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YTS.MX
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At the end of the 18003,
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00:00:16,558 --> 00:00:19,520
a new art form flickered
into life.
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00:00:20,854 --> 00:00:23,899
It looked like our dreams.
6
00:00:23,982 --> 00:00:25,984
Movies are
a multi billion-dollar,
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00:00:26,068 --> 00:00:28,111
global entertainment industry
now.
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00:00:29,321 --> 00:00:33,450
But what drives them isn't
only box office or showbiz.
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00:00:33,534 --> 00:00:35,911
It's passion, innovation.
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00:00:35,994 --> 00:00:39,831
Stanley donen innovated when
he made singin' in the rain.
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00:00:40,916 --> 00:00:43,752
In New Zealand,
Jane campion made films
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00:00:43,835 --> 00:00:46,296
that were both modern
and gothic.
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00:00:46,380 --> 00:00:51,301
Kyoko kagawa was in perhaps
the greatest movie ever made.
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00:00:52,469 --> 00:00:56,265
Who are their equivalents
in the 21st century?
15
00:00:56,348 --> 00:00:58,433
Which films
are making history now?
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00:00:59,685 --> 00:01:03,814
Welcome to the story of film:
A new generation.
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00:01:05,732 --> 00:01:09,653
An epic tale of movie
innovation around the world.
18
00:01:14,908 --> 00:01:17,953
Music: Rock 'n' roll part 2
by Gary glitter
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00:01:19,413 --> 00:01:21,248
an angry man.
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00:01:22,833 --> 00:01:25,168
All his life, he's felt ignored.
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00:01:28,005 --> 00:01:30,924
But now, he's heading
to be on a TV show.
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00:01:31,008 --> 00:01:33,135
He's dressed like a joker,
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00:01:33,218 --> 00:01:34,970
a dangerous joker.
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00:01:35,053 --> 00:01:37,681
He's kicking, erupting.
25
00:01:37,764 --> 00:01:39,433
He's letting himself go.
26
00:01:42,811 --> 00:01:46,398
J' it's time to see
what I can do
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00:01:46,481 --> 00:01:49,943
I to test the limits
and break through
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00:01:50,027 --> 00:01:54,197
j“ no right, no wrong
no rules for me
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00:01:54,281 --> 00:01:57,618
I I'm free
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00:01:57,701 --> 00:02:01,496
j" let it go, let it go... I
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00:02:01,580 --> 00:02:03,165
an angry young queen.
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00:02:03,248 --> 00:02:07,294
All her life, she's tried
to hide her icy touch.
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00:02:07,377 --> 00:02:10,339
She can freeze the world
with that touch.
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00:02:10,422 --> 00:02:13,467
She's always hated that,
but no more.
35
00:02:13,550 --> 00:02:16,720
Widescreen, euphoric.
36
00:02:16,803 --> 00:02:19,806
"No right, no wrong,
no rules for me."
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00:02:19,890 --> 00:02:22,726
The joker could have sung this.
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00:02:24,770 --> 00:02:28,774
Two of the most watched
movie scenes of our times.
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00:02:28,857 --> 00:02:31,360
Both are about release.
40
00:02:31,443 --> 00:02:34,613
Frozen is a totem,
and it's for kids.
41
00:02:36,365 --> 00:02:39,743
Joker is a totem
for some adults.
42
00:02:41,119 --> 00:02:45,165
Two of these people travelled
from Brazil to here,
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00:02:45,248 --> 00:02:47,918
to the steps in the Bronx
in New York,
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00:02:48,001 --> 00:02:49,586
where the dance was filmed.
45
00:02:51,463 --> 00:02:55,092
Movies, it's clear,
still have power.
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00:02:55,175 --> 00:02:57,010
They still compel us.
47
00:03:00,555 --> 00:03:02,683
They still play us like a violin
48
00:03:05,769 --> 00:03:07,521
is that a surprise?
49
00:03:07,604 --> 00:03:11,566
So much else has happened in
our lives in this generation.
50
00:03:13,819 --> 00:03:16,571
No wonder we want
to slip the leash,
51
00:03:16,655 --> 00:03:20,784
to escape into the parallel
universe of the movies.
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00:03:28,125 --> 00:03:30,794
This is the new cinematheque
in Madrid.
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00:03:30,877 --> 00:03:34,798
The beauty of it.
A parallel universe indeed.
54
00:03:37,092 --> 00:03:40,011
Music: Magical awakening
by Paul mottram
55
00:03:43,265 --> 00:03:46,017
what was that universe,
the movie world, like
56
00:03:46,101 --> 00:03:47,519
in the last generation?
57
00:03:49,146 --> 00:03:51,898
What really mattered
in film-making?
58
00:03:55,235 --> 00:03:58,363
Screen out all the talk
of box office and oscars
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00:03:58,447 --> 00:04:01,032
and tabloid gossip
about stardom,
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00:04:01,116 --> 00:04:03,076
and what is left?
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00:04:03,160 --> 00:04:05,036
The medium.
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00:04:11,960 --> 00:04:13,545
Its luminosity...
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00:04:18,133 --> 00:04:19,676
Its shots...
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00:04:21,428 --> 00:04:24,431
Cuts, honesty and beauty.
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00:04:30,020 --> 00:04:33,523
What have we loved
in the new millennium of film?
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00:04:35,400 --> 00:04:36,651
And how?
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00:04:38,528 --> 00:04:40,405
We could tell our story
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00:04:40,489 --> 00:04:42,949
by looking at films
country by country,
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00:04:43,033 --> 00:04:46,453
but movies are good
at leaping boundaries.
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00:04:46,536 --> 00:04:49,456
Politicians are good
at telling us
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00:04:49,539 --> 00:04:51,708
that our country is unique,
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00:04:51,792 --> 00:04:55,879
but so many aspects
of the movies are country-less,
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00:04:55,962 --> 00:04:57,380
borderless,
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00:04:57,464 --> 00:04:59,508
so what follows
will be borderless.
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00:05:01,551 --> 00:05:05,388
When we watch a movie,
it's as if we fall asleep.
76
00:05:05,472 --> 00:05:07,182
The big sleep.
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00:05:16,024 --> 00:05:19,277
2018. A Finnish film.
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00:05:19,361 --> 00:05:22,948
A woman looks,
but then the image seems
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00:05:23,031 --> 00:05:25,826
to buckle, crack, melt,
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00:05:25,909 --> 00:05:28,328
and through the melting, a man.
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00:05:28,411 --> 00:05:29,871
And then, the woman again.
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Is this a bit like what
it feels to watch a film today?
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To melt into it, to dissolve
into the looks
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and glances on screen.
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00:05:52,352 --> 00:05:56,606
One of the best films
of our times seems to say that.
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00:05:56,690 --> 00:05:59,776
We're in a makeshift hospital
in Thailand.
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00:05:59,860 --> 00:06:01,945
Soldiers are sleeping.
88
00:06:02,028 --> 00:06:04,281
The doctors close the shutters
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00:06:04,364 --> 00:06:07,742
and it's like the lights
going down in a cinema.
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00:06:07,826 --> 00:06:11,413
And that tall, thin, blue light
that curves at the top,
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00:06:11,496 --> 00:06:14,249
it wasn't there before.
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00:06:15,625 --> 00:06:19,170
It seems to symbolise
the soldiers' deep sleep,
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00:06:19,254 --> 00:06:21,548
their dream lives.
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00:06:21,631 --> 00:06:24,885
A woman befriends
one of the soldiers
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00:06:24,968 --> 00:06:28,346
and then, here, in the distance,
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00:06:28,430 --> 00:06:31,266
we see her,
walking with her crutches,
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00:06:31,349 --> 00:06:34,311
and he has collapsed
or fallen asleep.
98
00:06:36,479 --> 00:06:38,565
And the camera pans...
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00:06:43,737 --> 00:06:47,866
And tilts, the very first
camera movements in the film.
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00:06:49,910 --> 00:06:52,579
And they go down
on the escalator,
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00:06:52,662 --> 00:06:55,790
down into his dreams and hers.
102
00:07:01,421 --> 00:07:03,924
The setting is
an ordinary shopping mall,
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00:07:04,007 --> 00:07:06,843
but director
apichatpong weerasethakul
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00:07:06,927 --> 00:07:11,765
finds dream states in everyday
places and moments.
105
00:07:20,398 --> 00:07:24,444
And then, this slow, melting
dissolve back to the hospital.
106
00:07:38,708 --> 00:07:41,419
And look how many coloured
lights there are now.
107
00:07:41,503 --> 00:07:44,589
It's like the whole film
falls asleep.
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00:07:47,050 --> 00:07:51,388
What happens when we dive down
into our unconscious lives,
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00:07:51,471 --> 00:07:54,057
as in cemetery of splendour?
110
00:07:55,266 --> 00:07:58,770
What happens when the lights
go down in a movie theatre?
111
00:08:02,983 --> 00:08:05,527
We leave our own world
for a while,
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00:08:05,610 --> 00:08:08,822
and cross over into the worlds
of other people.
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00:08:10,448 --> 00:08:13,118
Music: Magical awakening
by Paul mottram
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00:08:16,287 --> 00:08:19,457
the most innovative film-makers
have always wanted
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00:08:19,541 --> 00:08:22,377
to take us
into these other worlds.
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To hypnotise us, to seduce us,
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to jolt us.
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00:08:46,776 --> 00:08:48,486
And we who love the movies,
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00:08:48,570 --> 00:08:52,615
the deep dive,
don't we want to be hypnotised,
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00:08:52,699 --> 00:08:54,826
to be taken into the unknown?
121
00:09:01,374 --> 00:09:03,460
Men chatter
122
00:09:10,050 --> 00:09:12,177
A Tuesday evening in Cairo,
123
00:09:12,260 --> 00:09:14,804
setting up a shot
in the traditional way.
124
00:09:14,888 --> 00:09:17,974
Hands-on, labour intensive -
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00:09:18,058 --> 00:09:21,227
the way films have always
been made.
126
00:09:28,860 --> 00:09:32,822
Most filming follows
tried and trusted methods.
127
00:09:32,906 --> 00:09:34,199
They're scheduled
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00:09:34,282 --> 00:09:37,202
like many previous movies
have been scheduled.
129
00:09:37,285 --> 00:09:41,998
They're shot with similar
crews, aims and visual ideas.
130
00:09:42,082 --> 00:09:43,958
Nothing wrong with that.
131
00:09:44,042 --> 00:09:47,712
Many of our favourite films
followed the conventions.
132
00:09:49,464 --> 00:09:53,593
But our story here is about
the movies around the world
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00:09:53,676 --> 00:09:56,304
that pushed the conventions...
134
00:09:57,889 --> 00:10:01,226
That came up with brand-new
ways of doing things.
135
00:10:01,309 --> 00:10:05,271
They're the ones that renewed
the medium of film,
136
00:10:05,355 --> 00:10:09,192
that showed us things
we hadn't seen before.
137
00:10:11,069 --> 00:10:14,155
In part two of our story,
we'll look at how and why
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00:10:14,239 --> 00:10:18,409
films in the 21st century
have broken the rules.
139
00:10:23,331 --> 00:10:28,002
But first,
what films extended the rules?
140
00:10:28,086 --> 00:10:32,382
If you want to get crazy,
we can get crazy.
141
00:10:35,844 --> 00:10:37,137
Shrieking
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00:10:37,220 --> 00:10:40,557
what movies stretched
the cinema conventions
143
00:10:40,640 --> 00:10:42,600
like mozzarella?
144
00:10:42,684 --> 00:10:44,310
Shrieking
145
00:10:45,812 --> 00:10:47,564
comedies did so,
146
00:10:47,647 --> 00:10:49,315
as did action movies,
147
00:10:49,399 --> 00:10:53,903
and films about dance,
bodies, horror, slowness,
148
00:10:53,987 --> 00:10:55,780
politics
149
00:10:55,864 --> 00:10:57,824
and our dream lives.
150
00:10:57,907 --> 00:11:00,326
Let's look at comedies first.
151
00:11:00,410 --> 00:11:04,122
Which did new things
in the 21st century?
152
00:11:13,756 --> 00:11:16,801
One of the world's most famous
actors, aamir Khan,
153
00:11:16,885 --> 00:11:19,762
is playing an alien
from another planet.
154
00:11:19,846 --> 00:11:22,807
To get home, he needs
to hold people's hands.
155
00:11:22,891 --> 00:11:25,226
Very widescreen.
156
00:11:25,310 --> 00:11:28,229
The brightness, colours
and musical energy
157
00:11:28,313 --> 00:11:30,315
of a hindi film dance sequence.
158
00:11:30,398 --> 00:11:32,650
Man sings in hindi
159
00:11:32,734 --> 00:11:35,820
a crane shot,
like in old Hollywood.
160
00:11:39,449 --> 00:11:43,077
Khan wore green contact lenses
and didn't blink throughout.
161
00:11:43,161 --> 00:11:47,165
The fun of so-called bollywood
often comes
162
00:11:47,248 --> 00:11:48,958
from its choreography...
163
00:11:52,253 --> 00:11:54,047
Its world in unison.
164
00:11:54,130 --> 00:11:57,217
The alien is an innocent.
165
00:11:57,300 --> 00:12:02,639
He doesn't know what gender,
religion, nation or caste are.
166
00:12:02,722 --> 00:12:05,475
He's boyishly anti-sectarian,
167
00:12:05,558 --> 00:12:08,686
exactly what India needs.
168
00:12:08,770 --> 00:12:12,482
But then, over an hour later,
169
00:12:12,565 --> 00:12:17,153
in such a light-hearted
comedy, this.
170
00:12:17,237 --> 00:12:19,614
Loud explosions
171
00:12:22,992 --> 00:12:24,786
a terrorist attack,
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00:12:24,869 --> 00:12:28,498
one of the biggest tonal shifts
in contemporary cinema.
173
00:12:28,581 --> 00:12:30,750
Screaming
174
00:12:30,833 --> 00:12:32,377
electronic noises,
175
00:12:32,460 --> 00:12:37,048
as if the soundtrack itself
has been mangled by the blast.
176
00:12:37,131 --> 00:12:41,511
The combination makes pk
remarkable.
177
00:12:44,806 --> 00:12:47,392
It was one of the biggest
box office successes
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00:12:47,475 --> 00:12:49,769
in Indian film history,
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00:12:49,852 --> 00:12:51,145
which means that it had
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00:12:51,229 --> 00:12:53,773
one of the biggest audiences
of our times.
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00:12:53,856 --> 00:12:56,818
Singing in hindi
182
00:13:03,700 --> 00:13:05,868
Car horn blares
183
00:13:05,952 --> 00:13:08,871
hey, oh, oh!
184
00:13:08,955 --> 00:13:10,498
Oh, shit!
185
00:13:11,958 --> 00:13:15,461
Two teenage girls,
their own body-popping world,
186
00:13:15,545 --> 00:13:18,172
riffing off each other,
like the Marx brothers.
187
00:13:18,256 --> 00:13:21,426
J” yeah, we know it, keep going
188
00:13:21,509 --> 00:13:23,594
j' I came straight off the stage
of glasto... j'
189
00:13:23,678 --> 00:13:25,263
- what?
- What?
190
00:13:25,346 --> 00:13:27,557
Excuse me. Oh, oh.
191
00:13:27,640 --> 00:13:29,559
What? What?
192
00:13:29,642 --> 00:13:31,894
- Missed ya.
- I missed you.
193
00:13:31,978 --> 00:13:34,272
- I missed you so much.
- It's been one night.
194
00:13:36,733 --> 00:13:40,570
- Are we gonna go to school or?
- No. I don't think we are.
195
00:13:40,653 --> 00:13:43,448
No, we're just gonna stay? Here.
196
00:13:43,531 --> 00:13:45,074
J' I don't wanna stress ya out
197
00:13:45,158 --> 00:13:47,660
j“ I just wanna tell ya
the truth
198
00:13:47,744 --> 00:13:49,954
j' motherfuckers try
to tear us apart... j'
199
00:13:50,038 --> 00:13:51,414
ajump cut.
200
00:13:51,497 --> 00:13:53,791
The whole film feels
like a jump cut.
201
00:13:53,875 --> 00:13:57,003
I my revolution ain't
me lovin' you... j”
202
00:13:57,086 --> 00:13:59,172
so full of verve.
203
00:14:00,506 --> 00:14:02,300
School life ignores them.
204
00:14:02,383 --> 00:14:03,801
Jump cut again.
205
00:14:03,885 --> 00:14:05,595
It's like they're invisible.
206
00:14:05,678 --> 00:14:07,180
I swear to god.
207
00:14:07,263 --> 00:14:10,892
Are you kidding me! Samantha!
208
00:14:10,975 --> 00:14:12,685
Where was this energy
209
00:14:12,769 --> 00:14:14,645
at my inauguration assembly,
folks?
210
00:14:14,729 --> 00:14:15,772
True.
211
00:14:15,855 --> 00:14:18,441
Narrator: They're brainy
and bookish,
212
00:14:18,524 --> 00:14:21,486
whereas everyone else seems
to be partying.
213
00:14:21,569 --> 00:14:25,406
It's similar to the funny,
private body language
214
00:14:25,490 --> 00:14:27,575
the girls had in grease.
215
00:14:27,658 --> 00:14:29,827
J” ipana
with a brand-new flavour
216
00:14:29,911 --> 00:14:31,579
j' it's dandy for your teeth
217
00:14:31,662 --> 00:14:32,872
j" brush-a, brush-a, brush-a
218
00:14:32,955 --> 00:14:34,582
j” new ipana toothpaste
219
00:14:34,665 --> 00:14:36,084
j” brush-a, brush-a
brush-a... j”
220
00:14:36,167 --> 00:14:37,668
j” baby, please... j”
221
00:14:37,752 --> 00:14:40,046
but grease was nostalgic.
222
00:14:40,129 --> 00:14:43,132
Booksmart is
effortlessly modern...
223
00:14:43,216 --> 00:14:44,675
Oh, sorry, sorry.
224
00:14:44,759 --> 00:14:46,135
About sexuality.
225
00:14:46,219 --> 00:14:48,805
- Here.
- Sharp elbows.
226
00:14:48,888 --> 00:14:50,973
Not as sharp as your... chin.
227
00:14:51,057 --> 00:14:52,100
What?
228
00:14:52,183 --> 00:14:55,603
Um, so isn't it crazy
that it's the last day?
229
00:14:55,686 --> 00:14:57,271
I know, I can barely believe it.
230
00:14:57,355 --> 00:14:59,065
Are you going to come
to Nick's tonight?
231
00:14:59,148 --> 00:15:01,234
His aunt went on a cruise ship
that broke down,
232
00:15:01,317 --> 00:15:03,069
so Nick's throwing a party
at her house.
233
00:15:03,152 --> 00:15:04,362
That's awesome.
234
00:15:04,445 --> 00:15:06,155
It's all right.
235
00:15:06,239 --> 00:15:08,074
They're... you know,
they're stuck on a boat,
236
00:15:08,157 --> 00:15:09,283
shitting in buckets.
237
00:15:09,367 --> 00:15:10,660
That's not really what I meant.
238
00:15:10,743 --> 00:15:12,495
Narrator: Life keeps
cutting through it.
239
00:15:12,578 --> 00:15:14,080
All right, well...
240
00:15:14,163 --> 00:15:16,332
All right, I'll see you later.
241
00:15:16,416 --> 00:15:19,043
I'll just, um... fuck!
242
00:15:19,127 --> 00:15:21,879
Narrator: The girls' chat
shows how smart they are.
243
00:15:21,963 --> 00:15:24,632
That was bad. I don't even know
if she's into girls.
244
00:15:24,715 --> 00:15:26,300
She wore a Polo shirt to prom.
245
00:15:26,384 --> 00:15:28,719
Well, that's just
her gender performance.
246
00:15:28,803 --> 00:15:30,721
It's different
from her sexual orientation.
247
00:15:30,805 --> 00:15:33,266
- I'm sorry, but I don't get it.
- Well, gender is...
248
00:15:33,349 --> 00:15:35,852
No, thank you,
that much I understand.
249
00:15:35,935 --> 00:15:37,979
It's just?
It's a little bit shocking
250
00:15:38,062 --> 00:15:39,689
that, that you're into Ryan.
251
00:15:39,772 --> 00:15:42,150
First crush, the little
white cat from the aristocats.
252
00:15:42,233 --> 00:15:44,444
You go from that
to avril lavigne.
253
00:15:44,527 --> 00:15:46,612
It's just, it's not?
It's not what I anticipated.
254
00:15:46,696 --> 00:15:49,490
Narrator: But they live life
in theory.
255
00:15:49,574 --> 00:15:51,868
It's time for them to party.
256
00:15:53,411 --> 00:15:56,581
The quick beauty and energy
of the insights.
257
00:15:56,664 --> 00:16:00,418
A film that extends
the world of film comedy.
258
00:16:01,919 --> 00:16:05,673
Deadpool was just as fast,
as diamond-sharp,
259
00:16:05,756 --> 00:16:08,259
even its opening titles.
260
00:16:08,342 --> 00:16:12,763
A superhero movie usually has
bombastic music,
261
00:16:12,847 --> 00:16:16,893
but here the song is camp
and macho-mockery.
262
00:16:16,976 --> 00:16:19,437
A slow-mo, corkscrewing,
pull-out.
263
00:16:19,520 --> 00:16:23,649
And the credits.
"Some douchebag's film."
264
00:16:25,151 --> 00:16:26,861
"God's perfect idiot."
265
00:16:26,944 --> 00:16:29,405
Music: Angel of the morning
by juice Newton
266
00:16:29,489 --> 00:16:32,617
j” if morning's echo says... j”
267
00:16:32,700 --> 00:16:34,243
"a hot chick."
268
00:16:34,327 --> 00:16:36,037
The clichés fall like dominoes.
269
00:16:39,957 --> 00:16:43,628
The shot is bravura but disses
the lust for violence...
270
00:16:43,711 --> 00:16:48,299
J” and if we're victims
of the night
271
00:16:48,382 --> 00:16:51,511
j” I won't be blinded
by the light... j”
272
00:16:51,594 --> 00:16:53,638
and for sexual norms.
273
00:16:55,181 --> 00:16:57,433
J” just call me angel... j”
274
00:16:57,517 --> 00:16:59,936
a head in the ass of deadpool.
275
00:17:00,019 --> 00:17:03,064
A funny cgi vortex.
276
00:17:03,147 --> 00:17:07,360
J” before you leave me
baby... j”
277
00:17:07,443 --> 00:17:10,905
deadpool holds on
to the knickers of a villain.
278
00:17:10,988 --> 00:17:14,408
Queerness sprinkled
like chilli flakes.
279
00:17:14,492 --> 00:17:18,871
The language of superhero
comedy extended.
280
00:17:18,955 --> 00:17:22,291
J” just call me angel
281
00:17:22,375 --> 00:17:25,836
j” I'm a guarding angel... j”
282
00:17:25,920 --> 00:17:29,257
the Ugandan comedy crazy world
283
00:17:29,340 --> 00:17:32,176
also had a lot of fun
with its opening sequence.
284
00:17:36,180 --> 00:17:39,642
An actor playing
a copyright cop.
285
00:17:45,565 --> 00:17:48,442
Mocking Hollywood's
piracy controls.
286
00:17:58,953 --> 00:18:02,415
A big budget for tracking
shots, or fancy costumes?
287
00:18:02,498 --> 00:18:05,835
Not necessary
when your imagination is
288
00:18:05,918 --> 00:18:08,129
as playful as this.
289
00:18:11,299 --> 00:18:14,218
Church organ plays
290
00:18:14,302 --> 00:18:17,221
the least expected comedy
of our times came
291
00:18:17,305 --> 00:18:20,683
from one of the most serious
film-makers of our times,
292
00:18:20,766 --> 00:18:22,476
Bruno dumont.
293
00:18:24,020 --> 00:18:25,938
We're in the north of France,
294
00:18:26,022 --> 00:18:28,691
the funeral of a local
who's been murdered.
295
00:18:31,569 --> 00:18:33,237
We expect solemnity.
296
00:18:34,614 --> 00:18:36,824
Static feedback
297
00:18:39,702 --> 00:18:42,830
but we get an organist
in a world of his own...
298
00:18:45,207 --> 00:18:47,209
Static feedback
299
00:18:51,881 --> 00:18:54,050
clueless priests who think
300
00:18:54,133 --> 00:18:56,010
they control their flock,
but don't...
301
00:19:07,647 --> 00:19:10,941
Incense, which is supposed
to be spiritual,
302
00:19:11,025 --> 00:19:12,985
but just makes you cough.
303
00:19:17,073 --> 00:19:21,577
Widescreen realism at
the behest of a lovely anarchy.
304
00:19:25,247 --> 00:19:27,041
Chers amis...
305
00:19:48,479 --> 00:19:50,231
Car horns blare
306
00:19:52,108 --> 00:19:55,444
from comedy to the some of
the most striking action films
307
00:19:55,528 --> 00:19:57,988
of our times.
308
00:19:58,072 --> 00:19:59,865
No surprise that India,
309
00:19:59,949 --> 00:20:02,201
one of the most populated
countries in the world,
310
00:20:02,284 --> 00:20:04,203
one of the most
visually complicated,
311
00:20:04,286 --> 00:20:06,914
continued to excel at action.
312
00:20:08,541 --> 00:20:11,669
The gangs of wasseypur is
five hours long
313
00:20:11,752 --> 00:20:13,671
and covers five decades
314
00:20:13,754 --> 00:20:15,840
in the lives of Indian gangsters
315
00:20:15,923 --> 00:20:17,925
who fight over coal mining.
316
00:20:18,008 --> 00:20:20,594
This is the end of part one.
317
00:20:20,678 --> 00:20:22,471
The sound fades.
318
00:20:22,555 --> 00:20:25,224
Shouting fades
319
00:20:29,937 --> 00:20:31,564
then, silence.
