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1
00:00:02,469 --> 00:00:04,604
In heavy wind
and blinding rain,
2
00:00:04,671 --> 00:00:08,308
the crew of a passenger jet
struggles to land.
3
00:00:10,143 --> 00:00:11,311
Put it down!
4
00:00:11,378 --> 00:00:12,812
Put it down!
5
00:00:21,087 --> 00:00:23,123
A terrifying
crash-landing leads
6
00:00:23,189 --> 00:00:25,392
to a desperate fight to survive.
7
00:00:25,458 --> 00:00:27,193
The only thing
that matters to me now
8
00:00:27,260 --> 00:00:31,030
is to get my daughter Emilie
and protect her as we blow up.
9
00:00:34,968 --> 00:00:39,472
We just knew that there were so
many passengers in that plane
10
00:00:39,539 --> 00:00:41,508
that had not gotten out.
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00:00:43,243 --> 00:00:45,645
Open the door!
Open the door!
12
00:00:48,815 --> 00:00:50,150
Ladies and gentlemen,
13
00:00:50,216 --> 00:00:51,384
we are starting our approach.
14
00:00:51,451 --> 00:00:52,619
We lost both engines!
15
00:00:52,685 --> 00:00:53,887
Put the mask over your nose.
16
00:00:53,953 --> 00:00:54,921
Emergency descent.
17
00:00:54,988 --> 00:00:55,989
Mayday, mayday.
18
00:00:56,055 --> 00:00:57,991
Brace for impact!
19
00:00:58,057 --> 00:00:58,925
I think I lost one.
20
00:00:58,992 --> 00:01:00,794
Investigation starting...
21
00:01:01,694 --> 00:01:03,029
He's gonna crash!
22
00:01:15,442 --> 00:01:17,744
Tuesday, August 2, 2005.
23
00:01:17,811 --> 00:01:19,913
Charles de Gaulle Airport
in Paris.
24
00:01:21,281 --> 00:01:25,552
297 passengers are boarding
Air France flight 358
25
00:01:25,618 --> 00:01:27,086
bound for Toronto.
26
00:01:27,153 --> 00:01:29,756
Uh, far aisle, left-hand side.
27
00:01:33,293 --> 00:01:35,595
Philippe Lacaille
is traveling with his wife
28
00:01:35,662 --> 00:01:37,130
and two of his four children.
29
00:01:39,799 --> 00:01:41,634
They're stuck at the back
of the enormous jet--
30
00:01:41,701 --> 00:01:43,470
and they're not
sitting together.
31
00:01:48,441 --> 00:01:49,843
Emilie.
32
00:01:49,909 --> 00:01:52,111
It just happened that we were
separated from Emilie.
33
00:01:52,178 --> 00:01:53,546
They had three seats together,
34
00:01:53,613 --> 00:01:55,748
so we were
in the middle section,
35
00:01:55,815 --> 00:01:59,319
and Emilie was actually sitting
a couple of seats ahead of us
36
00:01:59,385 --> 00:02:00,687
on the right side,
37
00:02:00,753 --> 00:02:03,656
so, close to the right wing
of the plane.
38
00:02:06,092 --> 00:02:09,262
For Eddie Ho,
flight 358 is the continuation
39
00:02:09,329 --> 00:02:11,197
of a trip that began
in Johannesburg.
40
00:02:12,265 --> 00:02:14,934
I was carrying
everything that I had--
41
00:02:15,001 --> 00:02:19,506
my books to my clothing
to tuition money for the year.
42
00:02:19,572 --> 00:02:20,974
Computer laptops.
43
00:02:24,043 --> 00:02:26,479
This is also
another leg in a long journey
44
00:02:26,546 --> 00:02:28,114
for Joann Cordary-Bundock,
45
00:02:28,181 --> 00:02:30,583
who's returning from a trip
to Thailand.
46
00:02:32,986 --> 00:02:37,090
I rerouted myself in the last
two days before the flight
47
00:02:37,156 --> 00:02:41,594
from Bangkok through Paris
to come directly to Toronto.
48
00:02:42,962 --> 00:02:45,164
As the passengers
continue to board,
49
00:02:45,231 --> 00:02:49,002
the flight crew get settled in
to the Airbus A340.
50
00:02:49,068 --> 00:02:52,238
The Captain is
57-year-old Alain Rosaye.
51
00:02:52,305 --> 00:02:55,141
He's been with Air France
for more than 20 years.
52
00:02:55,208 --> 00:02:58,845
His co-pilot is 43-year-old
Frederic Naud.
53
00:02:58,912 --> 00:03:01,447
Do you want
to start, or should I?
54
00:03:01,514 --> 00:03:02,749
Why don't you fly first,
55
00:03:02,815 --> 00:03:05,451
and then I'll take over
for landing in Toronto.
56
00:03:06,719 --> 00:03:07,954
I'll check the weather.
57
00:03:09,055 --> 00:03:10,990
On this flight,
the two men decide
58
00:03:11,057 --> 00:03:13,960
that Captain Rosaye will
handle the takeoff in Paris
59
00:03:14,027 --> 00:03:16,796
and co-pilot Naud
will land in Toronto.
60
00:03:16,863 --> 00:03:19,265
Destination,
Toronto Pearson.
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00:03:19,332 --> 00:03:20,600
Check.
62
00:03:20,667 --> 00:03:21,834
Crews often split
the duties
63
00:03:21,901 --> 00:03:24,871
so that co-pilots can get
more experience.
64
00:03:27,173 --> 00:03:30,510
Rosaye and Naud are joined by
one other person in the cockpit.
65
00:03:30,577 --> 00:03:31,744
I think
you've been expecting me.
66
00:03:31,811 --> 00:03:33,913
-I'm Miles Trochesset.
-Welcome aboard.
67
00:03:33,980 --> 00:03:35,448
Miles Trochesset
is the son
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00:03:35,515 --> 00:03:37,116
of an Air France employee.
69
00:03:37,183 --> 00:03:40,253
He's allowed to ride in the
cockpit's jump seat for free.
70
00:03:41,254 --> 00:03:43,189
I just want to let
you know I've done this before.
71
00:03:43,256 --> 00:03:44,891
I promise I'll be quiet.
72
00:03:50,263 --> 00:03:51,397
This Air France plane
73
00:03:51,464 --> 00:03:53,099
is one of the safest
in the world.
74
00:03:53,166 --> 00:03:57,136
Since the A340s first went
into service in 1993,
75
00:03:57,203 --> 00:03:59,172
they've had an excellent
safety record.
76
00:04:00,607 --> 00:04:02,642
Air France 358.
77
00:04:02,709 --> 00:04:04,477
Air France 358.
78
00:04:04,544 --> 00:04:07,213
Runway 2-7 left
cleared for takeoff.
79
00:04:07,280 --> 00:04:09,916
Cleared for takeoff,
Air France 358.
80
00:04:09,983 --> 00:04:12,251
Have a good afternoon,
gentlemen.
81
00:04:16,022 --> 00:04:18,658
Just a few minutes
before 2:00 in the afternoon,
82
00:04:18,725 --> 00:04:22,228
flight 358 powers into the sky
above Paris.
83
00:04:28,768 --> 00:04:31,170
Toronto may be
several thousand miles away,
84
00:04:31,237 --> 00:04:34,273
but the friends and family
of those on board flight 358
85
00:04:34,340 --> 00:04:37,777
are already making plans to meet
the plane when it arrives.
86
00:04:37,844 --> 00:04:38,778
Hello?
87
00:04:40,313 --> 00:04:42,048
Audrey, I won't forget.
88
00:04:42,115 --> 00:04:44,450
I'll make sure to pick up
mom and dad.
89
00:04:44,517 --> 00:04:46,486
No, I won't forget
the two brats, either.
90
00:04:46,552 --> 00:04:48,121
I'll get them all.
91
00:04:48,187 --> 00:04:49,656
Well,
we usually make arrangements
92
00:04:49,722 --> 00:04:51,758
before we go to France
to be picked up.
93
00:04:51,824 --> 00:04:53,860
It's easier because we have
lots of luggage, you know,
94
00:04:53,926 --> 00:04:55,528
and we bring back
stuff from France.
95
00:04:55,595 --> 00:04:57,697
So it just happened
that Julien, our son,
96
00:04:57,764 --> 00:05:00,800
was going to spend the summer
in Toronto
97
00:05:00,867 --> 00:05:02,568
and was available to pick us up.
98
00:05:02,635 --> 00:05:05,038
Sis, I'll give you
a call as soon as they get in.
99
00:05:05,104 --> 00:05:07,340
Don't worry,
I've got it covered.
100
00:05:07,407 --> 00:05:08,574
Ok?
101
00:05:08,641 --> 00:05:09,742
Alright.
102
00:05:09,809 --> 00:05:11,210
Talk to you soon.
103
00:05:11,277 --> 00:05:12,345
Bye.
104
00:05:13,646 --> 00:05:15,581
...center.
We have a humidex advisory,
105
00:05:15,648 --> 00:05:17,884
an extreme heat alert
for Toronto
106
00:05:17,950 --> 00:05:22,255
as well a thunderstorm warning
in effect for Toronto.
107
00:05:33,833 --> 00:05:35,702
A regular flight
from Paris to Toronto
108
00:05:35,768 --> 00:05:37,704
takes about eight hours.
