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Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:15,667 --> 00:00:19,106 ADOLF EICHMANN I didn't care about the Jews that I deported to Auschwitz. 2 00:00:19,687 --> 00:00:23,190 I didn't even care if they were alive or already dead. 3 00:00:24,066 --> 00:00:27,069 Jews unfit to work 4 00:00:27,153 --> 00:00:30,072 are to be submitted to the Final Solution. Period. 5 00:00:30,943 --> 00:00:32,293 Previously on 6 00:00:32,336 --> 00:00:36,340 The Devil's Confession: The Lost Eichmann Tapes... 7 00:00:36,384 --> 00:00:39,213 Adolf Eichmann evades capture by the Allies for 15 years, 8 00:00:39,256 --> 00:00:41,432 fleeing to Argentina. 9 00:00:43,478 --> 00:00:46,263 Following Eichmann's capture in 1960, 10 00:00:46,307 --> 00:00:50,702 Nazi journalist Willem Sassen takes advantage of the media frenzy 11 00:00:50,746 --> 00:00:54,706 and sells excerpts of the interviews toLife Magazine. 12 00:00:54,750 --> 00:00:57,318 The publication of the Life Magazineinterview 13 00:00:57,361 --> 00:01:00,756 I think was an astonishing moment. 14 00:01:00,799 --> 00:01:02,540 Almost worldwide sensation. 15 00:01:02,584 --> 00:01:05,021 MAN Where is it? 16 00:01:05,065 --> 00:01:07,893 This enrages Eichmann's family and supporters, 17 00:01:07,937 --> 00:01:10,113 who demand Sassen turn over the tapes. 18 00:01:10,157 --> 00:01:13,421 When the Eichmann story blows into the public, 19 00:01:13,464 --> 00:01:16,685 the Nazis who were still around in Argentina, 20 00:01:16,728 --> 00:01:19,383 they moved against my father, 21 00:01:19,427 --> 00:01:23,126 because my father betrayed, in their eyes. 22 00:01:23,170 --> 00:01:27,130 But fearing for his life, Sassen denies knowing their whereabouts. 23 00:01:30,438 --> 00:01:32,483 MAN All rise! 24 00:01:32,259 --> 00:01:33,844 Adolf Eichmann. 25 00:01:34,428 --> 00:01:38,098 The extended arm of Hitler's evil regime. 26 00:01:38,446 --> 00:01:41,884 Nazis have always denied their role in the Holocaust. 27 00:01:41,644 --> 00:01:45,689 It could not have been me, because it was not my decision in such cases. 28 00:01:48,020 --> 00:01:49,805 After the war, many fled Europe, 29 00:01:49,848 --> 00:01:52,764 including the architect of the Final Solution - 30 00:01:52,808 --> 00:01:54,288 Adolf Eichmann. 31 00:01:54,331 --> 00:01:55,724 He's practically the last 32 00:01:55,767 --> 00:01:57,160 important Nazi who arrived 33 00:01:57,204 --> 00:01:59,249 in Argentina after the war. 34 00:02:01,469 --> 00:02:03,297 While hiding in Argentina, 35 00:02:03,340 --> 00:02:05,299 Eichmann records a series of interviews 36 00:02:05,342 --> 00:02:07,388 with Nazi journalist Willem Sassen, 37 00:02:07,431 --> 00:02:09,781 admitting his role in the Holocaust. 38 00:02:09,825 --> 00:02:12,480 Sassen came up with this crazy idea 39 00:02:12,523 --> 00:02:15,091 that he would interview the mastermind of the Holocaust. 40 00:02:15,135 --> 00:02:19,443 This is him boasting about what he did. 41 00:02:19,487 --> 00:02:23,230 The tapes are rediscovered, and now for the first time, 42 00:02:23,273 --> 00:02:25,536 we'll hear Eichmann admitting his crimes, 43 00:02:25,580 --> 00:02:27,799 a true Nazi confession. 44 00:02:42,858 --> 00:02:44,903 With so many people seeking the tapes, 45 00:02:44,947 --> 00:02:47,471 Sassen knows he needs a safe hiding place 46 00:02:47,515 --> 00:02:50,866 and gives them to an old ally before fleeing to Paraguay. 47 00:02:53,216 --> 00:02:56,698 There was a former Luftwaffe officer 48 00:02:56,741 --> 00:02:59,004 who had also escaped to Argentina after the war. 49 00:02:59,048 --> 00:03:00,876 This man called Dieter Menge. 50 00:03:01,659 --> 00:03:03,705 And Menge made a lot of money. 51 00:03:03,748 --> 00:03:06,925 And Menge had a very large house outside Buenos Aires, 52 00:03:06,969 --> 00:03:09,189 a meeting place for Nazis. 53 00:03:09,232 --> 00:03:14,237 They actually had a flag post where they raised the Nazi flag, 54 00:03:14,281 --> 00:03:17,849 they saw Nazi movies, they toasted to the Fuührer. 55 00:03:19,721 --> 00:03:22,985 Maybe he made a deal with Sassen to sell the tapes to somebody 56 00:03:23,028 --> 00:03:25,509 and they split the money. 57 00:03:25,553 --> 00:03:30,253 You have to bear in mind, you know, these are Nazi adventurers, ex-SS men. 58 00:03:30,297 --> 00:03:35,084 These are people who had no problem with lying 59 00:03:35,127 --> 00:03:39,001 and they had no problem with lying to each other. 60 00:03:39,044 --> 00:03:41,525 Menge takes no risks and buries the tapes 61 00:03:41,569 --> 00:03:44,267 in his backyard outside of Buenos Aires. 62 00:03:46,095 --> 00:03:50,317 Eichmann's taped recollections were self incriminating. 63 00:03:50,969 --> 00:03:53,494 And if accepted at the trial, 64 00:03:53,537 --> 00:03:56,758 Eichmann admitted the charges against him. 65 00:03:56,801 --> 00:04:00,631 But Eichmann and Sassen aren't the only ones interested in the tapes. 66 00:04:03,155 --> 00:04:05,593 Israeli Attorney General Gideon Hausner, 67 00:04:05,636 --> 00:04:08,465 knows the tapes will prove, beyond a shadow of a doubt, 68 00:04:08,509 --> 00:04:12,208 that Eichmann's repeated claims that he was simply following orders 69 00:04:12,252 --> 00:04:14,210 are nothing more than lies. 70 00:04:17,474 --> 00:04:20,869 The governments of Israel, West Germany and the US 71 00:04:20,912 --> 00:04:24,133 also have a variety of interests that make the very existence 72 00:04:24,176 --> 00:04:25,961 of the tapes problematic. 73 00:04:31,358 --> 00:04:34,317 The BND, the West German foreign intelligence service, 74 00:04:34,361 --> 00:04:37,189 had great concern about what Eichmann 75 00:04:37,233 --> 00:04:40,454 had told Sassen and would tell the Israelis. 76 00:04:41,281 --> 00:04:44,501 It wasn't simply the trial of the century. 77 00:04:44,545 --> 00:04:46,808 It was the trial of the century 78 00:04:47,765 --> 00:04:49,898 at the height of the Cold War. 79 00:04:52,466 --> 00:04:55,599 With the whereabouts of the recordings still in question, 80 00:04:55,643 --> 00:04:59,037 Attorney General Hausner is forced to rely on the excerpts 81 00:04:59,081 --> 00:05:00,648 published inLife Magazine 82 00:05:00,691 --> 00:05:03,041 as evidence of Eichmann's guilt. 83 00:05:04,913 --> 00:05:07,350 If I were Hausner, I would have been pleased. 84 00:05:07,394 --> 00:05:11,789 Because it's showing the world who this man was. 85 00:05:11,833 --> 00:05:15,402 It's sort of tilling the soil before we plant. 86 00:05:16,191 --> 00:05:19,737 Regarding Life Magazine and its publication 87 00:05:19,820 --> 00:05:22,906 that we showed the defendant during the interrogation, 88 00:05:23,365 --> 00:05:27,327 he did not deny 89 00:05:27,411 --> 00:05:32,082 that this publication relied on material that came from him. 90 00:05:33,202 --> 00:05:35,596 LAWRENCE DOUGLAS You could say it simplifies 91 00:05:35,639 --> 00:05:38,120 some of the work of the prosecution 92 00:05:38,163 --> 00:05:42,167 in that it complicates any kind of defense that Eichmann is going to mount, 93 00:05:42,211 --> 00:05:46,607 because it sounds as if he is now acknowledging 94 00:05:46,650 --> 00:05:50,828 his participation in this genocide, 95 00:05:50,872 --> 00:05:55,267 and doing so without the remotest expression of regret. 96 00:06:00,486 --> 00:06:05,741 You were given the Life article for your review. 97 00:06:06,450 --> 00:06:11,413 You said, when you saw the Einsatzgruppen in action: 98 00:06:12,831 --> 00:06:15,667 "Our people will turn into sadists, 99 00:06:15,959 --> 00:06:20,714 we must find a different method of execution. " True? 100 00:06:24,843 --> 00:06:28,847 The last part, that we must find a different method for executions, 101 00:06:28,931 --> 00:06:32,059 this seems foreign to me. I'm hearing it for the first time. 102 00:06:32,935 --> 00:06:37,314 Well, you said that if extermination must be physical, 103 00:06:37,397 --> 00:06:39,900 let it be physical, but not by gunfire. 104 00:06:40,776 --> 00:06:44,071 To prevent a Jewish baby's brain 105 00:06:44,488 --> 00:06:48,492 from splattering on your leather coat as it did in Minsk. 106 00:06:50,244 --> 00:06:51,286 Right? 107 00:06:51,745 --> 00:06:55,833 No! This is a totally wrong interpretation of my words. 