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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:00,240 --> 00:00:03,780 - [Vivek] If you want to seal the border, vote Trump. 2 00:00:03,780 --> 00:00:06,390 If you wanna restore law and order 3 00:00:06,390 --> 00:00:08,820 in this country, vote Trump. 4 00:00:08,820 --> 00:00:12,781 If you want to defeat the deep state, vote Trump. 5 00:00:12,781 --> 00:00:17,781 (suspenseful music) (keys rattling) 6 00:00:21,129 --> 00:00:22,620 - Hey, Johnny. - Hey, Paji. 7 00:00:22,620 --> 00:00:23,670 - I'm having a really hard time 8 00:00:23,670 --> 00:00:26,380 wrapping my head around this story, I must admit. 9 00:00:26,380 --> 00:00:29,973 - Yeah, and this concept of deep state has been so, 10 00:00:31,050 --> 00:00:36,050 I think poisoned by politics and Trump sort of using it 11 00:00:36,510 --> 00:00:38,220 for everything that he doesn't like. 12 00:00:38,220 --> 00:00:40,770 And it kind of makes it hard to approach it earnestly, 13 00:00:40,770 --> 00:00:43,110 but I think we have to keep digging, 14 00:00:43,110 --> 00:00:45,060 like I think there's something here. 15 00:00:45,060 --> 00:00:47,924 - Is the deep state real? - Is the deep state real? 16 00:00:47,924 --> 00:00:50,591 (ominous music) 17 00:00:56,780 --> 00:00:59,340 (ominous music continues) (glasses clinking) 18 00:00:59,340 --> 00:01:01,220 There's this moment in the '60s 19 00:01:01,220 --> 00:01:03,420 (ominous music continues) (rocket exploding) 20 00:01:03,420 --> 00:01:06,030 where you really like see how this actually works, 21 00:01:06,030 --> 00:01:07,530 like where power really is 22 00:01:07,530 --> 00:01:09,510 to the height of this moment where the US 23 00:01:09,510 --> 00:01:10,343 and the Soviet Union 24 00:01:10,343 --> 00:01:12,510 are in this like massive staring contest. 25 00:01:12,510 --> 00:01:14,100 There's nuclear weapons involved. 26 00:01:14,100 --> 00:01:16,290 Everyone thinks the entire globe could be wiped out 27 00:01:16,290 --> 00:01:17,400 in this conflict. 28 00:01:17,400 --> 00:01:20,460 And Cuba is centered right in the middle of it all, 29 00:01:20,460 --> 00:01:22,020 right off the coast of the US, 30 00:01:22,020 --> 00:01:24,960 but they're on the Soviet side of the conflict. 31 00:01:24,960 --> 00:01:26,940 The US at this point wants nothing more than 32 00:01:26,940 --> 00:01:29,220 to snatch Cuba, to make it their own. 33 00:01:29,220 --> 00:01:30,360 And they've been trying 34 00:01:30,360 --> 00:01:33,750 to kill Fidel Castro a million different ways. 35 00:01:33,750 --> 00:01:35,790 They're looking for an excuse to invade 36 00:01:35,790 --> 00:01:37,200 and to push back on all of this, 37 00:01:37,200 --> 00:01:40,380 the Soviets actually start shipping nuclear weapons 38 00:01:40,380 --> 00:01:41,706 to the island. 39 00:01:41,706 --> 00:01:45,240 (suspenseful music) The US has no idea 40 00:01:45,240 --> 00:01:48,330 until one day a spy plane is flying over the island 41 00:01:48,330 --> 00:01:50,832 and they snap this wild photo. 42 00:01:50,832 --> 00:01:52,770 (suspenseful music continues) (camera snapping) 43 00:01:52,770 --> 00:01:54,060 I mean, it doesn't look like a wild photo, 44 00:01:54,060 --> 00:01:56,610 it just looks like a random field in Cuba. 45 00:01:56,610 --> 00:02:00,240 But you zoom in and you see canvas tents, trailers, 46 00:02:00,240 --> 00:02:01,830 missile launch equipment. 47 00:02:01,830 --> 00:02:03,330 I mean, the US government immediately knows 48 00:02:03,330 --> 00:02:04,500 what they're looking at here. 49 00:02:04,500 --> 00:02:06,450 The world's most destructive weapons 50 00:02:06,450 --> 00:02:09,690 are actually hiding under these tents, ready to launch, 51 00:02:09,690 --> 00:02:12,510 sitting right in the United States' backyard, 52 00:02:12,510 --> 00:02:16,920 right off their coast, nuclear war 103 miles away. 53 00:02:16,920 --> 00:02:18,990 - Within the past week, 54 00:02:18,990 --> 00:02:22,320 unmistakable evidence has established the fact 55 00:02:22,320 --> 00:02:25,740 that a series of offensive missile sites 56 00:02:25,740 --> 00:02:29,310 is now in preparation on that imprisoned island. 57 00:02:29,310 --> 00:02:33,693 - It's a crisis, a Cuban missile crisis. 58 00:02:33,693 --> 00:02:36,330 (suspenseful music) 59 00:02:36,330 --> 00:02:39,720 And one man in Washington DC suddenly 60 00:02:39,720 --> 00:02:42,239 has a really difficult decision to make. 61 00:02:42,239 --> 00:02:44,190 (suspenseful music continues) 62 00:02:44,190 --> 00:02:46,650 Everyone around him wants him to invade Cuba, 63 00:02:46,650 --> 00:02:48,660 but he's not sure. 64 00:02:48,660 --> 00:02:51,000 Okay, but here's the kicker of the whole thing. 65 00:02:51,000 --> 00:02:53,310 Instead of stay at work that night 66 00:02:53,310 --> 00:02:56,430 and like figure out this crisis with his advisors, 67 00:02:56,430 --> 00:02:58,050 Kennedy gets in a car 68 00:02:58,050 --> 00:03:01,470 and travels across town to like a cocktail party. 69 00:03:01,470 --> 00:03:04,110 He came here to a house in Georgetown, 70 00:03:04,110 --> 00:03:05,700 the home of Joe Alsop, 71 00:03:05,700 --> 00:03:08,460 one of the nation's most influential newspaper columnists. 72 00:03:08,460 --> 00:03:10,680 It was the eve of nuclear war 73 00:03:10,680 --> 00:03:12,210 and the President of the United States 74 00:03:12,210 --> 00:03:14,427 kept his dinner date in Georgetown. 75 00:03:14,427 --> 00:03:17,280 And the reason why is because at that party 76 00:03:17,280 --> 00:03:18,900 were the people he trusted, 77 00:03:18,900 --> 00:03:21,450 the people who really had power in Washington 78 00:03:21,450 --> 00:03:22,350 during that time. 79 00:03:22,350 --> 00:03:25,290 Most of them lived here in this neighborhood, 80 00:03:25,290 --> 00:03:28,830 many of them side by side, all within a few blocks. 81 00:03:28,830 --> 00:03:31,620 William Colby, the far east chief of the CIA, 82 00:03:31,620 --> 00:03:33,510 he would later become the director of the agency, 83 00:03:33,510 --> 00:03:36,180 Chip Bohlen, a former ambassador to the Soviet Union, 84 00:03:36,180 --> 00:03:37,980 Allen Dulles, who (exhales), 85 00:03:37,980 --> 00:03:39,570 boy, Allen Dulles, where do you even start? 86 00:03:39,570 --> 00:03:41,310 He's the CIA's longest running director 87 00:03:41,310 --> 00:03:42,750 and he lived right here in Georgetown. 88 00:03:42,750 --> 00:03:45,720 Frank Wisner, one of the founding officers of the CIA, 89 00:03:45,720 --> 00:03:47,070 he lived just six blocks away. 90 00:03:47,070 --> 00:03:49,470 Felix Frankfurter, a Supreme Court Justice, 91 00:03:49,470 --> 00:03:50,850 just a couple minutes walk away. 92 00:03:50,850 --> 00:03:53,779 And Kennedy himself had a house in this neighborhood. 