12:52,638 --> 00:12:55,975
RAY: Can I get the weather
overlay for this map, please?
234
00:12:56,041 --> 00:12:58,477
NARRATOR: Investigators
examine detailed weather charts
235
00:12:58,544 --> 00:13:02,148
from the day of the accident.
236
00:13:02,214 --> 00:13:06,252
RAY: There were
thunderstorms here and here.
237
00:13:06,318 --> 00:13:11,190
RAY: It's quite a large
red color, so I assumed
238
00:13:11,257 --> 00:13:14,093
there has been a bad
condition on that area.
239
00:13:14,160 --> 00:13:15,828
JOHN: It was monsoon season,
240
00:13:15,895 --> 00:13:18,030
and so there's a
lot of thunderstorms.
241
00:13:18,097 --> 00:13:21,300
They can do damage
to the airplane that --
242
00:13:21,367 --> 00:13:25,171
it's something that you
learn early as a pilot,
243
00:13:25,237 --> 00:13:27,640
and it's something that
you adhere to very strongly.
244
00:13:27,706 --> 00:13:29,842
You do not fly
through thunderstorms.
245
00:13:29,909 --> 00:13:31,911
NARRATOR: Then they
start mapping the flight track
246
00:13:31,977 --> 00:13:35,147
to see if the plane
could have entered the storms.
247
00:13:35,214 --> 00:13:37,950
RAY: They were at
cruising altitude.
248
00:13:38,017 --> 00:13:40,786
Then here they
asked for deviation.
249
00:13:40,853 --> 00:13:45,858
They made it here and
then they started to drop.
250
00:13:45,925 --> 00:13:50,029
They almost flew into the first
storm but then just missed it.
251
00:13:50,095 --> 00:13:52,364
NARRATOR: Bad weather, the
first possible explanation
252
00:13:52,431 --> 00:13:58,337
for the disappearance of Flight
8501, proves to be a dead end.
253
00:13:58,404 --> 00:14:01,740
RAY: This is the spot
they were last seen on radar.
254
00:14:04,777 --> 00:14:08,147
NARRATOR: Based on Flight
8501's last radar coordinates,
255
00:14:08,214 --> 00:14:12,318
investigators have at least
narrowed down the search area.
256
00:14:12,384 --> 00:14:15,754
Dozens of rescue vessels and
aircraft from multiple countries
257
00:14:15,821 --> 00:14:18,524
scour the target area.
258
00:14:18,591 --> 00:14:20,059
EMMANUEL: A crash
at sea is challenging.
259
00:14:20,125 --> 00:14:23,529
It's difficult to locate
because you usually don't have
260
00:14:23,596 --> 00:14:29,368
the full flight path down
to the surface of the ocean.
261
00:14:29,435 --> 00:14:31,403
NARRATOR: The Indonesian
president decides to address
262
00:14:31,470 --> 00:14:32,938
a nation in mourning.
263
00:14:33,005 --> 00:14:35,407
PRES. WIDODO (Archive,
translated): To all the families
264
00:14:35,474 --> 00:14:38,510
of the passengers and crew,
265
00:14:38,577 --> 00:14:43,649
I share my loss with you
266
00:14:43,716 --> 00:14:47,186
in this tragedy.
267
00:14:47,253 --> 00:14:50,456
And we all pray.
268
00:14:50,522 --> 00:14:52,925
NARRATOR: Two days into
the search, the first pieces
269
00:14:52,992 --> 00:14:55,527
of wreckage are recovered
from the Karimata Strait
270
00:14:55,594 --> 00:14:59,031
in the Java Sea.
271
00:14:59,098 --> 00:15:01,834
RAY: The main wreckage was
found not far from the point
272
00:15:01,900 --> 00:15:05,904
that we predicted
based on the ATC radar.
273
00:15:05,971 --> 00:15:08,874
♪
274
00:15:08,941 --> 00:15:12,378
NARRATOR: Soon
searchers are finding bodies.
275
00:15:12,444 --> 00:15:14,480
Among the first is
that of flight attendant
276
00:15:14,546 --> 00:15:20,052
Khairunnisa Haidar Fauzi.
277
00:15:20,119 --> 00:15:25,991
In a moving tribute,
hundreds attend her funeral.
278
00:15:26,058 --> 00:15:29,461
Funerals for many more follow.
279
00:15:29,528 --> 00:15:33,966
Of the 162 passengers and
crew, there are no survivors.
280
00:15:34,033 --> 00:15:39,238
♪
281
00:15:39,305 --> 00:15:41,774
As the wreckage is
brought in for examination,
282
00:15:41,840 --> 00:15:46,445
investigators can see that the
task ahead of them is daunting.
283
00:15:46,512 --> 00:15:48,914
Why would a highly
sophisticated airliner,
284
00:15:48,981 --> 00:15:52,584
flying at cruising altitude,
suddenly fall from the sky?
285
00:15:52,651 --> 00:15:55,254
EMMANUEL: We had a lot of
little pieces everywhere.
286
00:15:55,321 --> 00:15:58,791
My first reaction was
it's not gonna be easy.
287
00:15:58,857 --> 00:16:03,962
♪
288
00:16:04,029 --> 00:16:08,867
♪
289
00:16:08,934 --> 00:16:10,703
RAY: Is it all like this?
290
00:16:10,769 --> 00:16:12,137
EMMANUEL: A crash
at sea is challenging
291
00:16:12,204 --> 00:16:16,275
because usually the main
interesting parts are underwater
292
00:16:16,342 --> 00:16:20,512
and that's a little
bit difficult to get them.
293
00:16:20,579 --> 00:16:22,114
NARRATOR: With much of
the plane still missing
294
00:16:22,181 --> 00:16:24,116
at the bottom of the sea,
295
00:16:24,183 --> 00:16:27,886
investigators study debris
found floating on the surface.
296
00:16:27,953 --> 00:16:29,722
To see if the plane exploded,
297
00:16:29,788 --> 00:16:32,991
they look for distinctive
smaller pieces with burnt edges.
298
00:16:33,058 --> 00:16:46,538
♪
299
00:16:46,605 --> 00:16:48,874
JOHN: The debris that was
recovered did not exhibit any
300
00:16:48,941 --> 00:16:54,780
telltale signs of having been
subject to a bomb explosion.
301
00:16:54,847 --> 00:16:59,418
RAY: This plane didn't blow up.
302
00:16:59,485 --> 00:17:04,123
NARRATOR: The pieces of AirAsia
8501 are large and clean.
303
00:17:04,189 --> 00:17:10,095
EMMANUEL: We could eliminate
a possible in-flight break up.