108 00:06:55,916 --> 00:06:58,293 I did not express them like this. 109 00:06:58,377 --> 00:07:03,799 The meaning was that you cannot go 110 00:07:03,882 --> 00:07:08,846 and kill people. I explained this clearly. 111 00:07:09,179 --> 00:07:12,558 In principle, it doesn't matter if you use gas or bullets. 112 00:07:15,043 --> 00:07:18,786 Eichmann lied to 2.5 million Jews into their own death 113 00:07:18,829 --> 00:07:20,918 and we seriously believe that we can tell 114 00:07:20,962 --> 00:07:23,094 whether he is telling the truth or not? 115 00:07:23,138 --> 00:07:24,139 Forget it. 116 00:07:27,781 --> 00:07:32,703 But you are stating here: "Now, as the Führer ordered a physical solution, 117 00:07:32,995 --> 00:07:38,876 it must be a physical solution. " Physical solution! 118 00:07:39,376 --> 00:07:43,630 - Did I sign that? I don't think so. - You didn't make any comment on that! 119 00:07:44,089 --> 00:07:48,177 Obviously, it must have slipped my sight. 120 00:07:48,260 --> 00:07:52,973 Otherwise, I would have certainly corrected it. 121 00:07:59,957 --> 00:08:02,960 BETTINA STANGNETH Eichmann is used to being in such a situation. 122 00:08:03,004 --> 00:08:06,660 He is fighting a war on several fronts. 123 00:08:06,703 --> 00:08:09,619 He has the judges, the prosecution, the audience, 124 00:08:11,839 --> 00:08:14,276 and he needs to figure out his role. 125 00:08:14,798 --> 00:08:19,499 Of course he chose the role that he had already performed for Sassen, but in reverse. 126 00:08:22,110 --> 00:08:23,764 To Sassen, he always said: 127 00:08:23,807 --> 00:08:26,288 "I really wasn't a little bureaucrat!" 128 00:08:26,331 --> 00:08:28,159 And it is precisely this role 129 00:08:28,203 --> 00:08:31,685 of the annoyingly bureaucratic and petty-minded guy 130 00:08:31,728 --> 00:08:33,338 that he chooses to play in court. 131 00:08:34,165 --> 00:08:37,647 Eichmann in Jerusalem is a man without a uniform. 132 00:08:37,691 --> 00:08:41,129 He is a man in a slightly oversized suit. 133 00:08:41,172 --> 00:08:42,870 Eichmann knows how to appear different, 134 00:08:42,913 --> 00:08:45,176 with attitude, posture, clothing, 135 00:08:45,220 --> 00:08:47,048 glasses, and haircut. 136 00:08:49,790 --> 00:08:51,922 He knows how to look harmless. 137 00:08:58,625 --> 00:09:01,497 Eichmann said he was a clerk who always cooperated 138 00:09:01,541 --> 00:09:03,368 and did what he was told to do. 139 00:09:04,413 --> 00:09:07,938 The psychiatrist who examined him said that it was all a mask. 140 00:09:07,982 --> 00:09:10,419 He didn't really try to please people. 141 00:09:10,462 --> 00:09:13,074 That was how he presented himself to the world. 142 00:09:16,860 --> 00:09:19,254 To determine his fitness for trial, 143 00:09:19,297 --> 00:09:22,562 Hausner asks for Eichmann to be evaluated by a psychiatrist. 144 00:09:24,868 --> 00:09:28,219 It was a tool, trying to figure out who these people are 145 00:09:28,263 --> 00:09:31,832 who committed murder on such a scale, in such a way, 146 00:09:31,875 --> 00:09:33,703 with such composure. 147 00:09:34,443 --> 00:09:37,489 Maybe we can learn something that will be of relevance in the trial. 148 00:09:42,190 --> 00:09:46,498 The psychiatrist recounts Eichmann's childhood as Eichmann had told him. 149 00:09:46,542 --> 00:09:50,677 He said that his father was very strict. He would often slap him. 150 00:09:50,720 --> 00:09:55,464 He was scared of his father and he learned from his father that he must not be weak. 151 00:09:57,553 --> 00:10:00,382 He realized that he should never show weakness 152 00:10:00,425 --> 00:10:03,428 and he did everything with such loyalty and precision 153 00:10:03,472 --> 00:10:07,432 so that any inkling of the fear in his life wouldn't come out. 154 00:10:11,306 --> 00:10:15,919 The childhood and youth of Adolf Eichmann lack any aura or glamour. 155 00:10:17,442 --> 00:10:21,446 He has no profession until he enlists to the SS. 156 00:10:23,666 --> 00:10:26,364 His senses tell him that there in the SS 157 00:10:26,408 --> 00:10:28,715 he will have a significant career. 158 00:10:29,498 --> 00:10:32,370 When you got this black uniform, 159 00:10:32,414 --> 00:10:35,330 everyone was looking at you 160 00:10:35,373 --> 00:10:38,594 with respect, also with fear, 161 00:10:38,638 --> 00:10:40,988 and you were on the top 162 00:10:41,031 --> 00:10:43,817 of the pyramid of the German people. 163 00:10:43,860 --> 00:10:48,604 You were part of an elite even if you were a worker 164 00:10:49,300 --> 00:10:50,693 or had no school, 165 00:10:50,737 --> 00:10:54,175 no university study, and so on. 166 00:10:54,915 --> 00:10:57,482 Eichmann becomes an important man. 167 00:10:57,526 --> 00:11:01,661 He has an official car, he has a driver, he has secretaries, 168 00:11:01,704 --> 00:11:05,665 and he must have dreamt about all of this his entire life. 169 00:11:06,404 --> 00:11:10,974 His personal frustration was the reason for the zeal and passion 170 00:11:11,018 --> 00:11:13,934 to achieve at least one big achievement. 171 00:11:13,977 --> 00:11:16,458 And this big achievement is connected 172 00:11:16,501 --> 00:11:21,332 to the persecution of European Jews. 173 00:11:21,376 --> 00:11:23,987 The Nazis were obsessed with their racial theories 174 00:11:24,031 --> 00:11:26,468 about the inferiority of the Jewish people. 175 00:11:28,383 --> 00:11:31,560 The Nazis had this insane belief 176 00:11:31,603 --> 00:11:35,520 that a person's ethnic group or the national group you were part of 177 00:11:35,564 --> 00:11:38,045 or the religious group you were part of were different, 178 00:11:38,088 --> 00:11:40,003 this were the eugenics. 179 00:11:40,047 --> 00:11:41,744 And he really believed 180 00:11:41,788 --> 00:11:44,921 that Jews were inherently different 181 00:11:44,965 --> 00:11:48,229 from Germans. 182 00:11:48,272 --> 00:11:51,972 In late 1934, Eichmann is appointed to the new department 183 00:11:52,015 --> 00:11:55,279 responsible for Jewish affairs at the SS. 184 00:11:55,323 --> 00:11:57,412 The agency is tasked with surveillance 185 00:11:57,455 --> 00:12:00,850 and terrorizing enemies of the Nazi-German state. 186 00:12:01,808 --> 00:12:04,898 Eichmann was devising systems 187 00:12:05,812 --> 00:12:07,814 for identifying Jews, 188 00:12:07,857 --> 00:12:12,470 for following Jews in their activities, for monitoring, 189 00:12:12,514 --> 00:12:14,472 trying to work out for the SS 190 00:12:14,516 --> 00:12:18,346 a systematic way of tracking Jews. 191 00:12:21,001 --> 00:12:23,394 During his conversations with Sassen, 192 00:12:23,438 --> 00:12:25,222 Eichmann takes the liberty of disclosing 193 00:12:25,266 --> 00:12:27,834 one of Adolf Hitler's biggest secrets. 194 00:12:30,208 --> 00:12:36,006 I myself looked into the Führer's dietary cook 195 00:12:36,339 --> 00:12:39,551 in terms of her origins, 196 00:12:40,969 --> 00:12:47,684 and I concluded that in the context of the Nuremberg Laws 197 00:12:48,059 --> 00:12:51,771 she is to be addressed as a 1/32 Jewess. 198 00:12:52,898 --> 00:12:53,815 Who? 199 00:12:53,899 --> 00:12:55,025 Eva Braun, 200 00:12:55,108 --> 00:12:56,985 the "dietary cook" of the Führer! 201 00:12:57,068 --> 00:12:59,905 I say that with air quotation marks. 202 00:13:01,031 --> 00:13:03,950 In reality, she was the Führer's bride. 203 00:13:04,034 --> 00:13:06,077 The bride of the Führer of the Greater German Reich. 204 00:13:08,004 --> 00:13:10,093 Eichmann not only tracks the Jews, 205 00:13:10,137 --> 00:13:12,095 but is also responsible for forcing them 206 00:13:12,139 --> 00:13:15,533 to emigrate to different countries. 207 00:13:15,577 --> 00:13:17,492 Looking for potential destinations, 208 00:13:17,535 --> 00:13:21,670 he visits Palestine, then under British rule, 209 00:13:21,713 --> 00:13:23,715 but is quickly detained and expelled. 210 00:13:25,065 --> 00:13:26,849 In his report about the trip, 211 00:13:26,893 --> 00:13:28,982 he describes his anti-Semitic views, 212 00:13:29,025 --> 00:13:31,201 which he also expresses to Sassen. 213 00:13:34,523 --> 00:13:38,568 The Jewish population acquired 214 00:13:40,403 --> 00:13:46,284 such an exaggeratedly high share of the economic assets 215 00:13:46,701 --> 00:13:53,333 compared to their proportion 216 00:13:53,416 --> 00:13:55,335 of the population 217 00:13:56,336 --> 00:13:59,756 that here, how should I say… 218 00:14:01,258 --> 00:14:07,889 the Jew had understood to violently grab everything with brutality 219 00:14:08,223 --> 00:14:11,851 and leave others hungry. 