320
00:20:31,647 --> 00:20:35,568
Sardar, who's been trying
to avenge his father's murder,
321
00:20:35,651 --> 00:20:37,820
is bloodied and beaten.
322
00:20:43,617 --> 00:20:46,203
He's dazed, dying.
323
00:20:49,457 --> 00:20:53,335
If this was a Francis Ford
coppola gangster film,
324
00:20:53,419 --> 00:20:55,713
opera music might play.
325
00:20:55,796 --> 00:20:57,339
But here...
326
00:20:57,423 --> 00:21:01,177
Music: Jiya tu by Manoj tiwari
327
00:21:01,260 --> 00:21:05,055
the music seems like it's
from a hip Mumbai nightclub.
328
00:21:07,516 --> 00:21:11,520
Music: Jiya tu by Manoj tiwari
329
00:21:14,023 --> 00:21:16,484
and then, astonishing lines.
330
00:21:27,912 --> 00:21:30,956
A tragic scene
that mocks the tragedy.
331
00:21:35,294 --> 00:21:37,588
Sardar's on a cart now.
332
00:21:37,671 --> 00:21:40,007
The cart will take away
his body...
333
00:21:41,133 --> 00:21:42,551
And then his gun.
334
00:21:42,635 --> 00:21:43,969
Gunshot
335
00:21:44,053 --> 00:21:46,639
80 years after
the first gangster pictures,
336
00:21:46,722 --> 00:21:50,643
the gangs of wasseypur
was one of the most complex.
337
00:21:56,106 --> 00:21:58,692
Equally inventive was this scene
338
00:21:58,776 --> 00:22:01,487
from prolific Hong Kong
director Johnnie to.
339
00:22:01,570 --> 00:22:03,197
Long lenses.
340
00:22:03,280 --> 00:22:07,952
A most 21st-century location -
a recycling site.
341
00:22:10,037 --> 00:22:13,290
Bales of paper,
rolling like tumbleweed.
342
00:22:13,374 --> 00:22:16,836
But then, we see that
it's triads doing the rolling.
343
00:22:16,919 --> 00:22:21,549
Gunmen push bales of paper
towards their adversaries,
344
00:22:21,632 --> 00:22:24,552
hiding behind them as they do.
345
00:22:24,635 --> 00:22:28,055
The bales look like
Van gogh haystacks,
346
00:22:28,138 --> 00:22:30,516
but the scene is visually new.
347
00:22:30,599 --> 00:22:34,186
This wide shot of the plant,
the vista.
348
00:22:36,730 --> 00:22:39,567
Paper in the air, like seagulls.
349
00:22:39,650 --> 00:22:41,735
It's like a kurosawa film.
350
00:22:41,819 --> 00:22:44,905
And then, the shooting starts.
351
00:22:44,989 --> 00:22:46,657
Slow-mo.
352
00:22:46,740 --> 00:22:48,909
Gunfire
353
00:22:50,661 --> 00:22:53,372
genre thinking
354
00:22:53,455 --> 00:22:56,542
which extended the existing
language of the movies.
355
00:23:02,089 --> 00:23:05,759
In zama, Argentina's
lucrecia martel had
356
00:23:05,843 --> 00:23:08,929
an even less expected
action sequence.
357
00:23:09,013 --> 00:23:11,682
17th-century Argentina,
358
00:23:11,765 --> 00:23:15,769
Spanish colonisers, surrounded
on a Savannah plane.
359
00:23:20,149 --> 00:23:22,985
Indigenous tribesmen,
painted orange.
360
00:23:26,780 --> 00:23:28,282
Horse whinnies
361
00:23:28,365 --> 00:23:30,826
a rider comes towards them.
362
00:23:30,910 --> 00:23:32,703
Two of the Spanish turn.
363
00:23:32,786 --> 00:23:34,997
A third is felled.
364
00:23:35,080 --> 00:23:37,750
Shouting
365
00:23:37,833 --> 00:23:39,919
then, a horse through the shot.
366
00:23:40,002 --> 00:23:42,421
No action sound, no blood.
367
00:23:42,504 --> 00:23:44,798
Behind a tree,
then from the back.
368
00:23:47,343 --> 00:23:50,846
Down and up,
all parts of the frame used.
369
00:23:50,930 --> 00:23:53,724
Such complex staging.
370
00:23:53,807 --> 00:23:57,144
And this background guy,
standing, out of focus.
371
00:23:57,227 --> 00:23:59,980
More great visual thinking.
372
00:24:01,523 --> 00:24:04,068
Giggling
373
00:24:05,235 --> 00:24:07,529
sirens wail
374
00:24:07,613 --> 00:24:10,240
and talk about visual thinking.
375
00:24:10,324 --> 00:24:14,078
Good time, made by two of the
most distinctive film-makers
376
00:24:14,161 --> 00:24:17,289
of the 21st century,
the safdie brothers.
377
00:24:20,751 --> 00:24:22,544
Benny safdie on the right.
378
00:24:22,628 --> 00:24:24,546
Robert pattinson plays
his brother.
379
00:24:24,630 --> 00:24:27,132
They've just robbed a bank.
380
00:24:30,552 --> 00:24:32,972
High-pitched beep
381
00:24:35,182 --> 00:24:36,517
what was that sound?
382
00:24:39,144 --> 00:24:41,730
Hissing
383
00:24:41,814 --> 00:24:43,857
what the fuck did you do?
384
00:24:43,941 --> 00:24:46,151
Screaming
385
00:24:46,235 --> 00:24:49,196
chaos. Mist. Crash.
386
00:24:49,279 --> 00:24:51,657
Horn blares
387
00:24:55,786 --> 00:24:57,997
man coughs
388
00:25:01,917 --> 00:25:04,336
man retches
389
00:25:05,921 --> 00:25:08,716
it's my face... my face.
390
00:25:08,799 --> 00:25:11,093
Narrator: They look fluorescent,
391
00:25:11,176 --> 00:25:13,512
like they're in a computer game.
392
00:25:13,595 --> 00:25:15,347
Pulsing sound.
393
00:25:15,431 --> 00:25:17,182
- My face...
- Look at me. Your face is ok.
394
00:25:17,266 --> 00:25:18,726
Open your eyes.
Come on, come on.
395
00:25:18,809 --> 00:25:20,936
Narrator:
Edgy, hand-held imagery.
396
00:25:21,020 --> 00:25:24,440
Amidst it all,
the love of the brothers.
397
00:25:24,523 --> 00:25:27,693
And then, the whole film
seems to be pink.
398
00:25:27,776 --> 00:25:30,195
An adrenalized movie.
399
00:25:30,279 --> 00:25:33,699
The brothers escape,
houdinis on the run.
400
00:25:33,782 --> 00:25:34,908
I'm going to throw up.
401
00:25:34,992 --> 00:25:36,994
- What did I just tell you?
- I don't know.
402
00:25:37,077 --> 00:25:39,121
I told you
you're not going to throw up.
403
00:25:39,204 --> 00:25:41,248
Tyres screech
404
00:25:41,331 --> 00:25:43,208
horns blare
405
00:25:43,292 --> 00:25:45,085
so, in our new century,
406
00:25:45,169 --> 00:25:48,881
the best action cinema has been
tonally inventive,
407
00:25:48,964 --> 00:25:52,634
visually innovative
and colour-coded.
408
00:25:52,718 --> 00:25:57,056
The best action film
of our times was all of these.
409
00:25:58,390 --> 00:26:01,393
George Miller's
mad Max: Fury road,
410
00:26:01,477 --> 00:26:04,563
an explosively inventive update
411
00:26:04,646 --> 00:26:08,067
of his steampunk mad Max films.
412
00:26:08,150 --> 00:26:11,361
An eco-disaster means
that everything -
413
00:26:11,445 --> 00:26:15,699
fuel, blood, morality -
is scarce.
414
00:26:15,783 --> 00:26:20,913
Everything is handmade from
junk in this artisanal epic.
415
00:26:20,996 --> 00:26:24,500
A guitar, which is also
a flame-thrower,
416
00:26:24,583 --> 00:26:28,462
and has a toilet bowl
as its base. Punk.
417
00:26:28,545 --> 00:26:31,215
Vehicles like tanks,
galleons, bombs.
418
00:26:31,298 --> 00:26:32,841
The camera close to the ground,
419
00:26:32,925 --> 00:26:34,551
to give a better sense ofspeed.
420
00:26:34,635 --> 00:26:37,137
Engines roar
421
00:26:38,472 --> 00:26:39,681
immortan!
422
00:26:39,765 --> 00:26:43,060
Joe, the villain, with animal
teeth and breathing apparatus.
423
00:26:43,143 --> 00:26:44,520
Man gasps
424
00:26:44,603 --> 00:26:46,355
he looked at me!
425
00:26:46,438 --> 00:26:48,440
He looked right at me!
426
00:26:48,524 --> 00:26:50,109
He looked at your blood bag.
427
00:26:50,192 --> 00:26:52,694
He turned his head, he looked
me straight in the eye.
428
00:26:52,778 --> 00:26:54,988
He was scanning the horizon.
429
00:26:55,072 --> 00:26:58,117
No, I am awaited.
430
00:26:58,200 --> 00:27:00,869
I am awaited in Valhalla.
431
00:27:02,913 --> 00:27:04,790
Max, traumatised.
432
00:27:04,873 --> 00:27:07,709
A wild boxer with a garden fork
for a muzzle.
433
00:27:07,793 --> 00:27:09,962
Immortan!
434
00:27:14,341 --> 00:27:16,927
Filming in the Namibian desert.
435
00:27:17,010 --> 00:27:20,514
George Miller's colour palette,
mustard sand
436
00:27:20,597 --> 00:27:22,141
and pops of red.
437
00:27:22,224 --> 00:27:24,351
A health and safety nightmare.
438
00:27:24,434 --> 00:27:26,979
They roar up the road.
439
00:27:27,062 --> 00:27:29,314
Backgrounds were added in cgi
440
00:27:29,398 --> 00:27:32,734
and safety lines removed
in post production,
441
00:27:32,818 --> 00:27:36,029
but the action itself was real.
442
00:27:36,113 --> 00:27:39,658
The crashes, the dust,
the explosions were all real.
443
00:27:39,741 --> 00:27:42,411
In the era of computerised
fight scenes,
444
00:27:42,494 --> 00:27:46,790
Miller said, "none of it
defied the laws of physics."
445
00:27:46,874 --> 00:27:50,294
We felt the velocity,
the physicality.
446
00:27:50,377 --> 00:27:52,963
Then, charlize theron's funosa,
447
00:27:53,046 --> 00:27:54,548
shaven-headed.
448
00:27:54,631 --> 00:27:56,842
No barbarella here.
449
00:27:56,925 --> 00:28:01,180
Max and she don't fall in love
or become friends.
450
00:28:01,263 --> 00:28:03,182
Cirque du soleil?
451
00:28:03,265 --> 00:28:05,309
A circus of the desert.
452
00:28:05,392 --> 00:28:07,561
Engine purrs
453
00:28:11,315 --> 00:28:13,609
2,700 shots,
454
00:28:13,692 --> 00:28:15,986
averaging
just three seconds each,
455
00:28:16,069 --> 00:28:19,406
orchestrated by editor
Margaret sixel.
456
00:28:21,074 --> 00:28:23,202
In the digital age,
457
00:28:23,285 --> 00:28:24,953
in the weightless age,
458
00:28:25,037 --> 00:28:29,333
a film that reminded us
of silent cinema, of this.
459
00:28:31,210 --> 00:28:34,087
The most expensive, extravagant,
460
00:28:34,171 --> 00:28:36,423
weighty shot of its time.
461
00:28:36,506 --> 00:28:40,052
Buster Keaton's the general
has a double structure.
462
00:28:40,135 --> 00:28:42,971
It's a journey up a road,
463
00:28:43,055 --> 00:28:44,848
then back down it again.
464
00:28:44,932 --> 00:28:47,309
Mad Max: Fury road is the same.
465
00:28:47,392 --> 00:28:50,604
As if to emphasise his debt
to buster Keaton,
466
00:28:50,687 --> 00:28:54,900
George Miller also had
mad Max: Fury road released
467
00:28:54,983 --> 00:28:57,027
in black and chrome.
468
00:28:57,110 --> 00:28:59,488
Explosions
469
00:29:01,782 --> 00:29:04,284
it seemed more elemental,
470
00:29:04,368 --> 00:29:06,912
even more part
of the story of film.
471
00:29:06,995 --> 00:29:09,706
A movie with little dialogue,
472
00:29:09,790 --> 00:29:12,209
it did that traditional thing -
473
00:29:12,292 --> 00:29:15,254
used action to reveal character.
474
00:29:15,337 --> 00:29:17,256
Woman: We can't breathe
down here!
475
00:29:17,339 --> 00:29:19,675
Narrator: How someone copes,
what they need.
476
00:29:19,758 --> 00:29:21,260
Now!
477
00:29:24,513 --> 00:29:26,932
This looks like
an action movie too,
478
00:29:27,015 --> 00:29:30,560
and in many ways, baby driver
is an action movie.
479
00:29:30,644 --> 00:29:32,312
It's a heist movie.
480
00:29:32,396 --> 00:29:36,275
But hidden within it and
driving its rhythm and style
481
00:29:36,358 --> 00:29:38,193
is another genre -
482
00:29:38,277 --> 00:29:41,488
our next genre, the musical.
483
00:29:41,571 --> 00:29:46,743
How have film-makers innovated
with dance in recent years?
484
00:29:46,827 --> 00:29:49,705
Music: Harlem shuffle
by Bob and Earl
485
00:29:51,665 --> 00:29:53,625
Edgar Wright's baby driver.
486
00:29:55,210 --> 00:29:57,754
Tilt down
to the title character.
487
00:30:02,009 --> 00:30:06,888
J” you move it to the left
yeah... j”
488
00:30:06,972 --> 00:30:09,516
he's on an ordinary street,
489
00:30:09,599 --> 00:30:12,269
but we notice
that he's moving to the music.
490
00:30:12,352 --> 00:30:15,772
He even seems
to skip to the beat here.
491
00:30:15,856 --> 00:30:17,357
Tyres screech
492
00:30:17,441 --> 00:30:19,568
- asshole!
- Hey! Hey!
493
00:30:19,651 --> 00:30:21,361
No cut in this shot.
494
00:30:23,488 --> 00:30:26,074
J' with a whole lot of soul... j”
495
00:30:26,158 --> 00:30:29,328
baby almost danced
around this pole.
496
00:30:29,411 --> 00:30:31,705
J” just make it last... j”
497
00:30:32,789 --> 00:30:34,374
hey! Jerk!
498
00:30:34,458 --> 00:30:36,335
J” you know you scratch... j”
499
00:30:36,418 --> 00:30:40,047
his movements respond
to the street scene.
500
00:30:40,130 --> 00:30:42,549
The world has a beat.
501
00:30:42,632 --> 00:30:46,094
Wright's mood reel,
the video he made
502
00:30:46,178 --> 00:30:48,055
to show to funders and crew
503
00:30:48,138 --> 00:30:50,307
how the finished movie
would feel,
504
00:30:50,390 --> 00:30:52,809
showed that baby driver extended
505
00:30:52,893 --> 00:30:54,978
the language of classic cinema.
506
00:30:55,062 --> 00:30:56,897
He used this clip.
507
00:30:56,980 --> 00:30:58,815
Digging.
508
00:30:58,899 --> 00:31:00,942
Snonng.
509
00:31:03,487 --> 00:31:06,615
Digging and snoring
alternate rhythmically
510
00:31:09,242 --> 00:31:11,286
brushing
511
00:31:11,370 --> 00:31:14,956
brushing in synch,
building a rhythm.
512
00:31:16,416 --> 00:31:19,336
Hissing and clinking add
to rhythm
513
00:31:22,172 --> 00:31:24,257
shutters open.
514
00:31:24,341 --> 00:31:27,010
A choreographed street.
515
00:31:27,094 --> 00:31:29,638
Dance beneath the surface
of the world.
516
00:31:29,721 --> 00:31:32,432
Sound effects create
pulsing beat
517
00:31:40,399 --> 00:31:43,402
J” no, I've got no time
518
00:31:43,485 --> 00:31:45,779
j” to play your
519
00:31:45,987 --> 00:31:53,286
j” silly games... j”
520
00:31:53,578 --> 00:31:56,498
at first, this looks
more conventional.
521
00:31:56,581 --> 00:32:00,127
A house party in London
in the 19803.
522
00:32:00,210 --> 00:32:04,047
Warm colours,
bodies close together -
523
00:32:04,131 --> 00:32:06,967
what we couldn't do in lockdown.
524
00:32:07,050 --> 00:32:09,094
A movie smooch.
525
00:32:10,303 --> 00:32:13,390
But director Steve McQueen
and his team created
526
00:32:13,473 --> 00:32:15,892
such a mood during the shooting
527
00:32:15,976 --> 00:32:19,187
that, as the song ended,
this happened...
528
00:32:19,271 --> 00:32:23,942
J” every time I hear
your name... j”
529
00:32:24,025 --> 00:32:25,777
sing along, let's go!
530
00:32:25,861 --> 00:32:28,655
Narrator: The dancers extend
the song.
531
00:32:28,738 --> 00:32:32,367
They push back the problems
of the world for a night.
532
00:32:32,451 --> 00:32:34,911
J” inside... j”
533
00:32:34,995 --> 00:32:36,872
that's what I'm talking about.
534
00:32:37,873 --> 00:32:41,460
J” cos every time we meet
535
00:32:41,543 --> 00:32:44,546
j” we play hide-and-seek... j”
536
00:32:44,629 --> 00:32:46,339
j” play it on
the radio station... j”
537
00:32:46,423 --> 00:32:48,967
another dance film
pushing the boundaries,
538
00:32:49,050 --> 00:32:51,428
Beyoncé's visual album lemonade.
539
00:32:51,511 --> 00:32:54,389
J” you just might be a black
Bill Gates in the making
540
00:32:54,473 --> 00:32:55,640
j” cos I slay
541
00:32:55,724 --> 00:32:58,477
j” I just might be a black
Bill Gates in the making... j”
542
00:32:58,560 --> 00:33:00,228
historical costumes,
543
00:33:00,312 --> 00:33:02,189
shots that look
like cheap video,
544
00:33:02,272 --> 00:33:04,024
newspaper politics.
545
00:33:04,107 --> 00:33:07,360
J” I grind till I own it
I twirl on my haters... j”
546
00:33:07,444 --> 00:33:09,362
the editing of music videos,
547
00:33:09,446 --> 00:33:11,573
but the spurs of a cowboy.
548
00:33:11,656 --> 00:33:13,450
Her head from above.
549
00:33:13,533 --> 00:33:15,577
A kid dances to cops.
550
00:33:15,660 --> 00:33:20,081
A montage of moments,
histories, protests, dances.
551
00:33:20,165 --> 00:33:24,294
Hard not to be ovennhelmed
by a net cast so widely.
552
00:33:24,377 --> 00:33:26,004
J” I slay, ok I slay, ok
553
00:33:26,087 --> 00:33:28,131
j” I slay, ok I slay, ok
554
00:33:28,215 --> 00:33:30,133
j” I slay, ok I slay, ok
555
00:33:30,217 --> 00:33:31,885
j” we gon' slay, ok
gon' slay, ok
556
00:33:31,968 --> 00:33:34,179
j” we slay, ok I slay, ok... j”
557
00:33:36,765 --> 00:33:40,477
where else in the movie world
has dance been a big deal
558
00:33:40,560 --> 00:33:42,938
in the 21st century?
559
00:33:43,021 --> 00:33:44,898
As with action films,
560
00:33:44,981 --> 00:33:48,902
India has continued
to be dance cinema central.
561
00:33:48,985 --> 00:33:50,862
In so-called bollywood,
562
00:33:50,946 --> 00:33:53,448
dance has always been
a mood enhancer.
563
00:33:54,699 --> 00:33:57,827
Of the thousands of dance
sequences in this period,
564
00:33:57,911 --> 00:34:00,288
one of the most choreographed
was this...
565
00:34:00,372 --> 00:34:02,999
Music: Tattad tattad
by Aditya narayan
566
00:34:05,210 --> 00:34:09,089
in ram-Leela, a reworking
of Romeo and Juliet.
567
00:34:13,760 --> 00:34:16,346
Vibrating, then slow-mo.
568
00:34:16,429 --> 00:34:18,473
Widescreen, of course.
569
00:34:18,557 --> 00:34:22,102
A celebration of gujarati
clothes and buildings.
570
00:34:22,185 --> 00:34:24,437
A kind of West Side story.
571
00:34:24,521 --> 00:34:27,607
Man sings in hindi
572
00:34:44,207 --> 00:34:45,667
At one point,
it's like it's shot
573
00:34:45,750 --> 00:34:47,627
with a surveillance camera.
574
00:34:47,711 --> 00:34:50,380
And then, shaking
dandruff out of your hair,
575
00:34:50,463 --> 00:34:52,757
a dance move that went viral
576
00:34:52,841 --> 00:34:55,093
and was copied across India.
577
00:35:02,225 --> 00:35:05,520
In western cinema, there were
the magic Mike films,
578
00:35:05,604 --> 00:35:08,898
but bhansali's movie was
more choreographed.
579
00:35:10,734 --> 00:35:15,155
Actor ranveer Singh's body was
very on display in ram-Leela,
580
00:35:15,238 --> 00:35:17,699
but films have always been
attracted
581
00:35:17,782 --> 00:35:19,326
to bodies, haven't they?
582
00:35:21,161 --> 00:35:22,912
Jane Russell came from
583
00:35:22,996 --> 00:35:25,165
a down-to-earth
Minnesota family,
584
00:35:25,248 --> 00:35:27,834
but the movie machine
squeezed her
585
00:35:27,917 --> 00:35:30,086
into the tiniest swimsuit
586
00:35:30,170 --> 00:35:33,131
to show her angles and curves...
587
00:35:33,214 --> 00:35:35,675
J” I'm looking for trouble
588
00:35:35,759 --> 00:35:39,387
j” I'm gonna throw the book away
589
00:35:39,471 --> 00:35:43,016
j” be unpredictable
from day to day
590
00:35:43,099 --> 00:35:48,188
j” in every way I can
591
00:35:48,271 --> 00:35:50,357
j” so this cinderella
592
00:35:50,440 --> 00:35:52,150
j” is looking for a fella... j”
593
00:35:52,233 --> 00:35:55,278
and filmed her from above,
the better to see her cleavage.
594
00:35:56,780 --> 00:36:00,617
Luckily, she had a sense
of humour and great talent.
595
00:36:00,700 --> 00:36:05,664
Has 21st-century film done
anything new with bodies?
596
00:36:05,747 --> 00:36:08,833
Has it extended
how it films them?
597
00:36:08,917 --> 00:36:10,335
Yes.
598
00:36:11,920 --> 00:36:14,255
In lorene scafaria's hustlers,
599
00:36:14,339 --> 00:36:16,341
we see women just as undressed,
600
00:36:16,424 --> 00:36:18,551
just as performing,
601
00:36:18,635 --> 00:36:20,261
just as sexualised.
602
00:36:20,345 --> 00:36:22,847
Music: Etude no1 in
a flat minor by Thomas leyer
603
00:36:22,931 --> 00:36:24,808
- tabletop.
- I can't do that.
604
00:36:24,891 --> 00:36:27,727
But here, a woman is looking.
605
00:36:27,811 --> 00:36:30,855
She's learning.
This is a school room.
606
00:36:30,939 --> 00:36:33,108
What if you don't have muscles
to do that?
607
00:36:33,191 --> 00:36:35,318
- You have muscles to do this.
- I don't have any...
608
00:36:35,402 --> 00:36:37,070
Every girl has muscles
to do this.
609
00:36:37,153 --> 00:36:39,155
You can do this one.
This is the Martini.
610
00:36:40,156 --> 00:36:42,158
Fireman down.
611
00:36:42,242 --> 00:36:45,370
Narrator: Confidence building,
peersuppod.
612
00:36:45,453 --> 00:36:47,580
The film isn't starry-eyed
613
00:36:47,664 --> 00:36:49,749
about pole dancing
and stripping.
614
00:36:50,834 --> 00:36:53,253
It's a job, and these women
are so good at it
615
00:36:53,336 --> 00:36:55,630
that they can turn the tables
on men.
616
00:36:55,714 --> 00:36:57,298
- Just point your toes.
- Ok.
617
00:36:57,382 --> 00:36:58,622
There you go. Hold yourself up.
618
00:36:58,675 --> 00:37:00,051
I'm trying!
619
00:37:01,136 --> 00:37:03,179
Try laying flat across.
Do a tabletop.
620
00:37:03,263 --> 00:37:04,723
They all love seeing that.
621
00:37:04,806 --> 00:37:06,891
Narrator: And talking
of turning the tables,
622
00:37:06,975 --> 00:37:10,478
of upending stereotypes
in 21st-century movies,
623
00:37:10,562 --> 00:37:13,940
what about this film
about bodies?
624
00:37:16,192 --> 00:37:17,569
Man gasps
625
00:37:18,820 --> 00:37:21,990
two young African-American lads
on a beach.
626
00:37:22,073 --> 00:37:26,161
They kissed and are now doing
something more sexual.
627
00:37:26,244 --> 00:37:28,663
The velvet, black sea.
628
00:37:28,747 --> 00:37:30,540
The cool moonlight.
629
00:37:30,623 --> 00:37:32,208
Their vulnerability.
630
00:37:38,423 --> 00:37:39,799
I'm sorry.
631
00:37:42,844 --> 00:37:44,971
What you got to be sorry for?
632
00:37:55,273 --> 00:37:58,735
Ten minutes later, we jump
fonnard several years.
633
00:37:58,818 --> 00:38:01,863
The thin lad
who was on the left, chiron,
634
00:38:01,946 --> 00:38:03,907
has bulked up now.