304
00:17:10,162 --> 00:17:12,464
NARRATOR: It's a step forward,
but unless they can find
305
00:17:12,531 --> 00:17:16,435
the black boxes, the
mystery of AirAsia Flight 8501
306
00:17:16,502 --> 00:17:20,739
may never be solved.
307
00:17:20,806 --> 00:17:23,442
The flight recorders offer
the only hope of figuring out
308
00:17:23,509 --> 00:17:25,844
what was
happening in the cockpit.
309
00:17:25,911 --> 00:17:28,747
The search for them
goes into high gear.
310
00:17:28,814 --> 00:17:34,253
RAY: The black box search team,
assisted by Singapore, France,
311
00:17:34,319 --> 00:17:40,192
the UK and China, we
utilized side scan sonar
312
00:17:40,259 --> 00:17:45,931
and underwater unmanned camera.
313
00:17:45,998 --> 00:17:47,399
NARRATOR: All
black boxes are equipped
314
00:17:47,466 --> 00:17:52,237
with an electronic beacon that
transmits a signal under water.
315
00:17:52,304 --> 00:17:54,807
Ship-based sonar
systems can detect the signal
316
00:17:54,873 --> 00:17:58,577
and help guide searchers
towards the black boxes.
317
00:17:58,644 --> 00:18:01,313
EMMANUEL: When we get
this signal, we are in a range
318
00:18:01,380 --> 00:18:03,649
of about two
thousand meters from them.
319
00:18:03,715 --> 00:18:07,820
So this helps us narrow
it down to where they are
320
00:18:07,886 --> 00:18:12,357
and then the divers then
have to try to find them.
321
00:18:12,424 --> 00:18:15,260
NARRATOR: But weather
complicates the search.
322
00:18:15,327 --> 00:18:17,796
EMMANUEL: The depth
was about forty meters,
323
00:18:17,863 --> 00:18:19,498
and the sea was rough.
324
00:18:19,565 --> 00:18:24,536
And we couldn't go
every day we wanted to go.
325
00:18:24,603 --> 00:18:29,475
So we had to adapt our
strategy to the weather.
326
00:18:29,541 --> 00:18:32,978
NARRATOR: After a two-week
search, they finally succeed.
327
00:18:33,045 --> 00:18:37,549
RAY: The black boxes were found,
first on 12th of January,
328
00:18:37,616 --> 00:18:39,852
the flight data recorder.
329
00:18:39,918 --> 00:18:43,489
And the following day we found
the cockpit voice recorder
330
00:18:43,555 --> 00:18:46,191
around the same area.
331
00:18:46,258 --> 00:18:49,728
EMMANUEL: We were relieved
to get the boxes 'cause
332
00:18:49,795 --> 00:18:53,165
this was a real major
step towards the explanation
333
00:18:53,232 --> 00:18:54,366
of what had happened.
334
00:18:54,433 --> 00:18:59,738
♪
335
00:18:59,805 --> 00:19:01,273
NARRATOR: Investigators
start by listening
336
00:19:01,340 --> 00:19:03,742
to the cockpit voice recording.
337
00:19:03,809 --> 00:19:06,812
It should reveal pilot
conversations and other sounds
338
00:19:06,879 --> 00:19:11,383
from inside the
cockpit of Flight 8501.
339
00:19:11,450 --> 00:19:13,418
RAY: Okay, let's start when
they ask permission to climb.
340
00:19:13,485 --> 00:19:17,289
Play recording.
341
00:19:17,356 --> 00:19:20,025
CPT. IRIYANTO: Jakarta air
traffic control, AirAsia 8501
342
00:19:20,092 --> 00:19:24,129
request climb to
38,000 to clear storm clouds.
343
00:19:24,196 --> 00:19:25,864
EMMANUEL: Up to that
point the flight was normal.
344
00:19:25,931 --> 00:19:27,232
It was uneventful.
345
00:19:27,299 --> 00:19:29,568
RAY: Continue recording.
346
00:19:29,635 --> 00:19:34,172
NARRATOR: Almost immediately,
investigators make a discovery.
347
00:19:35,541 --> 00:19:37,175
FO. PLESEL: ECAM actions?
348
00:19:37,242 --> 00:19:39,678
CPT. IRIYANTO:
FAC 1 off and on.
349
00:19:39,745 --> 00:19:43,682
FAC 2 off and on.
350
00:19:43,749 --> 00:19:45,417
Warning cleared.
351
00:19:45,484 --> 00:19:51,023
RAY: They were dealing
with some kind of warning.
352
00:19:51,089 --> 00:19:53,292
Play recording.
353
00:19:53,358 --> 00:19:55,494
AUTOMATION:
FO. PLESEL: ECAM actions?
354
00:19:55,561 --> 00:19:58,096
CPT. IRIYANTO: Same.
355
00:19:58,163 --> 00:20:00,666
RAY: Okay. The
warning came back.
356
00:20:00,732 --> 00:20:05,037
JOHN: They were getting
continual fault warnings through
357
00:20:05,103 --> 00:20:06,672
what's called an ECAM system,
358
00:20:06,738 --> 00:20:09,341
Electronic Central
Aircraft Monitoring system.
359
00:20:09,408 --> 00:20:11,043
RAY: Play recording.
360
00:20:11,109 --> 00:20:13,512
AUTOMATION:
CPT. IRIYANTO: Here we go again.
361
00:20:13,579 --> 00:20:14,780
FO. PLESEL: ECAM actions?
362
00:20:14,846 --> 00:20:18,050
CPT. IRIYANTO:
FAC 1 off and on.
363
00:20:18,116 --> 00:20:23,755
FAC 2 off and on.
364
00:20:23,822 --> 00:20:25,090
It's cleared.
365
00:20:25,157 --> 00:20:27,593
EMMANUEL: At this point, the
crew's behavior was standard,
366
00:20:27,659 --> 00:20:29,561
was normal. They were quiet.
367
00:20:29,628 --> 00:20:33,398
They were communicating
on what checklists to apply.
368
00:20:33,465 --> 00:20:38,303
AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER: AirAsia
8501, you are cleared to 3-4-0.
369
00:20:38,370 --> 00:20:42,174
RAY: Okay, stop. We
know from the controller
370
00:20:42,240 --> 00:20:46,511
that he never heard
back from them again. Play.
371
00:20:46,578 --> 00:20:48,680
AUTOMATION:
CPT. IRIYANTO:
There it is again.
372
00:20:48,747 --> 00:20:52,217
FO. PLESEL: ECAM actions?
373
00:20:52,284 --> 00:20:55,220
NARRATOR: Then, the recording
reveals something surprising.
374
00:20:55,287 --> 00:20:57,089
CPT. IRIYANTO: No.
I've got a better idea.
