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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:02,655 --> 00:00:04,758 SHATNER: Subterranean cities, 2 00:00:04,862 --> 00:00:06,827 hidden from human eyes. 3 00:00:06,931 --> 00:00:10,896 Mysterious tombs, 4 00:00:11,000 --> 00:00:14,172 where mourners could speak directly to the dead. 5 00:00:14,275 --> 00:00:18,172 And caves filled with giant crystals 6 00:00:18,275 --> 00:00:22,068 that are as beautiful as they are deadly. 7 00:00:24,448 --> 00:00:28,758 For centuries, mankind has wondered, 8 00:00:28,862 --> 00:00:31,310 what lies deep beneath our feet? 9 00:00:31,413 --> 00:00:35,896 Is there a subterranean world filled with mystery and danger? 10 00:00:36,000 --> 00:00:40,034 Or one that hides untold riches? 11 00:00:40,137 --> 00:00:44,000 Perhaps even the secrets of the universe? 12 00:00:44,103 --> 00:00:48,758 Well, that is what we'll try and find out. 13 00:00:48,862 --> 00:00:51,000 ♪ 14 00:01:08,551 --> 00:01:11,241 Bordered by the Black Sea to the north 15 00:01:11,344 --> 00:01:14,758 and by the Taurus Mountains to the south, 16 00:01:14,862 --> 00:01:18,793 lies the craggy regions of Cappadocia. 17 00:01:18,896 --> 00:01:24,448 Here, wind, water, and time have sculpted the volcanic rocks 18 00:01:24,551 --> 00:01:29,551 into bizarre and almost surreal shapes. 19 00:01:29,655 --> 00:01:32,793 But believe it or not, the most unusual thing 20 00:01:32,896 --> 00:01:36,310 that was ever discovered in this otherworldly landscape 21 00:01:36,413 --> 00:01:40,620 was found not above ground, but far below. 22 00:01:42,965 --> 00:01:46,517 In 1963, during a simple home renovation 23 00:01:46,620 --> 00:01:48,586 in the town of Derinkuyu, 24 00:01:48,689 --> 00:01:53,482 a cave wall was punctured, revealing a passageway 25 00:01:53,586 --> 00:01:56,655 to what appeared to be an intricate underground city, 26 00:01:56,758 --> 00:02:01,758 thousands of years old and more than 280 feet deep. 27 00:02:04,137 --> 00:02:06,551 Derinkuyu is a pretty amazing story, 28 00:02:06,655 --> 00:02:08,103 'cause just imagine that you're working 29 00:02:08,206 --> 00:02:09,310 in your basement one day. 30 00:02:09,413 --> 00:02:10,482 You knock a hole in the wall, 31 00:02:10,586 --> 00:02:14,689 and what you find is a city that is, 32 00:02:14,793 --> 00:02:17,896 it's sort of the size of a-a really large castle, 33 00:02:18,000 --> 00:02:19,862 but it's actually underground. 34 00:02:19,965 --> 00:02:21,931 Uh, and it was done in a time 35 00:02:22,034 --> 00:02:24,275 before there was really any mechanical means 36 00:02:24,379 --> 00:02:26,620 to provide water or ventilation, 37 00:02:26,724 --> 00:02:28,517 or any of those things. 38 00:02:28,620 --> 00:02:33,137 ANDREW COLLINS: The only thing on the surface that you can see 39 00:02:33,241 --> 00:02:36,034 are what appear to be wells. 40 00:02:36,137 --> 00:02:38,896 As you approach Derinkuyu, 41 00:02:39,000 --> 00:02:41,482 you would certainly not be aware 42 00:02:41,586 --> 00:02:44,896 that you were walking over the position 43 00:02:45,000 --> 00:02:46,448 of an underground city. 44 00:02:46,551 --> 00:02:50,448 It would have been the home for thousands of people 45 00:02:50,551 --> 00:02:55,275 at a time at some point in the distant past. 46 00:02:55,379 --> 00:02:58,379 SHATNER: Home to thousands? 47 00:02:58,482 --> 00:03:00,931 It seems hard to believe that an entire city 48 00:03:01,034 --> 00:03:03,620 could actually exist underground. 49 00:03:03,724 --> 00:03:08,724 And yet, experts claim that Derinkuyu housed 50 00:03:08,827 --> 00:03:11,517 an estimated 20,000 men, women, and children 51 00:03:11,620 --> 00:03:15,413 and included religious centers, storerooms, and living rooms. 52 00:03:15,517 --> 00:03:17,137 But how? 53 00:03:20,448 --> 00:03:23,965 MICHAEL DENNIN: Derinkuyu appears to be a combination of 54 00:03:24,068 --> 00:03:26,103 leveraging natural cave systems, 55 00:03:26,206 --> 00:03:28,931 and then building in human technology to connect it. 56 00:03:29,034 --> 00:03:32,310 And one of the things that's fascinating about this 57 00:03:32,413 --> 00:03:34,275 is the ventilation system, 58 00:03:34,379 --> 00:03:36,965 because here you're really just worried about getting air in, 59 00:03:37,068 --> 00:03:39,965 and waste like CO2 and air out. 60 00:03:40,068 --> 00:03:41,310 You're gonna be able to store water. 61 00:03:41,413 --> 00:03:42,586 If you think about how much fresh water 62 00:03:42,689 --> 00:03:44,137 is already naturally underground, 63 00:03:44,241 --> 00:03:46,517 we're constantly digging down to get to wells, 64 00:03:46,620 --> 00:03:47,620 but if you're already underground, 65 00:03:47,724 --> 00:03:49,310 the wells are right there. 66 00:03:49,413 --> 00:03:52,931 So you have the possibility of great fresh water sources. 67 00:03:54,655 --> 00:03:57,172 SHATNER: Many archeologists and scholars 68 00:03:57,275 --> 00:03:59,827 claim that Derinkuyu was most likely built 69 00:03:59,931 --> 00:04:02,448 around 800 BC by the Phrygians, 70 00:04:02,551 --> 00:04:05,655 a Bronze Age people related to the Trojans, 71 00:04:05,758 --> 00:04:08,620 and was intended to serve as a temporary shelter 72 00:04:08,724 --> 00:04:10,482 from invasion. 73 00:04:10,586 --> 00:04:14,620 But others believe it was built by the Hittites, 74 00:04:14,724 --> 00:04:16,758 a warrior people mentioned in the Bible, 75 00:04:16,862 --> 00:04:20,931 who flourished a few hundred years before that. 76 00:04:21,034 --> 00:04:25,482 BURROWS: This is in a place that's had multiple wars. 77 00:04:25,586 --> 00:04:27,172 There's conflict taking place all the time. 78 00:04:27,275 --> 00:04:28,448 And when you're above ground, 79 00:04:28,551 --> 00:04:30,310 people can see you for miles. 80 00:04:30,413 --> 00:04:33,034 You know, each night you're lighting fires 81 00:04:33,137 --> 00:04:35,206 to get some light inside the space. 82 00:04:35,310 --> 00:04:37,758 And so, that can be seen from 20 miles or more. 83 00:04:37,862 --> 00:04:42,000 Once they go below ground, they're invisible. 84 00:04:42,103 --> 00:04:46,103 JOHN BRANDENBERG: It has, uh, massive stones that can be lowered 85 00:04:46,206 --> 00:04:49,586 to block passageways that human beings 86 00:04:49,689 --> 00:04:51,758 can only go through in single file, 87 00:04:51,862 --> 00:04:53,586 making it very easy to defend. 88 00:04:53,689 --> 00:04:56,551 There are also rumors that it is connected 89 00:04:56,655 --> 00:05:01,620 by a vast tunnel system going many, many kilometers 90 00:05:01,724 --> 00:05:05,379 to other underground cities in the neighborhood. 91 00:05:05,482 --> 00:05:08,344 So, it had emergency escape routes. 92 00:05:08,448 --> 00:05:11,931 So the whole thing was a quite remarkable 93 00:05:12,034 --> 00:05:15,103 subterranean fortress. 