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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:05,689 --> 00:00:07,137 SHATNER: Mental abilities 2 00:00:07,241 --> 00:00:10,000 faster than those of any computer. 3 00:00:10,103 --> 00:00:14,379 Senses that can extend far beyond the human body. 4 00:00:14,482 --> 00:00:17,931 And a person who can play the piano like a Mozart 5 00:00:18,034 --> 00:00:20,620 without ever taking a lesson. 6 00:00:23,068 --> 00:00:27,551 There are those who believe the human brain has more potential 7 00:00:27,655 --> 00:00:30,551 than even the brain itself can imagine, 8 00:00:30,655 --> 00:00:36,000 and that its true capabilities might be limitless. 9 00:00:36,103 --> 00:00:41,931 In some ways, we know more about the far reaches of the galaxy 10 00:00:42,034 --> 00:00:45,241 than we do about the human mind. 11 00:00:45,344 --> 00:00:48,068 How does the brain work, for example? 12 00:00:48,172 --> 00:00:51,517 Where does genius come from? 13 00:00:51,620 --> 00:00:55,413 And can a person actually see something 14 00:00:55,517 --> 00:00:58,413 halfway around the world 15 00:00:58,517 --> 00:01:03,655 using only the power of their thoughts, for instance? 16 00:01:03,758 --> 00:01:06,310 Well... 17 00:01:06,413 --> 00:01:09,068 that is what we'll try and find out. 18 00:01:09,172 --> 00:01:11,068 ♪ 19 00:01:25,068 --> 00:01:26,793 Seattle, Washington. 20 00:01:26,896 --> 00:01:29,379 November 2004. 21 00:01:29,482 --> 00:01:33,206 Researchers working at the University of Washington's 22 00:01:33,310 --> 00:01:35,689 Institute for Learning and Brain Science 23 00:01:35,793 --> 00:01:39,172 publish the results of a study about the remarkable ability 24 00:01:39,275 --> 00:01:42,965 that babies have to learn any language. 25 00:01:43,068 --> 00:01:45,206 Their conclusion: 26 00:01:45,310 --> 00:01:48,206 The smartest you'll ever be in your life... 27 00:01:48,310 --> 00:01:51,689 - [baby crying] - ...is the day you are born. 28 00:01:51,793 --> 00:01:55,000 JOANNE RUTHSATZ: The research shows that newborn babies are amazing. 29 00:01:55,103 --> 00:01:58,724 They come into this world really able to adjust 30 00:01:58,827 --> 00:02:00,896 to the stimuli that they receive. 31 00:02:01,000 --> 00:02:02,758 [baby laughing] 32 00:02:02,862 --> 00:02:04,586 JUDY HO: All of the world's languages 33 00:02:04,689 --> 00:02:07,241 compose of about 800 different types of language sounds. 34 00:02:07,344 --> 00:02:11,206 And as adults, we pretty much only utilize about 40 sounds. 35 00:02:11,310 --> 00:02:12,862 However, when you're a baby, 36 00:02:12,965 --> 00:02:15,379 you can actually hear and distinguish the difference 37 00:02:15,482 --> 00:02:18,517 between all 800 sounds. 38 00:02:18,620 --> 00:02:20,586 MICHIO KAKU: It turns out that babies 39 00:02:20,689 --> 00:02:23,413 are hardwired from birth 40 00:02:23,517 --> 00:02:26,655 to have certain forms of awareness. 41 00:02:26,758 --> 00:02:29,827 When children babble, it's just not ordinary babble. 42 00:02:29,931 --> 00:02:31,241 [baby babbling] 43 00:02:31,344 --> 00:02:33,103 You put a tape recorder in the crib 44 00:02:33,206 --> 00:02:36,862 and you listen to the babbling and you realize that the baby 45 00:02:36,965 --> 00:02:41,206 is saying the same word over and over and over again, 46 00:02:41,310 --> 00:02:43,275 that it hears random sounds 47 00:02:43,379 --> 00:02:45,620 that it repeats until it perfects it, 48 00:02:45,724 --> 00:02:49,482 - until it gets it right. - [babbles]: Mama. 49 00:02:49,586 --> 00:02:51,241 Looking at the infant brain, 50 00:02:51,344 --> 00:02:54,689 it's like you're looking at the world's most complicated sponge, 51 00:02:54,793 --> 00:02:56,310 and then you're seeing how much information 52 00:02:56,413 --> 00:02:57,827 can it actually soak up 53 00:02:57,931 --> 00:03:00,137 and how much of it gets drained out over time 54 00:03:00,241 --> 00:03:04,137 as the brain begins to develop into the brains of adults. 55 00:03:04,241 --> 00:03:09,586 HO: Newborn babies have over 100 thousand billion neurons, 56 00:03:09,689 --> 00:03:11,586 which is twice as much as an adult brain, 57 00:03:11,689 --> 00:03:14,310 even though their brain is so teeny tiny. 58 00:03:14,413 --> 00:03:17,551 Later on, the neurons do prune away, 59 00:03:17,655 --> 00:03:19,551 but in the beginning, basically, 60 00:03:19,655 --> 00:03:22,103 the entire world is possible for babies. 61 00:03:22,206 --> 00:03:24,482 But we don't know why certain parts of the brain 62 00:03:24,586 --> 00:03:26,206 are just not accessible to you as an adult. 63 00:03:28,413 --> 00:03:31,827 SHATNER: The brain: nature's computer. 64 00:03:31,931 --> 00:03:34,862 After millions of years of evolution, 65 00:03:34,965 --> 00:03:37,620 thousands of years of recorded history, 66 00:03:37,724 --> 00:03:41,275 and hundreds of years of scientific research, 67 00:03:41,379 --> 00:03:44,068 you might think we already know everything there is to know 68 00:03:44,172 --> 00:03:47,620 about one of the body's most critically important organs. 69 00:03:47,724 --> 00:03:50,448 But, the truth is, 70 00:03:50,551 --> 00:03:53,137 we don't. 71 00:03:53,241 --> 00:03:55,137 I'm a scientist, and therefore 72 00:03:55,241 --> 00:03:59,172 I'm attracted to things that are mysterious, 73 00:03:59,275 --> 00:04:02,551 and what are the two greatest, most mysterious questions 74 00:04:02,655 --> 00:04:04,655 in all of science? 75 00:04:04,758 --> 00:04:08,000 One is the creation of the universe. 76 00:04:08,103 --> 00:04:10,344 [explosive whooshing] 77 00:04:10,448 --> 00:04:12,724 Why are we here? 78 00:04:12,827 --> 00:04:14,862 The second great mystery is 79 00:04:14,965 --> 00:04:17,896 when you look in the mirror, you say to yourself, 80 00:04:18,000 --> 00:04:20,551 "What lurks behind those eyes? 81 00:04:20,655 --> 00:04:23,103 Why am I conscious?" 82 00:04:23,206 --> 00:04:25,931 And then you begin to realize that the brain 83 00:04:26,034 --> 00:04:30,689 is the most complex object in the known universe. 84 00:04:32,551 --> 00:04:34,482 RAMIREZ: I think one of the most unexplained 85 00:04:34,586 --> 00:04:38,068 phenomenon that exists in the brain is how 86 00:04:38,172 --> 00:04:41,689 it stores, processes and retrieves information. 87 00:04:41,793 --> 00:04:43,827 Every breath, every experience, every interaction, 88 00:04:43,931 --> 00:04:45,758 every night of sleep, every cup of coffee, 89 00:04:45,862 --> 00:04:47,793 all of that changes your brain, 90 00:04:47,896 --> 00:04:51,068 and yet your sense of self remains pretty intact. 91 00:04:51,172 --> 00:04:54,206 So how the brain holds on to that information, 92 00:04:54,310 --> 00:04:57,551 how it uses that information to actually engage in the world, 93 00:04:57,655 --> 00:05:00,379 is a wonderfully complicated problem. 94 00:05:00,482 --> 00:05:02,275 We know a lot about the anatomy 95 00:05:02,379 --> 00:05:05,000 of different parts of the brain in great detail. 96 00:05:05,103 --> 00:05:08,275 What the functions are is another thing. 97 00:05:08,379 --> 00:05:12,310 For example, there's an area called "area 25," 98 00:05:12,413 --> 00:05:15,413 and this area is turned on in people all the time 99 00:05:15,517 --> 00:05:16,793 who are chronically depressed. 100 00:05:16,896 --> 00:05:18,448 And it's just a small area, 101 00:05:18,551 --> 00:05:20,793 but that small area's connected to a lot of other areas. 102 00:05:20,896 --> 00:05:22,793 It's like Grand Central Station. 103 00:05:22,896 --> 00:05:24,689 So it's not just the area but everything passing through 104 00:05:24,793 --> 00:05:26,896 and by there in this whole circuit, and so, 105 00:05:27,000 --> 00:05:29,000 it's more than just complicated or complex, 106 00:05:29,103 --> 00:05:31,620 it's-it's still kind of mysterious that way. 107 00:05:31,724 --> 00:05:34,655 SUSAN SCHNEIDER: Consciousness, in particular, 108 00:05:34,758 --> 00:05:37,620 is tremendously mysterious. 