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The Führer has given
the order for physical extermination…
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00:00:21,856 --> 00:00:25,568
literally… I had heard these words
for the first time.
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00:00:26,610 --> 00:00:28,070
I know that all too well.
4
00:00:28,463 --> 00:00:31,422
LAWRENCE Eichmann is something
of a logistical mastermind
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00:00:31,466 --> 00:00:33,859
and he does this
with full awareness
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00:00:33,903 --> 00:00:37,646
that the result of deporting
these Jewish persons
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00:00:37,689 --> 00:00:41,432
to these killing centers is
that they're going to be killed.
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00:00:43,478 --> 00:00:44,740
Previously
onThe Devil's Confession:
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00:00:44,783 --> 00:00:46,350
The Lost Eichmann's Tapes.
10
00:00:46,394 --> 00:00:49,223
Israeli Attorney General
Gideon Hausner
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00:00:49,266 --> 00:00:51,355
is determined
to find the tapes
12
00:00:51,399 --> 00:00:54,097
Willem Sassen recorded
with Adolf Eichmann
13
00:00:54,141 --> 00:00:55,968
to prove he is the architect
14
00:00:56,012 --> 00:00:59,102
of the "Final Solution
to the Jewish Question. "
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00:00:59,146 --> 00:01:01,235
Faced with the suspected
interference
16
00:01:01,278 --> 00:01:04,238
from the West German,
Israeli, and US governments
17
00:01:04,281 --> 00:01:06,327
in his attempts
to secure the tapes,
18
00:01:06,370 --> 00:01:08,416
Hausner manages to somehow
19
00:01:08,459 --> 00:01:10,592
obtain transcripts
of the recordings
20
00:01:10,635 --> 00:01:13,029
that include notes
from Eichmann.
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00:01:13,073 --> 00:01:16,815
But will the court allow them
to be admitted into evidence?
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00:01:16,859 --> 00:01:20,558
GIDEON
Efforts have been made
to obtain the manuscript,
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00:01:20,414 --> 00:01:22,416
and indeed, it is now in our hands.
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00:01:26,347 --> 00:01:27,826
MAN
All rise!
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00:01:27,870 --> 00:01:29,350
Adolf Eichmann.
Adolf Eichmann.
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00:01:29,757 --> 00:01:33,469
The extended arm of Hitler's evil regime.
27
00:01:33,658 --> 00:01:37,097
Nazis have always denied
their role in the Holocaust.
28
00:01:37,014 --> 00:01:39,225
It could not have been me,
29
00:01:39,308 --> 00:01:41,060
because it was not my decision
in such cases.
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00:01:42,798 --> 00:01:45,148
After the
war, many fled Europe,
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00:01:45,192 --> 00:01:47,977
including the architect
of the Final Solution-
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00:01:48,020 --> 00:01:49,979
Adolf Eichmann.
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00:01:50,022 --> 00:01:51,981
He's practically
the last important Nazi
34
00:01:52,024 --> 00:01:54,679
who arrived in Argentina
after the war.
35
00:01:56,594 --> 00:01:58,292
While hiding in Argentina,
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00:01:58,335 --> 00:02:00,381
Eichmann records
a series of interviews
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00:02:00,424 --> 00:02:02,470
with Nazi journalist
Willem Sassen,
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00:02:02,513 --> 00:02:05,125
admitting his role
in the Holocaust.
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00:02:05,168 --> 00:02:07,736
Sassen came up
with this crazy idea
40
00:02:07,779 --> 00:02:10,304
that he would interview the
mastermind of the Holocaust.
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00:02:10,347 --> 00:02:13,089
This is him boasting
about what he did.
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00:02:14,786 --> 00:02:16,832
The tapes are rediscovered.
43
00:02:16,875 --> 00:02:18,790
And now for the first time,
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00:02:18,834 --> 00:02:20,749
we'll hear Eichmann
admitting his crimes,
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00:02:20,792 --> 00:02:23,795
a true Nazi confession.
46
00:02:36,949 --> 00:02:38,993
All rise!
47
00:03:00,528 --> 00:03:03,095
GIDEON
Okay, so now take this text,
48
00:03:03,017 --> 00:03:05,895
analyze it sentence by sentence
49
00:03:05,978 --> 00:03:10,649
and tell us what is true
and what is false.
50
00:03:14,361 --> 00:03:17,031
Take a look at the section I marked,
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00:03:17,114 --> 00:03:21,702
"I wasn't an ordinary receiver of orders.
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00:03:22,494 --> 00:03:24,914
If I was, I would be stupid.
53
00:03:25,372 --> 00:03:28,375
I was an idealist. "
54
00:03:28,709 --> 00:03:30,044
Did you say that?
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00:03:31,211 --> 00:03:32,504
That's…
56
00:03:32,588 --> 00:03:38,719
I must say, this is
completely made-up nonsense.
57
00:03:39,386 --> 00:03:43,724
Being an idealist has nothing to do
with receiving or giving orders.
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00:03:45,312 --> 00:03:49,098
Eichmann denies that
the transcripts are his words,
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00:03:49,141 --> 00:03:52,232
challenging Hausner to produce
the original recordings.
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00:03:53,842 --> 00:03:57,802
ADOLF
I just thought of something,
Mr. Prosecutor.
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00:03:58,364 --> 00:04:04,161
You said that there are tapes.
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00:04:05,454 --> 00:04:08,916
One should try to get these tapes.
63
00:04:09,458 --> 00:04:15,965
And it would prove if I said it or not.
64
00:04:16,256 --> 00:04:20,010
Look, I can do my job without advice.
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00:04:20,094 --> 00:04:22,346
I ask that you tell me
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00:04:23,097 --> 00:04:25,808
if you said those things or not?
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00:04:29,747 --> 00:04:31,575
Eichmann plays full risk
68
00:04:31,619 --> 00:04:35,057
and is 100% sure that the
tapes will never be heard
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00:04:35,100 --> 00:04:38,234
because he knows
what else is on these tapes.
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00:04:38,278 --> 00:04:40,192
Hausner
must convince the court
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00:04:40,236 --> 00:04:42,978
of the validity
of the transcripts
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00:04:43,021 --> 00:04:45,589
before they can be
admitted into evidence.
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00:04:46,721 --> 00:04:49,767
We know that the tapes exist,
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00:04:49,811 --> 00:04:51,552
because they exist
to this day.
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00:04:52,335 --> 00:04:54,816
Did the Israeli government
know the tapes existed?
76
00:04:56,034 --> 00:04:58,254
And so the mystery,
the enduring mystery,
77
00:04:58,298 --> 00:05:01,301
is why the people
that had access to the tapes
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00:05:02,127 --> 00:05:08,351
didn't tell the prosecutors
that those tapes existed.
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00:05:08,395 --> 00:05:11,876
As Hausner waits for a ruling
on the transcripts' admission,
80
00:05:11,920 --> 00:05:15,402
the trial continues
in Jerusalem.
81
00:05:15,445 --> 00:05:18,100
And the Attorney General
pursues a new strategy
82
00:05:18,143 --> 00:05:20,842
to prove that Eichmann is
not just a simple bureaucrat,
83
00:05:20,885 --> 00:05:24,019
but also a cold-blooded
murderer himself.
84
00:05:25,200 --> 00:05:28,871
After the middle of May 1944,
85
00:05:29,163 --> 00:05:31,540
we were led to a villa
86
00:05:32,624 --> 00:05:35,461
that later turned out to be
the private residence of Adolf Eichmann.
87
00:05:37,254 --> 00:05:41,717
I saw him when I was digging,
I heard shouting.
88
00:05:41,800 --> 00:05:42,634
Yes.
89
00:05:43,218 --> 00:05:49,099
I saw Eichmann's driver walk over
to one of the Jewish boys working with us,
90
00:05:49,183 --> 00:05:51,018
I knew him as Shalamon,
91
00:05:51,101 --> 00:05:52,478
and he yelled at him,
92
00:05:52,561 --> 00:05:55,064
"You stole cherries off the tree,"
93
00:05:56,231 --> 00:06:00,569
and I saw Eichmann standing
on the upper balcony.
94
00:06:00,903 --> 00:06:03,238
Then I saw the boy
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00:06:03,322 --> 00:06:06,241
being pushed into the warehouse
and locked up there.
96
00:06:06,325 --> 00:06:12,164
Then I heard horrible screams,
pounding, beatings.
97
00:06:13,165 --> 00:06:17,127
The screams went on
for 10-15 minutes.
98
00:06:17,628 --> 00:06:22,382
When I heard no more screams,
the door opened,
99
00:06:22,466 --> 00:06:25,177
and Eichmann emerged.
100
00:06:25,886 --> 00:06:32,142
He left quickly
and the boy's body was dragged out.
101
00:06:33,654 --> 00:06:38,136
On some level,
Hausner still found it
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00:06:38,180 --> 00:06:41,705
necessary to try to add:
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00:06:41,749 --> 00:06:44,012
"And yes, he killed someone
with his own hands. "
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00:06:45,489 --> 00:06:49,952
In response to this question,
I can only say
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00:06:50,244 --> 00:06:54,540
that I have never killed a human being,
106
00:06:54,915 --> 00:06:58,043
that I have never beaten
a human being to death,
107
00:06:58,127 --> 00:07:01,171
and that I have never
hit a human being.
108
00:07:01,377 --> 00:07:04,685
LAWRENCE Eichmann only
really becomes very agitated
109
00:07:04,728 --> 00:07:07,165
in really rebutting
that claim.
110
00:07:07,209 --> 00:07:10,430
So he's really passionate
about saying,
111
00:07:10,473 --> 00:07:12,257
"I didn't kill anyone
with my own hands. "
112
00:07:12,997 --> 00:07:15,870
So I-I'm willing to give him
the benefit of the doubt
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00:07:15,913 --> 00:07:18,655
that he didn't beat anyone
to death with his own hands.
