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Tigers are
the largest most powerful,
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00:00:37,746 --> 00:00:40,863
and perhaps the most loved
of all the big cats.
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00:00:41,833 --> 00:00:43,414
Yet, over the past century,
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00:00:43,835 --> 00:00:47,544
their numbers have declined by 95%.
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Our team has spent two years
following one tigress
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00:00:52,135 --> 00:00:55,468
with her cubs
as she attempts to rear them.
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00:00:56,181 --> 00:00:59,639
Her problems come
not just from the natural world,
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but from having to do so
at close quarters with us.
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Bandhavgarh tiger reserve
in the heart of India.
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A rich, tropical jungle.
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At the base of this cliff,
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a secret cave
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hiding within is a tigress
known as Raj Bera
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two weeks ago, she chose this cave
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in which to give birth
to her new family.
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This is her daughter, Biba.
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And these are her first,
rather unsteady steps.
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Biba has three brothers.
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The four of them together
are the next generation
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of this tiger dynasty.
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Raj Bera is one of the most formidable
predators on earth.
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But her cubs are vulnerable
and will remain so
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for the next two years.
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It will take all her strength and skill
as a mother
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to protect and provide for them,
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if she is to raise them to adulthood.
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This forest has everything
a tiger family needs.
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Plenty of fresh water,
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dense thickets for concealment
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and open grasslands full of prey.
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After two hungry weeks
confined to the den with her cubs,
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Raj Bera needs food.
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She is an experienced hunter.
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But her prey are always on high alert.
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Fortunately, she knows how to disappear.
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00:06:29,848 --> 00:06:32,055
Even with her experience,
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most hunts end this way.
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00:06:45,864 --> 00:06:48,606
But now she faces a dilemma.
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As evening draws in,
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leaving the cubs
unprotected in their den
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00:06:56,583 --> 00:06:57,948
could put them in danger.
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00:07:02,964 --> 00:07:05,671
The night shift
are already on the prowl.
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00:07:09,137 --> 00:07:10,593
A sloth bear.
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It will kill cubs if it can find them.
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00:08:31,261 --> 00:08:35,049
Once a den has been discovered,
it's no longer safe.
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She needs to move her family.
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The family are safe at a new den.
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An experienced tigress like Raj Bera
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may know
half a dozen hideaways like this.
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Even though she failed in her hunt,
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the cubs are as hungry for milk as ever.
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00:10:10,819 --> 00:10:13,185
For a tigress to feed and protect,
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00:10:13,363 --> 00:10:17,527
as many as four young
is a relentless challenge.
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00:10:29,796 --> 00:10:32,913
It's unlikely
that she will be able to raise them all
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00:10:49,774 --> 00:10:51,389
and in India today,
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there are new pressures,
making it harder than ever
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to rear a family to adulthood.
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00:11:00,535 --> 00:11:05,074
Raj Bera's territory
is just big enough to support her cubs,
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00:11:05,748 --> 00:11:09,866
but she’s surrounded by territories
held by other tigers.
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00:11:11,671 --> 00:11:15,084
And all are encircled
by human settlement.
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00:11:28,521 --> 00:11:32,355
There are about 80 tigers
in Bandhavgarh.
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This is an unusually high density.
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00:11:50,710 --> 00:11:53,668
Competition
for space is intense.
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Scarred faces are evidence of battles
between rivals.
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To keep her territory secure,
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Raj Bera regularly patrols
its 12-mile-long boundary.
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Each time she sprays,
she's marking a line
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that other tigers know
they cross at their peril.
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00:12:46,516 --> 00:12:50,429
Territory marking in the midday heat
is hard work.
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She needs to cool off.
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An amorous male peacock.
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00:15:16,541 --> 00:15:21,001
Every day, she has to strike
an almost impossible balance,
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dividing her time between hunting,
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00:15:27,009 --> 00:15:29,045
scent marking her boundaries,
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00:15:30,763 --> 00:15:32,344
and nursing her cubs.