109 00:05:37,724 --> 00:05:39,896 Neuroscientists still don't understand 110 00:05:40,000 --> 00:05:42,310 the neural basis of consciousness. 111 00:05:42,413 --> 00:05:44,000 And philosophers have pointed out 112 00:05:44,103 --> 00:05:46,724 that, even given the fact that the brain 113 00:05:46,827 --> 00:05:49,034 is an information processing unit 114 00:05:49,137 --> 00:05:51,758 of great sophistication, it doesn't make sense why 115 00:05:51,862 --> 00:05:54,551 it needs to feel like anything to be us. 116 00:05:54,655 --> 00:05:57,000 And, ironically, when we're studying it, 117 00:05:57,103 --> 00:05:59,103 we're studying it from within the confines 118 00:05:59,206 --> 00:06:00,827 of the brain itself. 119 00:06:02,724 --> 00:06:04,827 SHATNER: Perhaps the best illustration of how little we know 120 00:06:04,931 --> 00:06:07,379 about the human brain's inner workings 121 00:06:07,482 --> 00:06:11,000 involves an incident that happened almost 200 years ago. 122 00:06:11,103 --> 00:06:13,655 It was a case in which a man lost a large portion 123 00:06:13,758 --> 00:06:17,379 of his brain in a horrific accident 124 00:06:17,482 --> 00:06:21,344 and, inexplicably, survived. 125 00:06:23,620 --> 00:06:25,275 In 1848, 126 00:06:25,379 --> 00:06:30,896 there was a railroad crew led by a man name Phineas Gage. 127 00:06:33,310 --> 00:06:36,310 One day, an explosive went off accidentally, 128 00:06:36,413 --> 00:06:38,896 and a metal rod three feet long 129 00:06:39,000 --> 00:06:43,413 hurled right into his face, 130 00:06:43,517 --> 00:06:46,172 coming out of his skull, 131 00:06:46,275 --> 00:06:49,689 landing 80 feet into the distance. 132 00:06:51,206 --> 00:06:55,000 Everybody thought that he was an immediate goner, 133 00:06:55,103 --> 00:06:57,620 but he remained incredibly calm. 134 00:06:57,724 --> 00:06:59,275 He was even talking normally, 135 00:06:59,379 --> 00:07:01,689 even though, apparently, parts of his brain 136 00:07:01,793 --> 00:07:04,000 were even coming out the top of his head. 137 00:07:04,103 --> 00:07:06,275 Phineas Gage was just sitting up talking, 138 00:07:06,379 --> 00:07:08,896 right after this thing blew through the top of his skull, 139 00:07:09,000 --> 00:07:11,482 which seems impossible. 140 00:07:11,586 --> 00:07:15,206 MICHAEL DENNIN: He had a pole basically shoot in one side up through his jaw 141 00:07:15,310 --> 00:07:16,448 and out of his brain. 142 00:07:16,551 --> 00:07:18,620 Made a significantly large hole in his brain, 143 00:07:18,724 --> 00:07:20,137 caused a lot of damage, 144 00:07:20,241 --> 00:07:22,034 particularly to the frontal part of his brain. 145 00:07:22,137 --> 00:07:25,655 And yet, he both survived and remained functioning. 146 00:07:25,758 --> 00:07:29,758 So I would argue it's evidence for how complex the brain is. 147 00:07:33,758 --> 00:07:35,931 SHATNER: After his accident, 148 00:07:36,034 --> 00:07:38,965 Phineas Gage lived for another 12 years. 149 00:07:39,068 --> 00:07:42,000 By all accounts, he was able to lead a relatively normal life, 150 00:07:42,103 --> 00:07:45,241 despite his devastating brain injury. 151 00:07:45,344 --> 00:07:47,103 But how? 152 00:07:47,206 --> 00:07:51,206 How was his brain able to compensate and function 153 00:07:51,310 --> 00:07:53,482 when parts of it had been severely damaged 154 00:07:53,586 --> 00:07:55,482 and even destroyed? 155 00:07:55,586 --> 00:07:58,068 It's a question that, 156 00:07:58,172 --> 00:08:00,586 despite everything we continue to learn about the brain 157 00:08:00,689 --> 00:08:02,068 and its capabilities, 158 00:08:02,172 --> 00:08:05,965 we currently don't have the answer. 159 00:08:07,965 --> 00:08:10,827 KAKU: The brain is a learning machine 160 00:08:10,931 --> 00:08:15,034 that rewires itself after learning every task. 161 00:08:15,137 --> 00:08:18,724 So you were slightly different than you were a few seconds ago 162 00:08:18,827 --> 00:08:20,482 before you learned something 163 00:08:20,586 --> 00:08:22,413 'cause the brain has incorporated that learning 164 00:08:22,517 --> 00:08:24,206 into its network. 165 00:08:24,310 --> 00:08:27,137 And that's why I think that we'll never really learn 166 00:08:27,241 --> 00:08:29,655 everything about the brain, 167 00:08:29,758 --> 00:08:32,344 because the brain changes with time. 168 00:08:32,448 --> 00:08:34,137 HO: If we look back 100 years from now, 169 00:08:34,241 --> 00:08:36,275 I'm sure there's still more to find out, 170 00:08:36,379 --> 00:08:38,551 and we might feel like some of the things that we're doing now 171 00:08:38,655 --> 00:08:42,482 are prehistoric and perhaps somewhat misinformed. 172 00:08:42,586 --> 00:08:45,206 SCHNEIDER: The brain is so complicated and its functions 173 00:08:45,310 --> 00:08:50,241 are so intricate that, at this stage of the study of the brain, 174 00:08:50,344 --> 00:08:54,965 we wonder if we even know the right questions to ask. 175 00:08:57,034 --> 00:08:59,586 SHATNER: Is the human brain simply too complicated 176 00:08:59,689 --> 00:09:01,724 for us to fully understand? 177 00:09:01,827 --> 00:09:06,034 Or can we learn more about the brain's amazing capabilities 178 00:09:06,137 --> 00:09:07,931 by examining people 179 00:09:08,034 --> 00:09:13,310 not with abnormal brains but with exceptional ones, 180 00:09:13,413 --> 00:09:17,517 individuals with almost superhuman mental abilities 181 00:09:17,620 --> 00:09:21,655 who are also known as geniuses? 182 00:09:26,758 --> 00:09:29,000 SHATNER: The University of California, Davis. 183 00:09:29,103 --> 00:09:31,000 June 2018. 184 00:09:31,103 --> 00:09:34,448 Tanishq Abraham receives his bachelor's degree 185 00:09:34,551 --> 00:09:36,241 with highest honors. 186 00:09:36,344 --> 00:09:40,068 But unlike the other graduates picking up their diplomas, 187 00:09:40,172 --> 00:09:43,482 Tanishq is only 15 years old. 188 00:09:58,068 --> 00:10:01,310 And then from there on, we kind of figured, yeah, 189 00:10:01,413 --> 00:10:02,862 he-he's getting the hang of this, 190 00:10:02,965 --> 00:10:04,896 and so we start introducing new concepts to him. 191 00:10:15,275 --> 00:10:18,620 BIJOU ABRAHAM: When Tanishq was four years old, we took his IQ test. 192 00:10:18,724 --> 00:10:21,517 He had such a high IQ score, I-I don't think I knew anybody 193 00:10:21,620 --> 00:10:24,068 who-who had that-that high of an IQ score personally, 194 00:10:24,172 --> 00:10:25,517 so that's when I realized 195 00:10:25,620 --> 00:10:27,827 there's something unusual about this kid. 196 00:10:37,344 --> 00:10:40,172 TANISHQ ABRAHAM: I actually want to go to medical school 197 00:10:40,275 --> 00:10:41,896 and become a doctor, 198 00:10:42,000 --> 00:10:45,206 and I want to become a physician scientist. 199 00:10:45,310 --> 00:10:48,586 I know that I have a talent, and I want to put it to good use. 200 00:10:50,896 --> 00:10:54,551 SHATNER: What makes Tanishq Abraham's mind different 201 00:10:54,655 --> 00:10:57,068 from everyone else's? 202 00:10:57,172 --> 00:10:59,965 Although scientists have been studying child prodigies 203 00:11:00,068 --> 00:11:02,103 like Tanishq for years, 204 00:11:02,206 --> 00:11:04,620 they still don't really have an explanation. 205 00:11:04,724 --> 00:11:06,448 And in his case, 206 00:11:06,551 --> 00:11:08,379 an explanation is further complicated 207 00:11:08,482 --> 00:11:13,620 by the fact that Tanishq isn't the only genius in his family. 