114
00:07:18,699 --> 00:07:22,180
And ultimately, the judges
did not accept that.
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00:07:22,224 --> 00:07:24,226
But that has nothing to do
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00:07:24,269 --> 00:07:25,706
with, again,
the kind of nature
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00:07:25,749 --> 00:07:28,360
of bureaucratic
responsibility,
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00:07:28,404 --> 00:07:31,146
which Hausner
himself recognizes
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00:07:31,189 --> 00:07:34,889
as the key crime
that he's responsible for.
120
00:07:36,151 --> 00:07:38,675
MICHAEL
Eichmann never shot anyone himself.
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00:07:39,209 --> 00:07:41,545
He only shot with his pen.
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00:07:42,838 --> 00:07:44,965
The commander of Auschwitz
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00:07:45,591 --> 00:07:49,386
once asked him
when he visited him
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00:07:49,720 --> 00:07:53,807
if perhaps the babies could be spared,
125
00:07:53,891 --> 00:07:55,434
not be put
126
00:07:55,893 --> 00:07:59,104
with their parents in the gas chambers.
127
00:07:59,563 --> 00:08:04,276
Eichmann replied,
and this appears in Rudolf Höss memoirs,
128
00:08:05,110 --> 00:08:08,614
the children must be exterminated,
129
00:08:08,697 --> 00:08:10,824
for they could grow up
130
00:08:11,533 --> 00:08:14,077
and want to seek revenge on us.
131
00:08:20,500 --> 00:08:21,877
That was Eichmann.
132
00:08:23,128 --> 00:08:24,171
To the end.
133
00:08:26,723 --> 00:08:29,857
On the tapes,
Eichmann refers to the same man,
134
00:08:29,900 --> 00:08:32,207
the commander of the
Auschwitz extermination camp,
135
00:08:32,250 --> 00:08:33,991
Rudolf Hoöss, as a role model.
136
00:08:35,950 --> 00:08:37,517
ADOLF
And this is what Höss did.
137
00:08:38,352 --> 00:08:40,103
That's what he did.
138
00:08:40,562 --> 00:08:44,024
I told you already,
he was not
139
00:08:44,107 --> 00:08:47,277
the brutal concentration
camp commander
140
00:08:47,361 --> 00:08:50,113
one imagines
with the face of a bulldog,
141
00:08:50,530 --> 00:08:54,117
he was a father to a load of children.
142
00:08:54,201 --> 00:08:58,163
He had sympathy
for human needs and worries.
143
00:08:59,581 --> 00:09:02,918
He had orders that bound him.
144
00:09:03,377 --> 00:09:05,212
Had I received the order
145
00:09:05,462 --> 00:09:08,674
to gas Jews or shoot Jews,
146
00:09:09,383 --> 00:09:12,052
I would have executed these orders.
147
00:09:15,806 --> 00:09:17,015
Rudolf Höss,
148
00:09:17,933 --> 00:09:20,269
in the statements you know…
149
00:09:21,812 --> 00:09:24,940
- Yes, I met with Höss.
- He was at your place in Budapest.
150
00:09:25,440 --> 00:09:26,900
Yes, he visited me in Budapest.
151
00:09:27,192 --> 00:09:31,780
To determine Auschwitz's capacity
to absorb Hungarian Jews?
152
00:09:31,863 --> 00:09:36,285
Even in Hungary, I was not
giving orders, but receiving orders.
153
00:09:36,535 --> 00:09:42,833
He had to address the higher ranks.
154
00:09:45,933 --> 00:09:48,196
Hausner learns
from the Sassen transcripts
155
00:09:48,239 --> 00:09:50,633
that Eichmann met Hoöss
in Budapest.
156
00:09:55,072 --> 00:09:56,683
It is in Hungary
where Eichmann commits
157
00:09:56,726 --> 00:09:59,468
perhaps
his most heinous crime-
158
00:09:59,511 --> 00:10:02,950
the mass murder of Hungarian
Jews towards the end of the war.
159
00:10:04,560 --> 00:10:07,694
Actually, you could
conduct a trial solely
160
00:10:07,737 --> 00:10:10,348
around the Hungarian affair.
161
00:10:12,481 --> 00:10:16,006
Doing so would be
quite convincing
162
00:10:16,050 --> 00:10:18,356
that the trial
is a fair trial.
163
00:10:18,400 --> 00:10:20,358
Nobody would say any criticism
164
00:10:20,402 --> 00:10:23,187
about the handling
of the trial and its outcome.
165
00:10:23,915 --> 00:10:29,796
In Sassen's transcript, page 737,
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00:10:30,297 --> 00:10:33,091
you made a comparison
between the various countries.
167
00:10:34,051 --> 00:10:35,969
As for Holland, you said,
168
00:10:36,345 --> 00:10:38,889
"It was a splendor
how it was all rolling. "
169
00:10:39,639 --> 00:10:44,686
As for Denmark, you said,"It was almost a
scandal," or similar words.
170
00:10:44,770 --> 00:10:47,397
And as for Hungary, you said,
171
00:10:47,814 --> 00:10:52,903
"Hungary really offered us the Jews
like in a fire sale!
172
00:10:53,612 --> 00:10:56,239
Hungary was the only country
173
00:10:56,531 --> 00:10:59,618
for which we couldn't work fast enough. "
174
00:11:11,279 --> 00:11:14,586
HANNA Hungary was a
relatively safe place for Jews
175
00:11:14,630 --> 00:11:18,634
during Second World War
until May of 1944.
176
00:11:28,600 --> 00:11:32,082
In Hungary still lives
the largest community,
177
00:11:32,126 --> 00:11:35,172
untouched, about 800,000
Jews,
178
00:11:35,216 --> 00:11:38,567
and they are convinced that
they will come out of the war
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00:11:38,610 --> 00:11:40,134
completely unharmed.
180
00:11:45,356 --> 00:11:48,969
The Soviet army was standing
at the Hungarian border.
181
00:11:49,796 --> 00:11:54,714
They were ready to cross
the mountains into Hungary.
182
00:11:54,757 --> 00:11:56,672
What is clear at that point
183
00:11:56,716 --> 00:11:59,153
is that Germany
is going to lose this war.
184
00:12:01,503 --> 00:12:05,550
For the Hungarian Jews,
there was so much hope.
185
00:12:13,254 --> 00:12:14,995
Eichmann comes in
186
00:12:15,038 --> 00:12:17,040
and he organizes
187
00:12:17,084 --> 00:12:20,087
he deportation
of Hungarian Jews.
188
00:12:23,394 --> 00:12:25,570
The people he brought with him
189
00:12:25,614 --> 00:12:29,792
were also all
experienced deporters.
190
00:12:30,184 --> 00:12:32,664
They had deported Jews
from all over Europe,
191
00:12:35,145 --> 00:12:36,668
and they knew how to do it.
192
00:12:39,280 --> 00:12:41,891
And they also knew
that the Hungarian government
193
00:12:41,935 --> 00:12:43,719
would play along with them,
194
00:12:43,763 --> 00:12:45,112
the marionettes.
195
00:12:45,939 --> 00:12:47,636
He gets Hungarian railways,
196
00:12:47,679 --> 00:12:50,247
the Hungarian militia,
the Hungarian police.
197
00:12:53,773 --> 00:12:55,687
Nazi law requires Jews
198
00:12:55,731 --> 00:12:58,212
in all communities across
the occupied territories
199
00:12:58,255 --> 00:13:00,431
to form a Judenrat,
200
00:13:00,475 --> 00:13:03,086
a Jewish council
of local leaders.
201
00:13:03,130 --> 00:13:05,567
Eichmann then sets
about gaining the trust
202
00:13:05,610 --> 00:13:07,482
of these Jewish
community leaders
203
00:13:07,525 --> 00:13:09,049
and puts pressure on them
204
00:13:09,092 --> 00:13:10,877
to help
with the deportations.
205
00:13:13,227 --> 00:13:17,013
The Eichmann system is
first of all to use pressure
206
00:13:17,057 --> 00:13:20,495
to help him
organize deportations.
207
00:13:23,454 --> 00:13:26,066
When he arrives in Budapest,
208
00:13:26,109 --> 00:13:29,939
he has a meeting with the leaders
of the Hungarian Jewish community.
209
00:13:30,940 --> 00:13:32,637
He says to them,
210
00:13:32,681 --> 00:13:34,814
"You know, you have to wear
the yellow star
211
00:13:34,857 --> 00:13:36,119
and you have to pay
for it yourself,
212
00:13:36,163 --> 00:13:37,555
but if you do what I say,
213
00:13:37,599 --> 00:13:38,861
everything will be okay. "
214
00:13:39,906 --> 00:13:41,733
I met a woman,
215
00:13:41,777 --> 00:13:43,387
she remembers her father
coming home from the meeting
216
00:13:43,431 --> 00:13:46,086
and saying to her mother,
217
00:13:46,129 --> 00:13:47,827
"We can work with this man. "
218
00:13:50,917 --> 00:13:55,660
WILLEM
"On March 31st, 1944 the Judenrat
219
00:13:53,583 --> 00:13:57,045
had a first discussion
with Eichmann at the Majestic.
220
00:13:58,296 --> 00:14:01,299
'You don't know who I am?
I am a bloodhound',
221
00:14:02,342 --> 00:14:04,511
Eichmann declared at that time. "
222
00:14:05,220 --> 00:14:07,681
Yes, maybe I said that,
223
00:14:07,931 --> 00:14:11,601
how shall I say, sarcastically, and…
224
00:14:12,394 --> 00:14:15,188
with a combination of humor and sarcasm.
