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History, that
immortal chain of events
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00:00:04,499 --> 00:00:06,835
that links the present
to the past.
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00:00:07,015 --> 00:00:08,677
Ooh, are you
talking about history?
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00:00:08,746 --> 00:00:10,112
I love history!
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00:00:10,187 --> 00:00:11,531
What was that?
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00:00:11,640 --> 00:00:14,007
Is someone talking
during my intro?
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00:00:14,085 --> 00:00:16,849
Hello?
Ugh, maybe I'm hearing things.
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00:00:16,951 --> 00:00:18,820
Where was I?
Ah, yes.
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00:00:19,155 --> 00:00:20,727
Put down your smartphones
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00:00:20,796 --> 00:00:24,164
and let me, your trusty
uncorrectable narrator
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00:00:24,289 --> 00:00:26,563
guide you through
my animated chronicle
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00:00:26,632 --> 00:00:29,109
of fascinating
historical facts.
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00:00:29,234 --> 00:00:32,382
Let us begin
with the founding of our nation,
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00:00:32,578 --> 00:00:34,796
The American Revolution.
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It's the story of honest,
faithful George Washington,
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who led his band of patriots
to victory.
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Come, patriots!
Fight for liberty!
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- For freedom!
- For liberty!
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And 'cause we
hate tea for some reason!
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00:00:49,281 --> 00:00:50,083
Actually...
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00:00:50,151 --> 00:00:51,484
Patriots like Paul Revere,
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whose midnight ride
saved Boston.
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00:00:54,429 --> 00:00:56,531
The British are coming,
the British are coming!
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00:00:56,625 --> 00:00:59,155
- Uh, that's not...
- The British are coming!
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00:00:59,264 --> 00:01:01,844
And the brave soldiers
of the continental army,
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00:01:01,913 --> 00:01:05,929
who, united by a desire
to be free, overcame tyranny.
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00:01:06,054 --> 00:01:08,758
Actually, everything
you just said is wrong.
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00:01:08,827 --> 00:01:10,570
That's it!
Who do you think you are
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00:01:10,639 --> 00:01:12,014
interrupting my show?
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Hi, I'm Adam!
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- Adam?
- Who in the...
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00:01:14,884 --> 00:01:17,318
Ah, you must be one
of the Frenchmen.
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You don't come in until later.
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I'm not French.
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You're gonna tell me
you're not French
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00:01:22,091 --> 00:01:23,474
with hair
and clothes like that?
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Nope, not French,
but destroying misconceptions
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is my raison d'�tre.
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Many of the stories
we know about the Revolution
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aren't really history.
They're myths.
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So I'm here to set
the record straight.
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Stop dog-earing the page,
you jerk!
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You're ruining it!
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00:01:38,207 --> 00:01:40,622
Sorry, ruining
is kinda my thing.
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I'm Adam Conover and this is
"Reanimated History."
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??
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*ADAM RUINS EVERYTHING*
Season 02 Episode 17 Title: "American Revolution"
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The American Revolution.
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Those fateful years
when General George Washington
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inspired a group of patriots,
bound by their love of freedom,
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00:02:03,521 --> 00:02:05,700
to form the mighty
continental army.
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- Three cheers for liberty, freedom,
- Three cheers for liberty, freedom,
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- and our beloved General Washington!
- And our beloved General Washington!
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Oh, that's a nice story.
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But the truth is,
the Continental Army
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wasn't made up of patriots.
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It was mostly drunks,
immigrants and poor farmers
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00:02:20,255 --> 00:02:21,833
looking to get paid.
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00:02:22,013 --> 00:02:24,118
Ugh, The Frenchman again!
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00:02:24,187 --> 00:02:25,419
Where are you?
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00:02:25,522 --> 00:02:28,002
I'm the horse now.
Isn't animation fun?
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Ahh!
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00:02:29,039 --> 00:02:30,072
Down, down!
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Okay, just ask nicely.
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What are you talking about?
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The Continental Army formed
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due to a groundswell
of patriotic pride!
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Not in the slightest.
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00:02:39,802 --> 00:02:44,053
In fact, in 1775, as few
as one in five colonists
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00:02:44,122 --> 00:02:46,421
even supported
the Independence movement,
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00:02:46,490 --> 00:02:47,631
and much of that support
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00:02:47,700 --> 00:02:50,014
came from wealthy
land-owning elites.
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It'd be great for me
if we were our own country.
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00:02:53,349 --> 00:02:56,467
The king's taxes are really
hurting my bottom line.
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00:02:56,536 --> 00:03:00,121
But the average colonist
didn't care about patriotism at all.
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00:03:00,223 --> 00:03:01,874
I've got a farm to tend.
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00:03:01,943 --> 00:03:05,997
I don't care which elitist
wig-head is in charge!
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00:03:06,138 --> 00:03:08,527
___
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00:03:08,598 --> 00:03:11,897
Beer hats!
We should make 'em.
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00:03:11,966 --> 00:03:14,889
And on top of that,
about a third of the colonists
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00:03:14,958 --> 00:03:17,622
actually supported
the British side.
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00:03:19,763 --> 00:03:21,724
I rather like
being British.
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00:03:21,872 --> 00:03:24,544
Have you tried our tea?
It's divine.
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00:03:29,044 --> 00:03:31,053
What? But I
thought these people
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00:03:31,122 --> 00:03:33,749
had so much of that
patriotic spirit!
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00:03:33,818 --> 00:03:34,997
No, they didn't.
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00:03:35,107 --> 00:03:37,615
Even Washington
himself said...