93 00:03:53,779 --> 00:03:56,250 (suspenseful music) 94 00:03:56,250 --> 00:03:59,700 The reason JFK kept his date in Georgetown that night 95 00:03:59,700 --> 00:04:03,630 was because this is where power in Washington was, 96 00:04:03,630 --> 00:04:06,510 on the other side of town from the Capitol building, 97 00:04:06,510 --> 00:04:08,340 the seat of American democracy, 98 00:04:08,340 --> 00:04:12,270 the decisions were being made here by unelected men 99 00:04:12,270 --> 00:04:15,497 who had an immense amount of secret power. 100 00:04:15,497 --> 00:04:17,220 (suspenseful music continues) (pictures clicking) 101 00:04:17,220 --> 00:04:20,760 These were powerful men who were not elected or accountable 102 00:04:20,760 --> 00:04:23,790 and at this point they'd become drunk on the worst kind 103 00:04:23,790 --> 00:04:26,670 of power, the secret sort of power that corrupts, 104 00:04:26,670 --> 00:04:29,610 the kind of power that our founders sought to check 105 00:04:29,610 --> 00:04:32,340 and balance with all of their founding documents. 106 00:04:32,340 --> 00:04:33,930 But here in Georgetown, 107 00:04:33,930 --> 00:04:36,240 it had moved beyond anything the designers 108 00:04:36,240 --> 00:04:37,500 of the country could have predicted, 109 00:04:37,500 --> 00:04:41,430 into a shadowy separate part of our government, a deep state 110 00:04:41,430 --> 00:04:44,130 that was actively blackmailing the Congress 111 00:04:44,130 --> 00:04:47,220 and working to undermine the President of the United States 112 00:04:47,220 --> 00:04:50,130 and being horrifyingly successful at it. 113 00:04:50,130 --> 00:04:54,390 - Unelected deep state operatives who divide the voters 114 00:04:54,390 --> 00:04:56,820 to push their own secret agendas. 115 00:04:56,820 --> 00:04:58,740 - You take on the intelligence community, 116 00:04:58,740 --> 00:05:01,860 they have six ways from Sunday at getting back at you. 117 00:05:01,860 --> 00:05:05,820 So even for a practical, supposedly hard-nosed businessman, 118 00:05:05,820 --> 00:05:07,500 he's being really dumb to do this. 119 00:05:07,500 --> 00:05:09,930 - As far as I know, we don't engage in assassinations 120 00:05:09,930 --> 00:05:11,730 and kidnappings and things of that kind. 121 00:05:11,730 --> 00:05:15,390 - I do think there has to be serious questions raised 122 00:05:15,390 --> 00:05:17,730 about some of the foreign policy blunders 123 00:05:17,730 --> 00:05:21,090 that this country has had over the last 20 to 25 years. 124 00:05:21,090 --> 00:05:23,130 - There's some truth in the idea 125 00:05:23,130 --> 00:05:27,210 that there is an ongoing group of people 126 00:05:27,210 --> 00:05:30,210 who continue the work of government 127 00:05:30,210 --> 00:05:32,100 as administrations come and go. 128 00:05:32,100 --> 00:05:36,870 And is it possible for these entities to go rogue? 129 00:05:36,870 --> 00:05:38,970 Absolutely. - Was the agency involved 130 00:05:38,970 --> 00:05:40,680 in the kind of domestic surveillance 131 00:05:40,680 --> 00:05:42,880 that has been portrayed in the news reports? 132 00:05:44,130 --> 00:05:46,834 - My feeling is that it has not. 133 00:05:46,834 --> 00:05:49,500 - (sighs) Okay, I am doing this. 134 00:05:49,500 --> 00:05:51,690 The deep state, is the deep state real? 135 00:05:51,690 --> 00:05:53,130 And if so, what is it? 136 00:05:53,130 --> 00:05:55,740 Before we do that, I wanna take a moment 137 00:05:55,740 --> 00:05:57,390 to say thank you to our sponsor. 138 00:05:57,390 --> 00:05:59,760 NordVPN is a longtime sponsor of our channel. 139 00:05:59,760 --> 00:06:00,750 We couldn't make this work 140 00:06:00,750 --> 00:06:02,430 if we didn't have sponsors like Nord. 141 00:06:02,430 --> 00:06:04,290 NordVPN is a tool that we use 142 00:06:04,290 --> 00:06:06,660 to surf the internet more securely. 143 00:06:06,660 --> 00:06:07,860 A VPN allows you to connect 144 00:06:07,860 --> 00:06:09,810 to the internet in more secure ways 145 00:06:09,810 --> 00:06:12,150 or to route your connection through a different country, 146 00:06:12,150 --> 00:06:13,350 which has all kinds of benefits, 147 00:06:13,350 --> 00:06:14,580 like being able to watch media 148 00:06:14,580 --> 00:06:15,750 that's available in other countries 149 00:06:15,750 --> 00:06:17,910 and even get discounts on certain things 150 00:06:17,910 --> 00:06:19,860 that are more expensive in the country you live in. 151 00:06:19,860 --> 00:06:23,310 But most people use NordVPN as a threat protection tool 152 00:06:23,310 --> 00:06:28,310 to block annoying ads, intrusive ads or invasive trackers. 153 00:06:28,830 --> 00:06:30,870 The internet has become very sophisticated 154 00:06:30,870 --> 00:06:33,240 and there's a lot of like secret stuff happening 155 00:06:33,240 --> 00:06:35,100 when you are surfing the web. 156 00:06:35,100 --> 00:06:37,050 Nord helps make that more secure, 157 00:06:37,050 --> 00:06:38,280 blocking the stuff you don't want 158 00:06:38,280 --> 00:06:41,850 and allowing you to feel safe while on the internet. 159 00:06:41,850 --> 00:06:45,510 Nord protects you against malware, password attacks, 160 00:06:45,510 --> 00:06:48,260 phishing, QR code scams, ransomware. 161 00:06:48,260 --> 00:06:50,550 It is an all around protection tool 162 00:06:50,550 --> 00:06:53,010 that makes life on the internet much safer, 163 00:06:53,010 --> 00:06:54,630 in addition to having these other benefits. 164 00:06:54,630 --> 00:06:56,910 I use Nord at a time when I travel and I use it 165 00:06:56,910 --> 00:06:59,070 when I'm accessing sort of more sensitive websites. 166 00:06:59,070 --> 00:07:01,800 Nord also has other useful tools like NordPass, 167 00:07:01,800 --> 00:07:03,210 which is a password manager. 168 00:07:03,210 --> 00:07:04,800 You can get this together with NordVPN 169 00:07:04,800 --> 00:07:06,870 if you choose the complete plan at checkout. 170 00:07:06,870 --> 00:07:08,310 So thank you NordVPN. 171 00:07:08,310 --> 00:07:09,270 There's a link in my description. 172 00:07:09,270 --> 00:07:11,190 It's nordvpn.com/johnnyharris. 173 00:07:11,190 --> 00:07:12,750 When you click the link, it helps support the channel, 174 00:07:12,750 --> 00:07:14,610 but it also gets you in a nice big discount 175 00:07:14,610 --> 00:07:17,850 and four extra months of free NordVPN 176 00:07:17,850 --> 00:07:19,380 when you sign up for the two year plan, 177 00:07:19,380 --> 00:07:21,510 and a 30 day money back guarantee. 178 00:07:21,510 --> 00:07:24,210 And you can start using NordVPN today at a discount. 179 00:07:24,210 --> 00:07:26,939 Thank you, NordVPN, for sponsoring today's video. 180 00:07:26,939 --> 00:07:28,500 (suspenseful music) 181 00:07:28,500 --> 00:07:30,825 So we ready, Nick? 182 00:07:30,825 --> 00:07:31,856 - [Nick] We're good. - [Johnny] Okay, sweet. 