220 00:14:20,193 --> 00:14:23,572 You've always been a devoted antisemite, right? 221 00:14:24,030 --> 00:14:27,784 I've never been an antisemite, but a nationalist. 222 00:14:27,867 --> 00:14:33,665 And there's a written as well as an oral record of that. 223 00:14:33,748 --> 00:14:35,625 I've never been an antisemite. 224 00:14:36,136 --> 00:14:39,356 LAWRENCE DOUGLAS Eichmann characterizes himself in all sorts of ways. 225 00:14:39,400 --> 00:14:41,619 "Look, I was never anti-Semite 226 00:14:41,663 --> 00:14:45,145 and I harbor no ill will towards the Jewish people. " 227 00:14:45,188 --> 00:14:47,930 The Sassen interviews 228 00:14:47,974 --> 00:14:50,411 and the Sassen tapes gave a lie to that. 229 00:14:50,181 --> 00:14:54,019 The things you said in Sassen's conversations 230 00:14:54,102 --> 00:14:56,855 indicate severe antisemitism, don't they? 231 00:14:56,938 --> 00:15:01,610 I said it is difficult for me to remember if I said such things. 232 00:15:03,361 --> 00:15:06,031 What does Dr. Servatius say at this point? 233 00:15:06,573 --> 00:15:13,580 He just always confirmed that there was a recorded conversation, 234 00:15:14,289 --> 00:15:21,129 but he never said that what is written down is the content from that recording. 235 00:15:23,661 --> 00:15:25,925 Dr. Robert Servatius is chosen 236 00:15:25,968 --> 00:15:27,796 by the family to defend Eichmann, 237 00:15:27,839 --> 00:15:30,277 and in the interest of staging a fair trial, 238 00:15:30,320 --> 00:15:33,541 the Israeli government agrees to pay his salary. 239 00:15:33,584 --> 00:15:36,196 He is a well-known attorney in Germany after representing 240 00:15:36,239 --> 00:15:39,503 a number of Nazi war criminals at the Nuremberg Trials. 241 00:15:43,594 --> 00:15:47,337 Servatius was a respectful defense lawyer 242 00:15:47,381 --> 00:15:50,819 at the same time that he tried to defend his client 243 00:15:50,862 --> 00:15:55,780 and he tried to rely on the defense that his client himself supplied. 244 00:15:55,824 --> 00:15:59,045 Namely, that he was just a cog in the machine. 245 00:16:00,829 --> 00:16:03,701 Servatius has to defend his client 246 00:16:03,745 --> 00:16:06,661 and that can only be done if you know what to expect. 247 00:16:08,619 --> 00:16:11,274 And Eichmann, the idiot, doesn't tell his lawyer 248 00:16:11,318 --> 00:16:13,885 that in Argentina he gave an interview 249 00:16:13,929 --> 00:16:16,149 that was a thousand pages long. 250 00:16:16,192 --> 00:16:18,455 Partially, Eichmann lied without end. 251 00:16:18,499 --> 00:16:21,284 Attorney Robert Servatius has stated 252 00:16:21,328 --> 00:16:24,766 that he will withdraw from the defense of Adolf Eichmann 253 00:16:24,809 --> 00:16:27,551 if it turns out that the claims attributed to his client 254 00:16:27,595 --> 00:16:30,032 byLife Magazine are genuine. 255 00:16:30,076 --> 00:16:32,208 Servatius also added that he would check 256 00:16:32,252 --> 00:16:35,298 the credibility of Eichmann's confession with his brother, 257 00:16:35,342 --> 00:16:38,649 Dr. Robert Eichmann, in Linz, Austria. 258 00:16:51,923 --> 00:16:55,536 Naturally, they all wanted their friend, husband, brother 259 00:16:55,579 --> 00:16:57,625 to be properly defended. 260 00:16:57,668 --> 00:17:01,368 And Eichmann's extended family was always ready to help. 261 00:17:01,411 --> 00:17:04,849 They stayed in touch with him and still lived in Austria. 262 00:17:05,807 --> 00:17:07,591 But here, too, it's unknown who 263 00:17:07,635 --> 00:17:09,158 we are dealing with exactly. 264 00:17:12,118 --> 00:17:15,164 The Eichmann family in Austria, at least in part, 265 00:17:15,208 --> 00:17:17,514 benefited from their brother's career. 266 00:17:25,174 --> 00:17:29,396 Eichmann's father, who joined the Nazi party on the same day as his son, 267 00:17:29,439 --> 00:17:33,052 couldn't explain after the war why he owned several things 268 00:17:33,095 --> 00:17:35,663 that formerly belonged to Jewish people. 269 00:17:37,273 --> 00:17:41,451 And in this respect, the family was clearly a part of the inner circle. 270 00:17:46,369 --> 00:17:49,198 Despite his misgivings, Servatius is persuaded 271 00:17:49,242 --> 00:17:51,896 by the Eichmann family to continue defending him 272 00:17:51,940 --> 00:17:55,117 and in exchange, they agreed to cover his many expenses. 273 00:17:57,598 --> 00:17:59,774 The family also passes encoded messages 274 00:17:59,817 --> 00:18:02,081 through Servatius to Eichmann in Israel. 275 00:18:18,619 --> 00:18:21,361 Eichmann's personal conferences with his lawyer 276 00:18:21,404 --> 00:18:23,972 lead to a secret meeting of Israeli cabinet members. 277 00:18:25,626 --> 00:18:27,976 The government session focuses on 278 00:18:28,019 --> 00:18:30,848 whether or not to allow a meeting in private 279 00:18:30,892 --> 00:18:32,676 between Servatius and Eichmann. 280 00:18:36,898 --> 00:18:39,770 At the meeting, it is decided that Eichmann and Servatius 281 00:18:39,814 --> 00:18:42,947 should no longer be allowed to meet in private. 282 00:18:42,991 --> 00:18:46,037 But, Isser Harel, Head of the Israeli Secret Service, 283 00:18:46,081 --> 00:18:50,303 informs everyone that, in fact, the meetings are being secretly recorded 284 00:18:50,346 --> 00:18:55,090 and confirms that Servatius is passing encrypted messages to his client. 285 00:20:06,422 --> 00:20:09,251 GADI WARSHA Isser just says, "We listened in on them 286 00:20:09,295 --> 00:20:11,514 and they don't know it," and moves on. 287 00:20:24,484 --> 00:20:27,182 Hausner himself reassures Servatius 288 00:20:27,226 --> 00:20:31,534 that his attorney-client meetings are not being listened to. 289 00:20:31,578 --> 00:20:34,233 He knows the illegal wiretapping might allow him 290 00:20:34,276 --> 00:20:38,019 to obtain vital information about Sassen's recordings. 291 00:21:09,485 --> 00:21:11,400 BETTINA STANGNETH The "oak tree" we are talking about 292 00:21:11,444 --> 00:21:14,185 is of great significance to Germans. 293 00:21:14,229 --> 00:21:16,971 When one says that an oak tree won't fall, 294 00:21:17,537 --> 00:21:20,453 it always means that the person shall stand straight, 295 00:21:20,496 --> 00:21:22,846 that he will overcome what he faces, 296 00:21:24,892 --> 00:21:26,937 that everything will be resolved. 297 00:21:29,897 --> 00:21:33,335 With this code, Sassen was saying to Eichmann, 298 00:21:33,379 --> 00:21:35,859 "Don't worry, I hid the tapes. " 299 00:21:44,738 --> 00:21:47,218 With Hausner unable to locate the Sassen tapes, 300 00:21:47,262 --> 00:21:49,786 the court's ultimate decision on whether or not to admit 301 00:21:49,830 --> 00:21:51,832 the Life Magazine article into evidence 302 00:21:51,875 --> 00:21:54,400 will be crucial to him proving Eichmann's guilt. 303 00:21:55,481 --> 00:22:00,028 The prosecutor submitted the defendant's comments to us 304 00:22:00,945 --> 00:22:06,451 in response to the article that appeared in Life Magazine. 305 00:22:07,201 --> 00:22:08,077 Yes. 306 00:22:08,161 --> 00:22:09,996 His primary claim 307 00:22:10,079 --> 00:22:16,127 is that "Life" published only a summary of his remarks 308 00:22:16,711 --> 00:22:23,384 and therefore, the meaning in the full source may be different. 309 00:22:24,125 --> 00:22:25,692 HANNA YABLONKA Eichmann is right, of course. 310 00:22:25,735 --> 00:22:28,042 He claimed that what a journalist does 311 00:22:28,085 --> 00:22:29,913 with his freedom of speech 312 00:22:29,957 --> 00:22:31,350 does not apply to him. 313 00:22:31,915 --> 00:22:33,917 There was no way that Hausner 314 00:22:33,961 --> 00:22:35,919 could actually verify 315 00:22:35,963 --> 00:22:39,488 the truthfulness of the Life Magazine article 316 00:22:39,532 --> 00:22:42,186 and the court is trying to demonstrate that look, 317 00:22:42,230 --> 00:22:44,450 we are a court of law. 318 00:22:44,493 --> 00:22:47,453 Even though it looks like highly probative evidence, 319 00:22:47,496 --> 00:22:51,674 we don't really have the resources to authenticate it 320 00:22:51,718 --> 00:22:54,938 and so unfortunately we can't accept it in as evidence. 321 00:22:54,707 --> 00:22:59,212 Did the prosecution procure the original? 322 00:22:59,462 --> 00:23:01,923 No, we don't have the original. 