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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:02,000 --> 00:00:07,000 Downloaded from YTS.MX 2 00:00:08,000 --> 00:00:13,000 Official YIFY movies site: YTS.MX 3 00:00:14,431 --> 00:00:16,475 At the end of the 18003, 4 00:00:16,558 --> 00:00:19,520 a new art form flickered into life. 5 00:00:20,854 --> 00:00:23,899 It looked like our dreams. 6 00:00:23,982 --> 00:00:25,984 Movies are a multi billion-dollar, 7 00:00:26,068 --> 00:00:28,111 global entertainment industry now. 8 00:00:29,321 --> 00:00:33,450 But what drives them isn't only box office or showbiz. 9 00:00:33,534 --> 00:00:35,911 It's passion, innovation. 10 00:00:35,994 --> 00:00:39,831 Stanley donen innovated when he made singin' in the rain. 11 00:00:40,916 --> 00:00:43,752 In New Zealand, Jane campion made films 12 00:00:43,835 --> 00:00:46,296 that were both modern and gothic. 13 00:00:46,380 --> 00:00:51,301 Kyoko kagawa was in perhaps the greatest movie ever made. 14 00:00:52,469 --> 00:00:56,265 Who are their equivalents in the 21st century? 15 00:00:56,348 --> 00:00:58,433 Which films are making history now? 16 00:00:59,685 --> 00:01:03,814 Welcome to the story of film: A new generation. 17 00:01:05,732 --> 00:01:09,653 An epic tale of movie innovation around the world. 18 00:01:14,908 --> 00:01:17,953 Music: Rock 'n' roll part 2 by Gary glitter 19 00:01:19,413 --> 00:01:21,248 an angry man. 20 00:01:22,833 --> 00:01:25,168 All his life, he's felt ignored. 21 00:01:28,005 --> 00:01:30,924 But now, he's heading to be on a TV show. 22 00:01:31,008 --> 00:01:33,135 He's dressed like a joker, 23 00:01:33,218 --> 00:01:34,970 a dangerous joker. 24 00:01:35,053 --> 00:01:37,681 He's kicking, erupting. 25 00:01:37,764 --> 00:01:39,433 He's letting himself go. 26 00:01:42,811 --> 00:01:46,398 J' it's time to see what I can do 27 00:01:46,481 --> 00:01:49,943 I to test the limits and break through 28 00:01:50,027 --> 00:01:54,197 j“ no right, no wrong no rules for me 29 00:01:54,281 --> 00:01:57,618 I I'm free 30 00:01:57,701 --> 00:02:01,496 j" let it go, let it go... I 31 00:02:01,580 --> 00:02:03,165 an angry young queen. 32 00:02:03,248 --> 00:02:07,294 All her life, she's tried to hide her icy touch. 33 00:02:07,377 --> 00:02:10,339 She can freeze the world with that touch. 34 00:02:10,422 --> 00:02:13,467 She's always hated that, but no more. 35 00:02:13,550 --> 00:02:16,720 Widescreen, euphoric. 36 00:02:16,803 --> 00:02:19,806 "No right, no wrong, no rules for me." 37 00:02:19,890 --> 00:02:22,726 The joker could have sung this. 38 00:02:24,770 --> 00:02:28,774 Two of the most watched movie scenes of our times. 39 00:02:28,857 --> 00:02:31,360 Both are about release. 40 00:02:31,443 --> 00:02:34,613 Frozen is a totem, and it's for kids. 41 00:02:36,365 --> 00:02:39,743 Joker is a totem for some adults. 42 00:02:41,119 --> 00:02:45,165 Two of these people travelled from Brazil to here, 43 00:02:45,248 --> 00:02:47,918 to the steps in the Bronx in New York, 44 00:02:48,001 --> 00:02:49,586 where the dance was filmed. 45 00:02:51,463 --> 00:02:55,092 Movies, it's clear, still have power. 46 00:02:55,175 --> 00:02:57,010 They still compel us. 47 00:03:00,555 --> 00:03:02,683 They still play us like a violin 48 00:03:05,769 --> 00:03:07,521 is that a surprise? 49 00:03:07,604 --> 00:03:11,566 So much else has happened in our lives in this generation. 50 00:03:13,819 --> 00:03:16,571 No wonder we want to slip the leash, 51 00:03:16,655 --> 00:03:20,784 to escape into the parallel universe of the movies. 52 00:03:28,125 --> 00:03:30,794 This is the new cinematheque in Madrid. 53 00:03:30,877 --> 00:03:34,798 The beauty of it. A parallel universe indeed. 54 00:03:37,092 --> 00:03:40,011 Music: Magical awakening by Paul mottram 55 00:03:43,265 --> 00:03:46,017 what was that universe, the movie world, like 56 00:03:46,101 --> 00:03:47,519 in the last generation? 57 00:03:49,146 --> 00:03:51,898 What really mattered in film-making? 58 00:03:55,235 --> 00:03:58,363 Screen out all the talk of box office and oscars 59 00:03:58,447 --> 00:04:01,032 and tabloid gossip about stardom, 60 00:04:01,116 --> 00:04:03,076 and what is left? 61 00:04:03,160 --> 00:04:05,036 The medium. 62 00:04:11,960 --> 00:04:13,545 Its luminosity... 63 00:04:18,133 --> 00:04:19,676 Its shots... 64 00:04:21,428 --> 00:04:24,431 Cuts, honesty and beauty. 65 00:04:30,020 --> 00:04:33,523 What have we loved in the new millennium of film? 66 00:04:35,400 --> 00:04:36,651 And how? 67 00:04:38,528 --> 00:04:40,405 We could tell our story 68 00:04:40,489 --> 00:04:42,949 by looking at films country by country, 69 00:04:43,033 --> 00:04:46,453 but movies are good at leaping boundaries. 70 00:04:46,536 --> 00:04:49,456 Politicians are good at telling us 71 00:04:49,539 --> 00:04:51,708 that our country is unique, 72 00:04:51,792 --> 00:04:55,879 but so many aspects of the movies are country-less, 73 00:04:55,962 --> 00:04:57,380 borderless, 74 00:04:57,464 --> 00:04:59,508 so what follows will be borderless. 75 00:05:01,551 --> 00:05:05,388 When we watch a movie, it's as if we fall asleep. 76 00:05:05,472 --> 00:05:07,182 The big sleep. 77 00:05:16,024 --> 00:05:19,277 2018. A Finnish film. 78 00:05:19,361 --> 00:05:22,948 A woman looks, but then the image seems 79 00:05:23,031 --> 00:05:25,826 to buckle, crack, melt, 80 00:05:25,909 --> 00:05:28,328 and through the melting, a man. 81 00:05:28,411 --> 00:05:29,871 And then, the woman again. 82 00:05:36,336 --> 00:05:41,049 Is this a bit like what it feels to watch a film today? 83 00:05:41,132 --> 00:05:44,427 To melt into it, to dissolve into the looks 84 00:05:44,511 --> 00:05:46,429 and glances on screen. 85 00:05:52,352 --> 00:05:56,606 One of the best films of our times seems to say that. 86 00:05:56,690 --> 00:05:59,776 We're in a makeshift hospital in Thailand. 87 00:05:59,860 --> 00:06:01,945 Soldiers are sleeping. 88 00:06:02,028 --> 00:06:04,281 The doctors close the shutters 89 00:06:04,364 --> 00:06:07,742 and it's like the lights going down in a cinema. 90 00:06:07,826 --> 00:06:11,413 And that tall, thin, blue light that curves at the top, 91 00:06:11,496 --> 00:06:14,249 it wasn't there before. 92 00:06:15,625 --> 00:06:19,170 It seems to symbolise the soldiers' deep sleep, 93 00:06:19,254 --> 00:06:21,548 their dream lives. 94 00:06:21,631 --> 00:06:24,885 A woman befriends one of the soldiers 95 00:06:24,968 --> 00:06:28,346 and then, here, in the distance, 96 00:06:28,430 --> 00:06:31,266 we see her, walking with her crutches, 97 00:06:31,349 --> 00:06:34,311 and he has collapsed or fallen asleep. 98 00:06:36,479 --> 00:06:38,565 And the camera pans... 99 00:06:43,737 --> 00:06:47,866 And tilts, the very first camera movements in the film. 100 00:06:49,910 --> 00:06:52,579 And they go down on the escalator, 101 00:06:52,662 --> 00:06:55,790 down into his dreams and hers. 102 00:07:01,421 --> 00:07:03,924 The setting is an ordinary shopping mall, 103 00:07:04,007 --> 00:07:06,843 but director apichatpong weerasethakul 104 00:07:06,927 --> 00:07:11,765 finds dream states in everyday places and moments. 105 00:07:20,398 --> 00:07:24,444 And then, this slow, melting dissolve back to the hospital. 106 00:07:38,708 --> 00:07:41,419 And look how many coloured lights there are now. 107 00:07:41,503 --> 00:07:44,589 It's like the whole film falls asleep. 108 00:07:47,050 --> 00:07:51,388 What happens when we dive down into our unconscious lives, 109 00:07:51,471 --> 00:07:54,057 as in cemetery of splendour? 110 00:07:55,266 --> 00:07:58,770 What happens when the lights go down in a movie theatre? 111 00:08:02,983 --> 00:08:05,527 We leave our own world for a while, 112 00:08:05,610 --> 00:08:08,822 and cross over into the worlds of other people. 113 00:08:10,448 --> 00:08:13,118 Music: Magical awakening by Paul mottram 114 00:08:16,287 --> 00:08:19,457 the most innovative film-makers have always wanted 115 00:08:19,541 --> 00:08:22,377 to take us into these other worlds. 116 00:08:39,394 --> 00:08:42,564 To hypnotise us, to seduce us, 117 00:08:42,647 --> 00:08:44,232 to jolt us. 118 00:08:46,776 --> 00:08:48,486 And we who love the movies, 119 00:08:48,570 --> 00:08:52,615 the deep dive, don't we want to be hypnotised, 120 00:08:52,699 --> 00:08:54,826 to be taken into the unknown? 121 00:09:01,374 --> 00:09:03,460 Men chatter 122 00:09:10,050 --> 00:09:12,177 A Tuesday evening in Cairo, 123 00:09:12,260 --> 00:09:14,804 setting up a shot in the traditional way. 124 00:09:14,888 --> 00:09:17,974 Hands-on, labour intensive - 125 00:09:18,058 --> 00:09:21,227 the way films have always been made. 126 00:09:28,860 --> 00:09:32,822 Most filming follows tried and trusted methods. 127 00:09:32,906 --> 00:09:34,199 They're scheduled 128 00:09:34,282 --> 00:09:37,202 like many previous movies have been scheduled. 129 00:09:37,285 --> 00:09:41,998 They're shot with similar crews, aims and visual ideas. 130 00:09:42,082 --> 00:09:43,958 Nothing wrong with that. 131 00:09:44,042 --> 00:09:47,712 Many of our favourite films followed the conventions. 132 00:09:49,464 --> 00:09:53,593 But our story here is about the movies around the world 133 00:09:53,676 --> 00:09:56,304 that pushed the conventions... 134 00:09:57,889 --> 00:10:01,226 That came up with brand-new ways of doing things. 135 00:10:01,309 --> 00:10:05,271 They're the ones that renewed the medium of film, 136 00:10:05,355 --> 00:10:09,192 that showed us things we hadn't seen before. 137 00:10:11,069 --> 00:10:14,155 In part two of our story, we'll look at how and why 138 00:10:14,239 --> 00:10:18,409 films in the 21st century have broken the rules. 139 00:10:23,331 --> 00:10:28,002 But first, what films extended the rules? 140 00:10:28,086 --> 00:10:32,382 If you want to get crazy, we can get crazy. 141 00:10:35,844 --> 00:10:37,137 Shrieking 142 00:10:37,220 --> 00:10:40,557 what movies stretched the cinema conventions 143 00:10:40,640 --> 00:10:42,600 like mozzarella? 144 00:10:42,684 --> 00:10:44,310 Shrieking 145 00:10:45,812 --> 00:10:47,564 comedies did so, 146 00:10:47,647 --> 00:10:49,315 as did action movies, 147 00:10:49,399 --> 00:10:53,903 and films about dance, bodies, horror, slowness, 148 00:10:53,987 --> 00:10:55,780 politics 149 00:10:55,864 --> 00:10:57,824 and our dream lives. 150 00:10:57,907 --> 00:11:00,326 Let's look at comedies first. 151 00:11:00,410 --> 00:11:04,122 Which did new things in the 21st century? 152 00:11:13,756 --> 00:11:16,801 One of the world's most famous actors, aamir Khan, 153 00:11:16,885 --> 00:11:19,762 is playing an alien from another planet. 154 00:11:19,846 --> 00:11:22,807 To get home, he needs to hold people's hands. 155 00:11:22,891 --> 00:11:25,226 Very widescreen. 156 00:11:25,310 --> 00:11:28,229 The brightness, colours and musical energy 157 00:11:28,313 --> 00:11:30,315 of a hindi film dance sequence. 158 00:11:30,398 --> 00:11:32,650 Man sings in hindi 159 00:11:32,734 --> 00:11:35,820 a crane shot, like in old Hollywood. 160 00:11:39,449 --> 00:11:43,077 Khan wore green contact lenses and didn't blink throughout. 161 00:11:43,161 --> 00:11:47,165 The fun of so-called bollywood often comes 162 00:11:47,248 --> 00:11:48,958 from its choreography... 163 00:11:52,253 --> 00:11:54,047 Its world in unison. 164 00:11:54,130 --> 00:11:57,217 The alien is an innocent. 165 00:11:57,300 --> 00:12:02,639 He doesn't know what gender, religion, nation or caste are. 166 00:12:02,722 --> 00:12:05,475 He's boyishly anti-sectarian, 167 00:12:05,558 --> 00:12:08,686 exactly what India needs. 168 00:12:08,770 --> 00:12:12,482 But then, over an hour later, 169 00:12:12,565 --> 00:12:17,153 in such a light-hearted comedy, this. 170 00:12:17,237 --> 00:12:19,614 Loud explosions 171 00:12:22,992 --> 00:12:24,786 a terrorist attack, 172 00:12:24,869 --> 00:12:28,498 one of the biggest tonal shifts in contemporary cinema. 173 00:12:28,581 --> 00:12:30,750 Screaming 174 00:12:30,833 --> 00:12:32,377 electronic noises, 175 00:12:32,460 --> 00:12:37,048 as if the soundtrack itself has been mangled by the blast. 176 00:12:37,131 --> 00:12:41,511 The combination makes pk remarkable. 177 00:12:44,806 --> 00:12:47,392 It was one of the biggest box office successes 178 00:12:47,475 --> 00:12:49,769 in Indian film history, 179 00:12:49,852 --> 00:12:51,145 which means that it had 180 00:12:51,229 --> 00:12:53,773 one of the biggest audiences of our times. 181 00:12:53,856 --> 00:12:56,818 Singing in hindi 182 00:13:03,700 --> 00:13:05,868 Car horn blares 183 00:13:05,952 --> 00:13:08,871 hey, oh, oh! 184 00:13:08,955 --> 00:13:10,498 Oh, shit! 185 00:13:11,958 --> 00:13:15,461 Two teenage girls, their own body-popping world, 186 00:13:15,545 --> 00:13:18,172 riffing off each other, like the Marx brothers. 187 00:13:18,256 --> 00:13:21,426 J” yeah, we know it, keep going 188 00:13:21,509 --> 00:13:23,594 j' I came straight off the stage of glasto... j' 189 00:13:23,678 --> 00:13:25,263 - what? - What? 190 00:13:25,346 --> 00:13:27,557 Excuse me. Oh, oh. 191 00:13:27,640 --> 00:13:29,559 What? What? 192 00:13:29,642 --> 00:13:31,894 - Missed ya. - I missed you. 193 00:13:31,978 --> 00:13:34,272 - I missed you so much. - It's been one night. 194 00:13:36,733 --> 00:13:40,570 - Are we gonna go to school or? - No. I don't think we are. 195 00:13:40,653 --> 00:13:43,448 No, we're just gonna stay? Here. 196 00:13:43,531 --> 00:13:45,074 J' I don't wanna stress ya out 197 00:13:45,158 --> 00:13:47,660 j“ I just wanna tell ya the truth 198 00:13:47,744 --> 00:13:49,954 j' motherfuckers try to tear us apart... j' 199 00:13:50,038 --> 00:13:51,414 ajump cut. 200 00:13:51,497 --> 00:13:53,791 The whole film feels like a jump cut. 201 00:13:53,875 --> 00:13:57,003 I my revolution ain't me lovin' you... j” 202 00:13:57,086 --> 00:13:59,172 so full of verve. 203 00:14:00,506 --> 00:14:02,300 School life ignores them. 204 00:14:02,383 --> 00:14:03,801 Jump cut again. 205 00:14:03,885 --> 00:14:05,595 It's like they're invisible. 206 00:14:05,678 --> 00:14:07,180 I swear to god. 207 00:14:07,263 --> 00:14:10,892 Are you kidding me! Samantha! 208 00:14:10,975 --> 00:14:12,685 Where was this energy 209 00:14:12,769 --> 00:14:14,645 at my inauguration assembly, folks? 210 00:14:14,729 --> 00:14:15,772 True. 211 00:14:15,855 --> 00:14:18,441 Narrator: They're brainy and bookish, 212 00:14:18,524 --> 00:14:21,486 whereas everyone else seems to be partying. 213 00:14:21,569 --> 00:14:25,406 It's similar to the funny, private body language 214 00:14:25,490 --> 00:14:27,575 the girls had in grease. 215 00:14:27,658 --> 00:14:29,827 J” ipana with a brand-new flavour 216 00:14:29,911 --> 00:14:31,579 j' it's dandy for your teeth 217 00:14:31,662 --> 00:14:32,872 j" brush-a, brush-a, brush-a 218 00:14:32,955 --> 00:14:34,582 j” new ipana toothpaste 219 00:14:34,665 --> 00:14:36,084 j” brush-a, brush-a brush-a... j” 220 00:14:36,167 --> 00:14:37,668 j” baby, please... j” 221 00:14:37,752 --> 00:14:40,046 but grease was nostalgic. 222 00:14:40,129 --> 00:14:43,132 Booksmart is effortlessly modern... 223 00:14:43,216 --> 00:14:44,675 Oh, sorry, sorry. 224 00:14:44,759 --> 00:14:46,135 About sexuality. 225 00:14:46,219 --> 00:14:48,805 - Here. - Sharp elbows. 226 00:14:48,888 --> 00:14:50,973 Not as sharp as your... chin. 227 00:14:51,057 --> 00:14:52,100 What? 228 00:14:52,183 --> 00:14:55,603 Um, so isn't it crazy that it's the last day? 229 00:14:55,686 --> 00:14:57,271 I know, I can barely believe it. 230 00:14:57,355 --> 00:14:59,065 Are you going to come to Nick's tonight? 231 00:14:59,148 --> 00:15:01,234 His aunt went on a cruise ship that broke down, 232 00:15:01,317 --> 00:15:03,069 so Nick's throwing a party at her house. 233 00:15:03,152 --> 00:15:04,362 That's awesome. 234 00:15:04,445 --> 00:15:06,155 It's all right. 235 00:15:06,239 --> 00:15:08,074 They're... you know, they're stuck on a boat, 236 00:15:08,157 --> 00:15:09,283 shitting in buckets. 237 00:15:09,367 --> 00:15:10,660 That's not really what I meant. 238 00:15:10,743 --> 00:15:12,495 Narrator: Life keeps cutting through it. 239 00:15:12,578 --> 00:15:14,080 All right, well... 240 00:15:14,163 --> 00:15:16,332 All right, I'll see you later. 241 00:15:16,416 --> 00:15:19,043 I'll just, um... fuck! 242 00:15:19,127 --> 00:15:21,879 Narrator: The girls' chat shows how smart they are. 243 00:15:21,963 --> 00:15:24,632 That was bad. I don't even know if she's into girls. 244 00:15:24,715 --> 00:15:26,300 She wore a Polo shirt to prom. 245 00:15:26,384 --> 00:15:28,719 Well, that's just her gender performance. 246 00:15:28,803 --> 00:15:30,721 It's different from her sexual orientation. 247 00:15:30,805 --> 00:15:33,266 - I'm sorry, but I don't get it. - Well, gender is... 248 00:15:33,349 --> 00:15:35,852 No, thank you, that much I understand. 249 00:15:35,935 --> 00:15:37,979 It's just? It's a little bit shocking 250 00:15:38,062 --> 00:15:39,689 that, that you're into Ryan. 251 00:15:39,772 --> 00:15:42,150 First crush, the little white cat from the aristocats. 252 00:15:42,233 --> 00:15:44,444 You go from that to avril lavigne. 253 00:15:44,527 --> 00:15:46,612 It's just, it's not? It's not what I anticipated. 254 00:15:46,696 --> 00:15:49,490 Narrator: But they live life in theory. 255 00:15:49,574 --> 00:15:51,868 It's time for them to party. 256 00:15:53,411 --> 00:15:56,581 The quick beauty and energy of the insights. 257 00:15:56,664 --> 00:16:00,418 A film that extends the world of film comedy. 258 00:16:01,919 --> 00:16:05,673 Deadpool was just as fast, as diamond-sharp, 259 00:16:05,756 --> 00:16:08,259 even its opening titles. 260 00:16:08,342 --> 00:16:12,763 A superhero movie usually has bombastic music, 261 00:16:12,847 --> 00:16:16,893 but here the song is camp and macho-mockery. 262 00:16:16,976 --> 00:16:19,437 A slow-mo, corkscrewing, pull-out. 263 00:16:19,520 --> 00:16:23,649 And the credits. "Some douchebag's film." 264 00:16:25,151 --> 00:16:26,861 "God's perfect idiot." 265 00:16:26,944 --> 00:16:29,405 Music: Angel of the morning by juice Newton 266 00:16:29,489 --> 00:16:32,617 j” if morning's echo says... j” 267 00:16:32,700 --> 00:16:34,243 "a hot chick." 268 00:16:34,327 --> 00:16:36,037 The clichés fall like dominoes. 269 00:16:39,957 --> 00:16:43,628 The shot is bravura but disses the lust for violence... 270 00:16:43,711 --> 00:16:48,299 J” and if we're victims of the night 271 00:16:48,382 --> 00:16:51,511 j” I won't be blinded by the light... j” 272 00:16:51,594 --> 00:16:53,638 and for sexual norms. 273 00:16:55,181 --> 00:16:57,433 J” just call me angel... j” 274 00:16:57,517 --> 00:16:59,936 a head in the ass of deadpool. 275 00:17:00,019 --> 00:17:03,064 A funny cgi vortex. 276 00:17:03,147 --> 00:17:07,360 J” before you leave me baby... j” 277 00:17:07,443 --> 00:17:10,905 deadpool holds on to the knickers of a villain. 278 00:17:10,988 --> 00:17:14,408 Queerness sprinkled like chilli flakes. 279 00:17:14,492 --> 00:17:18,871 The language of superhero comedy extended. 280 00:17:18,955 --> 00:17:22,291 J” just call me angel 281 00:17:22,375 --> 00:17:25,836 j” I'm a guarding angel... j” 282 00:17:25,920 --> 00:17:29,257 the Ugandan comedy crazy world 283 00:17:29,340 --> 00:17:32,176 also had a lot of fun with its opening sequence. 284 00:17:36,180 --> 00:17:39,642 An actor playing a copyright cop. 285 00:17:45,565 --> 00:17:48,442 Mocking Hollywood's piracy controls. 286 00:17:58,953 --> 00:18:02,415 A big budget for tracking shots, or fancy costumes? 287 00:18:02,498 --> 00:18:05,835 Not necessary when your imagination is 288 00:18:05,918 --> 00:18:08,129 as playful as this. 289 00:18:11,299 --> 00:18:14,218 Church organ plays 290 00:18:14,302 --> 00:18:17,221 the least expected comedy of our times came 291 00:18:17,305 --> 00:18:20,683 from one of the most serious film-makers of our times, 292 00:18:20,766 --> 00:18:22,476 Bruno dumont. 293 00:18:24,020 --> 00:18:25,938 We're in the north of France, 294 00:18:26,022 --> 00:18:28,691 the funeral of a local who's been murdered. 295 00:18:31,569 --> 00:18:33,237 We expect solemnity. 296 00:18:34,614 --> 00:18:36,824 Static feedback 297 00:18:39,702 --> 00:18:42,830 but we get an organist in a world of his own... 298 00:18:45,207 --> 00:18:47,209 Static feedback 299 00:18:51,881 --> 00:18:54,050 clueless priests who think 300 00:18:54,133 --> 00:18:56,010 they control their flock, but don't... 301 00:19:07,647 --> 00:19:10,941 Incense, which is supposed to be spiritual, 302 00:19:11,025 --> 00:19:12,985 but just makes you cough. 303 00:19:17,073 --> 00:19:21,577 Widescreen realism at the behest of a lovely anarchy. 304 00:19:25,247 --> 00:19:27,041 Chers amis... 305 00:19:48,479 --> 00:19:50,231 Car horns blare 306 00:19:52,108 --> 00:19:55,444 from comedy to the some of the most striking action films 307 00:19:55,528 --> 00:19:57,988 of our times. 