225
00:14:16,064 --> 00:14:19,317
Just as I occasionally said
226
00:14:19,401 --> 00:14:21,945
to the important Jews,
when I met them,
227
00:14:22,028 --> 00:14:23,446
when they arrived.
228
00:14:23,738 --> 00:14:27,075
Something like,
"Do you know where you are?
229
00:14:27,576 --> 00:14:29,869
You are with
the Tsar of the Jews, dear friend!"
230
00:14:30,579 --> 00:14:33,957
This is how I wanted to address them
231
00:14:35,000 --> 00:14:39,045
so they wouldn't have worries or concerns.
232
00:14:39,963 --> 00:14:44,801
Because I am not the bloodhound
that people accuse me of being.
233
00:14:51,891 --> 00:14:55,720
EVA Most of these Jewish
families from the countryside
234
00:14:56,330 --> 00:14:59,724
believed that it could not
happen with them.
235
00:14:59,768 --> 00:15:03,511
They will be deported
for work in Germany
236
00:15:03,554 --> 00:15:07,689
and they prepared
themselves also that way,
237
00:15:07,732 --> 00:15:10,474
so if you see
what they brought,
238
00:15:10,518 --> 00:15:14,087
uh, these 50-kilogram
packages,
239
00:15:14,130 --> 00:15:19,048
for example, a doctor
prepared himself as a doctor.
240
00:15:19,092 --> 00:15:21,137
And then,
241
00:15:22,051 --> 00:15:26,012
of course, they believed that they
will work as a doctor in Germany.
242
00:15:26,926 --> 00:15:29,450
Forced labor, but still work.
243
00:15:33,671 --> 00:15:35,978
I never ever heard
244
00:15:36,022 --> 00:15:39,764
about a letter to the mayor
245
00:15:39,808 --> 00:15:43,507
or to the school director
246
00:15:44,030 --> 00:15:47,642
asking, "What happened
with my Jewish neighbors?"
247
00:15:48,034 --> 00:15:49,905
We must remember it
248
00:15:49,949 --> 00:15:54,040
as the most shameful event
in Hungarian history.
249
00:15:54,083 --> 00:15:57,521
Such a united effort
for that single purpose
250
00:15:57,565 --> 00:16:00,611
to deport and transport
251
00:16:00,655 --> 00:16:03,397
so many Hungarian
252
00:16:03,440 --> 00:16:06,574
fellow citizens
from this country.
253
00:16:10,839 --> 00:16:12,972
GIDEON
You told Sassen that Hungary
was the only country
254
00:16:16,351 --> 00:16:20,480
in which you weren't able
to keep up with the rate of deportations.
255
00:16:20,939 --> 00:16:22,941
That's what you said to Sassen, true?
256
00:16:23,024 --> 00:16:25,151
No, that cannot be true.
257
00:16:25,235 --> 00:16:30,782
Many things were written, as you said,
Mr. Prosecutor, and this is not correct.
258
00:16:33,644 --> 00:16:35,472
During the trial, Eichmann
259
00:16:35,516 --> 00:16:37,474
adamantly
denies responsibility
260
00:16:37,518 --> 00:16:40,303
for the massacre
of Hungary's Jews.
261
00:16:40,347 --> 00:16:44,003
But on the tapes, Eichmann
does not dispute his role
262
00:16:44,046 --> 00:16:47,702
and admits that the
deportations happened quickly.
263
00:16:50,139 --> 00:16:54,535
WILLEM
We have concluded
that the deportations from…
264
00:16:55,932 --> 00:17:00,895
Hungary, under the leadership
of the master
265
00:17:01,396 --> 00:17:04,190
were conducted in an exemplary manner.
266
00:17:05,859 --> 00:17:11,948
Can one say that in 46 days
all this happened?
267
00:17:13,158 --> 00:17:14,534
It seems exaggerated.
268
00:17:15,994 --> 00:17:17,203
Too fast?
269
00:17:17,287 --> 00:17:19,164
Of course it happened fast.
270
00:17:19,247 --> 00:17:23,126
But 46 days seems a bit exaggerated to me.
271
00:17:24,794 --> 00:17:27,964
Maybe you are referring
to 46 work days?
272
00:17:28,631 --> 00:17:32,218
But not in 46 days,
273
00:17:32,302 --> 00:17:33,970
meaning, a month and a half.
274
00:17:37,807 --> 00:17:44,063
There were only whispers and rumors
275
00:17:44,147 --> 00:17:49,319
about a place in Poland
where terrible things are happening.
276
00:17:49,944 --> 00:17:53,323
But the people who
were deported to Auschwitz,
277
00:17:53,656 --> 00:17:58,203
they all sent a postcard
that said the same thing,
278
00:17:58,453 --> 00:18:02,040
that they feel fine,
that they're working, something like that.
279
00:18:02,123 --> 00:18:06,461
These were uniform postcards
that were sent to the relatives.
280
00:18:10,001 --> 00:18:11,612
HANNA
My own mother
281
00:18:11,655 --> 00:18:15,181
arrived in Auschwitz
in September of 1944.
282
00:18:15,224 --> 00:18:19,228
She didn't know
what is that place.
283
00:18:19,272 --> 00:18:20,751
Where did she arrive to?
284
00:18:20,795 --> 00:18:22,144
We have an album,
285
00:18:22,188 --> 00:18:24,059
the Auschwitz album,
286
00:18:24,103 --> 00:18:27,323
which has pictures of one of
the transports from Hungary.
287
00:18:27,367 --> 00:18:29,630
You see people
very well-dressed,
288
00:18:29,673 --> 00:18:32,807
standing in a very
idyllic forest
289
00:18:32,850 --> 00:18:35,853
like on a lovely
Sunday picnic.
290
00:18:35,897 --> 00:18:40,293
They are standing in circles.
they are sitting on the ground.
291
00:18:40,336 --> 00:18:42,077
Some of them are laughing.
292
00:18:42,904 --> 00:18:45,863
The gap between
what you see in the pictures
293
00:18:45,907 --> 00:18:49,954
and what you know that will
happen in the next half an hour,
294
00:18:49,998 --> 00:18:53,741
it is a completely
classical illustration
295
00:18:53,784 --> 00:18:56,178
of the way Eichmann
296
00:18:56,222 --> 00:18:58,920
cheated his victims
297
00:18:58,963 --> 00:19:02,532
to believe that no harm
will happen to them.
298
00:19:03,533 --> 00:19:08,538
MARTIN
Once we arrived in Auschwitz,
we got an order to get out.
299
00:19:08,481 --> 00:19:12,026
And I saw my wife.
How did I recognize her?
300
00:19:12,402 --> 00:19:16,739
My daughter was wearing a red coat
301
00:19:17,490 --> 00:19:21,661
and that red dot was the sign
302
00:19:21,744 --> 00:19:25,456
that she is there
303
00:19:25,832 --> 00:19:31,880
and the dot became smaller and smaller.
304
00:19:34,507 --> 00:19:37,969
I walked away and never saw her again.
305
00:19:42,849 --> 00:19:44,684
When I heard that,
306
00:19:45,226 --> 00:19:47,937
I fell silent. Why?
307
00:19:48,771 --> 00:19:52,442
Because my daughter
was two and a half years old
308
00:19:53,276 --> 00:19:57,196
and shortly before that
I bought her a red coat.
309
00:19:58,948 --> 00:20:02,076
I couldn't get a word out of my mouth.
310
00:20:05,204 --> 00:20:07,540
Even before we entered the barracks,
311
00:20:07,916 --> 00:20:12,503
a command came down:
all the boys to the soccer field.
312
00:20:12,962 --> 00:20:15,840
Those days were the pinnacle of Auschwitz.
313
00:20:16,549 --> 00:20:22,013
Within seven weeks,
from May 16 to June 10,
314
00:20:22,430 --> 00:20:28,978
438,000 Jews were brought to Auschwitz
on 150 trains.
315
00:20:32,065 --> 00:20:37,528
Four chimneys emitted flames
and black smoke day and night.
316
00:20:37,612 --> 00:20:42,075
When those didn't suffice,
they dug pits and burned bodies to ashes.
317
00:20:43,284 --> 00:20:44,744
It was horrible.
318
00:20:45,203 --> 00:20:49,499
Some days the smoke did not rise
into the sky,
319
00:20:49,582 --> 00:20:52,168
but spread over the Auschwitz camp
320
00:20:52,251 --> 00:20:55,880
and covered the camp
with a black cloud.
321
00:21:01,303 --> 00:21:04,088
To prove that Eichmann
played a key role in Hungary,
322
00:21:04,132 --> 00:21:06,526
Hausner calls witnesses
to testify
323
00:21:06,569 --> 00:21:08,963
that knew Eichmann
during that time.
324
00:21:11,562 --> 00:21:13,815
- Do you see the defendant here?
- Yes.
325
00:21:13,898 --> 00:21:15,984
Can you identify him?
326
00:21:20,530 --> 00:21:26,536
In my memory,
Herr Obersturmbannführer Eichmann.
327
00:21:27,120 --> 00:21:29,747
is in uniform, in high boots,
328
00:21:30,707 --> 00:21:37,088
standing with his legs spread
and his hand on the gun in his belt,
329
00:21:37,797 --> 00:21:42,969
shouting at me in a tone that was
so characteristic of the "Master Race. "
330
00:21:44,470 --> 00:21:49,392
But despite that, I know that this is him.
331
00:21:53,688 --> 00:21:58,026
When did you find out what was being done
to the Jews in Auschwitz?
332
00:21:58,359 --> 00:22:01,446
I received letters once, and among them
333
00:22:01,529 --> 00:22:05,908
was the report on Auschwitz.