94 00:05:15,206 --> 00:05:18,310 SHATNER: While there is evidence to suggest 95 00:05:18,413 --> 00:05:21,103 that several different cultures have used Derinkuyu 96 00:05:21,206 --> 00:05:22,862 as a fortified sanctuary 97 00:05:22,965 --> 00:05:24,517 in the centuries that have passed 98 00:05:24,620 --> 00:05:27,000 since its initial construction, 99 00:05:27,103 --> 00:05:30,379 some researchers have theorized that it is much, much older 100 00:05:30,482 --> 00:05:34,344 than mainstream archeologists think. 101 00:05:34,448 --> 00:05:36,000 And that its original architects 102 00:05:36,103 --> 00:05:40,310 had an even bigger threat in mind when they built it. 103 00:05:40,413 --> 00:05:45,137 COLLINS: The curator of Derinkuyu in Cappadocia, 104 00:05:45,241 --> 00:05:49,758 Omer Demir, had found the evidence suggesting 105 00:05:49,862 --> 00:05:52,482 that each of the different stories or levels 106 00:05:52,586 --> 00:05:54,206 would seem to have been constructed 107 00:05:54,310 --> 00:05:57,206 by different cultures at different times. 108 00:05:57,310 --> 00:05:59,482 And what he found was incredible. 109 00:05:59,586 --> 00:06:02,551 For he discovered that there were tools, 110 00:06:02,655 --> 00:06:05,379 stone tools here, that dated back 111 00:06:05,482 --> 00:06:07,172 to Paleolithic times. 112 00:06:07,275 --> 00:06:10,793 The implications of this are enormous, 113 00:06:10,896 --> 00:06:14,241 because what this suggests is that Derinkuyu goes back 114 00:06:14,344 --> 00:06:17,793 at least 12,000 years, 115 00:06:17,896 --> 00:06:22,310 and was present at the end of the last Ice Age; 116 00:06:22,413 --> 00:06:28,275 and may well have been a place where our ancestors 117 00:06:28,379 --> 00:06:32,137 sought refuge at the time of a cataclysm, 118 00:06:32,241 --> 00:06:35,000 a cataclysm that may well have devastated 119 00:06:35,103 --> 00:06:36,862 large parts of the Earth 120 00:06:36,965 --> 00:06:40,758 at the very end of the Paleolithic era. 121 00:06:40,862 --> 00:06:44,206 SHATNER: A cataclysm? 122 00:06:44,310 --> 00:06:46,517 Could it be that the original inhabitants 123 00:06:46,620 --> 00:06:51,103 of Derinkuyu built it as a shelter to protect them 124 00:06:51,206 --> 00:06:54,310 during the Earth's last great Ice Age? 125 00:06:54,413 --> 00:06:56,689 A time when the Earth's climate was estimated to be 126 00:06:56,793 --> 00:06:59,793 more than 10 degrees colder than it is now? 127 00:06:59,896 --> 00:07:02,724 So cold that hardly anything could grow, 128 00:07:02,827 --> 00:07:06,551 or even survive, above ground? 129 00:07:06,655 --> 00:07:09,344 DENNIN: When you build your city underground, 130 00:07:09,448 --> 00:07:12,551 you get two major off-the-top advantages, 131 00:07:12,655 --> 00:07:14,275 one sort of environmental. 132 00:07:14,379 --> 00:07:16,413 You're gonna have great thermal properties. 133 00:07:16,517 --> 00:07:18,000 It's gonna be cool when you need it to be cool, 134 00:07:18,103 --> 00:07:19,896 but it won't get too cold, 135 00:07:20,000 --> 00:07:23,689 so it'll be kind of warm enough when you need it to be warm. 136 00:07:23,793 --> 00:07:26,758 Thinking about when this was built and inhabited 137 00:07:26,862 --> 00:07:30,000 really remains this exciting, mysterious, open question. 138 00:07:30,103 --> 00:07:32,965 Even this idea of other cities underground, 139 00:07:33,068 --> 00:07:34,379 like, how common was that 140 00:07:34,482 --> 00:07:37,137 for humans to build their homes underground, 141 00:07:37,241 --> 00:07:39,310 versus on the surface of the ground? 142 00:07:39,413 --> 00:07:42,620 Derinkuyu was rediscovered 143 00:07:42,724 --> 00:07:45,620 during the 1960s by accident. 144 00:07:45,724 --> 00:07:47,827 And there are still areas of it 145 00:07:47,931 --> 00:07:49,965 that have not been explored to this day. 146 00:07:50,068 --> 00:07:54,137 So the implications of this are incredible. 147 00:07:54,241 --> 00:07:56,344 It does feel like we've just really 148 00:07:56,448 --> 00:07:58,896 scratched the surface of what could be below us. 149 00:07:59,000 --> 00:08:00,275 There could be much more. 150 00:08:00,379 --> 00:08:04,344 There could be many more of these cave systems in Turkey. 151 00:08:04,448 --> 00:08:06,034 So there's mysteries still to be found 152 00:08:06,137 --> 00:08:07,758 deep within the Earth. 153 00:08:09,896 --> 00:08:13,068 SHATNER: The truth is, we may never know for sure why, 154 00:08:13,172 --> 00:08:16,137 or even how these ancient underground cities were built. 155 00:08:16,241 --> 00:08:19,034 And that's especially true in the case of Derinkuyu; 156 00:08:19,137 --> 00:08:22,931 because the secrets of its construction techniques 157 00:08:23,034 --> 00:08:27,931 seem to have disappeared, along with whoever built it. 158 00:08:28,034 --> 00:08:31,620 BURROWS: Even today, with all of the modern technology 159 00:08:31,724 --> 00:08:34,482 that we have, it would be incredibly complicated 160 00:08:34,586 --> 00:08:37,344 and a massive undertaking to do something like that. 161 00:08:37,448 --> 00:08:39,103 And sometimes, we look at these ancient marvels, 162 00:08:39,206 --> 00:08:42,206 and we try and figure out, could we build that today, 163 00:08:42,310 --> 00:08:43,724 to that level of accuracy, 164 00:08:43,827 --> 00:08:46,241 that sort of quality of construction 165 00:08:46,344 --> 00:08:47,655 in that amount of time? 166 00:08:47,758 --> 00:08:50,206 And the answer's no, which is pretty amazing 167 00:08:50,310 --> 00:08:53,931 that several thousand years later, they're better than us. 168 00:08:54,034 --> 00:08:58,275 SHATNER: Is it possible the builders of Derinkuyu 169 00:08:58,379 --> 00:09:00,448 knew something we don't? 170 00:09:00,551 --> 00:09:02,689 Not merely about constructing cities 171 00:09:02,793 --> 00:09:04,586 deep within the Earth, 172 00:09:04,689 --> 00:09:07,344 but about humanity's need for such refuges 173 00:09:07,448 --> 00:09:09,758 in order to survive? 174 00:09:09,862 --> 00:09:13,620 It's a fascinating, and perhaps, slightly unnerving prospect. 175 00:09:13,724 --> 00:09:17,620 Not unlike another underground structure, 176 00:09:17,724 --> 00:09:21,275 one that exists in order to maintain communication 177 00:09:21,379 --> 00:09:24,620 after the end of civilization itself. 178 00:09:30,931 --> 00:09:33,551 NICK REDFERN: In the event of an attack, it's believed the United States 179 00:09:33,655 --> 00:09:36,655 it's not difficult to believe the United States government 180 00:09:36,758 --> 00:09:38,689 has a closet full of secrets. 181 00:09:38,793 --> 00:09:42,931 But what could be so secret that they feel the need 182 00:09:43,034 --> 00:09:47,000 to keep it hidden so far underground? 183 00:09:47,103 --> 00:09:52,310 Area 51 is the world's most secret installation. 184 00:09:52,413 --> 00:09:55,793 Historically, we know that it was used 185 00:09:55,896 --> 00:09:59,137 for the testing of early spy planes, 186 00:09:59,241 --> 00:10:04,517 like the U-2 and the SR-71 Blackbird. 