323 00:23:03,049 --> 00:23:05,760 Based on our information, 324 00:23:05,843 --> 00:23:10,723 it was recorded and submitted to a journalist in Argentina, 325 00:23:13,476 --> 00:23:16,104 a Dutch Nazi, we are told, 326 00:23:16,604 --> 00:23:21,359 but we don't have the original tapes. 327 00:23:22,662 --> 00:23:24,664 LAWRENCE DOUGLAS Sassen was not about 328 00:23:24,707 --> 00:23:26,796 to cooperate with the Israelis. 329 00:23:26,840 --> 00:23:29,669 The contract that he signed with Life Magazine 330 00:23:29,712 --> 00:23:33,499 permitted Lifeto supply some of the materials 331 00:23:33,542 --> 00:23:36,502 to some other media organizations, 332 00:23:36,545 --> 00:23:40,331 but specifically barred Life Magazine 333 00:23:40,375 --> 00:23:43,683 from sharing anything with the Israelis. 334 00:23:43,726 --> 00:23:48,514 So it raises the question of how do you get hold of this material? 335 00:23:48,302 --> 00:23:53,057 So you can't get the full transcript from "Life"? 336 00:23:53,141 --> 00:23:57,228 If the court so wishes, the prosecution will try to do so 337 00:23:57,562 --> 00:23:59,313 and contact Life Magazine. 338 00:23:59,564 --> 00:24:01,607 Our experience, typically, 339 00:24:01,691 --> 00:24:06,237 in newspaper inquiries to request the sources of their information 340 00:24:06,320 --> 00:24:08,906 is not encouraging and hopeful. 341 00:24:13,234 --> 00:24:15,497 TIMOTHY NAFTALI This is a document showing 342 00:24:15,541 --> 00:24:18,674 that the assistant editor of Life Magazine 343 00:24:18,718 --> 00:24:22,243 gave the CIA an advanced copy of the text 344 00:24:22,286 --> 00:24:24,114 of their article on Eichmann. 345 00:24:26,290 --> 00:24:28,379 What interests Americans 346 00:24:28,423 --> 00:24:31,600 is the propaganda value 347 00:24:31,644 --> 00:24:34,821 of what Eichmann is saying in Life Magazine. 348 00:24:34,864 --> 00:24:38,085 They were worried about how the East Germans 349 00:24:38,128 --> 00:24:41,958 and the Soviets would use this. 350 00:24:42,002 --> 00:24:44,047 With the battle lines of the Cold War 351 00:24:44,091 --> 00:24:46,310 literally running through the middle of Germany, 352 00:24:47,921 --> 00:24:49,966 many worried about what sensitive material 353 00:24:50,010 --> 00:24:52,012 the Eichmann recordings contained. 354 00:24:53,927 --> 00:24:56,886 This was not just about history. 355 00:24:56,930 --> 00:25:00,977 It wasn't just about memory. It wasn't just about justice. 356 00:25:02,022 --> 00:25:03,937 It was also about politics 357 00:25:03,980 --> 00:25:07,549 and foreign policy and security matters, 358 00:25:07,593 --> 00:25:11,248 and it was also about the climax of the Cold War. 359 00:25:17,298 --> 00:25:21,041 To get a sense of where the Cold War was 360 00:25:21,084 --> 00:25:23,696 at the moment of the trial, 361 00:25:23,739 --> 00:25:28,178 keep in mind that the Berlin Wall goes up 362 00:25:29,266 --> 00:25:31,530 while Eichmann is on trial. 363 00:25:31,280 --> 00:25:37,286 We must, and we will look into the future with full confidence. 364 00:25:38,287 --> 00:25:43,334 Because also the West woke up to the threat from the East. 365 00:25:43,672 --> 00:25:46,501 TIMOTHY NAFTALI There were two Germanys warring 366 00:25:46,545 --> 00:25:49,939 for the right to be Germany, 367 00:25:49,983 --> 00:25:52,986 but also for the right to be the Germany 368 00:25:53,029 --> 00:25:55,554 that came after Hitler. 369 00:25:55,597 --> 00:25:58,513 Germans were very concerned 370 00:25:58,557 --> 00:26:02,735 that this trial was going to be a source of all sorts of embarrassment, 371 00:26:02,778 --> 00:26:06,129 demonstrating that there are a lot of Nazis 372 00:26:06,173 --> 00:26:10,394 who remained in positions of high power within Germany itself. 373 00:26:11,047 --> 00:26:15,661 REPORTER While Eichmann was standing trial in Jerusalem, 374 00:26:14,156 --> 00:26:19,328 many of his accomplices are still free 375 00:26:19,704 --> 00:26:23,291 and hold senior positions in West Germany. 376 00:26:23,756 --> 00:26:25,496 TIMOTHY NAFTALI The East Germans saw this 377 00:26:25,540 --> 00:26:28,587 as an opportunity to remind the world 378 00:26:28,630 --> 00:26:31,198 that, yeah, there's only one Eichmann, 379 00:26:31,241 --> 00:26:36,159 but that doesn't mean there's only one bad Nazi left 380 00:26:36,203 --> 00:26:37,857 who deserves justice. 381 00:26:37,900 --> 00:26:41,469 And some of them worked for Konrad Adenauer. 382 00:26:41,512 --> 00:26:44,385 Konrad Adenauer is the first Chancellor of West Germany 383 00:26:44,428 --> 00:26:48,650 after World War II, and is charged with leading his country 384 00:26:48,694 --> 00:26:51,522 from the post-war chaos into the modern era. 385 00:26:53,786 --> 00:26:55,744 The person with perhaps the most to lose 386 00:26:55,788 --> 00:26:58,007 if the tapes are heard during Eichmann's trial 387 00:26:58,051 --> 00:27:00,880 is Adenauer's right-hand man, Hans Globke, 388 00:27:00,923 --> 00:27:03,273 who oversaw the plan for the enforcement 389 00:27:03,317 --> 00:27:06,712 of the Nuremberg Race Laws later carried out by Eichmann. 390 00:27:11,847 --> 00:27:16,330 Hans Globke is one of the most powerful men in West Germany. 391 00:27:16,373 --> 00:27:18,898 He is the closest advisor to Adenauer. 392 00:27:18,941 --> 00:27:22,684 Now we know that as a lawyer, 393 00:27:22,728 --> 00:27:25,339 a bureaucrat in the Nazi system, 394 00:27:25,382 --> 00:27:28,908 he helped draft the Nuremberg Laws, 395 00:27:29,473 --> 00:27:33,347 which established the "legal basis" 396 00:27:34,174 --> 00:27:38,352 for discrimination against German Jews. 397 00:27:40,093 --> 00:27:43,662 Why would Adenauer employ someone like Globke? 398 00:27:43,705 --> 00:27:46,490 It was an open offer to all German people: 399 00:27:46,534 --> 00:27:50,407 We integrate all of you, even with a Nazi past. 400 00:27:50,451 --> 00:27:52,148 We're not going to lock you all up. 401 00:27:52,192 --> 00:27:55,674 You may continue working within our establishment. 402 00:27:55,717 --> 00:27:57,980 Since Israel is trying Eichmann, 403 00:27:58,024 --> 00:28:00,635 one cannot overlook the Nuremberg Laws, 404 00:28:01,157 --> 00:28:03,594 because it's obvious that Eichmann will say, 405 00:28:03,638 --> 00:28:05,118 "What do you want from me? 406 00:28:05,771 --> 00:28:07,816 I applied the laws of the Third Reich. " 407 00:28:09,949 --> 00:28:12,691 And who made these laws? Hans Globke. 408 00:28:16,433 --> 00:28:19,088 This was a major problem for Adenauer. 409 00:28:20,089 --> 00:28:24,050 And just as East Germany went into overdrive 410 00:28:24,093 --> 00:28:26,313 to start pumping out propaganda, 411 00:28:26,356 --> 00:28:31,274 West Germany was worried about what Eichmann might say. 412 00:28:34,016 --> 00:28:37,628 The BND was very key 413 00:28:37,672 --> 00:28:41,589 in trying to make sure that they had an ear on 414 00:28:41,632 --> 00:28:44,113 what was going on in Israel, 415 00:28:44,157 --> 00:28:50,119 tried to manipulate things a little under the table. 416 00:28:50,163 --> 00:28:52,426 Eichmann's connections to not only Globke, 417 00:28:52,469 --> 00:28:54,689 but other former Nazi officials who were integrated 418 00:28:54,733 --> 00:28:58,127 into the new West German government could be exposed 419 00:28:58,171 --> 00:29:00,739 if Sassen's recordings are played in court. 420 00:29:03,959 --> 00:29:07,702 Hausner knows that this is against the interest of the West German government 421 00:29:07,746 --> 00:29:10,661 and therefore against the interest of his own government as well. 422 00:29:13,403 --> 00:29:15,405 Hausner is aware that Ben-Gurion, 423 00:29:15,449 --> 00:29:18,321 against strong opposition from within the country, 424 00:29:18,365 --> 00:29:21,585 and despite protests and riots led by Holocaust survivors, 425 00:29:21,629 --> 00:29:24,719 is negotiating with West Germany to support Israel. 426 00:29:25,633 --> 00:29:28,027 Three months before the trial took place, 427 00:29:28,070 --> 00:29:30,420 Ben-Gurion met Adenauer in New York. 428 00:29:30,464 --> 00:29:34,381 He had a clear interest for the sake of Israel 429 00:29:34,424 --> 00:29:37,340 to establish relations with Germany. 430 00:29:39,081 --> 00:29:41,867 It was an encounter of vested interests - 431 00:29:41,910 --> 00:29:44,173 Israel desperately needed support 432 00:29:45,696 --> 00:29:49,962 and West Germany was in desperate need of rehabilitation. 