334
00:22:07,076 --> 00:22:08,745
It says
335
00:22:08,828 --> 00:22:15,543
that to date, one million and 450 thousand
336
00:22:15,626 --> 00:22:16,461
Jews have been killed.
337
00:22:17,336 --> 00:22:22,091
Detailed, in France, numbers.
338
00:22:25,136 --> 00:22:26,763
And the last sentence -
339
00:22:27,221 --> 00:22:32,393
"And now we are preparing
to receive the Jews of Hungary. "
340
00:22:36,773 --> 00:22:39,942
Our leaders fed us sedatives
in the ghettos so that we don't revolt!
341
00:22:40,026 --> 00:22:41,944
Silence in the court.
342
00:22:44,906 --> 00:22:48,242
I request silence once again
and this is the last time!
343
00:22:49,744 --> 00:22:52,789
Get this man out of here.
I am stopping the session.
344
00:22:57,854 --> 00:23:01,380
RONI Only once during the trial did
someone from the gallery cry out:
345
00:23:01,902 --> 00:23:05,427
"You, the Jewish leadership,
you saved yourselves.
346
00:23:05,471 --> 00:23:08,865
You ran away. "
347
00:23:08,909 --> 00:23:11,346
The man crying out from the
crowd during the testimony
348
00:23:11,390 --> 00:23:13,609
is no accident.
349
00:23:13,653 --> 00:23:15,437
He accuses
Hungarian community leaders
350
00:23:15,481 --> 00:23:17,178
of collaborating
with the Nazis
351
00:23:17,221 --> 00:23:18,832
and abandoning their people.
352
00:23:22,575 --> 00:23:24,359
Gideon Hausner's great fear
353
00:23:24,403 --> 00:23:26,100
was that the trial
would be riddled
354
00:23:26,143 --> 00:23:29,277
with accounts between
the Jews and themselves.
355
00:23:30,060 --> 00:23:32,715
There were Jews who
collaborated with the Nazis.
356
00:23:32,759 --> 00:23:34,325
There's no hiding that.
357
00:23:34,935 --> 00:23:37,677
ADOLF
You can imagine
that with such people,
358
00:23:37,708 --> 00:23:40,128
Storfer, Löwenherz, Eppstein,
359
00:23:40,211 --> 00:23:42,755
that one Jewish lawyer Kasztner…
360
00:23:45,641 --> 00:23:47,426
On the tapes, Eichmann mentions
361
00:23:47,469 --> 00:23:49,297
various Jewish leaders.
362
00:23:49,340 --> 00:23:51,952
Among them
is Israel Kasztner,
363
00:23:51,995 --> 00:23:55,521
a Hungarian community leader and
representative of the Zionist movement
364
00:23:55,564 --> 00:23:57,740
that will become
the Israeli government.
365
00:24:00,047 --> 00:24:02,745
The story of Kasztner and
the accusations against him,
366
00:24:02,789 --> 00:24:04,878
both during and after
the war,
367
00:24:04,921 --> 00:24:06,270
are so controversial
368
00:24:06,314 --> 00:24:08,316
that the mention of his name
369
00:24:08,359 --> 00:24:10,318
is probably something
Ben-Gurion and his government
370
00:24:10,361 --> 00:24:13,103
would prefer to keep out
of the Eichmann trial.
371
00:24:16,977 --> 00:24:20,459
The image of Kasztner hovers
over Eichmann's trial.
372
00:24:21,068 --> 00:24:24,071
Kasztner arranged for a train
373
00:24:24,114 --> 00:24:28,423
of around 1,600
prominent Hungarian Jews,
374
00:24:28,467 --> 00:24:31,034
including members
of his own family,
375
00:24:31,078 --> 00:24:34,603
to basically, um,
go to Switzerland.
376
00:24:34,647 --> 00:24:37,606
And one of the questions
that, uh, arose
377
00:24:37,650 --> 00:24:42,524
was whether Kasztner was a
collaborator with the devil.
378
00:24:44,265 --> 00:24:46,746
The devil
in question is Eichmann.
379
00:24:46,789 --> 00:24:50,097
After the war, Kastner is
accused by many Jewish survivors
380
00:24:50,140 --> 00:24:52,012
of collaborating
with the Nazis
381
00:24:52,055 --> 00:24:54,884
to keep the nature
of the deportations a secret
382
00:24:54,928 --> 00:24:58,322
in exchange for the freedom
of those he managed to save.
383
00:25:01,151 --> 00:25:03,806
There are Jews in Hungary,
384
00:25:03,850 --> 00:25:07,114
survivors to this day
and certainly their offspring,
385
00:25:08,028 --> 00:25:11,510
who feel that Kasztner could
have warned them and didn't.
386
00:25:12,206 --> 00:25:16,079
Kasztner insisted he did warn,
he did tell in the underground
387
00:25:16,123 --> 00:25:19,474
and that he did save more
Jews than anybody else saved,
388
00:25:19,518 --> 00:25:20,867
more Jews than Schindler.
389
00:25:23,434 --> 00:25:25,828
And this had become
a cause céIèbre
390
00:25:25,872 --> 00:25:28,527
in the first years
of the State of Israel,
391
00:25:29,745 --> 00:25:33,836
because it raised the question
of dealing with the devil.
392
00:25:38,711 --> 00:25:43,106
SUZANNE
My father told me,
393
00:25:40,122 --> 00:25:43,042
"You'll hear a lot of bad things
about your dad. "
394
00:25:44,210 --> 00:25:48,923
I remember laughing, because he didn't
know how much I already knew.
395
00:25:49,632 --> 00:25:52,677
He was spit on.
He couldn't get on a bus.
396
00:25:53,678 --> 00:25:55,763
He couldn't buy a newspaper.
397
00:25:56,055 --> 00:25:58,140
They actually spat in his face.
398
00:25:58,599 --> 00:26:00,309
I got spit on too once.
399
00:26:02,728 --> 00:26:06,857
My parents didn't know that I was beaten
up and got stones hurled at me.
400
00:26:07,692 --> 00:26:11,821
That I was tossed into a pit of lime
and almost died.
401
00:26:16,966 --> 00:26:18,664
We haven't yet heard, have we,
402
00:26:18,707 --> 00:26:21,667
what happened
to these Jews from Hungary?
403
00:26:21,710 --> 00:26:23,277
Later,
at the Nuremberg Trials,
404
00:26:23,320 --> 00:26:24,583
Kasztner testifies
405
00:26:24,626 --> 00:26:26,585
on behalf of accused Nazis.
406
00:26:29,152 --> 00:26:31,546
When asked
why he would do such a thing,
407
00:26:31,590 --> 00:26:33,940
Kasztner astonishes everyone
by admitting that he'd done so
408
00:26:33,983 --> 00:26:36,595
at the request of the
provisional Israeli government.
409
00:26:38,248 --> 00:26:40,468
But many deny
Kasztner's claims.
410
00:26:45,386 --> 00:26:49,738
SUZZANE
Father was sent to the Nuremberg Trials
on behalf of the Jewish Agency
411
00:26:49,984 --> 00:26:52,486
and the Israeli government.
It's as simple as that.
412
00:26:54,405 --> 00:26:57,325
I found all the documents
related to the trip,
413
00:26:57,742 --> 00:26:59,452
also the expenses he received.
414
00:27:04,498 --> 00:27:07,543
And when he said so,
they said he's lying.
415
00:27:17,287 --> 00:27:20,421
It is clear that
Ben-Gurion is denying this.
416
00:27:20,464 --> 00:27:23,380
The leadership of the settlement
would not protect people
417
00:27:23,424 --> 00:27:26,645
who were involved in the
murder of Jews in Europe.
418
00:27:26,688 --> 00:27:30,823
It's unfathomable,
it's unforgivable.
419
00:27:30,866 --> 00:27:33,695
Kasztner feels abandoned
by the Israeli government,
420
00:27:33,739 --> 00:27:37,220
knowing they fear he will reveal
the reason for his testimony.
421
00:27:39,745 --> 00:27:43,749
On the night between March 3rd and
4th, when he returned to his home,
422
00:27:43,792 --> 00:27:46,795
three assassins were waiting
outside the building
423
00:27:48,101 --> 00:27:50,886
and shot him.
424
00:27:55,412 --> 00:27:57,937
Ten days later,
he passed away.
425
00:27:58,511 --> 00:28:00,513
He knew they were going to murder him.
426
00:28:00,971 --> 00:28:02,139
He knew.
427
00:28:05,768 --> 00:28:07,978
I came home from school
428
00:28:08,062 --> 00:28:09,730
and he called me over
429
00:28:09,814 --> 00:28:12,525
and there was an urgency in his voice,
430
00:28:12,608 --> 00:28:14,610
as if to say,
if he didn't tell me now,
431
00:28:14,693 --> 00:28:16,487
he may never have the chance.
432
00:28:16,570 --> 00:28:19,698
That I should always remember -
he tried his best
433
00:28:19,782 --> 00:28:22,743
to save as many Jews as possible.
434
00:28:26,052 --> 00:28:28,184
Kasztner dies,
never revealing the reason
435
00:28:28,228 --> 00:28:31,318
for his testimony
in Nuremberg.
436
00:28:31,361 --> 00:28:33,537
The secrets he knew
about the Israeli government
437
00:28:33,581 --> 00:28:35,322
are thought
to be safe forever.
438
00:28:37,933 --> 00:28:41,763
But just four years later, the risk
of the secrets being revealed returns
439
00:28:41,807 --> 00:28:45,593
when the possibility of Sassen's
tapes being heard in court emerges.
440
00:28:48,378 --> 00:28:54,341
The tapes contain information that connects
to Kasztner's testimony in Nuremberg.
441
00:28:54,384 --> 00:28:58,649
Eichmann discusses a Nazi
officer named Kurt Becher,
442
00:28:58,693 --> 00:29:03,698
who is one of the men that Kasztner
testifies for at the trials.