635
00:38:03,990 --> 00:38:06,701
J” when the scene unfolds
636
00:38:06,785 --> 00:38:09,454
j” young girls
13 years old... j”
637
00:38:09,537 --> 00:38:14,042
earlier we saw him being beat
up and now he's like robocop.
638
00:38:14,125 --> 00:38:16,586
His muscles are
like a suit of armour.
639
00:38:16,669 --> 00:38:18,630
J” ain't in this new world order
640
00:38:18,713 --> 00:38:21,508
j” dem experimenting
in Atlanta, Georgia
641
00:38:21,591 --> 00:38:23,259
j” United Nations, overseas? J”
642
00:38:23,343 --> 00:38:24,969
he touched male skin,
643
00:38:25,053 --> 00:38:28,306
but couldn't deal with
the judgement, the derision,
644
00:38:28,389 --> 00:38:32,477
so his body became inflated,
rock hard.
645
00:38:33,686 --> 00:38:37,315
The poster of moonlight showed
chiron at three stages -
646
00:38:37,398 --> 00:38:39,484
boy, teenager and man -
647
00:38:39,567 --> 00:38:42,403
and with three different
skin tones.
648
00:38:45,573 --> 00:38:48,952
Often, we can feel
the film-maker searching
649
00:38:49,035 --> 00:38:50,912
for the tone of their film,
650
00:38:50,995 --> 00:38:54,749
but director Barry Jenkins had
his from the start.
651
00:38:57,252 --> 00:38:59,295
Moonlight had the mood
652
00:38:59,379 --> 00:39:01,798
of hou hsiao-hsien's
equally tripartite
653
00:39:01,881 --> 00:39:04,801
Taiwanese film three times.
654
00:39:04,884 --> 00:39:06,594
Longlens,
655
00:39:06,678 --> 00:39:07,929
velvet smooth,
656
00:39:08,012 --> 00:39:10,431
tentative, in love.
657
00:39:11,850 --> 00:39:16,729
J” give me an answer, love
658
00:39:18,523 --> 00:39:23,027
j” I need an answer, love... j”
659
00:39:27,073 --> 00:39:30,285
another recent film
that pushed the boundaries
660
00:39:30,368 --> 00:39:33,454
of how male bodies
are portrayed was this one.
661
00:39:34,998 --> 00:39:37,876
A Portuguese man,
tied up in a forest.
662
00:39:37,959 --> 00:39:39,878
He looks down at his body.
663
00:39:41,004 --> 00:39:43,089
Women chat in distance
664
00:39:45,758 --> 00:39:47,093
who tied him?
665
00:39:51,097 --> 00:39:53,308
These two Chinese women.
666
00:39:53,391 --> 00:39:56,311
They're on the st James
pilgrimage in Europe.
667
00:39:56,394 --> 00:39:58,146
It's like a biblical scene,
668
00:39:58,229 --> 00:40:00,481
but gender-flipped,
power-flipped.
669
00:40:00,565 --> 00:40:02,108
You're awake, Fernando.
670
00:40:03,526 --> 00:40:05,945
Why did you tie me up
like this, fei?
671
00:40:08,323 --> 00:40:09,908
We're cursed.
672
00:40:12,035 --> 00:40:15,455
St James cannot help us
any more.
673
00:40:15,538 --> 00:40:18,249
Only st Anthony can help us.
674
00:40:19,667 --> 00:40:22,337
Stop this nonsense. Let me go.
675
00:40:23,338 --> 00:40:25,089
No, we can't, Fernando.
676
00:40:25,173 --> 00:40:27,842
What do you mean you can't?
What do you want from me?
677
00:40:29,093 --> 00:40:31,304
You... stay.
678
00:40:31,387 --> 00:40:35,141
Narrator: The white, male,
strong European
679
00:40:35,224 --> 00:40:37,101
turned into a plaything,
680
00:40:37,185 --> 00:40:41,022
an object of veneration
or torture.
681
00:40:41,105 --> 00:40:43,232
Fernando: What are you saying?
682
00:40:43,316 --> 00:40:46,277
Narrator: What other new ways
did film-makers look at bodies
683
00:40:46,361 --> 00:40:48,821
in recent years?
684
00:40:49,989 --> 00:40:54,619
In xxy, an intersex teenager
looks at their body.
685
00:40:54,702 --> 00:40:58,665
Then, outside, the lad
they've just had sex with.
686
00:40:58,748 --> 00:41:02,210
Similar composition.
Looking and learning.
687
00:41:02,293 --> 00:41:05,713
The storm of adolescence.
688
00:41:05,797 --> 00:41:08,716
Slow recognition
of who they are,
689
00:41:08,800 --> 00:41:10,843
what their bodies are.
690
00:41:31,280 --> 00:41:34,826
French film-maker
Lucile hadzihalilovic is
691
00:41:34,909 --> 00:41:37,370
one of the great
body film-makers.
692
00:41:37,453 --> 00:41:40,999
Here, she pushes the idea
of in-betweenness
693
00:41:41,082 --> 00:41:43,710
into almost Sci-Fi territory.
694
00:41:46,713 --> 00:41:49,841
An ultrasound,
a baby in the womb.
695
00:41:52,593 --> 00:41:55,972
A boy's eyes, shadowless.
696
00:41:56,055 --> 00:41:57,932
Then this wide.
697
00:41:58,016 --> 00:41:59,267
Is he pregnant?
698
00:41:59,350 --> 00:42:01,728
The way she touches his belly,
699
00:42:01,811 --> 00:42:04,480
the softness of the colours.
700
00:42:12,321 --> 00:42:14,782
The opposite of melodrama.
701
00:42:16,034 --> 00:42:17,577
Blank faces.
702
00:42:19,829 --> 00:42:23,332
A hushed nightmare,
like a Paula rego painting.
703
00:42:28,004 --> 00:42:30,715
Another belly, milk on it.
704
00:42:32,675 --> 00:42:36,054
A blank face,
like evolution faces.
705
00:42:41,476 --> 00:42:44,479
Wider, the same muted palette,
706
00:42:44,562 --> 00:42:47,315
and another kind of Sci-Fi.
707
00:42:47,398 --> 00:42:50,151
This young woman is
on a spaceship.
708
00:42:50,234 --> 00:42:53,529
She was impregnated
against her will
709
00:42:53,613 --> 00:42:55,990
and now, she's lactating.
710
00:42:56,074 --> 00:43:00,203
French director Claire denis'
films are often about bodies.
711
00:43:02,830 --> 00:43:07,543
In high life, the bodies are
invaded or desperate for touch.
712
00:43:08,836 --> 00:43:10,379
It got me.
713
00:43:15,927 --> 00:43:18,596
This child has been invaded,
in a way.
714
00:43:18,679 --> 00:43:21,808
She's accused
of being possessed,
715
00:43:21,891 --> 00:43:24,393
of being a witch.
716
00:43:24,477 --> 00:43:27,522
She's tied
to a huge cotton reel,
717
00:43:27,605 --> 00:43:29,440
dragged from school,
718
00:43:29,524 --> 00:43:31,567
as if by an umbilical cord.
719
00:43:42,245 --> 00:43:44,288
Explorer. Repeat.
720
00:43:44,372 --> 00:43:46,833
Expect a communication blackout
at any moment.
721
00:43:46,916 --> 00:43:48,501
Copy that, Houston.
722
00:43:48,584 --> 00:43:49,961
Four years earlier,
723
00:43:50,044 --> 00:43:53,339
Alfonso cuaron made
an umbilical body film.
724
00:43:55,341 --> 00:43:57,343
Sandra bullock plays
an astronaut
725
00:43:57,426 --> 00:43:59,387
whose daughter has died.
726
00:43:59,470 --> 00:44:03,015
Cameras on gyroscopic heads,
actors spinning.
727
00:44:03,099 --> 00:44:05,101
No sense of up or down.
728
00:44:05,184 --> 00:44:07,603
An apparently single shot.
729
00:44:07,687 --> 00:44:10,648
The shock and nausea
of dizziness,
730
00:44:10,731 --> 00:44:13,693
dramatically exciting
and innovative,
731
00:44:13,776 --> 00:44:17,113
but also a sense
that grief is like spinning.
732
00:44:17,196 --> 00:44:19,615
- We've lost Houston.
- Ah.
733
00:44:19,699 --> 00:44:21,784
- We've lost Houston.
- Unstrap.
734
00:44:21,868 --> 00:44:23,744
We need to get the hell
out of here.
735
00:44:23,828 --> 00:44:25,830
- Need some help there?
- No, don't wait for us.
736
00:44:25,913 --> 00:44:27,123
It's stuck.
737
00:44:27,206 --> 00:44:29,375
Man down! Man down!
738
00:44:29,458 --> 00:44:32,336
Houston, this is explorer. Copy.
739
00:44:36,132 --> 00:44:38,926
Explorer's been hit.
Explorer, do you read?
740
00:44:39,010 --> 00:44:41,804
Explorer. Over. Explorer.
741
00:44:43,389 --> 00:44:45,808
Astronaut is off structure.
742
00:44:45,892 --> 00:44:47,852
Dr stone is off structure.
743
00:44:47,935 --> 00:44:49,395
Dr stone, detach.
744
00:44:49,478 --> 00:44:52,231
Compare that to this
great film about bodies
745
00:44:52,315 --> 00:44:54,901
by another great
Mexican director,
746
00:44:54,984 --> 00:44:56,861
made 50 years earlier.
747
00:44:56,944 --> 00:45:00,531
Music: Gloria in d major rv 589
by Vivaldi
748
00:45:07,496 --> 00:45:11,083
The woman as heavy as
bullock's astronaut was light.
749
00:45:11,167 --> 00:45:15,796
The devotional music,
a via dolorosa.
750
00:45:15,880 --> 00:45:18,591
And then, he's carrying a man.
751
00:45:22,595 --> 00:45:23,804
Uphill.
752
00:45:41,530 --> 00:45:43,574
And then, we see it's a carcass.
753
00:45:43,658 --> 00:45:47,245
Was he imagining
the other bodies?
754
00:45:52,500 --> 00:45:55,628
And perhaps the least expected
recent film
755
00:45:55,711 --> 00:45:57,296
to look at bodies?
756
00:45:57,380 --> 00:45:59,173
Maybe it's this one.
757
00:45:59,257 --> 00:46:02,218
A hand without a body.
758
00:46:02,301 --> 00:46:06,555
It rests a moment,
looks across the rooftops.
759
00:46:06,639 --> 00:46:10,142
Blue light. Should it jump?
760
00:46:10,226 --> 00:46:13,562
It does, but, in that moment,
761
00:46:13,646 --> 00:46:15,773
a black and white flashback
762
00:46:15,856 --> 00:46:17,692
to itself as a baby
763
00:46:17,775 --> 00:46:19,527
when it was a whole body.
764
00:46:19,610 --> 00:46:22,697
Handprints.
Danger in the electric socket.
765
00:46:22,780 --> 00:46:24,448
Snot.
766
00:46:24,532 --> 00:46:27,368
Discovering the world
through its body.
767
00:46:42,925 --> 00:46:46,554
Music: Perfect shadow
by Rob Kelly
768
00:47:13,164 --> 00:47:16,834
Can anywhere, anytime,
seem horrific?
769
00:47:21,589 --> 00:47:24,967
Can we imagine New York City
as an open coffin,
770
00:47:25,051 --> 00:47:28,721
a hell below us, boiling up?
771
00:47:43,819 --> 00:47:47,365
Have all decades been good
at horror cinema?
772
00:47:51,827 --> 00:47:55,039
The 1920s set up the template.
773
00:47:56,540 --> 00:47:59,085
Horror went camp in the '503,
774
00:47:59,168 --> 00:48:01,754
blockbustery in the '703,
775
00:48:01,837 --> 00:48:04,673
and Japan took the lead
in the 1990s.
776
00:48:06,342 --> 00:48:10,179
In our own times,
horror is on fire again.
777
00:48:10,262 --> 00:48:12,765
Its language is being extended.
778
00:48:15,351 --> 00:48:16,394
Lauta!
779
00:48:16,477 --> 00:48:18,646
Classical music plays
780
00:48:24,318 --> 00:48:26,904
Bravo. Bravo, susie.
781
00:48:28,030 --> 00:48:30,116
Berlin, 1977.
782
00:48:30,199 --> 00:48:34,495
A febrile dance school,
run by witches.
783
00:48:34,578 --> 00:48:38,582
Dakota Johnson seems to be
possessed as she dances.
784
00:48:38,666 --> 00:48:40,835
Intercutting between her
785
00:48:40,918 --> 00:48:44,880
and, in brown, a body
which is beaten and deformed
786
00:48:44,964 --> 00:48:47,049
as it mirrors her.
787
00:48:56,851 --> 00:48:59,311
Luca guadagnino's suspiria
788
00:48:59,395 --> 00:49:02,648
was a rethink
789
00:49:02,731 --> 00:49:06,026
of an Italian horror classic
but, in its new setting
790
00:49:06,110 --> 00:49:09,530
and faded '70s browns
and beiges,
791
00:49:09,613 --> 00:49:11,699
it combined the grotesque
792
00:49:11,782 --> 00:49:14,952
with state communist paranoia
and control.
793
00:49:19,331 --> 00:49:23,127
Director Jennifer Kent used
a darker colour palette.
794
00:49:24,920 --> 00:49:27,715
An Australian woman in bed
at night.
795
00:49:30,384 --> 00:49:34,555
Her husband has been killed
in a horrific accident.
796
00:49:35,681 --> 00:49:37,308
Scraping
797
00:49:38,893 --> 00:49:42,480
scraping, a door,
half-seen in the gloom.
798
00:49:44,398 --> 00:49:46,484
Door creaks
799
00:49:52,281 --> 00:49:54,408
Scuttling
800
00:49:54,492 --> 00:49:56,410
the shiver of that black thing,
801
00:49:56,494 --> 00:49:58,537
scuttle of an insect.
802
00:49:58,621 --> 00:50:00,539
Scuttling
803
00:50:00,623 --> 00:50:04,043
creatu re: Babadook.
804
00:50:04,126 --> 00:50:07,963
Dook. Dook.
805
00:50:10,007 --> 00:50:13,761
Its voice makes us dread
what she might see,
806
00:50:13,844 --> 00:50:16,472
but we also want to see.
807
00:50:18,015 --> 00:50:20,893
Scuttling
808
00:50:20,976 --> 00:50:24,897
gothic, storybook home invasion.
809
00:50:24,980 --> 00:50:29,527
Terror.
A brilliant, spiky, noir world.
810
00:50:31,237 --> 00:50:34,031
Muted screams
811
00:50:36,450 --> 00:50:40,621
we slowly realise that
what she's really haunted by
812
00:50:40,704 --> 00:50:44,917
is the shock of seeing
her beloved die.
813
00:50:46,460 --> 00:50:48,879
Two years later, in Estonia,
814
00:50:48,963 --> 00:50:51,590
a father caresses his dead son.
815
00:50:51,674 --> 00:50:53,884
But then, a kind of babadook.
816
00:50:53,968 --> 00:50:55,844
Groaning
817
00:50:55,928 --> 00:51:00,516
a slave, made of farm
implements, rises.
818
00:51:00,599 --> 00:51:02,977
Dad looks like
a Rembrandt painting.
819
00:51:04,853 --> 00:51:09,358
Violence.
Imagery like lithographs.
820
00:51:17,825 --> 00:51:20,327
Ari aster's midsommar was
as bright
821
00:51:20,411 --> 00:51:23,414
as the babadook
and November were dark.
822
00:51:23,497 --> 00:51:26,709
You can't speak, you can't move.
823
00:51:26,792 --> 00:51:28,836
All right?
824
00:51:28,919 --> 00:51:30,462
Good.
825
00:51:30,546 --> 00:51:32,423
Narrator: She's talking
to the boyfriend
826
00:51:32,506 --> 00:51:34,091
of the main character.
827
00:51:34,174 --> 00:51:37,052
Sunshine, flowers,
white costumes.
828
00:51:37,136 --> 00:51:39,597
Images of holidays
and happiness.
829
00:51:39,680 --> 00:51:41,515
But not here.
830
00:51:41,599 --> 00:51:46,395
Woman: On this, the day
of our deity of reciprocity,
831
00:51:46,478 --> 00:51:49,481
we gather to give special thanks
832
00:51:49,565 --> 00:51:51,609
to our treasured sun.
833
00:51:51,692 --> 00:51:54,737
As an offering to our father,
834
00:51:54,820 --> 00:51:58,907
we will today surrender
nine human lives.
835
00:52:00,367 --> 00:52:03,871
As harga takes,
so harga also gives.
836
00:52:03,954 --> 00:52:07,082
Narrator: His girlfriend is
in a pyramid of flowers,
837
00:52:07,166 --> 00:52:09,501
a ritual she doesn't understand,
838
00:52:09,585 --> 00:52:11,545
but she knows it's deadly.
839
00:52:11,629 --> 00:52:13,631
Woman: One of our own.
840
00:52:13,714 --> 00:52:18,010
Narrator: She's seen
unspeakable things.
841
00:52:18,093 --> 00:52:20,554
A cloud pyramid.
842
00:52:20,638 --> 00:52:23,932
Too much order,
too much symmetry.
843
00:52:24,016 --> 00:52:25,893
Woman: Nine in all,
844
00:52:25,976 --> 00:52:28,687
to die and be reborn
845
00:52:28,771 --> 00:52:31,273
in the great cycle.
846
00:52:31,357 --> 00:52:35,402
The four new-bloods have
already been supplied.
847
00:52:35,486 --> 00:52:38,197
Narrator: Director Ari aster
called his film
848
00:52:38,280 --> 00:52:40,574
"the wizard of oz for perverts."
849
00:52:41,700 --> 00:52:45,704
Just as inventive was another
horror movie - it follows.
850
00:52:45,788 --> 00:52:47,206
Come look at this.
851
00:52:47,289 --> 00:52:49,500
Ever since she'd had sex
with a guy,
852
00:52:49,583 --> 00:52:52,294
a teenager called Jay
has been followed
853
00:52:52,378 --> 00:52:54,380
by people, entities,
854
00:52:54,463 --> 00:52:57,216
walking slowly, inexorably,
towards her.
855
00:52:57,299 --> 00:52:59,134
They will kill her -
856
00:52:59,218 --> 00:53:01,470
a horror staple, you could say.
857
00:53:01,553 --> 00:53:06,684
But director David Robert
Mitchell used a brilliant form.
858
00:53:06,767 --> 00:53:09,561
Take this shot, for example,
859
00:53:09,645 --> 00:53:11,772
halfway through the film.
860
00:53:11,855 --> 00:53:13,732
The camera circles right.
861
00:53:13,816 --> 00:53:15,192
By this stage,
862
00:53:15,275 --> 00:53:18,320
we, the audience, are looking
for distant walkers.
863
00:53:18,404 --> 00:53:21,490
And there's one, in a white top.
864
00:53:21,573 --> 00:53:24,118
But the camera moves onwards,
865
00:53:24,201 --> 00:53:26,620
and now,
the Walker is behind us.
866
00:53:28,997 --> 00:53:31,125
And there's Jay with a guy.
867
00:53:31,208 --> 00:53:33,460
Does she see the Walker-killer?
868
00:53:33,544 --> 00:53:37,381
No. Most film-makers would do
a reverse cut to it,
869
00:53:37,464 --> 00:53:40,718
but Mitchell just circles
onwards.
870
00:53:40,801 --> 00:53:42,761
Tannoy: Tickets are $5 dollars
for students
871
00:53:42,845 --> 00:53:44,263
and $7 for adults.
872
00:53:44,346 --> 00:53:47,766
Narrator: How close will the
Walker be as we next pass by?
873
00:53:49,435 --> 00:53:51,145
Boom
874
00:53:53,188 --> 00:53:55,649
booms on the soundtrack.
875
00:53:56,775 --> 00:53:58,652
Boom
876
00:54:00,070 --> 00:54:01,530
boom
877
00:54:03,073 --> 00:54:04,450
boom
878
00:54:04,533 --> 00:54:06,160
and still we circle.
879
00:54:06,243 --> 00:54:08,203
Boom
880
00:54:09,955 --> 00:54:11,582
boom
881
00:54:13,500 --> 00:54:15,085
and Jay, again.
882
00:54:15,169 --> 00:54:17,629
We hope she'll look up.
883
00:54:17,713 --> 00:54:20,507
And as the camera moves in,
still with no cut,
884
00:54:20,591 --> 00:54:23,927
it sort of becomes the point
of view of the killer.
885
00:54:24,011 --> 00:54:26,096
We can feel the threat
at our backs.
886
00:54:26,180 --> 00:54:28,182
What is the Walker really?
887
00:54:28,265 --> 00:54:32,269
Jay's guilt? A metaphor for
sexually transmitted disease?
888
00:54:32,352 --> 00:54:35,189
Whatever,
the film electrified space
889
00:54:35,272 --> 00:54:37,483
like few others of our time.
890
00:54:38,692 --> 00:54:40,194
Boom
891
00:54:40,277 --> 00:54:42,112
the slow pan around felt
892
00:54:42,196 --> 00:54:44,907
almost like this famous
experimental film -
893
00:54:44,990 --> 00:54:48,285
Canadian Michael snow's
la région centrale.
894
00:54:49,328 --> 00:54:52,080
The slow circle, drone.
895
00:54:52,164 --> 00:54:55,042
Beeping
896
00:54:55,125 --> 00:54:57,127
snow eventually went further
897
00:54:57,211 --> 00:55:00,047
and had his shot twist
upside down.
898
00:55:01,673 --> 00:55:05,302
The best horror films
of our time twisted our world.
899
00:55:05,385 --> 00:55:07,262
Near the end of our story,
900
00:55:07,346 --> 00:55:11,099
we'll come to movies by
Jordan peele and bong joon-ho,
901
00:55:11,183 --> 00:55:13,936
which did this with aplomb.
902
00:55:36,959 --> 00:55:40,546
We think of cinema
as a dynamic entertainment,
903
00:55:40,629 --> 00:55:42,673
full of action and story,
904
00:55:42,756 --> 00:55:45,175
but there have always been
slow films,
905
00:55:45,259 --> 00:55:47,636
for example, this one,
906
00:55:47,719 --> 00:55:51,515
limite, from Brazil in 1931.
907
00:55:51,598 --> 00:55:53,559
Birds.
908
00:55:54,977 --> 00:55:58,730
Then, such a slow dissolve
to the woman, handcuffed.
909
00:56:00,399 --> 00:56:02,025
We scan the image,
910
00:56:02,109 --> 00:56:05,028
but then we look again
because it doesn't go away.
911
00:56:18,584 --> 00:56:21,628
It dissolves slowly
to a close-up.
912
00:56:26,925 --> 00:56:30,012
If the film-maker wanted
only to tell a story,
913
00:56:30,095 --> 00:56:32,264
he'd have cut more quickly.
914
00:56:32,347 --> 00:56:35,392
Instead, he seems
to want to hypnotise us.
915
00:56:37,060 --> 00:56:41,064
Such hypnosis came to the fore
in our times.
916
00:56:41,148 --> 00:56:44,276
Slow movies became
a kind of genre,
917
00:56:44,359 --> 00:56:46,737
maybe to try to calm
the heartbeat
918
00:56:46,820 --> 00:56:51,158
of the 21st century,
its mania, its pinballing.
919
00:56:53,076 --> 00:56:54,703
If you're used to action films,
920
00:56:54,786 --> 00:56:57,122
it's hard to love
inaction films,
921
00:56:57,205 --> 00:57:01,919
but the best revived the sense
that cinema is a time medium,
922
00:57:02,002 --> 00:57:04,671
that Patience is rewarding.
923
00:57:07,466 --> 00:57:12,638
Pedro costa's Portuguese
slow epic colossal youth.
924
00:57:12,721 --> 00:57:16,224
Two people.
A chink of daylight illuminates
925
00:57:16,308 --> 00:57:18,977
the red and pink flasks.
926
00:57:23,273 --> 00:57:25,525
Distant traffic and chatter
927
00:57:27,486 --> 00:57:29,947
real street sound from outside,
928
00:57:30,030 --> 00:57:33,241
but in here,
it feels like we're hiding
929
00:57:33,325 --> 00:57:35,744
from the speed
of the outside world.
930
00:57:38,872 --> 00:57:43,460
Sadness, poverty,
and waiting for better times,
931
00:57:43,543 --> 00:57:47,172
but also guys with time
for each other.
932
00:57:49,132 --> 00:57:50,509
Sete.
933
00:57:52,719 --> 00:57:55,973
Playing cards
at the edge of Europe,
934
00:57:56,056 --> 00:57:59,059
at the edge
of the financial crash.
935
00:57:59,142 --> 00:58:03,021
No music, close-ups,
camera move or editing.
936
00:58:03,105 --> 00:58:05,023
Just a still life,
937
00:58:05,107 --> 00:58:09,152
like a painting
by still life master chardin.
938
00:58:13,240 --> 00:58:16,284
Slow cinema was made
everywhere in our era.
939
00:58:17,786 --> 00:58:19,663
We're in america now,
940
00:58:19,746 --> 00:58:22,708
Kelly reichardt's film
certain women.
941
00:58:22,791 --> 00:58:24,626
Laura dern is a lawyer.
942
00:58:24,710 --> 00:58:27,587
The end of a hostage situation.
943
00:58:27,671 --> 00:58:30,424
Night-time. Doors and corridors.
944
00:58:30,507 --> 00:58:33,510
Muted colours.
No Hollywood hype.
945
00:58:33,593 --> 00:58:37,389
He's in the back. He's unarmed.
946
00:58:41,309 --> 00:58:42,644
You did good.
947
00:58:47,691 --> 00:58:49,651
Inaudible discussion
948
00:58:57,617 --> 00:59:01,079
We've gotten to know her,
like her,
949
00:59:01,163 --> 00:59:03,373
but then, this cut...
950
00:59:05,125 --> 00:59:06,668
To another character.
951
00:59:08,253 --> 00:59:10,714
Another unhurried story.