433 00:29:50,005 --> 00:29:53,356 For someone to say that West Germany is different, 434 00:29:53,400 --> 00:29:55,619 that it is not Nazi Germany. 435 00:29:57,534 --> 00:29:59,667 I said, in the Knesset, 436 00:29:59,710 --> 00:30:03,497 in the Israeli parliament, last summer, 437 00:30:03,540 --> 00:30:07,806 that Germany of today is not the Germany of yesterday. 438 00:30:07,849 --> 00:30:11,505 The story of the Eichmann affair from the Israeli perspective 439 00:30:11,984 --> 00:30:15,814 is a nostalgic, heroic, a very romantic story, 440 00:30:15,857 --> 00:30:20,470 how David demanded justice from the already defeated Goliath. 441 00:30:20,514 --> 00:30:23,082 But this is nothing but a shadow boxing, 442 00:30:23,125 --> 00:30:26,302 a smoke screen that conceals the true story. 443 00:30:26,346 --> 00:30:30,350 And the true story is the Israeli-German nuclear project. 444 00:30:31,438 --> 00:30:36,225 Once a decision is made that Israel will launch a nuclear project, 445 00:30:36,269 --> 00:30:37,879 there are things that have to be done. 446 00:30:37,923 --> 00:30:40,229 It demands a certain technology, 447 00:30:40,273 --> 00:30:41,970 certain materials, 448 00:30:42,014 --> 00:30:43,319 and first and foremost, 449 00:30:43,363 --> 00:30:45,887 a lot, a lot of money. 450 00:30:45,931 --> 00:30:50,413 Money that the newly established State of Israel doesn't have. 451 00:30:50,457 --> 00:30:52,633 Very quickly, David Ben-Gurion 452 00:30:52,676 --> 00:30:55,244 and Shimon Peres, his political partner, 453 00:30:55,288 --> 00:30:58,944 realize that the way to continue with the nuclear project 454 00:30:58,987 --> 00:31:02,295 is by partnering with De Gaulle's France 455 00:31:02,338 --> 00:31:03,949 and Adenauer's Germany. 456 00:31:04,950 --> 00:31:07,909 Adenauer and Strauss, his defense minister, 457 00:31:07,953 --> 00:31:10,912 put a gun on the table, so to say. 458 00:31:10,956 --> 00:31:14,655 You want us to continue funding the nuclear project? 459 00:31:15,134 --> 00:31:19,181 So do not mention the name Hans Globke at the trial. 460 00:31:20,052 --> 00:31:22,054 And that certainly was communicated 461 00:31:22,097 --> 00:31:26,275 from Ben-Gurion to Gideon Hausner. 462 00:31:26,319 --> 00:31:28,277 I don't think we should be entirely surprised 463 00:31:28,321 --> 00:31:31,237 that there was some kind of, what we might say, 464 00:31:31,280 --> 00:31:35,110 cross-fertilization between Ben-Gurion 465 00:31:35,154 --> 00:31:38,331 and the Attorney General of Israel. 466 00:31:39,419 --> 00:31:41,943 Ben-Gurion tried to prevent the prosecutor 467 00:31:41,987 --> 00:31:44,250 from submitting a document at trial 468 00:31:44,293 --> 00:31:46,992 that shows that Globke took part 469 00:31:47,035 --> 00:31:49,168 in a meeting with Eichmann's representative 470 00:31:50,473 --> 00:31:53,302 where they're talking about seizing property. 471 00:31:53,346 --> 00:31:56,392 This is a very important document. 472 00:31:56,436 --> 00:32:00,483 Hausner comes to Ben-Gurion and says, "I have this document. " 473 00:32:01,745 --> 00:32:05,184 Ben-Gurion says, "Perhaps don't make it public. " 474 00:32:06,141 --> 00:32:08,970 And Hausner says, "I can't not make it public. " 475 00:32:09,014 --> 00:32:11,146 And Ben-Gurion has no choice. 476 00:32:11,799 --> 00:32:14,280 Then they even decide to notify Adenauer 477 00:32:14,323 --> 00:32:17,196 that such a document is going to be presented, 478 00:32:17,239 --> 00:32:19,938 which is contrary to all legal logic. 479 00:32:20,721 --> 00:32:22,462 Who does such a thing? 480 00:32:24,203 --> 00:32:27,467 Ben-Gurion was well aware of Globke's part 481 00:32:27,510 --> 00:32:29,382 in phrasing the Nuremberg Laws. 482 00:32:29,425 --> 00:32:31,079 And yet, he has to take care 483 00:32:31,123 --> 00:32:33,821 of the state he's responsible for - Israel. 484 00:32:33,864 --> 00:32:35,692 A couple of days before the trial, 485 00:32:35,736 --> 00:32:38,043 Hausner gives Ben-Gurion 486 00:32:38,086 --> 00:32:40,480 the text of his opening speech. 487 00:32:42,699 --> 00:32:47,661 GIDEON HAUSNER When I stand before you here, 488 00:32:47,091 --> 00:32:48,884 Judges of Israel, 489 00:32:49,718 --> 00:32:53,222 to lead the prosecution of Adolf Eichmann, 490 00:32:54,515 --> 00:32:56,433 I do not stand alone. 491 00:33:01,522 --> 00:33:06,944 Standing here with me, at this time, 492 00:33:07,027 --> 00:33:09,613 are six million accusers. 493 00:33:11,323 --> 00:33:17,204 But they will not be able to point the finger of blame at the glass cell, 494 00:33:17,663 --> 00:33:21,291 because their ashes are piled up among the hills of Auschwitz, 495 00:33:21,375 --> 00:33:23,252 in the fields of Treblinka. 496 00:33:23,958 --> 00:33:26,482 DEBORAH LIPSTADT I know many Israelis of a certain age 497 00:33:26,526 --> 00:33:29,572 who can quote the opening paragraph 498 00:33:29,616 --> 00:33:32,053 of that speech. 499 00:33:33,576 --> 00:33:36,710 And Ben-Gurion makes very few comments about it, 500 00:33:36,753 --> 00:33:39,060 but just the only thing he asks 501 00:33:39,104 --> 00:33:42,107 is that wherever Hausner refers to Germany, 502 00:33:42,150 --> 00:33:45,501 he refer to "Nazi Germany. " 503 00:33:45,545 --> 00:33:48,765 GIDEON HAUSNER The fracture of the people of Israel in this generation 504 00:33:50,112 --> 00:33:53,407 was discussed in a few of the trials 505 00:33:54,158 --> 00:33:57,369 that were held after Nazi Germany was defeated 506 00:33:57,453 --> 00:33:59,371 in World War II. 507 00:33:59,733 --> 00:34:02,997 It is certainly the case that Ben-Gurion did exercise 508 00:34:03,041 --> 00:34:05,608 some influence over the prosecution. 509 00:34:05,652 --> 00:34:08,437 Ben-Gurion knew Israel needed arms. 510 00:34:08,481 --> 00:34:12,180 Israel needed financial support of Germany. 511 00:34:12,224 --> 00:34:15,836 He may have hated doing it, but he was a practical man. 512 00:34:17,272 --> 00:34:20,362 With this trial, Ben-Gurion also wanted to show 513 00:34:20,406 --> 00:34:24,758 why Israel, why Jews, must have the bomb. 514 00:34:28,936 --> 00:34:31,199 So there won't be another Holocaust. 515 00:34:38,250 --> 00:34:40,556 The story of the Holocaust is, in fact, 516 00:34:40,600 --> 00:34:42,602 the story of Eichmann's career. 517 00:34:42,645 --> 00:34:46,519 After establishing methods to identify the Jews, 518 00:34:46,562 --> 00:34:48,390 he is promoted and sent to Austria, 519 00:34:48,434 --> 00:34:51,176 which was annexed by the German Reich 520 00:34:51,219 --> 00:34:54,135 and empowered with the task of ridding the country of Jews. 521 00:35:05,190 --> 00:35:07,801 Eichmann arrives in Austria, and immediately, 522 00:35:07,844 --> 00:35:10,934 he is establishing his old idea 523 00:35:10,978 --> 00:35:14,851 of creating a central emigration bureau for the Jews. 524 00:35:16,810 --> 00:35:18,768 He took over the Rothschild Palais, 525 00:35:18,812 --> 00:35:21,249 a famous place for Jews. 526 00:35:22,381 --> 00:35:25,949 There he creates a pattern, how to get rid of the Jews 527 00:35:25,993 --> 00:35:29,953 and to force them to leave at least some of their property 528 00:35:29,997 --> 00:35:31,694 to the Third Reich. 529 00:35:31,738 --> 00:35:34,393 Meaning, an official robbery 530 00:35:34,436 --> 00:35:36,395 plus deportation. 531 00:35:36,438 --> 00:35:38,614 One of those Jews came to the trial 532 00:35:38,658 --> 00:35:40,442 and testified at the trial 533 00:35:40,486 --> 00:35:43,619 that you walked into the Rothschild Palais 534 00:35:43,663 --> 00:35:47,057 with a business, with a home, 535 00:35:47,101 --> 00:35:50,626 with bank accounts, with possessions, 536 00:35:50,670 --> 00:35:54,674 and as you went from desk to desk, you gave up these things 537 00:35:54,717 --> 00:35:58,808 and you came out at the end with permission to leave Austria. 538 00:36:02,290 --> 00:36:06,251 DR. FRANZ MAYER There was a big room 539 00:36:06,707 --> 00:36:10,669 in which Eichmann sat. 540 00:36:11,336 --> 00:36:13,255 - You instantly saw him. - Yes, of course. 541 00:36:13,505 --> 00:36:19,595 This was a man with the temperament of a ruler over life and death, 542 00:36:19,678 --> 00:36:23,765 rude, crude. 