443
00:29:03,742 --> 00:29:08,007
Becher manages the assets
seized from the Hungarian Jews,
444
00:29:08,050 --> 00:29:11,445
including companies
like Manfred Weiss Steel,
445
00:29:11,488 --> 00:29:15,057
which had 40,000 employees
during the war.
446
00:29:15,101 --> 00:29:17,494
And Eichmann mentions
on the tapes.
447
00:29:21,934 --> 00:29:23,283
WILLEM
Was it Becher
448
00:29:23,220 --> 00:29:25,890
who led the negotiations
regarding the takeover
449
00:29:25,973 --> 00:29:28,934
- of the Manfred Weiss enterprise?
- Yes.
450
00:29:29,351 --> 00:29:33,272
Followed the negotiations
between Eichmann and Kasztner
451
00:29:33,355 --> 00:29:36,400
and reported to Himmler
about the progress?
452
00:29:38,080 --> 00:29:40,039
Years later, a possible reason
453
00:29:40,082 --> 00:29:43,782
for Kasztner's testimony
at Nuremberg is revealed.
454
00:29:43,825 --> 00:29:46,001
Declassified
documents confirm
455
00:29:46,045 --> 00:29:48,787
that the young State
of Israel used funds
456
00:29:48,830 --> 00:29:52,616
that Kurt Becher seized from
Jewish families during the war
457
00:29:52,660 --> 00:29:54,531
to obtain arms.
458
00:30:02,496 --> 00:30:04,541
Ben-Gurion feared
that at the Eichmann trial
459
00:30:04,585 --> 00:30:07,631
people would discover
what he had managed to hide.
460
00:30:07,675 --> 00:30:09,329
He somehow managed
to shift the blame
461
00:30:09,372 --> 00:30:11,592
against him
and the Zionist leadership
462
00:30:11,635 --> 00:30:14,247
for what they did or didn't
do, vis a vis the Nazis.
463
00:30:14,290 --> 00:30:17,076
He feared that everything
would be revealed with Eichmann
464
00:30:17,119 --> 00:30:19,252
and he didn't want
the Sassen interview.
465
00:30:19,295 --> 00:30:21,950
Ben-Gurion is scarred
from the Kasztner affair.
466
00:30:24,605 --> 00:30:27,608
The Israeli leadership learns
from the "Life" article
467
00:30:27,651 --> 00:30:29,175
that Kasztner helps Eichmann
468
00:30:29,218 --> 00:30:30,654
to keep the Hungarian Jews
469
00:30:30,698 --> 00:30:32,743
from resisting deportation
470
00:30:32,787 --> 00:30:35,137
in exchange for allowing
a few hundred Jews
471
00:30:35,181 --> 00:30:37,531
train passage to Switzerland.
472
00:30:37,574 --> 00:30:40,360
And they fear
what else might be revealed.
473
00:30:44,581 --> 00:30:46,583
Hausner's request that the
transcripts of the Sassen
474
00:30:46,627 --> 00:30:49,586
Sassen interviews
be admitted into evidence
475
00:30:49,630 --> 00:30:51,980
once again
creates a sense of concern
476
00:30:52,024 --> 00:30:55,854
on the part
of the Israeli government.
477
00:30:55,897 --> 00:30:59,161
But Eichmann's lawyer, Servatius,
objects to their admittance
478
00:30:59,205 --> 00:31:02,034
based on the fact
that there is no way to prove
479
00:31:02,077 --> 00:31:05,472
that the transcripts
are Eichmann's actual words.
480
00:31:07,300 --> 00:31:11,608
JUDGE MOSHE
We decide by a majority of opinions
481
00:31:09,285 --> 00:31:13,956
to accept as evidence
from the Sassen document
482
00:31:14,456 --> 00:31:20,588
only things that were written
in the defendant's handwriting.
483
00:31:21,672 --> 00:31:27,386
In this ruling, we dismiss the
Attorney General's petition.
484
00:31:29,278 --> 00:31:31,541
The judges decide to disqualify
485
00:31:31,585 --> 00:31:34,936
the 700 pages
of the Sassen transcripts,
486
00:31:34,980 --> 00:31:37,330
but makes an exception
for a few pages
487
00:31:37,373 --> 00:31:40,072
where Eichmann's notes
are clearly visible.
488
00:31:41,900 --> 00:31:45,642
There was no way that
Hausner could actually verify
489
00:31:45,991 --> 00:31:49,342
the truthfulness
of the transcripts themselves.
490
00:31:49,385 --> 00:31:51,561
Now, he did not have
the audiotapes.
491
00:31:52,954 --> 00:31:56,305
Here my explanation begins to be
within the realm of conspiracy.
492
00:31:56,349 --> 00:31:58,525
Because if this document
is given life,
493
00:31:58,568 --> 00:32:01,180
it proves the accusations
against Kasztner.
494
00:32:01,223 --> 00:32:03,138
It proves the allegations
against Kasztner.
495
00:32:03,182 --> 00:32:04,792
It proves the allegations
496
00:32:04,835 --> 00:32:07,099
against the Zionist movement
in Hungary,
497
00:32:07,142 --> 00:32:09,971
which is affiliated to the ruling
party of the Israeli government.
498
00:32:10,015 --> 00:32:13,018
The Mossad hides many things about
the Eichmann affair to this day
499
00:32:13,061 --> 00:32:16,499
and the Secret Service hides
details about the Kasztner affair,
500
00:32:16,543 --> 00:32:17,979
because if these things
are discovered
501
00:32:18,023 --> 00:32:20,808
even today,
they will cause a storm.
502
00:32:20,851 --> 00:32:22,679
The fuse hasn't yet been
neutralized.
503
00:32:25,160 --> 00:32:28,163
Much surrounding Kasztner's
death remains a mystery.
504
00:32:28,207 --> 00:32:29,904
Three men with ties
to a right-wing
505
00:32:29,948 --> 00:32:31,514
underground movement
were arrested.
506
00:32:32,994 --> 00:32:34,778
They claimed
they acted alone.
507
00:32:34,822 --> 00:32:36,519
Convicted of murder,
508
00:32:36,563 --> 00:32:37,956
they were sentenced
to life in prison.
509
00:32:39,870 --> 00:32:43,178
But in 1963, just a year
after the Eichmann trial,
510
00:32:43,222 --> 00:32:45,833
they were all mysteriously
granted a full pardon
511
00:32:45,876 --> 00:32:47,748
and released from prison.
512
00:32:54,015 --> 00:32:56,583
While the tapes are never
heard during the trial,
513
00:32:56,626 --> 00:32:59,020
Eichmann clearly says
that Kasztner confronted him
514
00:32:59,064 --> 00:33:01,327
regarding the fate
of his fellow Jews.
515
00:33:02,197 --> 00:33:05,722
ADOLF
I set up the Central Department
for Jewish Emigration.
516
00:33:06,777 --> 00:33:08,737
I couldn't fool these people,
517
00:33:08,821 --> 00:33:11,615
I couldn't tell them,
"Guys, I don't know anything. "
518
00:33:11,699 --> 00:33:13,909
Or Kasztner, who told me
519
00:33:13,992 --> 00:33:16,370
I should stop the annihilation machine.
520
00:33:16,829 --> 00:33:19,331
He was so outrageous,
he asked me directly
521
00:33:19,415 --> 00:33:22,042
what was happening to the Jews, etc…
522
00:33:22,292 --> 00:33:25,504
I can't say to him,
"I don't know anything. "
523
00:33:28,049 --> 00:33:30,269
BETTINA Eichmann was
so proud of himself.
524
00:33:30,312 --> 00:33:33,924
He was able to manipulate
Kasztner and take advantage of him
525
00:33:35,143 --> 00:33:38,277
so that Kasztner could not
get a true picture of reality.
526
00:33:42,107 --> 00:33:44,500
I believe that from
this part of the tapes,
527
00:33:44,544 --> 00:33:47,895
the tough situation Kasztner
was in becomes much clearer
528
00:33:47,938 --> 00:33:49,940
and appears
in a different light.
529
00:33:49,984 --> 00:33:53,988
You get a much fairer
perspective of it.
530
00:33:54,032 --> 00:33:56,338
The disqualification
of the Sassen transcripts
531
00:33:56,382 --> 00:33:58,993
is a victory for the defense
532
00:33:59,037 --> 00:34:01,822
and a major blow to Attorney General
Hausner's case against Eichmann.
533
00:34:04,477 --> 00:34:08,785
Since Eichmann denied
that those were his words,
534
00:34:08,829 --> 00:34:12,702
even though his handwriting
was on certain pages,
535
00:34:12,746 --> 00:34:14,617
you had to have the tapes.
536
00:34:16,141 --> 00:34:18,839
Naturally, Gideon Hausner
would have given anything
537
00:34:18,882 --> 00:34:21,581
to be able to play the
Eichmann recordings in court.
538
00:34:25,541 --> 00:34:27,717
And there was a rumor
539
00:34:27,761 --> 00:34:30,416
that the trial took so long,
because he always hoped for it.
540
00:34:35,247 --> 00:34:38,815
Unable to locate the tapes or use
the majority of the transcripts
541
00:34:38,859 --> 00:34:40,730
to prove Eichmann's guilt,
542
00:34:40,774 --> 00:34:43,646
Hausner summons the
survivors of the Holocaust
543
00:34:43,690 --> 00:34:47,041
to confront Eichmann with the
horrors his crimes inflicted.
544
00:34:48,670 --> 00:34:51,340
I call on Avraham Aviel.
545
00:34:51,872 --> 00:34:53,743
Avraham Aviel.
Avraham Aviel.