952
00:59:10,797 --> 00:59:12,758
And then another.
953
00:59:12,841 --> 00:59:17,012
We see these new characters'
daily lives and desires.
954
00:59:17,095 --> 00:59:19,014
For nearly an hour,
955
00:59:19,097 --> 00:59:22,726
dern's lawyer is
out of the story.
956
00:59:22,809 --> 00:59:26,229
We almost forget about her.
But then...
957
00:59:27,939 --> 00:59:29,566
Is that her?
958
00:59:29,649 --> 00:59:33,528
The muted colour palette again,
long shot.
959
00:59:35,113 --> 00:59:37,365
Then, one of the film's
central characters,
960
00:59:37,449 --> 00:59:40,160
and dern is in her background.
961
00:59:40,243 --> 00:59:43,955
You could call this
structural slowness.
962
00:59:45,791 --> 00:59:47,626
Woman mouths
963
00:59:56,176 --> 01:00:00,555
And talking of structural
slowness, what about this?
964
01:00:00,639 --> 01:00:03,558
Crickets chirrup and dog barks
965
01:00:03,642 --> 01:00:05,852
night-time in the Philippines.
966
01:00:05,936 --> 01:00:09,022
In the distance, a woman
and her three kids.
967
01:00:09,106 --> 01:00:12,317
Her husband, a good man,
has been imprisoned
968
01:00:12,400 --> 01:00:15,153
for a murder he did not commit.
969
01:00:15,237 --> 01:00:18,990
Years have passed. She's
struggled to feed her family.
970
01:00:19,074 --> 01:00:21,535
No music, no film lighting.
971
01:00:21,618 --> 01:00:24,246
The camera tracks right
with the family.
972
01:00:24,329 --> 01:00:28,291
We're more than two hours
into lav Diaz's epic film
973
01:00:28,375 --> 01:00:30,252
about crime and punishment.
974
01:00:30,335 --> 01:00:32,629
It's built with blocks of time,
975
01:00:32,712 --> 01:00:36,133
like an igloo is built
with blocks of ice.
976
01:00:36,216 --> 01:00:38,510
Our hearts break for the family,
977
01:00:38,593 --> 01:00:41,138
but the film's heart
doesn't break,
978
01:00:41,221 --> 01:00:44,432
even when there's a story
shock, like this one.
979
01:00:44,516 --> 01:00:48,562
The real killer, fabian,
walks into shot.
980
01:00:48,645 --> 01:00:51,815
We haven't seen him in ages
981
01:00:51,898 --> 01:00:53,692
and we track with him.
982
01:00:54,901 --> 01:00:56,570
Dogs bark
983
01:00:56,653 --> 01:00:58,488
we can't see his face.
984
01:00:58,572 --> 01:01:01,283
What's he going to do?
His hand in his pocket.
985
01:01:02,826 --> 01:01:06,788
He's a radical student
with a grudge against society.
986
01:01:06,872 --> 01:01:09,875
It's like we're in
a Clint Eastwood film now.
987
01:01:12,794 --> 01:01:15,922
And then, oh no, he follows.
988
01:01:24,097 --> 01:01:25,974
A thriller would out here
989
01:01:26,057 --> 01:01:29,019
to close-ups,
or intercut to have music.
990
01:01:29,102 --> 01:01:32,772
But director Diaz
isn't swimming in the drama.
991
01:01:32,856 --> 01:01:36,735
He's detached,
Dostoevsky-detached.
992
01:01:36,818 --> 01:01:38,945
Dogs bark
993
01:01:42,449 --> 01:01:45,911
then, the kids and a window.
994
01:01:45,994 --> 01:01:49,456
Will killer fabian appear
at that window?
995
01:01:49,539 --> 01:01:53,668
Daring slowness, and dread, too.
996
01:02:10,852 --> 01:02:13,813
She yawns
997
01:02:20,445 --> 01:02:23,073
And we're outside as
the mother opens the window.
998
01:02:23,156 --> 01:02:25,784
Dawn, and a distant fire,
999
01:02:25,867 --> 01:02:27,702
and soldiers
1000
01:02:27,786 --> 01:02:30,705
and another dead-slow
tracking shot.
1001
01:02:30,789 --> 01:02:35,961
We're scanning the shot now,
looking for fabian.
1002
01:02:38,171 --> 01:02:41,383
The slowness gives us
a sense of place,
1003
01:02:41,466 --> 01:02:43,927
of dread and of history.
1004
01:02:48,765 --> 01:02:51,393
Knock on door
our final great slow film.
1005
01:02:51,476 --> 01:02:54,271
A grey image, a knock on a door.
1006
01:02:54,354 --> 01:02:56,648
An out-of-focus woman
goes to open it.
1007
01:02:56,731 --> 01:02:58,024
Knock on door
1008
01:02:58,108 --> 01:02:59,651
we're in her flat.
1009
01:02:59,734 --> 01:03:02,862
She's having an affair
with the man we're looking at.
1010
01:03:04,990 --> 01:03:07,242
We don't find this out
for a long time,
1011
01:03:07,325 --> 01:03:10,745
but the guy who's come in
is her husband.
1012
01:03:13,748 --> 01:03:15,667
The nerves of the lover.
1013
01:03:51,578 --> 01:03:55,248
Tip-toeing. No out, no music.
1014
01:04:02,380 --> 01:04:07,385
Door opens and closes
1015
01:04:10,513 --> 01:04:12,223
door closes
1016
01:04:21,316 --> 01:04:23,818
Door opens
1017
01:04:25,278 --> 01:04:28,573
then, the close-up sound
of the door opening.
1018
01:04:28,656 --> 01:04:31,534
Hand-held move backwards.
1019
01:04:32,786 --> 01:04:35,163
Footsteps
1020
01:04:41,211 --> 01:04:43,254
Then, the husband.
1021
01:04:47,384 --> 01:04:49,427
Why is he not looking
at the lover?
1022
01:05:05,777 --> 01:05:08,154
Only now he looks.
1023
01:05:15,703 --> 01:05:18,665
So, it's the shoes
that gave him away.
1024
01:05:18,748 --> 01:05:20,834
Tension. Breathing.
1025
01:05:20,917 --> 01:05:25,630
This film was made
by 29-year-old hu Bo,
1026
01:05:25,713 --> 01:05:28,967
who killed himself
before its premiere.
1027
01:05:29,050 --> 01:05:34,055
A mournful, resigned
slow-cinema masterpiece.
1028
01:05:48,987 --> 01:05:50,905
And then, what happens?
1029
01:05:53,408 --> 01:05:57,078
Off camera, the husband jumps
from the window.
1030
01:06:00,707 --> 01:06:02,208
Window bangs
1031
01:06:06,671 --> 01:06:10,091
an elephant sitting still was
a fiction film,
1032
01:06:10,175 --> 01:06:12,802
but it looked, at times,
like a documentary.
1033
01:06:15,221 --> 01:06:19,058
What about the actual
documentaries of our times?
1034
01:06:19,142 --> 01:06:20,643
How did they innovate?
1035
01:06:20,727 --> 01:06:23,396
How did they engage
with the real world?
1036
01:06:24,981 --> 01:06:27,567
This in the opening night
of a documentary film festival
1037
01:06:27,650 --> 01:06:30,612
in Minsk,
the capital of Belarus.
1038
01:06:37,368 --> 01:06:40,914
The movie screen is covered
in what looks like bin bags.
1039
01:06:40,997 --> 01:06:45,168
People crawl
from behind the screen.
1040
01:06:45,251 --> 01:06:50,256
The Belarus state security,
the kgb, is in the audience,
1041
01:06:50,340 --> 01:06:53,510
so this is filmed on a phone.
1042
01:06:53,593 --> 01:06:56,596
Belarus had proportionally
more deaths
1043
01:06:56,679 --> 01:06:59,682
than any other country
in world war ii.
1044
01:06:59,766 --> 01:07:02,727
A quarter of its population
died,
1045
01:07:02,810 --> 01:07:05,063
and two-thirds of its Jews.
1046
01:07:06,898 --> 01:07:08,566
Then, this happens.
1047
01:07:08,650 --> 01:07:11,444
The people reveal what, who?
1048
01:07:11,528 --> 01:07:14,656
An acrobat?
Some kind of human spider?
1049
01:07:14,739 --> 01:07:17,575
The spider becomes a dictator.
1050
01:07:25,792 --> 01:07:27,794
The people who run this festival
1051
01:07:27,877 --> 01:07:30,129
have been arrested
several times.
1052
01:07:31,798 --> 01:07:34,968
Eventually,
the dictator is slain.
1053
01:07:39,722 --> 01:07:41,140
Or is he?
1054
01:07:42,934 --> 01:07:44,978
Since the late 19903,
1055
01:07:45,061 --> 01:07:47,146
documentary has had
a golden age.
1056
01:07:48,523 --> 01:07:50,900
Observational documentaries
have always been
1057
01:07:50,984 --> 01:07:52,652
hungry for reality.
1058
01:07:52,735 --> 01:07:56,447
In our times, this one extended
1059
01:07:56,531 --> 01:07:58,700
the hunger, the empathy.
1060
01:08:01,119 --> 01:08:03,746
Yula, a Russian ten-year-old,
1061
01:08:03,830 --> 01:08:08,793
who lives on Europe's biggest
landfill site, near Moscow.
1062
01:08:13,464 --> 01:08:16,050
Her self-awareness, confidence.
1063
01:08:35,194 --> 01:08:36,696
Birds cry
1064
01:08:36,779 --> 01:08:38,239
years pass.
1065
01:08:38,323 --> 01:08:42,452
Yula becomes the narrator
of her unfolding life.
1066
01:09:04,891 --> 01:09:06,684
She stares.
1067
01:09:15,860 --> 01:09:17,487
More years pass.
1068
01:09:18,780 --> 01:09:21,616
The stare and the resignation
intensify.
1069
01:09:23,159 --> 01:09:25,620
The slight wobble of the image
reminds us
1070
01:09:25,703 --> 01:09:27,622
of the film-maker, Hanna polak,
1071
01:09:27,705 --> 01:09:30,583
who shot for 14 years.
1072
01:09:32,043 --> 01:09:33,836
It's like a medieval film.
1073
01:09:36,297 --> 01:09:37,507
Sama.
1074
01:09:37,590 --> 01:09:41,427
Narrator: A baby girl,
another observational film.
1075
01:09:41,511 --> 01:09:43,513
Five years of shooting.
1076
01:09:43,596 --> 01:09:45,098
Sama cries
1077
01:10:04,242 --> 01:10:08,454
The narrator is waad ai-kateab,
sama's mum.
1078
01:10:08,538 --> 01:10:12,500
She also co-directs
from the heart
1079
01:10:12,583 --> 01:10:17,964
of the war in Syria, which
has killed 400,000 people.
1080
01:10:21,259 --> 01:10:24,053
The film couldn't be
more grass-roots,
1081
01:10:24,137 --> 01:10:26,389
and yet it also has an overview,
1082
01:10:26,472 --> 01:10:29,058
like a drone shot
has an overview.
1083
01:10:33,271 --> 01:10:36,983
A story told by the person
at its centre.
1084
01:10:37,066 --> 01:10:39,444
A first-person film,
1085
01:10:39,527 --> 01:10:42,989
but, because the film-maker
talks to her daughter,
1086
01:10:43,072 --> 01:10:46,701
it's also a second-person film.
1087
01:10:50,955 --> 01:10:52,790
Baby cries
1088
01:10:52,874 --> 01:10:55,209
panicked chatter
1089
01:10:55,293 --> 01:10:58,921
boy cries
1090
01:10:59,005 --> 01:11:01,132
observational films are
only one type
1091
01:11:01,215 --> 01:11:02,759
of documentary, of course.
1092
01:11:08,139 --> 01:11:11,058
40 years after
the battle of Chile,
1093
01:11:11,142 --> 01:11:13,644
his fly-on-the-wall,
on-the-barricades,
1094
01:11:13,728 --> 01:11:16,939
in-the-moment account
of a coup in Chile...
1095
01:11:17,023 --> 01:11:19,192
Los agitadores provocan
a la policia.
1096
01:11:19,275 --> 01:11:22,069
Patricio guzman started
a new film,
1097
01:11:22,153 --> 01:11:24,530
the Pearl button, like this.
1098
01:11:29,076 --> 01:11:32,455
Are we seeing a science doc
or an arts film?
1099
01:11:37,752 --> 01:11:39,212
Then, this commentary.
1100
01:11:56,938 --> 01:11:58,898
What a tiny start to a film.
1101
01:11:58,981 --> 01:12:02,443
But then, guzman cuts
to these radio scanners,
1102
01:12:02,527 --> 01:12:04,403
searching the universe.
1103
01:12:04,487 --> 01:12:06,823
Immediately, his scale is vast,
1104
01:12:06,906 --> 01:12:09,033
like the audacious cut in time
1105
01:12:09,116 --> 01:12:12,370
in 2001: A space odyssey
is vast.
1106
01:12:16,040 --> 01:12:18,835
Music: The blue danube
by Johann Strauss ii
1107
01:12:23,005 --> 01:12:26,425
from an ancient, small
mineral drop of water
1108
01:12:26,509 --> 01:12:28,261
to outer space.
1109
01:12:28,344 --> 01:12:30,972
A lesser film-maker
might get lost
1110
01:12:31,055 --> 01:12:32,849
in this vast canvas,
1111
01:12:32,932 --> 01:12:35,518
but guzman connects
the two moments.
1112
01:12:50,491 --> 01:12:53,411
From here he weaves in
other stories -
1113
01:12:53,494 --> 01:12:56,789
genocide, how the victims
of the dictator pinochet
1114
01:12:56,873 --> 01:13:00,418
were drowned in the ocean,
and the environment.
1115
01:13:00,501 --> 01:13:03,796
Essay films are thinking films.
1116
01:13:03,880 --> 01:13:06,716
They take ideas for a walk.
1117
01:13:08,426 --> 01:13:11,429
The Pearl button does so,
brilliantly.
1118
01:13:11,512 --> 01:13:14,807
It extended the reach
of documentary.
1119
01:13:16,851 --> 01:13:18,936
In the second part of our film,
1120
01:13:19,020 --> 01:13:20,479
we'll look at documentaries
1121
01:13:20,563 --> 01:13:24,066
which didn't only extend
the existing language of film.
1122
01:13:24,150 --> 01:13:26,652
They came up
with a new language.
1123
01:13:27,737 --> 01:13:30,907
But for now,
one final documentary film -
1124
01:13:30,990 --> 01:13:34,535
a film that people in Belarus
would admire
1125
01:13:34,619 --> 01:13:39,749
because of its courage
to challenge state authority.
1126
01:13:49,258 --> 01:13:50,885
This is the film.
1127
01:13:50,968 --> 01:13:54,138
It begins with a single event
in India -
1128
01:13:54,221 --> 01:13:57,892
the assassination
of a secular thinker -
1129
01:13:57,975 --> 01:14:01,812
but it builds to encompass
the history of the country,
1130
01:14:01,896 --> 01:14:03,773
its constitution
1131
01:14:03,856 --> 01:14:05,900
and the rise of superstition
1132
01:14:05,983 --> 01:14:07,860
and religious fundamentalism.
1133
01:14:07,944 --> 01:14:10,404
This is a press conference
1134
01:14:10,488 --> 01:14:12,949
called to defend the murderer
1135
01:14:13,032 --> 01:14:15,242
of a secular activist.
1136
01:14:15,326 --> 01:14:17,453
The murderer's defenders are
1137
01:14:17,536 --> 01:14:19,372
dangerous and powerful.
1138
01:14:19,455 --> 01:14:21,290
In the middle of the conference,
1139
01:14:21,374 --> 01:14:23,209
we suddenly hear this question
1140
01:14:23,292 --> 01:14:26,754
about anand patwardhan,
the director of the film.
1141
01:14:35,930 --> 01:14:37,306
And then, patwardhan,
1142
01:14:37,390 --> 01:14:39,225
who's just been threatened,
1143
01:14:39,308 --> 01:14:40,810
speaks up.
1144
01:14:55,157 --> 01:14:57,994
One of the bravest moments
in recent cinema.
1145
01:14:58,077 --> 01:15:02,123
Patwardhan's line,
"I'm standing here," could be
1146
01:15:02,206 --> 01:15:06,711
a motto for documentary
film-makers at their best.
1147
01:15:14,135 --> 01:15:17,138
From documentary to something
else - its opposite,
1148
01:15:17,221 --> 01:15:20,766
the unreal aspect of film
in recent years,
1149
01:15:20,850 --> 01:15:23,019
its heat shimmer.
1150
01:15:24,812 --> 01:15:27,648
Los Angeles is good
at the unreal.
1151
01:15:27,732 --> 01:15:32,194
In a city of blue skies,
they paint more blue skies.
1152
01:15:37,950 --> 01:15:40,786
It's hard to tell the real sky
from the imagined one.
1153
01:15:48,461 --> 01:15:51,839
At the start of 2020,
the world closed.
1154
01:15:55,176 --> 01:15:58,137
People disappeared
from city streets.
1155
01:15:58,220 --> 01:16:00,973
Real life became unreal.
1156
01:16:11,150 --> 01:16:14,570
Movies, of course,
have always loved the unreal.
1157
01:16:14,653 --> 01:16:17,698
They've been great
at the off-kilter everyday.
1158
01:16:17,782 --> 01:16:20,159
More than 90 years ago,
1159
01:16:20,242 --> 01:16:23,621
pioneering surrealist
germaine dulac dissolved
1160
01:16:23,704 --> 01:16:25,873
between pov street shots
1161
01:16:25,956 --> 01:16:28,125
to create a kind of dizzy swoon.
1162
01:16:30,086 --> 01:16:32,880
Many films in recent years
have extended
1163
01:16:32,963 --> 01:16:35,674
this othenlvorldly way
of looking at the world.
1164
01:16:37,635 --> 01:16:39,261
This is the opening sequence
1165
01:16:39,345 --> 01:16:41,972
of ildeko enyedi's
on body and soul.
1166
01:16:42,056 --> 01:16:43,808
Eyes.
1167
01:16:45,893 --> 01:16:47,228
Touch.
1168
01:16:47,311 --> 01:16:48,979
Breathing.
1169
01:16:51,023 --> 01:16:52,191
Licking...
1170
01:16:52,274 --> 01:16:53,734
But not.
1171
01:16:56,278 --> 01:16:58,447
So unhurried, so calm.
1172
01:17:00,616 --> 01:17:04,078
These images could easily come
from a nature film, of course,
1173
01:17:04,161 --> 01:17:07,790
but soon, we meet
two shy, troubled people
1174
01:17:07,873 --> 01:17:10,334
who like each other
1175
01:17:10,417 --> 01:17:12,670
but don't quite know
how to be in love.
1176
01:17:15,422 --> 01:17:18,551
The deer are them
in their dreams,
1177
01:17:18,634 --> 01:17:20,469
their better selves.
1178
01:17:24,014 --> 01:17:25,891
From Hungary to Greece.
1179
01:17:25,975 --> 01:17:28,644
In recent years,
Greek directors have made
1180
01:17:28,727 --> 01:17:30,646
a series of surreal films,
1181
01:17:30,729 --> 01:17:33,023
which were dubbed
the "weird wave".
1182
01:17:33,107 --> 01:17:36,819
Athina-rachél tsangari's
attenberg has
1183
01:17:36,902 --> 01:17:40,531
some of the same themes
as enyedi's deer film.
1184
01:17:40,614 --> 01:17:43,284
A young woman with her sick dad.
1185
01:17:43,367 --> 01:17:45,744
Then, we see
what she's watching.
1186
01:17:50,708 --> 01:17:52,585
A TV show,
1187
01:17:52,668 --> 01:17:56,672
a man imagining what it would
be like to be an animal.
1188
01:18:41,842 --> 01:18:43,552
Like she's leapt species.
1189
01:18:44,762 --> 01:18:46,889
Then, we cut to the girl
and her friend,
1190
01:18:46,972 --> 01:18:49,975
walking weirdly,
like horses almost,
1191
01:18:50,059 --> 01:18:52,603
trying to escape
the human condition.
1192
01:18:57,942 --> 01:19:00,611
But the most off-kilter film
of our times
1193
01:19:00,694 --> 01:19:03,239
was, perhaps,
this astonishing one.
1194
01:19:04,823 --> 01:19:07,159
Years in the making,
three hours long,
1195
01:19:07,243 --> 01:19:11,413
completed after the death
of its director aleksei German,
1196
01:19:11,497 --> 01:19:15,501
it's set on a teeming,
rancid planet
1197
01:19:15,584 --> 01:19:20,089
on which art and thought
are quelled.
1198
01:19:26,971 --> 01:19:29,223
A bird almost touches the lens.
1199
01:19:29,306 --> 01:19:31,725
Then, this striking composition.
1200
01:19:31,809 --> 01:19:36,188
The slit of the hat.
Not an ounce of free space.
1201
01:19:36,272 --> 01:19:39,108
Men whistle
1202
01:19:52,413 --> 01:19:54,206
Then, this hand,
1203
01:19:54,290 --> 01:19:56,792
then a naked foot, then a boot.
1204
01:19:58,919 --> 01:20:01,046
And the greyness and the dirt.
1205
01:20:06,010 --> 01:20:08,220
And almost white now.
1206
01:20:15,477 --> 01:20:18,063
And the guy reaches
his hand out.
1207
01:20:20,607 --> 01:20:22,818
Horses' hooves thud
1208
01:20:26,447 --> 01:20:29,783
then, this umbrella,
out of the mist.
1209
01:20:30,993 --> 01:20:33,620
The movie frame
constantly invaded.
1210
01:20:34,997 --> 01:20:37,499
This guy is
the central character,
1211
01:20:37,583 --> 01:20:40,127
a visitor from earth.
1212
01:20:44,923 --> 01:20:47,801
The people on this planet
think he's a kind of god.
1213
01:20:47,885 --> 01:20:49,845
He's gone native,
1214
01:20:49,928 --> 01:20:52,765
like Marlon Brando
in apocalypse now.
1215
01:20:52,848 --> 01:20:57,394
Hard to be a god is a medieval
mad Max in the mud.
1216
01:20:59,355 --> 01:21:03,442
It pushed film
as far as it could go.
1217
01:21:04,777 --> 01:21:06,987
Boy screams
1218
01:21:08,322 --> 01:21:12,159
few artworks of the
21st century were more dense,
1219
01:21:12,242 --> 01:21:15,371
confusing or sensory.
1220
01:21:15,454 --> 01:21:21,043
Surely this, then, is the end
of the line in our story?
1221
01:21:21,126 --> 01:21:23,879
No. We're only halfway there.
1222
01:21:23,962 --> 01:21:27,257
Even a film as extreme
as hard to be a god
1223
01:21:27,341 --> 01:21:30,636
had direct connections
with the movie past.
1224
01:21:32,012 --> 01:21:35,057
Its muddy vortex was there
in the battle scene
1225
01:21:35,140 --> 01:21:37,851
in Orson welles'
chimes at midnight.
1226
01:21:37,935 --> 01:21:40,562
Shouting and screaming
1227
01:21:44,024 --> 01:21:47,611
visual chaos, the camera
almost touching the horse.
1228
01:21:47,694 --> 01:21:49,905
So full of texture.
1229
01:21:52,908 --> 01:21:54,743
Man clears throat
1230
01:21:54,827 --> 01:21:57,162
what lay beyond this excess?
1231
01:21:57,246 --> 01:21:59,164
The shock of the new.
1232
01:22:00,541 --> 01:22:03,210
New ways of seeing in film,
1233
01:22:03,293 --> 01:22:05,796
the black box,
where light matters.
1234
01:22:05,879 --> 01:22:07,589
The films and technologies
1235
01:22:07,673 --> 01:22:09,383
that did something in cinema
1236
01:22:09,466 --> 01:22:11,552
we'd never seen before.
1237
01:22:27,234 --> 01:22:29,403
Splashing
1238
01:22:36,577 --> 01:22:38,412
What did we just see?
1239
01:22:38,495 --> 01:22:41,331
A camera fell
into a Scottish loch,
1240
01:22:41,415 --> 01:22:43,500
then was pulled out.
1241
01:22:43,584 --> 01:22:46,128
It took a dive, went underneath,
1242
01:22:46,211 --> 01:22:48,797
then came back again
to tell the tale.
1243
01:22:51,550 --> 01:22:54,428
Part two of our story is
about taking a dive,
1244
01:22:54,511 --> 01:22:55,637
going underneath,
1245
01:22:55,721 --> 01:22:59,600
and coming back
a bit shocked, but renewed.
1246
01:23:01,477 --> 01:23:03,353
It'll be about those film-makers
1247
01:23:03,437 --> 01:23:07,149
who seemed to wipe the lens
so we could see anew...
1248
01:23:08,609 --> 01:23:12,112
Who, instead of showing
a woman's face
1249
01:23:12,196 --> 01:23:14,448
as she goes to the opera,
1250
01:23:14,531 --> 01:23:17,075
shows the back of her dress,
1251
01:23:17,159 --> 01:23:19,870
as if we're seeing
a bit of an old painting,
1252
01:23:19,953 --> 01:23:21,622
rather than the whole thing.
1253
01:23:21,705 --> 01:23:23,874
Orchestra tunes instruments
1254
01:23:36,929 --> 01:23:38,722
The Algerian desert.
1255
01:23:38,805 --> 01:23:41,350
A man in uniform walks
towards a wall.
1256
01:23:43,560 --> 01:23:45,521
A needless wall, surely?
1257
01:23:45,604 --> 01:23:48,023
The man is having
hallucinations,
1258
01:23:48,106 --> 01:23:50,484
flashbacks to a violent past.
1259
01:23:51,693 --> 01:23:53,320
What's the wall doing here?
1260
01:23:53,403 --> 01:23:58,784
In China, walls are put
in vistas to block the view.