308 00:19:58,072 --> 00:19:59,865 No surprise that India, 309 00:19:59,949 --> 00:20:02,201 one of the most populated countries in the world, 310 00:20:02,284 --> 00:20:04,203 one of the most visually complicated, 311 00:20:04,286 --> 00:20:06,914 continued to excel at action. 312 00:20:08,541 --> 00:20:11,669 The gangs of wasseypur is five hours long 313 00:20:11,752 --> 00:20:13,671 and covers five decades 314 00:20:13,754 --> 00:20:15,840 in the lives of Indian gangsters 315 00:20:15,923 --> 00:20:17,925 who fight over coal mining. 316 00:20:18,008 --> 00:20:20,594 This is the end of part one. 317 00:20:20,678 --> 00:20:22,471 The sound fades. 318 00:20:22,555 --> 00:20:25,224 Shouting fades 319 00:20:29,937 --> 00:20:31,564 then, silence. 320 00:20:31,647 --> 00:20:35,568 Sardar, who's been trying to avenge his father's murder, 321 00:20:35,651 --> 00:20:37,820 is bloodied and beaten. 322 00:20:43,617 --> 00:20:46,203 He's dazed, dying. 323 00:20:49,457 --> 00:20:53,335 If this was a Francis Ford coppola gangster film, 324 00:20:53,419 --> 00:20:55,713 opera music might play. 325 00:20:55,796 --> 00:20:57,339 But here... 326 00:20:57,423 --> 00:21:01,177 Music: Jiya tu by Manoj tiwari 327 00:21:01,260 --> 00:21:05,055 the music seems like it's from a hip Mumbai nightclub. 328 00:21:07,516 --> 00:21:11,520 Music: Jiya tu by Manoj tiwari 329 00:21:14,023 --> 00:21:16,484 and then, astonishing lines. 330 00:21:27,912 --> 00:21:30,956 A tragic scene that mocks the tragedy. 331 00:21:35,294 --> 00:21:37,588 Sardar's on a cart now. 332 00:21:37,671 --> 00:21:40,007 The cart will take away his body... 333 00:21:41,133 --> 00:21:42,551 And then his gun. 334 00:21:42,635 --> 00:21:43,969 Gunshot 335 00:21:44,053 --> 00:21:46,639 80 years after the first gangster pictures, 336 00:21:46,722 --> 00:21:50,643 the gangs of wasseypur was one of the most complex. 337 00:21:56,106 --> 00:21:58,692 Equally inventive was this scene 338 00:21:58,776 --> 00:22:01,487 from prolific Hong Kong director Johnnie to. 339 00:22:01,570 --> 00:22:03,197 Long lenses. 340 00:22:03,280 --> 00:22:07,952 A most 21st-century location - a recycling site. 341 00:22:10,037 --> 00:22:13,290 Bales of paper, rolling like tumbleweed. 342 00:22:13,374 --> 00:22:16,836 But then, we see that it's triads doing the rolling. 343 00:22:16,919 --> 00:22:21,549 Gunmen push bales of paper towards their adversaries, 344 00:22:21,632 --> 00:22:24,552 hiding behind them as they do. 345 00:22:24,635 --> 00:22:28,055 The bales look like Van gogh haystacks, 346 00:22:28,138 --> 00:22:30,516 but the scene is visually new. 347 00:22:30,599 --> 00:22:34,186 This wide shot of the plant, the vista. 348 00:22:36,730 --> 00:22:39,567 Paper in the air, like seagulls. 349 00:22:39,650 --> 00:22:41,735 It's like a kurosawa film. 350 00:22:41,819 --> 00:22:44,905 And then, the shooting starts. 351 00:22:44,989 --> 00:22:46,657 Slow-mo. 352 00:22:46,740 --> 00:22:48,909 Gunfire 353 00:22:50,661 --> 00:22:53,372 genre thinking 354 00:22:53,455 --> 00:22:56,542 which extended the existing language of the movies. 355 00:23:02,089 --> 00:23:05,759 In zama, Argentina's lucrecia martel had 356 00:23:05,843 --> 00:23:08,929 an even less expected action sequence. 357 00:23:09,013 --> 00:23:11,682 17th-century Argentina, 358 00:23:11,765 --> 00:23:15,769 Spanish colonisers, surrounded on a Savannah plane. 359 00:23:20,149 --> 00:23:22,985 Indigenous tribesmen, painted orange. 360 00:23:26,780 --> 00:23:28,282 Horse whinnies 361 00:23:28,365 --> 00:23:30,826 a rider comes towards them. 362 00:23:30,910 --> 00:23:32,703 Two of the Spanish turn. 363 00:23:32,786 --> 00:23:34,997 A third is felled. 364 00:23:35,080 --> 00:23:37,750 Shouting 365 00:23:37,833 --> 00:23:39,919 then, a horse through the shot. 366 00:23:40,002 --> 00:23:42,421 No action sound, no blood. 367 00:23:42,504 --> 00:23:44,798 Behind a tree, then from the back. 368 00:23:47,343 --> 00:23:50,846 Down and up, all parts of the frame used. 369 00:23:50,930 --> 00:23:53,724 Such complex staging. 370 00:23:53,807 --> 00:23:57,144 And this background guy, standing, out of focus. 371 00:23:57,227 --> 00:23:59,980 More great visual thinking. 372 00:24:01,523 --> 00:24:04,068 Giggling 373 00:24:05,235 --> 00:24:07,529 sirens wail 374 00:24:07,613 --> 00:24:10,240 and talk about visual thinking. 375 00:24:10,324 --> 00:24:14,078 Good time, made by two of the most distinctive film-makers 376 00:24:14,161 --> 00:24:17,289 of the 21st century, the safdie brothers. 377 00:24:20,751 --> 00:24:22,544 Benny safdie on the right. 378 00:24:22,628 --> 00:24:24,546 Robert pattinson plays his brother. 379 00:24:24,630 --> 00:24:27,132 They've just robbed a bank. 380 00:24:30,552 --> 00:24:32,972 High-pitched beep 381 00:24:35,182 --> 00:24:36,517 what was that sound? 382 00:24:39,144 --> 00:24:41,730 Hissing 383 00:24:41,814 --> 00:24:43,857 what the fuck did you do? 384 00:24:43,941 --> 00:24:46,151 Screaming 385 00:24:46,235 --> 00:24:49,196 chaos. Mist. Crash. 386 00:24:49,279 --> 00:24:51,657 Horn blares 387 00:24:55,786 --> 00:24:57,997 man coughs 388 00:25:01,917 --> 00:25:04,336 man retches 389 00:25:05,921 --> 00:25:08,716 it's my face... my face. 390 00:25:08,799 --> 00:25:11,093 Narrator: They look fluorescent, 391 00:25:11,176 --> 00:25:13,512 like they're in a computer game. 392 00:25:13,595 --> 00:25:15,347 Pulsing sound. 393 00:25:15,431 --> 00:25:17,182 - My face... - Look at me. Your face is ok. 394 00:25:17,266 --> 00:25:18,726 Open your eyes. Come on, come on. 395 00:25:18,809 --> 00:25:20,936 Narrator: Edgy, hand-held imagery. 396 00:25:21,020 --> 00:25:24,440 Amidst it all, the love of the brothers. 397 00:25:24,523 --> 00:25:27,693 And then, the whole film seems to be pink. 398 00:25:27,776 --> 00:25:30,195 An adrenalized movie. 399 00:25:30,279 --> 00:25:33,699 The brothers escape, houdinis on the run. 400 00:25:33,782 --> 00:25:34,908 I'm going to throw up. 401 00:25:34,992 --> 00:25:36,994 - What did I just tell you? - I don't know. 402 00:25:37,077 --> 00:25:39,121 I told you you're not going to throw up. 403 00:25:39,204 --> 00:25:41,248 Tyres screech 404 00:25:41,331 --> 00:25:43,208 horns blare 405 00:25:43,292 --> 00:25:45,085 so, in our new century, 406 00:25:45,169 --> 00:25:48,881 the best action cinema has been tonally inventive, 407 00:25:48,964 --> 00:25:52,634 visually innovative and colour-coded. 408 00:25:52,718 --> 00:25:57,056 The best action film of our times was all of these. 409 00:25:58,390 --> 00:26:01,393 George Miller's mad Max: Fury road, 410 00:26:01,477 --> 00:26:04,563 an explosively inventive update 411 00:26:04,646 --> 00:26:08,067 of his steampunk mad Max films. 412 00:26:08,150 --> 00:26:11,361 An eco-disaster means that everything - 413 00:26:11,445 --> 00:26:15,699 fuel, blood, morality - is scarce. 414 00:26:15,783 --> 00:26:20,913 Everything is handmade from junk in this artisanal epic. 415 00:26:20,996 --> 00:26:24,500 A guitar, which is also a flame-thrower, 416 00:26:24,583 --> 00:26:28,462 and has a toilet bowl as its base. Punk. 417 00:26:28,545 --> 00:26:31,215 Vehicles like tanks, galleons, bombs. 418 00:26:31,298 --> 00:26:32,841 The camera close to the ground, 419 00:26:32,925 --> 00:26:34,551 to give a better sense ofspeed. 420 00:26:34,635 --> 00:26:37,137 Engines roar 421 00:26:38,472 --> 00:26:39,681 immortan! 422 00:26:39,765 --> 00:26:43,060 Joe, the villain, with animal teeth and breathing apparatus. 423 00:26:43,143 --> 00:26:44,520 Man gasps 424 00:26:44,603 --> 00:26:46,355 he looked at me! 425 00:26:46,438 --> 00:26:48,440 He looked right at me! 426 00:26:48,524 --> 00:26:50,109 He looked at your blood bag. 427 00:26:50,192 --> 00:26:52,694 He turned his head, he looked me straight in the eye. 428 00:26:52,778 --> 00:26:54,988 He was scanning the horizon. 429 00:26:55,072 --> 00:26:58,117 No, I am awaited. 430 00:26:58,200 --> 00:27:00,869 I am awaited in Valhalla. 431 00:27:02,913 --> 00:27:04,790 Max, traumatised. 432 00:27:04,873 --> 00:27:07,709 A wild boxer with a garden fork for a muzzle. 433 00:27:07,793 --> 00:27:09,962 Immortan! 434 00:27:14,341 --> 00:27:16,927 Filming in the Namibian desert. 435 00:27:17,010 --> 00:27:20,514 George Miller's colour palette, mustard sand 436 00:27:20,597 --> 00:27:22,141 and pops of red. 437 00:27:22,224 --> 00:27:24,351 A health and safety nightmare. 438 00:27:24,434 --> 00:27:26,979 They roar up the road. 439 00:27:27,062 --> 00:27:29,314 Backgrounds were added in cgi 440 00:27:29,398 --> 00:27:32,734 and safety lines removed in post production, 441 00:27:32,818 --> 00:27:36,029 but the action itself was real. 442 00:27:36,113 --> 00:27:39,658 The crashes, the dust, the explosions were all real. 443 00:27:39,741 --> 00:27:42,411 In the era of computerised fight scenes, 444 00:27:42,494 --> 00:27:46,790 Miller said, "none of it defied the laws of physics." 445 00:27:46,874 --> 00:27:50,294 We felt the velocity, the physicality. 446 00:27:50,377 --> 00:27:52,963 Then, charlize theron's funosa, 447 00:27:53,046 --> 00:27:54,548 shaven-headed. 448 00:27:54,631 --> 00:27:56,842 No barbarella here. 449 00:27:56,925 --> 00:28:01,180 Max and she don't fall in love or become friends. 450 00:28:01,263 --> 00:28:03,182 Cirque du soleil? 451 00:28:03,265 --> 00:28:05,309 A circus of the desert. 452 00:28:05,392 --> 00:28:07,561 Engine purrs 453 00:28:11,315 --> 00:28:13,609 2,700 shots, 454 00:28:13,692 --> 00:28:15,986 averaging just three seconds each, 455 00:28:16,069 --> 00:28:19,406 orchestrated by editor Margaret sixel. 456 00:28:21,074 --> 00:28:23,202 In the digital age, 457 00:28:23,285 --> 00:28:24,953 in the weightless age, 458 00:28:25,037 --> 00:28:29,333 a film that reminded us of silent cinema, of this. 459 00:28:31,210 --> 00:28:34,087 The most expensive, extravagant, 460 00:28:34,171 --> 00:28:36,423 weighty shot of its time. 461 00:28:36,506 --> 00:28:40,052 Buster Keaton's the general has a double structure. 462 00:28:40,135 --> 00:28:42,971 It's a journey up a road, 463 00:28:43,055 --> 00:28:44,848 then back down it again. 464 00:28:44,932 --> 00:28:47,309 Mad Max: Fury road is the same. 465 00:28:47,392 --> 00:28:50,604 As if to emphasise his debt to buster Keaton, 466 00:28:50,687 --> 00:28:54,900 George Miller also had mad Max: Fury road released 467 00:28:54,983 --> 00:28:57,027 in black and chrome. 468 00:28:57,110 --> 00:28:59,488 Explosions 469 00:29:01,782 --> 00:29:04,284 it seemed more elemental, 470 00:29:04,368 --> 00:29:06,912 even more part of the story of film. 471 00:29:06,995 --> 00:29:09,706 A movie with little dialogue, 472 00:29:09,790 --> 00:29:12,209 it did that traditional thing - 473 00:29:12,292 --> 00:29:15,254 used action to reveal character. 474 00:29:15,337 --> 00:29:17,256 Woman: We can't breathe down here! 475 00:29:17,339 --> 00:29:19,675 Narrator: How someone copes, what they need. 476 00:29:19,758 --> 00:29:21,260 Now! 477 00:29:24,513 --> 00:29:26,932 This looks like an action movie too, 478 00:29:27,015 --> 00:29:30,560 and in many ways, baby driver is an action movie. 479 00:29:30,644 --> 00:29:32,312 It's a heist movie. 480 00:29:32,396 --> 00:29:36,275 But hidden within it and driving its rhythm and style 481 00:29:36,358 --> 00:29:38,193 is another genre - 482 00:29:38,277 --> 00:29:41,488 our next genre, the musical. 483 00:29:41,571 --> 00:29:46,743 How have film-makers innovated with dance in recent years? 484 00:29:46,827 --> 00:29:49,705 Music: Harlem shuffle by Bob and Earl 485 00:29:51,665 --> 00:29:53,625 Edgar Wright's baby driver. 486 00:29:55,210 --> 00:29:57,754 Tilt down to the title character. 487 00:30:02,009 --> 00:30:06,888 J” you move it to the left yeah... j” 488 00:30:06,972 --> 00:30:09,516 he's on an ordinary street, 489 00:30:09,599 --> 00:30:12,269 but we notice that he's moving to the music. 490 00:30:12,352 --> 00:30:15,772 He even seems to skip to the beat here. 491 00:30:15,856 --> 00:30:17,357 Tyres screech 492 00:30:17,441 --> 00:30:19,568 - asshole! - Hey! Hey! 493 00:30:19,651 --> 00:30:21,361 No cut in this shot. 494 00:30:23,488 --> 00:30:26,074 J' with a whole lot of soul... j” 495 00:30:26,158 --> 00:30:29,328 baby almost danced around this pole. 496 00:30:29,411 --> 00:30:31,705 J” just make it last... j” 497 00:30:32,789 --> 00:30:34,374 hey! Jerk! 498 00:30:34,458 --> 00:30:36,335 J” you know you scratch... j” 499 00:30:36,418 --> 00:30:40,047 his movements respond to the street scene. 500 00:30:40,130 --> 00:30:42,549 The world has a beat. 501 00:30:42,632 --> 00:30:46,094 Wright's mood reel, the video he made 502 00:30:46,178 --> 00:30:48,055 to show to funders and crew 503 00:30:48,138 --> 00:30:50,307 how the finished movie would feel, 504 00:30:50,390 --> 00:30:52,809 showed that baby driver extended 505 00:30:52,893 --> 00:30:54,978 the language of classic cinema. 506 00:30:55,062 --> 00:30:56,897 He used this clip. 507 00:30:56,980 --> 00:30:58,815 Digging. 508 00:30:58,899 --> 00:31:00,942 Snonng. 509 00:31:03,487 --> 00:31:06,615 Digging and snoring alternate rhythmically 510 00:31:09,242 --> 00:31:11,286 brushing 511 00:31:11,370 --> 00:31:14,956 brushing in synch, building a rhythm. 512 00:31:16,416 --> 00:31:19,336 Hissing and clinking add to rhythm 513 00:31:22,172 --> 00:31:24,257 shutters open. 514 00:31:24,341 --> 00:31:27,010 A choreographed street. 515 00:31:27,094 --> 00:31:29,638 Dance beneath the surface of the world. 516 00:31:29,721 --> 00:31:32,432 Sound effects create pulsing beat 517 00:31:40,399 --> 00:31:43,402 J” no, I've got no time 518 00:31:43,485 --> 00:31:45,779 j” to play your 519 00:31:45,987 --> 00:31:53,286 j” silly games... j” 520 00:31:53,578 --> 00:31:56,498 at first, this looks more conventional. 521 00:31:56,581 --> 00:32:00,127 A house party in London in the 19803. 522 00:32:00,210 --> 00:32:04,047 Warm colours, bodies close together - 523 00:32:04,131 --> 00:32:06,967 what we couldn't do in lockdown. 524 00:32:07,050 --> 00:32:09,094 A movie smooch. 525 00:32:10,303 --> 00:32:13,390 But director Steve McQueen and his team created 526 00:32:13,473 --> 00:32:15,892 such a mood during the shooting 527 00:32:15,976 --> 00:32:19,187 that, as the song ended, this happened... 528 00:32:19,271 --> 00:32:23,942 J” every time I hear your name... j” 529 00:32:24,025 --> 00:32:25,777 sing along, let's go! 530 00:32:25,861 --> 00:32:28,655 Narrator: The dancers extend the song. 531 00:32:28,738 --> 00:32:32,367 They push back the problems of the world for a night. 532 00:32:32,451 --> 00:32:34,911 J” inside... j” 533 00:32:34,995 --> 00:32:36,872 that's what I'm talking about. 534 00:32:37,873 --> 00:32:41,460 J” cos every time we meet 535 00:32:41,543 --> 00:32:44,546 j” we play hide-and-seek... j” 536 00:32:44,629 --> 00:32:46,339 j” play it on the radio station... j” 537 00:32:46,423 --> 00:32:48,967 another dance film pushing the boundaries, 538 00:32:49,050 --> 00:32:51,428 Beyoncé's visual album lemonade. 539 00:32:51,511 --> 00:32:54,389 J” you just might be a black Bill Gates in the making 540 00:32:54,473 --> 00:32:55,640 j” cos I slay 541 00:32:55,724 --> 00:32:58,477 j” I just might be a black Bill Gates in the making... j” 542 00:32:58,560 --> 00:33:00,228 historical costumes, 543 00:33:00,312 --> 00:33:02,189 shots that look like cheap video, 544 00:33:02,272 --> 00:33:04,024 newspaper politics. 545 00:33:04,107 --> 00:33:07,360 J” I grind till I own it I twirl on my haters... j” 546 00:33:07,444 --> 00:33:09,362 the editing of music videos, 547 00:33:09,446 --> 00:33:11,573 but the spurs of a cowboy. 548 00:33:11,656 --> 00:33:13,450 Her head from above. 549 00:33:13,533 --> 00:33:15,577 A kid dances to cops. 550 00:33:15,660 --> 00:33:20,081 A montage of moments, histories, protests, dances. 551 00:33:20,165 --> 00:33:24,294 Hard not to be ovennhelmed by a net cast so widely. 552 00:33:24,377 --> 00:33:26,004 J” I slay, ok I slay, ok 553 00:33:26,087 --> 00:33:28,131 j” I slay, ok I slay, ok 554 00:33:28,215 --> 00:33:30,133 j” I slay, ok I slay, ok 555 00:33:30,217 --> 00:33:31,885 j” we gon' slay, ok gon' slay, ok 556 00:33:31,968 --> 00:33:34,179 j” we slay, ok I slay, ok... j” 557 00:33:36,765 --> 00:33:40,477 where else in the movie world has dance been a big deal 558 00:33:40,560 --> 00:33:42,938 in the 21st century? 559 00:33:43,021 --> 00:33:44,898 As with action films, 560 00:33:44,981 --> 00:33:48,902 India has continued to be dance cinema central. 561 00:33:48,985 --> 00:33:50,862 In so-called bollywood, 562 00:33:50,946 --> 00:33:53,448 dance has always been a mood enhancer. 563 00:33:54,699 --> 00:33:57,827 Of the thousands of dance sequences in this period, 564 00:33:57,911 --> 00:34:00,288 one of the most choreographed was this... 565 00:34:00,372 --> 00:34:02,999 Music: Tattad tattad by Aditya narayan 566 00:34:05,210 --> 00:34:09,089 in ram-Leela, a reworking of Romeo and Juliet. 567 00:34:13,760 --> 00:34:16,346 Vibrating, then slow-mo. 568 00:34:16,429 --> 00:34:18,473 Widescreen, of course. 569 00:34:18,557 --> 00:34:22,102 A celebration of gujarati clothes and buildings. 570 00:34:22,185 --> 00:34:24,437 A kind of West Side story. 571 00:34:24,521 --> 00:34:27,607 Man sings in hindi 572 00:34:44,207 --> 00:34:45,667 At one point, it's like it's shot 573 00:34:45,750 --> 00:34:47,627 with a surveillance camera. 574 00:34:47,711 --> 00:34:50,380 And then, shaking dandruff out of your hair, 575 00:34:50,463 --> 00:34:52,757 a dance move that went viral 576 00:34:52,841 --> 00:34:55,093 and was copied across India. 577 00:35:02,225 --> 00:35:05,520 In western cinema, there were the magic Mike films, 578 00:35:05,604 --> 00:35:08,898 but bhansali's movie was more choreographed. 579 00:35:10,734 --> 00:35:15,155 Actor ranveer Singh's body was very on display in ram-Leela, 580 00:35:15,238 --> 00:35:17,699 but films have always been attracted 581 00:35:17,782 --> 00:35:19,326 to bodies, haven't they? 582 00:35:21,161 --> 00:35:22,912 Jane Russell came from 583 00:35:22,996 --> 00:35:25,165 a down-to-earth Minnesota family, 584 00:35:25,248 --> 00:35:27,834 but the movie machine squeezed her 585 00:35:27,917 --> 00:35:30,086 into the tiniest swimsuit 586 00:35:30,170 --> 00:35:33,131 to show her angles and curves... 587 00:35:33,214 --> 00:35:35,675 J” I'm looking for trouble 588 00:35:35,759 --> 00:35:39,387 j” I'm gonna throw the book away 589 00:35:39,471 --> 00:35:43,016 j” be unpredictable from day to day 590 00:35:43,099 --> 00:35:48,188 j” in every way I can 591 00:35:48,271 --> 00:35:50,357 j” so this cinderella 592 00:35:50,440 --> 00:35:52,150 j” is looking for a fella... j” 593 00:35:52,233 --> 00:35:55,278 and filmed her from above, the better to see her cleavage. 594 00:35:56,780 --> 00:36:00,617 Luckily, she had a sense of humour and great talent. 595 00:36:00,700 --> 00:36:05,664 Has 21st-century film done anything new with bodies? 596 00:36:05,747 --> 00:36:08,833 Has it extended how it films them? 597 00:36:08,917 --> 00:36:10,335 Yes. 598 00:36:11,920 --> 00:36:14,255 In lorene scafaria's hustlers, 599 00:36:14,339 --> 00:36:16,341 we see women just as undressed, 600 00:36:16,424 --> 00:36:18,551 just as performing, 601 00:36:18,635 --> 00:36:20,261 just as sexualised. 602 00:36:20,345 --> 00:36:22,847 Music: Etude no1 in a flat minor by Thomas leyer 603 00:36:22,931 --> 00:36:24,808 - tabletop. - I can't do that. 604 00:36:24,891 --> 00:36:27,727 But here, a woman is looking. 605 00:36:27,811 --> 00:36:30,855 She's learning. This is a school room. 606 00:36:30,939 --> 00:36:33,108 What if you don't have muscles to do that? 607 00:36:33,191 --> 00:36:35,318 - You have muscles to do this. - I don't have any... 608 00:36:35,402 --> 00:36:37,070 Every girl has muscles to do this. 609 00:36:37,153 --> 00:36:39,155 You can do this one. This is the Martini. 610 00:36:40,156 --> 00:36:42,158 Fireman down. 611 00:36:42,242 --> 00:36:45,370 Narrator: Confidence building, peersuppod. 612 00:36:45,453 --> 00:36:47,580 The film isn't starry-eyed 613 00:36:47,664 --> 00:36:49,749 about pole dancing and stripping. 614 00:36:50,834 --> 00:36:53,253 It's a job, and these women are so good at it 615 00:36:53,336 --> 00:36:55,630 that they can turn the tables on men. 616 00:36:55,714 --> 00:36:57,298 - Just point your toes. - Ok. 617 00:36:57,382 --> 00:36:58,622 There you go. Hold yourself up. 618 00:36:58,675 --> 00:37:00,051 I'm trying! 619 00:37:01,136 --> 00:37:03,179 Try laying flat across. Do a tabletop. 620 00:37:03,263 --> 00:37:04,723 They all love seeing that. 621 00:37:04,806 --> 00:37:06,891 Narrator: And talking of turning the tables, 622 00:37:06,975 --> 00:37:10,478 of upending stereotypes in 21st-century movies, 623 00:37:10,562 --> 00:37:13,940 what about this film about bodies? 624 00:37:16,192 --> 00:37:17,569 Man gasps 625 00:37:18,820 --> 00:37:21,990 two young African-American lads on a beach. 626 00:37:22,073 --> 00:37:26,161 They kissed and are now doing something more sexual. 627 00:37:26,244 --> 00:37:28,663 The velvet, black sea. 628 00:37:28,747 --> 00:37:30,540 The cool moonlight. 629 00:37:30,623 --> 00:37:32,208 Their vulnerability. 