375
00:20:57,155 --> 00:21:00,158
NARRATOR: The captain appears to
have done something different,
376
00:21:00,225 --> 00:21:02,294
and then there's a new warning.
377
00:21:02,361 --> 00:21:04,496
RAY: Hold recording.
378
00:21:04,563 --> 00:21:08,433
Now
the autopilot has disengaged.
379
00:21:08,500 --> 00:21:11,003
JOHN:
An unexpected disengagement
of the auto-throttle
380
00:21:11,069 --> 00:21:16,742
and auto-thrust system results
in a pretty loud warning.
381
00:21:16,808 --> 00:21:19,811
This is a very serious
concern to the investigators.
382
00:21:19,878 --> 00:21:21,146
AUTOMATION:
FO. PLESEL: What was that?
383
00:21:21,213 --> 00:21:22,948
CPT. IRIYANTO: Okay,
let's see what we have.
384
00:21:23,015 --> 00:21:27,352
AUTOMATION:
FO. PLESEL: Master caution? Why?
385
00:21:27,419 --> 00:21:32,057
CPT. IRIYANTO: Checking...
386
00:21:32,124 --> 00:21:34,993
Level. Level.
387
00:21:35,060 --> 00:21:37,896
NARRATOR: Investigators now hear
yet another cockpit warning.
388
00:21:37,963 --> 00:21:40,799
RAY: Stall warning.
389
00:21:40,866 --> 00:21:45,170
JOHN: The airplane would
have warnings to tell the pilot
390
00:21:45,237 --> 00:21:49,141
that they were getting
close to an aerodynamic stall.
391
00:21:49,207 --> 00:21:52,744
CPT. IRIYANTO: Pull! Slowly!
FO. PLESEL: What's going on?
392
00:21:52,811 --> 00:21:54,846
CPT. IRIYANTO: Pull!
393
00:21:54,913 --> 00:21:56,815
NARRATOR: An
aerodynamic stall occurs
394
00:21:56,882 --> 00:21:59,284
when the angle between the
wings and the oncoming air
395
00:21:59,351 --> 00:22:01,787
gets too steep.
396
00:22:01,853 --> 00:22:05,624
The amount of air flowing
over the wings is reduced.
397
00:22:05,691 --> 00:22:11,496
The aircraft loses lift
and can no longer stay aloft.
398
00:22:11,563 --> 00:22:15,934
JOHN: It's a highly uncommon
event to have an Airbus stall,
399
00:22:16,001 --> 00:22:19,905
particularly in cruise, because
it is protected from stalling.
400
00:22:19,971 --> 00:22:22,374
JOHN:
Normally the computer won't
allow the aircraft to stall.
401
00:22:22,441 --> 00:22:24,743
It won't allow the wings
to go at too high an angle
402
00:22:24,810 --> 00:22:27,679
to the airflow and
stall the aircraft.
403
00:22:27,746 --> 00:22:31,650
NARRATOR:
What caused this technically
advanced plane to stall?
404
00:22:31,717 --> 00:22:34,720
RAY: The autopilot disconnects.
The aircraft stalls.
405
00:22:34,786 --> 00:22:37,089
They struggle to
recover.
406
00:22:37,155 --> 00:22:40,926
It makes no sense.
407
00:22:40,992 --> 00:22:43,028
NARRATOR: Only the
FDR data can reveal what
408
00:22:43,095 --> 00:22:46,298
was happening with the aircraft
the moment the crisis hit.
409
00:22:46,364 --> 00:22:55,207
♪
410
00:22:55,273 --> 00:22:57,442
Until that data is
ready for analysis,
411
00:22:57,509 --> 00:23:01,747
the deadly midair
stall remains a mystery.
412
00:23:01,813 --> 00:23:04,583
RAY: What were you
guys struggling with?
413
00:23:04,649 --> 00:23:06,318
JOHN: One of the questions
that the investigators
414
00:23:06,384 --> 00:23:07,786
would have faced is:
415
00:23:07,853 --> 00:23:11,523
Why and how did an aircraft that
is supposed to be stall-proof
416
00:23:11,590 --> 00:23:12,657
end up stalling?
417
00:23:12,724 --> 00:23:20,599
CPT. IRIYANTO:
Pull down. Slowly!
418
00:23:20,665 --> 00:23:24,669
♪
419
00:23:24,736 --> 00:23:27,405
NARRATOR: The flight data
recorder should provide answers,
420
00:23:27,472 --> 00:23:33,345
but it needs to be flushed of
saltwater before it can be read.
421
00:23:33,411 --> 00:23:35,113
In the meantime, investigators
422
00:23:35,180 --> 00:23:40,418
pull the plane's maintenance
records to look for clues.
423
00:23:40,485 --> 00:23:43,221
They soon make a discovery.
424
00:23:43,288 --> 00:23:47,459
The aircraft seems to
have an issue with its RTLU.
425
00:23:47,526 --> 00:23:50,262
EMMANUEL: RTLU is the
Rudder Travel Limit Unit.
426
00:23:50,328 --> 00:23:55,033
The plane had had a
history of RTLU failures.
427
00:23:55,100 --> 00:23:56,535
NARRATOR: The
Rudder Travel Limit Unit
428
00:23:56,601 --> 00:23:59,037
is a computerized component
that prevents the rudder
429
00:23:59,104 --> 00:24:02,507
on the tail from deflecting
too far in either direction
430
00:24:02,574 --> 00:24:07,145
when the plane is
traveling at high speed.
431
00:24:07,212 --> 00:24:09,447
If the flight
computer detects any problems
432
00:24:09,514 --> 00:24:15,353
with its rudder limiter, it
sends a warning to the cockpit.
433
00:24:15,420 --> 00:24:18,256
Records show the aircraft's
Rudder Travel Limit Unit
434
00:24:18,323 --> 00:24:22,828
had been malfunctioning
for almost a year.
435
00:24:22,894 --> 00:24:26,198
RAY: Twenty-three reports
of the exact same failure.
436
00:24:26,264 --> 00:24:29,467
JOHN: The RTLU failures
on this particular airframe
437
00:24:29,534 --> 00:24:30,936
had become
increasingly frequent.
438
00:24:31,002 --> 00:24:33,538
There were eleven in
the last couple of months
439
00:24:33,605 --> 00:24:35,941
and twenty-three in
the preceding period,
440
00:24:36,007 --> 00:24:37,576
which is highly unusual.
441
00:24:37,642 --> 00:24:40,745
RAY: That seems like a lot
of failures with the RTLU.
442
00:24:40,812 --> 00:24:42,981
NARRATOR:
Could these be connected
to the mystery warnings
443
00:24:43,048 --> 00:24:48,220
the pilots were experiencing? It
could be a major breakthrough.