1261
01:23:58,867 --> 01:24:01,328
This man can't see clearly.
1262
01:24:01,411 --> 01:24:03,080
He's blocked.
1263
01:24:08,585 --> 01:24:10,837
And then, the edge of the wall.
1264
01:24:10,921 --> 01:24:12,506
What's behind it?
1265
01:24:12,589 --> 01:24:15,425
Cut, and we follow.
1266
01:24:15,509 --> 01:24:18,220
Traffic and chatter
1267
01:24:18,303 --> 01:24:20,597
is that street sound we hear?
1268
01:24:20,681 --> 01:24:22,516
Car horn beeps
1269
01:24:22,599 --> 01:24:25,185
the wall seems far bigger now.
1270
01:24:28,438 --> 01:24:32,568
And we're in a city.
We've crossed a threshold.
1271
01:24:41,743 --> 01:24:43,495
Seagulls cry
1272
01:24:43,579 --> 01:24:45,539
this man has just woken up.
1273
01:24:45,622 --> 01:24:48,041
He was asleep, underneath,
1274
01:24:48,125 --> 01:24:52,337
but has come to for air,
into his hotel room.
1275
01:24:55,632 --> 01:24:57,968
He's still in his pyjamas.
1276
01:24:58,051 --> 01:25:00,679
The hotel room has
tree wallpaper.
1277
01:25:05,309 --> 01:25:07,144
But why is he pushing it?
1278
01:25:16,528 --> 01:25:18,363
Loud splintering
1279
01:25:21,366 --> 01:25:23,577
wow, a breakthrough.
1280
01:25:23,660 --> 01:25:26,830
Drone,
and the sound of seagulls.
1281
01:25:26,913 --> 01:25:30,208
A corridor, a room next door.
1282
01:25:30,292 --> 01:25:32,461
To what does it lead?
1283
01:25:34,421 --> 01:25:36,423
Waves lap
1284
01:25:40,802 --> 01:25:43,013
seagulls cry
1285
01:25:45,140 --> 01:25:47,351
a movie theatre.
1286
01:25:47,434 --> 01:25:50,187
A great start to a film.
1287
01:25:50,270 --> 01:25:52,439
From bed to cinema.
1288
01:25:52,522 --> 01:25:55,651
From undennater to seeing anew.
1289
01:25:55,734 --> 01:25:57,611
And the actor?
1290
01:25:57,694 --> 01:26:00,614
It's the film's director,
Leos carax.
1291
01:26:00,697 --> 01:26:03,784
One of the most visual
threshold crossings
1292
01:26:03,867 --> 01:26:05,118
in modern cinema.
1293
01:26:05,202 --> 01:26:07,746
Seagulls cry
1294
01:26:14,378 --> 01:26:18,256
The offspring
of this famous threshold.
1295
01:26:20,258 --> 01:26:22,094
Woman: Essaie.
1296
01:26:22,177 --> 01:26:25,722
Jean cocteau's poet plunges
into a new realm,
1297
01:26:25,806 --> 01:26:27,891
mirror becoming water,
1298
01:26:27,974 --> 01:26:29,893
hard is soft,
1299
01:26:29,976 --> 01:26:32,062
and then, we're in the dark.
1300
01:26:32,145 --> 01:26:34,940
We've left conventions behind.
1301
01:26:42,406 --> 01:26:44,783
The same visual idea is
1302
01:26:44,866 --> 01:26:48,120
in one of the most inventive
films of our times.
1303
01:26:49,454 --> 01:26:51,623
We're through
the looking glass of desire.
1304
01:26:51,707 --> 01:26:54,126
Hard and soft, like in cocteau.
1305
01:26:54,209 --> 01:26:58,505
She's an alien and walks
on the shiny, black liquid.
1306
01:26:58,588 --> 01:27:02,217
He drowns in it, in his desire.
1307
01:27:03,844 --> 01:27:07,222
Sliding, screeching music
by mica Levi...
1308
01:27:11,852 --> 01:27:14,438
Slides us into the Demi-monde,
1309
01:27:14,521 --> 01:27:16,857
like that of holy motors.
1310
01:27:19,109 --> 01:27:22,738
Both films riffed
on Jean cocteau surrealism,
1311
01:27:22,821 --> 01:27:26,825
but wiped the lens clean
with new ways of seeing.
1312
01:27:35,333 --> 01:27:37,753
Under the skin literally started
1313
01:27:37,836 --> 01:27:40,088
with the construction
of an alien's eye.
1314
01:27:40,172 --> 01:27:43,216
We see it form in huge close-up.
1315
01:27:47,304 --> 01:27:51,308
And, amid the frantic,
beehive music,
1316
01:27:51,391 --> 01:27:53,602
we hear her learn to speak.
1317
01:27:56,313 --> 01:27:57,856
Alien: Foals.
1318
01:27:57,939 --> 01:27:59,357
Foals.
1319
01:28:00,442 --> 01:28:02,652
A new language for her,
1320
01:28:02,736 --> 01:28:05,197
a new language for movies.
1321
01:28:05,280 --> 01:28:06,823
Foals.
1322
01:28:08,658 --> 01:28:11,745
And perhaps under the skin's
most daring innovation
1323
01:28:11,828 --> 01:28:14,039
was to shoot a Sci-Fi movie
1324
01:28:14,122 --> 01:28:16,541
starring one of the world's
most famous actors,
1325
01:28:16,625 --> 01:28:19,044
Scarlett Johansson,
1326
01:28:19,127 --> 01:28:21,171
as a documentary.
1327
01:28:21,254 --> 01:28:22,631
Do you know where asda is?
1328
01:28:22,714 --> 01:28:25,550
- No.
- I don't even know?
1329
01:28:25,634 --> 01:28:28,053
He doesn't know
he's being filmed.
1330
01:28:28,136 --> 01:28:30,222
The cameras are hidden.
1331
01:28:30,305 --> 01:28:32,682
You can see the edge
of the dashboard
1332
01:28:32,766 --> 01:28:35,685
in which one is concealed.
1333
01:28:35,769 --> 01:28:38,855
No movie lighting on her face.
1334
01:28:38,939 --> 01:28:41,733
Man: Left,
so it's right, then...
1335
01:28:41,817 --> 01:28:43,860
Real street sound.
1336
01:28:43,944 --> 01:28:45,695
Man: It's a big asda.
You'll see it.
1337
01:28:45,779 --> 01:28:47,405
- A big asda sign.
- Ok.
1338
01:28:47,489 --> 01:28:49,533
Am I keeping you from something?
1339
01:28:49,616 --> 01:28:51,701
- No.
- Where are you going?
1340
01:28:51,785 --> 01:28:54,246
Narrator: A complete reversal
of expectation,
1341
01:28:54,329 --> 01:28:57,582
a genre baptised and reborn.
1342
01:28:57,666 --> 01:28:59,668
- All right, thank you.
- See you later.
1343
01:29:02,963 --> 01:29:05,590
As challenging
as the great Iranian films,
1344
01:29:05,674 --> 01:29:07,133
such as this one,
1345
01:29:07,217 --> 01:29:09,928
abbas kiarostami
and mania akbari's ten,
1346
01:29:10,011 --> 01:29:12,347
which is similarly framed,
1347
01:29:12,430 --> 01:29:14,391
looks like a documentary...
1348
01:29:16,309 --> 01:29:19,437
And yet went way beyond
the everyday.
1349
01:29:29,322 --> 01:29:32,075
What was it like to try
to look at life anew
1350
01:29:32,158 --> 01:29:33,827
in our times?
1351
01:29:33,910 --> 01:29:35,871
For gilded film-makers,
1352
01:29:35,954 --> 01:29:38,665
life has always looked
like a moving target.
1353
01:29:41,001 --> 01:29:44,796
The world glides and twists
in front of their eyes.
1354
01:29:46,882 --> 01:29:49,551
Many of the best writers
and directors want to try
1355
01:29:49,634 --> 01:29:51,970
to describe the world anew.
1356
01:29:52,053 --> 01:29:57,350
But newness is also,
sometimes, handed to them.
1357
01:29:57,434 --> 01:30:01,897
Technology changes
how they see, how we see.
1358
01:30:03,315 --> 01:30:05,358
Technology changed
the story of film
1359
01:30:05,442 --> 01:30:10,739
in the 1920s, '50s,
'60s, '803 and '903,
1360
01:30:10,822 --> 01:30:14,492
and it has done so again
in our times.
1361
01:30:14,576 --> 01:30:18,955
Broadway legend George m cohan
stands on his plinth
1362
01:30:19,039 --> 01:30:21,374
in Times Square, New York.
1363
01:30:21,458 --> 01:30:24,336
He lived until 1942,
1364
01:30:24,419 --> 01:30:28,548
but would find this place
almost unrecognisable now.
1365
01:30:28,632 --> 01:30:33,637
He looks into a canyon
of colour and flicker.
1366
01:30:33,720 --> 01:30:35,931
Would he be scared by this?
1367
01:30:36,014 --> 01:30:39,976
Are we scared by the constant
movement and seduction?
1368
01:30:43,563 --> 01:30:45,941
So much has happened
in the digital canon
1369
01:30:46,024 --> 01:30:48,318
that we can feel dwarfed by it.
1370
01:30:49,444 --> 01:30:51,404
Streaming happened.
1371
01:30:51,488 --> 01:30:53,573
Films were available on demand,
1372
01:30:53,657 --> 01:30:56,952
rather than, as previously,
on supply.
1373
01:30:58,620 --> 01:31:02,874
"What you want when
you want it" was the new offer.
1374
01:31:02,958 --> 01:31:05,669
For most of movie history,
1375
01:31:05,752 --> 01:31:11,132
they, the film suppliers,
had power over us.
1376
01:31:11,216 --> 01:31:15,595
In the last generation,
we have power over them.
1377
01:31:19,516 --> 01:31:22,686
YouTube became
a shabby, global cinematheque,
1378
01:31:22,769 --> 01:31:27,983
a rewarding megalopolis
with 28 billion hits per month.
1379
01:31:30,318 --> 01:31:33,947
In China, douban. Com's
movie wing was having
1380
01:31:34,030 --> 01:31:36,324
50 million hits per month.
1381
01:31:39,953 --> 01:31:42,956
And Netflix, Amazon studios
and others became
1382
01:31:43,039 --> 01:31:45,083
production companies
of largesse,
1383
01:31:45,166 --> 01:31:48,461
at their best,
cosimo de' medicis
1384
01:31:48,545 --> 01:31:51,214
for auteurs
like Martin scorsese.
1385
01:31:52,966 --> 01:31:58,138
Gopro cameras, the brainchild
of surfers, launched in 2004.
1386
01:31:58,221 --> 01:32:03,393
They were cheap and gave
"fish-eye" visual bulges.
1387
01:32:06,104 --> 01:32:08,690
Ethnographers
lucien castaing-Taylor
1388
01:32:08,773 --> 01:32:11,234
and verena paravel
seemed to take
1389
01:32:11,317 --> 01:32:13,403
this "fish-eye" phrase literally
1390
01:32:13,486 --> 01:32:16,239
and attached cameras to fish.
1391
01:32:17,991 --> 01:32:21,411
This couldn't be a human point
of view or a planned shot.
1392
01:32:21,494 --> 01:32:25,331
It's closer, slimier,
more immersive and random
1393
01:32:25,415 --> 01:32:28,501
than almost anything
in the history of cinema.
1394
01:32:28,585 --> 01:32:31,588
Accidental visual marvels.
1395
01:32:31,671 --> 01:32:35,008
Nearly all cinema has been
anthropocentric.
1396
01:32:36,843 --> 01:32:40,096
The gopro camera was
cinema's copernicus.
1397
01:32:47,145 --> 01:32:50,565
The technology was creating
new ways of seeing.
1398
01:32:52,275 --> 01:32:55,361
Everybody who makes
knows that they're limited
1399
01:32:55,445 --> 01:32:57,489
by their tools in some ways,
1400
01:32:57,572 --> 01:33:01,326
and extended by their tools
in other ways.
1401
01:33:01,409 --> 01:33:05,413
As a theatre man, George cohan
would have known this.
1402
01:33:07,415 --> 01:33:09,918
But what would he have made
of one of these?
1403
01:33:10,001 --> 01:33:11,878
The world in your pocket.
1404
01:33:11,961 --> 01:33:13,838
Your life in your pocket.
1405
01:33:13,922 --> 01:33:16,049
How have they changed cinema?
1406
01:33:18,218 --> 01:33:20,512
The beginning
of Austrian film-maker
1407
01:33:20,595 --> 01:33:22,680
Michael haneke's happy end.
1408
01:33:22,764 --> 01:33:24,390
Obviously, a phone shot.
1409
01:33:24,474 --> 01:33:27,227
Vertical rather than
horizontal, hand-held.
1410
01:33:27,310 --> 01:33:29,687
A teenager, filming her mum.
1411
01:33:29,771 --> 01:33:31,898
She hates her mum.
1412
01:33:31,981 --> 01:33:34,359
The shot feels
like surveillance,
1413
01:33:34,442 --> 01:33:36,861
like the horror movie
it follows.
1414
01:33:36,945 --> 01:33:40,281
The fact that it's vertical
makes it feel not polished,
1415
01:33:40,365 --> 01:33:42,367
like cinema is polished.
1416
01:33:42,450 --> 01:33:46,246
It's secretive, something
for her friends' eyes only.
1417
01:33:48,498 --> 01:33:49,999
This fall.
1418
01:33:50,083 --> 01:33:52,544
In a moment, we'll see
the mother unconscious.
1419
01:33:54,212 --> 01:33:57,549
Seldom before had we seen
a vertical shot like this,
1420
01:33:57,632 --> 01:33:59,551
used like this.
1421
01:34:02,220 --> 01:34:03,763
What are you plotting?
1422
01:34:05,974 --> 01:34:08,184
A very different kind
of phone shot,
1423
01:34:08,268 --> 01:34:10,145
very widescreen,
1424
01:34:10,228 --> 01:34:12,313
the cameraperson on a bike,
1425
01:34:12,397 --> 01:34:14,524
racing around the sex worker.
1426
01:34:17,735 --> 01:34:20,321
Then, inside, intense colour.
1427
01:34:20,405 --> 01:34:24,075
Los Angeles as vivid
as a Hollywood musical.
1428
01:34:24,159 --> 01:34:27,120
Non-professional actors
unintimidated
1429
01:34:27,203 --> 01:34:28,371
because there isn't
1430
01:34:28,454 --> 01:34:29,706
a big film crew.
1431
01:34:29,789 --> 01:34:33,501
Movement dynamised
by the deep space
1432
01:34:33,585 --> 01:34:35,128
recorded by the lens
1433
01:34:35,211 --> 01:34:36,921
ofaniphone.
1434
01:34:37,005 --> 01:34:39,299
I don't know
who the fuck this bitch is,
1435
01:34:39,382 --> 01:34:41,593
but it's a white bitch.
It's a white, real fish.
1436
01:34:41,676 --> 01:34:45,054
Narrator: The only extra bits
of equipment are
1437
01:34:45,138 --> 01:34:47,182
a small steadicam
and some new lenses.
1438
01:34:47,265 --> 01:34:49,142
Woman: Started with a d.
Désirée?
1439
01:34:49,225 --> 01:34:53,271
The technology gave the film
its popping imagery,
1440
01:34:53,354 --> 01:34:55,398
but its people popped, too.
1441
01:34:56,858 --> 01:35:00,111
If a trans sex worker appears
in a big-budget film,
1442
01:35:00,195 --> 01:35:05,742
she's usually only to be
a colourful aside, a margin.
1443
01:35:05,825 --> 01:35:08,536
Here, she's at the centre
of the film.
1444
01:35:10,079 --> 01:35:13,833
The phone recentres.
Copernicus, again.
1445
01:35:13,917 --> 01:35:15,752
See you later. God bless.
1446
01:35:15,835 --> 01:35:17,712
Oh, ok. I got you.
1447
01:35:18,755 --> 01:35:20,173
Girl, calm the fuck down...
1448
01:35:20,256 --> 01:35:22,050
Narrator: If we thought
that the colour
1449
01:35:22,133 --> 01:35:25,136
in tangerine was extreme,
look at this.
1450
01:35:25,220 --> 01:35:27,096
It was directed
by Jean-Luc godard,
1451
01:35:27,180 --> 01:35:29,849
the veteran innovator
and disruptor.
1452
01:35:29,933 --> 01:35:33,228
He had his dog
looking at the world.
1453
01:35:33,311 --> 01:35:35,104
Video, saturated,
1454
01:35:35,188 --> 01:35:37,398
classical music, and then?
1455
01:35:39,108 --> 01:35:41,736
An everyday shot of the dog
in the snow.
1456
01:35:55,708 --> 01:35:57,001
Then, this.
1457
01:35:57,085 --> 01:35:59,420
Music: Symphony no 7
in a major by Beethoven
1458
01:35:59,504 --> 01:36:01,631
tangerine and Violet.
1459
01:36:03,341 --> 01:36:05,843
Outdoing tangerine's colours.
1460
01:36:10,098 --> 01:36:15,270
But godard's greater innovation
was to re-invent 3-d filming.
1461
01:36:15,353 --> 01:36:18,982
His dp, fabrice aragno, used
1462
01:36:19,065 --> 01:36:23,987
two inexpensive canon cameras,
50m apart,
1463
01:36:24,070 --> 01:36:27,365
mounted in wood,
one upside down.
1464
01:36:28,783 --> 01:36:30,159
A scene like this,
1465
01:36:30,243 --> 01:36:33,079
in the 2-d version
we're watching here,
1466
01:36:33,162 --> 01:36:35,498
seems unremarkable.
1467
01:36:35,581 --> 01:36:37,583
A man drags a woman.
1468
01:36:37,667 --> 01:36:39,502
The camera at an angle.
1469
01:36:39,585 --> 01:36:41,713
A man walking in the background.
1470
01:36:45,091 --> 01:36:46,217
Gunshot
1471
01:36:46,301 --> 01:36:47,844
a gunshot.
1472
01:36:47,927 --> 01:36:51,055
People running close to,
and further from, the camera.
1473
01:36:51,139 --> 01:36:53,433
But shoot with two cameras,
1474
01:36:53,516 --> 01:36:56,978
and you get
two superimposed images,
1475
01:36:57,061 --> 01:36:59,605
each from a slightly different
angle -
1476
01:36:59,689 --> 01:37:02,275
the essence of 3-d.
1477
01:37:03,568 --> 01:37:05,820
Usually, they are overlapped
in 3-d...
1478
01:37:09,615 --> 01:37:12,452
The aim being to get them
to match perfectly,
1479
01:37:12,535 --> 01:37:16,539
so that when you wear
3-d glasses, you see depth.
1480
01:37:20,460 --> 01:37:22,628
But what if they don't match
perfectly?
1481
01:37:23,963 --> 01:37:26,174
And what if you panned
one of them right?
1482
01:37:27,592 --> 01:37:31,888
Godard and his dp did
just that. From this...
1483
01:37:35,725 --> 01:37:37,393
To this.
1484
01:37:38,478 --> 01:37:41,606
Close your right eye,
and the flower is static.
1485
01:37:41,689 --> 01:37:44,650
Close your left eye, it moves.
1486
01:37:44,734 --> 01:37:48,488
A splitting, not seen before.
1487
01:37:48,571 --> 01:37:51,157
A challenge to binocular vision,
1488
01:37:51,240 --> 01:37:55,203
almost as if his dog was seeing
the world.
1489
01:38:15,723 --> 01:38:18,184
Music: Lola goes blind
by Laurie Anderson
1490
01:38:21,854 --> 01:38:24,649
Laurie Anderson also
was interested
1491
01:38:24,732 --> 01:38:26,609
in an animal's gaze.
1492
01:38:26,692 --> 01:38:28,986
This percussive scene is like
1493
01:38:29,070 --> 01:38:30,863
the opening of under the skin,
1494
01:38:30,947 --> 01:38:32,907
the formation of an eye.
1495
01:38:32,990 --> 01:38:35,451
But then we dissolve
to the seer.
1496
01:38:35,535 --> 01:38:38,579
It's a dog, her dog.
1497
01:38:40,665 --> 01:38:42,375
Woman: When lolabelle got old,
1498
01:38:42,458 --> 01:38:43,876
she went blind.
1499
01:38:46,003 --> 01:38:47,630
She wouldn't move.
1500
01:38:47,713 --> 01:38:49,507
She froze in place.
1501
01:38:51,050 --> 01:38:54,971
The only place she would run
was on the edge of the ocean,
1502
01:38:55,054 --> 01:38:58,683
because she knew there would be
nothing to run into there.
1503
01:39:02,603 --> 01:39:06,023
And so, she went running,
full speed,
1504
01:39:06,107 --> 01:39:08,443
into total darkness.
1505
01:39:12,822 --> 01:39:15,199
Godard and Laurie Anderson
wanted to try
1506
01:39:15,283 --> 01:39:21,247
to look at their films,
their worlds, from new places.
1507
01:39:21,330 --> 01:39:24,792
In comparison,
this looks more conventional.
1508
01:39:24,876 --> 01:39:26,794
I'm not in control.
1509
01:39:26,878 --> 01:39:28,504
I'm not in control.
1510
01:39:28,588 --> 01:39:30,923
Narrator: A young man, Stefan,
1511
01:39:31,007 --> 01:39:34,051
a fight with his dad,
droning music.
1512
01:39:34,135 --> 01:39:36,012
Stefan gasps
1513
01:39:36,095 --> 01:39:37,805
agitated camerawork.
1514
01:39:37,889 --> 01:39:39,932
Stefan, stop it, ok?
1515
01:39:40,016 --> 01:39:43,311
Narrator: And then,
the screen rises.
1516
01:39:43,394 --> 01:39:45,938
We, the viewer, are given
an option.
1517
01:39:46,022 --> 01:39:48,983
Kill dad or back off.
1518
01:39:49,066 --> 01:39:51,944
Let's decide
that we should kill his father,
1519
01:39:52,028 --> 01:39:54,030
to see what that feels like.
1520
01:39:54,113 --> 01:39:55,323
Get away from me.
1521
01:39:55,406 --> 01:39:58,743
Dad, just stay away from me.
I'm not in control.
1522
01:39:58,826 --> 01:40:01,871
Narrator: That's because
we're in control.
1523
01:40:01,954 --> 01:40:05,875
We have decided
that he should kill his father.
1524
01:40:05,958 --> 01:40:07,335
- I'm not in control.
- Stefan.
1525
01:40:07,418 --> 01:40:08,461
I'm not in control.
1526
01:40:16,886 --> 01:40:18,888
An earlier moment in the story.
1527
01:40:18,971 --> 01:40:22,433
A red room,
like in a David lynch film.
1528
01:40:22,517 --> 01:40:26,062
Industrial sounds.
Stefan as a boy.
1529
01:40:28,397 --> 01:40:30,733
And his mum, out of focus.
1530
01:40:30,816 --> 01:40:35,196
Earlier, we heard that she died
in a train crash.
1531
01:40:35,279 --> 01:40:37,865
The young Stefan
had delayed her,
1532
01:40:37,949 --> 01:40:41,035
which led to her death.
1533
01:40:41,118 --> 01:40:44,455
And then, we see
our previous choices.
1534
01:40:44,539 --> 01:40:47,458
We can click and go back
and change our choices.
1535
01:40:47,542 --> 01:40:50,878
Could Stefan go back
and change this moment?
1536
01:40:50,962 --> 01:40:53,589
As she backs out of the cave,
the red room,
1537
01:40:53,673 --> 01:40:57,468
another layer.
The red room is a studio set
1538
01:40:57,552 --> 01:40:59,637
and we're behind a man.
1539
01:40:59,720 --> 01:41:01,722
Is it the writer,
Charlie brooker?
1540
01:41:01,806 --> 01:41:05,476
But then, another cut
to grown-up Stefan.
1541
01:41:05,560 --> 01:41:09,814
Watching the watcher
watch his younger self
1542
01:41:09,897 --> 01:41:12,858
meet his mum. Our head spins.
1543
01:41:14,902 --> 01:41:16,237
Dad, what is this?
1544
01:41:16,320 --> 01:41:17,905
Narrator: In video games,
1545
01:41:17,989 --> 01:41:20,199
it's normal to make
story choices,
1546
01:41:20,283 --> 01:41:24,829
but black mirror: Bandersnatch
made them about trauma,
1547
01:41:24,912 --> 01:41:27,540
and was more cinematic.
1548
01:41:27,623 --> 01:41:30,710
As its story options multiplied,
1549
01:41:30,793 --> 01:41:34,213
we realised that the film
wasn't taking us somewhere.
1550
01:41:34,297 --> 01:41:36,716
We were taking it somewhere...
1551
01:41:39,760 --> 01:41:42,305
To one of eight major endings,
1552
01:41:42,388 --> 01:41:45,766
some of which looped
back like mobius strips.
1553
01:41:48,269 --> 01:41:52,273
At one point, Stefan thinks
he's being manipulated
1554
01:41:52,356 --> 01:41:55,985
by a future organisation,
called Netflix.
1555
01:41:57,236 --> 01:41:59,655
A film about forks in the road,
1556
01:41:59,739 --> 01:42:04,577
bandersnatch itself was
a potential fork in the road
1557
01:42:04,660 --> 01:42:06,579
of movie history.
1558
01:42:11,709 --> 01:42:14,211
Skype, Facebook, streaming,
1559
01:42:14,295 --> 01:42:16,756
touch screens, swiping,
on demand,
1560
01:42:16,839 --> 01:42:19,008
gopros giving a fish-eye view,
1561
01:42:19,091 --> 01:42:21,802
phones turning movie screens
on their side,
1562
01:42:21,886 --> 01:42:23,804
3-d re-invented,
1563
01:42:23,888 --> 01:42:26,599
screens between us
and the world.
1564
01:42:26,682 --> 01:42:30,770
Not since the invention
of photography in the 18003,
1565
01:42:30,853 --> 01:42:36,275
had our old sense of what
looking is taken such a hit.