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Without the support
of the people,
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Washington
and the Continental Congress
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were desperate for an army.
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00:03:50,836 --> 00:03:53,752
So they resorted
to shady recruitment practices
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00:03:53,821 --> 00:03:55,446
to raise their ranks.
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00:03:55,649 --> 00:03:58,813
Let's go trick some rubes into
fighting against their will!
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00:03:59,133 --> 00:04:00,423
Ya-haw!
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00:04:00,492 --> 00:04:02,384
Ahh! Maybe we should
have a safe word.
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00:04:02,453 --> 00:04:04,088
How about "bibliography"?
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00:04:04,157 --> 00:04:06,367
Hyah!
Ahh!
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00:04:06,617 --> 00:04:09,735
Come on, how shady
could they possibly have been?
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00:04:09,899 --> 00:04:13,219
First, they offered money
to bribe potential recruits.
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00:04:13,352 --> 00:04:14,923
I know you don't
want to fight,
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00:04:14,992 --> 00:04:17,791
but maybe my friend
Mr. Washington
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00:04:17,860 --> 00:04:19,305
can change your mind?
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00:04:19,391 --> 00:04:22,203
Who the hell's
Mr. Washington?
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I am.
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00:04:23,719 --> 00:04:25,821
I'll be on the money,
eventually.
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00:04:27,055 --> 00:04:28,711
It's a bribe, I'm bribing you.
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00:04:28,821 --> 00:04:30,463
Bribe?
Why didn't you say so?
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00:04:30,532 --> 00:04:32,884
Give me a gun, I'll shoot
those red jackets.
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00:04:32,953 --> 00:04:34,716
But the Continental
Army didn't actually have
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00:04:34,784 --> 00:04:37,101
enough money
to pay the soldiers,
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00:04:37,170 --> 00:04:39,710
so most received IOUs.
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00:04:39,779 --> 00:04:41,834
Here you are,
you can cash it in
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at the end of the war,
if we win.
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And if you don't lose that.
And if you survive!
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What?
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Nothing!
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Don't worry,
it'll be fine.
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Next, they'd walk into bars
beating a drum
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and literally march people into
the army while they were drunk.
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00:04:58,717 --> 00:05:01,149
Join the army!
Join the army!
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00:05:01,235 --> 00:05:04,453
Join the army!
Join the army!
122
00:05:04,522 --> 00:05:06,328
Let's follow
that drummer boy!
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00:05:06,397 --> 00:05:08,164
He's leading us to Christmas.
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00:05:08,233 --> 00:05:09,583
Join the army!
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00:05:09,686 --> 00:05:14,021
- Join the army!
- Join the army!
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Hey, thanks, Santa Claus.
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00:05:16,654 --> 00:05:19,453
They would even trick
immigrants with limited English
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00:05:19,522 --> 00:05:23,054
into signing enlistment
contracts they couldn't read.
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00:05:23,123 --> 00:05:25,670
Here, sign this.
It's, uh, the check.
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00:05:25,834 --> 00:05:29,217
___
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Ha ha, you idiot!
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You just agreed to be
in the army!
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00:05:34,092 --> 00:05:36,826
Oh, I got you good!
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00:05:36,958 --> 00:05:38,523
But the dirtiest trick of all
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00:05:38,592 --> 00:05:40,945
is when they would frame
colonists for crimes
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00:05:41,014 --> 00:05:45,381
and have courts punish them
with forced enlistment.
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00:05:47,428 --> 00:05:49,220
That man stole my baby!
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00:05:49,322 --> 00:05:52,186
The punishment for
baby-snatching is...
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00:05:52,307 --> 00:05:54,174
permanent enlistment!
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00:06:00,287 --> 00:06:03,467
And that baby isn't old
enough to be in this bar.
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00:06:03,536 --> 00:06:04,702
Enlistment!
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00:06:06,951 --> 00:06:08,173
Junior!
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00:06:08,275 --> 00:06:10,476
Okay, so some
underhanded tactics
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00:06:10,544 --> 00:06:11,843
were used to fill out the ranks,
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00:06:11,912 --> 00:06:14,334
but the rest of the army
were brave volunteers.
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Please tell me they were.
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00:06:15,702 --> 00:06:18,390
Sorry.
Even with all that chicanery,
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00:06:18,459 --> 00:06:20,623
Washington still didn't
have enough men,
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00:06:20,725 --> 00:06:24,584
so the colonies had to resort
to something very unpopular.
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00:06:24,724 --> 00:06:26,591
Still not enough men.
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00:06:26,660 --> 00:06:29,240
We need...
a draft.
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One draft, coming up.
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00:06:34,100 --> 00:06:35,701
No, not a draft beer!
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Mandatory conscription.
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00:06:41,224 --> 00:06:42,597
And also, wasting beer
is a crime,
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you have to join the army.
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A draft? Like in Vietnam?
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No!
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00:06:49,374 --> 00:06:51,826
I'm afraid so.
And what's even worse
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00:06:51,895 --> 00:06:54,600
is that the wealthy elites
who the war benefitted the most
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were able to avoid the draft
by paying poor people
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to take their place.
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I'd fight, but I don't want
my wig to get dirty.
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Make me proud.
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00:07:05,065 --> 00:07:07,532
Oh, wow, my life
in exchange for money.
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00:07:07,634 --> 00:07:08,724
Seems fair.
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00:07:08,793 --> 00:07:10,994
All right, let's get you
on the front lines.
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00:07:11,270 --> 00:07:12,904
I can't believe this.