543 00:36:24,308 --> 00:36:25,893 When we entered, 544 00:36:26,184 --> 00:36:31,273 he didn't let us approach his desk. 545 00:36:31,690 --> 00:36:35,110 We had to stand the whole time. 546 00:36:36,716 --> 00:36:39,284 RONI STAUBER Eichmann gained power and control. 547 00:36:40,067 --> 00:36:42,200 By now, he realized that this is the way 548 00:36:42,243 --> 00:36:45,812 to promote his career and to gain achievements. 549 00:36:45,855 --> 00:36:50,033 It's his success with the Jews that will be his test. 550 00:36:50,167 --> 00:36:55,172 Can you confirm that what you did in Austria was actually 551 00:36:55,255 --> 00:36:57,633 forcing the Jews into deportation? 552 00:36:58,008 --> 00:37:02,137 You boast about having organized the Jewish emigration 553 00:37:02,220 --> 00:37:05,223 according to the assembly line method. 554 00:37:05,682 --> 00:37:07,851 I did not force any Jew to emigrate. 555 00:37:07,935 --> 00:37:11,104 On the contrary, Dr. Löwenherz came to me- 556 00:37:11,188 --> 00:37:13,565 I'm asking for an answer. 557 00:37:16,026 --> 00:37:18,946 I had demanded from Löwenherz to present me with 558 00:37:19,029 --> 00:37:23,033 at least 1,200 to 1,400 Jews per day at the time. 559 00:37:23,408 --> 00:37:26,662 It was a coming and going, the whole day. 560 00:37:26,745 --> 00:37:31,333 If I tell you that for multiple weeks 561 00:37:31,416 --> 00:37:36,797 every day we had 1,000 Jews ready for departure. 562 00:37:37,733 --> 00:37:41,824 The German hierarchy was so impressed 563 00:37:42,521 --> 00:37:45,306 by the way Eichmann handled this 564 00:37:45,350 --> 00:37:50,311 that this sort of skyrocketed him into this organizational task. 565 00:37:51,834 --> 00:37:55,273 ADOLF EICHMANN They recognized my department 566 00:37:57,859 --> 00:37:59,319 as a treasure chest 567 00:37:59,569 --> 00:38:02,572 where everything 568 00:38:03,323 --> 00:38:06,076 in regards to Jewish life in Austria 569 00:38:06,576 --> 00:38:09,079 could be found. 570 00:38:12,159 --> 00:38:15,728 GIDEON HAUSNER You controlled the lives of the Jews in the Reich. 571 00:38:15,711 --> 00:38:18,588 No, that is not correct. That is not correct. 572 00:38:20,298 --> 00:38:22,592 It is more clear, 573 00:38:23,468 --> 00:38:25,512 after we heard about that period from Dr. Löwenherz 574 00:38:25,804 --> 00:38:29,975 and the other testimonies. 575 00:38:30,308 --> 00:38:33,270 So everyone is lying besides you who is telling the truth? 576 00:38:33,812 --> 00:38:38,692 No, the documents tell the truth. And they confirm what I just said. 577 00:38:35,922 --> 00:38:38,838 and they confirm what I just said. 578 00:38:38,881 --> 00:38:42,842 GIDEON HAUSNER If you want to call black white and white black, 579 00:38:42,529 --> 00:38:44,990 I can't do anything about it. 580 00:38:50,632 --> 00:38:53,635 HANNA YABLONKA Within six months after his arrival to Austria, 581 00:38:53,679 --> 00:38:58,031 Eichmann succeeds to expel more Jews from Austria 582 00:38:58,074 --> 00:39:00,338 than Germany has succeeded in all the five years 583 00:39:00,381 --> 00:39:02,383 since Hitler's rise to power. 584 00:39:02,427 --> 00:39:06,909 This really caught the eyes of the Fuührer 585 00:39:06,953 --> 00:39:11,392 and soon enough, in November of 1938, the Kristallnacht happened. 586 00:39:16,832 --> 00:39:19,269 In January, Hitler will set up 587 00:39:19,313 --> 00:39:23,752 a Central Authority for Jewish Emigration in Germany. 588 00:39:25,145 --> 00:39:27,974 Eichmann was one of the key characters 589 00:39:28,017 --> 00:39:32,152 leading to the "Final Solution" as we know it. 590 00:39:32,195 --> 00:39:34,850 Perhaps the most damning part of Eichmann's legacy 591 00:39:34,894 --> 00:39:39,202 is his participation in the Wannsee Conference, 592 00:39:39,246 --> 00:39:42,162 where the plan for the vicious extermination of all Jews in Europe 593 00:39:42,205 --> 00:39:43,903 is meticulously laid out. 594 00:39:46,471 --> 00:39:50,039 The Conference is led by Eichmann's commander, Reinhard Heydrich, 595 00:39:50,083 --> 00:39:52,390 head of the Reich Security Main Office. 596 00:39:53,913 --> 00:39:56,306 On 20th January 1942, 597 00:39:56,350 --> 00:39:59,788 15 high ranking members of the Nazi state 598 00:39:59,832 --> 00:40:04,576 met here to discuss in 90 minutes the organization 599 00:40:04,619 --> 00:40:08,536 for systematic mass murder of all Jews in Europe. 600 00:40:16,457 --> 00:40:19,547 The house that we know as the house of the Wannsee Conference 601 00:40:19,591 --> 00:40:21,419 was an SS hotel. 602 00:40:21,462 --> 00:40:24,160 People come here to spend leisure time, 603 00:40:24,204 --> 00:40:28,121 to take a swim in the lake that we know as Wannsee, 604 00:40:28,164 --> 00:40:30,297 and then the house was also used 605 00:40:30,340 --> 00:40:33,082 for talks and conferences. 606 00:40:33,692 --> 00:40:37,217 We know that the men were invited here 607 00:40:37,260 --> 00:40:40,655 to have the talk on the "Final Solution of the Jewish Question" 608 00:40:40,699 --> 00:40:43,745 as they put it in the invitation, 609 00:40:43,789 --> 00:40:46,356 accompanied by breakfast. 610 00:40:48,184 --> 00:40:52,537 They had food. They had alcohol. 611 00:40:52,580 --> 00:40:55,409 Eichmann refers to "cognac. " 612 00:40:55,453 --> 00:40:57,890 The session lasted 90 minutes. 613 00:40:57,933 --> 00:41:01,502 It's astonishing to see a group of 15 people discussing the murder 614 00:41:01,546 --> 00:41:04,418 of millions of Jews and nobody's concerned, 615 00:41:04,462 --> 00:41:06,768 as if they're talking about moving a table 616 00:41:06,812 --> 00:41:09,771 from one side of the room to the other side. 617 00:41:09,551 --> 00:41:12,095 Gentlemen, I hope you enjoyed your meal. 618 00:41:12,429 --> 00:41:14,890 We now proceed to the main question in regards to the "Final Solution," 619 00:41:14,973 --> 00:41:19,311 namely determining which group of people will be considered for evacuation. 620 00:41:19,651 --> 00:41:23,219 The decision for systematic mass murder is closely related 621 00:41:23,263 --> 00:41:28,181 to other decisions of dominating the whole world, 622 00:41:28,224 --> 00:41:32,185 wanting to keep the world free of Jews. 623 00:41:32,228 --> 00:41:36,494 The "Final Solution," or what most people call the "Holocaust," 624 00:41:36,537 --> 00:41:41,368 takes place only at the end of the Holocaust, from late 1941, 625 00:41:41,411 --> 00:41:44,023 when Nazi Germany changes its policy 626 00:41:44,066 --> 00:41:47,635 from forced emigration to a total annihilation. 627 00:41:55,817 --> 00:41:58,167 Once the Nazis invade the USSR, 628 00:41:58,211 --> 00:41:59,908 they realize that they have to tackle 629 00:41:59,952 --> 00:42:02,563 huge numbers of Jews and Communists 630 00:42:02,607 --> 00:42:05,044 and largely everything they hate. 631 00:42:05,087 --> 00:42:08,438 They conclude that the solution must be immediate. 632 00:42:08,482 --> 00:42:10,136 So they begin to murder. 633 00:42:10,179 --> 00:42:11,572 And while murdering, they realize 634 00:42:11,616 --> 00:42:13,226 that it creates difficulties 635 00:42:13,269 --> 00:42:15,489 for their troops, mostly mentally. 636 00:42:16,055 --> 00:42:18,361 The negative effect of the murdering on the soldiers 637 00:42:18,405 --> 00:42:20,581 forced the Nazis to find another solution. 638 00:42:22,931 --> 00:42:27,153 The new solution came in the form of organization and order. 639 00:42:27,196 --> 00:42:29,721 There is a German proverb... 640 00:42:30,199 --> 00:42:32,680 "There must be order. " 641 00:42:32,724 --> 00:42:36,162 It is a big operation, millions of Jews have to be transported 642 00:42:36,205 --> 00:42:38,773 to the place of death. How do you organize it? 643 00:42:38,817 --> 00:42:41,689 And here is the man who knows how to do it professionally. 644 00:42:44,980 --> 00:42:47,023 Do you know 645 00:42:47,107 --> 00:42:52,279 if several years before the war 646 00:42:52,362 --> 00:42:57,075 there had already been a plan meticulously detailed by Heydrich 647 00:42:57,409 --> 00:43:01,705 down to the smallest detail, 648 00:43:02,289 --> 00:43:08,545 for the so-called solution of the "Jewish Question?" 649 00:43:08,878 --> 00:43:13,466 No, I would have had to know about that. 650 00:43:13,550 --> 00:43:16,261 After we started marching, 651 00:43:16,344 --> 00:43:21,433 the moment dictated these things. 652 00:43:21,808 --> 00:43:26,229 But was Heydrich not mandated at the Wannsee Conference 653 00:43:26,521 --> 00:43:29,983 with the solution of the Jewish question? 