546
00:34:56,833 --> 00:34:59,140
DEBORAH Today when you
speak about survivors:
547
00:34:59,184 --> 00:35:02,404
"Our honored survivors,"
"our treasured survivors,"
548
00:35:02,448 --> 00:35:06,539
but then there was even
a feeling, common enough,
549
00:35:06,582 --> 00:35:10,891
that we know you must have
stepped on someone to survive.
550
00:35:13,028 --> 00:35:15,405
Put the kippah on your head,
551
00:35:15,781 --> 00:35:17,241
your right hand on the Bible,
552
00:35:17,324 --> 00:35:20,536
say: I swear to God
553
00:35:20,619 --> 00:35:24,414
that my testimony in this trial
554
00:35:24,498 --> 00:35:29,711
will be the truth,
the whole truth and only the truth.
555
00:35:30,003 --> 00:35:34,925
It was no pleasure
saying that I came from the Holocaust.
556
00:35:35,759 --> 00:35:38,011
Because there were bad opinions too,
557
00:35:39,096 --> 00:35:43,141
that the Holocaust survivors
are not decent people,
558
00:35:43,225 --> 00:35:45,185
they endured such trials and tribulations,
559
00:35:45,686 --> 00:35:47,271
they're not decent people,
560
00:35:47,688 --> 00:35:48,772
so they hid it.
561
00:35:48,856 --> 00:35:54,027
Tell us what happened
on May 7, 1942.
562
00:35:55,028 --> 00:35:56,989
- They came from Lida…
- Who?
563
00:35:57,072 --> 00:35:58,407
The Germans came,
564
00:35:59,116 --> 00:36:01,493
in battle uniform,
565
00:36:01,910 --> 00:36:04,371
armed with automatic weapons.
566
00:36:04,663 --> 00:36:06,039
My mother…
567
00:36:08,125 --> 00:36:10,377
said, "Children…
568
00:36:13,255 --> 00:36:15,299
say a prayer.
569
00:36:16,133 --> 00:36:17,843
We will die as Jews. "
570
00:36:20,929 --> 00:36:25,183
I didn't want to cry,
I wanted them to hear the testimony.
571
00:36:26,977 --> 00:36:30,564
I took a breath to continue the testimony,
572
00:36:30,814 --> 00:36:32,900
I took a second…
573
00:36:33,650 --> 00:36:36,278
Gunfire rang out
574
00:36:37,321 --> 00:36:39,698
and they fell into the pit.
575
00:36:49,555 --> 00:36:51,209
The author Yehiel De-Nur,
576
00:36:51,252 --> 00:36:53,428
known by his pen name
Ka-Tsetnik,
577
00:36:53,472 --> 00:36:55,952
writes books influenced
by his time as a prisoner
578
00:36:55,996 --> 00:36:57,563
in the Auschwitz death camp.
579
00:36:58,346 --> 00:37:01,262
He told me that he did
not want to testify.
580
00:37:01,306 --> 00:37:04,352
He was not sleeping,
he couldn't eat.
581
00:37:04,396 --> 00:37:08,617
And Hausner put
such a heavy pressure on him
582
00:37:08,661 --> 00:37:10,793
that his resistance broke.
583
00:37:10,479 --> 00:37:16,526
What is the reason you use the literary
name Ka-Tsetnik, Mr. De-Nur?
584
00:37:17,844 --> 00:37:20,150
He took his
pen name, Ka-Tsetnik,
585
00:37:20,194 --> 00:37:23,371
from the initials for the German
word for "concentration camp"
586
00:37:23,415 --> 00:37:25,112
and the number
that was tattooed
587
00:37:25,155 --> 00:37:27,593
on each prisoner's arm
by the Nazis.
588
00:37:29,164 --> 00:37:31,959
Their name was
589
00:37:33,919 --> 00:37:37,464
the number Ka-Tsetnik.
590
00:37:38,548 --> 00:37:40,550
I see them…
591
00:37:41,510 --> 00:37:43,929
they are looking at me…
592
00:37:45,097 --> 00:37:47,683
- I see them…
- Please sit, Mr…
593
00:37:48,183 --> 00:37:49,726
I remember…
594
00:37:51,436 --> 00:37:55,524
- No, Mr. De-Nur, listen to the prosecutor.
- Then…
595
00:37:55,899 --> 00:37:59,403
Just a minute, listen to me,
no, Mr. De-Nur.
596
00:38:03,657 --> 00:38:05,075
Quiet, quiet, quiet!
597
00:38:05,239 --> 00:38:08,024
HANNA In retrospect, Hausner was right.
598
00:38:08,068 --> 00:38:09,809
In the collective memory,
599
00:38:09,852 --> 00:38:13,203
the one testimony
that was imprinted forcefully
600
00:38:13,813 --> 00:38:16,772
was that testimony
of Ka-Tsetnik.
601
00:38:18,165 --> 00:38:22,125
ZVI
Yechiel De-Nur, Ka-Tsetnik,
fell unconscious.
602
00:38:22,634 --> 00:38:25,095
The audience in the courtroom
stood up in astonishment
603
00:38:25,429 --> 00:38:27,556
and cleared a path
for the stretcher bearers
604
00:38:27,973 --> 00:38:30,475
on which the witness lay
and was taken to the hospital.
605
00:38:31,977 --> 00:38:37,107
My role was then the news coordinator
of the Voice of Israel.
606
00:38:37,899 --> 00:38:42,571
Ka-Tsetnik's testimony was, in my opinion
the most dramatic
607
00:38:43,572 --> 00:38:47,492
of the witness testimonies.
608
00:38:47,784 --> 00:38:50,620
Not only as a result
of the Eichmann trial did
609
00:38:50,704 --> 00:38:54,499
more people become familiar
with the Holocaust,
610
00:38:54,750 --> 00:38:59,463
they became familiar with the Holocaust
of every single survivor,
611
00:38:59,546 --> 00:39:02,716
every survivor had a Holocaust
of their own,
612
00:39:02,799 --> 00:39:04,217
I had my own Holocaust.
613
00:39:04,301 --> 00:39:08,597
People learned about that
from the testimonies.
614
00:39:09,806 --> 00:39:13,685
It was possible to rely only on documents
615
00:39:14,394 --> 00:39:15,437
but…
616
00:39:16,688 --> 00:39:20,609
this would not have become
the Holocaust trial.
617
00:39:22,142 --> 00:39:23,883
Miki Goldman serves
618
00:39:23,926 --> 00:39:26,146
as Hausner's assistant
during the trial.
619
00:39:26,189 --> 00:39:29,367
One survivor's testimony
will stick with him forever.
620
00:39:30,118 --> 00:39:37,125
He hit one boy 80 times
621
00:39:37,209 --> 00:39:39,377
with a stick.
622
00:39:39,461 --> 00:39:43,965
Do you see in court
the boy that was hit 80 times?
623
00:39:47,260 --> 00:39:50,263
Everyone started to look to all around
624
00:39:50,347 --> 00:39:52,224
to see where the boy was sitting.
625
00:39:52,641 --> 00:39:55,227
It's the officer sitting
next to Mr. Hausner.
626
00:40:00,732 --> 00:40:03,568
I was unable to move.
627
00:40:03,860 --> 00:40:07,364
It's a story I'm not eager to tell.
628
00:40:07,739 --> 00:40:12,577
Once I told it to a man and his wife
629
00:40:13,662 --> 00:40:19,501
and he said to her:
these people suffered so much
630
00:40:20,627 --> 00:40:27,551
that at times
they mix truth with fantasy.
631
00:40:27,634 --> 00:40:29,386
Then and there I decided
632
00:40:29,469 --> 00:40:33,140
that no one
would hear that story from me anymore.
633
00:40:33,682 --> 00:40:37,018
It was the 81st blow that I received.
634
00:40:41,047 --> 00:40:45,399
DEBORAH I think there was a
tendency, certainly amongst Israelis,
635
00:40:45,878 --> 00:40:49,925
to see survivors
as the "Ghetto Jews. "
636
00:40:50,709 --> 00:40:54,190
They called them "Sabonim,"
the soaps,
637
00:40:54,234 --> 00:40:57,716
the people who were supposed
to be made into soap.
638
00:40:58,673 --> 00:41:00,980
So, in other words,
they're not like us.
639
00:41:01,023 --> 00:41:03,765
There was something
fatally flawed about them
640
00:41:03,809 --> 00:41:06,855
that they allowed this
to happen to them.
641
00:41:06,798 --> 00:41:11,303
We walked towards the pit.
I turned my head.
642
00:41:11,386 --> 00:41:15,724
He asked me who to shoot first.
643
00:41:17,267 --> 00:41:19,811
I did not answer anything.
644
00:41:19,895 --> 00:41:23,106
I felt my daughter being
torn away from me.
645
00:41:23,481 --> 00:41:27,944
I heard her last cry and how she was shot.
646
00:41:31,010 --> 00:41:33,969
GIDEON These people,
these tongue-tied people,
647
00:41:34,013 --> 00:41:36,450
they'll never be again
the same as they were before
648
00:41:36,494 --> 00:41:41,411
Hitler came there and before
the roof caved in on them.
649
00:41:41,934 --> 00:41:44,284
Uh, there is something
traumatic
650
00:41:44,327 --> 00:41:47,287
in their make-up which
will never be good again.
651
00:41:48,027 --> 00:41:51,552
AMOS
My father wanted there to be
a trial of testimonies,
652
00:41:51,509 --> 00:41:54,095
look what a visionary he was.
653
00:41:54,179 --> 00:41:56,306
We have hardly any survivors.
654
00:41:58,850 --> 00:42:01,144
- Is that it? Can we get started?
- Please.
655
00:42:01,228 --> 00:42:02,812
Can this light…?
656
00:42:03,396 --> 00:42:04,564
Yes, that's it.