183 00:07:31,856 --> 00:07:34,217 Paji, are you on the board over there? 184 00:07:34,217 --> 00:07:35,507 - [Paji] Right here, we're here at the same. 185 00:07:35,507 --> 00:07:36,340 - [Johnny] Okay, if you can hear us. 186 00:07:36,340 --> 00:07:37,920 - I really want this. - Could you start 187 00:07:37,920 --> 00:07:41,250 by introducing yourself, who you are, and what you do 188 00:07:41,250 --> 00:07:43,290 and what your relationship to this topic 189 00:07:43,290 --> 00:07:45,030 of the history of the CIA is? 190 00:07:45,030 --> 00:07:47,340 - Yeah, so my name's Jefferson Morley. 191 00:07:47,340 --> 00:07:48,870 I'm a journalist in Washington. 192 00:07:48,870 --> 00:07:51,630 I've been a journalist in Washington for the last 40 years. 193 00:07:51,630 --> 00:07:55,380 - In the old days, spy agencies were a war thing. 194 00:07:55,380 --> 00:07:56,910 When the US was at war, 195 00:07:56,910 --> 00:07:59,610 it would set up an international spy operation 196 00:07:59,610 --> 00:08:01,260 to best wage that war. 197 00:08:01,260 --> 00:08:04,020 And then when the war was over, they would pare down 198 00:08:04,020 --> 00:08:06,390 or totally get rid of the spy agency. 199 00:08:06,390 --> 00:08:08,910 The thinking here was that a spy agency 200 00:08:08,910 --> 00:08:13,350 took up a lot of resources and threatened civil liberties, 201 00:08:13,350 --> 00:08:14,670 a lot of power concentrated 202 00:08:14,670 --> 00:08:16,470 into a bunch of unelected people. 203 00:08:16,470 --> 00:08:19,230 Worth it during war, not worth it during peace. 204 00:08:19,230 --> 00:08:22,110 But then the biggest war of them all came 205 00:08:22,110 --> 00:08:25,933 to America's Pacific doorstep and it changed everything. 206 00:08:25,933 --> 00:08:28,985 - [Announcer 1] And in today, the bombing of Pearl Harbor 207 00:08:28,985 --> 00:08:30,870 by enemy units. (bombs exploding) 208 00:08:30,870 --> 00:08:33,630 - And so Roosevelt now has a license, 209 00:08:33,630 --> 00:08:35,130 more of a license to do what he wants. 210 00:08:35,130 --> 00:08:36,630 And one of the first things he does 211 00:08:36,630 --> 00:08:39,330 is consult with a man named Bill Donovan. 212 00:08:39,330 --> 00:08:42,299 - [Johnny] Wild Bill, a corporate Wall Street lawyer 213 00:08:42,299 --> 00:08:45,300 who was obsessed with the power of intelligence. 214 00:08:45,300 --> 00:08:47,100 - Donovan had very strong opinions 215 00:08:47,100 --> 00:08:50,167 and he said, "You need a wartime intelligence service. 216 00:08:50,167 --> 00:08:51,360 "You're going to war." 217 00:08:51,360 --> 00:08:53,790 - Wild Bill Donovan would be in charge 218 00:08:53,790 --> 00:08:57,240 of the Office of Strategic Services or OSS, 219 00:08:57,240 --> 00:09:00,090 a centralized intelligence agency 220 00:09:00,090 --> 00:09:03,720 that would be given immense power to do whatever it took 221 00:09:03,720 --> 00:09:07,380 to keep our people safe and to keep our team on top. 222 00:09:07,380 --> 00:09:10,380 This was the birth of modern intelligence, 223 00:09:10,380 --> 00:09:14,310 a euphemism for spying, and lying, and cheating, 224 00:09:14,310 --> 00:09:17,070 and deceiving, and sneaking, and breaking, 225 00:09:17,070 --> 00:09:20,070 coercing, dividing and conquering. 226 00:09:20,070 --> 00:09:22,860 No idea was too crazy for the OSS during this time. 227 00:09:22,860 --> 00:09:25,200 Like one OSS psychologist had this idea 228 00:09:25,200 --> 00:09:26,910 that Hitler could be demoralized 229 00:09:26,910 --> 00:09:29,850 if they just showed him a vast quantity of porn. 230 00:09:29,850 --> 00:09:31,350 - [Jefferson] Paramilitary operation. 231 00:09:31,350 --> 00:09:34,380 - [Johnny] Strapping explosives to a bunch of baths 232 00:09:34,380 --> 00:09:36,360 and letting them loose over Tokyo. 233 00:09:36,360 --> 00:09:39,240 - [Jefferson] A guy skiing into Nazi occupied Norway. 234 00:09:39,240 --> 00:09:40,560 - [Johnny] Making fake companies, 235 00:09:40,560 --> 00:09:43,440 recruiting off Wall Street from all of his old colleagues, 236 00:09:43,440 --> 00:09:46,260 bringing in bankers and movie directors, 237 00:09:46,260 --> 00:09:49,230 fake radio stations, anything to demoralize, 238 00:09:49,230 --> 00:09:51,519 divide or confuse the enemy. 239 00:09:51,519 --> 00:09:54,060 - The OSS is the first intelligence agency 240 00:09:54,060 --> 00:09:56,190 that the United States ever has. 241 00:09:56,190 --> 00:09:58,440 - Oh, and one of Wild Bill's favorite things to do 242 00:09:58,440 --> 00:10:00,115 was to have parties at his house. 243 00:10:00,115 --> 00:10:02,733 - Hi, are we the first ones here? 244 00:10:02,733 --> 00:10:05,214 - [Announcer 2] It's the big night. 245 00:10:05,214 --> 00:10:06,570 - [Johnny] To plan and plot his operations 246 00:10:06,570 --> 00:10:09,390 with his friends in Georgetown, 247 00:10:09,390 --> 00:10:11,310 a neighborhood in Washington DC 248 00:10:11,310 --> 00:10:13,410 that is strikingly beautiful. 249 00:10:13,410 --> 00:10:15,120 Here is Bill Donovan's house. 250 00:10:15,120 --> 00:10:17,850 It's now worth $17 million, it's beautiful. 251 00:10:17,850 --> 00:10:19,770 And this is where he would have a drink 252 00:10:19,770 --> 00:10:22,170 and chat with other Washington power brokers. 253 00:10:22,170 --> 00:10:25,140 He would recruit new agents from American high society, 254 00:10:25,140 --> 00:10:28,740 earning the agency the nickname Oh So Social, pretty clever. 255 00:10:28,740 --> 00:10:31,577 Okay, but remember that spy agencies like this 256 00:10:31,577 --> 00:10:36,577 were a war thing only, and the war ended in 1945 257 00:10:36,662 --> 00:10:38,820 and the OSS got dissolved. 258 00:10:38,820 --> 00:10:41,760 - The forces of Germany have surrendered 259 00:10:41,760 --> 00:10:43,350 to the United Nations. 260 00:10:43,350 --> 00:10:46,110 - What do we do with the OSS now that we're at peace? 261 00:10:46,110 --> 00:10:49,297 And Truman says, "We don't want 262 00:10:49,297 --> 00:10:51,450 "to risk having an American Gestapo." 263 00:10:51,450 --> 00:10:53,820 - A political police. - His meaning, especially 264 00:10:53,820 --> 00:10:56,790 in the context of having just defeated the Nazis, 265 00:10:56,790 --> 00:10:59,640 was, you know, that's what led our enemy astray. 266 00:10:59,640 --> 00:11:02,580 They had a secret intelligence agency, the Gestapo, 267 00:11:02,580 --> 00:11:05,760 which wound up enforcing political norms 268 00:11:05,760 --> 00:11:08,820 and enforcing tyranny, and we don't wanna risk that. 269 00:11:08,820 --> 00:11:10,770 - Here's Harry Truman doing the right thing 270 00:11:10,770 --> 00:11:12,090 and signing a piece of paper 271 00:11:12,090 --> 00:11:14,760 that says that the OSS can no longer exist. 