208 00:11:16,137 --> 00:11:18,931 BIJOU ABRAHAM: Tiara started singing at a really young age. 209 00:11:19,034 --> 00:11:20,896 She started out singing, like, simple songs, 210 00:11:21,000 --> 00:11:22,655 like "Happy Birthday" and-and things like that, 211 00:11:22,758 --> 00:11:24,275 but she sang in an opera style, 212 00:11:24,379 --> 00:11:27,758 and so we'd go and ask musicians, "Is that normal?" 213 00:11:27,862 --> 00:11:29,275 And they were like, "That's not normal." So... 214 00:11:29,379 --> 00:11:32,275 That's when we felt, okay, we have a different type 215 00:11:32,379 --> 00:11:33,793 of prodigy on our hands, 216 00:11:33,896 --> 00:11:36,379 not the highly scientific intellect type, 217 00:11:36,482 --> 00:11:38,965 but Tiara has her prodigy more in the arts, 218 00:11:39,068 --> 00:11:41,551 and she has a really amazing memory. 219 00:11:41,655 --> 00:11:44,620 TIARA ABRAHAM: I've learned six languages, 220 00:11:44,724 --> 00:11:48,862 including Spanish, French, Italian and German. 221 00:11:48,965 --> 00:11:53,965 And just for fun, I memorized around 550 digits of pi. 222 00:11:54,068 --> 00:11:55,827 It's amazing that, in a short amount of time, 223 00:11:55,931 --> 00:11:57,482 she was able to memorize those numbers. 224 00:11:57,586 --> 00:12:00,586 She kind of described it like dance programs, 225 00:12:00,689 --> 00:12:02,310 where the notes start scrolling down. 226 00:12:02,413 --> 00:12:03,827 And that's how she feels, she said. 227 00:12:03,931 --> 00:12:05,482 The numbers, they're just scrolling by, 228 00:12:05,586 --> 00:12:06,931 and she just starts reciting them. 229 00:12:07,034 --> 00:12:10,241 3.141592653589 230 00:12:10,344 --> 00:12:12,931 793238462643383 231 00:12:13,034 --> 00:12:15,586 2795028841971 232 00:12:15,689 --> 00:12:18,000 6939927510582 233 00:12:18,103 --> 00:12:19,758 097494459. 234 00:12:26,896 --> 00:12:28,482 [laughs] 235 00:12:28,586 --> 00:12:31,517 HO: People don't even agree on the definition of what a genius is. 236 00:12:31,620 --> 00:12:33,379 We know that it's not hereditary, 237 00:12:33,482 --> 00:12:34,965 like the way your eye color is. 238 00:12:35,068 --> 00:12:38,206 And so, really, many times, people who are defined 239 00:12:38,310 --> 00:12:40,862 or talked about as geniuses, they do come from families 240 00:12:40,965 --> 00:12:43,068 with parents with normal I.Q. 241 00:12:43,172 --> 00:12:45,206 And so, I don't think we know very much 242 00:12:45,310 --> 00:12:47,137 about exactly why genius occurs. 243 00:12:47,241 --> 00:12:49,034 TRAVIS TAYLOR: What's so special about these kids? 244 00:12:49,137 --> 00:12:52,724 Why is it that their brain developed in such a way 245 00:12:52,827 --> 00:12:55,862 that they can solve problems or understand things 246 00:12:55,965 --> 00:12:58,241 that adults take years to do? 247 00:12:58,344 --> 00:13:02,000 We need to understand why and how this is happening, 248 00:13:02,103 --> 00:13:05,068 and then maybe we can all tap into that type of power. 249 00:13:07,482 --> 00:13:10,172 SHATNER: Is it possible that the potential for genius 250 00:13:10,275 --> 00:13:13,551 lies within each and every one of us, 251 00:13:13,655 --> 00:13:17,551 somewhere deep within each of our brains? 252 00:13:17,655 --> 00:13:20,620 Perhaps the answer can be found by examining 253 00:13:20,724 --> 00:13:23,655 the case of a man who wasn't born a genius, 254 00:13:23,758 --> 00:13:27,931 but became one... at the age of 39. 255 00:13:29,586 --> 00:13:31,172 Sioux Falls, South Dakota. 256 00:13:31,275 --> 00:13:33,793 October 27, 2006. 257 00:13:33,896 --> 00:13:36,758 While in town visiting his mother, 258 00:13:36,862 --> 00:13:40,448 corporate sales trainer Derek Amato reconnects 259 00:13:40,551 --> 00:13:43,965 with some old friends at a pool party. 260 00:13:44,068 --> 00:13:46,827 AMATO: We got together at the pool for a little barbecue, 261 00:13:46,931 --> 00:13:49,275 and we were challenging one another 262 00:13:49,379 --> 00:13:51,275 to do all these goofy stunts. 263 00:13:51,379 --> 00:13:53,793 And I told one of the guys to throw a football, 264 00:13:53,896 --> 00:13:56,793 and I would run and dive over the water and catch it. 265 00:13:56,896 --> 00:13:58,482 And I hit my head on the bottom of 266 00:13:58,586 --> 00:13:59,758 the shallow end of the swimming pool. 267 00:14:01,620 --> 00:14:04,103 I knew I had hurt myself, 268 00:14:04,206 --> 00:14:05,655 but I didn't know to what extent. 269 00:14:05,758 --> 00:14:07,896 After they took me to my mom's house, 270 00:14:08,000 --> 00:14:09,655 she rushed me right to the hospital. 271 00:14:09,758 --> 00:14:14,172 They had done a bunch of scans, and I didn't have any bleeding. 272 00:14:14,275 --> 00:14:17,551 So they kept me to monitor what was going on, 273 00:14:17,655 --> 00:14:19,896 and the next morning they sent me home. 274 00:14:22,000 --> 00:14:23,689 SHATNER: Despite a serious head injury 275 00:14:23,793 --> 00:14:26,793 that could have left him paralyzed, or worse, 276 00:14:26,896 --> 00:14:30,724 Derek appeared to make a full recovery. 277 00:14:30,827 --> 00:14:33,068 Other than a bump on his head, 278 00:14:33,172 --> 00:14:36,862 there didn't seem to be anything different about him. 279 00:14:36,965 --> 00:14:39,517 Or so everyone thought. 280 00:14:41,137 --> 00:14:43,034 I did go home with my mother and stay with her 281 00:14:43,137 --> 00:14:45,827 for the next five days, and I slept. 282 00:14:45,931 --> 00:14:49,241 I remember little moments periodically looking up 283 00:14:49,344 --> 00:14:52,689 and seeing these blocks, these black and white squares. 284 00:14:52,793 --> 00:14:54,689 And I just thought they were little marks, 285 00:14:54,793 --> 00:14:56,482 just from my head injury that I was seeing 286 00:14:56,586 --> 00:14:58,931 these little, uh, shapes. 287 00:14:59,034 --> 00:15:01,413 After five days, a gentleman that was with me 288 00:15:01,517 --> 00:15:04,482 when I hit my head came over to pick me up. 289 00:15:04,586 --> 00:15:06,931 And we went over to his apartment, 290 00:15:07,034 --> 00:15:10,931 and there was a small keyboard in the corner. 291 00:15:11,034 --> 00:15:13,620 And as we were talking, I just kind of felt drawn 292 00:15:13,724 --> 00:15:15,620 to walk over to it. 293 00:15:15,724 --> 00:15:19,551 And I sat down, and that's when my hands 294 00:15:19,655 --> 00:15:21,896 just started to absolutely go 295 00:15:22,000 --> 00:15:24,655 like I'd been playing for years. 296 00:15:24,758 --> 00:15:27,931 And it was a pretty profound moment 297 00:15:28,034 --> 00:15:29,344 because I had never touched a piano. 298 00:15:29,448 --> 00:15:31,827 [playing mid-tempo melody] 299 00:15:33,965 --> 00:15:35,758 I did not see those black and white squares 300 00:15:35,862 --> 00:15:37,310 prior to my head injury. 301 00:15:37,413 --> 00:15:39,586 And then after some time working with some doctors, 302 00:15:39,689 --> 00:15:41,172 we kind of put these pieces together 303 00:15:41,275 --> 00:15:43,310 to understand that those little boxes are the notes 304 00:15:43,413 --> 00:15:46,758 that are telling my hands what to do and where to go. 305 00:15:46,862 --> 00:15:49,965 [piano playing gentle classical music] 306 00:15:50,068 --> 00:15:53,655 SHATNER: In the years after his accident, 307 00:15:53,758 --> 00:15:55,413 Derek has become a virtuoso pianist, 308 00:15:55,517 --> 00:15:59,103 and has played on stages across the United States. 309 00:15:59,206 --> 00:16:01,034 And even though thousands of people 310 00:16:01,137 --> 00:16:04,206 have now seen him perform, the question still remains: 311 00:16:04,310 --> 00:16:08,896 How did Derek develop his incredible ability, 312 00:16:09,000 --> 00:16:12,724 seemingly overnight, and without ever taking 313 00:16:12,827 --> 00:16:15,379 a single piano lesson? 