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00:15:41,357 --> 00:15:45,691
For now the demands of her young family
must take precedence.
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00:15:58,624 --> 00:16:02,708
Her cubs have reached the stage
when they start exploring.
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00:16:09,469 --> 00:16:14,088
Although even walking
hasn't been completely mastered.
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Differences between the cubs
are beginning to appear.
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The three brothers are caught up
in a rough and tumble.
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But their sister, Biba, holds back.
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She is smaller
and not as strong as her brothers.
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00:16:54,514 --> 00:16:58,006
And these differences
will only become more apparent,
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as they grow older.
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00:17:31,676 --> 00:17:36,966
Two months later and the family
has left the den for good.
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00:17:40,560 --> 00:17:43,848
The cubs are now strong enough
to follow their mother.
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She must now start on their education.
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She shows them around her territory.
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00:18:06,002 --> 00:18:10,211
And most importantly,
introduces them to a new diet.
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Meat.
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The cubs have doubled in size,
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so that she has to hunt
even more frequently
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to provide for their growing appetites.
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Since the birth of her cubs,
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Raj Bera has not been
able to patrol her territory
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as regularly as she did.
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00:19:05,269 --> 00:19:08,511
And that has given a rival
an opportunity.
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00:19:12,234 --> 00:19:14,065
This is Solo,
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Raj Bera's adult daughter.
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00:19:21,452 --> 00:19:24,910
And she is trespassing
on her mother's lands,
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some of the richest
in the whole of Bandhavgarh.
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She may be unaware that Raj Bera
is hunting here.
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Normally adult tigers avoid each other.
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Because fights even between mother
and daughter can be fatal.
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00:20:08,165 --> 00:20:12,124
But now,
Solo appears to be testing her mother.
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00:20:51,792 --> 00:20:54,579
Faced with Raj Bera's confident advance,
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00:20:54,670 --> 00:20:59,004
Solo immediately defers,
rolling on her back like a cub.
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00:21:03,679 --> 00:21:05,965
She's not old enough or strong enough
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to challenge for the territory...
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Yet.
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Raj Bera is still the ruler here.
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But Solo has issued a warning.
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With their territory secure,
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the family can relax together.
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The cubs are now spending
more and more time
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developing their coordination
and agility.
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And they do that through play.
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A wild boar.
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It could be on the menu
of an adult tiger.
120
00:23:00,963 --> 00:23:04,797
But one of the male cubs
is being a little ambitious.
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Perhaps not yet.
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00:23:30,659 --> 00:23:33,492
Winter arrives in Bandhavgarh.
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00:24:05,694 --> 00:24:08,151
The cubs are nine months old.
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00:24:12,785 --> 00:24:14,446
In their adolescence.
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00:24:16,205 --> 00:24:20,039
And the neighbours are beginning
to take them more seriously.
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00:24:36,892 --> 00:24:41,056
Raj Bera has done well
to keep all her cubs alive so far.
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00:24:43,357 --> 00:24:48,192
Typically only 50% of tiger cubs
survive to adulthood.
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00:24:56,078 --> 00:24:59,536
But now,
the family relationships are changing.
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She no longer lets the cubs eat first.
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00:25:28,068 --> 00:25:30,775
She has to teach them that one day
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they will have to provide
for themselves.
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00:25:42,624 --> 00:25:47,459
Once she has had her fill,
her sons dominate the carcass.
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00:26:00,059 --> 00:26:03,643
It's only when they have finished
that their smaller sister, Biba,
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gets her chance to feed undisturbed.
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00:26:30,005 --> 00:26:32,997
Alarm calls warn of an intruder.
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This time it's an adult male tiger.
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He's a third bigger than Raj Bera
and much more powerful.
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This is the cubs’ favourite water hole.
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Mother and sons
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sleep off their meal.
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00:27:28,689 --> 00:27:31,226
But Biba heads off alone.