109
00:05:37,770 --> 00:05:40,940
As Air France 358
closes in on Canada,
110
00:05:41,007 --> 00:05:44,010
there is little to separate
this trip from any other.
111
00:05:46,579 --> 00:05:48,414
I found that their service
was amazing.
112
00:05:48,481 --> 00:05:49,716
The food was great.
113
00:05:49,782 --> 00:05:52,785
They had very good
flight attendants.
114
00:05:54,587 --> 00:05:57,023
There were a lot of
exchange students from France.
115
00:05:57,090 --> 00:06:00,426
You know, like teenagers coming
to Canada for their first time,
116
00:06:00,493 --> 00:06:02,762
usually their first flight.
117
00:06:02,829 --> 00:06:04,797
And they were very rowdy.
118
00:06:07,133 --> 00:06:10,336
There was a beautiful day
on the flight over,
119
00:06:10,403 --> 00:06:11,671
and the sun was shining,
120
00:06:11,738 --> 00:06:14,474
and it was just blue skies
and white clouds
121
00:06:14,540 --> 00:06:15,775
and just a lovely day.
122
00:06:17,310 --> 00:06:19,112
The autopilot
does most of the work
123
00:06:19,178 --> 00:06:22,715
for Captain Alain Rosaye and
his co-pilot, Frederic Naud.
124
00:06:22,782 --> 00:06:24,617
Just as the two men had planned,
125
00:06:24,684 --> 00:06:27,019
Naud is now in control
of the plane.
126
00:06:29,822 --> 00:06:32,125
We have a new weather report.
127
00:06:32,191 --> 00:06:33,893
The two men
get regular updates
128
00:06:33,960 --> 00:06:36,129
on the weather conditions
in Toronto.
129
00:06:36,195 --> 00:06:38,898
Overcast and rainy
with a chance of thunderstorms.
130
00:06:38,965 --> 00:06:41,134
Temperature in the low 20s.
131
00:06:48,207 --> 00:06:50,376
At Toronto's
International Airport,
132
00:06:50,443 --> 00:06:52,945
the thunderstorms are
already rolling through.
133
00:06:54,981 --> 00:06:58,284
Rain, wind and lightning
are hammering the runways.
134
00:07:00,486 --> 00:07:02,922
The lightning has already forced
airport authorities
135
00:07:02,989 --> 00:07:04,891
to declare a red alert.
136
00:07:04,957 --> 00:07:07,527
It means that the chance
of being struck by lightning
137
00:07:07,593 --> 00:07:09,328
is so great that ground crews
138
00:07:09,395 --> 00:07:11,731
are not allowed
to work on the planes.
139
00:07:18,805 --> 00:07:21,941
Just as flight 358
closes in on Toronto,
140
00:07:22,008 --> 00:07:23,910
it's put into a holding pattern.
141
00:07:23,976 --> 00:07:25,511
The weather isn't getting
any better.
142
00:07:25,578 --> 00:07:26,746
Air France 358,
143
00:07:26,813 --> 00:07:27,880
there's going to be
a little delay.
144
00:07:27,947 --> 00:07:29,382
Air France 358.
145
00:07:29,448 --> 00:07:31,017
Roger on delay.
146
00:07:36,155 --> 00:07:38,624
Ladies and gentlemen,
this is your Captain speaking.
147
00:07:38,691 --> 00:07:42,161
I'm sorry to inform you
that there'll be a short delay.
148
00:07:42,228 --> 00:07:44,430
There's some weather conditions
above Toronto,
149
00:07:44,497 --> 00:07:47,867
and we're just going to give it
a couple of minutes to clear up.
150
00:07:51,404 --> 00:07:53,272
While they're not
in the storm yet,
151
00:07:53,339 --> 00:07:55,041
the crew enters
their holding pattern
152
00:07:55,107 --> 00:07:56,876
northeast of Toronto.
153
00:07:56,943 --> 00:07:58,578
Their alternate airport is
almost
154
00:07:58,644 --> 00:08:00,746
200 miles away in Ottawa.
155
00:08:02,882 --> 00:08:04,150
At the moment, the plane has
156
00:08:04,217 --> 00:08:08,254
a little over 16,500 pounds
of fuel in its tanks--
157
00:08:08,321 --> 00:08:10,022
more than enough
to get them there.
158
00:08:11,357 --> 00:08:14,794
Typically a pilot will think
about the economic impact
159
00:08:14,861 --> 00:08:16,996
of diverting
to an alternate airport.
160
00:08:17,063 --> 00:08:19,966
While that is not
a primary decision maker,
161
00:08:20,032 --> 00:08:21,901
it is an alternate
decision maker
162
00:08:21,968 --> 00:08:24,070
as far if they have to divert,
163
00:08:24,136 --> 00:08:26,405
how are the folks
gonna be transported
164
00:08:26,472 --> 00:08:30,309
from that alternate airport
back to the destination airport
165
00:08:30,376 --> 00:08:32,879
that the airplane
was originally going to.
166
00:08:34,113 --> 00:08:36,482
Flying almost
300 passengers to Ottawa
167
00:08:36,549 --> 00:08:38,684
would be a logistical nightmare.
168
00:08:38,751 --> 00:08:40,486
But the crew can't circle
for too long
169
00:08:40,553 --> 00:08:42,154
with the fuel they have.
170
00:08:42,221 --> 00:08:45,524
If the delay continues, they'll
have no choice but to divert.
171
00:08:49,028 --> 00:08:50,897
Air France,
Toronto arrival.
172
00:08:50,963 --> 00:08:52,698
Your hold is now canceled.
173
00:08:52,765 --> 00:08:54,867
You are cleared
for a wasie 2 arrival.
174
00:08:54,934 --> 00:08:57,003
Maintain 5,000 feet.
175
00:09:00,339 --> 00:09:01,307
Air France 358.
176
00:09:01,374 --> 00:09:04,410
Roger on cancellation of holds.
177
00:09:04,477 --> 00:09:06,779
Cleared for wasie 2 arrival
and maintain...
178
00:09:06,846 --> 00:09:09,248
Today the delay
isn't long at all.
179
00:09:09,315 --> 00:09:12,752
Although the storm continues to
thunder down near the airport,
180
00:09:12,818 --> 00:09:15,021
the crew is put
into their landing sequence.
181
00:09:21,227 --> 00:09:24,330
Ladies and gentlemen,
this is your Captain speaking.
182
00:09:24,397 --> 00:09:25,831
I just wanted to let you know
183
00:09:25,898 --> 00:09:29,001
we're beginning our descent
into Toronto at this time.
184
00:09:29,068 --> 00:09:32,438
We should be on the ground
at about 4 p.m. local time.
185
00:09:34,840 --> 00:09:36,409
Usually
when they say 45 minutes,
186
00:09:36,475 --> 00:09:37,810
you know, it's to be nice.
187
00:09:37,877 --> 00:09:39,779
Usually it's like an hour,
an hour and a half.
188
00:09:39,845 --> 00:09:41,347
This time it was
like 20 minutes.
189
00:09:41,414 --> 00:09:42,581
20 minutes later they said "Ok,
190
00:09:42,648 --> 00:09:44,250
"well, now we're going
to go down,
191
00:09:44,317 --> 00:09:46,619
prepare, you know,
for the landing".
192
00:09:46,686 --> 00:09:49,088
With co-pilot
Frederic Naud at the controls,
193
00:09:49,155 --> 00:09:51,824
the plane begins
its descent into the storm.
194
00:09:51,891 --> 00:09:55,294
Air France 358,
reducing speed to 1-9-0.
195
00:09:55,361 --> 00:09:58,597
Naud isn't prepared
for what he's about to face.
196
00:09:58,664 --> 00:10:01,267
The storm has
a savage surprise in store
197
00:10:01,334 --> 00:10:04,403
for everyone
on board flight 358.
198
00:10:11,477 --> 00:10:12,878
Flaps two.
199
00:10:12,945 --> 00:10:13,879
Flaps two.
200
00:10:14,814 --> 00:10:16,015
F speed.
201
00:10:16,082 --> 00:10:17,283
Gear down.
202
00:10:17,350 --> 00:10:18,718
Landing gear down.
203
00:10:19,552 --> 00:10:22,154
Spoilers armed.
204
00:10:22,221 --> 00:10:23,556
Four green.
205
00:10:23,622 --> 00:10:25,458
Landing gear down.
Spoilers armed.
206
00:10:25,524 --> 00:10:26,726
Four green.
207
00:10:38,838 --> 00:10:40,940
It'll be fine.
Don't worry.
208
00:10:41,007 --> 00:10:44,810
It immediately turned into
very dark skies and dark clouds
209
00:10:44,877 --> 00:10:47,146
and a little bit bumpy
and choppy.
210
00:10:47,213 --> 00:10:48,814
And the weather outside
211
00:10:48,881 --> 00:10:51,050
was definitely within
a thunderstorm.
212
00:10:51,117 --> 00:10:52,585
But really and truly to me,
213
00:10:52,651 --> 00:10:55,654
it was just a typical
stormy landing,
214
00:10:55,721 --> 00:10:57,790
nothing out of the ordinary.
215
00:10:58,824 --> 00:11:01,727
In the main cabin,
though, not everyone is so sure.