630 00:37:38,423 --> 00:37:39,799 I'm sorry. 631 00:37:42,844 --> 00:37:44,971 What you got to be sorry for? 632 00:37:55,273 --> 00:37:58,735 Ten minutes later, we jump fonnard several years. 633 00:37:58,818 --> 00:38:01,863 The thin lad who was on the left, chiron, 634 00:38:01,946 --> 00:38:03,907 has bulked up now. 635 00:38:03,990 --> 00:38:06,701 J” when the scene unfolds 636 00:38:06,785 --> 00:38:09,454 j” young girls 13 years old... j” 637 00:38:09,537 --> 00:38:14,042 earlier we saw him being beat up and now he's like robocop. 638 00:38:14,125 --> 00:38:16,586 His muscles are like a suit of armour. 639 00:38:16,669 --> 00:38:18,630 J” ain't in this new world order 640 00:38:18,713 --> 00:38:21,508 j” dem experimenting in Atlanta, Georgia 641 00:38:21,591 --> 00:38:23,259 j” United Nations, overseas? J” 642 00:38:23,343 --> 00:38:24,969 he touched male skin, 643 00:38:25,053 --> 00:38:28,306 but couldn't deal with the judgement, the derision, 644 00:38:28,389 --> 00:38:32,477 so his body became inflated, rock hard. 645 00:38:33,686 --> 00:38:37,315 The poster of moonlight showed chiron at three stages - 646 00:38:37,398 --> 00:38:39,484 boy, teenager and man - 647 00:38:39,567 --> 00:38:42,403 and with three different skin tones. 648 00:38:45,573 --> 00:38:48,952 Often, we can feel the film-maker searching 649 00:38:49,035 --> 00:38:50,912 for the tone of their film, 650 00:38:50,995 --> 00:38:54,749 but director Barry Jenkins had his from the start. 651 00:38:57,252 --> 00:38:59,295 Moonlight had the mood 652 00:38:59,379 --> 00:39:01,798 of hou hsiao-hsien's equally tripartite 653 00:39:01,881 --> 00:39:04,801 Taiwanese film three times. 654 00:39:04,884 --> 00:39:06,594 Longlens, 655 00:39:06,678 --> 00:39:07,929 velvet smooth, 656 00:39:08,012 --> 00:39:10,431 tentative, in love. 657 00:39:11,850 --> 00:39:16,729 J” give me an answer, love 658 00:39:18,523 --> 00:39:23,027 j” I need an answer, love... j” 659 00:39:27,073 --> 00:39:30,285 another recent film that pushed the boundaries 660 00:39:30,368 --> 00:39:33,454 of how male bodies are portrayed was this one. 661 00:39:34,998 --> 00:39:37,876 A Portuguese man, tied up in a forest. 662 00:39:37,959 --> 00:39:39,878 He looks down at his body. 663 00:39:41,004 --> 00:39:43,089 Women chat in distance 664 00:39:45,758 --> 00:39:47,093 who tied him? 665 00:39:51,097 --> 00:39:53,308 These two Chinese women. 666 00:39:53,391 --> 00:39:56,311 They're on the st James pilgrimage in Europe. 667 00:39:56,394 --> 00:39:58,146 It's like a biblical scene, 668 00:39:58,229 --> 00:40:00,481 but gender-flipped, power-flipped. 669 00:40:00,565 --> 00:40:02,108 You're awake, Fernando. 670 00:40:03,526 --> 00:40:05,945 Why did you tie me up like this, fei? 671 00:40:08,323 --> 00:40:09,908 We're cursed. 672 00:40:12,035 --> 00:40:15,455 St James cannot help us any more. 673 00:40:15,538 --> 00:40:18,249 Only st Anthony can help us. 674 00:40:19,667 --> 00:40:22,337 Stop this nonsense. Let me go. 675 00:40:23,338 --> 00:40:25,089 No, we can't, Fernando. 676 00:40:25,173 --> 00:40:27,842 What do you mean you can't? What do you want from me? 677 00:40:29,093 --> 00:40:31,304 You... stay. 678 00:40:31,387 --> 00:40:35,141 Narrator: The white, male, strong European 679 00:40:35,224 --> 00:40:37,101 turned into a plaything, 680 00:40:37,185 --> 00:40:41,022 an object of veneration or torture. 681 00:40:41,105 --> 00:40:43,232 Fernando: What are you saying? 682 00:40:43,316 --> 00:40:46,277 Narrator: What other new ways did film-makers look at bodies 683 00:40:46,361 --> 00:40:48,821 in recent years? 684 00:40:49,989 --> 00:40:54,619 In xxy, an intersex teenager looks at their body. 685 00:40:54,702 --> 00:40:58,665 Then, outside, the lad they've just had sex with. 686 00:40:58,748 --> 00:41:02,210 Similar composition. Looking and learning. 687 00:41:02,293 --> 00:41:05,713 The storm of adolescence. 688 00:41:05,797 --> 00:41:08,716 Slow recognition of who they are, 689 00:41:08,800 --> 00:41:10,843 what their bodies are. 690 00:41:31,280 --> 00:41:34,826 French film-maker Lucile hadzihalilovic is 691 00:41:34,909 --> 00:41:37,370 one of the great body film-makers. 692 00:41:37,453 --> 00:41:40,999 Here, she pushes the idea of in-betweenness 693 00:41:41,082 --> 00:41:43,710 into almost Sci-Fi territory. 694 00:41:46,713 --> 00:41:49,841 An ultrasound, a baby in the womb. 695 00:41:52,593 --> 00:41:55,972 A boy's eyes, shadowless. 696 00:41:56,055 --> 00:41:57,932 Then this wide. 697 00:41:58,016 --> 00:41:59,267 Is he pregnant? 698 00:41:59,350 --> 00:42:01,728 The way she touches his belly, 699 00:42:01,811 --> 00:42:04,480 the softness of the colours. 700 00:42:12,321 --> 00:42:14,782 The opposite of melodrama. 701 00:42:16,034 --> 00:42:17,577 Blank faces. 702 00:42:19,829 --> 00:42:23,332 A hushed nightmare, like a Paula rego painting. 703 00:42:28,004 --> 00:42:30,715 Another belly, milk on it. 704 00:42:32,675 --> 00:42:36,054 A blank face, like evolution faces. 705 00:42:41,476 --> 00:42:44,479 Wider, the same muted palette, 706 00:42:44,562 --> 00:42:47,315 and another kind of Sci-Fi. 707 00:42:47,398 --> 00:42:50,151 This young woman is on a spaceship. 708 00:42:50,234 --> 00:42:53,529 She was impregnated against her will 709 00:42:53,613 --> 00:42:55,990 and now, she's lactating. 710 00:42:56,074 --> 00:43:00,203 French director Claire denis' films are often about bodies. 711 00:43:02,830 --> 00:43:07,543 In high life, the bodies are invaded or desperate for touch. 712 00:43:08,836 --> 00:43:10,379 It got me. 713 00:43:15,927 --> 00:43:18,596 This child has been invaded, in a way. 714 00:43:18,679 --> 00:43:21,808 She's accused of being possessed, 715 00:43:21,891 --> 00:43:24,393 of being a witch. 716 00:43:24,477 --> 00:43:27,522 She's tied to a huge cotton reel, 717 00:43:27,605 --> 00:43:29,440 dragged from school, 718 00:43:29,524 --> 00:43:31,567 as if by an umbilical cord. 719 00:43:42,245 --> 00:43:44,288 Explorer. Repeat. 720 00:43:44,372 --> 00:43:46,833 Expect a communication blackout at any moment. 721 00:43:46,916 --> 00:43:48,501 Copy that, Houston. 722 00:43:48,584 --> 00:43:49,961 Four years earlier, 723 00:43:50,044 --> 00:43:53,339 Alfonso cuaron made an umbilical body film. 724 00:43:55,341 --> 00:43:57,343 Sandra bullock plays an astronaut 725 00:43:57,426 --> 00:43:59,387 whose daughter has died. 726 00:43:59,470 --> 00:44:03,015 Cameras on gyroscopic heads, actors spinning. 727 00:44:03,099 --> 00:44:05,101 No sense of up or down. 728 00:44:05,184 --> 00:44:07,603 An apparently single shot. 729 00:44:07,687 --> 00:44:10,648 The shock and nausea of dizziness, 730 00:44:10,731 --> 00:44:13,693 dramatically exciting and innovative, 731 00:44:13,776 --> 00:44:17,113 but also a sense that grief is like spinning. 732 00:44:17,196 --> 00:44:19,615 - We've lost Houston. - Ah. 733 00:44:19,699 --> 00:44:21,784 - We've lost Houston. - Unstrap. 734 00:44:21,868 --> 00:44:23,744 We need to get the hell out of here. 735 00:44:23,828 --> 00:44:25,830 - Need some help there? - No, don't wait for us. 736 00:44:25,913 --> 00:44:27,123 It's stuck. 737 00:44:27,206 --> 00:44:29,375 Man down! Man down! 738 00:44:29,458 --> 00:44:32,336 Houston, this is explorer. Copy. 739 00:44:36,132 --> 00:44:38,926 Explorer's been hit. Explorer, do you read? 740 00:44:39,010 --> 00:44:41,804 Explorer. Over. Explorer. 741 00:44:43,389 --> 00:44:45,808 Astronaut is off structure. 742 00:44:45,892 --> 00:44:47,852 Dr stone is off structure. 743 00:44:47,935 --> 00:44:49,395 Dr stone, detach. 744 00:44:49,478 --> 00:44:52,231 Compare that to this great film about bodies 745 00:44:52,315 --> 00:44:54,901 by another great Mexican director, 746 00:44:54,984 --> 00:44:56,861 made 50 years earlier. 747 00:44:56,944 --> 00:45:00,531 Music: Gloria in d major rv 589 by Vivaldi 748 00:45:07,496 --> 00:45:11,083 The woman as heavy as bullock's astronaut was light. 749 00:45:11,167 --> 00:45:15,796 The devotional music, a via dolorosa. 750 00:45:15,880 --> 00:45:18,591 And then, he's carrying a man. 751 00:45:22,595 --> 00:45:23,804 Uphill. 752 00:45:41,530 --> 00:45:43,574 And then, we see it's a carcass. 753 00:45:43,658 --> 00:45:47,245 Was he imagining the other bodies? 754 00:45:52,500 --> 00:45:55,628 And perhaps the least expected recent film 755 00:45:55,711 --> 00:45:57,296 to look at bodies? 756 00:45:57,380 --> 00:45:59,173 Maybe it's this one. 757 00:45:59,257 --> 00:46:02,218 A hand without a body. 758 00:46:02,301 --> 00:46:06,555 It rests a moment, looks across the rooftops. 759 00:46:06,639 --> 00:46:10,142 Blue light. Should it jump? 760 00:46:10,226 --> 00:46:13,562 It does, but, in that moment, 761 00:46:13,646 --> 00:46:15,773 a black and white flashback 762 00:46:15,856 --> 00:46:17,692 to itself as a baby 763 00:46:17,775 --> 00:46:19,527 when it was a whole body. 764 00:46:19,610 --> 00:46:22,697 Handprints. Danger in the electric socket. 765 00:46:22,780 --> 00:46:24,448 Snot. 766 00:46:24,532 --> 00:46:27,368 Discovering the world through its body. 767 00:46:42,925 --> 00:46:46,554 Music: Perfect shadow by Rob Kelly 768 00:47:13,164 --> 00:47:16,834 Can anywhere, anytime, seem horrific? 769 00:47:21,589 --> 00:47:24,967 Can we imagine New York City as an open coffin, 770 00:47:25,051 --> 00:47:28,721 a hell below us, boiling up? 771 00:47:43,819 --> 00:47:47,365 Have all decades been good at horror cinema? 772 00:47:51,827 --> 00:47:55,039 The 1920s set up the template. 773 00:47:56,540 --> 00:47:59,085 Horror went camp in the '503, 774 00:47:59,168 --> 00:48:01,754 blockbustery in the '703, 775 00:48:01,837 --> 00:48:04,673 and Japan took the lead in the 1990s. 776 00:48:06,342 --> 00:48:10,179 In our own times, horror is on fire again. 777 00:48:10,262 --> 00:48:12,765 Its language is being extended. 778 00:48:15,351 --> 00:48:16,394 Lauta! 779 00:48:16,477 --> 00:48:18,646 Classical music plays 780 00:48:24,318 --> 00:48:26,904 Bravo. Bravo, susie. 781 00:48:28,030 --> 00:48:30,116 Berlin, 1977. 782 00:48:30,199 --> 00:48:34,495 A febrile dance school, run by witches. 783 00:48:34,578 --> 00:48:38,582 Dakota Johnson seems to be possessed as she dances. 784 00:48:38,666 --> 00:48:40,835 Intercutting between her 785 00:48:40,918 --> 00:48:44,880 and, in brown, a body which is beaten and deformed 786 00:48:44,964 --> 00:48:47,049 as it mirrors her. 787 00:48:56,851 --> 00:48:59,311 Luca guadagnino's suspiria 788 00:48:59,395 --> 00:49:02,648 was a rethink 789 00:49:02,731 --> 00:49:06,026 of an Italian horror classic but, in its new setting 790 00:49:06,110 --> 00:49:09,530 and faded '70s browns and beiges, 791 00:49:09,613 --> 00:49:11,699 it combined the grotesque 792 00:49:11,782 --> 00:49:14,952 with state communist paranoia and control. 793 00:49:19,331 --> 00:49:23,127 Director Jennifer Kent used a darker colour palette. 794 00:49:24,920 --> 00:49:27,715 An Australian woman in bed at night. 795 00:49:30,384 --> 00:49:34,555 Her husband has been killed in a horrific accident. 796 00:49:35,681 --> 00:49:37,308 Scraping 797 00:49:38,893 --> 00:49:42,480 scraping, a door, half-seen in the gloom. 798 00:49:44,398 --> 00:49:46,484 Door creaks 799 00:49:52,281 --> 00:49:54,408 Scuttling 800 00:49:54,492 --> 00:49:56,410 the shiver of that black thing, 801 00:49:56,494 --> 00:49:58,537 scuttle of an insect. 802 00:49:58,621 --> 00:50:00,539 Scuttling 803 00:50:00,623 --> 00:50:04,043 creatu re: Babadook. 804 00:50:04,126 --> 00:50:07,963 Dook. Dook. 805 00:50:10,007 --> 00:50:13,761 Its voice makes us dread what she might see, 806 00:50:13,844 --> 00:50:16,472 but we also want to see. 807 00:50:18,015 --> 00:50:20,893 Scuttling 808 00:50:20,976 --> 00:50:24,897 gothic, storybook home invasion. 809 00:50:24,980 --> 00:50:29,527 Terror. A brilliant, spiky, noir world. 810 00:50:31,237 --> 00:50:34,031 Muted screams 811 00:50:36,450 --> 00:50:40,621 we slowly realise that what she's really haunted by 812 00:50:40,704 --> 00:50:44,917 is the shock of seeing her beloved die. 813 00:50:46,460 --> 00:50:48,879 Two years later, in Estonia, 814 00:50:48,963 --> 00:50:51,590 a father caresses his dead son. 815 00:50:51,674 --> 00:50:53,884 But then, a kind of babadook. 816 00:50:53,968 --> 00:50:55,844 Groaning 817 00:50:55,928 --> 00:51:00,516 a slave, made of farm implements, rises. 818 00:51:00,599 --> 00:51:02,977 Dad looks like a Rembrandt painting. 819 00:51:04,853 --> 00:51:09,358 Violence. Imagery like lithographs. 820 00:51:17,825 --> 00:51:20,327 Ari aster's midsommar was as bright 821 00:51:20,411 --> 00:51:23,414 as the babadook and November were dark. 822 00:51:23,497 --> 00:51:26,709 You can't speak, you can't move. 823 00:51:26,792 --> 00:51:28,836 All right? 824 00:51:28,919 --> 00:51:30,462 Good. 825 00:51:30,546 --> 00:51:32,423 Narrator: She's talking to the boyfriend 826 00:51:32,506 --> 00:51:34,091 of the main character. 827 00:51:34,174 --> 00:51:37,052 Sunshine, flowers, white costumes. 828 00:51:37,136 --> 00:51:39,597 Images of holidays and happiness. 829 00:51:39,680 --> 00:51:41,515 But not here. 830 00:51:41,599 --> 00:51:46,395 Woman: On this, the day of our deity of reciprocity, 831 00:51:46,478 --> 00:51:49,481 we gather to give special thanks 832 00:51:49,565 --> 00:51:51,609 to our treasured sun. 833 00:51:51,692 --> 00:51:54,737 As an offering to our father, 834 00:51:54,820 --> 00:51:58,907 we will today surrender nine human lives. 835 00:52:00,367 --> 00:52:03,871 As harga takes, so harga also gives. 836 00:52:03,954 --> 00:52:07,082 Narrator: His girlfriend is in a pyramid of flowers, 837 00:52:07,166 --> 00:52:09,501 a ritual she doesn't understand, 838 00:52:09,585 --> 00:52:11,545 but she knows it's deadly. 839 00:52:11,629 --> 00:52:13,631 Woman: One of our own. 840 00:52:13,714 --> 00:52:18,010 Narrator: She's seen unspeakable things. 841 00:52:18,093 --> 00:52:20,554 A cloud pyramid. 842 00:52:20,638 --> 00:52:23,932 Too much order, too much symmetry. 843 00:52:24,016 --> 00:52:25,893 Woman: Nine in all, 844 00:52:25,976 --> 00:52:28,687 to die and be reborn 845 00:52:28,771 --> 00:52:31,273 in the great cycle. 846 00:52:31,357 --> 00:52:35,402 The four new-bloods have already been supplied. 847 00:52:35,486 --> 00:52:38,197 Narrator: Director Ari aster called his film 848 00:52:38,280 --> 00:52:40,574 "the wizard of oz for perverts." 849 00:52:41,700 --> 00:52:45,704 Just as inventive was another horror movie - it follows. 850 00:52:45,788 --> 00:52:47,206 Come look at this. 851 00:52:47,289 --> 00:52:49,500 Ever since she'd had sex with a guy, 852 00:52:49,583 --> 00:52:52,294 a teenager called Jay has been followed 853 00:52:52,378 --> 00:52:54,380 by people, entities, 854 00:52:54,463 --> 00:52:57,216 walking slowly, inexorably, towards her. 855 00:52:57,299 --> 00:52:59,134 They will kill her - 856 00:52:59,218 --> 00:53:01,470 a horror staple, you could say. 857 00:53:01,553 --> 00:53:06,684 But director David Robert Mitchell used a brilliant form. 858 00:53:06,767 --> 00:53:09,561 Take this shot, for example, 859 00:53:09,645 --> 00:53:11,772 halfway through the film. 860 00:53:11,855 --> 00:53:13,732 The camera circles right. 861 00:53:13,816 --> 00:53:15,192 By this stage, 862 00:53:15,275 --> 00:53:18,320 we, the audience, are looking for distant walkers. 863 00:53:18,404 --> 00:53:21,490 And there's one, in a white top. 864 00:53:21,573 --> 00:53:24,118 But the camera moves onwards, 865 00:53:24,201 --> 00:53:26,620 and now, the Walker is behind us. 866 00:53:28,997 --> 00:53:31,125 And there's Jay with a guy. 867 00:53:31,208 --> 00:53:33,460 Does she see the Walker-killer? 868 00:53:33,544 --> 00:53:37,381 No. Most film-makers would do a reverse cut to it, 869 00:53:37,464 --> 00:53:40,718 but Mitchell just circles onwards. 870 00:53:40,801 --> 00:53:42,761 Tannoy: Tickets are $5 dollars for students 871 00:53:42,845 --> 00:53:44,263 and $7 for adults. 872 00:53:44,346 --> 00:53:47,766 Narrator: How close will the Walker be as we next pass by? 873 00:53:49,435 --> 00:53:51,145 Boom 874 00:53:53,188 --> 00:53:55,649 booms on the soundtrack. 875 00:53:56,775 --> 00:53:58,652 Boom 876 00:54:00,070 --> 00:54:01,530 boom 877 00:54:03,073 --> 00:54:04,450 boom 878 00:54:04,533 --> 00:54:06,160 and still we circle. 879 00:54:06,243 --> 00:54:08,203 Boom 880 00:54:09,955 --> 00:54:11,582 boom 881 00:54:13,500 --> 00:54:15,085 and Jay, again. 882 00:54:15,169 --> 00:54:17,629 We hope she'll look up. 883 00:54:17,713 --> 00:54:20,507 And as the camera moves in, still with no cut, 884 00:54:20,591 --> 00:54:23,927 it sort of becomes the point of view of the killer. 885 00:54:24,011 --> 00:54:26,096 We can feel the threat at our backs. 886 00:54:26,180 --> 00:54:28,182 What is the Walker really? 887 00:54:28,265 --> 00:54:32,269 Jay's guilt? A metaphor for sexually transmitted disease? 888 00:54:32,352 --> 00:54:35,189 Whatever, the film electrified space 889 00:54:35,272 --> 00:54:37,483 like few others of our time. 890 00:54:38,692 --> 00:54:40,194 Boom 891 00:54:40,277 --> 00:54:42,112 the slow pan around felt 892 00:54:42,196 --> 00:54:44,907 almost like this famous experimental film - 893 00:54:44,990 --> 00:54:48,285 Canadian Michael snow's la région centrale. 894 00:54:49,328 --> 00:54:52,080 The slow circle, drone. 895 00:54:52,164 --> 00:54:55,042 Beeping 896 00:54:55,125 --> 00:54:57,127 snow eventually went further 897 00:54:57,211 --> 00:55:00,047 and had his shot twist upside down. 898 00:55:01,673 --> 00:55:05,302 The best horror films of our time twisted our world. 899 00:55:05,385 --> 00:55:07,262 Near the end of our story, 900 00:55:07,346 --> 00:55:11,099 we'll come to movies by Jordan peele and bong joon-ho, 901 00:55:11,183 --> 00:55:13,936 which did this with aplomb. 902 00:55:36,959 --> 00:55:40,546 We think of cinema as a dynamic entertainment, 903 00:55:40,629 --> 00:55:42,673 full of action and story, 904 00:55:42,756 --> 00:55:45,175 but there have always been slow films, 905 00:55:45,259 --> 00:55:47,636 for example, this one, 906 00:55:47,719 --> 00:55:51,515 limite, from Brazil in 1931. 907 00:55:51,598 --> 00:55:53,559 Birds. 908 00:55:54,977 --> 00:55:58,730 Then, such a slow dissolve to the woman, handcuffed. 909 00:56:00,399 --> 00:56:02,025 We scan the image, 910 00:56:02,109 --> 00:56:05,028 but then we look again because it doesn't go away. 911 00:56:18,584 --> 00:56:21,628 It dissolves slowly to a close-up. 912 00:56:26,925 --> 00:56:30,012 If the film-maker wanted only to tell a story, 913 00:56:30,095 --> 00:56:32,264 he'd have cut more quickly. 914 00:56:32,347 --> 00:56:35,392 Instead, he seems to want to hypnotise us. 915 00:56:37,060 --> 00:56:41,064 Such hypnosis came to the fore in our times. 916 00:56:41,148 --> 00:56:44,276 Slow movies became a kind of genre, 917 00:56:44,359 --> 00:56:46,737 maybe to try to calm the heartbeat 918 00:56:46,820 --> 00:56:51,158 of the 21st century, its mania, its pinballing. 919 00:56:53,076 --> 00:56:54,703 If you're used to action films, 920 00:56:54,786 --> 00:56:57,122 it's hard to love inaction films, 921 00:56:57,205 --> 00:57:01,919 but the best revived the sense that cinema is a time medium, 922 00:57:02,002 --> 00:57:04,671 that Patience is rewarding. 923 00:57:07,466 --> 00:57:12,638 Pedro costa's Portuguese slow epic colossal youth. 924 00:57:12,721 --> 00:57:16,224 Two people. A chink of daylight illuminates 925 00:57:16,308 --> 00:57:18,977 the red and pink flasks. 926 00:57:23,273 --> 00:57:25,525 Distant traffic and chatter 927 00:57:27,486 --> 00:57:29,947 real street sound from outside, 928 00:57:30,030 --> 00:57:33,241 but in here, it feels like we're hiding 929 00:57:33,325 --> 00:57:35,744 from the speed of the outside world. 930 00:57:38,872 --> 00:57:43,460 Sadness, poverty, and waiting for better times, 931 00:57:43,543 --> 00:57:47,172 but also guys with time for each other. 932 00:57:49,132 --> 00:57:50,509 Sete. 933 00:57:52,719 --> 00:57:55,973 Playing cards at the edge of Europe, 934 00:57:56,056 --> 00:57:59,059 at the edge of the financial crash. 935 00:57:59,142 --> 00:58:03,021 No music, close-ups, camera move or editing. 936 00:58:03,105 --> 00:58:05,023 Just a still life, 937 00:58:05,107 --> 00:58:09,152 like a painting by still life master chardin. 938 00:58:13,240 --> 00:58:16,284 Slow cinema was made everywhere in our era. 939 00:58:17,786 --> 00:58:19,663 We're in america now, 940 00:58:19,746 --> 00:58:22,708 Kelly reichardt's film certain women. 941 00:58:22,791 --> 00:58:24,626 Laura dern is a lawyer. 942 00:58:24,710 --> 00:58:27,587 The end of a hostage situation. 943 00:58:27,671 --> 00:58:30,424 Night-time. Doors and corridors. 944 00:58:30,507 --> 00:58:33,510 Muted colours. No Hollywood hype. 945 00:58:33,593 --> 00:58:37,389 He's in the back. He's unarmed. 946 00:58:41,309 --> 00:58:42,644 You did good. 947 00:58:47,691 --> 00:58:49,651 Inaudible discussion 948 00:58:57,617 --> 00:59:01,079 We've gotten to know her, like her, 949 00:59:01,163 --> 00:59:03,373 but then, this cut... 950 00:59:05,125 --> 00:59:06,668 To another character. 