187 00:10:04,620 --> 00:10:07,655 A number of whistleblowers have come forward 188 00:10:07,758 --> 00:10:10,724 claiming to have seen levels up to about 189 00:10:10,827 --> 00:10:14,068 seven or eight levels, um, deep below the desert, 190 00:10:14,172 --> 00:10:18,551 protecting whatever's really going on at Area 51. 191 00:10:20,379 --> 00:10:25,034 TAYLOR: If there are these large tunnels and pathways under Area 51, 192 00:10:25,137 --> 00:10:28,310 so many people would have to cooperate in building it 193 00:10:28,413 --> 00:10:29,931 that'd be difficult keeping it a secret. 194 00:10:30,034 --> 00:10:32,448 But you could also ask the question, 195 00:10:32,551 --> 00:10:35,862 when was the last time you paid any attention 196 00:10:35,965 --> 00:10:38,241 to a new subway tunnel being, uh, constructed 197 00:10:38,344 --> 00:10:39,724 under the city in which you live? 198 00:10:39,827 --> 00:10:42,724 You probably never paid attention to it. 199 00:10:42,827 --> 00:10:44,931 So, it could be built right under your nose 200 00:10:45,034 --> 00:10:47,862 and you would never know it-- or care, for that matter. 201 00:10:52,689 --> 00:10:55,137 SHATNER: Deep beneath these snowy peaks, 202 00:10:55,241 --> 00:10:58,655 encased within thousands of tons of solid granite, 203 00:10:58,758 --> 00:11:02,241 lies the most sophisticated and impenetrable 204 00:11:02,344 --> 00:11:06,137 military installation in the world. 205 00:11:06,241 --> 00:11:09,689 The Cheyenne Mountain Complex was built, uh, in the '60s 206 00:11:09,793 --> 00:11:12,137 and was operational in 1967. 207 00:11:12,241 --> 00:11:16,206 And the idea was that you have all of your information 208 00:11:16,310 --> 00:11:18,862 for our national missile defense 209 00:11:18,965 --> 00:11:22,827 and offense capabilities to be operated from there. 210 00:11:22,931 --> 00:11:26,862 So it had to be able to withstand major natural 211 00:11:26,965 --> 00:11:30,758 and man-made disasters such as a nuclear attack. 212 00:11:30,862 --> 00:11:34,034 So, the Air Force and Army and Navy, 213 00:11:34,137 --> 00:11:37,379 all of the services, they were in there. 214 00:11:37,482 --> 00:11:42,310 Basically, it was the nexus of our Cold War defense center. 215 00:11:42,413 --> 00:11:47,482 REDFERN: The Cold War was at its height, and for that reason, 216 00:11:47,586 --> 00:11:51,241 it demonstrated why we had the need 217 00:11:51,344 --> 00:11:56,000 to have these kind of facilities deeply below ground, 218 00:11:56,103 --> 00:12:01,448 to allow them to hopefully survive a nuclear attack 219 00:12:01,551 --> 00:12:04,241 if the worst scenario ever happened. 220 00:12:06,241 --> 00:12:08,586 SHATNER: Originally built for a staggering cost 221 00:12:08,689 --> 00:12:13,448 of almost $150 million, or over one billion today, 222 00:12:13,551 --> 00:12:18,551 the Cheyenne Mountain Complex spans an incredible five acres 223 00:12:18,655 --> 00:12:21,862 and contains 13 three-story buildings 224 00:12:21,965 --> 00:12:24,896 capable of housing up to 2,000 personnel, 225 00:12:25,000 --> 00:12:28,620 independent power, heating and cooling systems, 226 00:12:28,724 --> 00:12:31,793 a lake that serves as a reservoir 227 00:12:31,896 --> 00:12:36,241 and 25-ton blast doors capable of withstanding the force 228 00:12:36,344 --> 00:12:40,137 of a 30-megaton nuclear explosion. 229 00:12:40,241 --> 00:12:43,241 TAYLOR: If there was a nuclear attack, a direct hit, 230 00:12:43,344 --> 00:12:45,413 Cheyenne Mountain was deep enough 231 00:12:45,517 --> 00:12:47,758 that you would not be dry-roasted. 232 00:12:47,862 --> 00:12:49,862 You would survive the heat. 233 00:12:49,965 --> 00:12:53,275 Then you got gamma rays and radioactive fallout, 234 00:12:53,379 --> 00:12:56,965 but the best protection is material. 235 00:12:57,068 --> 00:12:59,103 Dirt, earth, rocks. 236 00:12:59,206 --> 00:13:01,862 All these things are gonna protect you from that. 237 00:13:01,965 --> 00:13:04,586 SHATNER: The Cheyenne Mountain Complex 238 00:13:04,689 --> 00:13:06,344 was so central 239 00:13:06,448 --> 00:13:08,482 to the United States government's survival plans 240 00:13:08,586 --> 00:13:10,448 that they eventually realized 241 00:13:10,551 --> 00:13:15,379 it may not actually be a good idea for it to be so isolated. 242 00:13:15,482 --> 00:13:18,241 Let's say, in a worst-case scenario, 243 00:13:18,344 --> 00:13:23,000 that Washington D.C. gets taken out by a nuclear weapon. 244 00:13:23,103 --> 00:13:26,344 Well, one of the theories is that the president and all 245 00:13:26,448 --> 00:13:31,896 of his staff would quickly be taken to the Denver Airport. 246 00:13:32,000 --> 00:13:37,068 The Denver Airport not being too far from Cheyenne Mountain, 247 00:13:37,172 --> 00:13:41,689 it would make great sense to have a tunnel rail system 248 00:13:41,793 --> 00:13:45,931 deep below the nation which potentially could go 249 00:13:46,034 --> 00:13:50,379 from Cheyenne Mountain straight through to the Denver Airport. 250 00:13:50,482 --> 00:13:52,206 When they were building that airport, 251 00:13:52,310 --> 00:13:53,586 there was this massive-- 252 00:13:53,689 --> 00:13:56,379 and I mean massive-- hole in the ground. 253 00:13:56,482 --> 00:13:58,689 And buildings were going up in there. 254 00:13:58,793 --> 00:14:01,172 Buildings that, all of a sudden, you know, 255 00:14:01,275 --> 00:14:03,551 you-you didn't see them when the airport was finished. 256 00:14:03,655 --> 00:14:05,931 And their answer to that was, "Well, 257 00:14:06,034 --> 00:14:08,275 "the buildings were incorrect, and we had such a big hole, 258 00:14:08,379 --> 00:14:10,896 we just covered them over and kept building." 259 00:14:11,000 --> 00:14:13,034 W-Who would buy that? 260 00:14:13,137 --> 00:14:18,931 REDFERN: When the airport was being constructed in 1995, 261 00:14:19,034 --> 00:14:23,931 some of the staff who were working on the facility itself, 262 00:14:24,034 --> 00:14:26,379 construction staff, engineers, 263 00:14:26,482 --> 00:14:29,793 they claimed to have seen what appeared to be 264 00:14:29,896 --> 00:14:34,448 large tunneling devices, and also, large tunnels, 265 00:14:34,551 --> 00:14:37,586 which shouldn't really have been there. 266 00:14:37,689 --> 00:14:42,862 A lot of people theorize that there is something to this deal 267 00:14:42,965 --> 00:14:45,793 about Denver Airport because an airport 268 00:14:45,896 --> 00:14:49,793 is an extremely secure location on the surface. 269 00:14:49,896 --> 00:14:52,275 You can't just walk in and go anywhere you want. 270 00:14:52,379 --> 00:14:55,931 That's good if you're hiding stuff underground. 271 00:14:57,655 --> 00:15:00,862 SHATNER: Could the United States government actually be operating 272 00:15:00,965 --> 00:15:04,862 a top-secret tunnel system whose epicenter is beneath 273 00:15:04,965 --> 00:15:06,448 one of the largest transportation hubs 274 00:15:06,551 --> 00:15:07,965 in the country? 275 00:15:08,068 --> 00:15:12,344 According to some experts, the answer is yes. 276 00:15:12,448 --> 00:15:17,206 And that may only be the tip of the proverbial iceberg. 