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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:01,695 Fire. 2 00:00:01,696 --> 00:00:04,655 (torpedo launching) 3 00:00:04,656 --> 00:00:06,197 (tense suspenseful music) 4 00:00:06,198 --> 00:00:08,489 (ship exploding) 5 00:00:08,490 --> 00:00:10,409 Dönitz's fleet is expanding 6 00:00:10,410 --> 00:00:13,049 and he will not rest until he sent every convoy ship 7 00:00:13,050 --> 00:00:15,539 to the bottom of the north Atlanta. 8 00:00:15,540 --> 00:00:16,590 Hail Hitler. 9 00:00:17,400 --> 00:00:21,089 Dönitz has 300 U-boats monster wolf packs. 10 00:00:21,090 --> 00:00:22,653 We need more ships. 11 00:00:24,000 --> 00:00:26,939 You admirals are always asking for more and more ships. 12 00:00:26,940 --> 00:00:29,999 And when you get them, things get no better. 13 00:00:30,000 --> 00:00:33,000 (suspenseful music) 14 00:00:34,830 --> 00:00:38,159 This is war, not a bloody board game. 15 00:00:38,160 --> 00:00:41,009 We have designed these tactics as tools, 16 00:00:41,010 --> 00:00:43,739 which will save you time when you are at sea. 17 00:00:43,740 --> 00:00:45,963 Seconds, that can save lives. 18 00:00:48,030 --> 00:00:49,983 I want this convoy wiped out, God. 19 00:00:51,660 --> 00:00:52,710 Destroyed. 20 00:00:56,160 --> 00:01:00,934 What if, what if we don't prevail out there? 21 00:01:00,935 --> 00:01:04,768 (suspenseful music continues) 22 00:01:06,210 --> 00:01:08,789 I need results, Scott. 23 00:01:08,790 --> 00:01:11,639 And ladies, remember the work we are doing here 24 00:01:11,640 --> 00:01:13,889 is more important than ever. 25 00:01:13,890 --> 00:01:15,563 Never forget that. 26 00:01:15,564 --> 00:01:17,965 (tense suspenseful music) 27 00:01:17,966 --> 00:01:19,085 (ship exploding) 28 00:01:19,086 --> 00:01:21,509 But there's going to be an unconditional surrender, 29 00:01:21,510 --> 00:01:23,980 it will be theirs, not ours. 30 00:01:23,981 --> 00:01:26,907 (tense suspenseful music) 31 00:01:26,908 --> 00:01:29,575 (sonar beeping) 32 00:01:38,730 --> 00:01:41,999 Admiral Karl Dönitz, head of the U-boat fleet 33 00:01:42,000 --> 00:01:44,759 and rising star of the Nazi party 34 00:01:44,760 --> 00:01:46,697 has been summoned by Hitler. 35 00:01:47,777 --> 00:01:51,277 (tense suspenseful music) 36 00:01:58,330 --> 00:02:00,997 (phone ringing) 37 00:02:03,898 --> 00:02:06,815 (hanging up phone) 38 00:02:14,251 --> 00:02:16,834 (door opening) 39 00:02:24,229 --> 00:02:27,299 Dönitz was a dedicated Nazi. 40 00:02:27,300 --> 00:02:29,909 He was with a Nazi course. 41 00:02:29,910 --> 00:02:31,739 He believed in the Führer, 42 00:02:31,740 --> 00:02:32,650 he loved the Führer, 43 00:02:32,651 --> 00:02:34,309 he admired the Führer. 44 00:02:34,310 --> 00:02:36,652 He said the Führer is a genius. 45 00:02:36,653 --> 00:02:40,049 (Dönitz coughing) 46 00:02:40,050 --> 00:02:41,100 Hail Hitler. 47 00:02:44,130 --> 00:02:47,699 After failing to stop the convoys using surface ships, 48 00:02:47,700 --> 00:02:50,613 the head of the German Navy has resigned. 49 00:02:51,540 --> 00:02:55,739 And Dönitz is waiting in the wings to take his place. 50 00:02:55,740 --> 00:02:58,079 He's absolutely thrilled. 51 00:02:58,080 --> 00:02:59,229 I wont let you down. 52 00:02:59,230 --> 00:03:03,419 Because having nursed these ideas and ambitions of winning 53 00:03:03,420 --> 00:03:05,279 the Atlantic war with U-boats, 54 00:03:05,280 --> 00:03:07,473 he's all of a sudden in control. 55 00:03:08,175 --> 00:03:10,259 (shoulder patting) 56 00:03:10,260 --> 00:03:12,179 And so from January, 1943, 57 00:03:12,180 --> 00:03:15,213 he feels that he's invincible and unstoppable. 