951 00:59:08,253 --> 00:59:10,714 Another unhurried story. 952 00:59:10,797 --> 00:59:12,758 And then another. 953 00:59:12,841 --> 00:59:17,012 We see these new characters' daily lives and desires. 954 00:59:17,095 --> 00:59:19,014 For nearly an hour, 955 00:59:19,097 --> 00:59:22,726 dern's lawyer is out of the story. 956 00:59:22,809 --> 00:59:26,229 We almost forget about her. But then... 957 00:59:27,939 --> 00:59:29,566 Is that her? 958 00:59:29,649 --> 00:59:33,528 The muted colour palette again, long shot. 959 00:59:35,113 --> 00:59:37,365 Then, one of the film's central characters, 960 00:59:37,449 --> 00:59:40,160 and dern is in her background. 961 00:59:40,243 --> 00:59:43,955 You could call this structural slowness. 962 00:59:45,791 --> 00:59:47,626 Woman mouths 963 00:59:56,176 --> 01:00:00,555 And talking of structural slowness, what about this? 964 01:00:00,639 --> 01:00:03,558 Crickets chirrup and dog barks 965 01:00:03,642 --> 01:00:05,852 night-time in the Philippines. 966 01:00:05,936 --> 01:00:09,022 In the distance, a woman and her three kids. 967 01:00:09,106 --> 01:00:12,317 Her husband, a good man, has been imprisoned 968 01:00:12,400 --> 01:00:15,153 for a murder he did not commit. 969 01:00:15,237 --> 01:00:18,990 Years have passed. She's struggled to feed her family. 970 01:00:19,074 --> 01:00:21,535 No music, no film lighting. 971 01:00:21,618 --> 01:00:24,246 The camera tracks right with the family. 972 01:00:24,329 --> 01:00:28,291 We're more than two hours into lav Diaz's epic film 973 01:00:28,375 --> 01:00:30,252 about crime and punishment. 974 01:00:30,335 --> 01:00:32,629 It's built with blocks of time, 975 01:00:32,712 --> 01:00:36,133 like an igloo is built with blocks of ice. 976 01:00:36,216 --> 01:00:38,510 Our hearts break for the family, 977 01:00:38,593 --> 01:00:41,138 but the film's heart doesn't break, 978 01:00:41,221 --> 01:00:44,432 even when there's a story shock, like this one. 979 01:00:44,516 --> 01:00:48,562 The real killer, fabian, walks into shot. 980 01:00:48,645 --> 01:00:51,815 We haven't seen him in ages 981 01:00:51,898 --> 01:00:53,692 and we track with him. 982 01:00:54,901 --> 01:00:56,570 Dogs bark 983 01:00:56,653 --> 01:00:58,488 we can't see his face. 984 01:00:58,572 --> 01:01:01,283 What's he going to do? His hand in his pocket. 985 01:01:02,826 --> 01:01:06,788 He's a radical student with a grudge against society. 986 01:01:06,872 --> 01:01:09,875 It's like we're in a Clint Eastwood film now. 987 01:01:12,794 --> 01:01:15,922 And then, oh no, he follows. 988 01:01:24,097 --> 01:01:25,974 A thriller would out here 989 01:01:26,057 --> 01:01:29,019 to close-ups, or intercut to have music. 990 01:01:29,102 --> 01:01:32,772 But director Diaz isn't swimming in the drama. 991 01:01:32,856 --> 01:01:36,735 He's detached, Dostoevsky-detached. 992 01:01:36,818 --> 01:01:38,945 Dogs bark 993 01:01:42,449 --> 01:01:45,911 then, the kids and a window. 994 01:01:45,994 --> 01:01:49,456 Will killer fabian appear at that window? 995 01:01:49,539 --> 01:01:53,668 Daring slowness, and dread, too. 996 01:02:10,852 --> 01:02:13,813 She yawns 997 01:02:20,445 --> 01:02:23,073 And we're outside as the mother opens the window. 998 01:02:23,156 --> 01:02:25,784 Dawn, and a distant fire, 999 01:02:25,867 --> 01:02:27,702 and soldiers 1000 01:02:27,786 --> 01:02:30,705 and another dead-slow tracking shot. 1001 01:02:30,789 --> 01:02:35,961 We're scanning the shot now, looking for fabian. 1002 01:02:38,171 --> 01:02:41,383 The slowness gives us a sense of place, 1003 01:02:41,466 --> 01:02:43,927 of dread and of history. 1004 01:02:48,765 --> 01:02:51,393 Knock on door our final great slow film. 1005 01:02:51,476 --> 01:02:54,271 A grey image, a knock on a door. 1006 01:02:54,354 --> 01:02:56,648 An out-of-focus woman goes to open it. 1007 01:02:56,731 --> 01:02:58,024 Knock on door 1008 01:02:58,108 --> 01:02:59,651 we're in her flat. 1009 01:02:59,734 --> 01:03:02,862 She's having an affair with the man we're looking at. 1010 01:03:04,990 --> 01:03:07,242 We don't find this out for a long time, 1011 01:03:07,325 --> 01:03:10,745 but the guy who's come in is her husband. 1012 01:03:13,748 --> 01:03:15,667 The nerves of the lover. 1013 01:03:51,578 --> 01:03:55,248 Tip-toeing. No out, no music. 1014 01:04:02,380 --> 01:04:07,385 Door opens and closes 1015 01:04:10,513 --> 01:04:12,223 door closes 1016 01:04:21,316 --> 01:04:23,818 Door opens 1017 01:04:25,278 --> 01:04:28,573 then, the close-up sound of the door opening. 1018 01:04:28,656 --> 01:04:31,534 Hand-held move backwards. 1019 01:04:32,786 --> 01:04:35,163 Footsteps 1020 01:04:41,211 --> 01:04:43,254 Then, the husband. 1021 01:04:47,384 --> 01:04:49,427 Why is he not looking at the lover? 1022 01:05:05,777 --> 01:05:08,154 Only now he looks. 1023 01:05:15,703 --> 01:05:18,665 So, it's the shoes that gave him away. 1024 01:05:18,748 --> 01:05:20,834 Tension. Breathing. 1025 01:05:20,917 --> 01:05:25,630 This film was made by 29-year-old hu Bo, 1026 01:05:25,713 --> 01:05:28,967 who killed himself before its premiere. 1027 01:05:29,050 --> 01:05:34,055 A mournful, resigned slow-cinema masterpiece. 1028 01:05:48,987 --> 01:05:50,905 And then, what happens? 1029 01:05:53,408 --> 01:05:57,078 Off camera, the husband jumps from the window. 1030 01:06:00,707 --> 01:06:02,208 Window bangs 1031 01:06:06,671 --> 01:06:10,091 an elephant sitting still was a fiction film, 1032 01:06:10,175 --> 01:06:12,802 but it looked, at times, like a documentary. 1033 01:06:15,221 --> 01:06:19,058 What about the actual documentaries of our times? 1034 01:06:19,142 --> 01:06:20,643 How did they innovate? 1035 01:06:20,727 --> 01:06:23,396 How did they engage with the real world? 1036 01:06:24,981 --> 01:06:27,567 This in the opening night of a documentary film festival 1037 01:06:27,650 --> 01:06:30,612 in Minsk, the capital of Belarus. 1038 01:06:37,368 --> 01:06:40,914 The movie screen is covered in what looks like bin bags. 1039 01:06:40,997 --> 01:06:45,168 People crawl from behind the screen. 1040 01:06:45,251 --> 01:06:50,256 The Belarus state security, the kgb, is in the audience, 1041 01:06:50,340 --> 01:06:53,510 so this is filmed on a phone. 1042 01:06:53,593 --> 01:06:56,596 Belarus had proportionally more deaths 1043 01:06:56,679 --> 01:06:59,682 than any other country in world war ii. 1044 01:06:59,766 --> 01:07:02,727 A quarter of its population died, 1045 01:07:02,810 --> 01:07:05,063 and two-thirds of its Jews. 1046 01:07:06,898 --> 01:07:08,566 Then, this happens. 1047 01:07:08,650 --> 01:07:11,444 The people reveal what, who? 1048 01:07:11,528 --> 01:07:14,656 An acrobat? Some kind of human spider? 1049 01:07:14,739 --> 01:07:17,575 The spider becomes a dictator. 1050 01:07:25,792 --> 01:07:27,794 The people who run this festival 1051 01:07:27,877 --> 01:07:30,129 have been arrested several times. 1052 01:07:31,798 --> 01:07:34,968 Eventually, the dictator is slain. 1053 01:07:39,722 --> 01:07:41,140 Or is he? 1054 01:07:42,934 --> 01:07:44,978 Since the late 19903, 1055 01:07:45,061 --> 01:07:47,146 documentary has had a golden age. 1056 01:07:48,523 --> 01:07:50,900 Observational documentaries have always been 1057 01:07:50,984 --> 01:07:52,652 hungry for reality. 1058 01:07:52,735 --> 01:07:56,447 In our times, this one extended 1059 01:07:56,531 --> 01:07:58,700 the hunger, the empathy. 1060 01:08:01,119 --> 01:08:03,746 Yula, a Russian ten-year-old, 1061 01:08:03,830 --> 01:08:08,793 who lives on Europe's biggest landfill site, near Moscow. 1062 01:08:13,464 --> 01:08:16,050 Her self-awareness, confidence. 1063 01:08:35,194 --> 01:08:36,696 Birds cry 1064 01:08:36,779 --> 01:08:38,239 years pass. 1065 01:08:38,323 --> 01:08:42,452 Yula becomes the narrator of her unfolding life. 1066 01:09:04,891 --> 01:09:06,684 She stares. 1067 01:09:15,860 --> 01:09:17,487 More years pass. 1068 01:09:18,780 --> 01:09:21,616 The stare and the resignation intensify. 1069 01:09:23,159 --> 01:09:25,620 The slight wobble of the image reminds us 1070 01:09:25,703 --> 01:09:27,622 of the film-maker, Hanna polak, 1071 01:09:27,705 --> 01:09:30,583 who shot for 14 years. 1072 01:09:32,043 --> 01:09:33,836 It's like a medieval film. 1073 01:09:36,297 --> 01:09:37,507 Sama. 1074 01:09:37,590 --> 01:09:41,427 Narrator: A baby girl, another observational film. 1075 01:09:41,511 --> 01:09:43,513 Five years of shooting. 1076 01:09:43,596 --> 01:09:45,098 Sama cries 1077 01:10:04,242 --> 01:10:08,454 The narrator is waad ai-kateab, sama's mum. 1078 01:10:08,538 --> 01:10:12,500 She also co-directs from the heart 1079 01:10:12,583 --> 01:10:17,964 of the war in Syria, which has killed 400,000 people. 1080 01:10:21,259 --> 01:10:24,053 The film couldn't be more grass-roots, 1081 01:10:24,137 --> 01:10:26,389 and yet it also has an overview, 1082 01:10:26,472 --> 01:10:29,058 like a drone shot has an overview. 1083 01:10:33,271 --> 01:10:36,983 A story told by the person at its centre. 1084 01:10:37,066 --> 01:10:39,444 A first-person film, 1085 01:10:39,527 --> 01:10:42,989 but, because the film-maker talks to her daughter, 1086 01:10:43,072 --> 01:10:46,701 it's also a second-person film. 1087 01:10:50,955 --> 01:10:52,790 Baby cries 1088 01:10:52,874 --> 01:10:55,209 panicked chatter 1089 01:10:55,293 --> 01:10:58,921 boy cries 1090 01:10:59,005 --> 01:11:01,132 observational films are only one type 1091 01:11:01,215 --> 01:11:02,759 of documentary, of course. 1092 01:11:08,139 --> 01:11:11,058 40 years after the battle of Chile, 1093 01:11:11,142 --> 01:11:13,644 his fly-on-the-wall, on-the-barricades, 1094 01:11:13,728 --> 01:11:16,939 in-the-moment account of a coup in Chile... 1095 01:11:17,023 --> 01:11:19,192 Los agitadores provocan a la policia. 1096 01:11:19,275 --> 01:11:22,069 Patricio guzman started a new film, 1097 01:11:22,153 --> 01:11:24,530 the Pearl button, like this. 1098 01:11:29,076 --> 01:11:32,455 Are we seeing a science doc or an arts film? 1099 01:11:37,752 --> 01:11:39,212 Then, this commentary. 1100 01:11:56,938 --> 01:11:58,898 What a tiny start to a film. 1101 01:11:58,981 --> 01:12:02,443 But then, guzman cuts to these radio scanners, 1102 01:12:02,527 --> 01:12:04,403 searching the universe. 1103 01:12:04,487 --> 01:12:06,823 Immediately, his scale is vast, 1104 01:12:06,906 --> 01:12:09,033 like the audacious cut in time 1105 01:12:09,116 --> 01:12:12,370 in 2001: A space odyssey is vast. 1106 01:12:16,040 --> 01:12:18,835 Music: The blue danube by Johann Strauss ii 1107 01:12:23,005 --> 01:12:26,425 from an ancient, small mineral drop of water 1108 01:12:26,509 --> 01:12:28,261 to outer space. 1109 01:12:28,344 --> 01:12:30,972 A lesser film-maker might get lost 1110 01:12:31,055 --> 01:12:32,849 in this vast canvas, 1111 01:12:32,932 --> 01:12:35,518 but guzman connects the two moments. 1112 01:12:50,491 --> 01:12:53,411 From here he weaves in other stories - 1113 01:12:53,494 --> 01:12:56,789 genocide, how the victims of the dictator pinochet 1114 01:12:56,873 --> 01:13:00,418 were drowned in the ocean, and the environment. 1115 01:13:00,501 --> 01:13:03,796 Essay films are thinking films. 1116 01:13:03,880 --> 01:13:06,716 They take ideas for a walk. 1117 01:13:08,426 --> 01:13:11,429 The Pearl button does so, brilliantly. 1118 01:13:11,512 --> 01:13:14,807 It extended the reach of documentary. 1119 01:13:16,851 --> 01:13:18,936 In the second part of our film, 1120 01:13:19,020 --> 01:13:20,479 we'll look at documentaries 1121 01:13:20,563 --> 01:13:24,066 which didn't only extend the existing language of film. 1122 01:13:24,150 --> 01:13:26,652 They came up with a new language. 1123 01:13:27,737 --> 01:13:30,907 But for now, one final documentary film - 1124 01:13:30,990 --> 01:13:34,535 a film that people in Belarus would admire 1125 01:13:34,619 --> 01:13:39,749 because of its courage to challenge state authority. 1126 01:13:49,258 --> 01:13:50,885 This is the film. 1127 01:13:50,968 --> 01:13:54,138 It begins with a single event in India - 1128 01:13:54,221 --> 01:13:57,892 the assassination of a secular thinker - 1129 01:13:57,975 --> 01:14:01,812 but it builds to encompass the history of the country, 1130 01:14:01,896 --> 01:14:03,773 its constitution 1131 01:14:03,856 --> 01:14:05,900 and the rise of superstition 1132 01:14:05,983 --> 01:14:07,860 and religious fundamentalism. 1133 01:14:07,944 --> 01:14:10,404 This is a press conference 1134 01:14:10,488 --> 01:14:12,949 called to defend the murderer 1135 01:14:13,032 --> 01:14:15,242 of a secular activist. 1136 01:14:15,326 --> 01:14:17,453 The murderer's defenders are 1137 01:14:17,536 --> 01:14:19,372 dangerous and powerful. 1138 01:14:19,455 --> 01:14:21,290 In the middle of the conference, 1139 01:14:21,374 --> 01:14:23,209 we suddenly hear this question 1140 01:14:23,292 --> 01:14:26,754 about anand patwardhan, the director of the film. 1141 01:14:35,930 --> 01:14:37,306 And then, patwardhan, 1142 01:14:37,390 --> 01:14:39,225 who's just been threatened, 1143 01:14:39,308 --> 01:14:40,810 speaks up. 1144 01:14:55,157 --> 01:14:57,994 One of the bravest moments in recent cinema. 1145 01:14:58,077 --> 01:15:02,123 Patwardhan's line, "I'm standing here," could be 1146 01:15:02,206 --> 01:15:06,711 a motto for documentary film-makers at their best. 1147 01:15:14,135 --> 01:15:17,138 From documentary to something else - its opposite, 1148 01:15:17,221 --> 01:15:20,766 the unreal aspect of film in recent years, 1149 01:15:20,850 --> 01:15:23,019 its heat shimmer. 1150 01:15:24,812 --> 01:15:27,648 Los Angeles is good at the unreal. 1151 01:15:27,732 --> 01:15:32,194 In a city of blue skies, they paint more blue skies. 1152 01:15:37,950 --> 01:15:40,786 It's hard to tell the real sky from the imagined one. 1153 01:15:48,461 --> 01:15:51,839 At the start of 2020, the world closed. 1154 01:15:55,176 --> 01:15:58,137 People disappeared from city streets. 1155 01:15:58,220 --> 01:16:00,973 Real life became unreal. 1156 01:16:11,150 --> 01:16:14,570 Movies, of course, have always loved the unreal. 1157 01:16:14,653 --> 01:16:17,698 They've been great at the off-kilter everyday. 1158 01:16:17,782 --> 01:16:20,159 More than 90 years ago, 1159 01:16:20,242 --> 01:16:23,621 pioneering surrealist germaine dulac dissolved 1160 01:16:23,704 --> 01:16:25,873 between pov street shots 1161 01:16:25,956 --> 01:16:28,125 to create a kind of dizzy swoon. 1162 01:16:30,086 --> 01:16:32,880 Many films in recent years have extended 1163 01:16:32,963 --> 01:16:35,674 this othenlvorldly way of looking at the world. 1164 01:16:37,635 --> 01:16:39,261 This is the opening sequence 1165 01:16:39,345 --> 01:16:41,972 of ildeko enyedi's on body and soul. 1166 01:16:42,056 --> 01:16:43,808 Eyes. 1167 01:16:45,893 --> 01:16:47,228 Touch. 1168 01:16:47,311 --> 01:16:48,979 Breathing. 1169 01:16:51,023 --> 01:16:52,191 Licking... 1170 01:16:52,274 --> 01:16:53,734 But not. 1171 01:16:56,278 --> 01:16:58,447 So unhurried, so calm. 1172 01:17:00,616 --> 01:17:04,078 These images could easily come from a nature film, of course, 1173 01:17:04,161 --> 01:17:07,790 but soon, we meet two shy, troubled people 1174 01:17:07,873 --> 01:17:10,334 who like each other 1175 01:17:10,417 --> 01:17:12,670 but don't quite know how to be in love. 1176 01:17:15,422 --> 01:17:18,551 The deer are them in their dreams, 1177 01:17:18,634 --> 01:17:20,469 their better selves. 1178 01:17:24,014 --> 01:17:25,891 From Hungary to Greece. 1179 01:17:25,975 --> 01:17:28,644 In recent years, Greek directors have made 1180 01:17:28,727 --> 01:17:30,646 a series of surreal films, 1181 01:17:30,729 --> 01:17:33,023 which were dubbed the "weird wave". 1182 01:17:33,107 --> 01:17:36,819 Athina-rachél tsangari's attenberg has 1183 01:17:36,902 --> 01:17:40,531 some of the same themes as enyedi's deer film. 1184 01:17:40,614 --> 01:17:43,284 A young woman with her sick dad. 1185 01:17:43,367 --> 01:17:45,744 Then, we see what she's watching. 1186 01:17:50,708 --> 01:17:52,585 A TV show, 1187 01:17:52,668 --> 01:17:56,672 a man imagining what it would be like to be an animal. 1188 01:18:41,842 --> 01:18:43,552 Like she's leapt species. 1189 01:18:44,762 --> 01:18:46,889 Then, we cut to the girl and her friend, 1190 01:18:46,972 --> 01:18:49,975 walking weirdly, like horses almost, 1191 01:18:50,059 --> 01:18:52,603 trying to escape the human condition. 1192 01:18:57,942 --> 01:19:00,611 But the most off-kilter film of our times 1193 01:19:00,694 --> 01:19:03,239 was, perhaps, this astonishing one. 1194 01:19:04,823 --> 01:19:07,159 Years in the making, three hours long, 1195 01:19:07,243 --> 01:19:11,413 completed after the death of its director aleksei German, 1196 01:19:11,497 --> 01:19:15,501 it's set on a teeming, rancid planet 1197 01:19:15,584 --> 01:19:20,089 on which art and thought are quelled. 1198 01:19:26,971 --> 01:19:29,223 A bird almost touches the lens. 1199 01:19:29,306 --> 01:19:31,725 Then, this striking composition. 1200 01:19:31,809 --> 01:19:36,188 The slit of the hat. Not an ounce of free space. 1201 01:19:36,272 --> 01:19:39,108 Men whistle 1202 01:19:52,413 --> 01:19:54,206 Then, this hand, 1203 01:19:54,290 --> 01:19:56,792 then a naked foot, then a boot. 1204 01:19:58,919 --> 01:20:01,046 And the greyness and the dirt. 1205 01:20:06,010 --> 01:20:08,220 And almost white now. 1206 01:20:15,477 --> 01:20:18,063 And the guy reaches his hand out. 1207 01:20:20,607 --> 01:20:22,818 Horses' hooves thud 1208 01:20:26,447 --> 01:20:29,783 then, this umbrella, out of the mist. 1209 01:20:30,993 --> 01:20:33,620 The movie frame constantly invaded. 1210 01:20:34,997 --> 01:20:37,499 This guy is the central character, 1211 01:20:37,583 --> 01:20:40,127 a visitor from earth. 1212 01:20:44,923 --> 01:20:47,801 The people on this planet think he's a kind of god. 1213 01:20:47,885 --> 01:20:49,845 He's gone native, 1214 01:20:49,928 --> 01:20:52,765 like Marlon Brando in apocalypse now. 1215 01:20:52,848 --> 01:20:57,394 Hard to be a god is a medieval mad Max in the mud. 1216 01:20:59,355 --> 01:21:03,442 It pushed film as far as it could go. 1217 01:21:04,777 --> 01:21:06,987 Boy screams 1218 01:21:08,322 --> 01:21:12,159 few artworks of the 21st century were more dense, 1219 01:21:12,242 --> 01:21:15,371 confusing or sensory. 1220 01:21:15,454 --> 01:21:21,043 Surely this, then, is the end of the line in our story? 1221 01:21:21,126 --> 01:21:23,879 No. We're only halfway there. 1222 01:21:23,962 --> 01:21:27,257 Even a film as extreme as hard to be a god 1223 01:21:27,341 --> 01:21:30,636 had direct connections with the movie past. 1224 01:21:32,012 --> 01:21:35,057 Its muddy vortex was there in the battle scene 1225 01:21:35,140 --> 01:21:37,851 in Orson welles' chimes at midnight. 1226 01:21:37,935 --> 01:21:40,562 Shouting and screaming 1227 01:21:44,024 --> 01:21:47,611 visual chaos, the camera almost touching the horse. 1228 01:21:47,694 --> 01:21:49,905 So full of texture. 1229 01:21:52,908 --> 01:21:54,743 Man clears throat 1230 01:21:54,827 --> 01:21:57,162 what lay beyond this excess? 1231 01:21:57,246 --> 01:21:59,164 The shock of the new. 1232 01:22:00,541 --> 01:22:03,210 New ways of seeing in film, 1233 01:22:03,293 --> 01:22:05,796 the black box, where light matters. 1234 01:22:05,879 --> 01:22:07,589 The films and technologies 1235 01:22:07,673 --> 01:22:09,383 that did something in cinema 1236 01:22:09,466 --> 01:22:11,552 we'd never seen before. 1237 01:22:27,234 --> 01:22:29,403 Splashing 1238 01:22:36,577 --> 01:22:38,412 What did we just see? 1239 01:22:38,495 --> 01:22:41,331 A camera fell into a Scottish loch, 1240 01:22:41,415 --> 01:22:43,500 then was pulled out. 1241 01:22:43,584 --> 01:22:46,128 It took a dive, went underneath, 1242 01:22:46,211 --> 01:22:48,797 then came back again to tell the tale. 1243 01:22:51,550 --> 01:22:54,428 Part two of our story is about taking a dive, 1244 01:22:54,511 --> 01:22:55,637 going underneath, 1245 01:22:55,721 --> 01:22:59,600 and coming back a bit shocked, but renewed. 1246 01:23:01,477 --> 01:23:03,353 It'll be about those film-makers 1247 01:23:03,437 --> 01:23:07,149 who seemed to wipe the lens so we could see anew... 1248 01:23:08,609 --> 01:23:12,112 Who, instead of showing a woman's face 1249 01:23:12,196 --> 01:23:14,448 as she goes to the opera, 1250 01:23:14,531 --> 01:23:17,075 shows the back of her dress, 1251 01:23:17,159 --> 01:23:19,870 as if we're seeing a bit of an old painting, 1252 01:23:19,953 --> 01:23:21,622 rather than the whole thing. 1253 01:23:21,705 --> 01:23:23,874 Orchestra tunes instruments 1254 01:23:36,929 --> 01:23:38,722 The Algerian desert. 1255 01:23:38,805 --> 01:23:41,350 A man in uniform walks towards a wall. 1256 01:23:43,560 --> 01:23:45,521 A needless wall, surely? 1257 01:23:45,604 --> 01:23:48,023 The man is having hallucinations, 1258 01:23:48,106 --> 01:23:50,484 flashbacks to a violent past. 1259 01:23:51,693 --> 01:23:53,320 What's the wall doing here? 1260 01:23:53,403 --> 01:23:58,784 In China, walls are put in vistas to block the view. 1261 01:23:58,867 --> 01:24:01,328 This man can't see clearly. 