657
00:42:06,132 --> 00:42:09,091
At the conclusion
of the witnesses' testimony,
658
00:42:09,135 --> 00:42:10,789
Hausner confronts Eichmann
659
00:42:10,832 --> 00:42:12,617
with irrefutable evidence
660
00:42:12,660 --> 00:42:15,533
of the atrocities committed
by the Nazis.
661
00:42:23,453 --> 00:42:26,544
All the lights were off
in the courtroom
662
00:42:27,632 --> 00:42:30,591
and documentary pictures
or news pictures
663
00:42:30,635 --> 00:42:32,898
were being projected
on the wall.
664
00:42:33,986 --> 00:42:38,817
Bodies being bulldozed
into a death pit.
665
00:42:39,121 --> 00:42:40,253
Awful!
666
00:42:43,735 --> 00:42:45,824
But we had one camera
on Eichmann
667
00:42:47,086 --> 00:42:49,784
and it looked
as if he was laughing.
668
00:42:56,356 --> 00:42:59,925
This was the first time
you could see who's Eichmann,
669
00:42:59,968 --> 00:43:01,230
what he felt like.
670
00:43:06,105 --> 00:43:09,804
ADOLF
I had recurring encounters with the dead
671
00:43:09,921 --> 00:43:12,340
and I always had the same feeling.
672
00:43:12,757 --> 00:43:16,261
I still remember seeing the ones that were
burnt, I told you already,
673
00:43:16,511 --> 00:43:20,140
my knees shook.
674
00:43:22,142 --> 00:43:23,393
Do you know what I said?
675
00:43:24,644 --> 00:43:25,770
You will laugh.
676
00:43:26,438 --> 00:43:29,607
"I believe in God, the Father almighty,
the Holy Spirit, born of the Virgin Mary,
677
00:43:29,691 --> 00:43:32,652
died under Pontius Pilate,"
and so on and so on
678
00:43:32,902 --> 00:43:36,281
"resurrected from the dead…" and so on,
679
00:43:37,157 --> 00:43:39,784
to stop my knees from shaking.
680
00:43:40,035 --> 00:43:42,746
Otherwise, I would have felt embarrassed.
681
00:43:43,913 --> 00:43:46,499
As a Obersturmbannführer
Colonel in uniform,
682
00:43:46,583 --> 00:43:49,210
wearing a thick leather coat,
683
00:43:49,294 --> 00:43:53,173
with ranks on my shoulders, saying,
"I feel nauseous. "
684
00:44:05,512 --> 00:44:07,340
Finally, Gideon Hausner
685
00:44:07,383 --> 00:44:10,473
provides one last crucial
piece of evidence.
686
00:44:10,517 --> 00:44:12,650
Towards the end of the war,
687
00:44:12,693 --> 00:44:15,217
Eichmann commits perhaps
his most devilish crime,
688
00:44:15,261 --> 00:44:19,395
as it becomes clear that
Germany is going to lose the war.
689
00:44:19,439 --> 00:44:21,702
REPORTER
It is certainly great news
690
00:44:21,746 --> 00:44:23,486
when we heard that the 7th
British armored division,
691
00:44:23,530 --> 00:44:25,097
the "Desert Rats"
is in action in France
692
00:44:25,140 --> 00:44:27,665
and the Germans
don't like it.
693
00:44:27,708 --> 00:44:29,667
They know to their cost what it
is to come in contact with them.
694
00:44:30,755 --> 00:44:35,673
There was a vision among some
leading Nazis, Himmler among them,
695
00:44:35,716 --> 00:44:39,546
that there would emerge some kind
of Nazi Germany without Hitler.
696
00:44:39,589 --> 00:44:41,548
And there came
697
00:44:41,591 --> 00:44:44,943
the order from Himmler
698
00:44:44,986 --> 00:44:46,945
to stop the deportations.
699
00:44:48,686 --> 00:44:51,732
And still, there was this one
transport
700
00:44:51,776 --> 00:44:56,345
that Eichmann sent against
Himmler's order to Auschwitz.
701
00:44:59,218 --> 00:45:01,046
He could say
whatever he wanted,
702
00:45:01,089 --> 00:45:06,007
being a small wheel
in a big engine
703
00:45:06,051 --> 00:45:07,705
and obeying orders.
704
00:45:07,748 --> 00:45:11,186
At this point,
he went against orders
705
00:45:11,230 --> 00:45:15,103
and he killed 2,000 people.
706
00:45:18,541 --> 00:45:21,196
His insane fanaticism
in Hungary,
707
00:45:21,240 --> 00:45:24,504
where he even went behind the
back of his great superior,
708
00:45:24,547 --> 00:45:26,201
Heinrich Himmler.
709
00:45:26,245 --> 00:45:29,161
He made moves
he was not allowed to do
710
00:45:29,204 --> 00:45:32,817
just to finally accomplish
one achievement
711
00:45:32,860 --> 00:45:35,297
written on his own name,
Adolf Eichmann.
712
00:45:42,391 --> 00:45:46,787
Without the tapes, the
biggest challenge Hausner faced
713
00:45:46,831 --> 00:45:50,748
was to break Eichmann
during the cross-examination,
714
00:45:50,791 --> 00:45:54,534
to admit that
he was a key person
715
00:45:54,577 --> 00:45:57,798
in the execution
of the "Final Solution. "
716
00:45:58,799 --> 00:45:59,974
Hausner failed.
717
00:46:00,018 --> 00:46:02,150
Eichmann did not break
718
00:46:02,847 --> 00:46:04,979
through the cross-examination.
719
00:46:07,515 --> 00:46:11,102
I'm showing you a section
from the Sassen document
720
00:46:11,561 --> 00:46:16,065
that has many corrections
in your handwriting.
721
00:46:16,774 --> 00:46:23,448
Look at the segment in parentheses
in red pencil.
722
00:46:23,698 --> 00:46:25,200
Page 282.
723
00:46:29,287 --> 00:46:31,122
You said the following,
724
00:46:31,789 --> 00:46:34,375
"And now, in conclusion,
I must tell you,
725
00:46:35,543 --> 00:46:38,588
I regret nothing.
726
00:46:38,922 --> 00:46:41,466
I am unwilling to regret.
727
00:46:41,799 --> 00:46:44,093
I must tell you honestly,
728
00:46:44,177 --> 00:46:47,805
had we put 10 million Jews to death,
729
00:46:48,056 --> 00:46:49,849
then I would say with satisfaction,
730
00:46:50,350 --> 00:46:54,771
'good, we have exterminated an enemy'."
731
00:46:55,647 --> 00:46:56,606
That's what you said.
732
00:46:56,689 --> 00:46:58,650
No, I didn't say that.
733
00:46:59,484 --> 00:47:01,528
I definitely didn't say that.
734
00:47:04,656 --> 00:47:08,576
…and now I want to tell you…
to conclude…
735
00:47:10,245 --> 00:47:12,121
all these recordings:
736
00:47:13,540 --> 00:47:16,000
I regret nothing.
737
00:47:17,460 --> 00:47:20,380
Every fiber of my being resists
738
00:47:22,840 --> 00:47:24,259
to say that…
739
00:47:25,426 --> 00:47:30,598
we did something wrong.
No.
740
00:47:33,643 --> 00:47:36,437
I must tell you honestly,
741
00:47:37,772 --> 00:47:42,402
had we killed 10.3 million Jews,
742
00:47:44,070 --> 00:47:47,949
then, I would be satisfied.
743
00:47:48,950 --> 00:47:50,994
And would say,
744
00:47:51,411 --> 00:47:56,207
good… we have exterminated an enemy.
745
00:47:59,627 --> 00:48:03,089
Then we would have fulfilled our task.
746
00:48:04,257 --> 00:48:06,593
But since it is not the case….
747
00:48:09,178 --> 00:48:13,099
I still have some brief questions here…
748
00:48:14,225 --> 00:48:17,478
It's harsh what I am telling you,
I know it…
749
00:48:17,562 --> 00:48:19,814
and I will be judged.
750
00:48:20,565 --> 00:48:25,153
If I'm… so harsh in my wording.
751
00:48:25,236 --> 00:48:30,658
But I can't tell you anything other than…
That's the truth.
752
00:48:31,367 --> 00:48:33,244
Why should I deny it?
753
00:48:34,787 --> 00:48:36,331
Right?
754
00:48:39,876 --> 00:48:41,753
No, I didn't say that.
755
00:48:42,503 --> 00:48:44,547
I definitely didn't say that.
756
00:48:45,882 --> 00:48:49,010
This has been patched together out of…
757
00:48:49,093 --> 00:48:51,596
It's a combination
of imagination and truth.
758
00:48:51,929 --> 00:48:53,306
That is not my question.
759
00:48:53,389 --> 00:48:57,602
The question is
if the transcript is right?
760
00:48:57,685 --> 00:49:03,524
I can't give a detailed
and precise answer to that,
761
00:49:03,608 --> 00:49:06,361
because I was under
the influence of alcohol
762
00:49:06,444 --> 00:49:09,947
and I don't know if I was under the
influence of alcohol in this moment.
763
00:49:10,031 --> 00:49:13,201
Under the influence of alcohol or not,
764
00:49:13,284 --> 00:49:15,912
did you say those things or not?
765
00:49:16,245 --> 00:49:17,872
I don't remember.
766
00:49:17,955 --> 00:49:21,668
If you want to continue
making a fool of yourself, go ahead.
767
00:49:21,751 --> 00:49:22,835
Excuse me?
768
00:49:23,586 --> 00:49:26,839
If you want to keep making a fool
of yourself, then go ahead.
769
00:49:26,923 --> 00:49:33,137
I don't want to make a fool of myself,
I'm just saying that I don't know
770
00:49:33,221 --> 00:49:35,598
and I have only one thing…
771
00:49:35,932 --> 00:49:40,353
I officially ask to have the recordings.