272 00:11:14,760 --> 00:11:16,260 I mean, Truman was freaked out. 273 00:11:16,260 --> 00:11:18,870 He's like, this was really great to help us win the war, 274 00:11:18,870 --> 00:11:21,660 but this is way too much power in the hands 275 00:11:21,660 --> 00:11:24,930 of unelected officials holding secret information. 276 00:11:24,930 --> 00:11:26,460 But it was kind of too late. 277 00:11:26,460 --> 00:11:27,930 Putting the genie back in the bottle 278 00:11:27,930 --> 00:11:30,797 would prove to be an impossible task. 279 00:11:30,797 --> 00:11:31,890 (ominous music) 280 00:11:31,890 --> 00:11:35,610 Is it significant that all these guys live four blocks 281 00:11:35,610 --> 00:11:37,260 from each other in Georgetown? 282 00:11:37,260 --> 00:11:38,340 - [Jefferson] Yeah, it's very significant 283 00:11:38,340 --> 00:11:41,340 because they're the product of this wartime culture. 284 00:11:41,340 --> 00:11:44,400 - This is one party that just has to turn out right. 285 00:11:44,400 --> 00:11:47,070 - Here is target number one for the Reds. 286 00:11:47,070 --> 00:11:49,140 And who's in the bullseye? 287 00:11:49,140 --> 00:11:51,240 You are. - So there was a brief moment 288 00:11:51,240 --> 00:11:54,420 after World War II when the Cold War didn't exist. 289 00:11:54,420 --> 00:11:56,130 We were at peace. 290 00:11:56,130 --> 00:11:59,850 But then almost immediately tension started to rise 291 00:11:59,850 --> 00:12:03,330 between these two great empires that had been allies 292 00:12:03,330 --> 00:12:06,150 to defeat the Nazis, but were now skeptical of each other. 293 00:12:06,150 --> 00:12:08,730 And senators were suddenly declaring that it was impossible 294 00:12:08,730 --> 00:12:11,520 to know where war begins and where it ends. 295 00:12:11,520 --> 00:12:13,110 - The Soviet Union and its agents 296 00:12:13,110 --> 00:12:15,360 have destroyed the independence 297 00:12:15,360 --> 00:12:18,570 and democratic character of a whole series 298 00:12:18,570 --> 00:12:20,520 of nations in Eastern and Central Europe. 299 00:12:20,520 --> 00:12:22,050 - And this is when all the intel people 300 00:12:22,050 --> 00:12:23,610 that had run the OSS, many of them 301 00:12:23,610 --> 00:12:26,010 who lived in Georgetown by the way, start calling 302 00:12:26,010 --> 00:12:28,050 for the resurrection of the OSS, 303 00:12:28,050 --> 00:12:31,290 a centralized intelligence agency that we can use 304 00:12:31,290 --> 00:12:33,990 to fight this new global war with the Soviet Union. 305 00:12:33,990 --> 00:12:36,300 But no, say a bunch of other lawmakers, 306 00:12:36,300 --> 00:12:38,940 the Constitution wasn't designed for us 307 00:12:38,940 --> 00:12:41,430 to put so much power in the hands of men 308 00:12:41,430 --> 00:12:42,690 who are doing secret things. 309 00:12:42,690 --> 00:12:45,877 Doing this will result in, "A police state run 310 00:12:45,877 --> 00:12:48,167 "by power grabbing bureaucrats." 311 00:12:48,167 --> 00:12:52,080 (ominous music continues) 312 00:12:52,080 --> 00:12:54,030 Too much power to, "Military leaders," 313 00:12:54,030 --> 00:12:56,647 and their, "Insatiable appetite for more money, 314 00:12:56,647 --> 00:12:58,507 "for more men and more power, 315 00:12:58,507 --> 00:13:00,240 "whatever the cost to democracy." 316 00:13:00,240 --> 00:13:01,770 - Truman's mind changed. 317 00:13:01,770 --> 00:13:06,720 And what changed Truman's mind was the growing confrontation 318 00:13:06,720 --> 00:13:07,710 with the Soviet Union. 319 00:13:07,710 --> 00:13:09,870 - And soon the papers were signed 320 00:13:09,870 --> 00:13:11,670 and a new agency was formed, 321 00:13:11,670 --> 00:13:14,610 the Central Intelligence Agency, the CIA. 322 00:13:14,610 --> 00:13:17,647 - When Truman signs the National Security Act, he says, 323 00:13:17,647 --> 00:13:19,147 "We have to be careful 324 00:13:19,147 --> 00:13:21,300 "that we don't have an American Gestapo." 325 00:13:21,300 --> 00:13:23,160 So that thought is still on his mind. 326 00:13:23,160 --> 00:13:25,950 - The CIA was the big shiny new weapon 327 00:13:25,950 --> 00:13:28,170 of the United States in the Cold War 328 00:13:28,170 --> 00:13:29,677 and their mission was to, quote, 329 00:13:29,677 --> 00:13:31,950 "Gain and distribute intelligence," 330 00:13:31,950 --> 00:13:35,077 and to perform, quote, "Other functions and duties 331 00:13:35,077 --> 00:13:39,450 "related to intelligence affecting national security." 332 00:13:39,450 --> 00:13:41,310 What does that mean? 333 00:13:41,310 --> 00:13:43,500 - Everybody knew what that language meant. 334 00:13:43,500 --> 00:13:45,180 Everybody knew that that was, 335 00:13:45,180 --> 00:13:46,650 and we just weren't gonna talk about it 336 00:13:46,650 --> 00:13:48,930 because we didn't wanna write it down on paper. 337 00:13:48,930 --> 00:13:52,050 - Like what do they do with this vague mandate 338 00:13:52,050 --> 00:13:53,760 of national security? 339 00:13:53,760 --> 00:13:56,619 - Oh boy, they go to town. - Who's that? 340 00:13:56,619 --> 00:13:58,075 (crowd chattering) 341 00:13:58,075 --> 00:13:59,444 - [Announcer 3] You must stir the ingredients 342 00:13:59,444 --> 00:14:00,959 in your chocolate cake. 343 00:14:00,959 --> 00:14:01,916 - [Announcer 4] "The Tonight Show." 344 00:14:01,916 --> 00:14:04,049 (screen screeching) - So clean 345 00:14:04,049 --> 00:14:06,570 but so soft and smooth. (ominous music continues) 346 00:14:06,570 --> 00:14:09,420 - Operation Paperclip, 1945 to 1959, 347 00:14:09,420 --> 00:14:13,380 the Americans wanted to get those Nazi rocket scientists 348 00:14:13,380 --> 00:14:14,213 on their side 349 00:14:14,213 --> 00:14:16,350 so that they could develop their own rocket capacity. 350 00:14:16,350 --> 00:14:17,790 James Angleton, for example, 351 00:14:17,790 --> 00:14:20,103 protects a general under Hitler. 352 00:14:21,000 --> 00:14:22,433 - CIA, gets involved in the Italian elections. 353 00:14:22,433 --> 00:14:24,240 - Italian elections, 1948, 354 00:14:24,240 --> 00:14:26,550 puts its thumb on the Italian democracy 355 00:14:26,550 --> 00:14:29,070 and make sure that US allies win. 356 00:14:29,070 --> 00:14:32,900 - [Johnny] Operation Ajax, coup in Iran, 1953. 357 00:14:32,900 --> 00:14:34,950 - [Jefferson] The CIA and the MI6 organized a coup 358 00:14:34,950 --> 00:14:37,350 to overthrow the democratically elected government. 359 00:14:37,350 --> 00:14:38,850 - Now that we encouraged the Shah 360 00:14:38,850 --> 00:14:40,740 to take that action I will not deny. 361 00:14:40,740 --> 00:14:43,170 - [Johnny] CIA coup, Guatemala, 1954, bananas, 362 00:14:43,170 --> 00:14:44,820 for of course, bananas. - [Jefferson] Again, 363 00:14:44,820 --> 00:14:47,100 democratically elected government reformists wanted 364 00:14:47,100 --> 00:14:48,330 to engage in land reform 365 00:14:48,330 --> 00:14:50,850 and the CIA overthrows it really at the behest 366 00:14:50,850 --> 00:14:52,350 of the United Fruit Company. 