1262 01:24:01,411 --> 01:24:03,080 He's blocked. 1263 01:24:08,585 --> 01:24:10,837 And then, the edge of the wall. 1264 01:24:10,921 --> 01:24:12,506 What's behind it? 1265 01:24:12,589 --> 01:24:15,425 Cut, and we follow. 1266 01:24:15,509 --> 01:24:18,220 Traffic and chatter 1267 01:24:18,303 --> 01:24:20,597 is that street sound we hear? 1268 01:24:20,681 --> 01:24:22,516 Car horn beeps 1269 01:24:22,599 --> 01:24:25,185 the wall seems far bigger now. 1270 01:24:28,438 --> 01:24:32,568 And we're in a city. We've crossed a threshold. 1271 01:24:41,743 --> 01:24:43,495 Seagulls cry 1272 01:24:43,579 --> 01:24:45,539 this man has just woken up. 1273 01:24:45,622 --> 01:24:48,041 He was asleep, underneath, 1274 01:24:48,125 --> 01:24:52,337 but has come to for air, into his hotel room. 1275 01:24:55,632 --> 01:24:57,968 He's still in his pyjamas. 1276 01:24:58,051 --> 01:25:00,679 The hotel room has tree wallpaper. 1277 01:25:05,309 --> 01:25:07,144 But why is he pushing it? 1278 01:25:16,528 --> 01:25:18,363 Loud splintering 1279 01:25:21,366 --> 01:25:23,577 wow, a breakthrough. 1280 01:25:23,660 --> 01:25:26,830 Drone, and the sound of seagulls. 1281 01:25:26,913 --> 01:25:30,208 A corridor, a room next door. 1282 01:25:30,292 --> 01:25:32,461 To what does it lead? 1283 01:25:34,421 --> 01:25:36,423 Waves lap 1284 01:25:40,802 --> 01:25:43,013 seagulls cry 1285 01:25:45,140 --> 01:25:47,351 a movie theatre. 1286 01:25:47,434 --> 01:25:50,187 A great start to a film. 1287 01:25:50,270 --> 01:25:52,439 From bed to cinema. 1288 01:25:52,522 --> 01:25:55,651 From undennater to seeing anew. 1289 01:25:55,734 --> 01:25:57,611 And the actor? 1290 01:25:57,694 --> 01:26:00,614 It's the film's director, Leos carax. 1291 01:26:00,697 --> 01:26:03,784 One of the most visual threshold crossings 1292 01:26:03,867 --> 01:26:05,118 in modern cinema. 1293 01:26:05,202 --> 01:26:07,746 Seagulls cry 1294 01:26:14,378 --> 01:26:18,256 The offspring of this famous threshold. 1295 01:26:20,258 --> 01:26:22,094 Woman: Essaie. 1296 01:26:22,177 --> 01:26:25,722 Jean cocteau's poet plunges into a new realm, 1297 01:26:25,806 --> 01:26:27,891 mirror becoming water, 1298 01:26:27,974 --> 01:26:29,893 hard is soft, 1299 01:26:29,976 --> 01:26:32,062 and then, we're in the dark. 1300 01:26:32,145 --> 01:26:34,940 We've left conventions behind. 1301 01:26:42,406 --> 01:26:44,783 The same visual idea is 1302 01:26:44,866 --> 01:26:48,120 in one of the most inventive films of our times. 1303 01:26:49,454 --> 01:26:51,623 We're through the looking glass of desire. 1304 01:26:51,707 --> 01:26:54,126 Hard and soft, like in cocteau. 1305 01:26:54,209 --> 01:26:58,505 She's an alien and walks on the shiny, black liquid. 1306 01:26:58,588 --> 01:27:02,217 He drowns in it, in his desire. 1307 01:27:03,844 --> 01:27:07,222 Sliding, screeching music by mica Levi... 1308 01:27:11,852 --> 01:27:14,438 Slides us into the Demi-monde, 1309 01:27:14,521 --> 01:27:16,857 like that of holy motors. 1310 01:27:19,109 --> 01:27:22,738 Both films riffed on Jean cocteau surrealism, 1311 01:27:22,821 --> 01:27:26,825 but wiped the lens clean with new ways of seeing. 1312 01:27:35,333 --> 01:27:37,753 Under the skin literally started 1313 01:27:37,836 --> 01:27:40,088 with the construction of an alien's eye. 1314 01:27:40,172 --> 01:27:43,216 We see it form in huge close-up. 1315 01:27:47,304 --> 01:27:51,308 And, amid the frantic, beehive music, 1316 01:27:51,391 --> 01:27:53,602 we hear her learn to speak. 1317 01:27:56,313 --> 01:27:57,856 Alien: Foals. 1318 01:27:57,939 --> 01:27:59,357 Foals. 1319 01:28:00,442 --> 01:28:02,652 A new language for her, 1320 01:28:02,736 --> 01:28:05,197 a new language for movies. 1321 01:28:05,280 --> 01:28:06,823 Foals. 1322 01:28:08,658 --> 01:28:11,745 And perhaps under the skin's most daring innovation 1323 01:28:11,828 --> 01:28:14,039 was to shoot a Sci-Fi movie 1324 01:28:14,122 --> 01:28:16,541 starring one of the world's most famous actors, 1325 01:28:16,625 --> 01:28:19,044 Scarlett Johansson, 1326 01:28:19,127 --> 01:28:21,171 as a documentary. 1327 01:28:21,254 --> 01:28:22,631 Do you know where asda is? 1328 01:28:22,714 --> 01:28:25,550 - No. - I don't even know? 1329 01:28:25,634 --> 01:28:28,053 He doesn't know he's being filmed. 1330 01:28:28,136 --> 01:28:30,222 The cameras are hidden. 1331 01:28:30,305 --> 01:28:32,682 You can see the edge of the dashboard 1332 01:28:32,766 --> 01:28:35,685 in which one is concealed. 1333 01:28:35,769 --> 01:28:38,855 No movie lighting on her face. 1334 01:28:38,939 --> 01:28:41,733 Man: Left, so it's right, then... 1335 01:28:41,817 --> 01:28:43,860 Real street sound. 1336 01:28:43,944 --> 01:28:45,695 Man: It's a big asda. You'll see it. 1337 01:28:45,779 --> 01:28:47,405 - A big asda sign. - Ok. 1338 01:28:47,489 --> 01:28:49,533 Am I keeping you from something? 1339 01:28:49,616 --> 01:28:51,701 - No. - Where are you going? 1340 01:28:51,785 --> 01:28:54,246 Narrator: A complete reversal of expectation, 1341 01:28:54,329 --> 01:28:57,582 a genre baptised and reborn. 1342 01:28:57,666 --> 01:28:59,668 - All right, thank you. - See you later. 1343 01:29:02,963 --> 01:29:05,590 As challenging as the great Iranian films, 1344 01:29:05,674 --> 01:29:07,133 such as this one, 1345 01:29:07,217 --> 01:29:09,928 abbas kiarostami and mania akbari's ten, 1346 01:29:10,011 --> 01:29:12,347 which is similarly framed, 1347 01:29:12,430 --> 01:29:14,391 looks like a documentary... 1348 01:29:16,309 --> 01:29:19,437 And yet went way beyond the everyday. 1349 01:29:29,322 --> 01:29:32,075 What was it like to try to look at life anew 1350 01:29:32,158 --> 01:29:33,827 in our times? 1351 01:29:33,910 --> 01:29:35,871 For gilded film-makers, 1352 01:29:35,954 --> 01:29:38,665 life has always looked like a moving target. 1353 01:29:41,001 --> 01:29:44,796 The world glides and twists in front of their eyes. 1354 01:29:46,882 --> 01:29:49,551 Many of the best writers and directors want to try 1355 01:29:49,634 --> 01:29:51,970 to describe the world anew. 1356 01:29:52,053 --> 01:29:57,350 But newness is also, sometimes, handed to them. 1357 01:29:57,434 --> 01:30:01,897 Technology changes how they see, how we see. 1358 01:30:03,315 --> 01:30:05,358 Technology changed the story of film 1359 01:30:05,442 --> 01:30:10,739 in the 1920s, '50s, '60s, '803 and '903, 1360 01:30:10,822 --> 01:30:14,492 and it has done so again in our times. 1361 01:30:14,576 --> 01:30:18,955 Broadway legend George m cohan stands on his plinth 1362 01:30:19,039 --> 01:30:21,374 in Times Square, New York. 1363 01:30:21,458 --> 01:30:24,336 He lived until 1942, 1364 01:30:24,419 --> 01:30:28,548 but would find this place almost unrecognisable now. 1365 01:30:28,632 --> 01:30:33,637 He looks into a canyon of colour and flicker. 1366 01:30:33,720 --> 01:30:35,931 Would he be scared by this? 1367 01:30:36,014 --> 01:30:39,976 Are we scared by the constant movement and seduction? 1368 01:30:43,563 --> 01:30:45,941 So much has happened in the digital canon 1369 01:30:46,024 --> 01:30:48,318 that we can feel dwarfed by it. 1370 01:30:49,444 --> 01:30:51,404 Streaming happened. 1371 01:30:51,488 --> 01:30:53,573 Films were available on demand, 1372 01:30:53,657 --> 01:30:56,952 rather than, as previously, on supply. 1373 01:30:58,620 --> 01:31:02,874 "What you want when you want it" was the new offer. 1374 01:31:02,958 --> 01:31:05,669 For most of movie history, 1375 01:31:05,752 --> 01:31:11,132 they, the film suppliers, had power over us. 1376 01:31:11,216 --> 01:31:15,595 In the last generation, we have power over them. 1377 01:31:19,516 --> 01:31:22,686 YouTube became a shabby, global cinematheque, 1378 01:31:22,769 --> 01:31:27,983 a rewarding megalopolis with 28 billion hits per month. 1379 01:31:30,318 --> 01:31:33,947 In China, douban. Com's movie wing was having 1380 01:31:34,030 --> 01:31:36,324 50 million hits per month. 1381 01:31:39,953 --> 01:31:42,956 And Netflix, Amazon studios and others became 1382 01:31:43,039 --> 01:31:45,083 production companies of largesse, 1383 01:31:45,166 --> 01:31:48,461 at their best, cosimo de' medicis 1384 01:31:48,545 --> 01:31:51,214 for auteurs like Martin scorsese. 1385 01:31:52,966 --> 01:31:58,138 Gopro cameras, the brainchild of surfers, launched in 2004. 1386 01:31:58,221 --> 01:32:03,393 They were cheap and gave "fish-eye" visual bulges. 1387 01:32:06,104 --> 01:32:08,690 Ethnographers lucien castaing-Taylor 1388 01:32:08,773 --> 01:32:11,234 and verena paravel seemed to take 1389 01:32:11,317 --> 01:32:13,403 this "fish-eye" phrase literally 1390 01:32:13,486 --> 01:32:16,239 and attached cameras to fish. 1391 01:32:17,991 --> 01:32:21,411 This couldn't be a human point of view or a planned shot. 1392 01:32:21,494 --> 01:32:25,331 It's closer, slimier, more immersive and random 1393 01:32:25,415 --> 01:32:28,501 than almost anything in the history of cinema. 1394 01:32:28,585 --> 01:32:31,588 Accidental visual marvels. 1395 01:32:31,671 --> 01:32:35,008 Nearly all cinema has been anthropocentric. 1396 01:32:36,843 --> 01:32:40,096 The gopro camera was cinema's copernicus. 1397 01:32:47,145 --> 01:32:50,565 The technology was creating new ways of seeing. 1398 01:32:52,275 --> 01:32:55,361 Everybody who makes knows that they're limited 1399 01:32:55,445 --> 01:32:57,489 by their tools in some ways, 1400 01:32:57,572 --> 01:33:01,326 and extended by their tools in other ways. 1401 01:33:01,409 --> 01:33:05,413 As a theatre man, George cohan would have known this. 1402 01:33:07,415 --> 01:33:09,918 But what would he have made of one of these? 1403 01:33:10,001 --> 01:33:11,878 The world in your pocket. 1404 01:33:11,961 --> 01:33:13,838 Your life in your pocket. 1405 01:33:13,922 --> 01:33:16,049 How have they changed cinema? 1406 01:33:18,218 --> 01:33:20,512 The beginning of Austrian film-maker 1407 01:33:20,595 --> 01:33:22,680 Michael haneke's happy end. 1408 01:33:22,764 --> 01:33:24,390 Obviously, a phone shot. 1409 01:33:24,474 --> 01:33:27,227 Vertical rather than horizontal, hand-held. 1410 01:33:27,310 --> 01:33:29,687 A teenager, filming her mum. 1411 01:33:29,771 --> 01:33:31,898 She hates her mum. 1412 01:33:31,981 --> 01:33:34,359 The shot feels like surveillance, 1413 01:33:34,442 --> 01:33:36,861 like the horror movie it follows. 1414 01:33:36,945 --> 01:33:40,281 The fact that it's vertical makes it feel not polished, 1415 01:33:40,365 --> 01:33:42,367 like cinema is polished. 1416 01:33:42,450 --> 01:33:46,246 It's secretive, something for her friends' eyes only. 1417 01:33:48,498 --> 01:33:49,999 This fall. 1418 01:33:50,083 --> 01:33:52,544 In a moment, we'll see the mother unconscious. 1419 01:33:54,212 --> 01:33:57,549 Seldom before had we seen a vertical shot like this, 1420 01:33:57,632 --> 01:33:59,551 used like this. 1421 01:34:02,220 --> 01:34:03,763 What are you plotting? 1422 01:34:05,974 --> 01:34:08,184 A very different kind of phone shot, 1423 01:34:08,268 --> 01:34:10,145 very widescreen, 1424 01:34:10,228 --> 01:34:12,313 the cameraperson on a bike, 1425 01:34:12,397 --> 01:34:14,524 racing around the sex worker. 1426 01:34:17,735 --> 01:34:20,321 Then, inside, intense colour. 1427 01:34:20,405 --> 01:34:24,075 Los Angeles as vivid as a Hollywood musical. 1428 01:34:24,159 --> 01:34:27,120 Non-professional actors unintimidated 1429 01:34:27,203 --> 01:34:28,371 because there isn't 1430 01:34:28,454 --> 01:34:29,706 a big film crew. 1431 01:34:29,789 --> 01:34:33,501 Movement dynamised by the deep space 1432 01:34:33,585 --> 01:34:35,128 recorded by the lens 1433 01:34:35,211 --> 01:34:36,921 ofaniphone. 1434 01:34:37,005 --> 01:34:39,299 I don't know who the fuck this bitch is, 1435 01:34:39,382 --> 01:34:41,593 but it's a white bitch. It's a white, real fish. 1436 01:34:41,676 --> 01:34:45,054 Narrator: The only extra bits of equipment are 1437 01:34:45,138 --> 01:34:47,182 a small steadicam and some new lenses. 1438 01:34:47,265 --> 01:34:49,142 Woman: Started with a d. Désirée? 1439 01:34:49,225 --> 01:34:53,271 The technology gave the film its popping imagery, 1440 01:34:53,354 --> 01:34:55,398 but its people popped, too. 1441 01:34:56,858 --> 01:35:00,111 If a trans sex worker appears in a big-budget film, 1442 01:35:00,195 --> 01:35:05,742 she's usually only to be a colourful aside, a margin. 1443 01:35:05,825 --> 01:35:08,536 Here, she's at the centre of the film. 1444 01:35:10,079 --> 01:35:13,833 The phone recentres. Copernicus, again. 1445 01:35:13,917 --> 01:35:15,752 See you later. God bless. 1446 01:35:15,835 --> 01:35:17,712 Oh, ok. I got you. 1447 01:35:18,755 --> 01:35:20,173 Girl, calm the fuck down... 1448 01:35:20,256 --> 01:35:22,050 Narrator: If we thought that the colour 1449 01:35:22,133 --> 01:35:25,136 in tangerine was extreme, look at this. 1450 01:35:25,220 --> 01:35:27,096 It was directed by Jean-Luc godard, 1451 01:35:27,180 --> 01:35:29,849 the veteran innovator and disruptor. 1452 01:35:29,933 --> 01:35:33,228 He had his dog looking at the world. 1453 01:35:33,311 --> 01:35:35,104 Video, saturated, 1454 01:35:35,188 --> 01:35:37,398 classical music, and then? 1455 01:35:39,108 --> 01:35:41,736 An everyday shot of the dog in the snow. 1456 01:35:55,708 --> 01:35:57,001 Then, this. 1457 01:35:57,085 --> 01:35:59,420 Music: Symphony no 7 in a major by Beethoven 1458 01:35:59,504 --> 01:36:01,631 tangerine and Violet. 1459 01:36:03,341 --> 01:36:05,843 Outdoing tangerine's colours. 1460 01:36:10,098 --> 01:36:15,270 But godard's greater innovation was to re-invent 3-d filming. 1461 01:36:15,353 --> 01:36:18,982 His dp, fabrice aragno, used 1462 01:36:19,065 --> 01:36:23,987 two inexpensive canon cameras, 50m apart, 1463 01:36:24,070 --> 01:36:27,365 mounted in wood, one upside down. 1464 01:36:28,783 --> 01:36:30,159 A scene like this, 1465 01:36:30,243 --> 01:36:33,079 in the 2-d version we're watching here, 1466 01:36:33,162 --> 01:36:35,498 seems unremarkable. 1467 01:36:35,581 --> 01:36:37,583 A man drags a woman. 1468 01:36:37,667 --> 01:36:39,502 The camera at an angle. 1469 01:36:39,585 --> 01:36:41,713 A man walking in the background. 1470 01:36:45,091 --> 01:36:46,217 Gunshot 1471 01:36:46,301 --> 01:36:47,844 a gunshot. 1472 01:36:47,927 --> 01:36:51,055 People running close to, and further from, the camera. 1473 01:36:51,139 --> 01:36:53,433 But shoot with two cameras, 1474 01:36:53,516 --> 01:36:56,978 and you get two superimposed images, 1475 01:36:57,061 --> 01:36:59,605 each from a slightly different angle - 1476 01:36:59,689 --> 01:37:02,275 the essence of 3-d. 1477 01:37:03,568 --> 01:37:05,820 Usually, they are overlapped in 3-d... 1478 01:37:09,615 --> 01:37:12,452 The aim being to get them to match perfectly, 1479 01:37:12,535 --> 01:37:16,539 so that when you wear 3-d glasses, you see depth. 1480 01:37:20,460 --> 01:37:22,628 But what if they don't match perfectly? 1481 01:37:23,963 --> 01:37:26,174 And what if you panned one of them right? 1482 01:37:27,592 --> 01:37:31,888 Godard and his dp did just that. From this... 1483 01:37:35,725 --> 01:37:37,393 To this. 1484 01:37:38,478 --> 01:37:41,606 Close your right eye, and the flower is static. 1485 01:37:41,689 --> 01:37:44,650 Close your left eye, it moves. 1486 01:37:44,734 --> 01:37:48,488 A splitting, not seen before. 1487 01:37:48,571 --> 01:37:51,157 A challenge to binocular vision, 1488 01:37:51,240 --> 01:37:55,203 almost as if his dog was seeing the world. 1489 01:38:15,723 --> 01:38:18,184 Music: Lola goes blind by Laurie Anderson 1490 01:38:21,854 --> 01:38:24,649 Laurie Anderson also was interested 1491 01:38:24,732 --> 01:38:26,609 in an animal's gaze. 1492 01:38:26,692 --> 01:38:28,986 This percussive scene is like 1493 01:38:29,070 --> 01:38:30,863 the opening of under the skin, 1494 01:38:30,947 --> 01:38:32,907 the formation of an eye. 1495 01:38:32,990 --> 01:38:35,451 But then we dissolve to the seer. 1496 01:38:35,535 --> 01:38:38,579 It's a dog, her dog. 1497 01:38:40,665 --> 01:38:42,375 Woman: When lolabelle got old, 1498 01:38:42,458 --> 01:38:43,876 she went blind. 1499 01:38:46,003 --> 01:38:47,630 She wouldn't move. 1500 01:38:47,713 --> 01:38:49,507 She froze in place. 1501 01:38:51,050 --> 01:38:54,971 The only place she would run was on the edge of the ocean, 1502 01:38:55,054 --> 01:38:58,683 because she knew there would be nothing to run into there. 1503 01:39:02,603 --> 01:39:06,023 And so, she went running, full speed, 1504 01:39:06,107 --> 01:39:08,443 into total darkness. 1505 01:39:12,822 --> 01:39:15,199 Godard and Laurie Anderson wanted to try 1506 01:39:15,283 --> 01:39:21,247 to look at their films, their worlds, from new places. 1507 01:39:21,330 --> 01:39:24,792 In comparison, this looks more conventional. 1508 01:39:24,876 --> 01:39:26,794 I'm not in control. 1509 01:39:26,878 --> 01:39:28,504 I'm not in control. 1510 01:39:28,588 --> 01:39:30,923 Narrator: A young man, Stefan, 1511 01:39:31,007 --> 01:39:34,051 a fight with his dad, droning music. 1512 01:39:34,135 --> 01:39:36,012 Stefan gasps 1513 01:39:36,095 --> 01:39:37,805 agitated camerawork. 1514 01:39:37,889 --> 01:39:39,932 Stefan, stop it, ok? 1515 01:39:40,016 --> 01:39:43,311 Narrator: And then, the screen rises. 1516 01:39:43,394 --> 01:39:45,938 We, the viewer, are given an option. 1517 01:39:46,022 --> 01:39:48,983 Kill dad or back off. 1518 01:39:49,066 --> 01:39:51,944 Let's decide that we should kill his father, 1519 01:39:52,028 --> 01:39:54,030 to see what that feels like. 1520 01:39:54,113 --> 01:39:55,323 Get away from me. 1521 01:39:55,406 --> 01:39:58,743 Dad, just stay away from me. I'm not in control. 1522 01:39:58,826 --> 01:40:01,871 Narrator: That's because we're in control. 1523 01:40:01,954 --> 01:40:05,875 We have decided that he should kill his father. 1524 01:40:05,958 --> 01:40:07,335 - I'm not in control. - Stefan. 1525 01:40:07,418 --> 01:40:08,461 I'm not in control. 1526 01:40:16,886 --> 01:40:18,888 An earlier moment in the story. 1527 01:40:18,971 --> 01:40:22,433 A red room, like in a David lynch film. 1528 01:40:22,517 --> 01:40:26,062 Industrial sounds. Stefan as a boy. 1529 01:40:28,397 --> 01:40:30,733 And his mum, out of focus. 1530 01:40:30,816 --> 01:40:35,196 Earlier, we heard that she died in a train crash. 1531 01:40:35,279 --> 01:40:37,865 The young Stefan had delayed her, 1532 01:40:37,949 --> 01:40:41,035 which led to her death. 1533 01:40:41,118 --> 01:40:44,455 And then, we see our previous choices. 1534 01:40:44,539 --> 01:40:47,458 We can click and go back and change our choices. 1535 01:40:47,542 --> 01:40:50,878 Could Stefan go back and change this moment? 1536 01:40:50,962 --> 01:40:53,589 As she backs out of the cave, the red room, 1537 01:40:53,673 --> 01:40:57,468 another layer. The red room is a studio set 1538 01:40:57,552 --> 01:40:59,637 and we're behind a man. 1539 01:40:59,720 --> 01:41:01,722 Is it the writer, Charlie brooker? 1540 01:41:01,806 --> 01:41:05,476 But then, another cut to grown-up Stefan. 1541 01:41:05,560 --> 01:41:09,814 Watching the watcher watch his younger self 1542 01:41:09,897 --> 01:41:12,858 meet his mum. Our head spins. 1543 01:41:14,902 --> 01:41:16,237 Dad, what is this? 1544 01:41:16,320 --> 01:41:17,905 Narrator: In video games, 1545 01:41:17,989 --> 01:41:20,199 it's normal to make story choices, 1546 01:41:20,283 --> 01:41:24,829 but black mirror: Bandersnatch made them about trauma, 1547 01:41:24,912 --> 01:41:27,540 and was more cinematic. 1548 01:41:27,623 --> 01:41:30,710 As its story options multiplied, 1549 01:41:30,793 --> 01:41:34,213 we realised that the film wasn't taking us somewhere. 1550 01:41:34,297 --> 01:41:36,716 We were taking it somewhere... 1551 01:41:39,760 --> 01:41:42,305 To one of eight major endings, 1552 01:41:42,388 --> 01:41:45,766 some of which looped back like mobius strips. 1553 01:41:48,269 --> 01:41:52,273 At one point, Stefan thinks he's being manipulated 1554 01:41:52,356 --> 01:41:55,985 by a future organisation, called Netflix. 1555 01:41:57,236 --> 01:41:59,655 A film about forks in the road, 1556 01:41:59,739 --> 01:42:04,577 bandersnatch itself was a potential fork in the road 1557 01:42:04,660 --> 01:42:06,579 of movie history. 1558 01:42:11,709 --> 01:42:14,211 Skype, Facebook, streaming, 1559 01:42:14,295 --> 01:42:16,756 touch screens, swiping, on demand, 1560 01:42:16,839 --> 01:42:19,008 gopros giving a fish-eye view, 1561 01:42:19,091 --> 01:42:21,802 phones turning movie screens on their side, 1562 01:42:21,886 --> 01:42:23,804 3-d re-invented, 1563 01:42:23,888 --> 01:42:26,599 screens between us and the world. 1564 01:42:26,682 --> 01:42:30,770 Not since the invention of photography in the 18003, 1565 01:42:30,853 --> 01:42:36,275 had our old sense of what looking is taken such a hit. 1566 01:42:38,402 --> 01:42:41,364 And yet another technical innovation arrived, 1567 01:42:41,447 --> 01:42:44,158 another way in which cinema was reborn 1568 01:42:44,241 --> 01:42:46,952 or developed a new poetics. 