314 00:16:15,482 --> 00:16:17,379 [applause] 315 00:16:17,482 --> 00:16:19,965 AMATO: My reaction at the moment I discovered my hands 316 00:16:20,068 --> 00:16:21,827 were playing the piano was, 317 00:16:21,931 --> 00:16:24,551 "How am I going to explain this to someone?" 318 00:16:24,655 --> 00:16:27,862 I became so curious that I started looking on the Internet 319 00:16:27,965 --> 00:16:29,793 for any information I could find on it. 320 00:16:29,896 --> 00:16:31,724 And they even had a title for it 321 00:16:31,827 --> 00:16:33,827 as "acquired savant syndrome." 322 00:16:33,931 --> 00:16:35,448 And that was all new words for me because 323 00:16:35,551 --> 00:16:38,137 I thought a savant was a French pastry. 324 00:16:39,379 --> 00:16:41,241 HO: Acquired savant syndrome means that after 325 00:16:41,344 --> 00:16:42,896 some kind of brain injury or damage, 326 00:16:43,000 --> 00:16:45,034 all of a sudden this person becomes 327 00:16:45,137 --> 00:16:47,241 really specialized in some area 328 00:16:47,344 --> 00:16:50,068 that they previously had no skill in. 329 00:16:50,172 --> 00:16:52,724 SCHNEIDER: Scientists have identified damage to 330 00:16:52,827 --> 00:16:54,241 a particular area of the brain, 331 00:16:54,344 --> 00:16:58,275 the left anterior temporal lobe, as being essential 332 00:16:58,379 --> 00:17:02,034 to the creation of acquired savant syndrome. 333 00:17:02,137 --> 00:17:04,551 The theory is that perhaps, 334 00:17:04,655 --> 00:17:07,103 because the left hemisphere started to go dark 335 00:17:07,206 --> 00:17:09,758 after this injury, now the right side could feel free 336 00:17:09,862 --> 00:17:12,241 to express themselves fully, 337 00:17:12,344 --> 00:17:14,275 and they develop these artistic abilities. 338 00:17:16,206 --> 00:17:18,620 SHATNER: The remarkable abilities of people like Derek Amato 339 00:17:18,724 --> 00:17:23,241 suggest that even if we aren't born a genius, 340 00:17:23,344 --> 00:17:26,137 there is something in our brains 341 00:17:26,241 --> 00:17:30,034 that could be rewired to make us one. 342 00:17:30,137 --> 00:17:32,137 It's an exciting notion, 343 00:17:32,241 --> 00:17:34,241 especially if we could find some way to unlock 344 00:17:34,344 --> 00:17:37,448 our brain's potential not by accident... 345 00:17:39,413 --> 00:17:43,034 ...but whenever and however we want to. 346 00:17:44,448 --> 00:17:48,137 Suppose we walk into a mind design center, 347 00:17:48,241 --> 00:17:51,068 and we see a menu before us, 348 00:17:51,172 --> 00:17:54,275 and one item is called "Human Calculator," 349 00:17:54,379 --> 00:17:57,896 and another item is called "Immediate Mozart," 350 00:17:58,000 --> 00:18:01,931 another "Immediate Picasso." 351 00:18:02,034 --> 00:18:03,413 How many would you choose? 352 00:18:03,517 --> 00:18:06,793 Will there be trade-offs if we try to induce 353 00:18:06,896 --> 00:18:09,827 savant behavior in ordinary people? 354 00:18:09,931 --> 00:18:11,344 We just don't know. 355 00:18:13,275 --> 00:18:15,862 [playing gentle melody] 356 00:18:15,965 --> 00:18:17,965 AMATO: I believe we all have these. 357 00:18:18,068 --> 00:18:21,068 And it may not be musical gifts in all of us, 358 00:18:21,172 --> 00:18:23,034 but I think we're designed gifted. 359 00:18:23,137 --> 00:18:25,172 And I think it's just a matter of discovery 360 00:18:25,275 --> 00:18:26,448 from there on out. 361 00:18:26,551 --> 00:18:28,413 ♪ 362 00:18:30,413 --> 00:18:34,517 What began as a horrible swimming pool accident 363 00:18:34,620 --> 00:18:37,137 somehow transformed Derek Amato's brain 364 00:18:37,241 --> 00:18:39,275 into that of a musical genius, 365 00:18:39,379 --> 00:18:44,724 and his life into one of great opportunity. 366 00:18:44,827 --> 00:18:48,000 But what if someone finds out that the brain they have 367 00:18:48,103 --> 00:18:52,137 is not that of a genius but of a criminal? 368 00:18:52,241 --> 00:18:55,310 And not only a criminal... 369 00:18:55,413 --> 00:19:00,310 but a brain that matches that of a serial killer. 370 00:19:04,137 --> 00:19:06,034 SHATNER: Florida State Prison. 371 00:19:06,137 --> 00:19:08,206 January 21, 1989. 372 00:19:17,137 --> 00:19:19,448 SHATNER: Days before his execution, 373 00:19:19,551 --> 00:19:21,965 convicted serial killer Ted Bundy 374 00:19:22,068 --> 00:19:24,896 confesses to the murder of at least 30 people, 375 00:19:25,000 --> 00:19:29,620 ending a crime spree that lasted for more than a decade. 376 00:19:29,724 --> 00:19:33,068 HICKEY: We often use Ted Bundy as the perfect example of a psychopath 377 00:19:33,172 --> 00:19:35,344 because he had all the attributes. 378 00:19:35,448 --> 00:19:37,896 He was charming. He was likable. 379 00:19:38,000 --> 00:19:41,103 He was k-kind of handsome guy. He was very articulate. 380 00:19:41,206 --> 00:19:45,310 He knew how to ingratiate himself into people's lives, 381 00:19:45,413 --> 00:19:47,206 and he did all the things 382 00:19:47,310 --> 00:19:49,344 that you expect a normal person to do, 383 00:19:49,448 --> 00:19:53,241 and yet, every step of the way, everything he did was about him. 384 00:19:53,344 --> 00:19:56,896 He was a predator. He never stopped being a predator. 385 00:19:57,000 --> 00:19:59,103 SHATNER: But how could an otherwise 386 00:19:59,206 --> 00:20:03,068 clean-cut and successful young man like Ted Bundy 387 00:20:03,172 --> 00:20:06,724 become a cold-blooded, psychopathic killer? 388 00:20:06,827 --> 00:20:10,413 Did the circumstances of his life turn him into one, 389 00:20:10,517 --> 00:20:14,827 or was he literally born to kill? 390 00:20:14,931 --> 00:20:16,793 HO: There's been a lot of studies lately 391 00:20:16,896 --> 00:20:18,896 on the brains of psychopaths. 392 00:20:19,000 --> 00:20:21,517 And some of the most important findings is that we see that 393 00:20:21,620 --> 00:20:22,827 they have a connectivity problem 394 00:20:22,931 --> 00:20:24,172 with different parts of their brain. 395 00:20:24,275 --> 00:20:26,965 FALLON: From the scans that I had seen, 396 00:20:27,068 --> 00:20:28,896 scans of all these different murderers, 397 00:20:29,000 --> 00:20:30,827 including psychopathic murderers, 398 00:20:30,931 --> 00:20:32,862 there was the same pattern, and that same pattern 399 00:20:32,965 --> 00:20:36,034 was a loss of activity in this area of the brain, 400 00:20:36,137 --> 00:20:38,034 above the eyes, above the orbits, 401 00:20:38,137 --> 00:20:39,896 so it's called orbital cortex. 402 00:20:40,000 --> 00:20:43,034 This is the limbic system, the cortical limbic system, 403 00:20:43,137 --> 00:20:45,137 and this is what's turned off. 404 00:20:45,241 --> 00:20:49,034 When we look at someone who is a true psychopath, 405 00:20:49,137 --> 00:20:52,241 it's most likely you'll not find much brain activity 406 00:20:52,344 --> 00:20:54,103 in the limbic system. 407 00:20:54,206 --> 00:20:58,379 And those parts contain areas of empathy and understanding, 408 00:20:58,482 --> 00:21:00,793 care and concern, conscience. 409 00:21:00,896 --> 00:21:03,620 This seems to line up with the reports of psychopaths, 410 00:21:03,724 --> 00:21:05,448 you know, doing some horrific things, 411 00:21:05,551 --> 00:21:06,965 you know, killing multiple people 412 00:21:07,068 --> 00:21:09,482 and then just getting back up, going to a movie, 413 00:21:09,586 --> 00:21:11,137 eating McDonald's within the hour. 414 00:21:11,241 --> 00:21:13,344 They just don't seem to have their emotions 415 00:21:13,448 --> 00:21:16,862 stimulated the way that a normal person's brain would. 416 00:21:18,275 --> 00:21:21,344 There have already been studies about trying to rewire the brain 417 00:21:21,448 --> 00:21:23,793 of psychopaths, in that we're trying to improve 418 00:21:23,896 --> 00:21:25,793 some of their connectivity problems. 