216
00:11:01,794 --> 00:11:04,463
The plane was getting
very bumpy.
217
00:11:04,530 --> 00:11:06,098
There was a lot of turbulence.
218
00:11:06,165 --> 00:11:08,334
We were surrounded basically
by heavy rain,
219
00:11:08,401 --> 00:11:11,237
and this was completely
not expected.
220
00:11:11,303 --> 00:11:12,605
I didn't expect that.
221
00:11:22,515 --> 00:11:25,985
Air France 358,
slow your final approach speed.
222
00:11:26,052 --> 00:11:27,453
Air France 358...
223
00:11:27,520 --> 00:11:30,389
Co-pilot Frederic
Naud has the plane in position.
224
00:11:30,456 --> 00:11:32,158
He's moments from landing.
225
00:11:32,224 --> 00:11:33,392
Air France 358.
226
00:11:33,459 --> 00:11:34,593
Roger.
227
00:11:34,660 --> 00:11:35,828
Flaps to full.
228
00:11:35,895 --> 00:11:37,029
Flaps full.
229
00:11:53,512 --> 00:11:55,514
It was going
darker and darker.
230
00:11:55,581 --> 00:11:56,882
We were like in the middle
of hundreds
231
00:11:56,949 --> 00:11:59,385
and hundreds
of lightnings every second,
232
00:11:59,452 --> 00:12:01,654
we had lightnings all around us.
233
00:12:02,721 --> 00:12:06,225
So people were getting nervous,
quite nervous.
234
00:12:06,292 --> 00:12:07,293
I was getting nervous.
235
00:12:08,594 --> 00:12:10,429
Ahead of the Air France Airbus,
236
00:12:10,496 --> 00:12:11,997
two other planes
have just touched down
237
00:12:12,064 --> 00:12:15,134
on the same runway that
flight 358 is heading for.
238
00:12:16,335 --> 00:12:18,838
Air France 358,
this is Toronto tower.
239
00:12:18,904 --> 00:12:22,842
Toronto tower,
Air France 358, go ahead.
240
00:12:23,943 --> 00:12:26,178
You are cleared
to land runway 2-4 left.
241
00:12:26,245 --> 00:12:28,447
Be advised that preceding
aircraft reports
242
00:12:28,514 --> 00:12:30,149
braking action is poor
243
00:12:30,216 --> 00:12:32,384
and they estimate the surface
winds near the runway
244
00:12:32,451 --> 00:12:35,788
as 290 degrees
at 15 to 20 knots.
245
00:12:35,855 --> 00:12:39,325
Braking poor,
15 knots, gusts to 20.
246
00:12:39,391 --> 00:12:41,560
Air France 358, thank you.
247
00:12:42,928 --> 00:12:45,764
The crew is being
sent to runway 24 left,
248
00:12:45,831 --> 00:12:48,100
which will allow them to land
into the wind.
249
00:12:49,568 --> 00:12:51,670
It also happens to be
the closest runway
250
00:12:51,737 --> 00:12:53,339
to the city's biggest freeway,
251
00:12:53,405 --> 00:12:56,175
which is gearing up to handle
the evening rush hour traffic.
252
00:13:03,682 --> 00:13:06,552
Facing unpredictable winds
and a wet runway,
253
00:13:06,619 --> 00:13:08,187
the crew prepares
for the landing.
254
00:13:13,526 --> 00:13:15,227
Select autobrakes to medium.
255
00:13:16,595 --> 00:13:17,796
Medium is set.
256
00:13:19,498 --> 00:13:23,569
The final approach
for landing was hellish.
257
00:13:23,636 --> 00:13:25,938
Lightnings were all over,
258
00:13:26,005 --> 00:13:29,775
uh, turbulences were enormous.
259
00:13:29,842 --> 00:13:32,144
You could feel the pilot
fight with the plane
260
00:13:32,211 --> 00:13:36,649
to keep the plane in line
with the runway to land,
261
00:13:36,715 --> 00:13:39,718
and had a heck of a time
to keep it lined up.
262
00:13:41,420 --> 00:13:43,923
I know my son next to me
was getting very nervous,
263
00:13:43,989 --> 00:13:48,194
and I was nervous to see my
daughter actually far from us.
264
00:13:51,864 --> 00:13:55,367
I cinched up
my seatbelt tighter than it was,
265
00:13:55,434 --> 00:13:58,571
expecting a very hard landing,
266
00:13:58,637 --> 00:14:01,674
and the pilot was gonna stick it
on the runway
267
00:14:01,740 --> 00:14:03,842
or we were maybe gonna do
a touch and go
268
00:14:03,909 --> 00:14:05,711
and he was gonna give it power
and go around,
269
00:14:05,778 --> 00:14:09,215
because I knew that
it was not going to be
270
00:14:09,281 --> 00:14:10,983
just a normal landing.
271
00:14:13,819 --> 00:14:15,221
Landing.
272
00:14:15,287 --> 00:14:16,922
Autopilot, autothrust off.
273
00:14:18,157 --> 00:14:20,159
At two minutes
after 4 o'clock,
274
00:14:20,226 --> 00:14:23,929
Air France flight 358 roars over
the beginning of the runway.
275
00:14:51,257 --> 00:14:52,458
Put it down!
276
00:14:52,524 --> 00:14:53,726
Put it down!
277
00:15:02,201 --> 00:15:06,939
This landing
was more intense and harder
278
00:15:07,006 --> 00:15:10,409
than any time I've ever landed
in another aircraft.
279
00:15:13,412 --> 00:15:15,080
It was a very difficult
landing.
280
00:15:15,147 --> 00:15:17,216
And everyone started clapping,
281
00:15:17,283 --> 00:15:19,084
and even the lady
sitting next to me,
282
00:15:19,151 --> 00:15:20,986
I remember this very clearly.
283
00:15:21,053 --> 00:15:24,790
She said, you know, "Wow,
that was an amazing landing".
284
00:15:30,229 --> 00:15:33,632
And as soon as she finished
that sentence,
285
00:15:33,699 --> 00:15:36,135
then all hell broke loose.
286
00:15:40,739 --> 00:15:43,008
We started just,
287
00:15:43,075 --> 00:15:46,945
the plane started violently
going up and down.
288
00:15:47,012 --> 00:15:50,983
And it felt like we were going
a hundred miles an hour
289
00:15:51,050 --> 00:15:55,454
down a road filled with potholes
that were about three feet deep.
290
00:16:07,833 --> 00:16:10,569
and for me it's a picture
I will never forget.
291
00:16:11,737 --> 00:16:14,406
My daughter was sitting
ahead of us
292
00:16:14,473 --> 00:16:16,075
on the right side of the plane,
293
00:16:16,141 --> 00:16:18,944
and at that time she turned
her head towards us,
294
00:16:19,011 --> 00:16:22,781
you know, with very wide eyes,
you know, looking at us.
295
00:16:22,848 --> 00:16:26,018
And her face was surrounded
by this enormous aura,
296
00:16:26,085 --> 00:16:27,653
orange aura of fire.
297
00:16:29,722 --> 00:16:32,224
Then, moments
after touching down,
298
00:16:32,291 --> 00:16:34,560
still traveling
at 90 miles per hour,
299
00:16:34,626 --> 00:16:36,795
flight 358 runs out of room.
300
00:16:42,201 --> 00:16:45,204
At that point, I believed
that we were all going to die.
301
00:16:45,270 --> 00:16:49,007
It was obvious that no one
can survive this kind of thing.
302
00:16:49,074 --> 00:16:50,109
I thought this was it.
303
00:17:13,999 --> 00:17:15,467
The next thing
that I can remember
304
00:17:15,534 --> 00:17:17,603
is that an announcement came.
305
00:17:17,669 --> 00:17:20,305
"Ladies and gentlemen,
everything's ok.
306
00:17:20,372 --> 00:17:22,307
We've stopped now".
307
00:17:22,374 --> 00:17:25,611
Well, no kidding!
Of course we've stopped now!
308
00:17:25,677 --> 00:17:27,980
But I could tell
that everything was not ok
309
00:17:28,046 --> 00:17:31,583
because I could immediately
smell jet fuel.
310
00:17:33,185 --> 00:17:36,188
As the smell
of jet fuel fills the cabin...
311
00:17:36,255 --> 00:17:37,756
Fire!
312
00:17:37,823 --> 00:17:40,526
We have to evacuate now!
313
00:17:40,592 --> 00:17:42,961
...panic quickly spreads.
314
00:17:46,965 --> 00:17:49,735
Everybody was
expecting the plane to go up.
315
00:17:50,502 --> 00:17:51,603
It was obvious.
316
00:17:53,205 --> 00:17:55,974
Smoke and flames
are spreading fast.
317
00:17:56,041 --> 00:17:59,211
Now it's a desperate struggle
to escape.
318
00:18:05,083 --> 00:18:08,720
If they don't get out,
they have just seconds to live.
319
00:18:08,787 --> 00:18:11,123
We know that
about two minutes into a fire
320
00:18:11,190 --> 00:18:15,661
in many cases the environment
becomes untenable.
321
00:18:15,727 --> 00:18:18,130
So 90 seconds is
a good rule that we use
322
00:18:18,197 --> 00:18:20,699
in trying to get people out
to make sure they have
323
00:18:20,766 --> 00:18:23,035
as much time and safety
as possible.