1569 01:42:49,538 --> 01:42:53,000 The city of kuching in sarawak, Taiwan. 1570 01:42:53,084 --> 01:42:57,171 The great film-maker tsai ming-liang grew up here. 1571 01:42:57,254 --> 01:42:59,799 He was formed by this place, 1572 01:42:59,882 --> 01:43:03,344 by looking at it in his childhood. 1573 01:43:03,427 --> 01:43:06,055 As he walked to school, he could have looked up 1574 01:43:06,138 --> 01:43:08,974 at the sky, to the street, to his feet. 1575 01:43:18,150 --> 01:43:19,318 Or behind him, 1576 01:43:19,402 --> 01:43:21,320 or further around to his left. 1577 01:43:23,030 --> 01:43:26,283 He could turn his head anywhere, everywhere. 1578 01:43:26,367 --> 01:43:28,411 Such looking for tsai, 1579 01:43:28,494 --> 01:43:31,956 for all of us, is in all directions. 1580 01:43:32,039 --> 01:43:33,666 It has no frame. 1581 01:43:33,749 --> 01:43:36,419 But when tsai came to make cinema, 1582 01:43:36,502 --> 01:43:39,130 it, of course, always had a frame. 1583 01:43:39,213 --> 01:43:41,340 He was brilliant at framing. 1584 01:43:43,592 --> 01:43:45,219 Off balance... 1585 01:43:49,306 --> 01:43:51,308 As if we were looking through windows. 1586 01:43:52,810 --> 01:43:56,605 But what if cinema had no frame, no window? 1587 01:43:56,689 --> 01:43:59,734 Is that possible to imagine? Yes. 1588 01:44:01,819 --> 01:44:04,155 On the left here is director tsai, 1589 01:44:04,238 --> 01:44:07,950 and, on the far right, what looks like a black pumpkin. 1590 01:44:08,033 --> 01:44:10,077 It has lots of cameras in it 1591 01:44:10,161 --> 01:44:12,580 and films in all directions at once. 1592 01:44:12,663 --> 01:44:14,749 A vr camera. 1593 01:44:14,832 --> 01:44:18,377 Tsai used it to shoot a kind of ghost story 1594 01:44:18,461 --> 01:44:20,504 called the deserted 1595 01:44:20,588 --> 01:44:23,758 about this guy who's sick 1596 01:44:23,841 --> 01:44:26,969 and this woman who, across the room, 1597 01:44:27,052 --> 01:44:28,888 is cooking rice. 1598 01:44:28,971 --> 01:44:31,390 Rice simmers 1599 01:44:33,851 --> 01:44:37,188 put on a vr headset and turn your head, 1600 01:44:37,271 --> 01:44:40,649 and the image would turn from the guy to the mother. 1601 01:44:40,733 --> 01:44:43,402 You looked where you wanted, 1602 01:44:43,486 --> 01:44:46,405 a bit like tsai did when he went to school. 1603 01:44:48,282 --> 01:44:51,994 People have said that virtual reality isn't cinema, 1604 01:44:52,077 --> 01:44:55,247 that it's something else. But is that true? 1605 01:44:56,373 --> 01:44:58,209 Back to the joker for a moment. 1606 01:44:58,292 --> 01:45:02,671 Its film-makers chose this frame for one of its shots. 1607 01:45:04,256 --> 01:45:07,510 Wide, long lens, flat perspective. 1608 01:45:07,593 --> 01:45:10,721 We, the audience, had no say. 1609 01:45:12,139 --> 01:45:13,557 But vr is 1610 01:45:13,641 --> 01:45:17,770 more like this. You turn your head and look where you want. 1611 01:45:19,021 --> 01:45:22,107 Usually, film directing means filling 1612 01:45:22,191 --> 01:45:25,194 one frame, then, after it, another. 1613 01:45:26,737 --> 01:45:29,281 In the deserted and the best vr, 1614 01:45:29,365 --> 01:45:32,117 directors are filling many spaces 1615 01:45:32,201 --> 01:45:34,495 at many angles from the viewer. 1616 01:45:36,372 --> 01:45:38,958 It's still directing, but there's far more of it. 1617 01:45:42,378 --> 01:45:43,963 Since the birth of cinema, 1618 01:45:44,046 --> 01:45:46,465 by putting their camera close to the action, 1619 01:45:46,549 --> 01:45:48,884 many directors have tried 1620 01:45:48,968 --> 01:45:51,011 to make us feel as if we're there, 1621 01:45:51,095 --> 01:45:53,472 close to or even in the action. 1622 01:45:54,765 --> 01:45:57,852 Few movies in the story of film make us feel 1623 01:45:57,935 --> 01:46:00,437 that we're more there, more inside, 1624 01:46:00,521 --> 01:46:02,481 than tsai's the deserted. 1625 01:46:02,565 --> 01:46:05,526 It's a remarkable extension 1626 01:46:05,609 --> 01:46:09,029 of the founding impulse of the movies. 1627 01:46:12,658 --> 01:46:14,285 As we saw in part one, 1628 01:46:14,368 --> 01:46:18,038 documentary has been on a high in recent years. 1629 01:46:18,122 --> 01:46:21,375 Something better to come, the Pearl button, 1630 01:46:21,458 --> 01:46:23,878 reason and many other films built 1631 01:46:23,961 --> 01:46:28,924 on non-fiction cinematic traditions in bold ways. 1632 01:46:30,676 --> 01:46:34,847 But some docs seem to have been even more innovative. 1633 01:46:34,930 --> 01:46:37,057 This is the second shot 1634 01:46:37,141 --> 01:46:39,226 of Kirsten Johnson's film cameraperson. 1635 01:46:40,311 --> 01:46:43,939 We're in Missouri. She is filming. 1636 01:46:44,023 --> 01:46:46,400 She calls this movie a memoir, 1637 01:46:46,483 --> 01:46:48,861 but most of the shots are outtakes 1638 01:46:48,944 --> 01:46:52,031 from films she shot for other directors. 1639 01:46:52,114 --> 01:46:55,242 She almost never points the camera at herself. 1640 01:47:00,164 --> 01:47:02,458 Car approaches 1641 01:47:04,960 --> 01:47:06,754 a second car. 1642 01:47:17,389 --> 01:47:18,849 Then, this. 1643 01:47:18,933 --> 01:47:20,059 Kirsten gasps 1644 01:47:20,142 --> 01:47:22,311 we hear her gasp. 1645 01:47:23,604 --> 01:47:25,981 Thunderbolt cracks 1646 01:47:29,568 --> 01:47:32,571 the lighting is totally out of her control, 1647 01:47:32,655 --> 01:47:36,033 the submission of the doc film-maker. 1648 01:47:40,871 --> 01:47:42,164 Kirsten sneezes 1649 01:47:42,247 --> 01:47:44,500 then, something else out of her control. 1650 01:47:45,960 --> 01:47:49,713 She's telling her story using things that aren't her. 1651 01:47:49,797 --> 01:47:52,675 18 minutes later, we're in Afghanistan. 1652 01:47:52,758 --> 01:47:55,803 Cover this eye... Cover your hurt eye, 1653 01:47:55,886 --> 01:47:59,056 and look out and tell me what you can see. 1654 01:48:03,727 --> 01:48:05,729 Describe everything that you see. 1655 01:48:14,571 --> 01:48:18,659 A shot filmed to tell us how this boy sees, 1656 01:48:18,742 --> 01:48:20,911 but as a cameraperson, 1657 01:48:20,995 --> 01:48:24,415 Johnson closes one eye to look, too. 1658 01:48:25,916 --> 01:48:28,085 In this movie memoir, 1659 01:48:28,168 --> 01:48:31,547 he seems to be speaking for her, too. 1660 01:48:31,630 --> 01:48:34,717 A mutual ventriloquism. 1661 01:48:34,800 --> 01:48:39,096 In this eye, I can feel a little bit light. 1662 01:48:39,179 --> 01:48:42,057 And when I'm moving my... Oh, sorry. 1663 01:48:42,141 --> 01:48:44,476 Narrator: And talking of ventriloquism takes us 1664 01:48:44,560 --> 01:48:46,520 to a film about Indonesia. 1665 01:48:47,813 --> 01:48:50,399 In the mid-1960s in the country, 1666 01:48:50,482 --> 01:48:54,611 at least half a million people, accused of being communists, 1667 01:48:54,695 --> 01:48:57,906 were massacred by officials and gangs. 1668 01:48:59,450 --> 01:49:03,620 In 2014, Joshua Oppenheimer released this film 1669 01:49:03,704 --> 01:49:05,789 about the atrocity. 1670 01:49:07,291 --> 01:49:10,127 On the left, one of the murderers, 1671 01:49:10,210 --> 01:49:14,548 his daughter, beside him, unaware of his brutal crimes. 1672 01:49:14,631 --> 01:49:17,259 The brother of one of his victims. 1673 01:49:17,342 --> 01:49:20,471 The tension caught with two cameras. 1674 01:50:06,100 --> 01:50:08,727 Her face hiding her realisation. 1675 01:50:33,043 --> 01:50:36,130 His bravery and determination to confront. 1676 01:50:40,592 --> 01:50:43,387 The look of silence was a movie monument 1677 01:50:43,470 --> 01:50:44,513 to the victims. 1678 01:50:44,596 --> 01:50:47,224 But two years before it, 1679 01:50:47,307 --> 01:50:49,059 director Oppenheimer 1680 01:50:49,143 --> 01:50:51,645 and two co-directors, Christine cynn 1681 01:50:51,728 --> 01:50:54,815 and an anonymous person, made a film 1682 01:50:54,898 --> 01:50:56,900 about the opposite side, 1683 01:50:56,984 --> 01:50:59,403 about the killers themselves. 1684 01:50:59,486 --> 01:51:01,363 No ordinary film. 1685 01:51:04,241 --> 01:51:07,327 This killer, anwar Congo, demonstrates 1686 01:51:07,411 --> 01:51:10,372 with impunity and no remorse, 1687 01:51:10,455 --> 01:51:14,585 how he used wire to murder his victims. 1688 01:51:16,003 --> 01:51:18,005 Then comes the innovation, 1689 01:51:18,088 --> 01:51:20,591 the audacity, the controversy. 1690 01:51:20,674 --> 01:51:24,761 The film-makers asks anwar, who's a movie lover, 1691 01:51:24,845 --> 01:51:27,514 to recreate the massacres 1692 01:51:27,598 --> 01:51:29,892 on camera for a film. 1693 01:51:31,643 --> 01:51:34,980 Anwar watches the previous footage of himself. 1694 01:51:36,440 --> 01:51:40,402 We are appalled, but his reaction is different. 1695 01:52:23,528 --> 01:52:27,741 We were shocked at his crimes, and now, we're doubly so. 1696 01:52:30,118 --> 01:52:32,579 And then, we see the re-enactment. 1697 01:52:32,663 --> 01:52:34,539 Film noir lighting. 1698 01:52:34,623 --> 01:52:37,834 The killers are so enjoying being movie stars 1699 01:52:37,918 --> 01:52:39,628 that it doesn't dawn on them 1700 01:52:39,711 --> 01:52:42,547 what a kitsch confession this is, 1701 01:52:42,631 --> 01:52:45,217 how, 50 years later, 1702 01:52:45,300 --> 01:52:48,428 they're traducing their victims. 1703 01:52:48,512 --> 01:52:51,098 Call to prayer 1704 01:52:51,181 --> 01:52:54,559 and the film-makers - are they complicit? 1705 01:52:54,643 --> 01:52:58,230 Their camera assists with this masquerade, 1706 01:52:58,313 --> 01:53:00,357 this ventriloquism. 1707 01:53:00,440 --> 01:53:04,236 An innovative, ethical, high-wire act, 1708 01:53:04,319 --> 01:53:08,073 which seems to succeed in the end of the film, 1709 01:53:08,156 --> 01:53:10,284 as we watch anwar retch 1710 01:53:10,367 --> 01:53:14,955 at the realisation of the scale of his crimes. 1711 01:53:40,022 --> 01:53:42,190 Anwar retch es 1712 01:53:52,451 --> 01:53:55,078 Anwar continues to retch 1713 01:54:16,099 --> 01:54:18,310 Anwar spits 1714 01:54:41,917 --> 01:54:45,420 The two films so challenged those in power, 1715 01:54:45,504 --> 01:54:48,590 that many who worked on them didn't want to be named. 1716 01:54:53,470 --> 01:54:56,390 And one of the most challenging films of our times 1717 01:54:56,473 --> 01:54:59,309 also had people who didn't want to be named. 1718 01:54:59,393 --> 01:55:01,144 I want help. 1719 01:55:01,228 --> 01:55:03,980 I do, I want help. 1720 01:55:05,524 --> 01:55:07,526 Female voice-over: This is a film 1721 01:55:07,609 --> 01:55:09,361 about psychological warfare, 1722 01:55:09,444 --> 01:55:12,322 a specific type of warfare 1723 01:55:12,406 --> 01:55:15,951 designed to distract, misinform... 1724 01:55:18,537 --> 01:55:20,956 And anaesthetise the brain... 1725 01:55:21,039 --> 01:55:23,458 Narrator: Calm, female voice, 1726 01:55:23,542 --> 01:55:25,377 a mosaic of film clips - 1727 01:55:25,460 --> 01:55:28,171 documentary, news, fiction, etc. 1728 01:55:28,255 --> 01:55:30,674 Voice-over: And is used against every one of them. 1729 01:55:32,384 --> 01:55:33,760 Against them... 1730 01:55:36,012 --> 01:55:37,472 And against them. 1731 01:55:46,731 --> 01:55:50,110 The film was made in North Korea, as propaganda, 1732 01:55:50,193 --> 01:55:53,280 to show the citizens of that communist state 1733 01:55:53,363 --> 01:55:55,532 how Americans are brainwashed. 1734 01:55:55,615 --> 01:55:58,076 It was smuggled out of North Korea, 1735 01:55:58,160 --> 01:56:01,663 its didactic commentary translated and re-voiced 1736 01:56:01,746 --> 01:56:03,665 by an American woman. 1737 01:56:03,748 --> 01:56:05,852 Voice-over: Which is why propagandists call themselves 1738 01:56:05,876 --> 01:56:07,502 the public relations industry. 1739 01:56:07,586 --> 01:56:09,171 Narrator: We get to see the lies 1740 01:56:09,254 --> 01:56:11,089 that are told about the west, 1741 01:56:11,173 --> 01:56:14,176 and yet we are mesmerised. 1742 01:56:14,259 --> 01:56:18,805 The clips and arguments attacking western consumerism, 1743 01:56:18,889 --> 01:56:25,312 political banalities, hypocrisy and greed ring true. 1744 01:56:25,395 --> 01:56:28,273 What the film says about our obsession 1745 01:56:28,356 --> 01:56:32,444 with media, fashion, desire and PR, 1746 01:56:32,527 --> 01:56:34,446 strikes us. 1747 01:56:34,529 --> 01:56:39,868 The North Korean propagandists can see our society clearly. 1748 01:56:41,703 --> 01:56:45,832 But here's the shock, the reversal, the innovation. 1749 01:56:45,916 --> 01:56:49,628 The film wasn't made in North Korea 1750 01:56:49,711 --> 01:56:53,256 and wasn't smuggled out of that country. 1751 01:56:53,340 --> 01:56:56,801 It was written and directed by slavko martinov, 1752 01:56:56,885 --> 01:56:59,262 a New Zealander, 1753 01:56:59,346 --> 01:57:02,349 to make it seem like it was from North Korea. 1754 01:57:02,432 --> 01:57:06,061 So the female commentary that we hear... 1755 01:57:06,144 --> 01:57:09,064 Voice-over: Reading gossip magazines, 1756 01:57:09,147 --> 01:57:13,652 eating vast amounts of toxic food and shopping. 1757 01:57:13,735 --> 01:57:16,696 Narrator: ..Is a translation into English 1758 01:57:16,780 --> 01:57:18,907 of a Korean commentary 1759 01:57:18,990 --> 01:57:22,077 that is pretending to be state propaganda, 1760 01:57:22,160 --> 01:57:25,664 but which is, in fact, a disguised critique 1761 01:57:25,747 --> 01:57:29,834 of western culture, written by a first-time film-maker, 1762 01:57:29,918 --> 01:57:33,380 in secrecy, over a ten-year period. 1763 01:57:35,090 --> 01:57:39,261 As our heads spin with the layers and complexity of this, 1764 01:57:39,344 --> 01:57:44,140 we're troubled by the mirror it holds up to our faces. 1765 01:57:44,224 --> 01:57:47,936 Martinov's film was truth in disguise - 1766 01:57:48,019 --> 01:57:51,982 a drag doc, a cunning spectacle, 1767 01:57:52,065 --> 01:57:55,193 documentary, performed as something else. 1768 01:57:55,277 --> 01:57:57,362 Voice-over: ..Leading the resistance. 1769 01:57:57,445 --> 01:58:00,532 But when the situation seems to be getting out of hand, 1770 01:58:00,615 --> 01:58:03,660 the establishment ordered it to be stopped 1771 01:58:03,743 --> 01:58:06,246 and the propagandists moved quickly 1772 01:58:06,329 --> 01:58:09,165 to lead the young people away from dangerous protests, 1773 01:58:09,249 --> 01:58:12,460 into such fashionable protests. 1774 01:58:12,544 --> 01:58:15,755 Screaming 1775 01:58:22,846 --> 01:58:25,265 Madrid. An October morning. 1776 01:58:27,017 --> 01:58:30,020 Somewhere in this cemetery, Ana mariscal, 1777 01:58:30,103 --> 01:58:33,523 one of Spain's greatest movie stars, is buried. 1778 01:58:36,067 --> 01:58:38,403 There are no signs for her grave. 1779 01:58:38,486 --> 01:58:40,530 It's not easy to find. 1780 01:58:42,324 --> 01:58:45,827 Her brightness, her changes of mood, were reminders 1781 01:58:45,910 --> 01:58:50,165 that acting has always been cinema's raising agent... 1782 01:58:51,916 --> 01:58:54,836 And one of the hardest things to describe in film. 1783 01:58:56,087 --> 01:59:00,842 Has there been anything new in acting in recent years? Yes. 1784 01:59:03,303 --> 01:59:05,847 Way back in the 19303, 1785 01:59:05,930 --> 01:59:08,808 dancer-choreographer Marge champion was 1786 01:59:08,892 --> 01:59:11,394 a live-action model for the animators 1787 01:59:11,478 --> 01:59:13,730 of snow white and the seven dwarfs. 1788 01:59:13,813 --> 01:59:20,862 Her old-movie flow and grace stylised, clarified, idealised. 1789 01:59:20,945 --> 01:59:23,239 In the 21st century, 1790 01:59:23,323 --> 01:59:26,159 this turned into performance capture. 1791 01:59:27,619 --> 01:59:29,871 Straight-down-the-lens emotion. 1792 01:59:29,954 --> 01:59:33,208 Rage, a demand, a manifesto. 1793 01:59:33,291 --> 01:59:37,087 A better world will emerge 1794 01:59:37,170 --> 01:59:42,384 out of the blood and carnage of the past. 1795 01:59:44,135 --> 01:59:49,557 A world found upon faith and understanding. 1796 01:59:51,226 --> 01:59:54,521 Narrator: We know this isn't an actual ape speaking, 1797 01:59:54,604 --> 01:59:57,065 yet the illusion is complete. 1798 01:59:57,148 --> 01:59:59,609 There's no uncanny valley, 1799 01:59:59,693 --> 02:00:01,444 that creepy feeling we get 1800 02:00:01,528 --> 02:00:04,614 at something that's almost but not quite real. 1801 02:00:06,533 --> 02:00:08,410 We don't have to force ourselves 1802 02:00:08,493 --> 02:00:10,203 to suspend our disbelief. 1803 02:00:11,705 --> 02:00:14,374 The technology has become like a window, 1804 02:00:14,457 --> 02:00:16,459 transparent enough to reveal 1805 02:00:16,543 --> 02:00:19,838 the quality of the acting, the writing, the drama. 1806 02:00:21,381 --> 02:00:26,136 Actor Andy serkis had scores of dots on his face, 1807 02:00:26,219 --> 02:00:29,264 and infrared transmitters on his costume. 1808 02:00:29,347 --> 02:00:33,143 Cameras capture the movements of his facial muscles, 1809 02:00:33,226 --> 02:00:36,646 in themselves, and in the light from the right... 1810 02:00:36,730 --> 02:00:39,733 The carnage of the past. 1811 02:00:39,816 --> 02:00:43,486 Like a complex scaffold or a ct scan. 1812 02:00:43,570 --> 02:00:47,365 Technology that came from pre-cinema, 1813 02:00:47,449 --> 02:00:49,200 medical photography 1814 02:00:49,284 --> 02:00:51,202 and gaming. 1815 02:00:52,662 --> 02:00:54,247 In this demonstration, 1816 02:00:54,330 --> 02:00:58,168 it's like we can see danninian evolution in reverse. 1817 02:00:59,586 --> 02:01:03,339 The layers of skin, hair, wrinkles, sweat. 1818 02:01:03,423 --> 02:01:08,052 The composite is like stanislavski plus painting, 1819 02:01:08,136 --> 02:01:11,055 rotoscoping and Rembrandt. 1820 02:01:14,225 --> 02:01:17,771 The centre of the film world, the human face. 1821 02:01:42,962 --> 02:01:44,881 Inaudible 1822 02:01:46,049 --> 02:01:47,967 I'm a little concerned. 1823 02:01:48,051 --> 02:01:50,887 Narrator: In Martin scorsese's the irishman, 1824 02:01:50,970 --> 02:01:52,555 the story covers 1825 02:01:52,639 --> 02:01:56,851 a period from 1949 to 2000. 1826 02:01:56,935 --> 02:01:58,978 Here, Robert De Niro is playing frank sheeran, 1827 02:01:59,062 --> 02:02:01,689 a war veteran and hitman for the mob. 1828 02:02:01,773 --> 02:02:06,361 A simple diner scene, natural lighting, mid shots, 1829 02:02:06,444 --> 02:02:08,321 character and dialogue. 1830 02:02:08,404 --> 02:02:11,491 No Sci-Fi action or special effects. 1831 02:02:11,574 --> 02:02:14,911 Except that de niro was 75 when this was shot, 1832 02:02:14,994 --> 02:02:17,831 and the character is in his 403. 1833 02:02:17,914 --> 02:02:22,794 Scorsese filmed his actors in round-table scenes, 1834 02:02:22,877 --> 02:02:24,838 atmospherically lit. 1835 02:02:24,921 --> 02:02:28,508 He said of Robert De Niro and al Pacino and Joe pesci, 1836 02:02:28,591 --> 02:02:30,927 "I can't have them talking to each other 1837 02:02:31,010 --> 02:02:33,346 "with golf balls on their faces." 1838 02:02:33,429 --> 02:02:38,226 And so, his team devised this camera rig - 1839 02:02:38,309 --> 02:02:41,312 a central and two "witness" cameras. 1840 02:02:41,396 --> 02:02:44,691 They called it the "three-headed monster". 1841 02:02:44,774 --> 02:02:47,902 Simple dialogue and character scenes were filmed 1842 02:02:47,986 --> 02:02:51,364 with the amount of kit you'd use for an action film, 1843 02:02:51,447 --> 02:02:55,493 to capture the performances from many angles. 1844 02:02:55,577 --> 02:02:59,205 Some of the cameras also shot infrared, 1845 02:02:59,289 --> 02:03:03,084 removing the shadows, providing another layer of analysis 1846 02:03:03,167 --> 02:03:05,169 of de niro's face. 1847 02:03:05,253 --> 02:03:09,507 That famous face was scanned into medusa software 1848 02:03:09,591 --> 02:03:13,928 and thousands of images of younger de niro were analysed. 1849 02:03:15,346 --> 02:03:17,765 The result was a "digital human" 1850 02:03:17,849 --> 02:03:19,893 who looked completely undigital. 1851 02:03:19,976 --> 02:03:23,438 The performance capture, lighting acquisition, 1852 02:03:23,521 --> 02:03:25,315 physiognomy studies 1853 02:03:25,398 --> 02:03:29,152 and muscle movement simulation were invisible. 1854 02:03:29,235 --> 02:03:31,613 Lies to tell the truth, 1855 02:03:31,696 --> 02:03:33,698 the essence of the movies. 1856 02:03:35,074 --> 02:03:37,994 The planet of the apes movies and the irishman 1857 02:03:38,077 --> 02:03:41,039 made us think about authenticity in acting. 1858 02:03:41,122 --> 02:03:45,835 The performer and film-maker tilda swinton has often said 1859 02:03:45,919 --> 02:03:48,087 that the best performance in cinema 1860 02:03:48,171 --> 02:03:51,132 is the donkey in au hasard balthazar. 1861 02:03:51,215 --> 02:03:55,261 Affectless, uncomplaining, just there. 