654 00:43:30,900 --> 00:43:34,821 In fact he was authorized to… 655 00:43:35,280 --> 00:43:40,118 to initiate, to take over the final solution to the Jewish question. 656 00:43:40,201 --> 00:43:42,704 He was empowered to do so. 657 00:43:48,501 --> 00:43:54,591 Heydrich wanted to get the certification to deal with Jewish affairs as he wished. 658 00:43:54,674 --> 00:43:56,801 He received it at the Wannsee Conference. 659 00:44:01,097 --> 00:44:04,476 You were his qualified referent 660 00:44:04,809 --> 00:44:08,605 for all matters arising from the "Final Solution. " 661 00:44:08,688 --> 00:44:11,608 That is not true. 662 00:44:11,691 --> 00:44:16,529 I was simply tasked with the administrative process 663 00:44:16,613 --> 00:44:22,619 of invitations for these people to 664 00:44:22,702 --> 00:44:26,623 the conference in March '42. 665 00:44:29,449 --> 00:44:32,626 In most of the movies that were made on the Wannsee Conference, 666 00:44:32,670 --> 00:44:35,455 you would rather see him sitting aside, 667 00:44:35,498 --> 00:44:38,240 only taking notes. 668 00:44:38,284 --> 00:44:40,329 That is what he himself claims. 669 00:44:40,982 --> 00:44:45,465 The topic that is being talked about is his topic. 670 00:44:46,379 --> 00:44:50,557 Eichmann was in charge of organizing the deportations, 671 00:44:50,600 --> 00:44:53,560 of coordinating activities. 672 00:44:53,603 --> 00:44:56,781 He's the one preparing the numbers. 673 00:44:57,607 --> 00:45:01,742 This very famous page six 674 00:45:01,786 --> 00:45:04,702 of the minutes that summarizes 675 00:45:04,745 --> 00:45:07,835 all European countries where the line is drawn 676 00:45:07,879 --> 00:45:11,752 and 11 million European Jews are mentioned 677 00:45:11,796 --> 00:45:14,059 that are going to be deported and killed. 678 00:45:14,102 --> 00:45:15,800 So that is Eichmann's role. 679 00:45:17,845 --> 00:45:21,283 Eichmann later ensures that explicit words 680 00:45:21,327 --> 00:45:25,287 like "murder" or "execution" will not be mentioned 681 00:45:25,331 --> 00:45:29,727 since he's very much aware of the need of secrecy. 682 00:45:29,770 --> 00:45:33,165 One of the mechanisms that makes it easier 683 00:45:33,208 --> 00:45:36,995 for the German society, for the German institutions 684 00:45:37,038 --> 00:45:40,650 and even, in part, for the rest of the world, 685 00:45:40,694 --> 00:45:43,131 not to be aware of what's going on. 686 00:45:45,307 --> 00:45:47,570 There is a word 687 00:45:47,614 --> 00:45:51,923 that is used in this document 688 00:45:51,966 --> 00:45:56,318 and that is the word of "behandelt" - the treatment. 689 00:45:56,362 --> 00:45:58,930 They would be suitably treated. 690 00:45:58,973 --> 00:46:02,542 At that point of time, for most of the perpetrators, 691 00:46:03,021 --> 00:46:07,721 to my knowledge, is clearly understood as killing. 692 00:46:07,765 --> 00:46:09,854 Eichmann writes the protocol of the Conference 693 00:46:09,897 --> 00:46:12,813 and sends it to the relevant offices. 694 00:46:12,857 --> 00:46:15,729 Then he carries out the decisions of the Conference, 695 00:46:15,773 --> 00:46:19,385 being sure that this is what the angel of history 696 00:46:19,428 --> 00:46:20,865 has asked him to do. 697 00:46:21,988 --> 00:46:24,824 The Führer has given the order for physical extermination… 698 00:46:25,533 --> 00:46:29,204 I had heard these words for the first time. 699 00:46:29,996 --> 00:46:31,706 I know that all too well. 700 00:46:31,789 --> 00:46:38,505 I even thought to myself, "physical extermination…" 701 00:46:39,047 --> 00:46:43,218 You see, the word in itself is already rather peculiar. 702 00:46:43,301 --> 00:46:48,223 If it had been, "The Führer has ordered the extermination of the Jews…" 703 00:46:48,306 --> 00:46:52,727 But like that? "Physical extermination…" 704 00:46:54,562 --> 00:46:58,358 It seemed incredible to me. 705 00:46:58,685 --> 00:47:01,731 LAWRENCE DOUGLAS Eichmann is something of a logistical mastermind 706 00:47:01,775 --> 00:47:03,516 and he wants to make sure 707 00:47:03,559 --> 00:47:07,389 that he is highly successful in the deportations, 708 00:47:07,433 --> 00:47:09,870 and he does this with full awareness 709 00:47:09,914 --> 00:47:14,353 that the result of deporting these Jewish persons 710 00:47:14,396 --> 00:47:17,660 to these killing centers is that they're going to be killed. 711 00:47:22,298 --> 00:47:25,593 You saw in the Jews an enemy that had to be exterminated, 712 00:47:25,677 --> 00:47:27,262 like any other enemy. 713 00:47:27,345 --> 00:47:30,348 The slogan was: "The enemy must be exterminated. " 714 00:47:31,015 --> 00:47:34,310 The word "extermination" is not appropriate 715 00:47:34,394 --> 00:47:37,438 because you don't exterminate an enemy, 716 00:47:37,522 --> 00:47:39,607 you need to fight the enemy. 717 00:47:40,567 --> 00:47:44,529 But not a physical extermination, like the one Hitler commanded. 718 00:47:45,340 --> 00:47:49,518 GIDEON HAUSNER Do you know of a non-physical extermination? 719 00:47:52,913 --> 00:47:56,047 GIDEON GREIF Adolf Eichmann visited Auschwitz many times. 720 00:47:56,656 --> 00:47:59,093 He went there to inspect and to be sure 721 00:47:59,137 --> 00:48:01,835 that his instructions are being carried out. 722 00:48:01,879 --> 00:48:03,750 He even had some improvement suggestions. 723 00:48:03,793 --> 00:48:06,231 We know this from the camp commander, Rudolf Hoöss, 724 00:48:06,274 --> 00:48:08,798 who welcomed him there each time. 725 00:48:09,721 --> 00:48:12,265 You need to know that, 726 00:48:12,974 --> 00:48:15,268 if someone is already in a concentration camp 727 00:48:15,602 --> 00:48:19,981 it is rather easy to get in, but extremely difficult to get out again. 728 00:48:21,065 --> 00:48:22,400 Very difficult. 729 00:48:23,117 --> 00:48:25,772 GIDEON GREIF He was asked by some cabinet ministers 730 00:48:25,815 --> 00:48:29,254 of the German Nazi government to make them a personal favor 731 00:48:29,297 --> 00:48:31,256 and release some important Jews 732 00:48:31,299 --> 00:48:33,562 who have made some important inventions 733 00:48:33,606 --> 00:48:34,912 for Nazi Germany. 734 00:48:37,262 --> 00:48:38,959 Nothing helped. 735 00:48:39,003 --> 00:48:42,876 He always said, "I make no exceptions. " 736 00:48:43,616 --> 00:48:48,360 He was... there's a saying in Hebrew, "Meshuga ladavar. " 737 00:48:48,403 --> 00:48:51,145 He was crazed to kill 738 00:48:51,189 --> 00:48:53,887 every Jew he could find. 739 00:49:00,633 --> 00:49:02,765 GIDEON HAUSNER It's more elegant to kill with gas. 740 00:49:02,607 --> 00:49:07,862 Isn't that what the people from the Eastern Ministry said? 741 00:49:08,404 --> 00:49:12,075 Yes, but that definitely wasn't my opinion. 742 00:49:12,158 --> 00:49:15,703 That should be clear from what was said before. 743 00:49:16,037 --> 00:49:22,085 I don't know who introduced the physical extermination. 744 00:49:22,437 --> 00:49:25,788 DEBORAH LIPSTADT If Hausner had had access to the tapes, 745 00:49:26,702 --> 00:49:29,357 that he could have played the tapes in the trial, 746 00:49:29,401 --> 00:49:32,795 then the next question he would have asked Eichmann was, 747 00:49:32,839 --> 00:49:37,322 were you lying then or are you lying now? 748 00:49:37,365 --> 00:49:40,368 With Hausner still unable to get his hands on the tapes, 749 00:49:40,412 --> 00:49:42,980 he presses Eichmann to admit to his culpability 750 00:49:43,023 --> 00:49:44,982 in the extermination of the Jewish people. 751 00:49:48,202 --> 00:49:50,422 Here, on the tapes, Eichmann clearly admits 752 00:49:50,465 --> 00:49:52,990 to the deceptive techniques used by the Nazis 753 00:49:53,033 --> 00:49:56,384 to make the gas chambers appear like innocent shower rooms. 754 00:49:59,622 --> 00:50:01,833 A brigadier general, 755 00:50:02,083 --> 00:50:04,085 he reported to me 756 00:50:04,544 --> 00:50:08,965 that they installed sprinklers that looked like shower heads. 757 00:50:11,134 --> 00:50:12,760 This would be a shower room. 758 00:50:13,302 --> 00:50:16,889 And they would put in the idiots and throw in cyanide. 759 00:50:23,846 --> 00:50:25,413 Still unable to get Eichmann 760 00:50:25,457 --> 00:50:27,198 to admit his guilt in open court 761 00:50:27,241 --> 00:50:29,548 or locate the whereabouts of the tapes, 762 00:50:29,591 --> 00:50:31,767 Hausner finds another solution. 