324
00:18:24,369 --> 00:18:28,173
297 passengers are
desperate to leave the plane.
325
00:18:28,240 --> 00:18:29,274
Emilie!
326
00:18:29,341 --> 00:18:31,243
Emilie! Emilie!
327
00:18:31,310 --> 00:18:32,578
Daddy!
328
00:18:32,644 --> 00:18:34,279
The only thing
that matters to me now
329
00:18:34,346 --> 00:18:35,747
is to get my daughter Emilie,
330
00:18:35,814 --> 00:18:38,183
who's sitting like two seats
ahead of me,
331
00:18:38,250 --> 00:18:41,954
get her, get her under me,
and protect her as we blow up.
332
00:18:43,322 --> 00:18:45,891
Go! Go, go, go!
333
00:18:49,862 --> 00:18:51,864
Am I going
to try and get my luggage,
334
00:18:51,930 --> 00:18:52,731
my laptop?
335
00:18:52,798 --> 00:18:54,633
And then I thought to myself,
336
00:18:54,700 --> 00:18:59,371
what if I would die
trying to get my laptop?
337
00:18:59,438 --> 00:19:01,173
I just said, "Ok,
I've got to get out.
338
00:19:01,240 --> 00:19:02,674
I've got to get out".
339
00:19:02,741 --> 00:19:05,844
Flight 358 has
eight possible emergency exits.
340
00:19:05,911 --> 00:19:09,581
But seconds after the crash,
most of them aren't opened.
341
00:19:09,648 --> 00:19:12,417
People were crawling
over the seats.
342
00:19:12,484 --> 00:19:13,752
They were pushing each other.
343
00:19:13,819 --> 00:19:17,155
There was...
Basically all for yourself.
344
00:19:17,222 --> 00:19:19,525
Hey!
Stay calm, please.
345
00:19:19,591 --> 00:19:21,193
Please stay calm.
346
00:19:21,260 --> 00:19:22,928
It will be alright.
347
00:19:27,132 --> 00:19:28,267
Open the door!
348
00:19:28,333 --> 00:19:29,568
Open the door!
349
00:19:34,473 --> 00:19:37,676
And I could see
the air attendant there
350
00:19:37,743 --> 00:19:39,077
struggling with the fact
351
00:19:39,144 --> 00:19:41,980
that "Should I or should I
not open this door,"
352
00:19:42,047 --> 00:19:45,751
because the fire was raging
just in front of it.
353
00:19:48,153 --> 00:19:50,656
If the fuel tanks rupture
354
00:19:50,722 --> 00:19:52,624
and we have a lot of fuel
that gets out,
355
00:19:52,691 --> 00:19:54,192
either onto the ground,
356
00:19:54,259 --> 00:19:57,095
well, then there's enough heat
and fire there
357
00:19:57,162 --> 00:20:00,198
that would cause
the airplane skin to melt
358
00:20:00,265 --> 00:20:01,800
in a couple of minutes.
359
00:20:01,867 --> 00:20:03,302
At the front of the plane,
360
00:20:03,368 --> 00:20:06,171
thick smoke is pouring in
through one of the open doors.
361
00:20:06,238 --> 00:20:09,875
Joann Cordary-Bundock races
to the other side of the plane.
362
00:20:09,942 --> 00:20:11,476
The gentleman in front of me
363
00:20:11,543 --> 00:20:13,579
had his bag with him,
364
00:20:13,645 --> 00:20:15,047
and he was kind of
fumbling around with that
365
00:20:15,113 --> 00:20:16,882
and trying to take that
down the slide.
366
00:20:16,949 --> 00:20:18,917
And he was a rather large man,
367
00:20:18,984 --> 00:20:23,589
and the slide did not deploy
the entire way.
368
00:20:23,655 --> 00:20:26,792
So I kind of bailed
off the side above him
369
00:20:26,858 --> 00:20:28,126
and hit the ground.
370
00:20:29,094 --> 00:20:31,263
Eddie Ho
has found an exit, too.
371
00:20:31,330 --> 00:20:32,664
But there's no slide.
372
00:20:32,731 --> 00:20:35,801
Had people
pushing me forward.
373
00:20:35,867 --> 00:20:37,269
Basically you just had to jump.
374
00:20:38,136 --> 00:20:41,540
So what I did was, you know,
I prayed quickly
375
00:20:41,607 --> 00:20:45,077
and I closed my eyes and jumped.
376
00:20:48,347 --> 00:20:49,915
-Is he okay?
-I don't know.
377
00:20:49,982 --> 00:20:51,650
Is he okay?
378
00:20:56,021 --> 00:20:57,789
In the cockpit,
Captain Rosaye
379
00:20:57,856 --> 00:20:59,124
has been badly injured
380
00:20:59,191 --> 00:21:00,826
when his seat
was ripped off the floor
381
00:21:00,892 --> 00:21:03,295
by the force of the crash.
382
00:21:07,633 --> 00:21:09,201
As precious seconds tick by,
383
00:21:09,267 --> 00:21:11,403
the flight attendant
near the Lacaille family
384
00:21:11,470 --> 00:21:13,105
manages to open the exit door.
385
00:21:15,173 --> 00:21:16,708
Even though passengers
are confronted
386
00:21:16,775 --> 00:21:19,311
with the flames and smoke
of the burning engine,
387
00:21:19,378 --> 00:21:22,114
they jump out of the plane.
388
00:21:22,180 --> 00:21:23,482
So I pushed them
down,
389
00:21:23,548 --> 00:21:25,083
my wife went down,
I went down...
390
00:21:26,952 --> 00:21:30,288
We just ran up
as fast as we could
391
00:21:30,355 --> 00:21:33,392
through torn metal
392
00:21:33,458 --> 00:21:35,227
and thorns
393
00:21:35,293 --> 00:21:39,398
and like through whatever
was left of the ground
394
00:21:39,464 --> 00:21:40,666
where the plane was.
395
00:21:45,270 --> 00:21:47,472
Emergency workers
reach the burning jet
396
00:21:47,539 --> 00:21:50,175
just 52 seconds
after it crashes.
397
00:21:50,242 --> 00:21:52,010
But with the threat of
an explosion,
398
00:21:52,077 --> 00:21:54,112
it's dangerous to get too close.
399
00:21:56,581 --> 00:21:58,083
Philippe Lacaille and his family
400
00:21:58,150 --> 00:22:01,987
struggle up the hill the plane
has just plowed down.
401
00:22:02,054 --> 00:22:05,123
You know,
and at that point, the...
402
00:22:06,258 --> 00:22:07,492
The plane blew up.
403
00:22:11,763 --> 00:22:13,699
Once, twice,
three times,
404
00:22:13,765 --> 00:22:16,635
so you could feel and hear
405
00:22:16,702 --> 00:22:19,438
this enormous explosion,
actually.
406
00:22:20,439 --> 00:22:23,508
And of course, at that time
I figured, my God,
407
00:22:23,575 --> 00:22:25,177
that could have been us.
408
00:22:27,679 --> 00:22:29,548
About 35 minutes ago
409
00:22:29,614 --> 00:22:33,852
a plane ran off the runway
at Toronto's Pearson Airport...
410
00:22:33,919 --> 00:22:36,254
Footage of the crash
quickly appears
411
00:22:36,321 --> 00:22:38,056
on local TV stations.
412
00:22:38,123 --> 00:22:39,758
Philippe Lacaille's
daughter Audrey
413
00:22:39,825 --> 00:22:42,661
is one of the many people
shocked by the pictures.
414
00:22:42,728 --> 00:22:45,597
She turned on the TV,
and here we go,
415
00:22:45,664 --> 00:22:48,066
there was the Air France crash
right here,
416
00:22:48,133 --> 00:22:50,402
live in front of her, you know,
417
00:22:50,469 --> 00:22:53,371
burning, exploding
right in front of her eyes.
418
00:22:53,438 --> 00:22:55,273
250 people on board.
419
00:22:55,340 --> 00:22:59,277
We've have not had any reason
to make a statement yet
420
00:22:59,344 --> 00:23:02,647
as to whether anybody
has survived or escaped.
421
00:23:05,317 --> 00:23:06,918
Philippe Lacaille's son Julien
422
00:23:06,985 --> 00:23:09,254
is waiting for his father
at the airport.
423
00:23:09,321 --> 00:23:11,456
He has no idea
what has just happened
424
00:23:11,523 --> 00:23:12,758
to the Air France flight.
425
00:23:12,824 --> 00:23:14,926
What?
What do you mean where am I?
426
00:23:14,993 --> 00:23:17,028
I'm at the airport waiting
for mom and dad like...
427
00:23:19,030 --> 00:23:19,965
What?
428
00:23:21,166 --> 00:23:22,567
So Julien
didn't know anything,
429
00:23:22,634 --> 00:23:23,835
and he was there at the airport,
430
00:23:24,870 --> 00:23:26,171
and she says,
"Well, you know what?
431
00:23:26,238 --> 00:23:27,873
"I think you're going to have
to wait a long time,
432
00:23:27,939 --> 00:23:29,341
because their plane
just crashed."
433
00:23:31,042 --> 00:23:33,278
One of the busiest
highways in North America
434
00:23:33,345 --> 00:23:34,813
borders the airport.