1566
01:42:38,402 --> 01:42:41,364
And yet another technical
innovation arrived,
1567
01:42:41,447 --> 01:42:44,158
another way in which cinema
was reborn
1568
01:42:44,241 --> 01:42:46,952
or developed a new poetics.
1569
01:42:49,538 --> 01:42:53,000
The city of kuching
in sarawak, Taiwan.
1570
01:42:53,084 --> 01:42:57,171
The great film-maker
tsai ming-liang grew up here.
1571
01:42:57,254 --> 01:42:59,799
He was formed by this place,
1572
01:42:59,882 --> 01:43:03,344
by looking at it
in his childhood.
1573
01:43:03,427 --> 01:43:06,055
As he walked to school,
he could have looked up
1574
01:43:06,138 --> 01:43:08,974
at the sky, to the street,
to his feet.
1575
01:43:18,150 --> 01:43:19,318
Or behind him,
1576
01:43:19,402 --> 01:43:21,320
or further around to his left.
1577
01:43:23,030 --> 01:43:26,283
He could turn his head
anywhere, everywhere.
1578
01:43:26,367 --> 01:43:28,411
Such looking for tsai,
1579
01:43:28,494 --> 01:43:31,956
for all of us,
is in all directions.
1580
01:43:32,039 --> 01:43:33,666
It has no frame.
1581
01:43:33,749 --> 01:43:36,419
But when tsai came
to make cinema,
1582
01:43:36,502 --> 01:43:39,130
it, of course, always had
a frame.
1583
01:43:39,213 --> 01:43:41,340
He was brilliant at framing.
1584
01:43:43,592 --> 01:43:45,219
Off balance...
1585
01:43:49,306 --> 01:43:51,308
As if we were looking
through windows.
1586
01:43:52,810 --> 01:43:56,605
But what if cinema had
no frame, no window?
1587
01:43:56,689 --> 01:43:59,734
Is that possible to imagine?
Yes.
1588
01:44:01,819 --> 01:44:04,155
On the left here
is director tsai,
1589
01:44:04,238 --> 01:44:07,950
and, on the far right, what
looks like a black pumpkin.
1590
01:44:08,033 --> 01:44:10,077
It has lots of cameras in it
1591
01:44:10,161 --> 01:44:12,580
and films in all directions
at once.
1592
01:44:12,663 --> 01:44:14,749
A vr camera.
1593
01:44:14,832 --> 01:44:18,377
Tsai used it to shoot
a kind of ghost story
1594
01:44:18,461 --> 01:44:20,504
called the deserted
1595
01:44:20,588 --> 01:44:23,758
about this guy who's sick
1596
01:44:23,841 --> 01:44:26,969
and this woman
who, across the room,
1597
01:44:27,052 --> 01:44:28,888
is cooking rice.
1598
01:44:28,971 --> 01:44:31,390
Rice simmers
1599
01:44:33,851 --> 01:44:37,188
put on a vr headset
and turn your head,
1600
01:44:37,271 --> 01:44:40,649
and the image would turn
from the guy to the mother.
1601
01:44:40,733 --> 01:44:43,402
You looked where you wanted,
1602
01:44:43,486 --> 01:44:46,405
a bit like tsai did
when he went to school.
1603
01:44:48,282 --> 01:44:51,994
People have said that
virtual reality isn't cinema,
1604
01:44:52,077 --> 01:44:55,247
that it's something else.
But is that true?
1605
01:44:56,373 --> 01:44:58,209
Back to the joker for a moment.
1606
01:44:58,292 --> 01:45:02,671
Its film-makers chose this
frame for one of its shots.
1607
01:45:04,256 --> 01:45:07,510
Wide, long lens,
flat perspective.
1608
01:45:07,593 --> 01:45:10,721
We, the audience, had no say.
1609
01:45:12,139 --> 01:45:13,557
But vr is
1610
01:45:13,641 --> 01:45:17,770
more like this. You turn your
head and look where you want.
1611
01:45:19,021 --> 01:45:22,107
Usually, film directing
means filling
1612
01:45:22,191 --> 01:45:25,194
one frame,
then, after it, another.
1613
01:45:26,737 --> 01:45:29,281
In the deserted and the best vr,
1614
01:45:29,365 --> 01:45:32,117
directors are filling
many spaces
1615
01:45:32,201 --> 01:45:34,495
at many angles from the viewer.
1616
01:45:36,372 --> 01:45:38,958
It's still directing,
but there's far more of it.
1617
01:45:42,378 --> 01:45:43,963
Since the birth of cinema,
1618
01:45:44,046 --> 01:45:46,465
by putting their camera
close to the action,
1619
01:45:46,549 --> 01:45:48,884
many directors have tried
1620
01:45:48,968 --> 01:45:51,011
to make us feel
as if we're there,
1621
01:45:51,095 --> 01:45:53,472
close to or even in the action.
1622
01:45:54,765 --> 01:45:57,852
Few movies in the story
of film make us feel
1623
01:45:57,935 --> 01:46:00,437
that we're more there,
more inside,
1624
01:46:00,521 --> 01:46:02,481
than tsai's the deserted.
1625
01:46:02,565 --> 01:46:05,526
It's a remarkable extension
1626
01:46:05,609 --> 01:46:09,029
of the founding impulse
of the movies.
1627
01:46:12,658 --> 01:46:14,285
As we saw in part one,
1628
01:46:14,368 --> 01:46:18,038
documentary has been on a high
in recent years.
1629
01:46:18,122 --> 01:46:21,375
Something better to come,
the Pearl button,
1630
01:46:21,458 --> 01:46:23,878
reason and many other films
built
1631
01:46:23,961 --> 01:46:28,924
on non-fiction cinematic
traditions in bold ways.
1632
01:46:30,676 --> 01:46:34,847
But some docs seem to have been
even more innovative.
1633
01:46:34,930 --> 01:46:37,057
This is the second shot
1634
01:46:37,141 --> 01:46:39,226
of Kirsten Johnson's film
cameraperson.
1635
01:46:40,311 --> 01:46:43,939
We're in Missouri.
She is filming.
1636
01:46:44,023 --> 01:46:46,400
She calls this movie a memoir,
1637
01:46:46,483 --> 01:46:48,861
but most of the shots
are outtakes
1638
01:46:48,944 --> 01:46:52,031
from films she shot
for other directors.
1639
01:46:52,114 --> 01:46:55,242
She almost never points
the camera at herself.
1640
01:47:00,164 --> 01:47:02,458
Car approaches
1641
01:47:04,960 --> 01:47:06,754
a second car.
1642
01:47:17,389 --> 01:47:18,849
Then, this.
1643
01:47:18,933 --> 01:47:20,059
Kirsten gasps
1644
01:47:20,142 --> 01:47:22,311
we hear her gasp.
1645
01:47:23,604 --> 01:47:25,981
Thunderbolt cracks
1646
01:47:29,568 --> 01:47:32,571
the lighting is
totally out of her control,
1647
01:47:32,655 --> 01:47:36,033
the submission
of the doc film-maker.
1648
01:47:40,871 --> 01:47:42,164
Kirsten sneezes
1649
01:47:42,247 --> 01:47:44,500
then, something else
out of her control.
1650
01:47:45,960 --> 01:47:49,713
She's telling her story
using things that aren't her.
1651
01:47:49,797 --> 01:47:52,675
18 minutes later,
we're in Afghanistan.
1652
01:47:52,758 --> 01:47:55,803
Cover this eye...
Cover your hurt eye,
1653
01:47:55,886 --> 01:47:59,056
and look out and tell me
what you can see.
1654
01:48:03,727 --> 01:48:05,729
Describe everything
that you see.
1655
01:48:14,571 --> 01:48:18,659
A shot filmed to tell us
how this boy sees,
1656
01:48:18,742 --> 01:48:20,911
but as a cameraperson,
1657
01:48:20,995 --> 01:48:24,415
Johnson closes one eye
to look, too.
1658
01:48:25,916 --> 01:48:28,085
In this movie memoir,
1659
01:48:28,168 --> 01:48:31,547
he seems to be speaking
for her, too.
1660
01:48:31,630 --> 01:48:34,717
A mutual ventriloquism.
1661
01:48:34,800 --> 01:48:39,096
In this eye, I can feel
a little bit light.
1662
01:48:39,179 --> 01:48:42,057
And when I'm moving my...
Oh, sorry.
1663
01:48:42,141 --> 01:48:44,476
Narrator: And talking
of ventriloquism takes us
1664
01:48:44,560 --> 01:48:46,520
to a film about Indonesia.
1665
01:48:47,813 --> 01:48:50,399
In the mid-1960s in the country,
1666
01:48:50,482 --> 01:48:54,611
at least half a million people,
accused of being communists,
1667
01:48:54,695 --> 01:48:57,906
were massacred by officials
and gangs.
1668
01:48:59,450 --> 01:49:03,620
In 2014, Joshua Oppenheimer
released this film
1669
01:49:03,704 --> 01:49:05,789
about the atrocity.
1670
01:49:07,291 --> 01:49:10,127
On the left,
one of the murderers,
1671
01:49:10,210 --> 01:49:14,548
his daughter, beside him,
unaware of his brutal crimes.
1672
01:49:14,631 --> 01:49:17,259
The brother
of one of his victims.
1673
01:49:17,342 --> 01:49:20,471
The tension caught
with two cameras.
1674
01:50:06,100 --> 01:50:08,727
Her face hiding her realisation.
1675
01:50:33,043 --> 01:50:36,130
His bravery
and determination to confront.
1676
01:50:40,592 --> 01:50:43,387
The look of silence was
a movie monument
1677
01:50:43,470 --> 01:50:44,513
to the victims.
1678
01:50:44,596 --> 01:50:47,224
But two years before it,
1679
01:50:47,307 --> 01:50:49,059
director Oppenheimer
1680
01:50:49,143 --> 01:50:51,645
and two co-directors,
Christine cynn
1681
01:50:51,728 --> 01:50:54,815
and an anonymous person,
made a film
1682
01:50:54,898 --> 01:50:56,900
about the opposite side,
1683
01:50:56,984 --> 01:50:59,403
about the killers themselves.
1684
01:50:59,486 --> 01:51:01,363
No ordinary film.
1685
01:51:04,241 --> 01:51:07,327
This killer, anwar Congo,
demonstrates
1686
01:51:07,411 --> 01:51:10,372
with impunity and no remorse,
1687
01:51:10,455 --> 01:51:14,585
how he used wire
to murder his victims.
1688
01:51:16,003 --> 01:51:18,005
Then comes the innovation,
1689
01:51:18,088 --> 01:51:20,591
the audacity, the controversy.
1690
01:51:20,674 --> 01:51:24,761
The film-makers asks anwar,
who's a movie lover,
1691
01:51:24,845 --> 01:51:27,514
to recreate the massacres
1692
01:51:27,598 --> 01:51:29,892
on camera for a film.
1693
01:51:31,643 --> 01:51:34,980
Anwar watches the previous
footage of himself.
1694
01:51:36,440 --> 01:51:40,402
We are appalled,
but his reaction is different.
1695
01:52:23,528 --> 01:52:27,741
We were shocked at his crimes,
and now, we're doubly so.
1696
01:52:30,118 --> 01:52:32,579
And then, we see
the re-enactment.
1697
01:52:32,663 --> 01:52:34,539
Film noir lighting.
1698
01:52:34,623 --> 01:52:37,834
The killers are so enjoying
being movie stars
1699
01:52:37,918 --> 01:52:39,628
that it doesn't dawn on them
1700
01:52:39,711 --> 01:52:42,547
what a kitsch confession
this is,
1701
01:52:42,631 --> 01:52:45,217
how, 50 years later,
1702
01:52:45,300 --> 01:52:48,428
they're traducing their victims.
1703
01:52:48,512 --> 01:52:51,098
Call to prayer
1704
01:52:51,181 --> 01:52:54,559
and the film-makers -
are they complicit?
1705
01:52:54,643 --> 01:52:58,230
Their camera assists
with this masquerade,
1706
01:52:58,313 --> 01:53:00,357
this ventriloquism.
1707
01:53:00,440 --> 01:53:04,236
An innovative, ethical,
high-wire act,
1708
01:53:04,319 --> 01:53:08,073
which seems to succeed
in the end of the film,
1709
01:53:08,156 --> 01:53:10,284
as we watch anwar retch
1710
01:53:10,367 --> 01:53:14,955
at the realisation
of the scale of his crimes.
1711
01:53:40,022 --> 01:53:42,190
Anwar retch es
1712
01:53:52,451 --> 01:53:55,078
Anwar continues to retch
1713
01:54:16,099 --> 01:54:18,310
Anwar spits
1714
01:54:41,917 --> 01:54:45,420
The two films so challenged
those in power,
1715
01:54:45,504 --> 01:54:48,590
that many who worked on them
didn't want to be named.
1716
01:54:53,470 --> 01:54:56,390
And one of the most
challenging films of our times
1717
01:54:56,473 --> 01:54:59,309
also had people
who didn't want to be named.
1718
01:54:59,393 --> 01:55:01,144
I want help.
1719
01:55:01,228 --> 01:55:03,980
I do, I want help.
1720
01:55:05,524 --> 01:55:07,526
Female voice-over:
This is a film
1721
01:55:07,609 --> 01:55:09,361
about psychological warfare,
1722
01:55:09,444 --> 01:55:12,322
a specific type of warfare
1723
01:55:12,406 --> 01:55:15,951
designed to distract,
misinform...
1724
01:55:18,537 --> 01:55:20,956
And anaesthetise the brain...
1725
01:55:21,039 --> 01:55:23,458
Narrator: Calm, female voice,
1726
01:55:23,542 --> 01:55:25,377
a mosaic of film clips -
1727
01:55:25,460 --> 01:55:28,171
documentary, news, fiction, etc.
1728
01:55:28,255 --> 01:55:30,674
Voice-over: And is used
against every one of them.
1729
01:55:32,384 --> 01:55:33,760
Against them...
1730
01:55:36,012 --> 01:55:37,472
And against them.
1731
01:55:46,731 --> 01:55:50,110
The film was made in
North Korea, as propaganda,
1732
01:55:50,193 --> 01:55:53,280
to show the citizens
of that communist state
1733
01:55:53,363 --> 01:55:55,532
how Americans are brainwashed.
1734
01:55:55,615 --> 01:55:58,076
It was smuggled
out of North Korea,
1735
01:55:58,160 --> 01:56:01,663
its didactic commentary
translated and re-voiced
1736
01:56:01,746 --> 01:56:03,665
by an American woman.
1737
01:56:03,748 --> 01:56:05,852
Voice-over: Which is why
propagandists call themselves
1738
01:56:05,876 --> 01:56:07,502
the public relations industry.
1739
01:56:07,586 --> 01:56:09,171
Narrator: We get to see the lies
1740
01:56:09,254 --> 01:56:11,089
that are told about the west,
1741
01:56:11,173 --> 01:56:14,176
and yet we are mesmerised.
1742
01:56:14,259 --> 01:56:18,805
The clips and arguments
attacking western consumerism,
1743
01:56:18,889 --> 01:56:25,312
political banalities, hypocrisy
and greed ring true.
1744
01:56:25,395 --> 01:56:28,273
What the film says
about our obsession
1745
01:56:28,356 --> 01:56:32,444
with media, fashion, desire
and PR,
1746
01:56:32,527 --> 01:56:34,446
strikes us.
1747
01:56:34,529 --> 01:56:39,868
The North Korean propagandists
can see our society clearly.
1748
01:56:41,703 --> 01:56:45,832
But here's the shock,
the reversal, the innovation.
1749
01:56:45,916 --> 01:56:49,628
The film wasn't made
in North Korea
1750
01:56:49,711 --> 01:56:53,256
and wasn't smuggled
out of that country.
1751
01:56:53,340 --> 01:56:56,801
It was written and directed
by slavko martinov,
1752
01:56:56,885 --> 01:56:59,262
a New Zealander,
1753
01:56:59,346 --> 01:57:02,349
to make it seem
like it was from North Korea.
1754
01:57:02,432 --> 01:57:06,061
So the female commentary
that we hear...
1755
01:57:06,144 --> 01:57:09,064
Voice-over: Reading gossip
magazines,
1756
01:57:09,147 --> 01:57:13,652
eating vast amounts
of toxic food and shopping.
1757
01:57:13,735 --> 01:57:16,696
Narrator:
..Is a translation into English
1758
01:57:16,780 --> 01:57:18,907
of a Korean commentary
1759
01:57:18,990 --> 01:57:22,077
that is pretending
to be state propaganda,
1760
01:57:22,160 --> 01:57:25,664
but which is, in fact,
a disguised critique
1761
01:57:25,747 --> 01:57:29,834
of western culture, written
by a first-time film-maker,
1762
01:57:29,918 --> 01:57:33,380
in secrecy,
over a ten-year period.
1763
01:57:35,090 --> 01:57:39,261
As our heads spin with the
layers and complexity of this,
1764
01:57:39,344 --> 01:57:44,140
we're troubled by the mirror
it holds up to our faces.
1765
01:57:44,224 --> 01:57:47,936
Martinov's film was truth
in disguise -
1766
01:57:48,019 --> 01:57:51,982
a drag doc, a cunning spectacle,
1767
01:57:52,065 --> 01:57:55,193
documentary, performed
as something else.
1768
01:57:55,277 --> 01:57:57,362
Voice-over:
..Leading the resistance.
1769
01:57:57,445 --> 01:58:00,532
But when the situation seems
to be getting out of hand,
1770
01:58:00,615 --> 01:58:03,660
the establishment ordered it
to be stopped
1771
01:58:03,743 --> 01:58:06,246
and the propagandists moved
quickly
1772
01:58:06,329 --> 01:58:09,165
to lead the young people away
from dangerous protests,
1773
01:58:09,249 --> 01:58:12,460
into such fashionable protests.
1774
01:58:12,544 --> 01:58:15,755
Screaming
1775
01:58:22,846 --> 01:58:25,265
Madrid. An October morning.
1776
01:58:27,017 --> 01:58:30,020
Somewhere in this cemetery,
Ana mariscal,
1777
01:58:30,103 --> 01:58:33,523
one of Spain's greatest
movie stars, is buried.
1778
01:58:36,067 --> 01:58:38,403
There are no signs
for her grave.
1779
01:58:38,486 --> 01:58:40,530
It's not easy to find.
1780
01:58:42,324 --> 01:58:45,827
Her brightness, her changes
of mood, were reminders
1781
01:58:45,910 --> 01:58:50,165
that acting has always been
cinema's raising agent...
1782
01:58:51,916 --> 01:58:54,836
And one of the hardest things
to describe in film.
1783
01:58:56,087 --> 01:59:00,842
Has there been anything new
in acting in recent years? Yes.
1784
01:59:03,303 --> 01:59:05,847
Way back in the 19303,
1785
01:59:05,930 --> 01:59:08,808
dancer-choreographer
Marge champion was
1786
01:59:08,892 --> 01:59:11,394
a live-action model
for the animators
1787
01:59:11,478 --> 01:59:13,730
of snow white
and the seven dwarfs.
1788
01:59:13,813 --> 01:59:20,862
Her old-movie flow and grace
stylised, clarified, idealised.
1789
01:59:20,945 --> 01:59:23,239
In the 21st century,
1790
01:59:23,323 --> 01:59:26,159
this turned
into performance capture.
1791
01:59:27,619 --> 01:59:29,871
Straight-down-the-lens emotion.
1792
01:59:29,954 --> 01:59:33,208
Rage, a demand, a manifesto.
1793
01:59:33,291 --> 01:59:37,087
A better world will emerge
1794
01:59:37,170 --> 01:59:42,384
out of the blood and carnage
of the past.
1795
01:59:44,135 --> 01:59:49,557
A world found upon faith
and understanding.
1796
01:59:51,226 --> 01:59:54,521
Narrator: We know this isn't
an actual ape speaking,
1797
01:59:54,604 --> 01:59:57,065
yet the illusion is complete.
1798
01:59:57,148 --> 01:59:59,609
There's no uncanny valley,
1799
01:59:59,693 --> 02:00:01,444
that creepy feeling we get
1800
02:00:01,528 --> 02:00:04,614
at something that's almost
but not quite real.
1801
02:00:06,533 --> 02:00:08,410
We don't have to force ourselves
1802
02:00:08,493 --> 02:00:10,203
to suspend our disbelief.
1803
02:00:11,705 --> 02:00:14,374
The technology has become
like a window,
1804
02:00:14,457 --> 02:00:16,459
transparent enough to reveal
1805
02:00:16,543 --> 02:00:19,838
the quality of the acting,
the writing, the drama.
1806
02:00:21,381 --> 02:00:26,136
Actor Andy serkis had
scores of dots on his face,
1807
02:00:26,219 --> 02:00:29,264
and infrared transmitters
on his costume.
1808
02:00:29,347 --> 02:00:33,143
Cameras capture the movements
of his facial muscles,
1809
02:00:33,226 --> 02:00:36,646
in themselves, and in the light
from the right...
1810
02:00:36,730 --> 02:00:39,733
The carnage of the past.
1811
02:00:39,816 --> 02:00:43,486
Like a complex scaffold
or a ct scan.
1812
02:00:43,570 --> 02:00:47,365
Technology that came
from pre-cinema,
1813
02:00:47,449 --> 02:00:49,200
medical photography
1814
02:00:49,284 --> 02:00:51,202
and gaming.
1815
02:00:52,662 --> 02:00:54,247
In this demonstration,
1816
02:00:54,330 --> 02:00:58,168
it's like we can see
danninian evolution in reverse.
1817
02:00:59,586 --> 02:01:03,339
The layers of skin, hair,
wrinkles, sweat.
1818
02:01:03,423 --> 02:01:08,052
The composite is like
stanislavski plus painting,
1819
02:01:08,136 --> 02:01:11,055
rotoscoping and Rembrandt.
1820
02:01:14,225 --> 02:01:17,771
The centre of the film world,
the human face.
1821
02:01:42,962 --> 02:01:44,881
Inaudible
1822
02:01:46,049 --> 02:01:47,967
I'm a little concerned.
1823
02:01:48,051 --> 02:01:50,887
Narrator: In Martin scorsese's
the irishman,
1824
02:01:50,970 --> 02:01:52,555
the story covers
1825
02:01:52,639 --> 02:01:56,851
a period from 1949 to 2000.
1826
02:01:56,935 --> 02:01:58,978
Here, Robert De Niro
is playing frank sheeran,
1827
02:01:59,062 --> 02:02:01,689
a war veteran and hitman
for the mob.
1828
02:02:01,773 --> 02:02:06,361
A simple diner scene,
natural lighting, mid shots,
1829
02:02:06,444 --> 02:02:08,321
character and dialogue.
1830
02:02:08,404 --> 02:02:11,491
No Sci-Fi action
or special effects.
1831
02:02:11,574 --> 02:02:14,911
Except that de niro was 75
when this was shot,
1832
02:02:14,994 --> 02:02:17,831
and the character is in his 403.
1833
02:02:17,914 --> 02:02:22,794
Scorsese filmed his actors
in round-table scenes,
1834
02:02:22,877 --> 02:02:24,838
atmospherically lit.
1835
02:02:24,921 --> 02:02:28,508
He said of Robert De Niro
and al Pacino and Joe pesci,
1836
02:02:28,591 --> 02:02:30,927
"I can't have them talking
to each other
1837
02:02:31,010 --> 02:02:33,346
"with golf balls
on their faces."
1838
02:02:33,429 --> 02:02:38,226
And so, his team devised
this camera rig -
1839
02:02:38,309 --> 02:02:41,312
a central
and two "witness" cameras.
1840
02:02:41,396 --> 02:02:44,691
They called it
the "three-headed monster".
1841
02:02:44,774 --> 02:02:47,902
Simple dialogue and character
scenes were filmed
1842
02:02:47,986 --> 02:02:51,364
with the amount of kit
you'd use for an action film,
1843
02:02:51,447 --> 02:02:55,493
to capture the performances
from many angles.
1844
02:02:55,577 --> 02:02:59,205
Some of the cameras also shot
infrared,
1845
02:02:59,289 --> 02:03:03,084
removing the shadows, providing
another layer of analysis
1846
02:03:03,167 --> 02:03:05,169
of de niro's face.
1847
02:03:05,253 --> 02:03:09,507
That famous face was scanned
into medusa software
1848
02:03:09,591 --> 02:03:13,928
and thousands of images of
younger de niro were analysed.
1849
02:03:15,346 --> 02:03:17,765
The result was a "digital human"
1850
02:03:17,849 --> 02:03:19,893
who looked completely undigital.
1851
02:03:19,976 --> 02:03:23,438
The performance capture,
lighting acquisition,
1852
02:03:23,521 --> 02:03:25,315
physiognomy studies
1853
02:03:25,398 --> 02:03:29,152
and muscle movement simulation
were invisible.
1854
02:03:29,235 --> 02:03:31,613
Lies to tell the truth,
1855
02:03:31,696 --> 02:03:33,698
the essence of the movies.
1856
02:03:35,074 --> 02:03:37,994
The planet of the apes movies
and the irishman
1857
02:03:38,077 --> 02:03:41,039
made us think
about authenticity in acting.
1858
02:03:41,122 --> 02:03:45,835
The performer and film-maker
tilda swinton has often said
1859
02:03:45,919 --> 02:03:48,087
that the best performance
in cinema
1860
02:03:48,171 --> 02:03:51,132
is the donkey
in au hasard balthazar.
1861
02:03:51,215 --> 02:03:55,261
Affectless, uncomplaining,
just there.
1862
02:04:00,099 --> 02:04:01,142
Stop!
1863
02:04:01,225 --> 02:04:05,271
If performances could be
enhanced, simulated,
1864
02:04:05,355 --> 02:04:08,983
or moved back in time
in our age,
1865
02:04:09,067 --> 02:04:11,194
where does that leave
a scene like this?