419 00:21:25,896 --> 00:21:27,896 Because if we see that there's an issue 420 00:21:28,000 --> 00:21:29,655 with two parts of the brain not communicating well 421 00:21:29,758 --> 00:21:32,724 with each other, maybe we can send some electrical impulses 422 00:21:32,827 --> 00:21:34,482 through it and see if we can stimulate them 423 00:21:34,586 --> 00:21:36,551 into more action. 424 00:21:36,655 --> 00:21:40,379 TAYLOR: If we do a brain scan on every baby that's born, 425 00:21:40,482 --> 00:21:43,517 and we decide that this one has the type of brain 426 00:21:43,620 --> 00:21:45,965 that's going to be a criminal mind, 427 00:21:46,068 --> 00:21:48,000 what do we do with that? 428 00:21:48,103 --> 00:21:53,103 Is that, uh, something that we have to retrain this child? 429 00:21:53,206 --> 00:21:57,172 Do we keep this child under protection as they grow up? 430 00:21:57,275 --> 00:22:00,206 How do we respond to that type of information? 431 00:22:02,413 --> 00:22:05,172 FALLON: Are we more determined by genetics or environment? 432 00:22:05,275 --> 00:22:07,827 We had an ongoing Alzheimer's study 433 00:22:07,931 --> 00:22:10,103 that we were doing a clinical trial on, 434 00:22:10,206 --> 00:22:12,241 but we didn't have enough controls. 435 00:22:12,344 --> 00:22:15,206 And so I said, "Look-it, I'll ask my family." 436 00:22:15,310 --> 00:22:17,379 We'll get them all in, do PET scans, 437 00:22:17,482 --> 00:22:19,482 and they'll be controls because in our family, 438 00:22:19,586 --> 00:22:21,103 there is no Alzheimer's. 439 00:22:21,206 --> 00:22:26,137 And so I went through this pile of these Alzheimer's scans, 440 00:22:26,241 --> 00:22:29,034 and we cover up the names, 'cause I don't like to know 441 00:22:29,137 --> 00:22:30,241 who I'm looking at, what I'm looking at. 442 00:22:30,344 --> 00:22:31,965 You got to stay double blind, right? 443 00:22:32,068 --> 00:22:34,758 And each one was normal, normal, normal. 444 00:22:34,862 --> 00:22:37,068 But I got to the last scan, 445 00:22:37,172 --> 00:22:40,862 and I saw this very obviously completely psychopathic pattern. 446 00:22:40,965 --> 00:22:42,517 It looked like all these psychopathic murderers 447 00:22:42,620 --> 00:22:44,103 I'd looked at. 448 00:22:44,206 --> 00:22:46,275 I said to the technician, "This is very funny. 449 00:22:46,379 --> 00:22:48,724 "You-You've slipped in one of these psychopathic murderers. 450 00:22:48,827 --> 00:22:50,482 "This is like the worst one I've seen, 451 00:22:50,586 --> 00:22:53,172 and whoever this is, we got to notify the police." 452 00:22:53,275 --> 00:22:55,206 And he goes, "This is somebody who's very dangerous." 453 00:22:55,310 --> 00:22:59,103 So when I pulled off the name tag on the PET scan, 454 00:22:59,206 --> 00:23:01,448 I looked at it and laughed. I said, "Guys, look-it, 455 00:23:01,551 --> 00:23:04,034 this can't be right." It was my name on there. 456 00:23:04,137 --> 00:23:06,758 So it was me that had the full-blown 457 00:23:06,862 --> 00:23:08,896 psychopathic pattern in my scans. 458 00:23:10,241 --> 00:23:12,413 Jim Fallon found that he actually has 459 00:23:12,517 --> 00:23:15,103 sort of this classic psychopathic brain 460 00:23:15,206 --> 00:23:16,931 from an imaging perspective, 461 00:23:17,034 --> 00:23:20,000 but he's in a long-term relationship, he has a wife, 462 00:23:20,103 --> 00:23:22,137 and sometimes she has to remind him to be 463 00:23:22,241 --> 00:23:24,379 more empathetic, but he's a good citizen. 464 00:23:24,482 --> 00:23:28,551 HICKEY: I would say that 30% is about biology and genetics, 465 00:23:28,655 --> 00:23:32,310 and 70% is about nurturing or the lack of nurturing. 466 00:23:32,413 --> 00:23:38,172 It's like nature loads the gun and nurturing pulls the trigger. 467 00:23:38,275 --> 00:23:40,965 FALLON: Charisma is really a psychopathic trait. 468 00:23:41,068 --> 00:23:43,103 And so growing up, all through my teens, 469 00:23:43,206 --> 00:23:44,931 high school, I was very popular. 470 00:23:45,034 --> 00:23:46,551 You know, popular and class clown, 471 00:23:46,655 --> 00:23:49,758 and a ton of friends, and a ton of female friends, 472 00:23:49,862 --> 00:23:51,413 and really got along with everybody. 473 00:23:51,517 --> 00:23:53,620 I never thought anything was wrong, 474 00:23:53,724 --> 00:23:58,068 even though from the time I was 11, 12 years old onward, 475 00:23:58,172 --> 00:24:00,724 all the time, some adults would say to me, 476 00:24:00,827 --> 00:24:02,379 "There's something quite evil about you," 477 00:24:02,482 --> 00:24:04,482 even though they couldn't put their finger on it. 478 00:24:06,310 --> 00:24:09,000 SHATNER: Although, according to his own research, 479 00:24:09,103 --> 00:24:11,551 James Fallon's brain is similar to those 480 00:24:11,655 --> 00:24:14,896 possessed by people with psychopathic tendencies, 481 00:24:15,000 --> 00:24:17,551 he hasn't gone on to commit murder. 482 00:24:17,655 --> 00:24:19,551 But why not? 483 00:24:19,655 --> 00:24:24,068 Could it be that the urge to kill requires something more, 484 00:24:24,172 --> 00:24:28,103 something harder to identify within the human brain? 485 00:24:28,206 --> 00:24:31,172 Perhaps the answer lies not in studying 486 00:24:31,275 --> 00:24:33,931 the brain's physical attributes 487 00:24:34,034 --> 00:24:37,517 but those of a less tangible nature. 488 00:24:37,620 --> 00:24:40,172 Maybe it has something to do with not the biology 489 00:24:40,275 --> 00:24:43,275 of the brain but with the brain's ability 490 00:24:43,379 --> 00:24:49,275 to send and receive signals from far outside the human body. 491 00:24:56,517 --> 00:24:59,034 SHATNER: May 2006. 492 00:24:59,137 --> 00:25:02,068 Steven B. Williams, a successful radio host 493 00:25:02,172 --> 00:25:05,862 and deejay from Colorado, has gone missing. 494 00:25:05,965 --> 00:25:09,758 For the next two weeks, police engage in a massive search. 495 00:25:09,862 --> 00:25:13,689 But despite their efforts, there's still no trace of him. 496 00:25:13,793 --> 00:25:17,827 Desperate for answers, a close friend of Williams 497 00:25:17,931 --> 00:25:21,379 decides to enlist the help of Angela Smith, 498 00:25:21,482 --> 00:25:24,448 a woman with a unique talent: 499 00:25:24,551 --> 00:25:27,586 remote viewing. 500 00:25:29,103 --> 00:25:31,896 He didn't want to give me any up-front information, 501 00:25:32,000 --> 00:25:35,241 because in remote viewing, often that can contaminate 502 00:25:35,344 --> 00:25:38,586 the viewing and lead to imagination, et cetera. 503 00:25:38,689 --> 00:25:42,620 The process I use consists of sitting with 504 00:25:42,724 --> 00:25:44,793 a pack of white paper and a pen, 505 00:25:44,896 --> 00:25:47,482 uh, a couple of letters and numbers, 506 00:25:47,586 --> 00:25:49,103 and often nothing more. 507 00:25:49,206 --> 00:25:52,862 You go through accessing colors and shapes 508 00:25:52,965 --> 00:25:55,620 and smells and tastes, and going in your mind 509 00:25:55,724 --> 00:25:58,862 to the location and perceiving 510 00:25:58,965 --> 00:26:01,379 and bringing back the information. 511 00:26:03,275 --> 00:26:08,000 I did a session and found water, brackish water, 512 00:26:08,103 --> 00:26:10,724 a land mass, an event that happened. 513 00:26:12,896 --> 00:26:15,551 And it seemed that the individual in question 514 00:26:15,655 --> 00:26:17,827 had been killed, was in the water, 515 00:26:17,931 --> 00:26:21,275 and a lot of other surrounding information. 516 00:26:23,931 --> 00:26:25,896 In 2006, I was a commander 517 00:26:26,000 --> 00:26:27,344 for the Los Angeles Sheriff's Department, 518 00:26:27,448 --> 00:26:30,517 and I'd been in law enforcement about 31 years. 