435
00:23:34,880 --> 00:23:36,114
Just before rush hour,
436
00:23:36,181 --> 00:23:38,216
it's packed with thousands
of vehicles.
437
00:23:46,391 --> 00:23:48,326
Some of the passengers
who escaped the plane
438
00:23:48,393 --> 00:23:50,362
stagger to the edge
of the highway--
439
00:23:50,428 --> 00:23:54,299
where passing motorists stop
to take them to the airport.
440
00:23:58,870 --> 00:24:00,739
At this point,
there was only
441
00:24:00,806 --> 00:24:03,975
about 25 or 30 people
442
00:24:04,042 --> 00:24:07,445
with me
in the airport,
443
00:24:07,512 --> 00:24:12,417
and here you're also beginning
to think, is this all there is?
444
00:24:13,485 --> 00:24:14,920
As people are brought in,
445
00:24:14,986 --> 00:24:16,888
airport employees struggle
to account
446
00:24:16,955 --> 00:24:19,691
for all the passengers and crew.
447
00:24:19,758 --> 00:24:22,861
They were totally disorganized.
448
00:24:22,928 --> 00:24:25,964
There's no announcements
being made.
449
00:24:26,031 --> 00:24:29,935
There's nothing of any kind
of organization.
450
00:24:30,001 --> 00:24:32,470
And you're waiting
to be processed.
451
00:24:33,405 --> 00:24:36,074
Relatives wait
desperately for any news.
452
00:24:40,345 --> 00:24:45,483
Julien Lacaille is just one
of many who fears the worst.
453
00:24:45,550 --> 00:24:46,918
For a least
an hour and a half
454
00:24:46,985 --> 00:24:48,086
he thought we were dead.
455
00:24:49,120 --> 00:24:52,357
That's a shame because
of course we panicked,
456
00:24:52,424 --> 00:24:54,159
we were scared to death.
457
00:24:54,226 --> 00:24:57,295
But the families that were
waiting for the passengers,
458
00:24:57,362 --> 00:25:01,066
they were even more scared
because it lasted much longer.
459
00:25:01,132 --> 00:25:03,969
They really believed deep down
460
00:25:04,035 --> 00:25:06,204
that their family members
were dead.
461
00:25:09,341 --> 00:25:11,543
Finally,
hours after the crash,
462
00:25:11,610 --> 00:25:14,079
passengers are reunited
with their families.
463
00:25:15,146 --> 00:25:16,081
Julien.
464
00:25:17,082 --> 00:25:18,016
Julien!
465
00:25:19,351 --> 00:25:20,719
Are you ok?
466
00:25:20,785 --> 00:25:22,387
Hi!
467
00:25:22,454 --> 00:25:24,022
We're ok.
468
00:25:24,089 --> 00:25:25,523
How did you get in?
469
00:25:25,590 --> 00:25:27,225
We finally met up
with Julien,
470
00:25:27,292 --> 00:25:29,060
it was 11 o'clock at night.
471
00:25:31,429 --> 00:25:35,300
It was, whew...
You know, God.
472
00:25:35,367 --> 00:25:36,468
We're so lucky.
473
00:25:37,669 --> 00:25:39,738
We're so lucky we're alive,
you know.
474
00:25:42,540 --> 00:25:43,775
It's hard to explain.
475
00:25:46,144 --> 00:25:48,980
It's just one
of dozens of reunions.
476
00:25:49,047 --> 00:25:52,117
It takes hours to confirm,
but by early evening,
477
00:25:52,183 --> 00:25:54,486
Air France and
the local airport authorities
478
00:25:54,552 --> 00:25:56,655
can make the incredible
announcement.
479
00:25:56,721 --> 00:25:58,857
Remarkably,
every single passenger
480
00:25:58,924 --> 00:26:01,893
and all the members of the crew
of flight 358
481
00:26:01,960 --> 00:26:05,096
have managed to escape the
burning wreckage of their plane.
482
00:26:16,908 --> 00:26:19,144
The next day,
smoke and charred wreckage
483
00:26:19,210 --> 00:26:22,480
are all that remain
of Air France flight 358.
484
00:26:25,650 --> 00:26:28,019
The Airbus A340
is a sophisticated,
485
00:26:28,086 --> 00:26:31,056
highly engineered plane
with a glowing safety record.
486
00:26:34,359 --> 00:26:36,561
What had gone so terribly wrong?
487
00:26:42,367 --> 00:26:44,135
Canada's Transportation
Safety Board
488
00:26:44,202 --> 00:26:46,671
quickly begins investigating
the accident.
489
00:26:51,209 --> 00:26:52,243
Landing.
490
00:26:52,310 --> 00:26:54,045
Autopilot, autothrust off.
491
00:26:55,180 --> 00:26:57,482
Rain and lightning
had been pounding the airport
492
00:26:57,549 --> 00:26:58,917
all afternoon.
493
00:26:58,984 --> 00:27:01,886
Was it simply bad weather
that caused this crash?
494
00:27:03,855 --> 00:27:04,990
Put it down!
495
00:27:05,056 --> 00:27:06,691
Put it down!
496
00:27:10,996 --> 00:27:12,831
Neither the pilot
nor the co-pilot
497
00:27:12,897 --> 00:27:15,066
have spoken publicly
about the crash.
498
00:27:16,101 --> 00:27:18,803
We have to evacuate now!
499
00:27:18,870 --> 00:27:21,239
Citing lawsuits
that were filed soon after,
500
00:27:21,306 --> 00:27:24,576
Air France has kept all of its
employees who were on the plane
501
00:27:24,642 --> 00:27:26,011
from speaking to the media.
502
00:27:27,012 --> 00:27:28,480
- Is he okay?
-I don't know.
503
00:27:28,546 --> 00:27:29,814
- Is he okay?
-I don't know.
504
00:27:30,882 --> 00:27:32,851
But former Air France
trainer Herve Laborthe
505
00:27:32,917 --> 00:27:34,753
has spoken to Captain Rosaye.
506
00:27:36,821 --> 00:27:38,256
We spoke, let me think,
507
00:27:38,323 --> 00:27:39,591
for half an hour.
508
00:27:39,657 --> 00:27:42,560
He told me that this is
the crucial point--
509
00:27:42,627 --> 00:27:43,995
that he asked control.
510
00:27:44,062 --> 00:27:45,630
More specifically
he informed control
511
00:27:45,697 --> 00:27:46,998
that he had reached the point
512
00:27:47,065 --> 00:27:49,501
where he would have to
consider diverting.
513
00:27:50,802 --> 00:27:53,038
What he told me
is that control informed him
514
00:27:53,104 --> 00:27:55,840
that they would soon open
the runway.
515
00:27:57,342 --> 00:28:00,678
There was of course a lot of
lightning, rain and turbulence.
516
00:28:00,745 --> 00:28:03,681
And turbulence can have
a devastating effect.
517
00:28:03,748 --> 00:28:05,817
Instruments become
more difficult to read.
518
00:28:05,884 --> 00:28:08,153
The aircraft
is harder to handle.
519
00:28:12,457 --> 00:28:13,858
Investigators
discover
520
00:28:13,925 --> 00:28:16,928
that as the crew struggled
for control in the cockpit,
521
00:28:16,995 --> 00:28:18,830
on the ground,
delicate instruments
522
00:28:18,897 --> 00:28:20,899
used to measure the wind
at the runway
523
00:28:20,965 --> 00:28:22,967
were destroyed by lightning.
524
00:28:23,034 --> 00:28:25,003
With the ground equipment
destroyed,
525
00:28:25,070 --> 00:28:27,172
they were relying
on their onboard systems
526
00:28:27,238 --> 00:28:29,541
for information
about wind conditions.
527
00:28:29,607 --> 00:28:31,643
The onboard
equipment only gives them
528
00:28:31,709 --> 00:28:34,746
the actual wind direction
and speed
529
00:28:34,813 --> 00:28:38,450
on the nose of the aircraft
at that exact time.
530
00:28:38,516 --> 00:28:40,985
It does not predict
ahead of the aircraft.
531
00:28:41,052 --> 00:28:44,622
So the pilots really have
no way of knowing
532
00:28:44,689 --> 00:28:46,724
what lies ahead of them.
533
00:28:48,593 --> 00:28:50,161
But two planes
had touched down
534
00:28:50,228 --> 00:28:52,464
just minutes before
the Air France flight
535
00:28:52,530 --> 00:28:54,065
on the same runway.
536
00:28:54,132 --> 00:28:56,000
The crews of those planes
did their best
537
00:28:56,067 --> 00:29:00,038
to inform air traffic control
of the tricky conditions.
538
00:29:00,105 --> 00:29:02,841
Air France 358,
this is Toronto tower.
539
00:29:02,907 --> 00:29:06,678
Toronto tower,
Air France 358, go ahead.
540
00:29:07,879 --> 00:29:10,014
You are cleared
to land runway 2-4 left.
541
00:29:10,081 --> 00:29:12,250
Be advised that preceding
aircraft reports
542
00:29:12,317 --> 00:29:14,052
braking action is poor
543
00:29:14,119 --> 00:29:16,087
and they estimate the surface
winds near the runway
544
00:29:16,154 --> 00:29:19,724
as 290 degrees
at 15 to 20 knots.