444
00:24:48,286 --> 00:24:49,888
RAY: Three days
before the crash there were
445
00:24:49,955 --> 00:24:53,725
two exact same failures.
446
00:24:53,792 --> 00:24:58,496
Why was this happening?
447
00:24:58,563 --> 00:25:00,632
NARRATOR: After each
failure, maintenance workers
448
00:25:00,699 --> 00:25:05,103
reset the RTLU.
449
00:25:05,170 --> 00:25:09,207
ERTATA :
As long as the reset resulted
in the computer to prompt pass,
450
00:25:09,274 --> 00:25:14,512
maintenance personnel doesn't
have to investigate further.
451
00:25:14,579 --> 00:25:17,215
RAY: They just kept resetting it
452
00:25:17,282 --> 00:25:19,551
and then putting
it back in service.
453
00:25:19,618 --> 00:25:22,087
NARRATOR: But they
never found a permanent fix.
454
00:25:22,153 --> 00:25:25,657
JOHN: They were returning the
airplane to service after reset,
455
00:25:25,724 --> 00:25:29,160
and from a legal standpoint
it did clear the problem.
456
00:25:29,227 --> 00:25:31,963
But obviously whatever
the fault was, they hadn't
457
00:25:32,030 --> 00:25:36,067
found it, because the
problem continued to reoccur.
458
00:25:36,134 --> 00:25:38,103
NARRATOR: The aircraft
seemed to operate perfectly
459
00:25:38,169 --> 00:25:42,073
despite the warnings.
460
00:25:42,140 --> 00:25:45,510
Even the day before the crash,
the plane had successfully flown
461
00:25:45,577 --> 00:25:48,079
from Surabaya to Kuala Lumpur.
462
00:25:48,146 --> 00:25:51,182
RAY: Have we got the unit?
463
00:25:51,249 --> 00:25:53,485
NARRATOR: The plane's
RTLU is among the wreckage
464
00:25:53,551 --> 00:25:56,021
that's been
recovered from the Java Sea.
465
00:25:56,087 --> 00:26:09,401
♪
466
00:26:09,467 --> 00:26:10,936
RAY: Let's send it
back to the manufacturer
467
00:26:11,002 --> 00:26:13,004
and see if they
can find something.
468
00:26:13,071 --> 00:26:15,006
NARRATOR: The unit is
sent to France for analysis.
469
00:26:15,073 --> 00:26:22,480
♪
470
00:26:22,547 --> 00:26:27,118
Finally, investigators get to
examine a key piece of evidence,
471
00:26:27,185 --> 00:26:31,790
the flight data recorder.
472
00:26:31,856 --> 00:26:34,225
If they can download
all the flight data,
473
00:26:34,292 --> 00:26:35,927
it should provide
a detailed picture
474
00:26:35,994 --> 00:26:38,730
of exactly what was
happening with the electrical
475
00:26:38,797 --> 00:26:42,801
and mechanical control
systems on the aircraft.
476
00:26:42,867 --> 00:26:45,203
RAY: After the
black box recovered,
477
00:26:45,270 --> 00:26:50,175
they transferred
to our laboratory.
478
00:26:50,241 --> 00:26:54,179
EMMANUEL:
We worked with the Indonesian
investigation authority
479
00:26:54,245 --> 00:26:59,517
in extracting the data, which
requires a lot of precautions,
480
00:26:59,584 --> 00:27:02,187
since the flight
recorders had been immersed.
481
00:27:02,253 --> 00:27:15,266
♪
482
00:27:15,333 --> 00:27:16,935
RAY: Move it down
too a little bit.
483
00:27:17,002 --> 00:27:20,739
NARRATOR: On examination,
they discover the data board
484
00:27:20,805 --> 00:27:26,644
has been damaged by
the impact of the crash.
485
00:27:26,711 --> 00:27:29,414
It's uncertain whether the
information they desperately
486
00:27:29,481 --> 00:27:31,282
need will be retrievable.
487
00:27:31,349 --> 00:27:44,329
♪
488
00:27:44,396 --> 00:27:46,998
The download begins.
489
00:27:47,065 --> 00:27:50,869
RAY: Even though the condition
of the black box was damaged,
490
00:27:50,935 --> 00:27:55,407
we managed to
recover all of the data.
491
00:27:55,473 --> 00:27:58,043
NARRATOR: Success.
492
00:27:58,109 --> 00:28:02,781
RAY: Okay, so let's start
with those chime warnings.
493
00:28:02,847 --> 00:28:07,152
So here's the first warning.
It clearly was the RTLU.
494
00:28:07,218 --> 00:28:10,655
They do the fix, simply
resetting the entire system.
495
00:28:10,722 --> 00:28:12,057
AUTOMATION:
496
00:28:12,123 --> 00:28:14,692
JOHN: The procedure to reset the
system was much like your PC,
497
00:28:14,759 --> 00:28:17,362
rebooting the PC. They
only had to turn the system off
498
00:28:17,429 --> 00:28:19,464
and turn it back on again.
499
00:28:19,531 --> 00:28:23,835
CPT. IRIYANTO: FAC 2 off and on.
500
00:28:23,902 --> 00:28:28,973
RAY: Two more times
the RTLU warning goes off,
501
00:28:29,040 --> 00:28:32,544
and each time they
did the right thing.
502
00:28:32,610 --> 00:28:35,647
Then it went off
on a fourth time.
503
00:28:35,713 --> 00:28:41,319
Then suddenly
there was a glitch.
504
00:28:41,386 --> 00:28:43,922
What did they do different?
505
00:28:43,988 --> 00:28:46,891
NARRATOR: After the fourth
time, the warnings change.
506
00:28:46,958 --> 00:28:50,095
There is now a fault with the
aircraft's two main computers,
507
00:28:50,161 --> 00:28:55,300
known as the flight
augmentation computers.
508
00:28:55,366 --> 00:28:57,102
RAY: Put the new
data up on that screen.
509
00:28:57,168 --> 00:29:04,109
♪
510
00:29:04,175 --> 00:29:09,681
Something caused both computers
to fail at the same time.
511
00:29:09,747 --> 00:29:11,216
NARRATOR: But
nothing in the data shows
512
00:29:11,282 --> 00:29:16,154
what the crew did differently
after the last warning.
513
00:29:16,221 --> 00:29:17,856
What does come to light is that,
514
00:29:17,922 --> 00:29:22,327
when the autopilot disengaged,
the rudder moved slightly.
515
00:29:22,393 --> 00:29:24,596
RAY: Now, let's see.
516
00:29:24,662 --> 00:29:30,101
The plane
started to bank to the left.