519 00:26:30,620 --> 00:26:34,103 It was quite unusual, to say the least, 520 00:26:34,206 --> 00:26:37,931 that Angela Smith would pick up a particular homicide 521 00:26:38,034 --> 00:26:42,379 and provide detailed information and then try to help solve it. 522 00:26:42,482 --> 00:26:47,068 I called the homicide investigator and just said, 523 00:26:47,172 --> 00:26:50,448 is he working on a case with an anonymous body 524 00:26:50,551 --> 00:26:52,206 found floating in the ocean? 525 00:26:52,310 --> 00:26:55,344 By the fact that I had that much information, 526 00:26:55,448 --> 00:26:56,965 I immediately had his interest. 527 00:26:57,068 --> 00:27:00,931 So I says, "I've got some information on this." 528 00:27:01,034 --> 00:27:03,344 And I said, "I've got to tell you 529 00:27:03,448 --> 00:27:05,551 that it's gonna sound bizarre." 530 00:27:05,655 --> 00:27:10,379 SHATNER: Using the information provided by Angela Smith, 531 00:27:10,482 --> 00:27:13,413 the police were able to identify a nameless body 532 00:27:13,517 --> 00:27:17,206 that had been found off the coast of Catalina Island. 533 00:27:17,310 --> 00:27:20,620 It was that of Steven B. Williams. 534 00:27:20,724 --> 00:27:22,517 But it didn't end there. 535 00:27:22,620 --> 00:27:25,172 Angela provided information 536 00:27:25,275 --> 00:27:30,862 not only about the victim but also about his killer. 537 00:27:33,827 --> 00:27:36,965 After the body had been identified, 538 00:27:37,068 --> 00:27:41,275 I did a profile, like an FBI profiler would do. 539 00:27:41,379 --> 00:27:45,724 And that matched a profile of an individual 540 00:27:45,827 --> 00:27:48,310 that Williams had been in contact with 541 00:27:48,413 --> 00:27:53,344 and who had actually swindled Williams out of some money. 542 00:27:53,448 --> 00:27:55,724 HEAL: The homicide investigator called me back 543 00:27:55,827 --> 00:27:57,862 three or four days later and said, 544 00:27:57,965 --> 00:28:00,034 "Hey, just so you know, this stuff's legit." 545 00:28:00,137 --> 00:28:03,862 They had a possible suspect, and they even had a motive, 546 00:28:03,965 --> 00:28:05,862 none of which they were getting 547 00:28:05,965 --> 00:28:07,655 through the conventional methods. 548 00:28:07,758 --> 00:28:10,275 I thought, "Wow, maybe there really is something to this." 549 00:28:10,379 --> 00:28:14,689 SHATNER: Steven B. Williams' killer was eventually apprehended, 550 00:28:14,793 --> 00:28:18,103 thanks, it seems, to the incredible abilities 551 00:28:18,206 --> 00:28:19,965 of Angela Smith. 552 00:28:20,068 --> 00:28:22,965 The idea of remote viewing has been around for a long time. 553 00:28:23,068 --> 00:28:25,034 It-It's been around for actually thousands of years. 554 00:28:25,137 --> 00:28:29,137 And it's the idea that you can transmit yourself 555 00:28:29,241 --> 00:28:32,655 out of your body and go view other places 556 00:28:32,758 --> 00:28:35,310 and-and get information, and then figure out 557 00:28:35,413 --> 00:28:38,517 what was going on without ever having to go there. 558 00:28:38,620 --> 00:28:43,344 SMITH: What science has found so far, they attach electrodes 559 00:28:43,448 --> 00:28:45,758 to the brain while somebody's doing remote viewing. 560 00:28:45,862 --> 00:28:48,068 Sometimes you're accessing information 561 00:28:48,172 --> 00:28:51,206 with the right brain, reporting it and writing it down 562 00:28:51,310 --> 00:28:53,965 with the left brain, so there's a dance going on. 563 00:28:54,068 --> 00:28:56,379 It's very much a whole-brain activity. 564 00:28:56,482 --> 00:29:00,310 SHATNER: Can remote viewing really provide visions 565 00:29:00,413 --> 00:29:03,586 of people, places, things, 566 00:29:03,689 --> 00:29:06,068 no matter where they are on Earth? 567 00:29:06,172 --> 00:29:08,413 The very notion seems absurd. 568 00:29:08,517 --> 00:29:12,551 And yet, there was a time when some thought 569 00:29:12,655 --> 00:29:16,931 this practice could be used to win the Cold War. 570 00:29:18,931 --> 00:29:20,689 WHITEHEAD: The Russians, during the Cold War, 571 00:29:20,793 --> 00:29:23,586 were investing millions of dollars in parapsychology, 572 00:29:23,689 --> 00:29:26,103 psychic phenomena, remote viewing. 573 00:29:26,206 --> 00:29:27,931 And the Americans felt that they had to keep up 574 00:29:28,034 --> 00:29:30,034 with the Russians, and so they developed 575 00:29:30,137 --> 00:29:33,413 their own classified program, and were basically trying 576 00:29:33,517 --> 00:29:36,172 to train psychic spies. 577 00:29:36,275 --> 00:29:39,482 JOE McMONEAGLE: I was one of the first people that was recruited 578 00:29:39,586 --> 00:29:41,103 for the remote viewing program, 579 00:29:41,206 --> 00:29:43,793 what's now being referred to as the Stargate program. 580 00:29:43,896 --> 00:29:46,689 I was recruited in October of 1978. 581 00:29:46,793 --> 00:29:48,241 [crowd chanting] 582 00:29:48,344 --> 00:29:50,448 WHITEHEAD: In the late '70s, there had just been 583 00:29:50,551 --> 00:29:52,172 a revolution in Iran, 584 00:29:52,275 --> 00:29:56,068 and in November of 1979, a group of students 585 00:29:56,172 --> 00:29:59,655 who were revolutionaries took over the U.S. embassy 586 00:29:59,758 --> 00:30:02,103 and took dozens of American hostages. 587 00:30:05,068 --> 00:30:08,241 So, when this hostage situation unfolded, 588 00:30:08,344 --> 00:30:11,068 U.S. intelligence had very little information 589 00:30:11,172 --> 00:30:12,793 about how many hostages they were, 590 00:30:12,896 --> 00:30:15,758 where they were being held, et cetera. 591 00:30:15,862 --> 00:30:18,862 It was reported later that there was a team 592 00:30:18,965 --> 00:30:21,000 of remote viewers that were actually working 593 00:30:21,103 --> 00:30:24,103 out of a secret location in Maryland just outside of D.C., 594 00:30:24,206 --> 00:30:26,931 and that they were trying to find out 595 00:30:27,034 --> 00:30:29,620 what was going on inside the embassy. 596 00:30:31,931 --> 00:30:36,172 McMONEAGLE: They said we need to know who's a hostage in this place 597 00:30:36,275 --> 00:30:38,965 where an embassy was taken over. 598 00:30:39,068 --> 00:30:41,724 Some of the other things we were asked to do 599 00:30:41,827 --> 00:30:44,068 was describe how they were being treated, 600 00:30:44,172 --> 00:30:46,724 what they were being fed, how they were being guarded, 601 00:30:46,827 --> 00:30:48,344 other things like that. 602 00:30:48,448 --> 00:30:52,103 In this case, we were able to identify 603 00:30:52,206 --> 00:30:54,344 pretty much most of the hostages. 604 00:30:54,448 --> 00:30:58,206 WHITEHEAD: They actually based legitimate intelligence efforts 605 00:30:58,310 --> 00:31:00,379 on the information that they got 606 00:31:00,482 --> 00:31:02,689 from many of these psychic remote viewers, 607 00:31:02,793 --> 00:31:04,758 and so we know it works, 608 00:31:04,862 --> 00:31:08,448 but we're still trying to figure out exactly how it works. 609 00:31:08,551 --> 00:31:12,448 SHATNER: Espionage typically relies on high-tech equipment 610 00:31:12,551 --> 00:31:17,034 like satellites, radio receivers and computers. 611 00:31:17,137 --> 00:31:21,206 But according to those who practice remote viewing, 612 00:31:21,310 --> 00:31:25,241 this technology is no match for the greatest computer 613 00:31:25,344 --> 00:31:29,551 in the world: the human brain. 614 00:31:29,655 --> 00:31:35,172 McMONEAGLE: I've been remote viewing now for 42, 43 years, constantly. 615 00:31:35,275 --> 00:31:40,275 People ask me, "Well, how do you get information to come down?" 616 00:31:40,379 --> 00:31:44,965 I go to a place in my mind where it's very quiet, 617 00:31:45,068 --> 00:31:48,413 and I just open to whatever information's gonna come. 618 00:31:51,034 --> 00:31:55,103 SMITH: I believe that everybody has a natural intuitive ability. 