367 00:14:52,350 --> 00:14:55,320 - The CIA is now helping American corporations? 368 00:14:55,320 --> 00:14:57,030 - [Jefferson] The influence of American corporations 369 00:14:57,030 --> 00:14:59,670 on the CIA actions is unmistakable. 370 00:14:59,670 --> 00:15:01,470 Allen Dulles was on the board of directors, 371 00:15:01,470 --> 00:15:03,870 Howard Hunt, Birch O'Neal, David Phillips, 372 00:15:03,870 --> 00:15:05,520 CIA coup in Congo. - Congo. 373 00:15:05,520 --> 00:15:09,789 - [Jefferson] Early 1960s, CIA coup in Chile, 1973. 374 00:15:09,789 --> 00:15:13,473 (suspenseful music) - Las Vegas. 375 00:15:14,370 --> 00:15:17,310 - The assassination operation against General Schneider 376 00:15:17,310 --> 00:15:20,970 in 1970 is coordinated with Kissinger's office. 377 00:15:20,970 --> 00:15:22,860 - Thank you, nice to see you all. 378 00:15:22,860 --> 00:15:26,350 - [Johnny] Mind control experiments, MKUltra. 379 00:15:26,350 --> 00:15:29,490 - In 1950, the CIA launches a massive program 380 00:15:29,490 --> 00:15:33,150 to develop means of controlling people's minds. 381 00:15:33,150 --> 00:15:35,820 Some 40 US academic institutions 382 00:15:35,820 --> 00:15:36,800 were involved in this kind of research. 383 00:15:36,800 --> 00:15:39,330 - [Johnny] Feeding LSD to people without their permission. 384 00:15:39,330 --> 00:15:40,830 - [Jefferson] Can we develop a truth serum, 385 00:15:40,830 --> 00:15:44,387 dosing somebody with LSD 60 times in a week? 386 00:15:45,773 --> 00:15:46,639 NSA's Operation Shamrock. 387 00:15:46,639 --> 00:15:47,520 - [Johnny] Operation Shamrock. 388 00:15:47,520 --> 00:15:50,430 - [Jefferson] Electronic surveillance, 1945 to 1975, 389 00:15:50,430 --> 00:15:52,320 the first warrantless wire tap. 390 00:15:52,320 --> 00:15:54,150 - Oh God, Bay of Pigs nightmare. 391 00:15:54,150 --> 00:15:55,230 - [Jefferson] There were hundreds 392 00:15:55,230 --> 00:15:58,560 of CIA assassination plots. - Operation Phoenix. 393 00:15:58,560 --> 00:16:01,680 - [Jefferson] Eventually Bill Colby, who was later director, 394 00:16:01,680 --> 00:16:04,320 admitted that they had killed 20,000 people. 395 00:16:04,320 --> 00:16:05,828 - Operation Mockingbird. 396 00:16:05,828 --> 00:16:07,020 - [Jefferson] COINTELPRO. - [Johnny] COINTELPRO, 397 00:16:07,020 --> 00:16:09,750 Operation Chaos, Watergate, Jim Critchfield, 398 00:16:09,750 --> 00:16:13,830 Frank Wisner, James Angleton, Roosevelt, John Foster, McCoy. 399 00:16:13,830 --> 00:16:16,650 - [Jefferson] The CIA coup in Indonesia, CIA coup in Greece, 400 00:16:16,650 --> 00:16:19,320 CIA involvement in the Guatemalan Civil War. 401 00:16:19,320 --> 00:16:22,080 It was a CIA crime spree for 20 years. 402 00:16:22,080 --> 00:16:23,721 There's no other way to describe it. 403 00:16:23,721 --> 00:16:24,840 (suspenseful music) 404 00:16:24,840 --> 00:16:28,710 - So by the 1970s, the CIA is this powerful, 405 00:16:28,710 --> 00:16:32,580 well-funded machine of intelligence 406 00:16:32,580 --> 00:16:35,760 that is doing a lot of secret things all around the world. 407 00:16:35,760 --> 00:16:38,370 They start blackmailing lawmakers 408 00:16:38,370 --> 00:16:41,130 to scare them away from investigating them 409 00:16:41,130 --> 00:16:42,090 and reigning them in. 410 00:16:42,090 --> 00:16:47,090 - These agencies had harmful personal information 411 00:16:47,250 --> 00:16:48,390 on lots of people. 412 00:16:48,390 --> 00:16:49,710 When I was doing my Angleton book, 413 00:16:49,710 --> 00:16:52,710 a guy told me one day when he went to meet Angleton, 414 00:16:52,710 --> 00:16:56,430 Angleton quoted back to him what he had said to his wife 415 00:16:56,430 --> 00:16:58,863 in bed the night before. - Jesus. 416 00:16:59,730 --> 00:17:01,500 - And so, they had this capacity 417 00:17:01,500 --> 00:17:03,300 and people knew that they had this capacity. 418 00:17:03,300 --> 00:17:04,589 You know, the Kennedys knew 419 00:17:04,589 --> 00:17:09,089 that J. Edgar Hoover had information about his affairs 420 00:17:09,089 --> 00:17:10,652 with various women. 421 00:17:10,653 --> 00:17:14,653 ♪ Happy birthday, Mr. President ♪ 422 00:17:16,170 --> 00:17:18,599 - This kind of knowledge that they had, 423 00:17:18,599 --> 00:17:21,479 Angleton and Hoover were masters at using 424 00:17:21,480 --> 00:17:23,190 those kind of secrets as leverage. 425 00:17:23,190 --> 00:17:25,380 Kennedy had this thing hanging over his head 426 00:17:25,380 --> 00:17:29,070 and he knew Hoover, you know, had that on him. 427 00:17:29,070 --> 00:17:31,533 And so, you know, he couldn't fire Hoover. 428 00:17:33,180 --> 00:17:36,090 - And so much of this power is concentrated 429 00:17:36,090 --> 00:17:39,060 among just a few people, many of them not elected, 430 00:17:39,060 --> 00:17:41,730 and many of them living right here along these streets 431 00:17:41,730 --> 00:17:45,330 in this neighborhood of Georgetown, living in fancy homes, 432 00:17:45,330 --> 00:17:47,190 having fancy cocktail parties 433 00:17:47,190 --> 00:17:49,230 and kind of running the Western world. 434 00:17:49,230 --> 00:17:54,150 It's exactly the nightmare of the founders of the country 435 00:17:54,150 --> 00:17:56,250 and the nightmare of President Truman. 436 00:17:56,250 --> 00:17:57,810 - And one month after the assassination 437 00:17:57,810 --> 00:18:00,570 of President Kennedy, Harry Truman publishes an article 438 00:18:00,570 --> 00:18:02,437 in the "Washington Post" and says, 439 00:18:02,437 --> 00:18:04,500 "The CIA should be abolished." 440 00:18:04,500 --> 00:18:06,577 - Wow. - And he says, 441 00:18:06,577 --> 00:18:09,427 "It has cast a shadow on the historical reputation 442 00:18:09,427 --> 00:18:10,827 "of the United States." 443 00:18:12,690 --> 00:18:14,700 - The man who signed the piece of paper 444 00:18:14,700 --> 00:18:18,180 that created the CIA comes out and says he regrets it. 445 00:18:18,180 --> 00:18:20,280 Eventually Americans start to get savvy to the fact 446 00:18:20,280 --> 00:18:23,923 that their government is sort of going off the rails. 447 00:18:23,923 --> 00:18:26,760 (suspenseful music) (bell ringing) 448 00:18:26,760 --> 00:18:29,760 As this war in Vietnam drags on, 449 00:18:29,760 --> 00:18:32,880 more and more Americans stand up and say enough, 450 00:18:32,880 --> 00:18:36,090 demanding accountability for a national security apparatus 451 00:18:36,090 --> 00:18:37,890 that had gotten out of control. 452 00:18:37,890 --> 00:18:40,050 And what does the government do in response? 