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00:07:12,973 --> 00:07:14,573
You're telling me
Washington's army
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00:07:14,641 --> 00:07:18,427
was made up of people who were
drafted, tricked or paid off?
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Yep, and as a result,
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00:07:20,247 --> 00:07:22,647
desertion
was a constant problem.
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As many as 20%
of all the soldiers
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00:07:25,520 --> 00:07:28,119
in the Continental Army
ended up deserting.
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All right, let's slam
some red coats!
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Who's with me?
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00:07:35,895 --> 00:07:39,294
___
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So Washington decided to
enforce a statute that said...
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"Any soldier
who abandons his post
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will receive little mercy
and suffer death immediately."
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00:07:48,775 --> 00:07:53,099
No, Washington would
never threaten to kill his own men!
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That's blasphemy!
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00:07:54,447 --> 00:07:56,781
Oh, he didn't just threaten.
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Some soldiers were so upset
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00:07:59,075 --> 00:08:00,886
about the poor conditions
and lack of pay
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00:08:00,954 --> 00:08:03,856
that they coordinated
full-blown mutinies.
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00:08:03,966 --> 00:08:07,692
In one case, 200 continental
soldiers mutinied,
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but they were soon captured.
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00:08:10,030 --> 00:08:12,231
We must make an example
of these traitors.
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00:08:12,419 --> 00:08:14,046
Put them in front
of a firing squad
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00:08:14,115 --> 00:08:16,216
and make their own friends
pull the trigger.
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Assemble all the regiments
to bear witness,
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00:08:18,763 --> 00:08:21,264
so that every soldier
may know the price
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00:08:21,333 --> 00:08:23,589
that is paid for treachery!
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00:08:27,474 --> 00:08:29,328
That didn't really happen.
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00:08:29,559 --> 00:08:32,198
I cannot tell a lie.
It did.
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00:08:32,300 --> 00:08:34,739
Support for the war effort
was so minimal,
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00:08:34,841 --> 00:08:37,670
that Washington resorted
to killing his own men
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00:08:37,856 --> 00:08:40,739
just to keep his army
of bribed, drunk, confused,
200
00:08:40,817 --> 00:08:43,350
and impoverished colonists
together to fight
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00:08:43,419 --> 00:08:46,137
for a cause they had
no interest in defending.
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00:08:46,247 --> 00:08:49,014
Economic freedom
for wealthy elites.
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00:08:49,116 --> 00:08:50,784
That's terrible.
204
00:08:50,852 --> 00:08:52,618
Were there no patriots at all?
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00:08:52,720 --> 00:08:54,220
No, of course there were.
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00:08:54,322 --> 00:08:56,256
Have you ever heard
of the enslaved man
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00:08:56,324 --> 00:08:58,991
who became a spy and turned
the tide of the war?
208
00:08:59,092 --> 00:09:00,526
No, I have not.
209
00:09:00,595 --> 00:09:03,162
Where have you been?
Are you deserting, too?
210
00:09:03,264 --> 00:09:04,230
Bad horse!
211
00:09:04,332 --> 00:09:06,132
I'll tell you in a sec.
Ahh!
212
00:09:06,234 --> 00:09:08,794
Bibliography!
Bibliography!
213
00:09:11,970 --> 00:09:13,017
You've heard about
214
00:09:13,086 --> 00:09:14,840
George Washington
and Alexander Hamilton.
215
00:09:14,909 --> 00:09:16,924
But there's one
revolutionary hero
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00:09:17,026 --> 00:09:19,211
we never talk about,
even though we should.
217
00:09:19,313 --> 00:09:22,815
Oh, now the hairdo's got
some great history story, huh?
218
00:09:23,049 --> 00:09:24,690
Well, if you think
you can be a narrator,
219
00:09:24,759 --> 00:09:27,052
go ahead and give it a try.
Wow me.
220
00:09:27,154 --> 00:09:28,292
Oh, okay.
221
00:09:28,361 --> 00:09:32,199
Allow me to tell you the tale
of the slave who became a spy
222
00:09:32,268 --> 00:09:35,260
and helped to secure
the patriot victory.
223
00:09:35,378 --> 00:09:38,324
Okay, that's
actually a pretty good start.
224
00:09:38,393 --> 00:09:40,633
Thank you.
His name was James
225
00:09:40,735 --> 00:09:43,569
and he's an unsung badass
of history.
226
00:09:43,671 --> 00:09:46,005
The year is 1781.
227
00:09:46,107 --> 00:09:49,801
General Washington and Commander
Marquis de Lafayette of France
228
00:09:49,870 --> 00:09:52,778
are in the dark about
the British army's plans.
229
00:09:53,049 --> 00:09:54,914
If we don't figure out
230
00:09:55,016 --> 00:09:57,149
what those redcoats
are up to in Virginia,
231
00:09:57,251 --> 00:09:58,651
we are finished!
232
00:09:58,753 --> 00:09:59,919
What are they doing?
233
00:10:00,021 --> 00:10:01,320
Je ne sais pas, Monsieur.
234
00:10:01,422 --> 00:10:04,870
They are British,
so maybe breeding Corgis?
235
00:10:05,503 --> 00:10:06,995
Meanwhile in Virginia,
236
00:10:07,064 --> 00:10:08,926
an enslaved man named James
237
00:10:08,995 --> 00:10:11,893
did not like his home state
being invaded.
238
00:10:12,087 --> 00:10:13,893
Virginia sucks!
239
00:10:17,415 --> 00:10:18,635
That's it!
240
00:10:18,704 --> 00:10:21,300
I'm joining the army
and beating some British butt.