1866
02:04:11,277 --> 02:04:15,281
A fiction film set in
the Soviet union in the '603.
1867
02:04:16,741 --> 02:04:19,869
Neo-Nazis are beating up
an American psychologist,
1868
02:04:19,953 --> 02:04:21,871
claiming that he's gay.
1869
02:04:21,955 --> 02:04:24,874
This is not a documentary,
but the actors lived,
1870
02:04:24,958 --> 02:04:28,336
some say for years,
on the vast set.
1871
02:04:30,380 --> 02:04:32,715
Many didn't break character.
1872
02:04:32,799 --> 02:04:36,594
14 films will be made
of the result.
1873
02:04:36,678 --> 02:04:41,182
And the thugs here are played
by at least one real Neo-Nazi.
1874
02:04:41,265 --> 02:04:46,270
He wasn't acting his rage,
homophobia or anti-semitism.
1875
02:04:46,354 --> 02:04:48,731
Is this justifiable?
1876
02:04:48,815 --> 02:04:50,400
Are we back again
1877
02:04:50,483 --> 02:04:53,444
to Joshua Oppenheimer's
the act of killing?
1878
02:04:57,448 --> 02:04:59,826
After such horrors,
it's a relief
1879
02:04:59,909 --> 02:05:01,828
to turn to something gentler
1880
02:05:01,911 --> 02:05:04,414
and more inspiring.
1881
02:05:04,497 --> 02:05:07,667
One of the most innovative
performances of our time
1882
02:05:07,750 --> 02:05:10,086
used no technology whatsoever.
1883
02:05:10,169 --> 02:05:13,673
Blue morning light.
An old house in Ireland.
1884
02:05:13,756 --> 02:05:17,176
A band has come to record
an experimental album.
1885
02:05:17,260 --> 02:05:19,887
The new keyboard player
is talking
1886
02:05:19,971 --> 02:05:22,640
to the band's mysterious lead
singer and guru, frank.
1887
02:05:22,724 --> 02:05:24,976
Frank: He has to convince him
to lie completely still.
1888
02:05:25,059 --> 02:05:27,895
Narrator: The singer wears
a papier—maché head.
1889
02:05:27,979 --> 02:05:32,358
Underneath it is the actor
Michael fassbender,
1890
02:05:32,442 --> 02:05:35,820
but we won't see his face
for 80 minutes,
1891
02:05:35,903 --> 02:05:38,322
only in the last section
of the movie.
1892
02:05:40,033 --> 02:05:41,743
Can I ask you something?
1893
02:05:41,826 --> 02:05:43,828
Sure.
1894
02:05:43,911 --> 02:05:46,372
Why do you wear that?
1895
02:05:48,041 --> 02:05:49,250
You think it's weird?
1896
02:05:50,418 --> 02:05:51,586
Kind of.
1897
02:05:51,669 --> 02:05:54,672
Well, normal faces
are weird, too, you know.
1898
02:05:56,299 --> 02:06:02,138
The way they're smooth,
smooth, smooth,
1899
02:06:02,221 --> 02:06:06,726
and then, bleaurgh!
You know, all bumpy and holes.
1900
02:06:06,809 --> 02:06:08,519
I mean, what are eyes like?
1901
02:06:08,603 --> 02:06:11,647
Like a science-fiction movie.
Don't get me started on lips.
1902
02:06:11,731 --> 02:06:15,109
Narrator: As most movies
are centred on actors,
1903
02:06:15,193 --> 02:06:16,944
their faces and eyes,
1904
02:06:17,028 --> 02:06:20,573
surely it would kill the film
not to see fassbender's?
1905
02:06:20,656 --> 02:06:22,658
But it doesn't.
1906
02:06:22,742 --> 02:06:25,953
We quickly realise
that frank is hiding.
1907
02:06:26,037 --> 02:06:29,165
Because of the radical use
of the false head,
1908
02:06:29,248 --> 02:06:32,585
we feel that he's inward,
capricious,
1909
02:06:32,668 --> 02:06:36,756
delicate, explosive
and inventive.
1910
02:06:36,839 --> 02:06:40,134
We get to know
so much about him.
1911
02:06:40,218 --> 02:06:43,012
- I write songs, too.
- You write your own songs?
1912
02:06:43,096 --> 02:06:44,806
Narrator:
Acting, not expressing.
1913
02:06:44,889 --> 02:06:46,933
I'd love to play some for you
some time.
1914
02:06:47,016 --> 02:06:50,436
I'd really like that.
Big, non-threatening grin.
1915
02:06:50,520 --> 02:06:52,688
Woman cries
1916
02:06:52,772 --> 02:06:56,109
the idea is pushed
as far as it can go here.
1917
02:06:56,192 --> 02:06:59,320
Shouting and crying
1918
02:06:59,403 --> 02:07:01,864
the back of a man's head.
1919
02:07:01,948 --> 02:07:05,701
He's a Hungarian Jew
in a Nazi gas chamber,
1920
02:07:05,785 --> 02:07:08,371
forced to gather possessions
1921
02:07:08,454 --> 02:07:11,707
and clean up
after the exterminations.
1922
02:07:13,334 --> 02:07:16,420
The prisoners are forced
into the chamber.
1923
02:07:16,504 --> 02:07:18,214
The clang of the door.
1924
02:07:18,297 --> 02:07:21,217
Door clangs shut
1925
02:07:21,300 --> 02:07:23,302
but the camera follows him.
1926
02:07:23,386 --> 02:07:26,597
Its square frame tracks him.
1927
02:07:26,681 --> 02:07:30,393
It can't, or won't,
take its eyes off him.
1928
02:07:30,476 --> 02:07:33,271
It's like this
for the whole film.
1929
02:07:33,354 --> 02:07:37,066
Surrounded by atrocity,
his face is blank.
1930
02:07:37,150 --> 02:07:39,944
Banging and screaming
1931
02:07:41,154 --> 02:07:43,072
bangs, screams.
1932
02:07:43,156 --> 02:07:46,159
The sound comes
from every direction...
1933
02:07:46,242 --> 02:07:48,077
Banging and screaming
1934
02:07:48,161 --> 02:07:50,913
but the image follows him,
1935
02:07:50,997 --> 02:07:55,001
like the TV camera follows
the ball in a football match.
1936
02:07:55,084 --> 02:07:59,964
One of the most rigorous
visual ideas in recent film.
1937
02:08:00,047 --> 02:08:03,050
Banging and screaming
1938
02:08:13,227 --> 02:08:15,062
We're getting to the end
1939
02:08:15,146 --> 02:08:17,106
of our story of film
in recent years.
1940
02:08:17,190 --> 02:08:21,319
We started
with a needy, damaged man,
1941
02:08:21,402 --> 02:08:23,279
a joker on steps,
1942
02:08:23,362 --> 02:08:26,908
and a Princess
who turns things to ice.
1943
02:08:26,991 --> 02:08:30,953
The camera tracked each,
followed each.
1944
02:08:31,037 --> 02:08:33,539
Maybe that's what cinema is -
1945
02:08:33,623 --> 02:08:38,461
a tracking device, following
our lives, our stories.
1946
02:08:43,049 --> 02:08:46,636
Then, its eye is caught
by something else.
1947
02:08:52,266 --> 02:08:55,603
And now, it follows
the new thing,
1948
02:08:55,686 --> 02:08:57,980
like David Robert Mitchell's
horror film.
1949
02:08:59,690 --> 02:09:02,360
As it follows us,
as it tracks us,
1950
02:09:02,443 --> 02:09:04,570
what does cinema see?
1951
02:09:04,654 --> 02:09:08,991
What has it captured about our
lives in the last generation?
1952
02:09:09,075 --> 02:09:13,204
The last section of our story
will be about this -
1953
02:09:13,287 --> 02:09:17,833
who we are, how recent cinema
has revealed us.
1954
02:09:20,628 --> 02:09:23,297
Let's start with the bad news.
1955
02:09:23,381 --> 02:09:25,716
Romanian director radu Jude's
1956
02:09:25,800 --> 02:09:28,844
I don't care if we go down
in history as barbarians.
1957
02:09:28,928 --> 02:09:31,013
Screaming
1958
02:09:31,097 --> 02:09:33,182
Romania today.
1959
02:09:33,266 --> 02:09:36,185
A tracking shot
around a burning barn.
1960
02:09:36,269 --> 02:09:38,562
A young theatre director
is dramatising
1961
02:09:38,646 --> 02:09:41,524
an event
from Romania's history -
1962
02:09:41,607 --> 02:09:46,529
the 1941 murder
of at least 30,000 Jews
1963
02:09:46,612 --> 02:09:49,240
by Romanian and German soldiers.
1964
02:09:49,323 --> 02:09:52,660
Some of the Jewish people
were burnt in barns like this.
1965
02:09:52,743 --> 02:09:56,622
The theatre director boldly
restages the atrocity.
1966
02:09:56,706 --> 02:09:58,958
This is the theatre director.
1967
02:10:05,464 --> 02:10:09,176
Then, a speech by an actor
playing ion antonescu,
1968
02:10:09,260 --> 02:10:12,054
Romania's prime minister
during world war ii,
1969
02:10:12,138 --> 02:10:15,266
who was later convicted
of war crimes.
1970
02:10:15,349 --> 02:10:19,729
The film's director, radu Jude,
has the actor framed side on,
1971
02:10:19,812 --> 02:10:22,064
in front
of the burning atrocity.
1972
02:10:31,324 --> 02:10:34,243
As this recreation is
in a public space
1973
02:10:34,327 --> 02:10:37,580
in Romania today, the theatre
director should have asked
1974
02:10:37,663 --> 02:10:40,916
for permission to stage
this bit of her story,
1975
02:10:41,000 --> 02:10:42,585
but she didn't.
1976
02:10:42,668 --> 02:10:44,670
She thought she'd be refused.
1977
02:10:54,555 --> 02:10:56,182
Cut to the city's mayor,
1978
02:10:56,265 --> 02:10:58,517
looking uncomfortable,
then defiant.
1979
02:11:00,227 --> 02:11:03,230
Then, close-up
of the theatre director,
1980
02:11:03,314 --> 02:11:04,982
maybe surprised
1981
02:11:05,066 --> 02:11:08,361
that she's getting away with
this very public accusation.
1982
02:11:19,080 --> 02:11:22,958
Wide, theatrical shot,
then this.
1983
02:11:23,042 --> 02:11:26,879
Real citizens,
ordinary people, not actors,
1984
02:11:26,962 --> 02:11:30,758
clapping and cheering
the hate speech, the burning.
1985
02:11:32,551 --> 02:11:34,678
The lesson from history
unlearnt.
1986
02:11:34,762 --> 02:11:37,473
Cheering and applause
1987
02:11:43,312 --> 02:11:46,232
People who don't seem to care
about the crime,
1988
02:11:46,315 --> 02:11:48,609
the attempted genocide.
1989
02:11:48,692 --> 02:11:53,531
Radu Jude's play within a film
within a semi-documentary
1990
02:11:53,614 --> 02:11:57,368
is exposing blistering
anti-semitism.
1991
02:11:57,451 --> 02:12:00,454
A finger pointed
at Europe today...
1992
02:12:03,749 --> 02:12:06,252
At something nasty in us.
1993
02:12:10,714 --> 02:12:12,842
And talking of us,
1994
02:12:12,925 --> 02:12:15,302
there was a film called us.
1995
02:12:15,386 --> 02:12:17,638
It pointed a finger, too.
1996
02:12:17,721 --> 02:12:20,683
Who pointed? We did.
1997
02:12:20,766 --> 02:12:23,018
Something inside us did.
1998
02:12:23,102 --> 02:12:24,687
Woman: Shit!
1999
02:12:24,770 --> 02:12:26,772
Man: We've lost power.
2000
02:12:26,856 --> 02:12:29,150
Narrator: A middle-class family
on holiday.
2001
02:12:29,233 --> 02:12:31,902
A power cut. Night. Unease.
2002
02:12:31,986 --> 02:12:33,529
They shriek
2003
02:12:33,612 --> 02:12:34,989
Jesus!
2004
02:12:35,072 --> 02:12:37,408
Ok, we lost power.
Go back to bed.
2005
02:12:37,491 --> 02:12:39,326
There's a family
in our driveway.
2006
02:12:40,703 --> 02:12:43,164
There is not a family
in our driveway.
2007
02:12:44,290 --> 02:12:47,543
Narrator: Four people stand,
backlit, unspeaking.
2008
02:12:48,878 --> 02:12:51,005
Narrator: A family looks mammy
2009
02:12:52,298 --> 02:12:53,841
it is a family.
2010
02:12:53,924 --> 02:12:56,385
What, you're all scared
of a family?
2011
02:12:56,469 --> 02:12:59,430
Narrator: And suddenly,
the son's mask looks scary,
2012
02:12:59,513 --> 02:13:01,432
and the mum gets the threat.
2013
02:13:01,515 --> 02:13:03,392
- Uh-uh.
- Hey, hey, hey.
2014
02:13:03,476 --> 02:13:05,186
Uh-uh.
2015
02:13:05,269 --> 02:13:06,479
What?
2016
02:13:06,562 --> 02:13:07,730
Zora, give me your phone.
2017
02:13:07,813 --> 02:13:09,148
- I'm not...
- Zora!
2018
02:13:11,192 --> 02:13:12,568
Is there someone outside?
2019
02:13:12,651 --> 02:13:15,571
It's just a family,
standing outside.
2020
02:13:15,654 --> 02:13:17,615
It's probably the neighbours.
2021
02:13:17,698 --> 02:13:19,700
Zora: You're kidding me, right?
2022
02:13:19,783 --> 02:13:21,785
Narrator: And then,
the camera is tracking
2023
02:13:21,869 --> 02:13:24,205
around the dispute inside.
2024
02:13:24,288 --> 02:13:27,166
And what are those low,
background, singing noises?
2025
02:13:27,249 --> 02:13:28,834
All right, sure, ok.
2026
02:13:28,918 --> 02:13:30,294
- Yes.
- You know what?
2027
02:13:30,377 --> 02:13:31,754
- What?
- I'm going to fix this.
2028
02:13:31,837 --> 02:13:34,131
- No, we don't.
- I'm going to find out...
2029
02:13:34,215 --> 02:13:35,674
- What?
- ..Who they are.
2030
02:13:35,758 --> 02:13:37,468
No, they haven't,
but I know they will.
2031
02:13:37,551 --> 02:13:40,346
Everything's going to be fine.
Calm down, ok.
2032
02:13:40,429 --> 02:13:42,556
- That's too long!
- Oh, boy.
2033
02:13:42,640 --> 02:13:44,391
No, you don't understand.
2034
02:13:44,475 --> 02:13:47,978
How about we all just try
to keep calm?
2035
02:13:48,062 --> 02:13:49,104
Gabe!
2036
02:13:49,188 --> 02:13:51,068
Keep our heads and
everything will be all right.
2037
02:13:51,106 --> 02:13:52,691
Wait, wait, just one second.
2038
02:13:52,775 --> 02:13:53,943
Gabe!
2039
02:13:58,364 --> 02:13:59,949
Narrator: And swish back.
2040
02:14:01,408 --> 02:14:02,952
And then, dad approaches.
2041
02:14:03,035 --> 02:14:05,663
Dad: Trying to have a vacation
and my whole family have lost
2042
02:14:05,746 --> 02:14:06,789
their goddamn minds.
2043
02:14:09,250 --> 02:14:10,543
Hi!
2044
02:14:10,626 --> 02:14:12,378
Can I help you?
2045
02:14:16,632 --> 02:14:18,968
Narrator:
Gradually, it dawns on us
2046
02:14:19,051 --> 02:14:22,638
that the standing family is
a shadow, the flipside
2047
02:14:22,721 --> 02:14:27,726
of the rich, happy family's
satisfaction and comfort.
2048
02:14:27,810 --> 02:14:30,229
The shadow family is jungian.
2049
02:14:30,312 --> 02:14:33,190
They are creatures
from the happy family's ID.
2050
02:14:33,274 --> 02:14:34,942
Put your shoes on.
2051
02:14:36,402 --> 02:14:37,987
Narrator: Bloodshed comes.
2052
02:14:38,070 --> 02:14:41,448
Writer-director Jordan peele
brilliantly draws us
2053
02:14:41,532 --> 02:14:43,742
into a modern American world,
2054
02:14:43,826 --> 02:14:45,786
then holds up a mirror,
2055
02:14:45,869 --> 02:14:49,415
or makes us think
of our shadow selves.
2056
02:14:52,960 --> 02:14:57,423
A recent film from Korea
showed us our shadow selves.
2057
02:14:57,506 --> 02:14:58,966
A posh, modernist
2058
02:14:59,049 --> 02:15:00,926
family home in Korea.
2059
02:15:01,010 --> 02:15:03,554
A young teacher has arrived.
2060
02:15:03,637 --> 02:15:07,391
He's being shown around
by the family's maid.
2061
02:15:07,474 --> 02:15:10,227
He is to teach
the family's children.
2062
02:15:11,478 --> 02:15:13,397
The camera tracks.
2063
02:15:13,480 --> 02:15:15,608
It's like an architecture video.
2064
02:15:15,691 --> 02:15:17,943
Elite life.
2065
02:15:18,027 --> 02:15:20,821
But all is not what it seems.
2066
02:15:22,823 --> 02:15:25,534
The window in a cheap
apartment in the same city.
2067
02:15:25,618 --> 02:15:27,411
Socks drying.
2068
02:15:27,494 --> 02:15:29,496
The window's at ground level,
2069
02:15:29,580 --> 02:15:32,416
which means that
the apartment is underground.
2070
02:15:32,499 --> 02:15:36,378
As if to emphasise this,
the camera descends.
2071
02:15:42,551 --> 02:15:44,928
And there's the teacher
from the first clip.
2072
02:15:45,012 --> 02:15:47,389
But he's not a teacher.
2073
02:15:47,473 --> 02:15:51,518
His family is so poor that
they have forged a document
2074
02:15:51,602 --> 02:15:54,063
to pretend that he can teach.
2075
02:16:04,156 --> 02:16:07,534
Cheap furniture,
stuff stacked against walls.
2076
02:16:09,662 --> 02:16:12,790
Piles of clothes, cramped rooms.
2077
02:16:14,124 --> 02:16:18,128
This poor family is the shadow
of the rich family.
2078
02:16:18,212 --> 02:16:20,547
It's like they're
its underbelly,
2079
02:16:20,631 --> 02:16:22,841
Korea's underbelly.
2080
02:16:22,925 --> 02:16:26,220
And, as in Jordan peele's us,
2081
02:16:26,303 --> 02:16:29,139
they begin to invade
the rich family.
2082
02:16:29,223 --> 02:16:31,558
And as the plot twists,
2083
02:16:31,642 --> 02:16:34,645
a more literal underground
is revealed.
2084
02:16:34,728 --> 02:16:39,191
Another 21st-century film
about social corrosion.
2085
02:16:40,734 --> 02:16:43,153
Architecture, chutzpah,
resentment
2086
02:16:43,237 --> 02:16:45,114
and Hitchcock meshed
2087
02:16:45,197 --> 02:16:49,118
in director bong joon ho's
playful accusation.
2088
02:16:56,750 --> 02:17:01,505
And here, in Tunisia, is an
even more stark confrontation
2089
02:17:01,588 --> 02:17:03,882
between poor and rich.
2090
02:17:03,966 --> 02:17:06,844
A naked, grieving ex-soldier
2091
02:17:06,927 --> 02:17:12,141
who has run away from conflict,
cities, buildings, clothing.
2092
02:17:12,224 --> 02:17:16,478
He has nothing left.
He's gasping for air.
2093
02:17:16,562 --> 02:17:18,564
Man gasps
2094
02:17:28,615 --> 02:17:30,159
Then, this.
2095
02:17:30,242 --> 02:17:32,911
More than 50 minutes
into the film,
2096
02:17:32,995 --> 02:17:35,622
we suddenly meet his opposite.
2097
02:17:35,706 --> 02:17:40,419
She's rich, clothed, groomed,
sleek, bright,
2098
02:17:40,502 --> 02:17:42,755
in a pink upholstered chair.
2099
02:17:42,838 --> 02:17:47,843
But the camera pulls away from
her perfection, her control.
2100
02:17:47,926 --> 02:17:49,887
Soon, they will meet.
2101
02:17:49,970 --> 02:17:52,181
Their lives will intertwine.
2102
02:17:52,264 --> 02:17:55,851
Those opposite identities
will eclipse each other.
2103
02:18:03,025 --> 02:18:06,153
The Romanian film tracked us,
accused us.
2104
02:18:06,236 --> 02:18:11,492
Us and parasite and tlamess
were cinematic invasions.
2105
02:18:38,435 --> 02:18:42,564
Mati diop's atlantics is
also about invasion,
2106
02:18:42,648 --> 02:18:45,818
also about something
getting inside us.
2107
02:18:47,069 --> 02:18:49,530
It's set in Senegal.
2108
02:18:49,613 --> 02:18:53,617
It has a velvet texture,
somnambulant.
2109
02:18:53,700 --> 02:18:56,495
Near the start of the story,
2110
02:18:56,578 --> 02:18:59,665
we see young people escaping
unemployment,
2111
02:18:59,748 --> 02:19:02,209
leaving Senegal by sea,
2112
02:19:02,292 --> 02:19:04,962
heading for Spain,
2113
02:19:05,045 --> 02:19:07,840
hoping for a new life in Europe.
2114
02:19:09,341 --> 02:19:13,512
One of them is souleiman.
He doesn't return.
2115
02:19:14,805 --> 02:19:16,557
This is a policeman.
2116
02:19:16,640 --> 02:19:20,769
He's possessed by souleiman,
invaded by him.
2117
02:19:28,110 --> 02:19:31,196
The cop doesn't trust himself
when he's possessed.
2118
02:19:39,997 --> 02:19:42,708
A touch of cinematic gothic.
2119
02:19:44,126 --> 02:19:47,087
A new way of looking
at the migrant crisis,
2120
02:19:47,170 --> 02:19:50,090
wholly rooted in west Africa.
2121
02:19:53,844 --> 02:19:57,598
This gorgeous Irish animation
had some similar ideas.
2122
02:19:59,850 --> 02:20:01,602
Dad, look!
2123
02:20:04,146 --> 02:20:06,607
A young girl drowned at sea,
2124
02:20:06,690 --> 02:20:10,611
but has now become a selkie,
a seal.
2125
02:20:10,694 --> 02:20:12,821
A lovely possession.
2126
02:20:12,905 --> 02:20:16,199
She's central, transfigured,
2127
02:20:16,283 --> 02:20:19,161
in gorgeous shades of Amber.
2128
02:20:25,584 --> 02:20:28,587
The animated Irish girl
had tragically died,
2129
02:20:28,670 --> 02:20:30,964
but the film has some optimism
2130
02:20:31,048 --> 02:20:34,426
because it imagines
not so much an invasion,
2131
02:20:34,509 --> 02:20:36,887
but a transformation.
2132
02:20:36,970 --> 02:20:38,889
She is glowing.
2133
02:20:40,641 --> 02:20:43,310
No. No, please, wait.
2134
02:20:43,393 --> 02:20:47,064
Please don't.
Please don't take her from us.
2135
02:20:54,863 --> 02:20:56,365
We are home.
2136
02:20:59,993 --> 02:21:02,996
Ryan coogler's black panther
was glowing too.
2137
02:21:03,080 --> 02:21:04,790
Wakanda,
2138
02:21:04,873 --> 02:21:08,835
an ancient nation
in the film's story.
2139
02:21:08,919 --> 02:21:10,921
Aerial shots like we've seen
2140
02:21:11,004 --> 02:21:13,715
in many conventional films
about Africa,
2141
02:21:13,799 --> 02:21:18,679
but in these, a spaceship
is waved at by sheep herders.
2142
02:21:18,762 --> 02:21:22,516
Pre and postmodern worlds
in Harmony.
2143
02:21:32,109 --> 02:21:34,277
This never gets old.
2144
02:21:34,361 --> 02:21:35,737
Narrator: Then, this.
2145
02:21:38,323 --> 02:21:41,743
A digital interface,
a curtain pulled back
2146
02:21:41,827 --> 02:21:45,414
to reveal a kind
of Hong Kong, a mythic city,
2147
02:21:45,497 --> 02:21:47,666
afro-futuristic,
2148
02:21:47,749 --> 02:21:51,169
buildings with the hint
of Mali architecture.
2149
02:21:56,967 --> 02:21:58,969
A euphoric challenge
2150
02:21:59,052 --> 02:22:02,055
to how outsiders
usually see Africa,
2151
02:22:02,139 --> 02:22:05,350
as third world, underdeveloped.
2152
02:22:05,434 --> 02:22:09,104
Instead of the victim narrative
of Africa,
2153
02:22:09,187 --> 02:22:12,941
here is a founding myth,
a paradise lost.
2154
02:22:19,281 --> 02:22:22,242
This woman finds
a paradise lost.
2155
02:22:22,325 --> 02:22:24,745
She looks different
from other people.
2156
02:22:24,828 --> 02:22:29,332
She's never understood
who she is or what she is.
2157
02:22:31,418 --> 02:22:33,503
Then, there's a fox
at her window.
2158
02:22:38,341 --> 02:22:41,094
It's like she's looking
at a movie screen
2159
02:22:41,178 --> 02:22:43,013
or a mirror.
2160
02:22:43,096 --> 02:22:45,474
She's been marginalised
all her life,
2161
02:22:45,557 --> 02:22:48,393
and sees herself as a fox.
2162
02:22:58,070 --> 02:23:00,405
Woman laughs
2163
02:23:03,075 --> 02:23:05,619
the joy of that discovery.
2164
02:23:09,039 --> 02:23:12,334
Laughter
2165
02:23:12,417 --> 02:23:15,545
she meets a man who's like her
2166
02:23:15,629 --> 02:23:18,340
and their young hearts run free.