619 00:31:55,206 --> 00:31:57,586 So, remote viewing training 620 00:31:57,689 --> 00:32:00,862 focuses on that natural ability and enhances it. 621 00:32:00,965 --> 00:32:05,034 What it says about the brain is that our brains are plastic. 622 00:32:05,137 --> 00:32:08,310 They're able to adapt and able to learn. 623 00:32:12,068 --> 00:32:14,965 Did Angela Smith's remarkable mental abilities 624 00:32:15,068 --> 00:32:18,448 really help the police solve a baffling crime? 625 00:32:18,551 --> 00:32:21,344 There are many associated with the case 626 00:32:21,448 --> 00:32:24,551 who believe the answer is a firm yes, 627 00:32:24,655 --> 00:32:27,517 just as there are those who believe that the contents 628 00:32:27,620 --> 00:32:31,896 of an entire human brain can actually be uploaded 629 00:32:32,000 --> 00:32:35,275 like data into a computer, 630 00:32:35,379 --> 00:32:40,344 and that, once transferred, it can not only be stored 631 00:32:40,448 --> 00:32:44,413 but used over and over again... 632 00:32:44,517 --> 00:32:45,862 forever. 633 00:32:50,068 --> 00:32:52,103 SHATNER: Boston, Massachusetts. 634 00:32:52,206 --> 00:32:53,862 March 2018. 635 00:32:53,965 --> 00:32:58,034 Nectome, a biotechnology startup company, 636 00:32:58,137 --> 00:33:03,172 announces an audacious and controversial plan. 637 00:33:03,275 --> 00:33:04,689 - Their vision? - [monitor beeping steadily] 638 00:33:04,793 --> 00:33:06,310 A groundbreaking technique 639 00:33:06,413 --> 00:33:10,517 that can take the data stored inside a human brain 640 00:33:10,620 --> 00:33:14,137 and transfer it into a computer. 641 00:33:15,896 --> 00:33:19,413 There are companies like Nectome that are attempting 642 00:33:19,517 --> 00:33:22,931 to preserve the brain and the mind. 643 00:33:24,586 --> 00:33:27,137 Our methods of analyzing the connections 644 00:33:27,241 --> 00:33:30,137 between neurons in the brain are getting really good. 645 00:33:30,241 --> 00:33:32,620 And so, eventually we'll be able to model the connections 646 00:33:32,724 --> 00:33:35,275 between all the neurons, and at that point, 647 00:33:35,379 --> 00:33:37,793 we'll have a better idea as to whether or not its possible 648 00:33:37,896 --> 00:33:40,068 to upload a brain into the cloud, 649 00:33:40,172 --> 00:33:43,413 but we'll have to wait and see what happens. 650 00:33:45,482 --> 00:33:49,413 SCHNEIDER: Uploading is the process of basically copying and encoding 651 00:33:49,517 --> 00:33:53,862 someone's mental life onto a computer. 652 00:33:53,965 --> 00:33:57,758 Advocates of uploading believe that that would really be a way 653 00:33:57,862 --> 00:34:00,862 for you to survive the death of your brain. 654 00:34:02,551 --> 00:34:05,655 KAKU: And now people say, "Well, if I'm immortal, 655 00:34:05,758 --> 00:34:07,896 "and I'm living my life inside a computer, 656 00:34:08,000 --> 00:34:10,448 isn't that rather boring?" 657 00:34:10,551 --> 00:34:14,275 No. Because this mainframe computer will connect 658 00:34:14,379 --> 00:34:18,586 to a mechanical avatar that is superhuman in every way. 659 00:34:18,689 --> 00:34:20,620 And you will see through its eyes. 660 00:34:20,724 --> 00:34:22,655 You'll feel through its sense organs. 661 00:34:22,758 --> 00:34:26,862 So, in other words, we will have a form of digital immortality. 662 00:34:28,793 --> 00:34:30,896 SHATNER: Digital immortality. 663 00:34:31,000 --> 00:34:33,793 The incredible notion that we might someday 664 00:34:33,896 --> 00:34:36,448 be able to live forever. 665 00:34:38,137 --> 00:34:40,827 But if the information inside our brains 666 00:34:40,931 --> 00:34:43,034 can be copied and transferred, 667 00:34:43,137 --> 00:34:46,482 like information onto a computer hard drive, 668 00:34:46,586 --> 00:34:49,827 - does that mean it can keep and store everything? - [echoing laughter] 669 00:34:49,931 --> 00:34:53,586 Like our personalities, perhaps? 670 00:34:53,689 --> 00:34:57,000 Or would something be lost in translation? 671 00:34:57,103 --> 00:34:59,862 There are two issues to consider here. 672 00:34:59,965 --> 00:35:04,379 First of all, why believe that a digital copy of you 673 00:35:04,482 --> 00:35:06,344 is capable of being conscious? 674 00:35:06,448 --> 00:35:11,206 The second issue is that it doesn't at all follow 675 00:35:11,310 --> 00:35:13,206 that that being would really be you, 676 00:35:13,310 --> 00:35:19,068 that you are the survivor rather than a digital copy. 677 00:35:19,172 --> 00:35:21,724 Consciousness is one of the most hard-to-define phenomena 678 00:35:21,827 --> 00:35:23,413 about the human brain, 679 00:35:23,517 --> 00:35:25,758 and it's also what separates us from all other species. 680 00:35:25,862 --> 00:35:29,172 It's this idea that we have internal reflection. 681 00:35:29,275 --> 00:35:32,448 Can we actually live on forever in a computer and still be able 682 00:35:32,551 --> 00:35:34,310 to preserve all our memories, all our friendships, 683 00:35:34,413 --> 00:35:36,068 all of the different things that we love? 684 00:35:36,172 --> 00:35:37,724 And I think that that's a very romantic notion 685 00:35:37,827 --> 00:35:39,482 for a lot of people, 686 00:35:39,586 --> 00:35:42,034 that they want to feel like there's a way to go on forever. 687 00:35:42,137 --> 00:35:45,379 But you can't separate the brain from the rest of your body. 688 00:35:47,034 --> 00:35:48,862 TAYLOR: Consciousness requires a thing 689 00:35:48,965 --> 00:35:51,172 called non-computability. 690 00:35:51,275 --> 00:35:53,758 Non-computability is why this person likes chocolate 691 00:35:53,862 --> 00:35:56,034 and that person doesn't. 692 00:35:56,137 --> 00:35:59,620 There isn't a mathematical algorithm that can create that. 693 00:35:59,724 --> 00:36:02,827 DENNIN: We probably aren't at the point where we understand well enough 694 00:36:02,931 --> 00:36:04,896 what makes it human and conscious 695 00:36:05,000 --> 00:36:08,206 to really recreate that in the computer. 696 00:36:09,862 --> 00:36:12,310 My guess is your consciousness in you 697 00:36:12,413 --> 00:36:16,655 is more than just the composition of your brain. 698 00:36:16,758 --> 00:36:19,103 I think there is a special combination that makes us human 699 00:36:19,206 --> 00:36:20,793 that at the moment is a secret. 700 00:36:20,896 --> 00:36:22,137 I'm not convinced science won't be able 701 00:36:22,241 --> 00:36:24,034 to figure it out at some point. 702 00:36:26,068 --> 00:36:28,793 SHATNER: In this day and age, we tend to believe 703 00:36:28,896 --> 00:36:30,655 that anything can be accomplished through 704 00:36:30,758 --> 00:36:32,413 the power of technology. 705 00:36:32,517 --> 00:36:36,034 But in the case of digitizing the human consciousness, 706 00:36:36,137 --> 00:36:39,034 there seems to be a unique combination of factors 707 00:36:39,137 --> 00:36:40,931 that can't simply be reduced 708 00:36:41,034 --> 00:36:44,862 - to a series of ones and zeroes. - [excited chatter] 709 00:36:44,965 --> 00:36:47,206 And according to many neuroscientists, 710 00:36:47,310 --> 00:36:50,137 the reason we can't transfer a person's personality 711 00:36:50,241 --> 00:36:53,517 - from inside their head to a computer - [laughter] 712 00:36:53,620 --> 00:36:58,827 is because our minds are already networked to something else, 713 00:36:58,931 --> 00:37:02,172 something outside our bodies. 714 00:37:04,206 --> 00:37:06,965 There's a sense that you even have as a child 715 00:37:07,068 --> 00:37:09,482 that there's something beyond us, outside of us. 716 00:37:09,586 --> 00:37:12,724 There's this otherness involved and this, 717 00:37:12,827 --> 00:37:14,689 perhaps, connection with the universe. 