453 00:18:40,050 --> 00:18:42,630 They start spying on the protestors. 454 00:18:42,630 --> 00:18:44,940 - Operation Chaos was the CIA spying 455 00:18:44,940 --> 00:18:46,320 on the anti-war movement. 456 00:18:46,320 --> 00:18:49,380 Johnson calls in Dick Helms and says, "What's going on?" 457 00:18:49,380 --> 00:18:51,510 They said, "Communists have to be behind this." 458 00:18:51,510 --> 00:18:54,120 And so they start infiltrating the anti-war movement 459 00:18:54,120 --> 00:18:56,070 and they come back in about a year 460 00:18:56,070 --> 00:18:59,047 and they say, "Well, you know, Moscow 461 00:18:59,047 --> 00:19:00,217 "and the North Vietnamese, 462 00:19:00,217 --> 00:19:01,957 "they really like this anti-war movement, 463 00:19:01,957 --> 00:19:05,017 "but it's not controlled by them, it's not funded by them. 464 00:19:05,017 --> 00:19:07,567 "It's pretty much an American thing, you know, 465 00:19:07,567 --> 00:19:08,760 "but that doesn't change anything." 466 00:19:08,760 --> 00:19:13,260 And Chaos continues to grow and eventually by 1970, 467 00:19:13,260 --> 00:19:16,590 there's 30 officers working on it, hundreds of agents. 468 00:19:16,590 --> 00:19:19,320 And you know, the ostensible purpose of Chaos, 469 00:19:19,320 --> 00:19:21,030 to detect a foreign hand, 470 00:19:21,030 --> 00:19:23,670 I mean, Chaos was in existence for seven years, 471 00:19:23,670 --> 00:19:26,400 every time they were asked to report on it, they came back 472 00:19:26,400 --> 00:19:28,830 and said, it's not foreign controlled 473 00:19:28,830 --> 00:19:30,930 and it's not foreign funded, which was obvious 474 00:19:30,930 --> 00:19:33,060 to anybody who was involved in the anti-war movement. 475 00:19:33,060 --> 00:19:35,617 There were a lot of people inside the CIA saying, 476 00:19:35,617 --> 00:19:39,247 "You know, we're spying on our wives and kids basically, 477 00:19:39,247 --> 00:19:41,227 "you know, they're going to the demonstrations 478 00:19:41,227 --> 00:19:42,907 "and we're reading the reports at night. 479 00:19:42,907 --> 00:19:44,070 "We shouldn't be doing this." 480 00:19:44,070 --> 00:19:46,860 - Are we trying to exterminate an entire people? 481 00:19:46,860 --> 00:19:48,510 What have we become as a nation? 482 00:19:48,510 --> 00:19:50,400 - Americans were waking up to the fact 483 00:19:50,400 --> 00:19:53,910 that these unelected men were wielding way too much power 484 00:19:53,910 --> 00:19:56,640 and spying not only on the entire world, 485 00:19:56,640 --> 00:19:59,015 but on Americans themselves. 486 00:19:59,015 --> 00:20:02,098 (suspenseful music) 487 00:20:05,700 --> 00:20:08,820 - We have been victimized by excessive secrecy, 488 00:20:08,820 --> 00:20:11,250 not only with respect to the failure of the Congress 489 00:20:11,250 --> 00:20:13,740 in the past to exercise proper surveillance 490 00:20:13,740 --> 00:20:15,090 over intelligence activities, 491 00:20:15,090 --> 00:20:19,320 but also excessive secrecy has created this kind 492 00:20:19,320 --> 00:20:21,570 of mischief within the executive branch. 493 00:20:21,570 --> 00:20:24,750 - [Johnny] Senator Frank Church helps lead the charge 494 00:20:24,750 --> 00:20:27,900 of taking all of these secrets and excesses 495 00:20:27,900 --> 00:20:30,450 and thrusting them onto the national stage 496 00:20:30,450 --> 00:20:31,770 and shining a light on them. 497 00:20:31,770 --> 00:20:34,260 - There has never been a full public accounting 498 00:20:34,260 --> 00:20:37,080 of FBI domestic intelligence operations. 499 00:20:37,080 --> 00:20:39,450 - The American people are learning 500 00:20:39,450 --> 00:20:43,230 for the first time just how bad this was. 501 00:20:43,230 --> 00:20:47,400 800 witnesses, 10,000 documents. 502 00:20:47,400 --> 00:20:49,470 Their secrets were shared. 503 00:20:49,470 --> 00:20:54,210 CIA, FBI, NSA, assassination plots. 504 00:20:54,210 --> 00:20:57,750 - Does this pistol fire the dart? 505 00:20:57,750 --> 00:20:59,220 - [William] Yes, it does, Mr. Chairman. 506 00:20:59,220 --> 00:21:01,590 - [Frank] When it fires, it fires silently? 507 00:21:01,590 --> 00:21:02,970 - [William] Almost silently, yes. 508 00:21:02,970 --> 00:21:04,710 - Spying on Americans. 509 00:21:04,710 --> 00:21:07,500 - A wholly comprehensive listing 510 00:21:07,500 --> 00:21:09,840 of everything those people fought 511 00:21:09,840 --> 00:21:12,750 or did on any subject you can imagine, 512 00:21:12,750 --> 00:21:14,220 they're having a concern with. 513 00:21:14,220 --> 00:21:16,980 - [Johnny] Targeting people like Martin Luther King Jr. 514 00:21:16,980 --> 00:21:19,650 and other civil rights or feminist activists. 515 00:21:19,650 --> 00:21:23,370 - Bureau agents were told to attack the new left 516 00:21:23,370 --> 00:21:26,310 by disinformation and misinformation. 517 00:21:26,310 --> 00:21:29,460 - [Johnny] Anti-war protestors were spied on, intimidated. 518 00:21:29,460 --> 00:21:34,460 - COINTELPRO is the name for the effort by the bureau 519 00:21:34,980 --> 00:21:38,850 to destroy people and to destroy organizations, 520 00:21:38,850 --> 00:21:41,670 or as they used the words, disrupt and neutralize. 521 00:21:41,670 --> 00:21:45,120 The bureau went so far as to mail anonymous letters 522 00:21:45,120 --> 00:21:46,687 to Dr. King and his wife. 523 00:21:46,687 --> 00:21:49,087 "King, there is only one thing left for you to do. 524 00:21:49,087 --> 00:21:50,617 "You know what it is. 525 00:21:50,617 --> 00:21:54,600 "You have just 34 days in which to do it, you are done." 526 00:21:54,600 --> 00:21:57,360 - That was taken by Dr. King to mean a suggestion 527 00:21:57,360 --> 00:21:58,530 for suicide, was it not? 528 00:21:58,530 --> 00:22:00,930 - [Frederick] That's our understanding, Senator. 529 00:22:01,860 --> 00:22:05,220 - The CIA's LSD mind control experiments 530 00:22:05,220 --> 00:22:06,930 were also detailed to the public. 531 00:22:06,930 --> 00:22:08,580 - [Jefferson] One of the first things they come across 532 00:22:08,580 --> 00:22:11,190 is the MKUltra papers. 533 00:22:11,190 --> 00:22:13,740 - And so were the FBI and CIA's attempts 534 00:22:13,740 --> 00:22:17,010 to infiltrate the free press, planting journalists 535 00:22:17,010 --> 00:22:19,230 within our newspapers. 536 00:22:19,230 --> 00:22:21,960 We would later learn in some investigative reporting 537 00:22:21,960 --> 00:22:23,430 that this infiltration of the free press 538 00:22:23,430 --> 00:22:26,220 was much more widespread than Church even discovered. 539 00:22:26,220 --> 00:22:29,370 - He reported that up to 400 journalists had been paid 540 00:22:29,370 --> 00:22:32,370 by the CIA under Operation Mockingbird. 