517
00:29:30,168 --> 00:29:32,036
EMMANUEL: The
electrical interruption
518
00:29:32,103 --> 00:29:36,374
on the flight control computers
created a rudder movement
519
00:29:36,441 --> 00:29:39,911
of about two
degrees to the left.
520
00:29:39,978 --> 00:29:41,412
JOHN: Two degrees
does not sound like a lot,
521
00:29:41,479 --> 00:29:43,348
but at the speed
they were flying
522
00:29:43,414 --> 00:29:47,218
it's exactly what caused
them to roll left 54 degrees.
523
00:29:47,285 --> 00:29:50,121
JOHN: That's almost
twice the normal bank
524
00:29:50,188 --> 00:29:53,358
that you would
feel in an airliner.
525
00:29:53,424 --> 00:29:57,629
RAY: Now look at this.
526
00:29:57,695 --> 00:30:02,333
It took them nine seconds
to do anything about the bank.
527
00:30:02,400 --> 00:30:04,235
NARRATOR: Despite
the steep bank angle,
528
00:30:04,302 --> 00:30:08,139
it seems the crew was slow
to react and level the plane.
529
00:30:08,206 --> 00:30:09,574
EMMANUEL: During
the first nine seconds,
530
00:30:09,641 --> 00:30:12,243
there was no crew
inputs on the controls
531
00:30:12,310 --> 00:30:16,748
following this roll that
reached fifty-four degrees.
532
00:30:16,814 --> 00:30:19,350
NARRATOR: Then the first
officer suddenly reacts,
533
00:30:19,417 --> 00:30:22,820
pulling hard to the
right, then left again
534
00:30:22,887 --> 00:30:25,990
and just as suddenly
he starts to pull up.
535
00:30:26,057 --> 00:30:30,461
RAY: All they had to
do was steady the plane.
536
00:30:30,528 --> 00:30:33,598
What were they doing?
537
00:30:33,665 --> 00:30:35,366
NARRATOR: The FDR
data shows that the plane
538
00:30:35,433 --> 00:30:37,235
climbed steeper and steeper
539
00:30:37,302 --> 00:30:41,606
until they reach a
remarkable 45-degree pitch up.
540
00:30:41,673 --> 00:30:43,841
RAY: Then it stalled.
541
00:30:43,908 --> 00:30:45,843
NARRATOR: Investigators
know that the captain
542
00:30:45,910 --> 00:30:48,179
did something
different, something that led
543
00:30:48,246 --> 00:30:51,816
to a computer glitch causing
the autopilot to disconnect
544
00:30:51,883 --> 00:30:56,287
and the plane to bank sharply.
But they don't know what he did.
545
00:30:56,354 --> 00:31:00,124
JOHN:
The single event of autopilot
auto throttle disengagement
546
00:31:00,191 --> 00:31:03,361
sends the investigators in
two different directions --
547
00:31:03,428 --> 00:31:07,765
one, what caused it? Two,
how did the crew handle it?
548
00:31:07,832 --> 00:31:10,668
As investigators struggle
to answer puzzling questions
549
00:31:10,735 --> 00:31:13,938
about Flight
8501 and its crew...
550
00:31:17,308 --> 00:31:19,010
RAY: Hello? NTSC.
551
00:31:19,077 --> 00:31:21,379
NARRATOR: They get
an important new lead.
552
00:31:21,446 --> 00:31:25,450
RAY: Wait, wait.
Slow down. What happened?
553
00:31:25,516 --> 00:31:28,052
♪
554
00:31:28,119 --> 00:31:30,121
NARRATOR: A mysterious
action by the captain
555
00:31:30,188 --> 00:31:33,625
to solve a routine
error appears to have set off
556
00:31:33,691 --> 00:31:36,861
a deadly sequence of events.
557
00:31:36,928 --> 00:31:39,797
Investigators are still trying
to understand what happened
558
00:31:39,864 --> 00:31:42,166
when they receive
some new information.
559
00:31:42,233 --> 00:31:45,870
RAY: Start from the
beginning. Where was he?
560
00:31:45,937 --> 00:31:49,841
EMMANUEL: Three days before the
accident, on the 25th December,
561
00:31:49,907 --> 00:31:52,143
this same
captain was about to fly
562
00:31:52,210 --> 00:31:57,782
from Indonesia to Kuala Lumpur
when he had an RTLU malfunction.
563
00:31:57,849 --> 00:31:59,617
He asked for an
engineer to come to the cockpit
564
00:31:59,684 --> 00:32:01,853
and try to fix that.
565
00:32:01,919 --> 00:32:03,154
ENGINEER: RTLU problem again?
566
00:32:03,221 --> 00:32:06,291
CPT. IRIYANTO: Yeah, it
just keeps coming back.
567
00:32:06,357 --> 00:32:10,828
NARRATOR: The maintenance
engineer rebooted the system.
568
00:32:15,933 --> 00:32:19,203
But the problem came back.
569
00:32:19,270 --> 00:32:23,641
ENGINEER: I've got an idea.
570
00:32:23,708 --> 00:32:25,209
NARRATOR: He then
pulled the circuit breakers
571
00:32:25,276 --> 00:32:29,414
for the main computer.
572
00:32:29,480 --> 00:32:32,717
JOHN: Maintenance on the
ground has a very specific list
573
00:32:32,784 --> 00:32:36,421
of circuit breakers
that says you can utilize
574
00:32:36,487 --> 00:32:39,624
pulling these circuit
breakers to reset computers
575
00:32:39,691 --> 00:32:41,926
within the airplane.
576
00:32:41,993 --> 00:32:46,431
NARRATOR: As the captain
watched, the problem was fixed.
577
00:32:46,497 --> 00:32:47,932
ENGINEER: Problem solved.
578
00:32:47,999 --> 00:32:51,536
CPT. IRIYANTO: And can I do the
same thing if it happens again?
579
00:32:51,602 --> 00:32:56,207
ENGINEER: Yeah, just do
what the ECAM tells you to do.
580
00:32:56,274 --> 00:32:59,444
RAY: Don't tell me he
tried to do that in the air.
581
00:32:59,510 --> 00:33:01,679
NARRATOR: Investigators
think that they now know
582
00:33:01,746 --> 00:33:06,050
what the captain did that led
to the crisis in the cockpit.
583
00:33:06,117 --> 00:33:08,086
RAY: Begin simulation.
584
00:33:08,152 --> 00:33:10,521
NARRATOR: To see if they're
right, they decide to simulate
585
00:33:10,588 --> 00:33:13,424
the cockpit
warnings heard in-flight.
586
00:33:13,491 --> 00:33:16,928
RAY: Okay, so let's
start with the RTLU warnings.