241
00:10:21,508 --> 00:10:24,176
James wished to
join the Continental Army,
242
00:10:24,245 --> 00:10:26,309
which was rare,
because while the British
243
00:10:26,378 --> 00:10:28,479
actively recruited slaves
to fight...
244
00:10:28,557 --> 00:10:29,915
Hear ye, hear ye!
245
00:10:30,017 --> 00:10:32,879
All who fight for the crown
shall be free!
246
00:10:32,948 --> 00:10:35,706
The patriots didn't
even allow it at first,
247
00:10:35,776 --> 00:10:36,889
and when they finally did,
248
00:10:36,991 --> 00:10:39,129
they made no promises
of freedom.
249
00:10:39,198 --> 00:10:42,628
Hear ye, hear ye!
All who fight for liberty
250
00:10:42,730 --> 00:10:45,798
shall still be slaves!
Sucks for you.
251
00:10:45,900 --> 00:10:48,935
Due to this, there were
up to 20 times more slaves
252
00:10:49,003 --> 00:10:51,784
fighting for the British
than on the Patriot side.
253
00:10:52,840 --> 00:10:55,140
Huh... well, sucks for us.
254
00:10:55,533 --> 00:10:58,089
But despite this,
James joined the Patriots
255
00:10:58,167 --> 00:11:00,487
to serve under
Marquis de Lafayette.
256
00:11:00,807 --> 00:11:02,781
Take that,
General Cornwallace!
257
00:11:02,883 --> 00:11:04,651
I throw darts
in your face!
258
00:11:04,719 --> 00:11:07,182
You filthy
British stinkfoot!
259
00:11:07,924 --> 00:11:09,003
Uh, sir?
260
00:11:09,112 --> 00:11:10,489
I want to help the cause.
261
00:11:10,590 --> 00:11:11,995
Sacre bleu.
262
00:11:12,128 --> 00:11:13,893
A slave
fighting for us?
263
00:11:13,961 --> 00:11:15,194
I can read and write, too.
264
00:11:15,296 --> 00:11:18,597
You are what we call
in France, "le unicorn."
265
00:11:18,909 --> 00:11:20,366
You could spy
on the British
266
00:11:20,434 --> 00:11:22,601
and no one
would suspect a thing.
267
00:11:22,703 --> 00:11:25,620
Here, take this coat
to save the ruse.
268
00:11:25,745 --> 00:11:27,306
Thank you, sir.
269
00:11:29,698 --> 00:11:32,344
Take that, Lafayette,
you pillock.
270
00:11:32,550 --> 00:11:34,781
I have assaulted
your face with darts.
271
00:11:35,135 --> 00:11:36,432
British General, sir?
272
00:11:36,526 --> 00:11:39,262
I am loyal to the crown
and wish to fight for the king.
273
00:11:39,331 --> 00:11:41,020
Notice my red coat.
274
00:11:41,122 --> 00:11:42,339
Egads!
275
00:11:42,409 --> 00:11:44,657
A runaway slave
loyal to the crown.
276
00:11:44,900 --> 00:11:46,700
You are what we call
in Britain,
277
00:11:46,909 --> 00:11:49,833
a regular occurrence.
You'll fit right in.
278
00:11:49,997 --> 00:11:52,698
Now, it's time to look
at my battle plans.
279
00:11:52,800 --> 00:11:55,067
Psst!
General!
280
00:11:55,208 --> 00:11:58,203
You sure you want to leave those
battle plans out around him?
281
00:11:58,305 --> 00:12:00,506
Him?
He's a slave!
282
00:12:00,608 --> 00:12:03,458
It's not like he can
read and write!
283
00:12:11,919 --> 00:12:15,044
So, I read and wrote down
their entire battle plan.
284
00:12:15,403 --> 00:12:17,528
Cornwallace
is in Yorktown?
285
00:12:17,645 --> 00:12:19,583
This will win us the war!
286
00:12:19,684 --> 00:12:22,561
With this information,
General Washington was able
287
00:12:22,630 --> 00:12:25,364
to ambush Cornwallace's army
at Yorktown,
288
00:12:25,466 --> 00:12:27,029
forcing him to surrender.
289
00:12:27,098 --> 00:12:29,676
Someone must have told them
my battle plan!
290
00:12:29,809 --> 00:12:31,670
But who could it be?
291
00:12:31,958 --> 00:12:33,630
James, any ideas?
292
00:12:33,818 --> 00:12:34,818
Uh...
293
00:12:34,887 --> 00:12:36,497
Oh, well, I'm stumped.
294
00:12:36,605 --> 00:12:37,959
Time to go surrender.
295
00:12:38,176 --> 00:12:40,317
This became the
last major battle
296
00:12:40,481 --> 00:12:43,061
in the Revolutionary War,
paving the way
297
00:12:43,130 --> 00:12:44,683
for the founding of America.
298
00:12:44,794 --> 00:12:48,325
James, your intelligence
helped us win the war.
299
00:12:48,692 --> 00:12:51,857
You are what we call
in France, "le hero."
300
00:12:56,330 --> 00:12:58,998
But, despite his
massive contributions
301
00:12:59,067 --> 00:13:01,334
to the war effort,
James returned home
302
00:13:01,403 --> 00:13:03,856
still a slave.
303
00:13:07,794 --> 00:13:10,856
This new country feels
a lot like the old country.
304
00:13:11,090 --> 00:13:12,911
Virginia is awesome!
305
00:13:13,013 --> 00:13:14,701
James petitioned the government
306
00:13:14,770 --> 00:13:17,903
for his freedom for years
to no avail.