541 00:22:32,370 --> 00:22:35,880 And there's no doubt that it was a massive effort 542 00:22:35,880 --> 00:22:38,310 and effective. - The Church committee 543 00:22:38,310 --> 00:22:41,880 made a few things clear, number one, that indeed a group 544 00:22:41,880 --> 00:22:46,200 of unelected government employees used immense power 545 00:22:46,200 --> 00:22:48,750 and resources of the United States government 546 00:22:48,750 --> 00:22:52,950 to pursue programs that were illegal, unethical, 547 00:22:52,950 --> 00:22:56,880 and generally out of line with American values and norms. 548 00:22:56,880 --> 00:22:58,770 And they did it in secret 549 00:22:58,770 --> 00:23:00,180 outside of any set of accountability, 550 00:23:00,180 --> 00:23:04,140 partly because the US Congress wanted to give them money 551 00:23:04,140 --> 00:23:05,460 and turn a blind eye. 552 00:23:05,460 --> 00:23:08,400 - I can recall members of Congress 553 00:23:08,400 --> 00:23:12,807 who recoiled from responsibility 554 00:23:14,850 --> 00:23:16,470 of knowing what was happening, 555 00:23:16,470 --> 00:23:17,707 members of Congress who said, 556 00:23:17,707 --> 00:23:20,280 "Don't tell me, I don't wanna know." 557 00:23:20,280 --> 00:23:24,630 I think that is an indictment of the Congress 558 00:23:24,630 --> 00:23:26,370 just as severe as any indictment 559 00:23:26,370 --> 00:23:29,760 which is labeled against any of the intelligence community. 560 00:23:29,760 --> 00:23:33,540 - When Dulles wanted to get approval for the CIA budget, 561 00:23:33,540 --> 00:23:36,720 all he had to do was take a top line number 562 00:23:36,720 --> 00:23:40,020 to the chairman of the Senate Armed Services Committee 563 00:23:40,020 --> 00:23:42,450 and he would say, "This is what we want for this year." 564 00:23:42,450 --> 00:23:44,970 And the chairman of the Senate Armed Services Committee 565 00:23:44,970 --> 00:23:47,257 would say, "Okay, that's what you've got 566 00:23:47,257 --> 00:23:48,907 "and please don't tell us anything 567 00:23:48,907 --> 00:23:50,187 "about what you're doing with it." 568 00:23:50,187 --> 00:23:52,920 And so there was no internal challenge 569 00:23:52,920 --> 00:23:54,870 to this world of CIA people. 570 00:23:54,870 --> 00:23:57,060 - But here's the other thing that is so crucial here, 571 00:23:57,060 --> 00:23:59,040 which is that when you listen to these hearings, 572 00:23:59,040 --> 00:24:02,190 you see people who thought they were doing the right thing, 573 00:24:02,190 --> 00:24:03,870 who thought that they were doing what they needed to 574 00:24:03,870 --> 00:24:07,230 to protect the country during a very scary time. 575 00:24:07,230 --> 00:24:09,180 - After a 30 year period, all of a sudden, 576 00:24:09,180 --> 00:24:11,820 you woke up one morning and here was this creature 577 00:24:11,820 --> 00:24:14,130 that had been created that no one along the line 578 00:24:14,130 --> 00:24:16,110 had ever really contemplated. 579 00:24:16,110 --> 00:24:18,150 Each of these steps that I think initially 580 00:24:18,150 --> 00:24:20,160 were innocent, honest steps. 581 00:24:20,160 --> 00:24:22,920 - Many of these agents were earnest patriots, 582 00:24:22,920 --> 00:24:25,590 but they were operating in a system free 583 00:24:25,590 --> 00:24:27,750 of accountability and transparency. 584 00:24:27,750 --> 00:24:30,360 - Even within the deep state, there are people 585 00:24:30,360 --> 00:24:33,810 who were doing things for altruistic and good reasons. 586 00:24:33,810 --> 00:24:36,720 And then there are people who were doing things 587 00:24:36,720 --> 00:24:39,240 for their own selfish or bad reasons. 588 00:24:39,240 --> 00:24:43,050 And you know, exactly how many are in each category, 589 00:24:43,050 --> 00:24:46,230 is you know, sort of impossible to delineate. 590 00:24:46,230 --> 00:24:48,900 - I got sucked in when I should have known better 591 00:24:48,900 --> 00:24:50,910 and where many other more intelligent, 592 00:24:50,910 --> 00:24:53,370 sophisticated people got sucked in in other areas. 593 00:24:53,370 --> 00:24:55,020 - So after the Church committee, 594 00:24:55,020 --> 00:24:57,450 all kinds of new oversight regulations come in. 595 00:24:57,450 --> 00:24:59,610 There's new committees formed, there's new regulations, 596 00:24:59,610 --> 00:25:02,640 and suddenly the intelligence community now finally 597 00:25:02,640 --> 00:25:04,560 has some kind of oversight. 598 00:25:04,560 --> 00:25:06,660 The deep state was reigned in. 599 00:25:06,660 --> 00:25:07,920 Now they did fight back. 600 00:25:07,920 --> 00:25:11,250 Church was undermined and intimidated by these agencies. 601 00:25:11,250 --> 00:25:14,130 - CIA people, I mean, they hated Frank Church. 602 00:25:14,130 --> 00:25:15,847 Jim Angleton would go around and say, 603 00:25:15,847 --> 00:25:17,550 "Frank Church was a KGB agent." 604 00:25:17,550 --> 00:25:19,380 Dick Helms raged against him. 605 00:25:19,380 --> 00:25:21,390 Kissinger, they couldn't believe 606 00:25:21,390 --> 00:25:23,850 that US intelligence was being opened up. 607 00:25:23,850 --> 00:25:25,747 On the other hand, Americans were like, "Oh my God, 608 00:25:25,747 --> 00:25:27,600 "this is what was being done in our name?" 609 00:25:27,600 --> 00:25:31,230 - But overall, this is a story of American democracy, 610 00:25:31,230 --> 00:25:32,640 doing what it's supposed to do, 611 00:25:32,640 --> 00:25:35,910 reign in the worst impulses of humans with power, 612 00:25:35,910 --> 00:25:38,400 and in the process avoiding disaster 613 00:25:38,400 --> 00:25:40,890 at least for a few decades. 614 00:25:40,890 --> 00:25:45,690 - One of you is about to be elected the leader 615 00:25:45,690 --> 00:25:48,480 of the single most powerful nation in the world. 616 00:25:48,480 --> 00:25:51,660 Have you formed any guiding principles 617 00:25:51,660 --> 00:25:53,670 for exercising this enormous power? 618 00:25:53,670 --> 00:25:55,140 - When it comes to foreign policy, 619 00:25:55,140 --> 00:25:57,420 that'll be my guiding question. 620 00:25:57,420 --> 00:25:59,850 Is it in our nation's interests? 621 00:25:59,850 --> 00:26:03,030 Peace in the Middle East is in our nation's interests. 622 00:26:03,030 --> 00:26:06,850 Having a hemisphere that is free for trade. 623 00:26:06,850 --> 00:26:11,420 (screen screeching) (crowd cheering) 624 00:26:11,420 --> 00:26:13,624 - Have some very, very sketchy details reaching us here 625 00:26:13,624 --> 00:26:15,569 at SkyCentral, important enough to bring to you though, 626 00:26:15,569 --> 00:26:16,434 at this early stage. 627 00:26:16,434 --> 00:26:17,950 We believe that a plane 628 00:26:17,950 --> 00:26:20,719 has crashed into the World Trade Center. 629 00:26:20,719 --> 00:26:22,260 (suspenseful music continues) - Gotta move back! 630 00:26:22,260 --> 00:26:23,654 - [Johnny] A new threat. 