277 00:15:17,310 --> 00:15:21,620 REDFERN: For strategic means, it's believed the United States 278 00:15:21,724 --> 00:15:25,689 has numerous underground facilities 279 00:15:25,793 --> 00:15:28,068 which, essentially, have been bored out 280 00:15:28,172 --> 00:15:32,206 with these gigantic boring machines to create tunnels 281 00:15:32,310 --> 00:15:36,931 to essentially take people all across the United States 282 00:15:37,034 --> 00:15:39,724 in the event of an attack. 283 00:15:39,827 --> 00:15:43,275 We're talking about trains deep under the surface 284 00:15:43,379 --> 00:15:46,620 to essentially go from the east coast to the west coast 285 00:15:46,724 --> 00:15:48,379 to the north to the south 286 00:15:48,482 --> 00:15:54,862 to hide from the attacks that might be going on. 287 00:15:54,965 --> 00:15:57,655 There has been a great advance, just in civilian 288 00:15:57,758 --> 00:16:01,344 and openly-known abilities to dig tunnels. 289 00:16:01,448 --> 00:16:04,379 This is being taken advantage of by Elon Musk 290 00:16:04,482 --> 00:16:07,793 and his Hyperloop concept, that we can create 291 00:16:07,896 --> 00:16:12,275 long-distance underground transportation systems. 292 00:16:12,379 --> 00:16:15,379 So we can only imagine what has been accomplished 293 00:16:15,482 --> 00:16:19,862 in the secretive world of the U.S. military. 294 00:16:21,241 --> 00:16:24,551 SHATNER: But as profound and disturbing as is the notion 295 00:16:24,655 --> 00:16:29,241 of a vast network of underground bases and secret tunnels, 296 00:16:29,344 --> 00:16:31,793 there are some underground worlds that are formed 297 00:16:31,896 --> 00:16:35,655 not by man but by nature. 298 00:16:35,758 --> 00:16:38,551 And in at least one case, 299 00:16:38,655 --> 00:16:41,965 the formation is so beautiful 300 00:16:42,068 --> 00:16:45,758 that it's easy to forget that, just like mankind, 301 00:16:45,862 --> 00:16:50,034 Mother Nature can also be deadly. 302 00:16:59,793 --> 00:17:02,448 TAYLOR: FIn the mineral-rich towne gotten aof Naica,they are, 303 00:17:02,551 --> 00:17:05,724 more than 1,000 feet below the surface of the Earth, 304 00:17:05,827 --> 00:17:08,482 a group of miners drilling through a cave wall 305 00:17:08,586 --> 00:17:11,448 make a remarkable discovery. 306 00:17:11,551 --> 00:17:13,827 Not of precious metals, 307 00:17:13,931 --> 00:17:17,896 but something far more wonderous and mysterious. 308 00:17:20,000 --> 00:17:24,896 A glittering cavern, untouched for half a million years, 309 00:17:25,000 --> 00:17:27,655 filled with the largest crystals ever found. 310 00:17:27,758 --> 00:17:29,724 TAYLOR: It's amazing. 311 00:17:29,827 --> 00:17:33,103 There are crystals that are huge. 312 00:17:33,206 --> 00:17:35,034 So big you can actually walk across them. 313 00:17:35,137 --> 00:17:38,310 And for these crystals to have gotten as big as they are, 314 00:17:38,413 --> 00:17:39,689 they had to have been growing for hundreds 315 00:17:39,793 --> 00:17:42,586 of thousands of years. 316 00:17:42,689 --> 00:17:45,310 It's a fascinating location. 317 00:17:45,413 --> 00:17:49,724 This is something you would think would only exist 318 00:17:49,827 --> 00:17:53,137 in the world of science fiction and fantasy, 319 00:17:53,241 --> 00:17:57,448 but the fact is, it's all too real. 320 00:17:59,413 --> 00:18:03,137 SHATNER: Measuring up to an astonishing 40 feet in length 321 00:18:03,241 --> 00:18:07,517 and weighing as much as 55 tons, the giant beams 322 00:18:07,620 --> 00:18:12,310 are the purest form of selenite crystal in the world. 323 00:18:12,413 --> 00:18:16,482 Crystals are the most orderly structure in nature, 324 00:18:16,586 --> 00:18:21,448 and they have the ability to absorb frequency and energy 325 00:18:21,551 --> 00:18:23,689 from objects around them. 326 00:18:23,793 --> 00:18:30,482 Now, it is my theory that these giant pylons have the ability 327 00:18:30,586 --> 00:18:34,827 to transmit and receive information and light. 328 00:18:34,931 --> 00:18:40,344 SHATNER: Only a few months after its discovery, a team of scientists 329 00:18:40,448 --> 00:18:44,931 was sent in to study this geological anomaly. 330 00:18:45,034 --> 00:18:48,551 They soon learned that Naica's Crystal Cave may be 331 00:18:48,655 --> 00:18:52,586 not only beautiful but deadly. 332 00:18:52,689 --> 00:18:57,827 TAYLOR: It's 90% to 100% relative humidity inside this cave. 333 00:18:57,931 --> 00:19:01,379 And it's always over 113 degrees Fahrenheit. 334 00:19:01,482 --> 00:19:03,724 You might think, "Well, 113 degrees isn't that bad. 335 00:19:03,827 --> 00:19:05,413 "It gets 140 degrees 336 00:19:05,517 --> 00:19:08,517 in the deserts in Iraq all the time and people live there," 337 00:19:08,620 --> 00:19:12,344 but the relative humidity in those deserts is 10%. 338 00:19:12,448 --> 00:19:15,689 In this cave, there's so much humidity, 339 00:19:15,793 --> 00:19:19,034 you can't sweat and cool your body off. 340 00:19:20,379 --> 00:19:23,448 HUTCHISON: I received an invitation to go 341 00:19:23,551 --> 00:19:28,172 on an expedition and exploration of these giant crystals. 342 00:19:28,275 --> 00:19:31,724 I was aware of the heat and humidity, 343 00:19:31,827 --> 00:19:33,448 but nothing prepared me 344 00:19:33,551 --> 00:19:37,241 for what hit me when I entered those caves. 345 00:19:37,344 --> 00:19:41,034 I felt like I was hit by a tsunami 346 00:19:41,137 --> 00:19:45,172 of tremendous heat and humidity. 347 00:19:45,275 --> 00:19:48,862 I started shaking, I was scared. 348 00:19:48,965 --> 00:19:52,000 These are near-fatal conditions. 349 00:19:52,103 --> 00:19:55,724 SHATNER: Due to the Crystal Cave's lethal atmosphere, 350 00:19:55,827 --> 00:19:57,689 the research team was restricted 351 00:19:57,793 --> 00:20:01,620 to ten-minute exposures to avoid being cooked alive. 352 00:20:01,724 --> 00:20:06,000 For gemologist Leela Hutchinson, the most unexpected discovery 353 00:20:06,103 --> 00:20:10,827 wasn't something she saw but something she heard. 354 00:20:10,931 --> 00:20:16,068 HUTCHISON: One of the things that I realized as I had to focus 355 00:20:16,172 --> 00:20:20,724 so intensely to keep my wits about me, 356 00:20:20,827 --> 00:20:25,379 was this ability to hear a low hum. 357 00:20:25,482 --> 00:20:27,344 [low hum sounding] 358 00:20:30,551 --> 00:20:32,931 And I thought that was very strange. 359 00:20:33,034 --> 00:20:34,758 I didn't know if it was the machinery 360 00:20:34,862 --> 00:20:37,137 that were in the tunnels 361 00:20:37,241 --> 00:20:41,137 or if it was something that might be in the cave itself. 362 00:20:42,551 --> 00:20:46,379 And later I realized, could this have been 363 00:20:46,482 --> 00:20:50,689 extremely low-frequency resonating in there? 364 00:20:50,793 --> 00:20:53,551 Nikola Tesla was quoted as once saying 365 00:20:53,655 --> 00:20:57,068 that "we may not understand the growth of a crystal, 366 00:20:57,172 --> 00:21:02,103 but nonetheless, it is a living being." 