545
00:29:19,791 --> 00:29:22,060
Braking poor,
15 knots, gusts...
546
00:29:22,127 --> 00:29:24,295
23-mile-an-hour winds
are strong--
547
00:29:24,362 --> 00:29:26,264
but are well within
the allowable range
548
00:29:26,331 --> 00:29:28,333
for landing an A340.
549
00:29:28,399 --> 00:29:31,769
But when investigators study
radar images of the airport,
550
00:29:31,836 --> 00:29:33,905
they discover
quite a different story.
551
00:29:34,973 --> 00:29:37,942
As flight 358 landed,
a sharp line of rain
552
00:29:38,009 --> 00:29:40,912
moved across the runway
from north to south.
553
00:29:40,979 --> 00:29:42,847
It was driven
by a sudden gust of wind
554
00:29:42,914 --> 00:29:45,016
of up to 38 miles per hour.
555
00:29:46,351 --> 00:29:49,087
The crew of the Air France jet
had to deal with conditions
556
00:29:49,154 --> 00:29:51,289
that were much worse
than they were expecting.
557
00:29:51,356 --> 00:29:52,257
Landing.
558
00:29:52,323 --> 00:29:54,325
Autopilot, autothrust off.
559
00:29:54,392 --> 00:29:58,997
33 knots is the
demonstrated maximum crosswind
560
00:29:59,063 --> 00:30:00,365
for an A340,
561
00:30:00,431 --> 00:30:02,600
and that would be
on a dry runway.
562
00:30:02,667 --> 00:30:06,237
So when you say 33 knots
at 90 degrees,
563
00:30:06,304 --> 00:30:10,308
you're encroaching on the limits
of the aircraft.
564
00:30:14,179 --> 00:30:15,813
A study of the Toronto airport
565
00:30:15,880 --> 00:30:17,682
reveals that
maintenance issues--
566
00:30:17,749 --> 00:30:19,050
and the storm itself--
567
00:30:19,117 --> 00:30:20,785
were forcing
air traffic controllers
568
00:30:20,852 --> 00:30:23,821
to use runway 24 left
for landings.
569
00:30:23,888 --> 00:30:26,191
It is the shortest runway
at the airport--
570
00:30:26,257 --> 00:30:29,360
almost 2,100 feet shorter
than some of the others.
571
00:30:32,063 --> 00:30:34,866
Blinded by rain
driven by unexpected winds
572
00:30:34,933 --> 00:30:37,769
and landing on the shortest
runway at the airport,
573
00:30:37,835 --> 00:30:40,338
flight 358 was
in a dangerous position.
574
00:30:43,441 --> 00:30:45,043
Over the previous four hours
575
00:30:45,109 --> 00:30:49,247
they had been made aware of the
terrible storms and red alerts.
576
00:30:49,314 --> 00:30:51,916
And that was, for me,
my biggest concern.
577
00:30:51,983 --> 00:30:53,885
Were they perhaps over-tired?
578
00:30:53,952 --> 00:30:56,588
Were they lax,
victims of routine?
579
00:30:56,654 --> 00:30:57,889
In any case, it's obvious
580
00:30:57,956 --> 00:31:00,458
they hadn't gauged
the extent of the danger.
581
00:31:02,760 --> 00:31:04,395
It's evident
that the flight crew
582
00:31:04,462 --> 00:31:06,397
didn't perceive the information
583
00:31:06,464 --> 00:31:08,900
that they were getting
from these various sources
584
00:31:08,967 --> 00:31:10,868
as being threatening.
585
00:31:10,935 --> 00:31:13,571
Therefore they attempted
to make a landing.
586
00:31:14,405 --> 00:31:16,007
But even in bad
conditions--
587
00:31:16,074 --> 00:31:17,875
even on a short runway--
588
00:31:17,942 --> 00:31:19,944
the crew had
more than 9,800 feet
589
00:31:20,011 --> 00:31:21,813
in which to land their plane.
590
00:31:21,879 --> 00:31:23,481
It should have been enough.
591
00:31:23,548 --> 00:31:27,185
To find out why it wasn't,
investigators look to the past.
592
00:31:28,086 --> 00:31:30,955
In 1999, an eerily similar
accident took place
593
00:31:31,022 --> 00:31:32,257
in Little Rock, Arkansas.
594
00:31:32,323 --> 00:31:33,625
-We're off course.
-No, I can't see it.
595
00:31:33,691 --> 00:31:35,260
Way off.
596
00:31:35,326 --> 00:31:37,061
Struggling
with unpredictable weather,
597
00:31:37,128 --> 00:31:40,164
the crew of an American Airlines
jet landed their plane--
598
00:31:40,231 --> 00:31:42,267
only to have it skid
off the runway.
599
00:31:46,037 --> 00:31:47,805
11 people were killed.
600
00:31:47,872 --> 00:31:50,375
Greg Feith helped investigate
that crash.
601
00:31:52,010 --> 00:31:53,678
One of the first things
that I thought about
602
00:31:53,745 --> 00:31:55,580
was deja vu.
603
00:31:55,647 --> 00:31:57,682
Having the first bits
of information
604
00:31:57,749 --> 00:32:00,051
about the Air France accident,
605
00:32:00,118 --> 00:32:04,622
it reminded me so much of
the American Airlines accident.
606
00:32:04,689 --> 00:32:06,224
In the little rock crash,
607
00:32:06,291 --> 00:32:09,193
Feith discovered that the crew
had made a critical mistake,
608
00:32:09,260 --> 00:32:11,896
which contributed significantly
to the accident.
609
00:32:13,164 --> 00:32:15,767
They hadn't followed
all of the checklist procedures,
610
00:32:15,833 --> 00:32:17,669
and they didn't have
the ground spoilers armed,
611
00:32:17,735 --> 00:32:20,972
which basically degrades the
efficiency of lift on the wing
612
00:32:21,039 --> 00:32:23,808
and settles the airplane heavily
on the main wheels
613
00:32:23,875 --> 00:32:26,210
so that braking action
is more effective.
614
00:32:27,312 --> 00:32:29,280
Spoilers are only
one of several ways
615
00:32:29,347 --> 00:32:32,950
pilots of passenger jets
stop their massive planes.
616
00:32:33,017 --> 00:32:34,552
Reverse thrusters are used
617
00:32:34,619 --> 00:32:38,222
to redirect the engine power
forward as the plane lands.
618
00:32:38,289 --> 00:32:41,092
And sophisticated brakes
help slow the jets down.
619
00:32:43,695 --> 00:32:45,863
To rule out
any mechanical fault,
620
00:32:45,930 --> 00:32:47,298
all three systems are examined
621
00:32:47,365 --> 00:32:50,501
by investigators
of the Air France crash.
622
00:32:50,568 --> 00:32:54,172
One of the brakes on flight 358
was destroyed in the fire.
623
00:32:54,238 --> 00:32:55,640
But the seven other sets
of brakes
624
00:32:55,707 --> 00:32:57,909
are all tested
after the accident.
625
00:32:57,975 --> 00:33:00,311
All of them
are working properly.
626
00:33:00,378 --> 00:33:01,346
Flaps two.
627
00:33:01,412 --> 00:33:04,148
Flaps two. F speed.
628
00:33:04,215 --> 00:33:06,851
Investigators in
Toronto also discover that--
629
00:33:06,918 --> 00:33:08,553
unlike in
the little rock crash--
630
00:33:08,619 --> 00:33:11,756
this time the spoilers
had deployed properly.
631
00:33:11,823 --> 00:33:12,757
Landing gear down.
632
00:33:12,824 --> 00:33:13,858
Spoilers armed.
633
00:33:13,925 --> 00:33:15,059
Four green.
634
00:33:16,160 --> 00:33:17,929
And when the engines
are examined,
635
00:33:17,995 --> 00:33:19,864
the reverse thrusters
are deployed.
636
00:33:19,931 --> 00:33:22,433
No obvious mechanical fault
can be found.
637
00:33:26,003 --> 00:33:28,005
As the investigation continues,
638
00:33:28,072 --> 00:33:30,875
a french newspaper
prints a bombshell.
639
00:33:34,278 --> 00:33:36,013
Le Figaro publishes a story
640
00:33:36,080 --> 00:33:37,982
claiming that
the thrust reversers--
641
00:33:38,049 --> 00:33:40,551
which use the jet's engines
to slow it down--
642
00:33:40,618 --> 00:33:41,886
were not turned on
643
00:33:41,953 --> 00:33:43,154
until the plane had been
on the runway
644
00:33:43,221 --> 00:33:45,590
for more than 12 seconds.
645
00:33:48,159 --> 00:33:49,827
As for Captain Rosaye,
646
00:33:49,894 --> 00:33:51,896
he confirmed
the newspaper report.
647
00:33:51,963 --> 00:33:55,366
His explanation was that
his co-pilot had tensed up
648
00:33:55,433 --> 00:33:57,068
and was having difficulty
controlling
649
00:33:57,135 --> 00:33:59,871
the lateral movement
of the plane.
650
00:33:59,937 --> 00:34:02,039
No doubt because
of the strong crosswinds
651
00:34:02,106 --> 00:34:04,075
and because the runway
was so slippery,
652
00:34:04,142 --> 00:34:07,512
his hand was clamped tightly
on the throttle release lever,
653
00:34:07,578 --> 00:34:10,615
which prevented the Captain
from reaching it himself.