631 00:26:23,654 --> 00:26:28,654 (suspenseful music continues) (pedestrians yelling) 632 00:26:30,748 --> 00:26:34,170 And a new call to give power to professional spies 633 00:26:34,170 --> 00:26:38,250 and bureaucrats to keep us safe by doing secret things. 634 00:26:38,250 --> 00:26:42,180 - And by passing the Patriot Act, we will make America safer 635 00:26:42,180 --> 00:26:45,000 while safeguarding our civil liberties and privacy. 636 00:26:45,000 --> 00:26:46,620 - [Johnny] And then of course, new agencies, 637 00:26:46,620 --> 00:26:48,870 all with variations on the same name. 638 00:26:48,870 --> 00:26:51,060 - 9/11 is kind of like a Pearl Harbor. 639 00:26:51,060 --> 00:26:53,250 There's this desire, you know, we've been attacked. 640 00:26:53,250 --> 00:26:55,350 Anything goes, we have to strike back. 641 00:26:55,350 --> 00:26:57,330 This is an existential struggle. 642 00:26:57,330 --> 00:27:00,180 And that same ethos of the Early Cold War, 643 00:27:00,180 --> 00:27:05,180 anything goes, that returns big time after 9/11, 644 00:27:05,457 --> 00:27:10,457 and the CIA seeks or asserts without being checked, 645 00:27:10,650 --> 00:27:13,530 all sorts of powers that they hadn't asserted before. 646 00:27:13,530 --> 00:27:15,420 They implement the torture program, 647 00:27:15,420 --> 00:27:18,630 they massively expand the warrantless wiretapping, 648 00:27:18,630 --> 00:27:22,320 the kind of things that we had seen Angleton do in Chaos. 649 00:27:22,320 --> 00:27:24,510 Those exact same techniques are revived 650 00:27:24,510 --> 00:27:28,350 and expanded after 9/11, you know, on a very large scale. 651 00:27:28,350 --> 00:27:31,620 - Taxpayers funneling money into millions 652 00:27:31,620 --> 00:27:34,350 of new top secret jobs. 653 00:27:34,350 --> 00:27:38,280 22 capital buildings worth of new office space 654 00:27:38,280 --> 00:27:41,250 that spring up all around this area where I live, 655 00:27:41,250 --> 00:27:43,620 to house all these new secrets, 656 00:27:43,620 --> 00:27:47,520 and inside them waterfalls of new programs, 657 00:27:47,520 --> 00:27:49,860 so many weirdly named programs 658 00:27:49,860 --> 00:27:52,830 that no one leader could ever hear about, 659 00:27:52,830 --> 00:27:54,810 let alone regulate all of them. 660 00:27:54,810 --> 00:27:56,430 - There's not a whole lot 661 00:27:56,430 --> 00:27:59,070 of effective oversight on something 662 00:27:59,070 --> 00:28:03,690 that has grown so big and so bushy. 663 00:28:03,690 --> 00:28:06,420 - [Johnny] And none of which should be known to the public, 664 00:28:06,420 --> 00:28:09,270 that is until someone who's worried that history 665 00:28:09,270 --> 00:28:12,510 is repeating itself, decides to spill the beans. 666 00:28:12,510 --> 00:28:15,210 - Our breaking news this evening is the identity of the man 667 00:28:15,210 --> 00:28:16,770 who sent the Obama Administration 668 00:28:16,770 --> 00:28:19,140 into defend and explain mode this week. 669 00:28:19,140 --> 00:28:20,580 His name is Edward Snowden. 670 00:28:20,580 --> 00:28:22,860 He's an American former CIA employee 671 00:28:22,860 --> 00:28:24,150 and computer technician. 672 00:28:24,150 --> 00:28:27,930 Today he came out as the leaker of classified NSA documents 673 00:28:27,930 --> 00:28:29,430 that spell out a secret. 674 00:28:29,430 --> 00:28:31,410 - [Johnny] And we all kind of wonder, 675 00:28:31,410 --> 00:28:34,440 what if we actually need this now? 676 00:28:34,440 --> 00:28:36,270 What if we need all these dark windows 677 00:28:36,270 --> 00:28:39,420 and top secret PowerPoint decks where they design 678 00:28:39,420 --> 00:28:40,980 how they're gonna spy on us? 679 00:28:40,980 --> 00:28:44,010 What if our safety relies on what happens inside 680 00:28:44,010 --> 00:28:45,300 of all these buildings? 681 00:28:45,300 --> 00:28:47,700 So we keep funding them, but in doing so, 682 00:28:47,700 --> 00:28:50,670 we must at least acknowledge what we're doing here. 683 00:28:50,670 --> 00:28:54,000 We are trading a portion of our freedom 684 00:28:54,000 --> 00:28:56,490 in exchange for a sense of security. 685 00:28:56,490 --> 00:28:58,500 And in the process we're creating 686 00:28:58,500 --> 00:29:00,810 and feeding kind of a new branch 687 00:29:00,810 --> 00:29:04,140 of our government to power, one that operates outside 688 00:29:04,140 --> 00:29:08,010 of this elegant triangle that the founders constructed, 689 00:29:08,010 --> 00:29:11,730 to trip up the corrupting forces that run the risk 690 00:29:11,730 --> 00:29:14,820 of always possessing men with secret power. 691 00:29:14,820 --> 00:29:18,480 - Most everybody agrees that there's over classification, 692 00:29:18,480 --> 00:29:22,140 there's way too much information that's classified, 693 00:29:22,140 --> 00:29:26,160 but information is power, and the fewer people that have it, 694 00:29:26,160 --> 00:29:29,430 the more power the people that do have it have. 695 00:29:29,430 --> 00:29:32,040 - [Johnny] And the result is that when the most powerful man 696 00:29:32,040 --> 00:29:34,890 in the world arrives to the most powerful House 697 00:29:34,890 --> 00:29:38,070 in the world, promising to reign all of this in, 698 00:29:38,070 --> 00:29:42,120 to reign in the excesses, he actually finds that he can't. 699 00:29:42,120 --> 00:29:44,100 He's not able to change much of it. 700 00:29:44,100 --> 00:29:46,710 Instead, he sits there and watches much of the things 701 00:29:46,710 --> 00:29:49,920 that he critiqued grow under his watch, 702 00:29:49,920 --> 00:29:51,900 the thing that he's supposed to control 703 00:29:51,900 --> 00:29:54,120 he finds he doesn't have that much control over. 704 00:29:54,120 --> 00:29:57,870 - These targeted strikes against Al-Qaeda terrorists 705 00:29:57,870 --> 00:30:00,150 are indeed ethical and just. 706 00:30:00,150 --> 00:30:02,610 - Secrets keep us safe, 707 00:30:02,610 --> 00:30:06,300 but secrets also degrade this delicate thing 708 00:30:06,300 --> 00:30:09,600 that we have called democracy and accountability, 709 00:30:09,600 --> 00:30:12,210 that is until we save ourselves 710 00:30:12,210 --> 00:30:15,093 from their everlasting seductive pull. 711 00:30:17,100 --> 00:30:20,250 - The United States must not adopt the tactics 712 00:30:20,250 --> 00:30:23,850 of the enemy, means are as important as ends, 713 00:30:23,850 --> 00:30:25,380 crisis makes it tempting 714 00:30:25,380 --> 00:30:29,202 to ignore the wise restraints that make men free. 715 00:30:29,202 --> 00:30:31,869 (ominous music) 716 00:30:38,027 --> 00:30:41,527 (ominous music continues) 717 00:30:47,005 --> 00:30:50,588 (ominous music continues) 54865

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