1862 02:04:00,099 --> 02:04:01,142 Stop! 1863 02:04:01,225 --> 02:04:05,271 If performances could be enhanced, simulated, 1864 02:04:05,355 --> 02:04:08,983 or moved back in time in our age, 1865 02:04:09,067 --> 02:04:11,194 where does that leave a scene like this? 1866 02:04:11,277 --> 02:04:15,281 A fiction film set in the Soviet union in the '603. 1867 02:04:16,741 --> 02:04:19,869 Neo-Nazis are beating up an American psychologist, 1868 02:04:19,953 --> 02:04:21,871 claiming that he's gay. 1869 02:04:21,955 --> 02:04:24,874 This is not a documentary, but the actors lived, 1870 02:04:24,958 --> 02:04:28,336 some say for years, on the vast set. 1871 02:04:30,380 --> 02:04:32,715 Many didn't break character. 1872 02:04:32,799 --> 02:04:36,594 14 films will be made of the result. 1873 02:04:36,678 --> 02:04:41,182 And the thugs here are played by at least one real Neo-Nazi. 1874 02:04:41,265 --> 02:04:46,270 He wasn't acting his rage, homophobia or anti-semitism. 1875 02:04:46,354 --> 02:04:48,731 Is this justifiable? 1876 02:04:48,815 --> 02:04:50,400 Are we back again 1877 02:04:50,483 --> 02:04:53,444 to Joshua Oppenheimer's the act of killing? 1878 02:04:57,448 --> 02:04:59,826 After such horrors, it's a relief 1879 02:04:59,909 --> 02:05:01,828 to turn to something gentler 1880 02:05:01,911 --> 02:05:04,414 and more inspiring. 1881 02:05:04,497 --> 02:05:07,667 One of the most innovative performances of our time 1882 02:05:07,750 --> 02:05:10,086 used no technology whatsoever. 1883 02:05:10,169 --> 02:05:13,673 Blue morning light. An old house in Ireland. 1884 02:05:13,756 --> 02:05:17,176 A band has come to record an experimental album. 1885 02:05:17,260 --> 02:05:19,887 The new keyboard player is talking 1886 02:05:19,971 --> 02:05:22,640 to the band's mysterious lead singer and guru, frank. 1887 02:05:22,724 --> 02:05:24,976 Frank: He has to convince him to lie completely still. 1888 02:05:25,059 --> 02:05:27,895 Narrator: The singer wears a papier—maché head. 1889 02:05:27,979 --> 02:05:32,358 Underneath it is the actor Michael fassbender, 1890 02:05:32,442 --> 02:05:35,820 but we won't see his face for 80 minutes, 1891 02:05:35,903 --> 02:05:38,322 only in the last section of the movie. 1892 02:05:40,033 --> 02:05:41,743 Can I ask you something? 1893 02:05:41,826 --> 02:05:43,828 Sure. 1894 02:05:43,911 --> 02:05:46,372 Why do you wear that? 1895 02:05:48,041 --> 02:05:49,250 You think it's weird? 1896 02:05:50,418 --> 02:05:51,586 Kind of. 1897 02:05:51,669 --> 02:05:54,672 Well, normal faces are weird, too, you know. 1898 02:05:56,299 --> 02:06:02,138 The way they're smooth, smooth, smooth, 1899 02:06:02,221 --> 02:06:06,726 and then, bleaurgh! You know, all bumpy and holes. 1900 02:06:06,809 --> 02:06:08,519 I mean, what are eyes like? 1901 02:06:08,603 --> 02:06:11,647 Like a science-fiction movie. Don't get me started on lips. 1902 02:06:11,731 --> 02:06:15,109 Narrator: As most movies are centred on actors, 1903 02:06:15,193 --> 02:06:16,944 their faces and eyes, 1904 02:06:17,028 --> 02:06:20,573 surely it would kill the film not to see fassbender's? 1905 02:06:20,656 --> 02:06:22,658 But it doesn't. 1906 02:06:22,742 --> 02:06:25,953 We quickly realise that frank is hiding. 1907 02:06:26,037 --> 02:06:29,165 Because of the radical use of the false head, 1908 02:06:29,248 --> 02:06:32,585 we feel that he's inward, capricious, 1909 02:06:32,668 --> 02:06:36,756 delicate, explosive and inventive. 1910 02:06:36,839 --> 02:06:40,134 We get to know so much about him. 1911 02:06:40,218 --> 02:06:43,012 - I write songs, too. - You write your own songs? 1912 02:06:43,096 --> 02:06:44,806 Narrator: Acting, not expressing. 1913 02:06:44,889 --> 02:06:46,933 I'd love to play some for you some time. 1914 02:06:47,016 --> 02:06:50,436 I'd really like that. Big, non-threatening grin. 1915 02:06:50,520 --> 02:06:52,688 Woman cries 1916 02:06:52,772 --> 02:06:56,109 the idea is pushed as far as it can go here. 1917 02:06:56,192 --> 02:06:59,320 Shouting and crying 1918 02:06:59,403 --> 02:07:01,864 the back of a man's head. 1919 02:07:01,948 --> 02:07:05,701 He's a Hungarian Jew in a Nazi gas chamber, 1920 02:07:05,785 --> 02:07:08,371 forced to gather possessions 1921 02:07:08,454 --> 02:07:11,707 and clean up after the exterminations. 1922 02:07:13,334 --> 02:07:16,420 The prisoners are forced into the chamber. 1923 02:07:16,504 --> 02:07:18,214 The clang of the door. 1924 02:07:18,297 --> 02:07:21,217 Door clangs shut 1925 02:07:21,300 --> 02:07:23,302 but the camera follows him. 1926 02:07:23,386 --> 02:07:26,597 Its square frame tracks him. 1927 02:07:26,681 --> 02:07:30,393 It can't, or won't, take its eyes off him. 1928 02:07:30,476 --> 02:07:33,271 It's like this for the whole film. 1929 02:07:33,354 --> 02:07:37,066 Surrounded by atrocity, his face is blank. 1930 02:07:37,150 --> 02:07:39,944 Banging and screaming 1931 02:07:41,154 --> 02:07:43,072 bangs, screams. 1932 02:07:43,156 --> 02:07:46,159 The sound comes from every direction... 1933 02:07:46,242 --> 02:07:48,077 Banging and screaming 1934 02:07:48,161 --> 02:07:50,913 but the image follows him, 1935 02:07:50,997 --> 02:07:55,001 like the TV camera follows the ball in a football match. 1936 02:07:55,084 --> 02:07:59,964 One of the most rigorous visual ideas in recent film. 1937 02:08:00,047 --> 02:08:03,050 Banging and screaming 1938 02:08:13,227 --> 02:08:15,062 We're getting to the end 1939 02:08:15,146 --> 02:08:17,106 of our story of film in recent years. 1940 02:08:17,190 --> 02:08:21,319 We started with a needy, damaged man, 1941 02:08:21,402 --> 02:08:23,279 a joker on steps, 1942 02:08:23,362 --> 02:08:26,908 and a Princess who turns things to ice. 1943 02:08:26,991 --> 02:08:30,953 The camera tracked each, followed each. 1944 02:08:31,037 --> 02:08:33,539 Maybe that's what cinema is - 1945 02:08:33,623 --> 02:08:38,461 a tracking device, following our lives, our stories. 1946 02:08:43,049 --> 02:08:46,636 Then, its eye is caught by something else. 1947 02:08:52,266 --> 02:08:55,603 And now, it follows the new thing, 1948 02:08:55,686 --> 02:08:57,980 like David Robert Mitchell's horror film. 1949 02:08:59,690 --> 02:09:02,360 As it follows us, as it tracks us, 1950 02:09:02,443 --> 02:09:04,570 what does cinema see? 1951 02:09:04,654 --> 02:09:08,991 What has it captured about our lives in the last generation? 1952 02:09:09,075 --> 02:09:13,204 The last section of our story will be about this - 1953 02:09:13,287 --> 02:09:17,833 who we are, how recent cinema has revealed us. 1954 02:09:20,628 --> 02:09:23,297 Let's start with the bad news. 1955 02:09:23,381 --> 02:09:25,716 Romanian director radu Jude's 1956 02:09:25,800 --> 02:09:28,844 I don't care if we go down in history as barbarians. 1957 02:09:28,928 --> 02:09:31,013 Screaming 1958 02:09:31,097 --> 02:09:33,182 Romania today. 1959 02:09:33,266 --> 02:09:36,185 A tracking shot around a burning barn. 1960 02:09:36,269 --> 02:09:38,562 A young theatre director is dramatising 1961 02:09:38,646 --> 02:09:41,524 an event from Romania's history - 1962 02:09:41,607 --> 02:09:46,529 the 1941 murder of at least 30,000 Jews 1963 02:09:46,612 --> 02:09:49,240 by Romanian and German soldiers. 1964 02:09:49,323 --> 02:09:52,660 Some of the Jewish people were burnt in barns like this. 1965 02:09:52,743 --> 02:09:56,622 The theatre director boldly restages the atrocity. 1966 02:09:56,706 --> 02:09:58,958 This is the theatre director. 1967 02:10:05,464 --> 02:10:09,176 Then, a speech by an actor playing ion antonescu, 1968 02:10:09,260 --> 02:10:12,054 Romania's prime minister during world war ii, 1969 02:10:12,138 --> 02:10:15,266 who was later convicted of war crimes. 1970 02:10:15,349 --> 02:10:19,729 The film's director, radu Jude, has the actor framed side on, 1971 02:10:19,812 --> 02:10:22,064 in front of the burning atrocity. 1972 02:10:31,324 --> 02:10:34,243 As this recreation is in a public space 1973 02:10:34,327 --> 02:10:37,580 in Romania today, the theatre director should have asked 1974 02:10:37,663 --> 02:10:40,916 for permission to stage this bit of her story, 1975 02:10:41,000 --> 02:10:42,585 but she didn't. 1976 02:10:42,668 --> 02:10:44,670 She thought she'd be refused. 1977 02:10:54,555 --> 02:10:56,182 Cut to the city's mayor, 1978 02:10:56,265 --> 02:10:58,517 looking uncomfortable, then defiant. 1979 02:11:00,227 --> 02:11:03,230 Then, close-up of the theatre director, 1980 02:11:03,314 --> 02:11:04,982 maybe surprised 1981 02:11:05,066 --> 02:11:08,361 that she's getting away with this very public accusation. 1982 02:11:19,080 --> 02:11:22,958 Wide, theatrical shot, then this. 1983 02:11:23,042 --> 02:11:26,879 Real citizens, ordinary people, not actors, 1984 02:11:26,962 --> 02:11:30,758 clapping and cheering the hate speech, the burning. 1985 02:11:32,551 --> 02:11:34,678 The lesson from history unlearnt. 1986 02:11:34,762 --> 02:11:37,473 Cheering and applause 1987 02:11:43,312 --> 02:11:46,232 People who don't seem to care about the crime, 1988 02:11:46,315 --> 02:11:48,609 the attempted genocide. 1989 02:11:48,692 --> 02:11:53,531 Radu Jude's play within a film within a semi-documentary 1990 02:11:53,614 --> 02:11:57,368 is exposing blistering anti-semitism. 1991 02:11:57,451 --> 02:12:00,454 A finger pointed at Europe today... 1992 02:12:03,749 --> 02:12:06,252 At something nasty in us. 1993 02:12:10,714 --> 02:12:12,842 And talking of us, 1994 02:12:12,925 --> 02:12:15,302 there was a film called us. 1995 02:12:15,386 --> 02:12:17,638 It pointed a finger, too. 1996 02:12:17,721 --> 02:12:20,683 Who pointed? We did. 1997 02:12:20,766 --> 02:12:23,018 Something inside us did. 1998 02:12:23,102 --> 02:12:24,687 Woman: Shit! 1999 02:12:24,770 --> 02:12:26,772 Man: We've lost power. 2000 02:12:26,856 --> 02:12:29,150 Narrator: A middle-class family on holiday. 2001 02:12:29,233 --> 02:12:31,902 A power cut. Night. Unease. 2002 02:12:31,986 --> 02:12:33,529 They shriek 2003 02:12:33,612 --> 02:12:34,989 Jesus! 2004 02:12:35,072 --> 02:12:37,408 Ok, we lost power. Go back to bed. 2005 02:12:37,491 --> 02:12:39,326 There's a family in our driveway. 2006 02:12:40,703 --> 02:12:43,164 There is not a family in our driveway. 2007 02:12:44,290 --> 02:12:47,543 Narrator: Four people stand, backlit, unspeaking. 2008 02:12:48,878 --> 02:12:51,005 Narrator: A family looks mammy 2009 02:12:52,298 --> 02:12:53,841 it is a family. 2010 02:12:53,924 --> 02:12:56,385 What, you're all scared of a family? 2011 02:12:56,469 --> 02:12:59,430 Narrator: And suddenly, the son's mask looks scary, 2012 02:12:59,513 --> 02:13:01,432 and the mum gets the threat. 2013 02:13:01,515 --> 02:13:03,392 - Uh-uh. - Hey, hey, hey. 2014 02:13:03,476 --> 02:13:05,186 Uh-uh. 2015 02:13:05,269 --> 02:13:06,479 What? 2016 02:13:06,562 --> 02:13:07,730 Zora, give me your phone. 2017 02:13:07,813 --> 02:13:09,148 - I'm not... - Zora! 2018 02:13:11,192 --> 02:13:12,568 Is there someone outside? 2019 02:13:12,651 --> 02:13:15,571 It's just a family, standing outside. 2020 02:13:15,654 --> 02:13:17,615 It's probably the neighbours. 2021 02:13:17,698 --> 02:13:19,700 Zora: You're kidding me, right? 2022 02:13:19,783 --> 02:13:21,785 Narrator: And then, the camera is tracking 2023 02:13:21,869 --> 02:13:24,205 around the dispute inside. 2024 02:13:24,288 --> 02:13:27,166 And what are those low, background, singing noises? 2025 02:13:27,249 --> 02:13:28,834 All right, sure, ok. 2026 02:13:28,918 --> 02:13:30,294 - Yes. - You know what? 2027 02:13:30,377 --> 02:13:31,754 - What? - I'm going to fix this. 2028 02:13:31,837 --> 02:13:34,131 - No, we don't. - I'm going to find out... 2029 02:13:34,215 --> 02:13:35,674 - What? - ..Who they are. 2030 02:13:35,758 --> 02:13:37,468 No, they haven't, but I know they will. 2031 02:13:37,551 --> 02:13:40,346 Everything's going to be fine. Calm down, ok. 2032 02:13:40,429 --> 02:13:42,556 - That's too long! - Oh, boy. 2033 02:13:42,640 --> 02:13:44,391 No, you don't understand. 2034 02:13:44,475 --> 02:13:47,978 How about we all just try to keep calm? 2035 02:13:48,062 --> 02:13:49,104 Gabe! 2036 02:13:49,188 --> 02:13:51,068 Keep our heads and everything will be all right. 2037 02:13:51,106 --> 02:13:52,691 Wait, wait, just one second. 2038 02:13:52,775 --> 02:13:53,943 Gabe! 2039 02:13:58,364 --> 02:13:59,949 Narrator: And swish back. 2040 02:14:01,408 --> 02:14:02,952 And then, dad approaches. 2041 02:14:03,035 --> 02:14:05,663 Dad: Trying to have a vacation and my whole family have lost 2042 02:14:05,746 --> 02:14:06,789 their goddamn minds. 2043 02:14:09,250 --> 02:14:10,543 Hi! 2044 02:14:10,626 --> 02:14:12,378 Can I help you? 2045 02:14:16,632 --> 02:14:18,968 Narrator: Gradually, it dawns on us 2046 02:14:19,051 --> 02:14:22,638 that the standing family is a shadow, the flipside 2047 02:14:22,721 --> 02:14:27,726 of the rich, happy family's satisfaction and comfort. 2048 02:14:27,810 --> 02:14:30,229 The shadow family is jungian. 2049 02:14:30,312 --> 02:14:33,190 They are creatures from the happy family's ID. 2050 02:14:33,274 --> 02:14:34,942 Put your shoes on. 2051 02:14:36,402 --> 02:14:37,987 Narrator: Bloodshed comes. 2052 02:14:38,070 --> 02:14:41,448 Writer-director Jordan peele brilliantly draws us 2053 02:14:41,532 --> 02:14:43,742 into a modern American world, 2054 02:14:43,826 --> 02:14:45,786 then holds up a mirror, 2055 02:14:45,869 --> 02:14:49,415 or makes us think of our shadow selves. 2056 02:14:52,960 --> 02:14:57,423 A recent film from Korea showed us our shadow selves. 2057 02:14:57,506 --> 02:14:58,966 A posh, modernist 2058 02:14:59,049 --> 02:15:00,926 family home in Korea. 2059 02:15:01,010 --> 02:15:03,554 A young teacher has arrived. 2060 02:15:03,637 --> 02:15:07,391 He's being shown around by the family's maid. 2061 02:15:07,474 --> 02:15:10,227 He is to teach the family's children. 2062 02:15:11,478 --> 02:15:13,397 The camera tracks. 2063 02:15:13,480 --> 02:15:15,608 It's like an architecture video. 2064 02:15:15,691 --> 02:15:17,943 Elite life. 2065 02:15:18,027 --> 02:15:20,821 But all is not what it seems. 2066 02:15:22,823 --> 02:15:25,534 The window in a cheap apartment in the same city. 2067 02:15:25,618 --> 02:15:27,411 Socks drying. 2068 02:15:27,494 --> 02:15:29,496 The window's at ground level, 2069 02:15:29,580 --> 02:15:32,416 which means that the apartment is underground. 2070 02:15:32,499 --> 02:15:36,378 As if to emphasise this, the camera descends. 2071 02:15:42,551 --> 02:15:44,928 And there's the teacher from the first clip. 2072 02:15:45,012 --> 02:15:47,389 But he's not a teacher. 2073 02:15:47,473 --> 02:15:51,518 His family is so poor that they have forged a document 2074 02:15:51,602 --> 02:15:54,063 to pretend that he can teach. 2075 02:16:04,156 --> 02:16:07,534 Cheap furniture, stuff stacked against walls. 2076 02:16:09,662 --> 02:16:12,790 Piles of clothes, cramped rooms. 2077 02:16:14,124 --> 02:16:18,128 This poor family is the shadow of the rich family. 2078 02:16:18,212 --> 02:16:20,547 It's like they're its underbelly, 2079 02:16:20,631 --> 02:16:22,841 Korea's underbelly. 2080 02:16:22,925 --> 02:16:26,220 And, as in Jordan peele's us, 2081 02:16:26,303 --> 02:16:29,139 they begin to invade the rich family. 2082 02:16:29,223 --> 02:16:31,558 And as the plot twists, 2083 02:16:31,642 --> 02:16:34,645 a more literal underground is revealed. 2084 02:16:34,728 --> 02:16:39,191 Another 21st-century film about social corrosion. 2085 02:16:40,734 --> 02:16:43,153 Architecture, chutzpah, resentment 2086 02:16:43,237 --> 02:16:45,114 and Hitchcock meshed 2087 02:16:45,197 --> 02:16:49,118 in director bong joon ho's playful accusation. 2088 02:16:56,750 --> 02:17:01,505 And here, in Tunisia, is an even more stark confrontation 2089 02:17:01,588 --> 02:17:03,882 between poor and rich. 2090 02:17:03,966 --> 02:17:06,844 A naked, grieving ex-soldier 2091 02:17:06,927 --> 02:17:12,141 who has run away from conflict, cities, buildings, clothing. 2092 02:17:12,224 --> 02:17:16,478 He has nothing left. He's gasping for air. 2093 02:17:16,562 --> 02:17:18,564 Man gasps 2094 02:17:28,615 --> 02:17:30,159 Then, this. 2095 02:17:30,242 --> 02:17:32,911 More than 50 minutes into the film, 2096 02:17:32,995 --> 02:17:35,622 we suddenly meet his opposite. 2097 02:17:35,706 --> 02:17:40,419 She's rich, clothed, groomed, sleek, bright, 2098 02:17:40,502 --> 02:17:42,755 in a pink upholstered chair. 2099 02:17:42,838 --> 02:17:47,843 But the camera pulls away from her perfection, her control. 2100 02:17:47,926 --> 02:17:49,887 Soon, they will meet. 2101 02:17:49,970 --> 02:17:52,181 Their lives will intertwine. 2102 02:17:52,264 --> 02:17:55,851 Those opposite identities will eclipse each other. 2103 02:18:03,025 --> 02:18:06,153 The Romanian film tracked us, accused us. 2104 02:18:06,236 --> 02:18:11,492 Us and parasite and tlamess were cinematic invasions. 2105 02:18:38,435 --> 02:18:42,564 Mati diop's atlantics is also about invasion, 2106 02:18:42,648 --> 02:18:45,818 also about something getting inside us. 2107 02:18:47,069 --> 02:18:49,530 It's set in Senegal. 2108 02:18:49,613 --> 02:18:53,617 It has a velvet texture, somnambulant. 2109 02:18:53,700 --> 02:18:56,495 Near the start of the story, 2110 02:18:56,578 --> 02:18:59,665 we see young people escaping unemployment, 2111 02:18:59,748 --> 02:19:02,209 leaving Senegal by sea, 2112 02:19:02,292 --> 02:19:04,962 heading for Spain, 2113 02:19:05,045 --> 02:19:07,840 hoping for a new life in Europe. 2114 02:19:09,341 --> 02:19:13,512 One of them is souleiman. He doesn't return. 2115 02:19:14,805 --> 02:19:16,557 This is a policeman. 2116 02:19:16,640 --> 02:19:20,769 He's possessed by souleiman, invaded by him. 2117 02:19:28,110 --> 02:19:31,196 The cop doesn't trust himself when he's possessed. 2118 02:19:39,997 --> 02:19:42,708 A touch of cinematic gothic. 2119 02:19:44,126 --> 02:19:47,087 A new way of looking at the migrant crisis, 2120 02:19:47,170 --> 02:19:50,090 wholly rooted in west Africa. 2121 02:19:53,844 --> 02:19:57,598 This gorgeous Irish animation had some similar ideas. 2122 02:19:59,850 --> 02:20:01,602 Dad, look! 2123 02:20:04,146 --> 02:20:06,607 A young girl drowned at sea, 2124 02:20:06,690 --> 02:20:10,611 but has now become a selkie, a seal. 2125 02:20:10,694 --> 02:20:12,821 A lovely possession. 2126 02:20:12,905 --> 02:20:16,199 She's central, transfigured, 2127 02:20:16,283 --> 02:20:19,161 in gorgeous shades of Amber. 2128 02:20:25,584 --> 02:20:28,587 The animated Irish girl had tragically died, 2129 02:20:28,670 --> 02:20:30,964 but the film has some optimism 2130 02:20:31,048 --> 02:20:34,426 because it imagines not so much an invasion, 2131 02:20:34,509 --> 02:20:36,887 but a transformation. 2132 02:20:36,970 --> 02:20:38,889 She is glowing. 2133 02:20:40,641 --> 02:20:43,310 No. No, please, wait. 2134 02:20:43,393 --> 02:20:47,064 Please don't. Please don't take her from us. 2135 02:20:54,863 --> 02:20:56,365 We are home. 2136 02:20:59,993 --> 02:21:02,996 Ryan coogler's black panther was glowing too. 2137 02:21:03,080 --> 02:21:04,790 Wakanda, 2138 02:21:04,873 --> 02:21:08,835 an ancient nation in the film's story. 2139 02:21:08,919 --> 02:21:10,921 Aerial shots like we've seen 2140 02:21:11,004 --> 02:21:13,715 in many conventional films about Africa, 2141 02:21:13,799 --> 02:21:18,679 but in these, a spaceship is waved at by sheep herders. 2142 02:21:18,762 --> 02:21:22,516 Pre and postmodern worlds in Harmony. 2143 02:21:32,109 --> 02:21:34,277 This never gets old. 2144 02:21:34,361 --> 02:21:35,737 Narrator: Then, this. 2145 02:21:38,323 --> 02:21:41,743 A digital interface, a curtain pulled back 2146 02:21:41,827 --> 02:21:45,414 to reveal a kind of Hong Kong, a mythic city, 2147 02:21:45,497 --> 02:21:47,666 afro-futuristic, 2148 02:21:47,749 --> 02:21:51,169 buildings with the hint of Mali architecture. 2149 02:21:56,967 --> 02:21:58,969 A euphoric challenge 2150 02:21:59,052 --> 02:22:02,055 to how outsiders usually see Africa, 2151 02:22:02,139 --> 02:22:05,350 as third world, underdeveloped. 2152 02:22:05,434 --> 02:22:09,104 Instead of the victim narrative of Africa, 2153 02:22:09,187 --> 02:22:12,941 here is a founding myth, a paradise lost. 2154 02:22:19,281 --> 02:22:22,242 This woman finds a paradise lost. 2155 02:22:22,325 --> 02:22:24,745 She looks different from other people. 2156 02:22:24,828 --> 02:22:29,332 She's never understood who she is or what she is. 2157 02:22:31,418 --> 02:22:33,503 Then, there's a fox at her window. 2158 02:22:38,341 --> 02:22:41,094 It's like she's looking at a movie screen 2159 02:22:41,178 --> 02:22:43,013 or a mirror. 2160 02:22:43,096 --> 02:22:45,474 She's been marginalised all her life, 2161 02:22:45,557 --> 02:22:48,393 and sees herself as a fox. 2162 02:22:58,070 --> 02:23:00,405 Woman laughs 2163 02:23:03,075 --> 02:23:05,619 the joy of that discovery. 2164 02:23:09,039 --> 02:23:12,334 Laughter 2165 02:23:12,417 --> 02:23:15,545 she meets a man who's like her 2166 02:23:15,629 --> 02:23:18,340 and their young hearts run free. 2167 02:23:18,423 --> 02:23:20,967 He's fox-like, too. 2168 02:23:21,051 --> 02:23:24,429 They don't need to pretend that they're like other people. 