587
00:33:16,994 --> 00:33:19,831
AUTOMATION:
588
00:33:19,897 --> 00:33:22,633
RAY: FAC 1 off. FAC 2 off.
589
00:33:22,700 --> 00:33:27,905
Good.
590
00:33:27,972 --> 00:33:30,842
AUTOMATION:
CPT. IRIYANTO: Enough of this.
591
00:33:30,908 --> 00:33:34,011
NARRATOR:
After the fourth RTLU warning,
he takes a new approach.
592
00:33:34,078 --> 00:33:35,246
FO. PLESEL: ECAM actions?
593
00:33:35,313 --> 00:33:38,216
CPT. IRIYANTO: No.
I've got a better idea.
594
00:33:38,282 --> 00:33:39,884
NARRATOR: Investigators
believe the captain
595
00:33:39,951 --> 00:33:45,456
pulled two
critical circuit breakers.
596
00:33:45,523 --> 00:33:47,525
RAY: Captain pulls
circuit breaker one.
597
00:33:47,592 --> 00:33:53,264
♪
598
00:33:53,331 --> 00:33:55,600
NARRATOR: The
result is immediate.
599
00:33:55,666 --> 00:33:58,436
AUTOMATION:
600
00:33:58,503 --> 00:34:02,340
RAY: And there goes the
autopilot disconnect warning.
601
00:34:02,407 --> 00:34:06,277
NARRATOR: Investigators can
now be certain of one thing.
602
00:34:06,344 --> 00:34:08,045
RAY: This had to be what he did.
603
00:34:08,112 --> 00:34:09,113
JOHN: He was perhaps copying
604
00:34:09,180 --> 00:34:11,315
what he'd seen the
ground engineer do,
605
00:34:11,382 --> 00:34:13,084
but of course the
consequences in flight
606
00:34:13,151 --> 00:34:16,053
to disabling critical
systems are quite different.
607
00:34:16,120 --> 00:34:19,190
JOHN: The
captain wrongly assumed
608
00:34:19,257 --> 00:34:22,126
that if it worked on the
ground it'll work in flight.
609
00:34:22,193 --> 00:34:23,327
ERTATA :
The circuit breaker,
610
00:34:23,394 --> 00:34:27,832
which is part of the
flight augmentation computer,
611
00:34:27,899 --> 00:34:32,570
is something that should
never be pulled out in the air.
612
00:34:32,637 --> 00:34:33,938
NARRATOR: Pulling
the circuit breakers
613
00:34:34,005 --> 00:34:38,242
has devastating consequences
the captain didn't anticipate.
614
00:34:38,309 --> 00:34:40,578
JOHN: Unfortunately, he was
not pulling circuit breakers
615
00:34:40,645 --> 00:34:43,481
that affected only the
rudder limiter system,
616
00:34:43,548 --> 00:34:46,717
but ones that also disabled the
flight augmentation computer,
617
00:34:46,784 --> 00:34:50,421
which tripped the autopilot,
the auto throttle and
618
00:34:50,488 --> 00:34:53,925
all the normal mode protections
that the aircraft had.
619
00:34:53,991 --> 00:34:55,760
NARRATOR: The
plane begins to roll.
620
00:34:55,827 --> 00:34:59,297
Over the next nine seconds,
it rolls fifty-four degrees,
621
00:34:59,363 --> 00:35:03,401
yet no one does
anything to stop it.
622
00:35:03,468 --> 00:35:06,003
What took them so long to react?
623
00:35:06,070 --> 00:35:09,707
RAY: The first officer would
have been looking here and here
624
00:35:09,774 --> 00:35:13,044
when the autopilot
warning was disconnected,
625
00:35:13,110 --> 00:35:15,346
and the captain was
still standing behind
626
00:35:15,413 --> 00:35:18,049
the first officer's seat.
627
00:35:18,115 --> 00:35:19,150
FO. PLESEL: What was that?
628
00:35:19,217 --> 00:35:20,518
NARRATOR: It's
likely that neither pilot
629
00:35:20,585 --> 00:35:22,720
was looking at the
attitude indicator
630
00:35:22,787 --> 00:35:25,923
that showed the
plane was banking.
631
00:35:25,990 --> 00:35:28,659
RAY: That's why it
took them nine seconds
632
00:35:28,726 --> 00:35:33,297
to notice what this
gauge here was telling them.
633
00:35:35,399 --> 00:35:37,368
NARRATOR: As the
plane started to roll,
634
00:35:37,435 --> 00:35:41,172
the first officer was
focused on the fault warnings.
635
00:35:41,239 --> 00:35:43,374
He didn't notice that
the plane was banking
636
00:35:43,441 --> 00:35:46,477
until the captain
sat back down again.
637
00:35:48,946 --> 00:35:52,383
CPT. IRIYANTO: Oh my God.
FO. PLESEL: Oh!
638
00:35:52,450 --> 00:35:54,952
NARRATOR: Despite losing
control of these systems,
639
00:35:55,019 --> 00:35:57,054
the high-tech plane
did have the capacity
640
00:35:57,121 --> 00:36:01,325
to get back on course.
641
00:36:01,392 --> 00:36:04,228
After the initial roll,
why didn't the first officer
642
00:36:04,295 --> 00:36:10,067
just steady the plane
and reengage the autopilot?
643
00:36:10,134 --> 00:36:12,169
Investigators have
to try to understand
644
00:36:12,236 --> 00:36:15,873
what was going on
inside the pilots' heads.
645
00:36:15,940 --> 00:36:18,075
JOHN: The co-pilot's
movement of the stick
646
00:36:18,142 --> 00:36:20,845
to its extreme
rightmost position
647
00:36:20,912 --> 00:36:23,548
resulted in a very
violent roll to the right,
648
00:36:23,614 --> 00:36:26,617
two to three times what would
be programmed as the maximum
649
00:36:26,684 --> 00:36:31,489
for an Airbus normally.
650
00:36:31,556 --> 00:36:32,857
NARRATOR: In an
attempt to understand
651
00:36:32,924 --> 00:36:34,992
the first officer's
actions, investigators
study
652
00:36:35,059 --> 00:36:39,163
how the human
brain behaves in flight.
653
00:36:39,230 --> 00:36:41,599
A sense of balance is
maintained by liquid levels
654
00:36:41,666 --> 00:36:44,835
in the ear canals.
When that shifts violently,
655
00:36:44,902 --> 00:36:48,940
the brain can get mixed
signals that affect balance.
656
00:36:49,006 --> 00:36:52,810
The FDR data shows how dramatic
the plane's movements were.