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00:28:26,038 --> 00:28:29,280
Adult male tigers sometimes kill cubs,
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so, to approach one is a huge risk.
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00:28:37,799 --> 00:28:40,916
Unless of course he's your father,
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the only male in the forest
who would never harm her.
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00:28:53,649 --> 00:28:56,812
Tiger fathers
rarely meet their offspring.
147
00:29:00,239 --> 00:29:02,981
And he doesn't seem keen
to get acquainted.
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00:29:09,414 --> 00:29:13,999
But while he is patrolling the forest,
other males will keep away.
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00:29:14,503 --> 00:29:16,494
And the cubs will be safe.
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00:29:33,438 --> 00:29:37,977
For everything else,
the cubs depend on Raj Bera.
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She still has to provide
for the whole family.
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It's summer.
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00:30:25,449 --> 00:30:29,237
Over the next few weeks
the searing heat will suck
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the moisture from the land.
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00:30:47,554 --> 00:30:51,422
Temperatures soar to over 45 degrees.
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00:30:58,148 --> 00:31:02,983
And Bandhavgarh has to survive
the worst drought in a decade.
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00:31:11,828 --> 00:31:15,241
It's a good time to be a vulture.
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00:31:21,671 --> 00:31:26,461
The water holes in Raj Bera's territory
become magnets for the park's
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thirsty inhabitants.
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Normally, langurs spend
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most of their time
out of reach in the trees.
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But during the drought,
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they must risk crossing
open ground to get water.
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Once the braver adults make their move,
the rest of the troop follow.
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Out of their comfort zone,
they're nervous.
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No danger here,
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as far as she can see.
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00:33:21,583 --> 00:33:25,701
But you can't drink and watch
all at the same time.
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Here in the heart
of Raj Bera's territory,
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these water holes become the focus
of the family's life
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throughout these driest months.
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It's not just prey
that are drawn here to the water holes.
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A new trespasser.
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00:35:33,798 --> 00:35:38,963
It seems this tigress
is wary of pressing her claim today.
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00:35:41,222 --> 00:35:46,262
But it's clear there are now more rivals
for Raj Bera's hunting territory.
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00:36:07,165 --> 00:36:11,784
And now distant roars
signal further trouble.
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00:36:20,929 --> 00:36:26,344
Solo, Raj Bera's adult daughter,
is mating for the first time.
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She will soon have her own family
with new mouths to feed.
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00:37:10,895 --> 00:37:13,887
And its not long before she's back,
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00:37:13,982 --> 00:37:16,724
hunting deep in her mother’s territory.
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She is poaching.
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00:37:49,934 --> 00:37:54,177
The year-old cubs
are practising their hunting skills
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on each other.
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00:37:59,944 --> 00:38:03,528
Capturing prey
requires power and agility.
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As well as the skills
of ambush and attack.
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Their survival will depend
on mastering the ability to kill.
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00:38:36,356 --> 00:38:38,347
But for another eight months,
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their mother must continue to provide.
189
00:38:42,904 --> 00:38:45,566
And she's having to work
much harder now.
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00:38:50,537 --> 00:38:52,402
Even a kill as big as this
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won't last the family
more than a couple of days.
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00:38:58,169 --> 00:39:01,127
Her sons are the first to every meal
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and jealously guard their share.
194
00:39:08,137 --> 00:39:10,799
Biba is forced to wait.
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00:39:30,994 --> 00:39:34,361
She will be lucky
if she gets anything more than scraps.
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Leaving her well-fed brothers behind,
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00:40:06,863 --> 00:40:09,650
Biba tries to hunt for herself
198
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she's watched
her mother do this many times.
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00:40:25,340 --> 00:40:26,580
Stalk
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00:40:29,344 --> 00:40:30,459
and drop.
201
00:40:49,781 --> 00:40:53,239
She has mastered the technique
of becoming invisible.
202
00:40:58,039 --> 00:41:02,658
But she doesn't yet have the size
or strength to strike.