58 00:03:16,415 --> 00:03:17,879 (keyboard typing) 59 00:03:17,880 --> 00:03:19,547 That WATU, 60 00:03:19,548 --> 00:03:22,139 the Western approaches tactical unit, 61 00:03:22,140 --> 00:03:25,379 Captain Gilbert Roberts and Wren Jean Laidlaw , 62 00:03:25,380 --> 00:03:29,669 a task with the devising anti-U-boat tactics. 63 00:03:29,670 --> 00:03:31,139 Churchill always said that. 64 00:03:31,140 --> 00:03:33,149 One of the things that he most feared in the war 65 00:03:33,150 --> 00:03:36,149 was the Atlantic war, was the U-boat war 66 00:03:36,150 --> 00:03:38,189 Roberts and Laidlaw at WATU 67 00:03:38,190 --> 00:03:40,817 feel this pressure enormously. 68 00:03:40,818 --> 00:03:42,569 (inspiring music) 69 00:03:42,570 --> 00:03:46,949 Ladies, I'm not gonna sugar coat this. 70 00:03:46,950 --> 00:03:48,873 We need food supplies. 71 00:03:50,160 --> 00:03:52,109 Dönitz's fleet is expanding 72 00:03:52,110 --> 00:03:54,719 and he will not rest until he sent every convey ship 73 00:03:54,720 --> 00:03:57,059 to the bottom of the north Atlantic. 74 00:03:57,060 --> 00:03:58,739 And ladies remember 75 00:03:58,740 --> 00:04:02,249 the work we are doing here is more important than ever. 76 00:04:02,250 --> 00:04:05,189 And every one of you plays an essential part, 77 00:04:05,190 --> 00:04:06,273 never forget that. 78 00:04:07,290 --> 00:04:09,479 All of us it's our job to prove 79 00:04:09,480 --> 00:04:11,909 that these tactics work, 80 00:04:11,910 --> 00:04:13,314 to teach these officers, 81 00:04:13,315 --> 00:04:15,816 ah. 82 00:04:15,817 --> 00:04:17,219 You too, here. 83 00:04:17,220 --> 00:04:18,569 Good morning gentlemen. 84 00:04:18,570 --> 00:04:21,959 Officers attending the WATU war gaming courses, 85 00:04:21,960 --> 00:04:25,052 learn the tactics they will use at sea. 86 00:04:25,053 --> 00:04:26,879 WATU now starts to give 87 00:04:26,880 --> 00:04:28,799 these courses to many, many people. 88 00:04:28,800 --> 00:04:32,429 They run from Monday till Saturday, every single week, 89 00:04:32,430 --> 00:04:36,089 day in day out from February, 1942. 90 00:04:36,090 --> 00:04:37,559 Until the end of the war. 91 00:04:37,560 --> 00:04:40,829 Below you is the north Atlantic. 92 00:04:40,830 --> 00:04:43,379 Each line marks a mile. 93 00:04:43,380 --> 00:04:45,389 The U-boats will be invisible to you 94 00:04:45,390 --> 00:04:47,673 as they would be in normal conditions at sea. 95 00:04:48,660 --> 00:04:51,420 If you could take your places behind the screens please. 96 00:04:53,487 --> 00:04:56,609 (suspenseful music) 97 00:04:56,610 --> 00:04:58,923 You have two minutes for your first move. 98 00:04:59,880 --> 00:05:03,543 Be decisive, communicate effectively, 99 00:05:07,008 --> 00:05:08,058 go. 100 00:05:09,660 --> 00:05:11,699 war gaming has been used for centuries 101 00:05:11,700 --> 00:05:15,003 to test how armies might operate in a future war. 102 00:05:15,870 --> 00:05:19,889 It is the only way to explore how an enemy might think 103 00:05:19,890 --> 00:05:22,859 without actually fighting a battle with them. 104 00:05:22,860 --> 00:05:25,289 New German reactions were explored. 105 00:05:25,290 --> 00:05:28,409 They were then introduced into the training process, 106 00:05:28,410 --> 00:05:31,169 so that in the battle space, in the Atlantic, 107 00:05:31,170 --> 00:05:33,723 when an order was given, everybody knew what to do. 108 00:05:35,340 --> 00:05:36,989 This is not a game. 109 00:05:36,990 --> 00:05:39,262 This is training for war. 110 00:05:39,263 --> 00:05:42,263 (suspenseful music) 111 00:05:44,010 --> 00:05:45,060 Time. 112 00:05:45,716 --> 00:05:47,639 (birds chirping) 113 00:05:47,640 --> 00:05:50,129 What scarce food supplies do get past 114 00:05:50,130 --> 00:05:52,289 the U-boats in the north Atlantic 115 00:05:52,290 --> 00:05:55,169 are spread thinly around the British aisles 116 00:05:55,170 --> 00:05:56,883 and Soviet territories. 