367 00:21:03,448 --> 00:21:08,068 SHATNER: Energy from living, giant crystals? 368 00:21:08,172 --> 00:21:10,862 In an attempt to navigate the unusual properties 369 00:21:10,965 --> 00:21:13,827 of the crystals within the Naica cave, 370 00:21:13,931 --> 00:21:16,620 NASA developed special cooling equipment 371 00:21:16,724 --> 00:21:20,241 allowing scientists to withstand the cave's lethal conditions 372 00:21:20,344 --> 00:21:23,137 for as much as 30 minutes at a time. 373 00:21:23,241 --> 00:21:28,413 And according to their research, the hum emanating 374 00:21:28,517 --> 00:21:31,379 from the Crystal Cave may not be because its crystals 375 00:21:31,482 --> 00:21:34,758 are storing energy, but because they're harboring 376 00:21:34,862 --> 00:21:39,241 something even more unexpected: life. 377 00:21:39,344 --> 00:21:43,517 HUTCHINSON: In the 2008 expedition, the NASA scientists 378 00:21:43,620 --> 00:21:47,689 went into the caves and drew out fluid inclusions 379 00:21:47,793 --> 00:21:49,793 in the largest crystals, 380 00:21:49,896 --> 00:21:55,862 and found microbes that are considered to be extremophiles. 381 00:21:55,965 --> 00:21:59,310 Microbes that are living organisms. 382 00:21:59,413 --> 00:22:03,551 They're single-celled, and they have the ability 383 00:22:03,655 --> 00:22:07,931 to survive and thrive in extreme environments. 384 00:22:08,034 --> 00:22:13,206 One of the interesting things about the extremophiles was 385 00:22:13,310 --> 00:22:15,482 there is nothing in our genetic database 386 00:22:15,586 --> 00:22:20,413 that comes close to what these extremophiles are. 387 00:22:22,379 --> 00:22:26,379 SHATNER: Microbes unlike anything seen on Earth. 388 00:22:26,482 --> 00:22:30,586 NASA's astrobiology report suggests these extremophiles 389 00:22:30,689 --> 00:22:33,068 are up to 50,000 years old, 390 00:22:33,172 --> 00:22:35,517 and could survive on other planets. 391 00:22:35,620 --> 00:22:39,068 But many wonder: is there a risk involved in handling 392 00:22:39,172 --> 00:22:42,482 these never-before-seen organisms? 393 00:22:42,586 --> 00:22:46,310 The Cave of the Crystals can be a dangerous place. 394 00:22:47,965 --> 00:22:50,379 For example, not long after it was found, 395 00:22:50,482 --> 00:22:54,655 one of the workers actually snuck back into the cave. 396 00:22:54,758 --> 00:22:58,758 Not surprisingly, he passed out and died. 397 00:23:00,413 --> 00:23:04,241 Now, it's unclear if he died from the air quality, 398 00:23:04,344 --> 00:23:06,172 the heat, the humidity. 399 00:23:06,275 --> 00:23:08,793 Or could it have been the extremophile microorganisms 400 00:23:08,896 --> 00:23:10,827 that were in there? 401 00:23:12,793 --> 00:23:15,620 Will we ever find out whether the giant crystals 402 00:23:15,724 --> 00:23:19,034 in the Naica cave hold the key to understanding 403 00:23:19,137 --> 00:23:22,068 the origins of life? 404 00:23:22,172 --> 00:23:25,379 Or is this one underground mystery that is simply 405 00:23:25,482 --> 00:23:29,827 too dangerous for us to investigate? 406 00:23:29,931 --> 00:23:32,413 Perhaps. 407 00:23:32,517 --> 00:23:35,896 But not all underground worlds are meant to help us understand 408 00:23:36,000 --> 00:23:37,586 the mysteries of life. 409 00:23:37,689 --> 00:23:40,827 Some actually appear to be constructed 410 00:23:40,931 --> 00:23:44,137 to bring us closer... 411 00:23:44,241 --> 00:23:47,827 to what happens to us after we die. 412 00:23:56,000 --> 00:23:57,896 SHATNER: While excavating an areaLINDA ENEIX: It's extraordinary. 413 00:23:58,000 --> 00:24:00,310 for a new housing development 414 00:24:00,413 --> 00:24:03,620 just off the eastern coast of this tiny Mediterranean island, 415 00:24:03,724 --> 00:24:07,482 construction workers encounter something unexpected 416 00:24:07,586 --> 00:24:10,344 and quite unusual beneath their work site. 417 00:24:10,448 --> 00:24:16,103 A prehistoric structure, hewn from solid limestone, 418 00:24:16,206 --> 00:24:20,103 dating back more than 5,000 years. 419 00:24:20,206 --> 00:24:24,137 Upon further inspection, archaeologists soon realize 420 00:24:24,241 --> 00:24:27,137 that what the unwitting workers have unearthed 421 00:24:27,241 --> 00:24:29,758 isn't merely a lost underground temple 422 00:24:29,862 --> 00:24:31,310 or ancient sanctuary, 423 00:24:31,413 --> 00:24:36,103 but a massive subterranean necropolis. 424 00:24:36,206 --> 00:24:42,000 The Hypogeum of Hal Saflieni. 425 00:24:42,103 --> 00:24:44,965 The Malta Hypogeum is an architectural wonder 426 00:24:45,068 --> 00:24:46,620 of the ancient world. 427 00:24:46,724 --> 00:24:51,103 It was carved using primarily stone and bone tools 428 00:24:51,206 --> 00:24:53,206 by an ancient population that lived on Malta 429 00:24:53,310 --> 00:24:55,344 thousands of years ago. 430 00:24:55,448 --> 00:25:01,758 So, it's actually older than the pyramids of Egypt or Stonehenge. 431 00:25:01,862 --> 00:25:04,206 "Hypogeum" is basically a word that comes 432 00:25:04,310 --> 00:25:08,482 from the Greek terms for "cavity" or "space underground." 433 00:25:08,586 --> 00:25:11,275 It extends on three different stories 434 00:25:11,379 --> 00:25:14,482 about seven-point-some meters below ground. 435 00:25:14,586 --> 00:25:19,310 It covers an area of about 5,400 square feet. 436 00:25:19,413 --> 00:25:23,034 Malta's Hypogeum is, you know, one of those great examples 437 00:25:23,137 --> 00:25:27,000 of, uh, beautiful geometry, uh, underground. 438 00:25:27,103 --> 00:25:29,586 So, the geometry isn't by accident. 439 00:25:29,689 --> 00:25:32,241 It was done by somebody who knows what they were doing. 440 00:25:32,344 --> 00:25:33,620 And it looks to me, like, 441 00:25:33,724 --> 00:25:35,620 you know, this was done for a purpose. 442 00:25:36,689 --> 00:25:38,448 SHATNER: A purpose? 443 00:25:38,551 --> 00:25:40,896 Although no one knows for certain who originally built 444 00:25:41,000 --> 00:25:43,413 the Malta Hypogeum or why, 445 00:25:43,517 --> 00:25:46,517 the bones of more than 7,000 souls 446 00:25:46,620 --> 00:25:51,137 line its intricate labyrinth of corridors and alcoves. 447 00:25:51,241 --> 00:25:54,344 So, according to logic, 448 00:25:54,448 --> 00:25:59,206 it is exactly what it appears to be: an ancient burial site. 449 00:25:59,310 --> 00:26:05,413 But logic alone may not be at play here. 450 00:26:05,517 --> 00:26:09,241 There is a very intriguing room in the Hypogeum, 451 00:26:09,344 --> 00:26:10,931 which is in the middle level, uh, 452 00:26:11,034 --> 00:26:12,689 that is called the Oracle Room. 453 00:26:12,793 --> 00:26:16,137 And this Oracle Room is basically a resonance chamber. 454 00:26:16,241 --> 00:26:18,689 And it's designed, so it would seem, 455 00:26:18,793 --> 00:26:22,655 to amplify any acoustic sound waves. 