203
00:41:18,017 --> 00:41:21,976
Strong winds signal
the arrival of the monsoon.
204
00:42:08,860 --> 00:42:13,604
The abundance of water means that,
for most of the forest's inhabitants,
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00:42:13,781 --> 00:42:15,817
the good times have returned.
206
00:42:22,457 --> 00:42:27,121
But the monsoon is the worst time
for Raj Bera and her family.
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00:42:29,714 --> 00:42:32,956
Her prey are no longer dependent
on the water holes.
208
00:42:36,971 --> 00:42:40,463
They are now free
to disperse throughout her territory.
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00:42:48,191 --> 00:42:51,149
They will be much harder
for her to ambush.
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00:43:05,041 --> 00:43:08,875
A few weeks later
near the western boundary of her lands,
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00:43:09,087 --> 00:43:10,497
there has been a fight.
212
00:43:14,342 --> 00:43:16,583
And Raj Bera is injured.
213
00:43:35,363 --> 00:43:37,775
A serious injury to a mother tiger
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00:43:37,865 --> 00:43:40,732
can mean starvation for her cubs.
215
00:44:10,439 --> 00:44:13,055
Biba is invariably the last
216
00:44:13,401 --> 00:44:15,232
to benefit from her mother’s hunting.
217
00:44:17,947 --> 00:44:20,063
She needs to fend for herself
218
00:44:20,324 --> 00:44:23,487
and to do that
she must find her own territory,
219
00:44:23,578 --> 00:44:25,239
away from her brothers.
220
00:44:51,439 --> 00:44:53,145
But where can she go?
221
00:45:00,031 --> 00:45:02,943
Every other territory
is already occupied.
222
00:45:08,789 --> 00:45:13,328
She's forced to search outside
Bandhavgarh altogether.
223
00:45:24,722 --> 00:45:27,509
Her mother will never see her again.
224
00:45:43,324 --> 00:45:46,031
The male cubs are also going hungry.
225
00:46:08,849 --> 00:46:12,387
They, too, are trying to fend
for themselves.
226
00:46:26,534 --> 00:46:29,697
The deer are too alert for novices.
227
00:46:45,261 --> 00:46:48,594
With the demands
of three adolescent male cubs
228
00:46:48,723 --> 00:46:51,385
and increasing hostility
from her rivals,
229
00:46:52,059 --> 00:46:56,223
Raj Bera is facing
the greatest ever threat to her dynasty.
230
00:46:59,275 --> 00:47:01,482
She takes a drastic step
231
00:47:01,777 --> 00:47:05,986
and leaves the safely of the park
in the hope of easier prey.
232
00:47:12,330 --> 00:47:14,787
Cattle in the neighbouring villages.
233
00:47:26,802 --> 00:47:30,511
For tigress and people,
there is real danger here.
234
00:47:31,182 --> 00:47:34,970
It's a conflict that Raj Bera
cannot win.
235
00:48:49,051 --> 00:48:51,212
Dawn, the next day.
236
00:49:15,327 --> 00:49:16,988
Raj Bera.
237
00:49:34,680 --> 00:49:37,672
She was rescued by the park authorities
238
00:49:37,766 --> 00:49:40,553
and released back into her territory,
239
00:49:40,686 --> 00:49:42,267
to rejoin her family.
240
00:50:07,213 --> 00:50:08,874
Over the last two years,
241
00:50:09,089 --> 00:50:12,422
she's struggled to raise her cubs
safely to this point.
242
00:50:13,093 --> 00:50:15,084
And although she’s lost her daughter,
243
00:50:15,304 --> 00:50:17,966
her sons are on the brink of adulthood.
244
00:50:21,769 --> 00:50:22,929
Against the odds,
245
00:50:23,270 --> 00:50:26,558
she still has the chance
to secure the future
246
00:50:26,815 --> 00:50:28,771
of her tiger dynasty.
19368
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