657
00:36:55,680 --> 00:36:59,784
RAY: So the plane rolled
fifty-four degrees left,
658
00:36:59,850 --> 00:37:05,523
and he pulled back almost
level in just two seconds.
659
00:37:05,590 --> 00:37:08,125
That would
scramble anybody's gyros.
660
00:37:08,192 --> 00:37:10,227
Maybe that was the confusion?
661
00:37:10,294 --> 00:37:13,130
JOHN:
As soon as the first officer
had leveled the aircraft,
662
00:37:13,197 --> 00:37:17,034
the fluid in his ear canals
keeps spinning to the right.
663
00:37:17,101 --> 00:37:18,235
The aircraft is level,
664
00:37:18,302 --> 00:37:20,204
but there's a very
strong illusion from the ears
665
00:37:20,271 --> 00:37:21,739
that you're
turning to the right.
666
00:37:21,806 --> 00:37:27,378
RAY: He pushes the plane all
the way to the left. But why?
667
00:37:27,445 --> 00:37:29,880
CPT. IRIYANTO: Level.
FO. PLESEL: I am! I am!
668
00:37:29,947 --> 00:37:33,150
JOHN: The natural response
would be to roll the aircraft
669
00:37:33,217 --> 00:37:36,554
back to where it came from into
the fifty-four degree of bank,
670
00:37:36,621 --> 00:37:39,557
which was what they
thought the level was.
671
00:37:39,624 --> 00:37:43,594
RAY: And then he
pulls it as hard as he can,
672
00:37:43,661 --> 00:37:47,965
and the plane starts climbing.
673
00:37:48,032 --> 00:37:49,834
JOHN: This is a massive input.
674
00:37:49,900 --> 00:37:53,704
The airplane would
pitch up very quickly.
675
00:37:53,771 --> 00:37:55,006
FO. PLESEL: What's going on?
676
00:37:55,072 --> 00:37:56,874
RAY: He was completely baffled.
677
00:37:56,941 --> 00:37:58,809
JOHN: His vertigo may
have led him to believe
678
00:37:58,876 --> 00:38:00,211
that the aircraft
was pitching down.
679
00:38:00,277 --> 00:38:04,215
So he's actually recovering
from an imaginary pitch down.
680
00:38:04,281 --> 00:38:06,117
RAY: He was disoriented.
681
00:38:06,183 --> 00:38:08,019
JOHN: With all the
alarms that were going off,
682
00:38:08,085 --> 00:38:10,688
with the rapid
left-right-left rolls
683
00:38:10,755 --> 00:38:14,158
and with the generally
deteriorating situation,
684
00:38:14,225 --> 00:38:18,162
I think the crew had started
to lose their spatial awareness
685
00:38:18,229 --> 00:38:21,532
completely.
686
00:38:21,599 --> 00:38:23,267
NARRATOR: Investigators
finally understand
687
00:38:23,334 --> 00:38:25,603
what must have been going
on with the first officer's
688
00:38:25,670 --> 00:38:28,472
confused state of mind.
689
00:38:28,539 --> 00:38:29,573
But if the first officer
690
00:38:29,640 --> 00:38:32,309
wasn't operating
the controls correctly,
691
00:38:32,376 --> 00:38:34,712
why didn't the
captain take the one step
692
00:38:34,779 --> 00:38:38,015
that could have saved the
lives of everyone on board?
693
00:38:38,082 --> 00:38:43,020
♪
694
00:38:43,087 --> 00:38:45,122
Investigators study
the captain's behavior
695
00:38:45,189 --> 00:38:48,759
during the roll.
CPT. IRIYANTO: Pull down!
696
00:38:48,826 --> 00:38:50,061
NARRATOR: They know
from the recordings that
697
00:38:50,127 --> 00:38:52,463
he was trying to
help right the plane.
698
00:38:52,530 --> 00:38:53,597
CPT. IRIYANTO: Pull down.
699
00:38:53,664 --> 00:38:55,032
FO. PLESEL: I'm
trying. It's not responding.
700
00:38:55,099 --> 00:38:57,401
NARRATOR: He wants his first
officer to stop climbing up
701
00:38:57,468 --> 00:38:58,602
and push the nose down.
702
00:38:58,669 --> 00:39:00,071
CPT. IRIYANTO: Pull down!
703
00:39:00,137 --> 00:39:02,273
NARRATOR: But his
command is confusing.
704
00:39:02,339 --> 00:39:06,577
RAY: It's either you
pull up or you push down.
705
00:39:06,644 --> 00:39:08,279
JOHN: When one
thinks that the co-pilot
706
00:39:08,345 --> 00:39:11,849
is holding a side stick,
pull means pull it back,
707
00:39:11,916 --> 00:39:15,886
which means go up. And
down means push it forward.
708
00:39:15,953 --> 00:39:18,622
So pull down is a
contradictory command.
709
00:39:18,689 --> 00:39:20,458
EMMANUEL: In that case
the captain should have said:
710
00:39:20,524 --> 00:39:22,393
"Nose down. Nose down."
711
00:39:22,460 --> 00:39:24,161
NARRATOR: The first
officer continues pulling back
712
00:39:24,228 --> 00:39:27,631
on his side stick
until the very end.
713
00:39:27,698 --> 00:39:30,201
JOHN: The input of
the first officer...
714
00:39:30,267 --> 00:39:32,670
CPT. IRIYANTO: Pull down!
715
00:39:32,737 --> 00:39:35,673
JOHN: Was the
exact wrong thing to do.
716
00:39:35,740 --> 00:39:36,907
FO. PLESEL: What's going on?
717
00:39:36,974 --> 00:39:38,909
NARRATOR: He clearly
didn't understand the command.
718
00:39:38,976 --> 00:39:42,913
So why didn't the captain take
full control of the airplane?
719
00:39:42,980 --> 00:39:46,350
RAY: He tried to take
over here and over here.
720
00:39:46,417 --> 00:39:48,285
CPT. IRIYANTO: Pull!
FO. PLESEL: It's not correcting.
721
00:39:48,352 --> 00:39:50,921
JOHN: There is a button
on top of the side stick
722
00:39:50,988 --> 00:39:54,058
that can let you
take full control
723
00:39:54,125 --> 00:39:56,527
to lock the other pilot out...
724
00:39:56,594 --> 00:39:57,628
CPT. IRIYANTO: Pull!
725
00:39:57,695 --> 00:39:59,864
JOHN: ... so that you
know what's going on.
726
00:39:59,930 --> 00:40:01,198
NARRATOR: The data
shows that the captain
727
00:40:01,265 --> 00:40:05,770
did push the take control
button, but only briefly.
728
00:40:05,836 --> 00:40:08,205
He didn't push it long
enough to take over the plane.