307
00:13:18,012 --> 00:13:20,428
But that changed
when a national hero
308
00:13:20,497 --> 00:13:22,554
spoke up on his behalf.
309
00:13:22,770 --> 00:13:25,157
Marquis de Lafayette.
310
00:13:37,805 --> 00:13:39,271
You're free, James.
311
00:13:39,575 --> 00:13:42,025
What would you like
your new last name to be?
312
00:13:42,176 --> 00:13:46,345
Call me Lafayette.
James Lafayette.
313
00:13:46,618 --> 00:13:50,767
James Lafayette lived out
the rest of his life a free man
314
00:13:50,884 --> 00:13:54,118
in the country he helped
to free from British rule.
315
00:13:54,220 --> 00:13:57,775
And that's why he's an
unsung badass of history.
316
00:13:57,923 --> 00:14:01,768
Okay, I must begrudgingly
admit, that was decent narrator work.
317
00:14:01,837 --> 00:14:03,956
But I know a story
about a patriot
318
00:14:04,025 --> 00:14:06,220
that I'm gonna narrate
the heck out of,
319
00:14:06,361 --> 00:14:08,822
and it's about a man
named Paul Revere.
320
00:14:08,891 --> 00:14:09,932
No, wait!
321
00:14:10,001 --> 00:14:12,579
That Paul Revere story
is all wrong.
322
00:14:12,712 --> 00:14:14,782
What's that?
I can't hear you.
323
00:14:14,937 --> 00:14:16,228
Wait!
324
00:14:18,478 --> 00:14:20,213
Now the blond man has gone,
325
00:14:20,282 --> 00:14:23,042
allow me to regale you
with a story
326
00:14:23,111 --> 00:14:25,613
of the midnight ride
of Paul Revere.
327
00:14:25,738 --> 00:14:28,949
It was April 18th, 1775.
328
00:14:29,050 --> 00:14:30,656
Paul was set to warn
the militiamen
329
00:14:30,758 --> 00:14:33,746
of Lexington and Concord
of an impending British attack.
330
00:14:33,863 --> 00:14:35,614
But first, he needed to know,
331
00:14:35,683 --> 00:14:38,871
will they come by land
or by sea?
332
00:14:39,133 --> 00:14:40,332
That's the signal!
333
00:14:40,402 --> 00:14:42,355
One if by land,
two if by sea!
334
00:14:42,425 --> 00:14:45,604
Away to Lexington and Concord!
Hyah!
335
00:14:45,713 --> 00:14:48,028
The British are coming!
The British are coming!
336
00:14:48,097 --> 00:14:49,919
Revere rode through the night,
337
00:14:49,988 --> 00:14:52,442
rallying militia
with his cries.
338
00:14:52,511 --> 00:14:54,730
Dozens of patriot lives
were saved,
339
00:14:54,855 --> 00:14:58,183
and it was all thanks
to one man, Paul Revere.
340
00:14:58,285 --> 00:14:59,989
What a stirring tale!
341
00:15:00,058 --> 00:15:01,902
Stirringly inaccurate.
342
00:15:01,972 --> 00:15:04,879
Ugh! Okay!
Where are you this time?
343
00:15:05,082 --> 00:15:06,707
Are you the horse again?
344
00:15:07,715 --> 00:15:09,621
Nuh-uh, up here!
345
00:15:10,191 --> 00:15:13,310
First of all, Revere never said
"The British are coming."
346
00:15:13,379 --> 00:15:16,786
At this point, many people
in the colonies were British,
347
00:15:16,855 --> 00:15:18,716
so that would have been
really confusing.
348
00:15:18,785 --> 00:15:22,535
The British are coming!
The British are coming!
349
00:15:22,746 --> 00:15:24,692
I'm British
and so are you.
350
00:15:24,761 --> 00:15:27,222
Are you saying we're coming
or you're coming?
351
00:15:27,332 --> 00:15:30,129
Stop yelling in the third
person and go to sleep.
352
00:15:30,199 --> 00:15:33,200
They actually called
the British army "The Regulars."
353
00:15:33,269 --> 00:15:36,238
Oh, I meant to say,
the Regulars are coming!
354
00:15:36,339 --> 00:15:37,404
Regulars?
355
00:15:37,506 --> 00:15:39,640
Why didn't you say so?
Bang bang!
356
00:15:39,793 --> 00:15:42,943
Second, Revere didn't
ride around the streets yelling.
357
00:15:43,045 --> 00:15:44,864
That would have
gotten him captured.
358
00:15:45,011 --> 00:15:48,153
This was more of a well-planned
intelligence mission.
359
00:15:48,238 --> 00:15:49,732
The Regulars are com...
360
00:15:49,818 --> 00:15:51,918
Oh, sorry.
The Regulars are coming.
361
00:15:52,082 --> 00:15:54,921
Thank you.
No need to yell.
362
00:15:56,324 --> 00:15:57,724
But most importantly,
363
00:15:57,793 --> 00:16:01,895
Paul Revere never even
completed his midnight ride.
364
00:16:02,010 --> 00:16:03,113
What?
365
00:16:03,182 --> 00:16:06,057
Remember those famous signal
lanterns from the beginning?
366
00:16:06,201 --> 00:16:08,237
Revere didn't even see them.
367
00:16:08,369 --> 00:16:10,832
They were actually for
a different Son of Liberty
368
00:16:10,901 --> 00:16:13,964
named Dr. Joseph Warren,
and for the historic ride,
369
00:16:14,033 --> 00:16:15,342
he decided to send...
370
00:16:15,444 --> 00:16:17,026
William Dawes!