718 00:37:14,793 --> 00:37:18,241 TAYLOR: You yourself are a part of the universe. 719 00:37:18,344 --> 00:37:20,000 I don't mean you're in the universe. 720 00:37:20,103 --> 00:37:22,275 I mean, you are literally a piece of this universe, 721 00:37:22,379 --> 00:37:24,344 so you are connected to everything else, 722 00:37:24,448 --> 00:37:25,793 everywhere else. 723 00:37:25,896 --> 00:37:29,206 When you have thoughts in your mind, 724 00:37:29,310 --> 00:37:32,413 they are reaching out and connecting with other things 725 00:37:32,517 --> 00:37:35,758 that are similar to those thoughts in the universe. 726 00:37:35,862 --> 00:37:39,034 So it's possible that our brains 727 00:37:39,137 --> 00:37:43,448 could be acting like transceivers to receive that. 728 00:37:43,551 --> 00:37:45,379 WHITEHEAD: If you think of the way your smartphone connects 729 00:37:45,482 --> 00:37:47,931 to the Internet or to a Wi-Fi network, 730 00:37:48,034 --> 00:37:49,965 the human mind is actually connecting 731 00:37:50,068 --> 00:37:52,103 to a field of information. 732 00:37:52,206 --> 00:37:55,068 There seems to be this ability that humans have, 733 00:37:55,172 --> 00:37:58,241 somewhere deep down in the darkest corners of our mind, 734 00:37:58,344 --> 00:38:01,206 to be able to tap into information fields 735 00:38:01,310 --> 00:38:04,586 that are not readily known by us. 736 00:38:04,689 --> 00:38:09,379 STUART HAMEROFF: This means that consciousness can extend outside the brain. 737 00:38:09,482 --> 00:38:14,275 So when people say, "Is the brain a generating consciousness 738 00:38:14,379 --> 00:38:16,793 "or is it a receiver for consciousness 739 00:38:16,896 --> 00:38:20,068 that's present in the universe?" I think it's a bit of both. 740 00:38:23,344 --> 00:38:27,448 SHATNER: If our minds can tap into the very fabric of the universe, 741 00:38:27,551 --> 00:38:29,931 could that help to explain why the human brain 742 00:38:30,034 --> 00:38:33,103 is still such a mystery? 743 00:38:33,206 --> 00:38:36,965 Is it ultimately too vast and complex 744 00:38:37,068 --> 00:38:40,586 to figure out by means of simple biology? 745 00:38:40,689 --> 00:38:44,655 There are those who believe the answer is yes. 746 00:38:44,758 --> 00:38:47,172 And, if that's the case, 747 00:38:47,275 --> 00:38:50,103 how can we even be sure that everything we know, 748 00:38:50,206 --> 00:38:53,275 our thoughts, our very memories, for example, 749 00:38:53,379 --> 00:38:57,758 are safe from being stolen by outside forces? 750 00:38:57,862 --> 00:38:59,689 [chuckles] 751 00:38:59,793 --> 00:39:03,000 The fact is they're not. 752 00:39:03,103 --> 00:39:04,586 [beeping, static crackling] 753 00:39:08,655 --> 00:39:10,103 SHATNER: Boston, Massachusetts. 754 00:39:10,206 --> 00:39:11,551 July 2013. 755 00:39:11,655 --> 00:39:14,689 Scientists at Boston University 756 00:39:14,793 --> 00:39:18,517 publish the results of an extraordinary experiment, 757 00:39:18,620 --> 00:39:23,310 results that call into question literally everything we know. 758 00:39:25,206 --> 00:39:27,586 RAMIREZ: A few years ago, we had a series of experiments 759 00:39:27,689 --> 00:39:29,344 where we were able to create a false memory 760 00:39:29,448 --> 00:39:30,758 in the rodent brain. 761 00:39:30,862 --> 00:39:32,931 We put our rodents in a safe environment 762 00:39:33,034 --> 00:39:34,965 where they were free to roam around, and we developed 763 00:39:35,068 --> 00:39:37,586 a set of genetic tricks where the brain cells 764 00:39:37,689 --> 00:39:40,241 that held onto the memory of that safe environment 765 00:39:40,344 --> 00:39:42,896 now became responsive to pulses of light. 766 00:39:43,000 --> 00:39:44,758 [lights buzzing, popping] 767 00:39:44,862 --> 00:39:47,551 So the next day, what we did was we put the animals 768 00:39:47,655 --> 00:39:49,206 in a completely different environment 769 00:39:49,310 --> 00:39:51,137 and we gave them a couple of mild foot shocks 770 00:39:51,241 --> 00:39:53,310 in that environment, in an attempt to startle them. 771 00:39:53,413 --> 00:39:54,896 But they key thing is that 772 00:39:55,000 --> 00:39:56,827 we could shoot light into the brain 773 00:39:56,931 --> 00:40:00,034 and reactivate the cells that held onto that safe memory. 774 00:40:00,137 --> 00:40:02,137 So, one of the ways that we've known 775 00:40:02,241 --> 00:40:04,896 that we've switched the memories is that the animal 776 00:40:05,000 --> 00:40:06,931 no longer behaviorally looks like its scared. 777 00:40:07,034 --> 00:40:09,862 And then that at least opened up the floodgates to this idea 778 00:40:09,965 --> 00:40:12,137 that we can artificially manipulate memories in general. 779 00:40:12,241 --> 00:40:15,793 We might be able to one day perform some kind of surgery 780 00:40:15,896 --> 00:40:18,793 or some kind of intervention in the brain to enhance memories 781 00:40:18,896 --> 00:40:21,379 that we don't want to be lost as a result of Alzheimer's. 782 00:40:21,482 --> 00:40:23,413 Or suppress memories, 783 00:40:23,517 --> 00:40:26,551 let's say, that we don't want to be there in cases of PTSD. 784 00:40:26,655 --> 00:40:28,586 Or suppress emotions, for instance, 785 00:40:28,689 --> 00:40:30,931 in certain cases of anxiety. 786 00:40:31,034 --> 00:40:35,482 Memories are stored, just like you can put memories on a card 787 00:40:35,586 --> 00:40:37,896 in a video camera or your cell phone. 788 00:40:38,000 --> 00:40:43,241 And it's possible that you could manipulate the chemical, 789 00:40:43,344 --> 00:40:45,517 the organic wiring, so to speak, 790 00:40:45,620 --> 00:40:48,241 just like you could manipulate a memory card 791 00:40:48,344 --> 00:40:50,310 in an electronic device. 792 00:40:50,413 --> 00:40:53,931 You can take one file out and put another file in. 793 00:40:56,034 --> 00:40:58,586 KAKU: In the future, we'll be able to record memories, 794 00:40:58,689 --> 00:41:03,344 play them back and alter these memories. 795 00:41:03,448 --> 00:41:06,000 And I wouldn't be surprised that, in the future, 796 00:41:06,103 --> 00:41:08,103 you'll be able to go to a library 797 00:41:08,206 --> 00:41:12,931 and have that vacation that you never had. 798 00:41:13,034 --> 00:41:14,620 TAYLOR: But once we learn 799 00:41:14,724 --> 00:41:18,931 how to add and remove files from our brains, 800 00:41:19,034 --> 00:41:22,172 if we do not have some kind of safeguard system, 801 00:41:22,275 --> 00:41:24,793 some kind of firewall to prevent other people 802 00:41:24,896 --> 00:41:26,724 from doing it without us letting them, 803 00:41:26,827 --> 00:41:29,379 then trusting our memories might be a problem. 804 00:41:31,103 --> 00:41:34,724 Implanting new thoughts into people's minds? 805 00:41:34,827 --> 00:41:37,275 Artificial memories? 806 00:41:37,379 --> 00:41:40,344 The implications are as profound as they are frightening. 807 00:41:40,448 --> 00:41:44,172 For example, how do you know if you actually watched this show? 808 00:41:44,275 --> 00:41:45,793 Perhaps someone simply created a memory 809 00:41:45,896 --> 00:41:48,689 and put it inside your head. 810 00:41:48,793 --> 00:41:50,310 Preposterous? 811 00:41:50,413 --> 00:41:52,689 How would you be able to tell the difference? 812 00:41:52,793 --> 00:41:54,965 Let's face it, just when we think we've figured out 813 00:41:55,068 --> 00:41:57,103 everything there is to learn about the human mind, 814 00:41:57,206 --> 00:41:59,931 we realize how little we really understand 815 00:42:00,034 --> 00:42:02,137 and how much more we need to know 816 00:42:02,241 --> 00:42:07,000 before there is nothing left that is unexplained. 66786

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