772
00:49:42,066 --> 00:49:43,676
Hausner later
wrote in his book,
773
00:49:43,719 --> 00:49:45,547
Justice In Jerusalem,
774
00:49:45,591 --> 00:49:47,245
"I wanted to get
the Sassen tapes
775
00:49:47,288 --> 00:49:48,637
to bring Eichmann's defense
776
00:49:48,681 --> 00:49:51,640
to a complete standstill.
777
00:49:51,684 --> 00:49:55,122
Then he could hardly have been
able to deny his own voice. "
778
00:49:55,166 --> 00:49:57,168
Hausner also mentions
in the book
779
00:49:57,211 --> 00:49:59,300
that an anonymous source
780
00:49:59,344 --> 00:50:01,346
offered him the opportunity
to purchase the recordings,
781
00:50:01,389 --> 00:50:04,305
with one condition:
782
00:50:04,349 --> 00:50:07,874
that he could not play them in
the courtroom during the trial.
783
00:50:07,917 --> 00:50:10,877
Hausner refuses,
and the Sassen recordings
784
00:50:10,920 --> 00:50:13,706
are never played
at the Eichmann trial.
785
00:50:18,537 --> 00:50:21,061
Why those tapes didn't appear
786
00:50:21,105 --> 00:50:23,977
and make it possible
to introduce as a confession
787
00:50:24,499 --> 00:50:29,200
Eichmann's own words? Why
didn't they appear at the trial?
788
00:50:29,243 --> 00:50:32,986
The answer to that question
has great moral consequences.
789
00:50:33,030 --> 00:50:35,684
If there is one thing
that is very clear today,
790
00:50:36,337 --> 00:50:38,339
it's that the abduction
of Eichmann
791
00:50:38,905 --> 00:50:43,344
hit the most sensitive part
in the semi-secret relations
792
00:50:43,388 --> 00:50:45,303
between Israel and Germany,
793
00:50:45,346 --> 00:50:48,741
or, if you like, between
Ben-Gurion and Adenauer.
794
00:50:50,438 --> 00:50:52,484
Adenauer had a meeting
795
00:50:52,527 --> 00:50:54,529
with the director of the
Israel Mission in Germany.
796
00:50:57,619 --> 00:50:59,882
And he said something
scandalous:
797
00:50:59,926 --> 00:51:02,581
If Israel agrees
that we stop these trials
798
00:51:02,624 --> 00:51:05,888
and don't start chasing after
Nazis all over the world,
799
00:51:06,585 --> 00:51:09,196
I will promote
the diplomatic relations.
800
00:51:16,943 --> 00:51:21,252
We got the tapes
in 1999
801
00:51:21,295 --> 00:51:24,777
from a newspaper
in Switzerland.
802
00:51:25,256 --> 00:51:28,128
We knew that this newspaper
803
00:51:28,172 --> 00:51:31,436
bought these tapes
from the family of Eichmann.
804
00:51:32,219 --> 00:51:34,700
Can you tell us
who is the owner of the tapes?
805
00:51:35,092 --> 00:51:39,748
We have signed that we
won't tell who the owner is.
806
00:51:42,186 --> 00:51:46,015
Sassen always knew the value
of the Eichmann recordings.
807
00:51:46,059 --> 00:51:47,713
Just before his death,
808
00:51:47,756 --> 00:51:50,194
he gives the tapes
to the Eichmann family,
809
00:51:50,237 --> 00:51:52,631
likely in an attempt to,
in some way,
810
00:51:52,674 --> 00:51:56,722
make up for his betraying
his fellow Nazi comrade.
811
00:51:56,765 --> 00:51:58,811
Around the same time,
812
00:51:58,854 --> 00:52:01,727
Sassen is secretly filmed
by an Argentinian filmmaker
813
00:52:01,770 --> 00:52:04,121
and asked about his sessions
with Eichmann.
814
00:52:04,860 --> 00:52:07,646
MAN
And he came to you
to write his memories?
815
00:52:07,583 --> 00:52:08,960
Yes.
816
00:52:09,210 --> 00:52:13,798
We can give this book a title:
"Accountant of Death"
817
00:52:15,633 --> 00:52:20,429
And…
"Accountant of Death. "
818
00:52:20,888 --> 00:52:24,058
Yes, you have not killed anyone.
I know.
819
00:52:25,059 --> 00:52:26,769
You have been an accountant.
820
00:52:27,937 --> 00:52:32,608
And…
That was something, those sessions…
821
00:52:36,237 --> 00:52:40,116
Now, are we finally done
with this recording?
822
00:52:40,449 --> 00:52:44,745
No, actually not,
I have a few more pages of questions,
823
00:52:45,413 --> 00:52:48,416
but we can do this quickly.
824
00:52:48,916 --> 00:52:50,877
We're not done with the book?
825
00:52:50,960 --> 00:52:57,592
That's why I just
gave my little concluding talk.
826
00:52:58,801 --> 00:53:00,177
That hardly matters.
827
00:53:00,928 --> 00:53:03,347
But what do you say about these things,
828
00:53:03,431 --> 00:53:05,766
which so spontaneously
came from my heart?
829
00:53:05,850 --> 00:53:09,520
- What do you say, Comrade Sassen?
- I'm quite intrigued.
830
00:53:09,604 --> 00:53:10,646
Intrigued?
831
00:53:10,938 --> 00:53:12,356
Yes, very important.
832
00:53:13,581 --> 00:53:15,453
TIMOTHY
We are very fortunate
833
00:53:15,496 --> 00:53:18,630
that due to Sassen's delusions
834
00:53:18,673 --> 00:53:21,415
and Eichmann's vanity,
835
00:53:21,459 --> 00:53:23,939
we have an incontrovertible
confession
836
00:53:24,940 --> 00:53:27,508
from the architect
of the Holocaust.
837
00:53:27,552 --> 00:53:30,207
So the tapes...
the legacy of the tapes,
838
00:53:31,164 --> 00:53:33,253
it's hopeful,
839
00:53:33,297 --> 00:53:37,779
which means that there's hope
that big lies can be exploded.
840
00:53:38,302 --> 00:53:41,827
Perpetrators of such crimes
841
00:53:41,870 --> 00:53:44,090
should never feel comfortable
842
00:53:45,178 --> 00:53:46,875
that they can get away
with them.
843
00:53:46,919 --> 00:53:49,182
They might have been sure
in 1959,
844
00:53:50,227 --> 00:53:53,317
but after 1960,
845
00:53:54,143 --> 00:53:58,191
they could never quite sleep as
soundly and that was a good thing.
846
00:54:04,784 --> 00:54:09,497
This court sentences
Adolf Eichmann to death.
847
00:54:33,574 --> 00:54:35,533
GABRIEL
That man, Eichmann, whose sole purpose
was to destroy the Jewish people,
848
00:54:39,944 --> 00:54:43,280
had to stand trial in an Israeli court
849
00:54:43,656 --> 00:54:50,246
with the symbol of the State of Israel
on the wall behind the judges,
850
00:54:50,496 --> 00:54:53,833
for me, that is an unforgettable moment.
851
00:54:54,917 --> 00:54:59,505
It's something that provided us
with extraordinary satisfaction.
852
00:55:01,674 --> 00:55:03,759
It was six months after the liberation.
853
00:55:04,135 --> 00:55:06,303
You see this shirt?
854
00:55:06,595 --> 00:55:10,641
A Jewish U.S. Army officer
who liberated us said,
855
00:55:10,725 --> 00:55:13,477
"Come, boy, the war is over for you,
856
00:55:13,561 --> 00:55:15,229
come, let me dress you nicely. "
857
00:55:15,730 --> 00:55:19,900
This is the shirt.
I've kept it with me until this day.
858
00:55:23,237 --> 00:55:26,741
"I shall not die, but live,
and declare the works of the Lord,
859
00:55:26,824 --> 00:55:30,745
the Lord hath chastened me sore;
but He hath not given me over unto death. "
860
00:55:31,120 --> 00:55:34,290
And you will be able to tell
future generations
861
00:55:34,373 --> 00:55:37,460
that you heard about Auschwitz firsthand.
862
00:55:39,003 --> 00:55:45,843
The fact that the Jewish people arose
and are able to judge their murderers,
863
00:55:45,926 --> 00:55:52,558
we are a nation that cannot be
trampled on.
864
00:55:58,006 --> 00:56:00,182
MICHAEL
The first time I visited Auschwitz,
865
00:56:04,653 --> 00:56:10,034
in the same barracks
I had been in Birkenau then,
866
00:56:10,117 --> 00:56:11,744
I put on Tefillin and prayed.
867
00:56:15,164 --> 00:56:16,707
I put on Tefillin and prayed.
868
00:56:26,050 --> 00:56:32,056
The human revenge is five children,
869
00:56:32,139 --> 00:56:38,020
12 grandchildren, two great-grandchildren,
a wonderful wife.
870
00:56:39,230 --> 00:56:42,525
That's my personal revenge,
but there is no revenge,
871
00:56:44,026 --> 00:56:45,444
it is consolation.
872
00:56:50,189 --> 00:56:52,147
TAMI
He didn't leave the Holocaust
873
00:56:52,076 --> 00:56:56,038
and the Holocaust didn't leave him,
not for a single day.
874
00:56:57,123 --> 00:57:03,546
And I think that…
it wouldn't be farfetched to say
875
00:57:03,629 --> 00:57:07,550
that it also brought him
closer to his end,
876
00:57:08,926 --> 00:57:12,930
because his soul was scorched
opposite that glass booth.
877
00:57:13,764 --> 00:57:17,601
He really turned into a different person.
65572
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