729
00:40:08,272 --> 00:40:09,840
FO. PLESEL: It's not responding.
730
00:40:09,907 --> 00:40:12,743
RAY: But at the end,
he never took control.
731
00:40:12,810 --> 00:40:15,646
NARRATOR: It meant that
both pilots were trying to fly
732
00:40:15,713 --> 00:40:18,549
at the same time.
733
00:40:18,616 --> 00:40:21,819
RAY: Both pilots started
controlling the aircraft.
734
00:40:21,886 --> 00:40:27,358
When that happened, control of
the aircraft become ineffective.
735
00:40:27,424 --> 00:40:29,794
NARRATOR: If he'd
spoken three simple words,
736
00:40:29,860 --> 00:40:33,497
the plane could have been saved.
737
00:40:33,564 --> 00:40:36,200
JOHN: The training is,
you say, "I have control,"
738
00:40:36,267 --> 00:40:39,203
and the other pilot
stops making inputs.
739
00:40:39,270 --> 00:40:41,806
In this case,
that wasn't happening.
740
00:40:41,872 --> 00:40:45,009
♪
741
00:40:45,075 --> 00:40:47,478
NARRATOR: Investigators
now know that pilot error
742
00:40:47,545 --> 00:40:50,948
led to a spatially
disoriented first officer.
743
00:40:51,015 --> 00:40:52,283
The captain, who
could have helped
744
00:40:52,349 --> 00:40:55,553
by communicating more clearly
or taking over the plane,
745
00:40:55,619 --> 00:40:58,289
did neither.
746
00:40:58,355 --> 00:41:01,725
Investigators
can never be certain why.
747
00:41:01,792 --> 00:41:04,495
The case is building to a close
when they get another piece
748
00:41:04,562 --> 00:41:09,300
of information. The results
of the RTLU analysis are in.
749
00:41:09,366 --> 00:41:16,407
♪
750
00:41:16,473 --> 00:41:19,009
It was a series of
warnings from that unit
751
00:41:19,076 --> 00:41:23,714
that triggered the
events that led to the crash.
752
00:41:24,715 --> 00:41:27,685
FO. PLESEL: ECAM actions?
753
00:41:27,751 --> 00:41:28,819
JOHN: The failure
the crew had experienced
754
00:41:28,886 --> 00:41:30,154
with the rudder limiter system
755
00:41:30,221 --> 00:41:33,290
was actually a negligible
failure. It was a nuisance.
756
00:41:33,357 --> 00:41:36,293
And the
procedures to reset it...
757
00:41:36,360 --> 00:41:39,163
CPT. IRIYANTO: FAC 1 off and on.
758
00:41:39,230 --> 00:41:41,665
JOHN: ...were simple.
759
00:41:41,732 --> 00:41:44,101
CPT. IRIYANTO: FAC 2 off
and on.
760
00:41:44,168 --> 00:41:48,572
Warning cleared.
761
00:41:48,639 --> 00:41:50,374
NARRATOR: All the
captain had to do
762
00:41:50,441 --> 00:41:55,779
was keep on following
the ECAM's instructions.
763
00:41:55,846 --> 00:41:58,582
EMMANUEL: The plane had
had a history of RTLU failures
764
00:41:58,649 --> 00:42:01,986
throughout the year, and this
failure had never been fixed.
765
00:42:02,052 --> 00:42:03,988
NARRATOR: Microscopic
examination of the unit's
766
00:42:04,054 --> 00:42:06,390
electronic
module finally reveals
767
00:42:06,457 --> 00:42:09,493
the cause of those
repetitive failures.
768
00:42:09,560 --> 00:42:12,363
EMMANUEL: We found out
that there was a crack
769
00:42:12,429 --> 00:42:16,433
in the soldering joint
on the electronic module,
770
00:42:16,500 --> 00:42:20,271
which caused the RTLU to
work from time to time only.
771
00:42:20,337 --> 00:42:25,743
And had the correct maintenance
task been applied...
772
00:42:25,809 --> 00:42:27,678
ENGINEER: Problem solved.
773
00:42:27,745 --> 00:42:29,446
EMMANUEL: ...the
RTLU electronic module
774
00:42:29,513 --> 00:42:31,582
would have been removed.
775
00:42:31,649 --> 00:42:35,119
JOHN: The airplane should have
been sent for troubleshooting,
776
00:42:35,185 --> 00:42:40,591
and you could have
broken the chain of events.
777
00:42:40,658 --> 00:42:42,092
NARRATOR: For
investigators, discovering
778
00:42:42,159 --> 00:42:44,428
that such a minute
fault sparked events
779
00:42:44,495 --> 00:42:48,365
that led to the death
of all 162 people on board
780
00:42:48,432 --> 00:42:53,070
makes this all the more tragic.
781
00:42:53,137 --> 00:42:55,372
As they prepare
their final report,
782
00:42:55,439 --> 00:42:58,642
it's clear that the
crash of Flight 8501
783
00:42:58,709 --> 00:43:03,681
has exposed a series
of serious problems.
784
00:43:03,747 --> 00:43:05,649
♪
785
00:43:05,716 --> 00:43:08,953
The final report calls for
improved maintenance protocols
786
00:43:09,019 --> 00:43:11,021
to help eliminate
minor recurring problems,
787
00:43:11,088 --> 00:43:12,823
like the RTLU fault,
788
00:43:12,890 --> 00:43:18,495
before they
lead to a major catastrophe.
789
00:43:18,562 --> 00:43:21,498
JOHN: When you start
having four, five, six, eight,
790
00:43:21,565 --> 00:43:24,501
ten recurring
problems, it's saying
791
00:43:24,568 --> 00:43:28,339
that the traditional
methods are not working
792
00:43:28,405 --> 00:43:31,408
and that you need to do much
more heavy-duty diagnostics
793
00:43:31,475 --> 00:43:34,979
until they find the problem.
794
00:43:35,045 --> 00:43:37,381
CPT. IRIYANTO: Pull! Pull down.
795
00:43:37,448 --> 00:43:40,217
RAY: And the other lesson
we take from the accident
796
00:43:40,284 --> 00:43:42,853
was the
communication between pilots
797
00:43:42,920 --> 00:43:45,789
to make sure that
communication was well
798
00:43:45,856 --> 00:43:50,527
to avoid the different
interpretation of the command.
799
00:43:52,763 --> 00:43:54,732
JOHN: This is a case
that the industry learned
800
00:43:54,798 --> 00:43:58,736
some very hard lessons,
but the thing most importantly
801
00:43:58,802 --> 00:44:02,139
is that the industry
implements those lessons
802
00:44:02,206 --> 00:44:03,474
so that we don't
have another one.
64991
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