654
00:34:10,681 --> 00:34:13,584
So the reverse thrusters
could not be activated.
655
00:34:17,054 --> 00:34:19,590
Shortly after
the newspaper story appears,
656
00:34:19,657 --> 00:34:22,360
investigators publish
their initial report.
657
00:34:22,427 --> 00:34:25,363
It confirms Le Figaro's
version of events.
658
00:34:25,430 --> 00:34:28,065
Canada's transportation
safety board reveals that,
659
00:34:28,132 --> 00:34:30,535
while the thrusters were found
in their on position
660
00:34:30,601 --> 00:34:32,069
at the crash site,
661
00:34:32,136 --> 00:34:35,139
they had not been deployed
as soon as the plane landed.
662
00:34:35,206 --> 00:34:37,175
In fact, it took 17 seconds
663
00:34:37,241 --> 00:34:39,610
before they reached
maximum power.
664
00:34:39,677 --> 00:34:43,414
The delay was
a question raised in the report,
665
00:34:43,481 --> 00:34:45,249
and I wouldn't want
to hazard a guess
666
00:34:45,316 --> 00:34:47,351
as to why there was
such a delay,
667
00:34:48,686 --> 00:34:50,321
or what was the cause of it.
668
00:34:50,388 --> 00:34:52,790
I just know that pilots,
as a rule,
669
00:34:52,857 --> 00:34:56,594
want to get those reversers in
as quickly as possible...
670
00:34:56,661 --> 00:34:58,396
For maximum stopping.
671
00:35:02,033 --> 00:35:04,502
The investigators
reveal other confusing facts
672
00:35:04,569 --> 00:35:07,472
about the last few seconds
of flight 358.
673
00:35:12,009 --> 00:35:14,078
When it came over the start
of the runway,
674
00:35:14,145 --> 00:35:16,714
it was twice as high
as it should have been.
675
00:35:16,781 --> 00:35:19,884
And when it did land, it was
nearly halfway down the runway.
676
00:35:21,886 --> 00:35:23,087
Put it down!
677
00:35:23,154 --> 00:35:24,055
Put it down!
678
00:35:25,857 --> 00:35:27,425
In these stormy conditions,
679
00:35:27,492 --> 00:35:29,627
the crew didn't have
enough time to stop.
680
00:35:32,530 --> 00:35:34,198
Once they found
that the airplane
681
00:35:34,265 --> 00:35:35,600
had floated down the runway,
682
00:35:35,666 --> 00:35:37,201
the pilot has to make
the decision
683
00:35:37,268 --> 00:35:38,536
whether we stay on the ground
684
00:35:38,603 --> 00:35:40,972
and try to salvage
this bad situation
685
00:35:41,038 --> 00:35:46,077
or we abort the landing,
power up, pull up and go around,
686
00:35:46,143 --> 00:35:49,313
get our stuff together and then
come back for a second landing.
687
00:35:50,381 --> 00:35:53,084
But decisions in
a cockpit are joint decisions.
688
00:35:53,150 --> 00:35:56,354
The Captain and
the first officer work together.
689
00:35:58,656 --> 00:36:01,459
If the Captain sees
that landing will be difficult,
690
00:36:01,526 --> 00:36:02,760
he must open throttle
691
00:36:02,827 --> 00:36:05,329
and go through
abort landing procedures.
692
00:36:05,396 --> 00:36:07,698
That's his duty.
693
00:36:11,602 --> 00:36:13,070
And of course, the co-pilot
694
00:36:13,137 --> 00:36:15,940
is also allowed to be
the first to act.
695
00:36:16,007 --> 00:36:17,441
But the Captain's duty
is to avoid
696
00:36:17,508 --> 00:36:19,577
at all cost
a lengthy touchdown.
697
00:36:19,644 --> 00:36:21,579
That is clear.
698
00:36:24,949 --> 00:36:26,817
By the time the plane
touched down,
699
00:36:26,884 --> 00:36:29,620
it had just 4,900 feet to stop.
700
00:36:29,687 --> 00:36:32,123
And when it did land,
critical seconds were lost
701
00:36:32,189 --> 00:36:34,191
when the reverse thrusters
weren't engaged.
702
00:36:39,463 --> 00:36:41,098
Would it have made
a difference
703
00:36:41,165 --> 00:36:43,668
to immediately activate
the reverse thrusters?
704
00:36:43,734 --> 00:36:45,303
Of course it would.
705
00:36:45,369 --> 00:36:47,905
Since reverse function
reaches its peak efficiency
706
00:36:47,972 --> 00:36:51,542
at high speed, that is
the exact moment of touchdown,
707
00:36:51,609 --> 00:36:54,211
that's what reverse
is there for.
708
00:36:54,278 --> 00:36:57,415
It's all a matter
of aerodynamic braking.
709
00:36:57,481 --> 00:37:00,651
The other problem is that
the wheels touched ground
710
00:37:00,718 --> 00:37:01,953
in the middle of the runway,
711
00:37:02,019 --> 00:37:03,154
and reverse or no reverse,
712
00:37:03,221 --> 00:37:05,122
at that point it was
already too late,
713
00:37:05,189 --> 00:37:07,625
as was pointed out
by the head of the inquiry.
714
00:37:08,726 --> 00:37:10,161
That being said,
715
00:37:10,227 --> 00:37:13,164
if the reverse thrusters
had been activated immediately,
716
00:37:13,230 --> 00:37:16,267
the plane would have come
to a stop more quickly.
717
00:37:19,737 --> 00:37:20,871
In heavy storms,
718
00:37:20,938 --> 00:37:23,574
the margin for error
is razor thin.
719
00:37:23,641 --> 00:37:25,209
On this rain-filled afternoon,
720
00:37:25,276 --> 00:37:28,212
sudden wind, a long landing
and a short runway
721
00:37:28,279 --> 00:37:31,649
sealed the fate of everyone
on board flight 358.
722
00:37:36,187 --> 00:37:38,723
What concerns some
in the aviation industry
723
00:37:38,789 --> 00:37:40,358
isn't this particular flight,
724
00:37:40,424 --> 00:37:43,628
but the reality that overruns
are far too common--
725
00:37:43,694 --> 00:37:45,730
they happen
all around the world.
726
00:37:47,031 --> 00:37:50,234
And safety procedures that could
stop them are not in place.
727
00:37:56,974 --> 00:37:59,176
Flight 358 wasn't the only jet
728
00:37:59,243 --> 00:38:02,079
to go off the end
of a runway in 2005.
729
00:38:04,215 --> 00:38:08,085
Worldwide, there were
37 other runway overruns.
730
00:38:08,152 --> 00:38:10,488
And the causes
of all these accidents
731
00:38:10,554 --> 00:38:11,889
were remarkably similar.
732
00:38:12,923 --> 00:38:15,426
There are a number
of causal factors
733
00:38:15,493 --> 00:38:19,196
that occur again and again
in runway overrun accidents--
734
00:38:19,263 --> 00:38:20,297
the weather conditions,
735
00:38:21,699 --> 00:38:23,401
the state of the runway surface.
736
00:38:24,335 --> 00:38:28,105
It can be wet, it can be icy,
it can have snow on it.
737
00:38:28,172 --> 00:38:32,309
Speed in excess of a normal
approach speed
738
00:38:32,376 --> 00:38:34,178
for the aircraft
739
00:38:34,245 --> 00:38:37,748
that does not then bleed off as
the aircraft attempts to land.
740
00:38:38,716 --> 00:38:40,618
And these factors occur
again and again
741
00:38:40,685 --> 00:38:42,787
in runway overrun accidents.
742
00:38:42,853 --> 00:38:44,622
Unlike the crash
at Toronto,
743
00:38:44,689 --> 00:38:46,724
some overruns are deadly.
744
00:38:46,791 --> 00:38:50,127
This southwest airlines flight
in Chicago slid off its runway
745
00:38:50,194 --> 00:38:52,897
several months
after the Air France crash.
746
00:38:52,963 --> 00:38:54,432
A small child was killed
747
00:38:54,498 --> 00:38:57,268
in a car that was driving
on the nearby highway.
748
00:38:57,334 --> 00:39:00,871
Many older airports,
in particular in big cities
749
00:39:00,938 --> 00:39:03,374
which have expanded out
towards the airport
750
00:39:03,441 --> 00:39:05,409
in the course of their growth,
751
00:39:05,476 --> 00:39:07,445
are constrained in the area
752
00:39:07,511 --> 00:39:10,981
that they can use for overruns.
753
00:39:11,048 --> 00:39:13,117
You have to consider
what happens
754
00:39:13,184 --> 00:39:15,019
when the runway
is contaminated--
755
00:39:15,086 --> 00:39:17,888
snow, ice, standing water.
756
00:39:17,955 --> 00:39:21,692
That will degrade the stopping
performance of the airplane.
757
00:39:21,759 --> 00:39:24,462
Add to that a tailwind component
758
00:39:24,528 --> 00:39:27,998
which was existent at the time
that Air France landed.
759
00:39:29,133 --> 00:39:31,335
The International
Civil Aviation Organization
760
00:39:31,402 --> 00:39:35,506
recommends that every airport
have a 984-foot safety zone
761
00:39:35,573 --> 00:39:38,909
at the end of runways that
handle international flights.