456 00:26:22,758 --> 00:26:26,068 So, even by whispering, for example, 457 00:26:26,172 --> 00:26:28,620 uh, the design of the room amplifies this 458 00:26:28,724 --> 00:26:33,413 and-and makes it into a very loud baritone sound. 459 00:26:33,517 --> 00:26:36,172 KREISBERG: The Oracle chamber itself 460 00:26:36,275 --> 00:26:39,000 appears to have been carved specifically 461 00:26:39,103 --> 00:26:42,275 to allow sound frequencies to travel, 462 00:26:42,379 --> 00:26:46,413 and the ceiling of the Oracle chamber 463 00:26:46,517 --> 00:26:49,689 actually appears to have been carved to direct sound. 464 00:26:49,793 --> 00:26:51,517 There are also niches that have been carved 465 00:26:51,620 --> 00:26:53,620 in the sides of the Oracle chamber that seem 466 00:26:53,724 --> 00:26:59,172 to be a way to produce echoes and were also created, 467 00:26:59,275 --> 00:27:01,758 in a way, to tune it to the right frequency. 468 00:27:01,862 --> 00:27:04,034 So, there was a sophistication there 469 00:27:04,137 --> 00:27:07,000 that, you know, is unexpected. 470 00:27:07,103 --> 00:27:10,758 SHATNER: In 2014, while conducting a series of experiments 471 00:27:10,862 --> 00:27:13,551 in an attempt to understand the design elements 472 00:27:13,655 --> 00:27:16,896 behind the Hypogeum's unusual acoustics, 473 00:27:17,000 --> 00:27:18,517 scientists discovered 474 00:27:18,620 --> 00:27:23,000 an unexpected and hair-raising phenomenon. 475 00:27:23,103 --> 00:27:26,551 KREISBERG: We set up microphones and we used recording devices 476 00:27:26,655 --> 00:27:29,862 that were very sensitive, and we carried out experiments 477 00:27:29,965 --> 00:27:34,896 using the human voice in that 110 to 112, uh, hertz range. 478 00:27:35,000 --> 00:27:38,620 So, these are very low, guttural, bass sounds, 479 00:27:38,724 --> 00:27:43,103 and they reverberate in a very strong way within these temples. 480 00:27:44,310 --> 00:27:46,344 [low-pitched, resonant vocalizations] 481 00:28:11,103 --> 00:28:12,413 ENEIX: I-It's extraordinary. 482 00:28:12,517 --> 00:28:14,586 It's like being inside of a bell. 483 00:28:14,689 --> 00:28:17,517 And those vibrations are felt inside your body. 484 00:28:17,620 --> 00:28:20,586 You feel it in your tissue, you feel it in your bones. 485 00:28:20,689 --> 00:28:23,620 It can raise the hair off the back of your neck. 486 00:28:23,724 --> 00:28:27,896 Imagine going there to this dark and spooky underground place 487 00:28:28,000 --> 00:28:31,896 5,000 years ago, with this weird, eerie sound 488 00:28:32,000 --> 00:28:34,896 going on around you and-and knowing that there are bones 489 00:28:35,000 --> 00:28:38,034 and-- the whole thing is creepy now. 490 00:28:40,206 --> 00:28:44,379 PAUL DEVEREUX: It clearly was-- some sort of ritual activity went on there. 491 00:28:44,482 --> 00:28:47,275 There is a niche in the Oracle Room, 492 00:28:47,379 --> 00:28:49,206 that if you spoke into it, it could resonate 493 00:28:49,310 --> 00:28:51,482 throughout the whole structure. 494 00:28:51,586 --> 00:28:54,620 And so, some thought it was significant, 495 00:28:54,724 --> 00:28:57,655 that a priest might've intoned into it a voice-- 496 00:28:57,758 --> 00:29:00,758 that his booming voice would go through the whole Hypogeum. 497 00:29:00,862 --> 00:29:03,172 Uh, like a god. 498 00:29:03,275 --> 00:29:07,896 SHATNER: The voice of a god? 499 00:29:08,000 --> 00:29:11,482 Those who have visited the Malta Hypogeum 500 00:29:11,586 --> 00:29:15,413 describe it as feeling like a descent 501 00:29:15,517 --> 00:29:17,724 into the underworld. 502 00:29:17,827 --> 00:29:19,862 As a result, some experts believe 503 00:29:19,965 --> 00:29:23,000 this subterranean nightmare was intentionally constructed 504 00:29:23,103 --> 00:29:28,827 to enable its visitors to speak with the dead. 505 00:29:28,931 --> 00:29:34,206 STEAVU: Overtone chanting is a common practice 506 00:29:34,310 --> 00:29:36,413 in many cultures in, uh, East Asia, 507 00:29:36,517 --> 00:29:39,000 and, uh, North Asia and South Asia as well. 508 00:29:39,103 --> 00:29:42,482 You do have this strong connection between chanting 509 00:29:42,586 --> 00:29:46,620 and communication with the divine or with the deceased. 510 00:29:46,724 --> 00:29:50,586 And I believe at the Hypogeum, we may have a similar situation 511 00:29:50,689 --> 00:29:53,758 in which there seems to have been an active ritual function 512 00:29:53,862 --> 00:29:58,793 of, uh, not only placing the deceased or remains there, 513 00:29:58,896 --> 00:30:02,413 but where people would attempt to establish communication 514 00:30:02,517 --> 00:30:04,551 with the dead. 515 00:30:06,586 --> 00:30:11,758 In the range of 110 to 112 hertz is a frequency that, uh, 516 00:30:11,862 --> 00:30:14,103 has a specific effect on our brain. 517 00:30:14,206 --> 00:30:18,379 It puts us in a sleep state and has us producing alpha waves. 518 00:30:18,482 --> 00:30:21,275 What happens when the alpha waves are produced 519 00:30:21,379 --> 00:30:25,137 is that it kind of quiets the, um, language center of our brain 520 00:30:25,241 --> 00:30:29,448 and puts us in more of a meditative or trance-like state. 521 00:30:29,551 --> 00:30:33,344 It's similar, in many regards, to what happens, uh, 522 00:30:33,448 --> 00:30:36,896 when a shaman uses the practice of ingesting 523 00:30:37,000 --> 00:30:39,931 psychoactive chemicals, whether it's ayahuasca 524 00:30:40,034 --> 00:30:43,586 or whether it's, uh, mushrooms of some type. 525 00:30:43,689 --> 00:30:45,862 STEAVU: So, it stands to reason that, potentially, 526 00:30:45,965 --> 00:30:50,482 people could attain a different level of consciousness 527 00:30:50,586 --> 00:30:54,448 in which they would be susceptible to have experiences 528 00:30:54,551 --> 00:30:58,000 of communicating with the dead or with the divine. 529 00:31:00,551 --> 00:31:02,000 SHATNER: As far-fetched as the notion 530 00:31:02,103 --> 00:31:04,793 of communicating with the dead may seem to us, 531 00:31:04,896 --> 00:31:07,724 some believe whoever built the Hypogeum 532 00:31:07,827 --> 00:31:09,689 may have been on to something. 533 00:31:09,793 --> 00:31:13,965 Because it appears they left behind instructions. 534 00:31:15,965 --> 00:31:19,413 DEVEREUX: There is this spiralic painting 535 00:31:19,517 --> 00:31:23,034 on the ceiling of the, uh, Oracle Room. 536 00:31:23,137 --> 00:31:27,655 And it's not unusual to use spiralic shapes in prehistory 537 00:31:27,758 --> 00:31:33,241 and early times to represent-- visually, graphically-- 538 00:31:33,344 --> 00:31:36,103 represent sound in terms of spirals. 539 00:31:36,206 --> 00:31:39,000 So it was clearly an intellectual connection. 