2169 02:23:24,513 --> 02:23:26,515 They plunge. 2170 02:23:26,598 --> 02:23:29,726 They laugh 2171 02:23:29,810 --> 02:23:32,562 woman shrieks joyfully 2172 02:23:32,646 --> 02:23:35,524 the lake seems to be steaming. 2173 02:23:39,778 --> 02:23:42,531 Ali abbasi's film has strong echoes 2174 02:23:42,614 --> 02:23:45,325 of this provocative beauty, freaks, 2175 02:23:45,408 --> 02:23:48,120 made more than 80 years earlier. 2176 02:23:48,203 --> 02:23:50,372 Music and singing 2177 02:23:51,832 --> 02:23:53,959 man plays harmonica 2178 02:23:54,042 --> 02:23:57,170 a forest dance. People shunned by society. 2179 02:23:57,254 --> 02:23:58,713 Dappled light. 2180 02:23:58,797 --> 02:24:01,091 They sing 2181 02:24:03,385 --> 02:24:06,012 but then, they run. 2182 02:24:06,096 --> 02:24:09,558 The conventional world is coming. 2183 02:24:09,641 --> 02:24:13,270 Man: Don't you know trespassing is the same as stealing? 2184 02:24:13,353 --> 02:24:16,022 Oh, I'm sorry, monsieur. 2185 02:24:17,399 --> 02:24:19,776 Is family a paradise lost, 2186 02:24:19,860 --> 02:24:22,112 especially after you leave it? 2187 02:24:23,572 --> 02:24:26,616 When we migrate, do we carry our families within us? 2188 02:24:30,787 --> 02:24:34,040 Lulu wang's film the farewell was about this. 2189 02:24:34,124 --> 02:24:36,585 Nai Nai, a family's matriarch, 2190 02:24:36,668 --> 02:24:38,920 is reading the result of her medical tests, 2191 02:24:39,004 --> 02:24:42,174 her family listening, lined up like a frieze. 2192 02:24:42,257 --> 02:24:44,259 They've doctored the results. 2193 02:24:44,342 --> 02:24:46,928 Nai Nai has a terminal illness. 2194 02:24:54,436 --> 02:24:56,813 Then, the family in slow motion. 2195 02:24:56,897 --> 02:24:59,774 In the middle, with long hair, granddaughter billi, 2196 02:24:59,858 --> 02:25:03,320 who lives 13,000km away in New York, 2197 02:25:03,403 --> 02:25:06,239 and hates the deception of Nai Nai. 2198 02:25:06,323 --> 02:25:10,827 To her right, with white hair, Nai Nai's sister, 2199 02:25:10,911 --> 02:25:15,248 whose husband has worked away from home for years. 2200 02:25:15,332 --> 02:25:19,586 To the left of billi, her cousin and his fiancee. 2201 02:25:21,713 --> 02:25:24,341 Nothing like a good wedding to bring people together, 2202 02:25:24,424 --> 02:25:28,637 to collapse distance, to put them all in the same frame. 2203 02:25:28,720 --> 02:25:31,932 The slow reservoir dogs walk. 2204 02:25:33,391 --> 02:25:34,893 But then, this. 2205 02:25:34,976 --> 02:25:37,395 Billi is isolated now. 2206 02:25:37,479 --> 02:25:39,397 She's talked to her uncle 2207 02:25:39,481 --> 02:25:41,608 about Chinese collective identity 2208 02:25:41,691 --> 02:25:43,985 versus American individualism. 2209 02:25:45,779 --> 02:25:50,367 Is her identity her own or part of the family web, 2210 02:25:50,450 --> 02:25:53,328 the family worldwide web? 2211 02:25:53,411 --> 02:25:56,665 Is it inside her or outside? 2212 02:26:23,024 --> 02:26:24,776 You could ask the same thing 2213 02:26:24,859 --> 02:26:28,613 of these children in Bosnia. 2214 02:26:28,697 --> 02:26:33,618 Their parents lived through war and ethnic cleansing. 2215 02:26:33,702 --> 02:26:36,162 The adults saw atrocities. 2216 02:26:36,246 --> 02:26:39,499 Will these kids inherit the trauma 2217 02:26:39,582 --> 02:26:41,626 or will they look ahead? 2218 02:26:41,710 --> 02:26:44,796 Are they closed or open? 2219 02:26:44,879 --> 02:26:47,299 Are their eyes wide shut? 2220 02:26:49,217 --> 02:26:51,678 Man speaks Japanese 2221 02:26:58,435 --> 02:27:00,520 A manual labourer father 2222 02:27:00,603 --> 02:27:04,107 and someone we presume to be his daughter, in Japan. 2223 02:27:12,866 --> 02:27:14,659 The camera pulls back. 2224 02:27:14,743 --> 02:27:16,202 They're enjoying the night, 2225 02:27:16,286 --> 02:27:18,705 the croquettes they've just shoplifted. 2226 02:27:18,788 --> 02:27:20,206 Then... 2227 02:27:29,591 --> 02:27:33,303 A lonely girl, glimpsed through a gap. 2228 02:27:43,730 --> 02:27:46,024 Then, the gap in reverse angle. 2229 02:27:55,283 --> 02:27:57,077 Then, this remarkable cut. 2230 02:27:57,160 --> 02:27:59,329 A house even more cluttered 2231 02:27:59,412 --> 02:28:02,165 than the poor family's house in parasite. 2232 02:28:07,379 --> 02:28:10,131 A shot that echoes a scene like this, 2233 02:28:10,215 --> 02:28:13,468 in Japanese director yasujiro ozu's film 2234 02:28:13,551 --> 02:28:15,512 early summer. 2235 02:28:17,597 --> 02:28:20,392 Long lens, flattened imagery, 2236 02:28:20,475 --> 02:28:22,685 a screen on the left. 2237 02:28:22,769 --> 02:28:27,482 A family composition, contained within squares and lines. 2238 02:28:27,565 --> 02:28:29,692 Woman speaks Japanese 2239 02:28:29,776 --> 02:28:32,404 man speaks Japanese 2240 02:28:32,487 --> 02:28:34,406 and there's the girl. 2241 02:28:34,489 --> 02:28:36,491 They've stolen her. 2242 02:28:36,574 --> 02:28:39,452 Why? Isn't that a crime? 2243 02:28:39,536 --> 02:28:41,621 A reverse angle, now, 2244 02:28:41,704 --> 02:28:43,415 even more cluttered. 2245 02:28:43,498 --> 02:28:45,959 The whole film is like a reverse angle. 2246 02:28:46,042 --> 02:28:49,212 It looks at family in a way 2247 02:28:49,295 --> 02:28:51,339 that's the reverse of what we'd expect. 2248 02:28:51,423 --> 02:28:54,676 They speak Japanese 2249 02:28:54,759 --> 02:28:57,345 we learn that a lot is not what it seems 2250 02:28:57,429 --> 02:29:00,181 in this cosy-looking family home. 2251 02:29:01,933 --> 02:29:03,893 We're looking at the heart of something, 2252 02:29:03,977 --> 02:29:06,146 a film with a heart, 2253 02:29:06,229 --> 02:29:09,065 a family with a strong identity, 2254 02:29:09,149 --> 02:29:13,820 but an identity based on stealing, on crime. 2255 02:29:13,903 --> 02:29:16,906 A family imagined, 2256 02:29:16,990 --> 02:29:20,201 a story of identity told. 2257 02:29:20,285 --> 02:29:22,579 Woman speaks Japanese 2258 02:29:30,044 --> 02:29:32,213 Another family imagined. 2259 02:29:32,297 --> 02:29:34,424 Another cramped apartment. 2260 02:29:38,928 --> 02:29:41,598 A Russian boy with behavioural problems. 2261 02:29:41,681 --> 02:29:45,018 His mother already has five kids, 2262 02:29:45,101 --> 02:29:47,854 but has now adopted him, her sixth. 2263 02:29:47,937 --> 02:29:50,231 Money is scarce, 2264 02:29:50,315 --> 02:29:52,525 but human contact isn't, 2265 02:29:52,609 --> 02:29:54,486 love isn't. 2266 02:29:54,569 --> 02:29:56,571 The camera, near the floor. 2267 02:30:02,076 --> 02:30:03,953 She cradles his feet. 2268 02:30:25,391 --> 02:30:28,186 And then, to her oldest daughter. 2269 02:30:40,698 --> 02:30:44,661 A good, loving family, like a cat's cradle. 2270 02:30:53,753 --> 02:30:55,463 Humming 2271 02:30:55,547 --> 02:30:58,925 another loving family, humming together. 2272 02:30:59,008 --> 02:31:02,554 Two hands, picking, a girl's and a man's, 2273 02:31:02,637 --> 02:31:04,973 as if they're the one person. 2274 02:31:05,056 --> 02:31:06,683 Tilt up. 2275 02:31:06,766 --> 02:31:09,727 They hum 2276 02:31:11,104 --> 02:31:14,023 they live in the forest, away from modern life, 2277 02:31:14,107 --> 02:31:16,150 this girl and her dad. 2278 02:31:17,610 --> 02:31:19,362 They're like fish in water. 2279 02:31:20,572 --> 02:31:21,990 Thank you. 2280 02:31:24,576 --> 02:31:25,952 Whittling. 2281 02:31:26,035 --> 02:31:28,997 Dad, this wood is really good for feathering. 2282 02:31:33,668 --> 02:31:35,545 That's really nice work. 2283 02:31:35,628 --> 02:31:37,714 Narrator: Working together. 2284 02:31:37,797 --> 02:31:39,549 They own little. 2285 02:31:39,632 --> 02:31:44,345 They survive in secret, but in Harmony, here in Oregon. 2286 02:31:46,306 --> 02:31:51,311 Soon, we learn that he fought in Iraq and has PTSD. 2287 02:31:54,022 --> 02:31:57,984 In trying to live this way, they are playing with fire. 2288 02:32:02,822 --> 02:32:05,575 Man blows gently 2289 02:32:05,658 --> 02:32:10,997 a film as generous and precise as a Dolly Parton song. 2290 02:32:21,758 --> 02:32:25,094 This section of our film, about who we are, 2291 02:32:25,178 --> 02:32:28,556 about how recent cinema has looked inside us, 2292 02:32:28,640 --> 02:32:30,600 began in Romania. 2293 02:32:30,683 --> 02:32:34,020 Then, we went to america, Korea, Africa, 2294 02:32:34,103 --> 02:32:36,105 Japan and Russia. 2295 02:32:36,189 --> 02:32:39,233 With each move, the picture lightened. 2296 02:32:39,317 --> 02:32:41,653 Optimism entered the frame. 2297 02:32:44,322 --> 02:32:48,743 Now, we're in Italy in a film set in the 1970s. 2298 02:32:50,203 --> 02:32:53,247 An old-fashioned farm, a thunderstorm. 2299 02:32:53,331 --> 02:32:58,461 A kindly young man, who always does what people ask, lazzaro, 2300 02:32:58,544 --> 02:33:01,422 stands in the rain, oblivious, 2301 02:33:01,506 --> 02:33:03,341 like the geese. 2302 02:33:03,424 --> 02:33:05,718 A panic to take in the corn. 2303 02:33:05,802 --> 02:33:10,473 We see the round edges of the image, like an old photo. 2304 02:33:12,016 --> 02:33:14,602 Two girls try to get lazzaro to shelter, 2305 02:33:14,686 --> 02:33:17,313 but he seems in another world. 2306 02:33:26,114 --> 02:33:28,366 Then, this remarkable scene. 2307 02:33:28,449 --> 02:33:32,412 Hands touch him, like he's sick or a Saint. 2308 02:33:32,495 --> 02:33:35,623 We've seen him bossed around, but he doesn't complain. 2309 02:33:36,874 --> 02:33:38,543 Woman speaks Italian 2310 02:33:40,086 --> 02:33:42,922 in Alice rohnnacher's film, 2311 02:33:43,005 --> 02:33:45,007 he's the goodness in people. 2312 02:33:45,091 --> 02:33:46,759 A timeless thing, 2313 02:33:46,843 --> 02:33:49,887 literally so, as we see later. 2314 02:33:51,389 --> 02:33:54,100 He's frank-blank, in a way, 2315 02:33:54,183 --> 02:33:56,436 but purer and less troubled 2316 02:33:56,519 --> 02:33:58,813 than Michael fassbender's character. 2317 02:33:58,896 --> 02:34:01,733 He's more like Terence stamp's character 2318 02:34:01,816 --> 02:34:04,026 in pier paolo pasolini's teorema - 2319 02:34:04,110 --> 02:34:06,529 a kind of visiting angel. 2320 02:34:16,164 --> 02:34:19,333 So, when we went to the movies in the last decade, 2321 02:34:19,417 --> 02:34:22,920 we saw that we were racist, haunted, 2322 02:34:23,004 --> 02:34:25,631 socially divided, mythic, 2323 02:34:25,715 --> 02:34:30,553 familial, inventive or angelic. 2324 02:34:30,636 --> 02:34:33,181 An upwards sliding scale. 2325 02:34:33,264 --> 02:34:36,225 Two more films took the question 2326 02:34:36,309 --> 02:34:39,562 of identity in cinema further still. 2327 02:34:41,814 --> 02:34:43,483 Firstly, this one. 2328 02:34:43,566 --> 02:34:46,694 A trans woman, Marina, in Chile. 2329 02:34:46,778 --> 02:34:48,654 Her lover has died. 2330 02:34:48,738 --> 02:34:52,158 Society his disrespected her, buffeted her, 2331 02:34:52,241 --> 02:34:56,662 blamed her. We track as she walks alone. 2332 02:34:56,746 --> 02:35:00,541 The wind of change seems to be getting stronger. 2333 02:35:00,625 --> 02:35:03,211 Music: Sposa son disprezzata by geminiano giacomelli 2334 02:35:06,380 --> 02:35:07,799 and then, this. 2335 02:35:10,259 --> 02:35:13,596 Is the world tilting on its axis? 2336 02:35:13,679 --> 02:35:17,266 Is her struggle invisibly becoming more uphill? 2337 02:35:21,270 --> 02:35:24,232 Cold light on her face now. 2338 02:35:24,315 --> 02:35:28,653 A painful film, which seems to be about her trans identity, 2339 02:35:28,736 --> 02:35:31,322 but is really about Chile's. 2340 02:35:33,574 --> 02:35:36,035 And Ava duvernay's documentary 2341 02:35:36,118 --> 02:35:39,413 about the 13th amendment to the American constitution, 2342 02:35:39,497 --> 02:35:42,667 talks about another type of transition. 2343 02:35:43,876 --> 02:35:46,337 She uses a montage of voices, 2344 02:35:46,420 --> 02:35:50,800 experts filmed in striking settings, to tell her story. 2345 02:35:50,883 --> 02:35:55,513 How black people in america were arrested, 2346 02:35:55,596 --> 02:35:57,682 and how they turned that 2347 02:35:57,765 --> 02:36:01,644 from a badge of shame into pride. 2348 02:36:01,727 --> 02:36:03,938 Man: I think that one of the most brilliant tactics 2349 02:36:04,021 --> 02:36:05,123 of the civil rights movement 2350 02:36:05,147 --> 02:36:07,650 was its transformation of the notion of criminality. 2351 02:36:07,733 --> 02:36:09,110 Because for the first time, 2352 02:36:09,193 --> 02:36:11,028 being arrested was a noble thing. 2353 02:36:13,197 --> 02:36:15,157 Being arrested by white people 2354 02:36:15,241 --> 02:36:16,868 was your worst nightmare. 2355 02:36:16,951 --> 02:36:19,704 Still is, for many African-Americans. 2356 02:36:19,787 --> 02:36:23,332 So what they did, they voluntarily defined a movement 2357 02:36:23,416 --> 02:36:26,210 around getting arrested. They turned it on its head. 2358 02:36:30,047 --> 02:36:32,008 Man: If you look at the history 2359 02:36:32,091 --> 02:36:34,969 of black people's various struggles in this country, 2360 02:36:35,052 --> 02:36:39,181 the connecting themes is the attempt to be understood 2361 02:36:39,265 --> 02:36:41,517 as full, complicated human beings. 2362 02:36:44,103 --> 02:36:47,273 We are something other than this visceral image 2363 02:36:47,356 --> 02:36:49,817 of criminality and menace and threat 2364 02:36:49,901 --> 02:36:51,861 to which people associate with us. 2365 02:36:51,944 --> 02:36:54,280 Shouting and barking 2366 02:37:06,792 --> 02:37:09,170 Duvernay's film showed what it's like 2367 02:37:09,253 --> 02:37:12,423 to be attacked, belittled, invisible. 2368 02:37:12,506 --> 02:37:17,094 The Indian film ship of theseus talked about disappearing 2369 02:37:17,178 --> 02:37:19,096 in a very different way. 2370 02:37:19,180 --> 02:37:22,850 A jain monk, in a theatrical beam of light. 2371 02:37:22,934 --> 02:37:24,769 He's dying. 2372 02:37:24,852 --> 02:37:29,231 He has liver cirrhosis, but refuses a transplant. 2373 02:37:29,315 --> 02:37:31,776 An acolyte visits. 2374 02:37:31,859 --> 02:37:33,819 Acolyte: I got you a gift. 2375 02:37:37,448 --> 02:37:38,824 Alphabets. 2376 02:37:38,908 --> 02:37:41,452 Narrator: In the first section of the film, 2377 02:37:41,535 --> 02:37:43,955 a young woman with eye disease 2378 02:37:44,038 --> 02:37:47,166 had been given an eye transplant. 2379 02:37:47,249 --> 02:37:51,796 The young guy in this section reads from the book, 2380 02:37:51,879 --> 02:37:53,464 and we begin to realise 2381 02:37:53,547 --> 02:37:57,593 that transplanting is the theme of the film. 2382 02:37:57,677 --> 02:38:01,597 The movie's title, ship of theseus, 2383 02:38:01,681 --> 02:38:04,475 refers to a thought experiment. 2384 02:38:04,558 --> 02:38:09,647 If, bit by bit, the timbers of an old ship are replaced, 2385 02:38:09,730 --> 02:38:13,359 until none of the original material remains, 2386 02:38:13,442 --> 02:38:16,278 is it still the same ship? 2387 02:38:16,362 --> 02:38:18,948 Or has it a new identity? 2388 02:38:26,205 --> 02:38:28,124 It gives me some kicks, though, 2389 02:38:28,207 --> 02:38:31,585 to know that a part of me was a part of an animal once. 2390 02:38:31,669 --> 02:38:36,048 A flame, a star, a part will become mineral, 2391 02:38:36,132 --> 02:38:39,218 grow in a plant, sprout in a fruit, get pecked by a bird. 2392 02:38:41,012 --> 02:38:45,182 Every atom of my body will be recycled by the universe. 2393 02:38:45,266 --> 02:38:48,394 You think you're a person, but you are a colony, 2394 02:38:48,477 --> 02:38:51,647 a microcosm, which has ten times more bacteria 2395 02:38:51,731 --> 02:38:54,316 in its body than does human cells. 2396 02:38:58,404 --> 02:39:01,365 Have we changed beyond recognition? 2397 02:39:03,451 --> 02:39:06,328 Did the emptiness that came in 2020, 2398 02:39:06,412 --> 02:39:09,540 the deserted streets, underpasses, airports, 2399 02:39:09,623 --> 02:39:11,625 change things? 2400 02:39:13,461 --> 02:39:16,297 We watched far more movies under lockdown. 2401 02:39:16,380 --> 02:39:18,382 More romcoms, more Netflix, 2402 02:39:18,466 --> 02:39:20,634 more tcm or Amazon prime, 2403 02:39:20,718 --> 02:39:23,012 or national broadcasters, or other streamers, 2404 02:39:23,095 --> 02:39:25,514 and more classic films we love. 2405 02:39:26,932 --> 02:39:29,351 And maybe some films that extended 2406 02:39:29,435 --> 02:39:31,604 the language of cinema, too. 2407 02:39:31,687 --> 02:39:34,231 And when public life returned, 2408 02:39:34,315 --> 02:39:36,901 we marched to the movies again. 2409 02:39:36,984 --> 02:39:40,112 We couldn't wait to see things bigger than life. 2410 02:39:40,196 --> 02:39:43,741 Shots and cuts, innovation and desire. 2411 02:39:46,077 --> 02:39:50,498 After wearing those face masks, cinema looked different. 2412 02:39:53,542 --> 02:39:57,546 Social distancing seemed to electrify space... 2413 02:40:01,258 --> 02:40:02,968 As if it was a tracking shot... 2414 02:40:05,513 --> 02:40:06,847 A travelling shot. 2415 02:40:16,899 --> 02:40:18,150 Like this one. 2416 02:40:23,364 --> 02:40:25,908 We tried to look at life anew, 2417 02:40:25,991 --> 02:40:28,244 in someone else's arms. 2418 02:40:28,327 --> 02:40:31,080 Movies helped us see again. 2419 02:40:31,163 --> 02:40:35,501 Cities, nights, movement, fleeting love. 2420 02:40:39,964 --> 02:40:42,383 We remembered the excitement of movies 2421 02:40:42,466 --> 02:40:44,593 from the last 13 decades... 2422 02:40:46,262 --> 02:40:48,097 In scenes like this. 2423 02:40:50,015 --> 02:40:52,893 Swing. A cartoon magazine frame. 2424 02:40:52,977 --> 02:40:55,271 Three characters from three worlds. 2425 02:40:55,354 --> 02:40:57,439 Spider-ham: Did that feel like a cartoon? 2426 02:40:57,523 --> 02:40:59,483 Spider-ham blows raspberry 2427 02:41:02,027 --> 02:41:06,699 a moment of slowness, manga, then acid colours. 2428 02:41:08,534 --> 02:41:10,744 They grunt 2429 02:41:10,828 --> 02:41:12,371 Gwen! 2430 02:41:12,454 --> 02:41:14,540 Narrator: Will the image peel apart? 2431 02:41:15,791 --> 02:41:20,129 Trains, buildings, cars. A New York City acid soup. 2432 02:41:21,547 --> 02:41:24,049 - I like your suit. - Thanks, I made it myself. 2433 02:41:24,133 --> 02:41:26,427 Then, a world of dots. 2434 02:41:26,510 --> 02:41:29,096 Inventiveness too fast to clock. 2435 02:41:31,932 --> 02:41:34,226 So we're swirled, spun. 2436 02:41:41,775 --> 02:41:43,944 Buckle up, guys. This is going to take a while. 2437 02:41:44,028 --> 02:41:46,280 Maniacal laughter 2438 02:41:46,363 --> 02:41:47,740 horn blares 2439 02:41:47,823 --> 02:41:50,951 all right, never mind. Let's end this thing. 2440 02:41:51,035 --> 02:41:53,746 Spider-man: Into the spider-verse 2441 02:41:53,829 --> 02:41:57,541 was cinema on the rinse cycle, the spin cycle. 2442 02:41:59,418 --> 02:42:01,837 But then, we come across a new cinema, 2443 02:42:01,921 --> 02:42:04,632 a cinema like this one in New York, 2444 02:42:04,715 --> 02:42:10,095 and we hope that the cultural pessimists are wrong. 2445 02:42:10,179 --> 02:42:12,932 Even when times are tough, 2446 02:42:13,015 --> 02:42:15,226 especially when times are tough, 2447 02:42:15,309 --> 02:42:18,354 we'll want to go into the spider-verse. 2448 02:42:20,731 --> 02:42:22,233 In the last decade, 2449 02:42:22,316 --> 02:42:24,818 the spider-verse, cinema, has grown. 2450 02:42:24,902 --> 02:42:27,029 More people are making movies, 2451 02:42:27,112 --> 02:42:30,449 more types of people, with more points of view. 2452 02:42:30,532 --> 02:42:33,118 These are our habitats, 2453 02:42:33,202 --> 02:42:35,663 we creatures of the dark. 2454 02:42:35,746 --> 02:42:39,166 These are the places where our lives are relit... 2455 02:42:41,043 --> 02:42:43,796 Where we see fantasy and feel fear... 2456 02:42:45,965 --> 02:42:48,425 Where we come across the movies. 2457 02:42:50,552 --> 02:42:52,513 Voyeurism, framed. 2458 02:42:58,602 --> 02:43:04,275 As in holy motors, cinema, the thing we love, is close by. 2459 02:43:04,358 --> 02:43:06,860 It's the room next door. 2460 02:43:06,944 --> 02:43:09,405 And in that room, it's Saturday, 2461 02:43:09,488 --> 02:43:11,282 always Saturday. 2462 02:43:17,621 --> 02:43:19,999 Cemetery of splendour again. 2463 02:43:20,082 --> 02:43:23,502 The soldier and the caring lady have just woken up. 2464 02:43:23,585 --> 02:43:25,838 The coloured light still glows. 2465 02:43:36,223 --> 02:43:38,017 And his breathing. 2466 02:43:47,901 --> 02:43:49,778 The light goes blue. 2467 02:44:12,176 --> 02:44:14,762 What have we been digging for? 2468 02:44:29,485 --> 02:44:31,195 What are they looking at? 2469 02:44:31,278 --> 02:44:33,030 How do they see the world? 2470 02:44:37,659 --> 02:44:41,455 They're the audience of the next decade, and the next. 2471 02:44:48,337 --> 02:44:50,756 And maybe the film-makers, too. 2472 02:45:25,624 --> 02:45:28,836 Music: Rebuild by Jordan gagne 171362

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