371
00:16:17,095 --> 00:16:18,125
Huh?
372
00:16:18,213 --> 00:16:20,580
Who on earth is William Dawes?
373
00:16:20,683 --> 00:16:22,350
He was another Son of Liberty
374
00:16:22,418 --> 00:16:25,463
and the first man to be sent
on the midnight ride.
375
00:16:25,954 --> 00:16:28,144
Revere didn't set out
until later,
376
00:16:28,213 --> 00:16:29,757
and they wound up
warning the militia
377
00:16:29,825 --> 00:16:31,549
of Lexington together.
378
00:16:31,737 --> 00:16:34,057
The regulars are coming,
the regulars are coming!
379
00:16:34,166 --> 00:16:36,096
Then, after leaving Lexington,
380
00:16:36,165 --> 00:16:38,721
they were both detained
by British soldiers.
381
00:16:38,790 --> 00:16:40,690
And surrounding jail.
382
00:16:40,760 --> 00:16:42,756
Another rider
named Samuel Prescott
383
00:16:42,905 --> 00:16:44,304
ended up warning Concord.
384
00:16:44,406 --> 00:16:46,808
In fact, by then,
lots of other riders
385
00:16:46,877 --> 00:16:50,166
had already been dispatched
to warn the local militias.
386
00:16:50,526 --> 00:16:52,413
But... but if all those
riders were warning the towns,
387
00:16:52,481 --> 00:16:54,894
that would mean
Revere's midnight ride
388
00:16:54,963 --> 00:16:56,875
wasn't special at all.
389
00:16:56,985 --> 00:16:58,291
Exactly.
390
00:16:58,471 --> 00:17:00,316
In fact, in the years
that followed,
391
00:17:00,385 --> 00:17:04,033
most people forgot about
Revere's midnight ride entirely.
392
00:17:04,158 --> 00:17:06,960
It wasn't even mentioned
in his obituary.
393
00:17:07,062 --> 00:17:09,127
Okay, smart guy.
If that's true,
394
00:17:09,213 --> 00:17:11,994
then where did my story
come from, hmm?
395
00:17:12,143 --> 00:17:14,097
Simple.
It came from a poem
396
00:17:14,166 --> 00:17:16,518
written almost a century
after the fact.
397
00:17:16,635 --> 00:17:19,039
In 1860, Harvard professor
398
00:17:19,141 --> 00:17:21,613
and poet
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
399
00:17:21,682 --> 00:17:24,104
wanted to unify
a divided nation.
400
00:17:24,283 --> 00:17:26,432
The Civil War is upon us.
401
00:17:26,619 --> 00:17:30,050
There's only one thing
that can save the nation now.
402
00:17:30,152 --> 00:17:31,822
Me writing a poem!
403
00:17:32,026 --> 00:17:34,924
He dug up the obscure
and little-known story
404
00:17:34,993 --> 00:17:37,082
of the midnight ride
and penned a poem
405
00:17:37,151 --> 00:17:40,572
that exaggerated the details
to make it more inspiring.
406
00:17:40,666 --> 00:17:42,496
I'll just add
a few accomplishments here,
407
00:17:42,565 --> 00:17:44,175
remove a character or two,
408
00:17:44,244 --> 00:17:46,886
change name for rhyming
purposes, and boom!
409
00:17:46,955 --> 00:17:48,619
"Paul Revere's Ride"!
410
00:17:48,869 --> 00:17:51,122
The poem caught on
like wildfire
411
00:17:51,191 --> 00:17:53,725
and today, it's one
of the most beloved stories
412
00:17:53,794 --> 00:17:55,327
of the American Revolution,
413
00:17:55,396 --> 00:17:58,487
even though
it's not actually true.
414
00:17:58,776 --> 00:18:02,849
So, I guess Paul
Revere wasn't important at all.
415
00:18:03,080 --> 00:18:04,818
Aww...
416
00:18:05,393 --> 00:18:07,768
Oh, no.
Revere was super important.
417
00:18:07,854 --> 00:18:09,699
Yes!
Ha ha!
418
00:18:09,768 --> 00:18:11,566
He printed the nation's
first currency,
419
00:18:11,635 --> 00:18:13,339
manufactured
gunpowder for the army
420
00:18:13,408 --> 00:18:16,057
and opened the country's first
copper rolling mill,
421
00:18:16,136 --> 00:18:17,471
and those things
helped the cause
422
00:18:17,572 --> 00:18:19,658
way more than his
one failed ride.
423
00:18:19,752 --> 00:18:21,457
But that's not
common knowledge,
424
00:18:21,526 --> 00:18:23,572
'cause no one wrote
a poem about them.
425
00:18:23,641 --> 00:18:25,274
Aww...
426
00:18:25,449 --> 00:18:27,003
I feel like everything I knew
427
00:18:27,072 --> 00:18:29,147
about the Revolution
is completely wrong.
428
00:18:29,216 --> 00:18:30,682
And it doesn't end there.
429
00:18:30,784 --> 00:18:32,151
Like, did you know
Betsy Ross
430
00:18:32,219 --> 00:18:33,893
didn't sew the first
American flag?
431
00:18:33,962 --> 00:18:36,551
Her name
wasn't even Betsy Ross!
432
00:18:36,676 --> 00:18:38,777
Enough!
433
00:18:38,846 --> 00:18:40,643
I don't want to hear anymore.
434
00:18:40,761 --> 00:18:43,195
I liked knowing what I knew
when I thought I knew it,
435
00:18:43,297 --> 00:18:45,097
but apparently,
every story we tell
436
00:18:45,165 --> 00:18:47,332
about the Revolution
is useless.