540 00:31:39,103 --> 00:31:42,896 KREISBERG: The clues may lie right before our eyes. 541 00:31:43,000 --> 00:31:46,275 Those sounds, those songs, those tones, those frequencies 542 00:31:46,379 --> 00:31:48,827 that were played and heard 543 00:31:48,931 --> 00:31:51,344 were of the utmost importance to them. 544 00:31:51,448 --> 00:31:53,551 We don't understand exactly why. 545 00:31:53,655 --> 00:31:58,275 But by studying them, hopefully, we can shed some light 546 00:31:58,379 --> 00:32:00,551 on not only what they were trying to do 547 00:32:00,655 --> 00:32:03,241 but how we could use those same concepts, 548 00:32:03,344 --> 00:32:05,103 those same understandings, 549 00:32:05,206 --> 00:32:08,379 to perhaps benefit our society today. 550 00:32:09,379 --> 00:32:13,689 An ancient necropolis 551 00:32:13,793 --> 00:32:15,862 constructed and designed 552 00:32:15,965 --> 00:32:18,000 to allow people to send messages 553 00:32:18,103 --> 00:32:20,275 into the afterlife? 554 00:32:20,379 --> 00:32:22,275 Fascinating... 555 00:32:22,379 --> 00:32:26,206 albeit a disturbing concept. 556 00:32:26,310 --> 00:32:29,379 Not unlike one of the most persistent and bizarre theories 557 00:32:29,482 --> 00:32:31,275 about our planet. 558 00:32:31,379 --> 00:32:34,275 The notion that it could be... 559 00:32:34,379 --> 00:32:36,896 hollow. 560 00:32:45,931 --> 00:32:49,068 SHATNER: Acclaimed novelist whJules Verne publishest. 561 00:32:49,172 --> 00:32:50,689 the science-fiction novel 562 00:32:50,793 --> 00:32:53,482 A Journey to the Center of the Earth. 563 00:32:53,586 --> 00:32:56,344 The book-- which chronicles an adventure 564 00:32:56,448 --> 00:32:59,034 through a fantastical subterranean world 565 00:32:59,137 --> 00:33:01,310 filled with mammoth creatures, 566 00:33:01,413 --> 00:33:02,896 underground oceans, 567 00:33:03,000 --> 00:33:07,758 and crystal caves-- is an instant success. 568 00:33:07,862 --> 00:33:11,896 But despite Jules Verne's insistence that the story 569 00:33:12,000 --> 00:33:13,896 is nothing more than a work of fantasy, 570 00:33:14,000 --> 00:33:16,275 many wondered... 571 00:33:16,379 --> 00:33:19,034 could some of what he wrote 572 00:33:19,137 --> 00:33:21,793 actually be true? 573 00:33:21,896 --> 00:33:26,379 We live on the surface of planet Earth, 574 00:33:26,482 --> 00:33:31,000 but going back many thousands of years, 575 00:33:31,103 --> 00:33:34,793 we have wondered what is beneath our feet. 576 00:33:34,896 --> 00:33:36,931 Is it solid? 577 00:33:37,034 --> 00:33:40,103 Or is it possible that it could be hollow? 578 00:33:40,206 --> 00:33:43,068 BRANDENBURG: One of the most fascinating people 579 00:33:43,172 --> 00:33:45,793 in the history of science is Edmond Halley, 580 00:33:45,896 --> 00:33:48,551 who Halley's Comet is named after. 581 00:33:48,655 --> 00:33:52,034 Based on his explorations, 582 00:33:52,137 --> 00:33:55,000 he discovered the Earth's magnetic field was fluctuating, 583 00:33:55,103 --> 00:33:59,655 that it was not a steady, uniform object. 584 00:34:00,793 --> 00:34:02,724 It was changing in time. 585 00:34:02,827 --> 00:34:04,620 It appeared to be kind of rotating 586 00:34:04,724 --> 00:34:06,896 relative to the surface of the Earth. 587 00:34:07,000 --> 00:34:10,344 So he came up with a quite elaborate model 588 00:34:10,448 --> 00:34:12,862 to try to explain what he was seeing 589 00:34:12,965 --> 00:34:15,172 in his measurements of the Earth's magnetic field. 590 00:34:15,275 --> 00:34:18,586 And one of the interesting theories he came up with 591 00:34:18,689 --> 00:34:21,275 was the idea of a hollow Earth. 592 00:34:21,379 --> 00:34:24,034 REDFERN: Edmond Halley 593 00:34:24,137 --> 00:34:26,931 believed there were essentially three crusts-- 594 00:34:27,034 --> 00:34:30,896 three rotating crusts which surrounded this huge, 595 00:34:31,000 --> 00:34:34,689 hollowed-out portion of planet Earth. 596 00:34:34,793 --> 00:34:37,241 SHATNER: A hollow Earth? 597 00:34:37,344 --> 00:34:40,793 Is it possible that there's actually another world 598 00:34:40,896 --> 00:34:44,379 located deep within the Earth's crust? 599 00:34:44,482 --> 00:34:48,586 Could Jules Verne's fantastical notion of a subterranean world 600 00:34:48,689 --> 00:34:51,689 located deep underground have been based 601 00:34:51,793 --> 00:34:54,379 not on mere imagination 602 00:34:54,482 --> 00:34:57,172 but on scientific fact? 603 00:34:57,275 --> 00:35:02,551 Well, if one legendary explorer is to be believed, 604 00:35:02,655 --> 00:35:04,689 the answer is yes. 605 00:35:04,793 --> 00:35:09,965 And he claimed to have even seen it firsthand. 606 00:35:10,068 --> 00:35:13,137 REDFERN: Rear Admiral Richard Byrd, 607 00:35:13,241 --> 00:35:16,724 in essence, was somebody who we could equate 608 00:35:16,827 --> 00:35:20,586 with, like, a real-life Indiana Jones. 609 00:35:20,689 --> 00:35:22,000 He traveled around the world 610 00:35:22,103 --> 00:35:24,413 having expeditions and adventures. 611 00:35:24,517 --> 00:35:28,172 He was someone who visited 612 00:35:28,275 --> 00:35:32,172 the polar areas, which really fascinated him. 613 00:35:32,275 --> 00:35:35,206 And in 1926, 614 00:35:35,310 --> 00:35:37,689 while flying over the caps, 615 00:35:37,793 --> 00:35:39,862 he was able to see what he described 616 00:35:39,965 --> 00:35:44,275 as like a large green valley. 617 00:35:44,379 --> 00:35:47,862 NEWMAN: One of the ideas about this whole hollow Earth theory 618 00:35:47,965 --> 00:35:51,551 is that there were multiple entrances all over the world. 619 00:35:51,655 --> 00:35:54,379 But most notably, the North and South Poles 620 00:35:54,482 --> 00:35:56,689 are possibly the entrance for these. 621 00:35:56,793 --> 00:35:59,517 REDFERN: According to the story, 622 00:35:59,620 --> 00:36:02,793 Byrd described massive forest areas 623 00:36:02,896 --> 00:36:07,068 nurtured by some kind of sun 624 00:36:07,172 --> 00:36:09,689 deep inside the planet itself. 625 00:36:09,793 --> 00:36:12,689 And he claimed to have seen, uh, 626 00:36:12,793 --> 00:36:15,000 a fully grown woolly mammoth, 627 00:36:15,103 --> 00:36:19,448 which it would be amazing if that was true. 628 00:36:19,551 --> 00:36:22,068 SHATNER: Underground rivers, 629 00:36:22,172 --> 00:36:26,793 extinct mammoths and a sun deep inside the Earth? 630 00:36:26,896 --> 00:36:30,103 Could the incredible account of Admiral Byrd-- 631 00:36:30,206 --> 00:36:32,758 one of the world's greatest explorers-- 632 00:36:32,862 --> 00:36:34,620 actually be true? 633 00:36:34,724 --> 00:36:36,413 But if so, 634 00:36:36,517 --> 00:36:39,103 where's the evidence? 635 00:36:41,896 --> 00:36:44,758 There's water on the surface in huge oceans. 636 00:36:44,862 --> 00:36:46,793 What if there's a hole in the mantle 637 00:36:46,896 --> 00:36:48,551 that allows some of it to drain somewhere? 638 00:36:48,655 --> 00:36:50,000 Did it get captured there 639 00:36:50,103 --> 00:36:52,482 when the Earth was created in its formation? 640 00:36:52,586 --> 00:36:54,413 I'll give you an example. 641 00:36:54,517 --> 00:36:56,689 In Mammoth Cave in Kentucky, 642 00:36:56,793 --> 00:36:58,793 there were the remains of a shark 643 00:36:58,896 --> 00:37:01,862 from 330 million years ago. 644 00:37:01,965 --> 00:37:05,275 An extinct creature found in this cave, 645 00:37:05,379 --> 00:37:07,827 in a cave-- not in an ocean but in a cave. 646 00:37:07,931 --> 00:37:11,379 What if this cave was part of an ocean system 647 00:37:11,482 --> 00:37:13,758 that went deeper underground? 