762
00:39:38,976 --> 00:39:41,779
Canadian standards
are a little less strict.
763
00:39:41,846 --> 00:39:44,281
They call for
a 200-foot overrun area
764
00:39:44,348 --> 00:39:47,051
and recommend another 300 feet
on top of that.
765
00:39:47,952 --> 00:39:49,987
Runway 24 left meets the low end
766
00:39:50,054 --> 00:39:51,522
of those recommendations.
767
00:39:52,456 --> 00:39:54,992
There was another
runway overrun accident
768
00:39:55,059 --> 00:39:57,895
to the runway in Toronto,
769
00:39:57,962 --> 00:40:00,064
which was very closely aligned
with the runway
770
00:40:00,131 --> 00:40:01,332
that is there at the moment,
771
00:40:01,398 --> 00:40:06,303
in 1978, when a DC-9,
an Air Canada DC-9
772
00:40:06,370 --> 00:40:10,174
rejected a takeoff
and ran into the ravine.
773
00:40:10,241 --> 00:40:13,144
Well, the plane
started to brake,
774
00:40:13,210 --> 00:40:15,012
and then there was just nothing
775
00:40:15,079 --> 00:40:16,313
and then we dropped
over the edge.
776
00:40:16,380 --> 00:40:19,150
There was about
a 50-foot drop, I guess,
777
00:40:19,216 --> 00:40:20,818
at the end of the runway.
778
00:40:20,885 --> 00:40:23,220
We just went over the top, and
then there was a heck of a bang
779
00:40:23,287 --> 00:40:26,891
and people and seats
all over the place.
780
00:40:26,957 --> 00:40:29,960
Two people died
in the 1978 accident.
781
00:40:30,027 --> 00:40:32,029
A coroner's inquest
after the crash
782
00:40:32,096 --> 00:40:36,100
recommended that the gully
be filled in, but it never was.
783
00:40:36,167 --> 00:40:38,803
It's a steep ravine,
it has about a 50-foot drop-off,
784
00:40:38,869 --> 00:40:40,704
and when you take
a large, complicated
785
00:40:40,771 --> 00:40:44,008
and fragile piece of machinery
like a commercial aircraft
786
00:40:44,074 --> 00:40:48,145
and you drop it 50 feet,
then it tends to break.
787
00:40:50,514 --> 00:40:53,384
There is a possible
solution to runway overruns.
788
00:40:53,450 --> 00:40:55,486
But it's not being used
in Toronto--
789
00:40:55,553 --> 00:40:57,755
or many other international
airports.
790
00:40:57,822 --> 00:40:59,089
It's called EMAS--
791
00:40:59,156 --> 00:41:02,026
or Engineered Material
Arresting Systems.
792
00:41:03,194 --> 00:41:07,798
It's a form of artificial stone
or artificial gravel
793
00:41:07,865 --> 00:41:09,700
which has a certain depth.
794
00:41:09,767 --> 00:41:13,270
And anybody who's ridden
a bicycle into a gravel pit
795
00:41:13,337 --> 00:41:16,273
knows that the bicycle stops
very quickly,
796
00:41:16,340 --> 00:41:19,143
and it can be almost impossible
to pedal it out.
797
00:41:19,210 --> 00:41:21,445
And the same thing happens
to airplanes.
798
00:41:21,512 --> 00:41:24,215
Several airports
in the U.S. use the system.
799
00:41:24,281 --> 00:41:26,917
But most international airports
do not.
800
00:41:26,984 --> 00:41:30,588
It's very much more
effective than friction braking,
801
00:41:30,654 --> 00:41:34,191
and it's certainly
incomparably more effective
802
00:41:34,258 --> 00:41:37,328
than thrust reverse
and spoilers.
803
00:41:37,394 --> 00:41:40,431
And any one of these systems,
when properly engineered,
804
00:41:40,497 --> 00:41:42,499
can stop a large airplane,
805
00:41:42,566 --> 00:41:45,703
no matter what the runway
surface conditions,
806
00:41:45,769 --> 00:41:48,505
in a very short distance.
807
00:41:48,572 --> 00:41:51,976
We have to evacuate now!
808
00:41:52,042 --> 00:41:54,712
But one vital
air safety guideline was met
809
00:41:54,778 --> 00:41:57,047
when flight 358 crashed.
810
00:41:57,114 --> 00:41:59,583
In spite of the smoke
and the spreading fire,
811
00:41:59,650 --> 00:42:01,485
the crew of the crippled plane
made sure
812
00:42:01,552 --> 00:42:04,922
that all the passengers escaped
in just 90 seconds.
813
00:42:08,192 --> 00:42:09,793
It's just a miracle
814
00:42:09,860 --> 00:42:12,496
that all of those people were
able to evacuate the airplane
815
00:42:12,563 --> 00:42:15,399
as quickly as they did before
the airplane was consumed.
816
00:42:17,134 --> 00:42:20,104
The Air France flight
was particularly noteworthy
817
00:42:20,170 --> 00:42:23,107
in that everybody got out
essentially unscathed.
818
00:42:23,173 --> 00:42:26,143
I know there were some injuries,
but everyone got out.
819
00:42:26,210 --> 00:42:29,280
So I think it was noteworthy,
820
00:42:29,346 --> 00:42:31,148
and it was
a very good evacuation
821
00:42:31,215 --> 00:42:33,350
from that perspective.
822
00:42:35,119 --> 00:42:36,420
Captain Alain Rosaye
823
00:42:36,487 --> 00:42:39,089
may never fly
for Air France again.
824
00:42:39,156 --> 00:42:41,592
His injuries required
extensive physical therapy
825
00:42:41,659 --> 00:42:43,160
after the crash.
826
00:42:43,227 --> 00:42:46,230
At the time, he was less than
three years from retirement.
827
00:42:47,698 --> 00:42:50,801
Every morning Captain Rosaye
relives the experience,
828
00:42:50,868 --> 00:42:52,903
coming face to face
with the flames,
829
00:42:52,970 --> 00:42:54,538
the noise, the crash.
830
00:42:54,605 --> 00:42:57,641
And it made him sad
to end his career on that note,
831
00:42:57,708 --> 00:42:59,310
having destroyed his plane.
832
00:42:59,376 --> 00:43:03,314
That's the worst possible fate
for a pilot, the worst outcome.
833
00:43:03,380 --> 00:43:04,815
The co-pilot,
Frederic Naud,
834
00:43:04,882 --> 00:43:07,518
is suspended for three months
after the accident.
835
00:43:08,452 --> 00:43:12,222
By early the next year, he is
back on duty with Air France.
836
00:43:12,289 --> 00:43:13,958
There are reports that,
after he helped
837
00:43:14,024 --> 00:43:16,193
Captain Rosaye
out of the cockpit,
838
00:43:16,260 --> 00:43:18,295
he was the last person
off the plane.
839
00:43:23,133 --> 00:43:25,970
The passengers deal with
the crash in their own ways.
840
00:43:28,205 --> 00:43:30,441
We really need
to take seriously
841
00:43:30,507 --> 00:43:34,545
those safety commands
and evacuation information,
842
00:43:34,611 --> 00:43:36,313
because you never know.
843
00:43:36,380 --> 00:43:40,417
Thank goodness I'm here
to be able to talk about it now.
844
00:43:42,586 --> 00:43:43,520
Open the door!
845
00:43:43,587 --> 00:43:44,488
Open the door!
846
00:43:46,223 --> 00:43:49,693
There's a lot of negative
in the accident,
847
00:43:49,760 --> 00:43:51,729
and there's a lot of positive.
848
00:43:51,795 --> 00:43:54,832
The negative is oh, my God,
you know, I'm going to die,
849
00:43:54,898 --> 00:43:55,933
oh, my God, it's horrible.
850
00:43:56,000 --> 00:43:57,368
Oh, I have these nightmares.
851
00:43:58,035 --> 00:44:00,004
However, you have the positives.
852
00:44:00,070 --> 00:44:04,742
And the positives are:
Gee, I'm alive, you know?
853
00:44:04,808 --> 00:44:06,744
I have been given
a second chance.
854
00:44:07,745 --> 00:44:10,080
I have been given a second life.
855
00:44:10,848 --> 00:44:12,182
And all of us,
856
00:44:13,584 --> 00:44:16,854
my wife
and my children, myself,
857
00:44:16,920 --> 00:44:21,692
we all experience the same
positive effects of the crash,
858
00:44:21,759 --> 00:44:23,427
which is we have to give back.
859
00:44:23,494 --> 00:44:25,262
We have to do something
for others.
860
00:44:25,329 --> 00:44:28,032
We have to extend our heart out,
861
00:44:28,098 --> 00:44:30,601
our compassion
to people who need it.
862
00:44:32,136 --> 00:44:33,771
It's almost therapeutic for us,
you know,
863
00:44:33,837 --> 00:44:37,141
the more you do for others,
the better you're gonna feel.
864
00:44:38,008 --> 00:44:40,044
So, for me, I figured, you know,
865
00:44:40,110 --> 00:44:41,979
if I can extend my heart out
to others,
866
00:44:42,046 --> 00:44:43,380
maybe it's gonna help me
as well.
66147
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