763 00:50:34,683 --> 00:50:36,859 He drops a bombshell on the defense, 764 00:50:36,903 --> 00:50:39,819 shocking everyone in the courtroom 765 00:50:39,862 --> 00:50:43,127 by miraculously introducing copies of the actual transcripts 766 00:50:43,170 --> 00:50:45,955 that Sassen has made of his interviews with Eichmann. 767 00:50:49,002 --> 00:50:51,004 GIDEON HAUSNER I must inform the court 768 00:50:52,049 --> 00:50:56,262 that efforts were made to procure the transcript. 769 00:50:58,556 --> 00:51:01,225 And we have it. 770 00:51:03,311 --> 00:51:05,229 Not from Life Magazine. 771 00:51:08,191 --> 00:51:09,942 Is it a copy or…? 772 00:51:10,026 --> 00:51:13,821 It's a transcription. It's not brief. 773 00:51:13,905 --> 00:51:16,282 It's several hundreds of pages. 774 00:51:16,616 --> 00:51:19,535 We do not have the tape, but… 775 00:51:20,369 --> 00:51:23,331 there are also remarks by Eichmann 776 00:51:24,749 --> 00:51:26,501 in his handwriting. 777 00:51:29,545 --> 00:51:32,673 What he called 778 00:51:33,216 --> 00:51:34,759 "side notes. " 779 00:51:35,222 --> 00:51:38,486 DEBORAH LIPSTADT The transcripts of the tapes become available, 780 00:51:38,530 --> 00:51:41,185 and not just the transcripts, but the transcripts 781 00:51:41,228 --> 00:51:44,579 with corrections in Eichmann's handwriting. 782 00:51:46,668 --> 00:51:49,758 Because Sassen transcribed the tapes, 783 00:51:49,802 --> 00:51:51,804 gave them to Eichmann and said, "Go over them 784 00:51:51,847 --> 00:51:53,414 and see if there's anything wrong. " 785 00:51:54,241 --> 00:51:56,852 And you have his corrections in his handwriting. 786 00:51:57,940 --> 00:51:59,942 So this was firsthand evidence. 787 00:52:02,423 --> 00:52:05,252 When you want to sell such a document around the world, 788 00:52:05,296 --> 00:52:09,126 while everybody is talking about the issue of Nazis on the run, 789 00:52:09,169 --> 00:52:12,999 it's not such a smart idea to put thousands of pages in a heavy suitcase 790 00:52:13,042 --> 00:52:14,566 and take it for a trip. 791 00:52:16,437 --> 00:52:17,569 It's heavy! 792 00:52:20,137 --> 00:52:23,140 Nowadays, it can be a PDF file on our cellphones, 793 00:52:23,183 --> 00:52:26,317 but in those days, it was several kilos of luggage. 794 00:52:26,360 --> 00:52:29,058 Very noticeable, large, and heavy. 795 00:52:31,539 --> 00:52:33,193 It could have been stolen. 796 00:52:33,237 --> 00:52:36,065 So Sassen did what any smart person would do. 797 00:52:36,109 --> 00:52:38,981 He made copies, backup copies. 798 00:52:43,334 --> 00:52:46,989 That means he simply took pictures. 799 00:52:47,033 --> 00:52:49,383 One of these copies reaches Gideon Hausner, 800 00:52:49,427 --> 00:52:51,211 who never reveals how he obtained 801 00:52:51,255 --> 00:52:53,170 the transcripts of the Sassen recordings, 802 00:52:54,693 --> 00:52:56,825 taking the secret to his grave. 803 00:52:58,653 --> 00:53:01,178 But we do know that Nazi hunter Simon Wiesenthal 804 00:53:01,221 --> 00:53:03,310 was in touch with Hausner during the trial 805 00:53:03,354 --> 00:53:06,313 and may have assisted in procuring the evidence. 806 00:53:07,727 --> 00:53:12,398 In July 1945, I obtained from the Jewish Agency 807 00:53:12,481 --> 00:53:16,110 a wanted notice against Adolf Eichmann 808 00:53:16,360 --> 00:53:23,075 that proved that he was the main culprit for the mass murder of the Jews of Europe. 809 00:53:23,367 --> 00:53:27,413 After reading this notice and other documents, 810 00:53:27,496 --> 00:53:31,042 Eichmann was also, in my eyes, the murderer of my family. 811 00:53:35,908 --> 00:53:38,258 RENEÉ BIENERT Individuals like Simon Wiesenthal 812 00:53:38,302 --> 00:53:42,262 made those former Nazi criminals 813 00:53:43,089 --> 00:53:47,049 being concerned and not sleeping well, 814 00:53:47,093 --> 00:53:49,138 fearing of being uncovered. 815 00:53:50,531 --> 00:53:54,231 I heard this story that his landlady came 816 00:53:54,274 --> 00:53:56,972 and saw over his shoulder 817 00:53:57,016 --> 00:54:00,106 what documents he has on his desk 818 00:54:00,149 --> 00:54:01,716 and there was the name "Eichmann. " 819 00:54:02,587 --> 00:54:07,374 And she said, "Oh, Eichmann, I know his parents. 820 00:54:07,418 --> 00:54:11,465 They have their Electricity Store just around the corner. " 821 00:54:12,640 --> 00:54:16,688 Wiesenthal reveals that the transcripts reached the Eichmann family in Linz. 822 00:54:22,650 --> 00:54:24,957 So Eichmann was entitled to a copy, 823 00:54:25,000 --> 00:54:28,743 and Sassen brought this copy to Linz, to Eichmann's brother. 824 00:54:31,311 --> 00:54:35,054 And as far as we know, he kept it in his desk, 825 00:54:35,097 --> 00:54:37,099 where it remained for quite some time 826 00:54:38,144 --> 00:54:41,234 until it occurred to someone to break into Robert Eichmann's house 827 00:54:41,278 --> 00:54:42,931 and steal the document. 828 00:54:48,763 --> 00:54:52,071 There's a possibility that by this occasion 829 00:54:52,114 --> 00:54:54,813 Wiesenthal received one of these copies 830 00:54:54,856 --> 00:54:58,991 since, I mean, he was very well networked. 831 00:54:59,513 --> 00:55:01,994 You had Eichmann's handwritten notes. 832 00:55:02,037 --> 00:55:03,648 You had 80 something pages, 833 00:55:03,691 --> 00:55:06,651 so it was obvious that these were real. 834 00:55:06,694 --> 00:55:09,436 We didn't need tapes to justify that they were real. 835 00:55:10,219 --> 00:55:13,222 MOSHE LANDAU Mr. Hausner, when did the prosecution obtain this document? 836 00:55:16,522 --> 00:55:17,940 Approximately… 837 00:55:19,025 --> 00:55:21,402 It's hard to say… 838 00:55:22,278 --> 00:55:23,529 it's hard to say. 839 00:55:24,864 --> 00:55:26,782 - It's hard- - Because the question is 840 00:55:27,158 --> 00:55:29,410 what Your Honor calls the prosecution. 841 00:55:29,493 --> 00:55:32,830 If Your Honor is asking me when I obtained it? 842 00:55:32,913 --> 00:55:33,748 Yes. 843 00:55:33,831 --> 00:55:39,670 It arrived only three weeks ago. 844 00:55:41,547 --> 00:55:43,883 But it arrived in Israel beforehand. 845 00:55:44,300 --> 00:55:46,927 Please don't pressure me with questions. 846 00:55:49,911 --> 00:55:52,000 Hausner dodges the questions 847 00:55:52,044 --> 00:55:54,046 about how he got the transcripts. 848 00:55:55,264 --> 00:55:58,529 The evasiveness is calculated 849 00:55:58,572 --> 00:56:01,749 As he begins to realize his trial strategy may be starting 850 00:56:01,793 --> 00:56:04,361 to interfere with the secret Israeli nuclear agenda. 851 00:56:15,502 --> 00:56:19,376 On the next episode of The Devil's Confession: The Lost Eichmann Tapes... 852 00:56:19,419 --> 00:56:21,247 Can Eichmann and Servatsius find a way 853 00:56:21,290 --> 00:56:23,380 to keep the transcripts out of the trial 854 00:56:23,423 --> 00:56:25,817 or will the court allow them to be admitted as evidence? 855 00:56:27,079 --> 00:56:30,299 Eichmann plays full risk and is 100 percent sure 856 00:56:30,343 --> 00:56:32,040 that the tapes will never be heard. 857 00:56:32,954 --> 00:56:36,610 Because he knows what else is on these tapes. 858 00:56:36,654 --> 00:56:39,613 In the meantime, Hausner makes the historic decision 859 00:56:39,657 --> 00:56:42,355 to call to the witness stand Holocaust survivors... 860 00:56:42,399 --> 00:56:44,096 So they can directly confront Eichmann 861 00:56:44,139 --> 00:56:46,054 with the horrors he inflicted on them. 862 00:56:46,529 --> 00:56:48,864 They came from Lida - the Germans. 863 00:56:48,948 --> 00:56:54,662 I turned my head, he asked me whom to shoot first. 864 00:56:59,633 --> 00:57:03,550 As Hausner presses to get the tapes, he suddenly is confronted 865 00:57:03,594 --> 00:57:06,727 with the ghost of the Nuremberg trials. 866 00:57:06,771 --> 00:57:08,947 And even more secrets that the Israeli government 867 00:57:08,990 --> 00:57:10,818 would rather keep buried in the past. 868 00:57:14,431 --> 00:57:16,607 Gideon Hausner's great fear 869 00:57:16,650 --> 00:57:21,046 was that quarrels amongst the Jews would enter into this trial. 870 00:57:21,089 --> 00:57:23,788 As the trial continues, will Hausner be able 871 00:57:23,831 --> 00:57:25,964 to overcome these mounting obstacles? 67812

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