648 00:37:13,862 --> 00:37:16,379 BRANDENBURG: As a scientist, 649 00:37:16,482 --> 00:37:18,310 the first thing I will concede, 650 00:37:18,413 --> 00:37:21,931 is that we do know there are vast caverns below us, 651 00:37:22,034 --> 00:37:24,482 and there are vast structures that are dynamic 652 00:37:24,586 --> 00:37:26,137 under the Earth. 653 00:37:26,241 --> 00:37:29,379 And so it's certainly possible. 654 00:37:29,482 --> 00:37:34,172 The Earth is about 7,000 to 8,000 miles in diameter. 655 00:37:34,275 --> 00:37:36,275 That's pretty big. 656 00:37:36,379 --> 00:37:39,896 We've only ever drilled to about eight miles deep. 657 00:37:40,000 --> 00:37:43,034 We have no idea what's at the center of the Earth. 658 00:37:43,137 --> 00:37:46,310 You know, we have theories that there's this molten ball core, 659 00:37:46,413 --> 00:37:48,413 iron core spinning around, it's magnetized or whatever, 660 00:37:48,517 --> 00:37:50,310 but we really don't know. 661 00:37:50,413 --> 00:37:52,862 There could be a completely different world 662 00:37:52,965 --> 00:37:54,724 that we just don't understand yet 663 00:37:54,827 --> 00:37:56,689 because we've never been there 664 00:37:56,793 --> 00:37:58,379 to do experiments and science on it 665 00:37:58,482 --> 00:38:00,206 and understand what's going on. 666 00:38:00,310 --> 00:38:04,275 SHATNER: If another world does exist deep beneath our own, 667 00:38:04,379 --> 00:38:08,655 is it possible we might be able to one day access it? 668 00:38:08,758 --> 00:38:13,068 There are those who believe that not only is the answer yes, 669 00:38:13,172 --> 00:38:16,448 but that humanity's very future may lie 670 00:38:16,551 --> 00:38:19,931 not above ground but down below. 671 00:38:20,034 --> 00:38:24,758 As proof, they point to a village in China 672 00:38:24,862 --> 00:38:26,275 where thousands of people 673 00:38:26,379 --> 00:38:29,551 are already living deep underground. 674 00:38:40,931 --> 00:38:43,724 in the rural region of Sanmenxia 675 00:38:43,827 --> 00:38:46,137 lies an ancient network of villages 676 00:38:46,241 --> 00:38:48,689 that exists entirely underground. 677 00:38:48,793 --> 00:38:51,655 Millions of people have lived and worked here 678 00:38:51,758 --> 00:38:53,448 spending their entire lives 679 00:38:53,551 --> 00:38:55,724 beneath the surface for generations. 680 00:38:55,827 --> 00:38:58,172 And not just thousands of years ago, 681 00:38:58,275 --> 00:38:59,793 in the ancient past... 682 00:38:59,896 --> 00:39:02,620 but to this very day. 683 00:39:02,724 --> 00:39:08,103 COLLINS: Over the past 4,000 years 684 00:39:08,206 --> 00:39:10,551 there were tens, 685 00:39:10,655 --> 00:39:13,517 if not hundreds of thousands of people 686 00:39:13,620 --> 00:39:15,965 living within these underground 687 00:39:16,068 --> 00:39:19,068 dwellings in the northern part of China. 688 00:39:19,172 --> 00:39:22,689 And these places, which are known generally 689 00:39:22,793 --> 00:39:24,344 as yaodongs, 690 00:39:24,448 --> 00:39:28,034 continue to be built even to this day, 691 00:39:28,137 --> 00:39:30,758 and, in fact, the modern examples 692 00:39:30,862 --> 00:39:33,000 created over the last hundred years 693 00:39:33,103 --> 00:39:37,896 have got bathrooms, they've got electricity. 694 00:39:38,000 --> 00:39:40,068 If you could imagine a sort of 695 00:39:40,172 --> 00:39:43,517 modern-day housing development anywhere in the world, 696 00:39:43,620 --> 00:39:48,241 everybody had a basement and you took all of the houses away, 697 00:39:48,344 --> 00:39:51,172 and all you were left with was the basements... 698 00:39:51,275 --> 00:39:53,620 that's what Sanmenxia looks like. 699 00:39:53,724 --> 00:39:56,241 It's these sort of rectangular 700 00:39:56,344 --> 00:39:58,689 holes in the ground, like a chessboard, 701 00:39:58,793 --> 00:40:00,793 all over the place. 702 00:40:00,896 --> 00:40:03,793 SHATNER: There are many living options 703 00:40:03,896 --> 00:40:06,241 in the underground dwellings of Sanmenxia, 704 00:40:06,344 --> 00:40:09,586 ranging from simple one-bedroom caves... 705 00:40:09,689 --> 00:40:12,068 to more elaborate three-bedroom homes 706 00:40:12,172 --> 00:40:14,758 with modern appliances and plumbing. 707 00:40:14,862 --> 00:40:19,137 But why would anyone choose to live below ground 708 00:40:19,241 --> 00:40:23,379 in a country with several thriving cities to choose from? 709 00:40:23,482 --> 00:40:25,689 One of the benefits of living underground, 710 00:40:25,793 --> 00:40:28,586 especially in very hot and cold climates, 711 00:40:28,689 --> 00:40:31,793 is below the earth, the temperature is more moderated, 712 00:40:31,896 --> 00:40:33,931 so you don't get the extremes so much. 713 00:40:34,034 --> 00:40:35,551 You know, it's probably pretty cool 714 00:40:35,655 --> 00:40:37,241 most of the time and so, 715 00:40:37,344 --> 00:40:40,034 you know, they're not bad places to be. 716 00:40:40,137 --> 00:40:43,241 COLLINS: It could well be that with the expansion 717 00:40:43,344 --> 00:40:47,620 of population at the rate that it is today 718 00:40:47,724 --> 00:40:50,000 that going underground 719 00:40:50,103 --> 00:40:54,793 is something that we should look towards in the future 720 00:40:54,896 --> 00:40:58,344 to solving the problems of housing 721 00:40:59,551 --> 00:41:02,379 and creating new cities. 722 00:41:04,206 --> 00:41:07,034 You have to wonder, is the day gonna come 723 00:41:07,137 --> 00:41:08,896 when the Earth itself, 724 00:41:09,000 --> 00:41:11,103 at least from the perspective of the surface, 725 00:41:11,206 --> 00:41:13,137 that the Earth simply will not 726 00:41:13,241 --> 00:41:15,965 be able to stand any more people. 727 00:41:16,068 --> 00:41:18,586 So what's the answer? 728 00:41:18,689 --> 00:41:22,758 Maybe the answer is that we all move underground 729 00:41:22,862 --> 00:41:27,068 or possibly a significant percentage 730 00:41:27,172 --> 00:41:31,310 of the population choose to go underground. 731 00:41:31,413 --> 00:41:34,965 Given everything going on in the world today, 732 00:41:35,068 --> 00:41:36,931 will we live to see the day when our civilization 733 00:41:37,034 --> 00:41:39,448 goes back underground? 734 00:41:39,551 --> 00:41:41,517 It certainly seems safer. 735 00:41:41,620 --> 00:41:43,793 And if that comes to pass, 736 00:41:43,896 --> 00:41:46,862 will we then learn about all the other secrets 737 00:41:46,965 --> 00:41:50,724 the Earth is hiding beneath its surface? 738 00:41:50,827 --> 00:41:53,793 It seems that the answer will be one 739 00:41:53,896 --> 00:41:56,793 that for now remains buried, 740 00:41:56,896 --> 00:41:59,172 and... unexplained. 60096

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