437
00:18:47,434 --> 00:18:51,603
No, they're not useless,
they're just not history.
438
00:18:51,705 --> 00:18:53,645
And I'll tell you what
I mean by that...
439
00:18:55,209 --> 00:18:56,833
I just need a minute
440
00:19:00,177 --> 00:19:02,814
Gather around Children.
As I'll tell tou the story
441
00:19:02,883 --> 00:19:07,646
of George Washington,
a wealthy elitist and murderer
442
00:19:07,786 --> 00:19:11,156
who led a group of drunks
into battle against their will
443
00:19:11,258 --> 00:19:14,626
to fight for a cause
they couldn't care less about.
444
00:19:16,052 --> 00:19:19,180
Also, Paul Revere wasn't there,
because apparently, he sucks.
445
00:19:19,249 --> 00:19:20,715
Oh, nuts.
446
00:19:22,102 --> 00:19:24,770
Okay, you're exaggerating
a little bit.
447
00:19:24,839 --> 00:19:26,052
No, I'm not.
448
00:19:26,121 --> 00:19:29,624
I'm telling the real horrible
stories of America's founding,
449
00:19:29,693 --> 00:19:31,337
because you took away
all my fun ones.
450
00:19:31,512 --> 00:19:34,212
Actually, I was just trying
to help you see these stories
451
00:19:34,314 --> 00:19:35,914
for what they truly are.
452
00:19:36,016 --> 00:19:39,323
So many of the tales we tell
about our nation's founding
453
00:19:39,392 --> 00:19:40,725
aren't really history.
454
00:19:40,794 --> 00:19:43,789
They're modern myths
designed to inspire us.
455
00:19:43,891 --> 00:19:45,958
And there's value in that.
456
00:19:46,060 --> 00:19:49,227
But, by flattening out
the rough edges of history,
457
00:19:49,329 --> 00:19:51,897
we also miss out
on even more interesting
458
00:19:51,999 --> 00:19:53,700
and important truths.
459
00:19:53,810 --> 00:19:56,501
Wow, I never
thought of it that way.
460
00:19:56,570 --> 00:19:59,137
You may actually have
a point there, Adam.
461
00:19:59,239 --> 00:20:01,139
And plus,
sometimes the real story
462
00:20:01,241 --> 00:20:02,974
is even weirder
than the myth.
463
00:20:03,076 --> 00:20:04,810
Did you know that
George Washington's teeth
464
00:20:04,912 --> 00:20:06,108
weren't made of wood?
465
00:20:06,177 --> 00:20:07,983
His actual dentures
were made
466
00:20:08,052 --> 00:20:09,467
from the teeth
of other people.
467
00:20:09,536 --> 00:20:12,484
And sometimes,
even donkey teeth.
468
00:20:14,454 --> 00:20:16,588
Wow, that is crazy.
469
00:20:16,690 --> 00:20:18,657
And Washington
never wore a wig.
470
00:20:18,759 --> 00:20:19,991
He just powdered his hair,
471
00:20:20,093 --> 00:20:22,894
which was naturally
a shade of reddish-brown.
472
00:20:22,996 --> 00:20:25,497
My secret's out!
I must retreat!
473
00:20:26,413 --> 00:20:28,713
Vanity, thy name is Washington.
474
00:20:29,099 --> 00:20:31,403
And the cherry-tree-chopping
story was just a myth
475
00:20:31,505 --> 00:20:33,950
made up by a biographer
to sell more books.
476
00:20:34,028 --> 00:20:36,150
Okay, Adam,
you've made your point.
477
00:20:36,243 --> 00:20:38,910
Oh, and Molly Pitcher?
Not a real person!
478
00:20:39,012 --> 00:20:41,213
Okay, I think that's all
we have time for.
479
00:20:41,315 --> 00:20:43,648
And Congress voted
for independence on July 2nd,
480
00:20:43,750 --> 00:20:45,030
not July 4th!
481
00:20:45,118 --> 00:20:47,253
Yes, yes,
you're a virtual ruin-pedia.
482
00:20:47,321 --> 00:20:48,679
And the Pledge of Allegiance
was written
483
00:20:48,747 --> 00:20:50,311
by a Baptist minister
to celebrate
484
00:20:50,387 --> 00:20:52,824
- Christopher Columbus, and...
- Wow, fascinating.
485
00:20:52,926 --> 00:20:54,553
Okay, we're ending now.
486
00:20:54,622 --> 00:20:56,802
No, wait! There's more!
487
00:21:00,801 --> 00:21:02,801
Hi, I'm Amoly
488
00:21:02,870 --> 00:21:06,239
and this is
"Same Time, Different Place."
489
00:21:06,607 --> 00:21:09,100
When people talk
about overcoming tyranny
490
00:21:09,169 --> 00:21:11,744
and oppression in the 1700s,
the American Revolution
491
00:21:11,813 --> 00:21:13,912
is the first event
that comes to mind.
492
00:21:13,981 --> 00:21:16,048
But if you really want to
celebrate a people
493
00:21:16,208 --> 00:21:18,046
throwing off
the yoke of oppression,
494
00:21:18,115 --> 00:21:20,883
you should know the story
of the Haitian revolution
495
00:21:20,985 --> 00:21:23,218
and Toussaint Louverture.
496
00:21:23,320 --> 00:21:25,821
In 1791,
Haiti was a French colony
497
00:21:25,923 --> 00:21:27,322
known as Saint-Domingue.