2167
02:23:18,423 --> 02:23:20,967
He's fox-like, too.
2168
02:23:21,051 --> 02:23:24,429
They don't need to pretend
that they're like other people.
2169
02:23:24,513 --> 02:23:26,515
They plunge.
2170
02:23:26,598 --> 02:23:29,726
They laugh
2171
02:23:29,810 --> 02:23:32,562
woman shrieks joyfully
2172
02:23:32,646 --> 02:23:35,524
the lake seems to be steaming.
2173
02:23:39,778 --> 02:23:42,531
Ali abbasi's film has
strong echoes
2174
02:23:42,614 --> 02:23:45,325
of this provocative beauty,
freaks,
2175
02:23:45,408 --> 02:23:48,120
made more than 80 years earlier.
2176
02:23:48,203 --> 02:23:50,372
Music and singing
2177
02:23:51,832 --> 02:23:53,959
man plays harmonica
2178
02:23:54,042 --> 02:23:57,170
a forest dance.
People shunned by society.
2179
02:23:57,254 --> 02:23:58,713
Dappled light.
2180
02:23:58,797 --> 02:24:01,091
They sing
2181
02:24:03,385 --> 02:24:06,012
but then, they run.
2182
02:24:06,096 --> 02:24:09,558
The conventional world
is coming.
2183
02:24:09,641 --> 02:24:13,270
Man: Don't you know trespassing
is the same as stealing?
2184
02:24:13,353 --> 02:24:16,022
Oh, I'm sorry, monsieur.
2185
02:24:17,399 --> 02:24:19,776
Is family a paradise lost,
2186
02:24:19,860 --> 02:24:22,112
especially after you leave it?
2187
02:24:23,572 --> 02:24:26,616
When we migrate, do we carry
our families within us?
2188
02:24:30,787 --> 02:24:34,040
Lulu wang's film the farewell
was about this.
2189
02:24:34,124 --> 02:24:36,585
Nai Nai, a family's matriarch,
2190
02:24:36,668 --> 02:24:38,920
is reading the result
of her medical tests,
2191
02:24:39,004 --> 02:24:42,174
her family listening,
lined up like a frieze.
2192
02:24:42,257 --> 02:24:44,259
They've doctored the results.
2193
02:24:44,342 --> 02:24:46,928
Nai Nai has a terminal illness.
2194
02:24:54,436 --> 02:24:56,813
Then, the family in slow motion.
2195
02:24:56,897 --> 02:24:59,774
In the middle, with long hair,
granddaughter billi,
2196
02:24:59,858 --> 02:25:03,320
who lives 13,000km away
in New York,
2197
02:25:03,403 --> 02:25:06,239
and hates the deception
of Nai Nai.
2198
02:25:06,323 --> 02:25:10,827
To her right, with white hair,
Nai Nai's sister,
2199
02:25:10,911 --> 02:25:15,248
whose husband has worked
away from home for years.
2200
02:25:15,332 --> 02:25:19,586
To the left of billi,
her cousin and his fiancee.
2201
02:25:21,713 --> 02:25:24,341
Nothing like a good wedding
to bring people together,
2202
02:25:24,424 --> 02:25:28,637
to collapse distance, to put
them all in the same frame.
2203
02:25:28,720 --> 02:25:31,932
The slow reservoir dogs walk.
2204
02:25:33,391 --> 02:25:34,893
But then, this.
2205
02:25:34,976 --> 02:25:37,395
Billi is isolated now.
2206
02:25:37,479 --> 02:25:39,397
She's talked to her uncle
2207
02:25:39,481 --> 02:25:41,608
about Chinese
collective identity
2208
02:25:41,691 --> 02:25:43,985
versus American individualism.
2209
02:25:45,779 --> 02:25:50,367
Is her identity her own
or part of the family web,
2210
02:25:50,450 --> 02:25:53,328
the family worldwide web?
2211
02:25:53,411 --> 02:25:56,665
Is it inside her or outside?
2212
02:26:23,024 --> 02:26:24,776
You could ask the same thing
2213
02:26:24,859 --> 02:26:28,613
of these children in Bosnia.
2214
02:26:28,697 --> 02:26:33,618
Their parents lived through war
and ethnic cleansing.
2215
02:26:33,702 --> 02:26:36,162
The adults saw atrocities.
2216
02:26:36,246 --> 02:26:39,499
Will these kids inherit
the trauma
2217
02:26:39,582 --> 02:26:41,626
or will they look ahead?
2218
02:26:41,710 --> 02:26:44,796
Are they closed or open?
2219
02:26:44,879 --> 02:26:47,299
Are their eyes wide shut?
2220
02:26:49,217 --> 02:26:51,678
Man speaks Japanese
2221
02:26:58,435 --> 02:27:00,520
A manual labourer father
2222
02:27:00,603 --> 02:27:04,107
and someone we presume
to be his daughter, in Japan.
2223
02:27:12,866 --> 02:27:14,659
The camera pulls back.
2224
02:27:14,743 --> 02:27:16,202
They're enjoying the night,
2225
02:27:16,286 --> 02:27:18,705
the croquettes
they've just shoplifted.
2226
02:27:18,788 --> 02:27:20,206
Then...
2227
02:27:29,591 --> 02:27:33,303
A lonely girl,
glimpsed through a gap.
2228
02:27:43,730 --> 02:27:46,024
Then, the gap in reverse angle.
2229
02:27:55,283 --> 02:27:57,077
Then, this remarkable cut.
2230
02:27:57,160 --> 02:27:59,329
A house even more cluttered
2231
02:27:59,412 --> 02:28:02,165
than the poor family's house
in parasite.
2232
02:28:07,379 --> 02:28:10,131
A shot that echoes
a scene like this,
2233
02:28:10,215 --> 02:28:13,468
in Japanese director
yasujiro ozu's film
2234
02:28:13,551 --> 02:28:15,512
early summer.
2235
02:28:17,597 --> 02:28:20,392
Long lens, flattened imagery,
2236
02:28:20,475 --> 02:28:22,685
a screen on the left.
2237
02:28:22,769 --> 02:28:27,482
A family composition, contained
within squares and lines.
2238
02:28:27,565 --> 02:28:29,692
Woman speaks Japanese
2239
02:28:29,776 --> 02:28:32,404
man speaks Japanese
2240
02:28:32,487 --> 02:28:34,406
and there's the girl.
2241
02:28:34,489 --> 02:28:36,491
They've stolen her.
2242
02:28:36,574 --> 02:28:39,452
Why? Isn't that a crime?
2243
02:28:39,536 --> 02:28:41,621
A reverse angle, now,
2244
02:28:41,704 --> 02:28:43,415
even more cluttered.
2245
02:28:43,498 --> 02:28:45,959
The whole film is like
a reverse angle.
2246
02:28:46,042 --> 02:28:49,212
It looks at family in a way
2247
02:28:49,295 --> 02:28:51,339
that's the reverse
of what we'd expect.
2248
02:28:51,423 --> 02:28:54,676
They speak Japanese
2249
02:28:54,759 --> 02:28:57,345
we learn that a lot
is not what it seems
2250
02:28:57,429 --> 02:29:00,181
in this cosy-looking
family home.
2251
02:29:01,933 --> 02:29:03,893
We're looking at the heart
of something,
2252
02:29:03,977 --> 02:29:06,146
a film with a heart,
2253
02:29:06,229 --> 02:29:09,065
a family with a strong identity,
2254
02:29:09,149 --> 02:29:13,820
but an identity
based on stealing, on crime.
2255
02:29:13,903 --> 02:29:16,906
A family imagined,
2256
02:29:16,990 --> 02:29:20,201
a story of identity told.
2257
02:29:20,285 --> 02:29:22,579
Woman speaks Japanese
2258
02:29:30,044 --> 02:29:32,213
Another family imagined.
2259
02:29:32,297 --> 02:29:34,424
Another cramped apartment.
2260
02:29:38,928 --> 02:29:41,598
A Russian boy
with behavioural problems.
2261
02:29:41,681 --> 02:29:45,018
His mother already has
five kids,
2262
02:29:45,101 --> 02:29:47,854
but has now adopted him,
her sixth.
2263
02:29:47,937 --> 02:29:50,231
Money is scarce,
2264
02:29:50,315 --> 02:29:52,525
but human contact isn't,
2265
02:29:52,609 --> 02:29:54,486
love isn't.
2266
02:29:54,569 --> 02:29:56,571
The camera, near the floor.
2267
02:30:02,076 --> 02:30:03,953
She cradles his feet.
2268
02:30:25,391 --> 02:30:28,186
And then,
to her oldest daughter.
2269
02:30:40,698 --> 02:30:44,661
A good, loving family,
like a cat's cradle.
2270
02:30:53,753 --> 02:30:55,463
Humming
2271
02:30:55,547 --> 02:30:58,925
another loving family,
humming together.
2272
02:30:59,008 --> 02:31:02,554
Two hands, picking,
a girl's and a man's,
2273
02:31:02,637 --> 02:31:04,973
as if they're the one person.
2274
02:31:05,056 --> 02:31:06,683
Tilt up.
2275
02:31:06,766 --> 02:31:09,727
They hum
2276
02:31:11,104 --> 02:31:14,023
they live in the forest,
away from modern life,
2277
02:31:14,107 --> 02:31:16,150
this girl and her dad.
2278
02:31:17,610 --> 02:31:19,362
They're like fish in water.
2279
02:31:20,572 --> 02:31:21,990
Thank you.
2280
02:31:24,576 --> 02:31:25,952
Whittling.
2281
02:31:26,035 --> 02:31:28,997
Dad, this wood is really good
for feathering.
2282
02:31:33,668 --> 02:31:35,545
That's really nice work.
2283
02:31:35,628 --> 02:31:37,714
Narrator: Working together.
2284
02:31:37,797 --> 02:31:39,549
They own little.
2285
02:31:39,632 --> 02:31:44,345
They survive in secret,
but in Harmony, here in Oregon.
2286
02:31:46,306 --> 02:31:51,311
Soon, we learn that he fought
in Iraq and has PTSD.
2287
02:31:54,022 --> 02:31:57,984
In trying to live this way,
they are playing with fire.
2288
02:32:02,822 --> 02:32:05,575
Man blows gently
2289
02:32:05,658 --> 02:32:10,997
a film as generous and precise
as a Dolly Parton song.
2290
02:32:21,758 --> 02:32:25,094
This section of our film,
about who we are,
2291
02:32:25,178 --> 02:32:28,556
about how recent cinema
has looked inside us,
2292
02:32:28,640 --> 02:32:30,600
began in Romania.
2293
02:32:30,683 --> 02:32:34,020
Then, we went to america,
Korea, Africa,
2294
02:32:34,103 --> 02:32:36,105
Japan and Russia.
2295
02:32:36,189 --> 02:32:39,233
With each move,
the picture lightened.
2296
02:32:39,317 --> 02:32:41,653
Optimism entered the frame.
2297
02:32:44,322 --> 02:32:48,743
Now, we're in Italy
in a film set in the 1970s.
2298
02:32:50,203 --> 02:32:53,247
An old-fashioned farm,
a thunderstorm.
2299
02:32:53,331 --> 02:32:58,461
A kindly young man, who always
does what people ask, lazzaro,
2300
02:32:58,544 --> 02:33:01,422
stands in the rain, oblivious,
2301
02:33:01,506 --> 02:33:03,341
like the geese.
2302
02:33:03,424 --> 02:33:05,718
A panic to take in the corn.
2303
02:33:05,802 --> 02:33:10,473
We see the round edges of
the image, like an old photo.
2304
02:33:12,016 --> 02:33:14,602
Two girls try to get lazzaro
to shelter,
2305
02:33:14,686 --> 02:33:17,313
but he seems in another world.
2306
02:33:26,114 --> 02:33:28,366
Then, this remarkable scene.
2307
02:33:28,449 --> 02:33:32,412
Hands touch him,
like he's sick or a Saint.
2308
02:33:32,495 --> 02:33:35,623
We've seen him bossed around,
but he doesn't complain.
2309
02:33:36,874 --> 02:33:38,543
Woman speaks Italian
2310
02:33:40,086 --> 02:33:42,922
in Alice rohnnacher's film,
2311
02:33:43,005 --> 02:33:45,007
he's the goodness in people.
2312
02:33:45,091 --> 02:33:46,759
A timeless thing,
2313
02:33:46,843 --> 02:33:49,887
literally so, as we see later.
2314
02:33:51,389 --> 02:33:54,100
He's frank-blank, in a way,
2315
02:33:54,183 --> 02:33:56,436
but purer and less troubled
2316
02:33:56,519 --> 02:33:58,813
than Michael fassbender's
character.
2317
02:33:58,896 --> 02:34:01,733
He's more like
Terence stamp's character
2318
02:34:01,816 --> 02:34:04,026
in pier paolo pasolini's
teorema -
2319
02:34:04,110 --> 02:34:06,529
a kind of visiting angel.
2320
02:34:16,164 --> 02:34:19,333
So, when we went to the movies
in the last decade,
2321
02:34:19,417 --> 02:34:22,920
we saw that we were racist,
haunted,
2322
02:34:23,004 --> 02:34:25,631
socially divided, mythic,
2323
02:34:25,715 --> 02:34:30,553
familial, inventive or angelic.
2324
02:34:30,636 --> 02:34:33,181
An upwards sliding scale.
2325
02:34:33,264 --> 02:34:36,225
Two more films took the question
2326
02:34:36,309 --> 02:34:39,562
of identity in cinema
further still.
2327
02:34:41,814 --> 02:34:43,483
Firstly, this one.
2328
02:34:43,566 --> 02:34:46,694
A trans woman, Marina, in Chile.
2329
02:34:46,778 --> 02:34:48,654
Her lover has died.
2330
02:34:48,738 --> 02:34:52,158
Society his disrespected her,
buffeted her,
2331
02:34:52,241 --> 02:34:56,662
blamed her.
We track as she walks alone.
2332
02:34:56,746 --> 02:35:00,541
The wind of change seems
to be getting stronger.
2333
02:35:00,625 --> 02:35:03,211
Music: Sposa son disprezzata
by geminiano giacomelli
2334
02:35:06,380 --> 02:35:07,799
and then, this.
2335
02:35:10,259 --> 02:35:13,596
Is the world tilting
on its axis?
2336
02:35:13,679 --> 02:35:17,266
Is her struggle invisibly
becoming more uphill?
2337
02:35:21,270 --> 02:35:24,232
Cold light on her face now.
2338
02:35:24,315 --> 02:35:28,653
A painful film, which seems
to be about her trans identity,
2339
02:35:28,736 --> 02:35:31,322
but is really about Chile's.
2340
02:35:33,574 --> 02:35:36,035
And Ava duvernay's documentary
2341
02:35:36,118 --> 02:35:39,413
about the 13th amendment
to the American constitution,
2342
02:35:39,497 --> 02:35:42,667
talks about another type
of transition.
2343
02:35:43,876 --> 02:35:46,337
She uses a montage of voices,
2344
02:35:46,420 --> 02:35:50,800
experts filmed in striking
settings, to tell her story.
2345
02:35:50,883 --> 02:35:55,513
How black people in america
were arrested,
2346
02:35:55,596 --> 02:35:57,682
and how they turned that
2347
02:35:57,765 --> 02:36:01,644
from a badge of shame
into pride.
2348
02:36:01,727 --> 02:36:03,938
Man: I think that one
of the most brilliant tactics
2349
02:36:04,021 --> 02:36:05,123
of the civil rights movement
2350
02:36:05,147 --> 02:36:07,650
was its transformation
of the notion of criminality.
2351
02:36:07,733 --> 02:36:09,110
Because for the first time,
2352
02:36:09,193 --> 02:36:11,028
being arrested was
a noble thing.
2353
02:36:13,197 --> 02:36:15,157
Being arrested by white people
2354
02:36:15,241 --> 02:36:16,868
was your worst nightmare.
2355
02:36:16,951 --> 02:36:19,704
Still is,
for many African-Americans.
2356
02:36:19,787 --> 02:36:23,332
So what they did, they
voluntarily defined a movement
2357
02:36:23,416 --> 02:36:26,210
around getting arrested.
They turned it on its head.
2358
02:36:30,047 --> 02:36:32,008
Man: If you look at the history
2359
02:36:32,091 --> 02:36:34,969
of black people's various
struggles in this country,
2360
02:36:35,052 --> 02:36:39,181
the connecting themes is
the attempt to be understood
2361
02:36:39,265 --> 02:36:41,517
as full, complicated
human beings.
2362
02:36:44,103 --> 02:36:47,273
We are something
other than this visceral image
2363
02:36:47,356 --> 02:36:49,817
of criminality and menace
and threat
2364
02:36:49,901 --> 02:36:51,861
to which people associate
with us.
2365
02:36:51,944 --> 02:36:54,280
Shouting and barking
2366
02:37:06,792 --> 02:37:09,170
Duvernay's film showed
what it's like
2367
02:37:09,253 --> 02:37:12,423
to be attacked, belittled,
invisible.
2368
02:37:12,506 --> 02:37:17,094
The Indian film ship of theseus
talked about disappearing
2369
02:37:17,178 --> 02:37:19,096
in a very different way.
2370
02:37:19,180 --> 02:37:22,850
A jain monk,
in a theatrical beam of light.
2371
02:37:22,934 --> 02:37:24,769
He's dying.
2372
02:37:24,852 --> 02:37:29,231
He has liver cirrhosis,
but refuses a transplant.
2373
02:37:29,315 --> 02:37:31,776
An acolyte visits.
2374
02:37:31,859 --> 02:37:33,819
Acolyte: I got you a gift.
2375
02:37:37,448 --> 02:37:38,824
Alphabets.
2376
02:37:38,908 --> 02:37:41,452
Narrator: In the first section
of the film,
2377
02:37:41,535 --> 02:37:43,955
a young woman with eye disease
2378
02:37:44,038 --> 02:37:47,166
had been given
an eye transplant.
2379
02:37:47,249 --> 02:37:51,796
The young guy in this section
reads from the book,
2380
02:37:51,879 --> 02:37:53,464
and we begin to realise
2381
02:37:53,547 --> 02:37:57,593
that transplanting is the theme
of the film.
2382
02:37:57,677 --> 02:38:01,597
The movie's title,
ship of theseus,
2383
02:38:01,681 --> 02:38:04,475
refers to a thought experiment.
2384
02:38:04,558 --> 02:38:09,647
If, bit by bit, the timbers
of an old ship are replaced,
2385
02:38:09,730 --> 02:38:13,359
until none of the original
material remains,
2386
02:38:13,442 --> 02:38:16,278
is it still the same ship?
2387
02:38:16,362 --> 02:38:18,948
Or has it a new identity?
2388
02:38:26,205 --> 02:38:28,124
It gives me some kicks, though,
2389
02:38:28,207 --> 02:38:31,585
to know that a part of me was
a part of an animal once.
2390
02:38:31,669 --> 02:38:36,048
A flame, a star,
a part will become mineral,
2391
02:38:36,132 --> 02:38:39,218
grow in a plant, sprout in
a fruit, get pecked by a bird.
2392
02:38:41,012 --> 02:38:45,182
Every atom of my body will be
recycled by the universe.
2393
02:38:45,266 --> 02:38:48,394
You think you're a person,
but you are a colony,
2394
02:38:48,477 --> 02:38:51,647
a microcosm, which has
ten times more bacteria
2395
02:38:51,731 --> 02:38:54,316
in its body than does
human cells.
2396
02:38:58,404 --> 02:39:01,365
Have we changed
beyond recognition?
2397
02:39:03,451 --> 02:39:06,328
Did the emptiness
that came in 2020,
2398
02:39:06,412 --> 02:39:09,540
the deserted streets,
underpasses, airports,
2399
02:39:09,623 --> 02:39:11,625
change things?
2400
02:39:13,461 --> 02:39:16,297
We watched far more movies
under lockdown.
2401
02:39:16,380 --> 02:39:18,382
More romcoms, more Netflix,
2402
02:39:18,466 --> 02:39:20,634
more tcm or Amazon prime,
2403
02:39:20,718 --> 02:39:23,012
or national broadcasters,
or other streamers,
2404
02:39:23,095 --> 02:39:25,514
and more classic films we love.
2405
02:39:26,932 --> 02:39:29,351
And maybe some films
that extended
2406
02:39:29,435 --> 02:39:31,604
the language of cinema, too.
2407
02:39:31,687 --> 02:39:34,231
And when public life returned,
2408
02:39:34,315 --> 02:39:36,901
we marched to the movies again.
2409
02:39:36,984 --> 02:39:40,112
We couldn't wait to see
things bigger than life.
2410
02:39:40,196 --> 02:39:43,741
Shots and cuts,
innovation and desire.
2411
02:39:46,077 --> 02:39:50,498
After wearing those face masks,
cinema looked different.
2412
02:39:53,542 --> 02:39:57,546
Social distancing seemed
to electrify space...
2413
02:40:01,258 --> 02:40:02,968
As if it was a tracking shot...
2414
02:40:05,513 --> 02:40:06,847
A travelling shot.
2415
02:40:16,899 --> 02:40:18,150
Like this one.
2416
02:40:23,364 --> 02:40:25,908
We tried to look at life anew,
2417
02:40:25,991 --> 02:40:28,244
in someone else's arms.
2418
02:40:28,327 --> 02:40:31,080
Movies helped us see again.
2419
02:40:31,163 --> 02:40:35,501
Cities, nights, movement,
fleeting love.
2420
02:40:39,964 --> 02:40:42,383
We remembered
the excitement of movies
2421
02:40:42,466 --> 02:40:44,593
from the last 13 decades...
2422
02:40:46,262 --> 02:40:48,097
In scenes like this.
2423
02:40:50,015 --> 02:40:52,893
Swing. A cartoon magazine frame.
2424
02:40:52,977 --> 02:40:55,271
Three characters
from three worlds.
2425
02:40:55,354 --> 02:40:57,439
Spider-ham: Did that feel
like a cartoon?
2426
02:40:57,523 --> 02:40:59,483
Spider-ham blows raspberry
2427
02:41:02,027 --> 02:41:06,699
a moment of slowness, manga,
then acid colours.
2428
02:41:08,534 --> 02:41:10,744
They grunt
2429
02:41:10,828 --> 02:41:12,371
Gwen!
2430
02:41:12,454 --> 02:41:14,540
Narrator: Will the image
peel apart?
2431
02:41:15,791 --> 02:41:20,129
Trains, buildings, cars.
A New York City acid soup.
2432
02:41:21,547 --> 02:41:24,049
- I like your suit.
- Thanks, I made it myself.
2433
02:41:24,133 --> 02:41:26,427
Then, a world of dots.
2434
02:41:26,510 --> 02:41:29,096
Inventiveness too fast to clock.
2435
02:41:31,932 --> 02:41:34,226
So we're swirled, spun.
2436
02:41:41,775 --> 02:41:43,944
Buckle up, guys.
This is going to take a while.
2437
02:41:44,028 --> 02:41:46,280
Maniacal laughter
2438
02:41:46,363 --> 02:41:47,740
horn blares
2439
02:41:47,823 --> 02:41:50,951
all right, never mind.
Let's end this thing.
2440
02:41:51,035 --> 02:41:53,746
Spider-man:
Into the spider-verse
2441
02:41:53,829 --> 02:41:57,541
was cinema on the rinse cycle,
the spin cycle.
2442
02:41:59,418 --> 02:42:01,837
But then, we come across
a new cinema,
2443
02:42:01,921 --> 02:42:04,632
a cinema like this one
in New York,
2444
02:42:04,715 --> 02:42:10,095
and we hope that the cultural
pessimists are wrong.
2445
02:42:10,179 --> 02:42:12,932
Even when times are tough,
2446
02:42:13,015 --> 02:42:15,226
especially when times are tough,
2447
02:42:15,309 --> 02:42:18,354
we'll want to go
into the spider-verse.
2448
02:42:20,731 --> 02:42:22,233
In the last decade,
2449
02:42:22,316 --> 02:42:24,818
the spider-verse, cinema,
has grown.
2450
02:42:24,902 --> 02:42:27,029
More people are making movies,
2451
02:42:27,112 --> 02:42:30,449
more types of people,
with more points of view.
2452
02:42:30,532 --> 02:42:33,118
These are our habitats,
2453
02:42:33,202 --> 02:42:35,663
we creatures of the dark.
2454
02:42:35,746 --> 02:42:39,166
These are the places
where our lives are relit...
2455
02:42:41,043 --> 02:42:43,796
Where we see fantasy
and feel fear...
2456
02:42:45,965 --> 02:42:48,425
Where we come across the movies.
2457
02:42:50,552 --> 02:42:52,513
Voyeurism, framed.
2458
02:42:58,602 --> 02:43:04,275
As in holy motors, cinema,
the thing we love, is close by.
2459
02:43:04,358 --> 02:43:06,860
It's the room next door.
2460
02:43:06,944 --> 02:43:09,405
And in that room, it's Saturday,
2461
02:43:09,488 --> 02:43:11,282
always Saturday.
2462
02:43:17,621 --> 02:43:19,999
Cemetery of splendour again.
2463
02:43:20,082 --> 02:43:23,502
The soldier and the caring lady
have just woken up.
2464
02:43:23,585 --> 02:43:25,838
The coloured light still glows.
2465
02:43:36,223 --> 02:43:38,017
And his breathing.
2466
02:43:47,901 --> 02:43:49,778
The light goes blue.
2467
02:44:12,176 --> 02:44:14,762
What have we been digging for?
2468
02:44:29,485 --> 02:44:31,195
What are they looking at?
2469
02:44:31,278 --> 02:44:33,030
How do they see the world?
2470
02:44:37,659 --> 02:44:41,455
They're the audience of
the next decade, and the next.
2471
02:44:48,337 --> 02:44:50,756
And maybe the film-makers, too.
2472
02:45:25,624 --> 02:45:28,836
Music: Rebuild by Jordan gagne
171362
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