498
00:21:27,425 --> 00:21:30,059
By brutally extracting
the labor of enslaved people
499
00:21:30,161 --> 00:21:31,894
to produce and export sugar,
500
00:21:31,996 --> 00:21:34,630
Haiti became France's
most profitable colony.
501
00:21:34,732 --> 00:21:38,667
This colony makes
so much money!
502
00:21:38,769 --> 00:21:42,271
Vive la France!
Vive slavery!
503
00:21:42,373 --> 00:21:45,274
Many of these men and women
were kidnapped from their homes
504
00:21:45,376 --> 00:21:48,410
and forced to work on an island
halfway around the world,
505
00:21:48,512 --> 00:21:50,846
all for the sake
of their French masters.
506
00:21:50,948 --> 00:21:53,615
The situation seemed
impossible to overcome,
507
00:21:53,717 --> 00:21:57,152
until the French Revolution
provided a spark.
508
00:21:57,254 --> 00:22:01,291
Toussaint, did you hear?
The French are revolting!
509
00:22:01,360 --> 00:22:02,791
Tell me about it.
They stink!
510
00:22:02,893 --> 00:22:04,259
No!
511
00:22:04,328 --> 00:22:07,830
The people are overthrowing
the powers that be.
512
00:22:07,965 --> 00:22:09,984
If they can do it,
so can we!
513
00:22:13,100 --> 00:22:15,795
- Oi. I have a plan.
- First...
514
00:22:16,468 --> 00:22:22,281
And so, on August 21st,
1791, the enslaved began to revolt.
515
00:22:22,403 --> 00:22:23,570
Slavery!
516
00:22:23,818 --> 00:22:25,284
Slavery!
517
00:22:25,449 --> 00:22:27,359
Slavery! Oh!
518
00:22:27,534 --> 00:22:29,640
Oh! Oh!
519
00:22:30,170 --> 00:22:32,070
Yeah, I deserved that.
520
00:22:32,988 --> 00:22:35,121
I am Toussaint Louverture.
521
00:22:35,403 --> 00:22:37,203
I have undertaken vengeance.
522
00:22:37,517 --> 00:22:42,054
I want liberty and equality
to reign in Saint-Domingue!
523
00:22:42,166 --> 00:22:45,634
Unite yourselves,
brothers, and fight!
524
00:22:47,242 --> 00:22:49,005
Under the
leadership of Toussaint,
525
00:22:49,073 --> 00:22:52,174
the enslaved people, with no
training, no weapons,
526
00:22:52,276 --> 00:22:56,156
many still in chains, stormed
the homes of their masters.
527
00:22:56,273 --> 00:22:58,054
Follow me, brothers!
528
00:22:58,123 --> 00:23:01,320
The declaration of the rights
of man said it!
529
00:23:01,408 --> 00:23:06,110
Men are born
and remain free!
530
00:23:08,619 --> 00:23:12,445
He drove out the French,
he drove out the English,
531
00:23:12,514 --> 00:23:14,281
he drove out the Spanish.
532
00:23:14,374 --> 00:23:15,414
Ha ha!
533
00:23:15,483 --> 00:23:16,517
I beat England!
534
00:23:16,586 --> 00:23:17,733
I beat France!
535
00:23:17,835 --> 00:23:20,235
I pulled down
Spain's underpants!
536
00:23:20,337 --> 00:23:21,704
He abolished slavery
537
00:23:21,772 --> 00:23:23,306
and declared himself
governor general
538
00:23:23,374 --> 00:23:25,851
over the entire island
of Hispa�ola.
539
00:23:25,920 --> 00:23:28,937
Slavery is dead!
540
00:23:29,046 --> 00:23:31,462
Toussaint's rule
would last until 1803
541
00:23:31,531 --> 00:23:33,797
when Napoleon,
now ruler of France,
542
00:23:33,866 --> 00:23:36,765
sent troops to recapture
Saint-Domingue.
543
00:23:37,716 --> 00:23:39,688
Toussaint was captured
and taken to France,
544
00:23:39,757 --> 00:23:41,089
where he died in prison.
545
00:23:41,192 --> 00:23:42,992
Do not waver,
my brothers.
546
00:23:43,060 --> 00:23:45,640
Fight on and avenge me!
547
00:23:45,967 --> 00:23:47,901
But his followers
did not give up,
548
00:23:47,970 --> 00:23:51,205
and one man, Jean-Jacques
Dessalines, took the lead.
549
00:23:51,321 --> 00:23:52,754
Do not give up, brothers.
550
00:23:52,966 --> 00:23:54,665
Vive liberty!
551
00:23:56,302 --> 00:23:57,836
The formerly enslaved people
552
00:23:57,905 --> 00:24:00,372
managed to drive out
the army of Napoleon,
553
00:24:00,544 --> 00:24:02,245
the greatest conqueror
of the era.
554
00:24:02,313 --> 00:24:05,013
And on January 1st,
they declared Saint-Domingue
555
00:24:05,115 --> 00:24:07,149
an independent nation.
556
00:24:07,251 --> 00:24:10,586
Now that, my friends,
is a story worth telling.
557
00:24:10,688 --> 00:24:14,782
A group of enslaved people with
limited means and no rights
558
00:24:14,851 --> 00:24:18,828
defeated three national
superpowers, including Napoleon,
559
00:24:18,933 --> 00:24:20,833
and freed themselves to create
560
00:24:21,044 --> 00:24:24,257
the first black Republic
in the world.
561
00:24:24,491 --> 00:24:25,823
Haiti.
562
00:24:25,873 --> 00:24:30,423
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