117 00:05:57,481 --> 00:05:59,369 Good morning. 118 00:05:59,370 --> 00:06:00,269 Morning, sir. 119 00:06:00,270 --> 00:06:03,089 Rationing hit Britain incredibly hard. 120 00:06:03,090 --> 00:06:07,289 In 1943 you're allowed four ounces of bacon a week, 121 00:06:07,290 --> 00:06:09,869 two ounces of butter, this is a very smaller lap, 122 00:06:09,870 --> 00:06:13,259 one egg, one fresh egg a week. 123 00:06:13,260 --> 00:06:15,183 One sausage, one slice of toast. 124 00:06:16,290 --> 00:06:18,303 One egg, one slice of toast. 125 00:06:19,650 --> 00:06:22,709 together they make quite a decent breakfast. 126 00:06:22,710 --> 00:06:24,149 And we're the lucky ones. 127 00:06:24,150 --> 00:06:25,304 True. 128 00:06:25,305 --> 00:06:26,470 True. 129 00:06:26,471 --> 00:06:28,804 (sad music) 130 00:06:30,780 --> 00:06:31,830 I see the cues. 131 00:06:32,940 --> 00:06:34,990 Mother's having to say no all the time. 132 00:06:35,999 --> 00:06:38,582 (gentle music) 133 00:06:44,220 --> 00:06:47,148 You're not going to eat that, Gilbert. 134 00:06:47,149 --> 00:06:49,859 I don't think I want to. 135 00:06:49,860 --> 00:06:51,959 Gilbert Roberts, was cast out of the Navy 136 00:06:51,960 --> 00:06:54,029 because he had TB and his health 137 00:06:54,030 --> 00:06:57,419 has been an issue for him all through the war 138 00:06:57,420 --> 00:07:01,709 to the point where by the time 1943, 139 00:07:01,710 --> 00:07:04,109 his weight was down to eight stone 140 00:07:04,110 --> 00:07:07,589 and on a man that is dangerously underweight. 141 00:07:07,590 --> 00:07:09,209 You have to eat. 142 00:07:09,210 --> 00:07:11,793 I know I should, just can't find my appetite. 143 00:07:18,750 --> 00:07:20,789 They realize that every single day 144 00:07:20,790 --> 00:07:22,769 that they don't come up with a solution 145 00:07:22,770 --> 00:07:24,689 more and more ships are going down. 146 00:07:24,690 --> 00:07:26,789 Ships not only means material, 147 00:07:26,790 --> 00:07:29,373 it also means human lives are being lost. 148 00:07:30,224 --> 00:07:33,474 (gentle ominous music) 149 00:07:35,601 --> 00:07:38,159 (ship exploding) 150 00:07:38,160 --> 00:07:39,389 One of the victories 151 00:07:39,390 --> 00:07:41,819 by Dönitz's U-boat wolf packs 152 00:07:41,820 --> 00:07:44,669 comes in March of 1943. 153 00:07:44,670 --> 00:07:49,019 In Mid-Atlantic, there were nearly a hundred 154 00:07:49,020 --> 00:07:52,199 allied surface transports, 155 00:07:52,200 --> 00:07:54,059 what the U-boats might have called 156 00:07:54,060 --> 00:07:55,769 a target rich environment. 157 00:07:55,770 --> 00:07:59,819 And Dönitz vectored several wolf packs in their direction. 158 00:07:59,820 --> 00:08:02,563 And they had something of a field date. 159 00:08:02,564 --> 00:08:03,769 (suspenseful music) 160 00:08:03,770 --> 00:08:07,241 (torpedo exploding) 161 00:08:07,242 --> 00:08:09,992 (ship exploding) 162 00:08:11,430 --> 00:08:14,180 (ship exploding) 163 00:08:16,894 --> 00:08:19,589 (paper rattling) 164 00:08:19,590 --> 00:08:20,640 Another hit. 165 00:08:21,383 --> 00:08:25,143 Dönitz has 300 U-boats monster wolf packs. 166 00:08:26,220 --> 00:08:29,399 We have nowhere near enough escorts to match that. 167 00:08:29,400 --> 00:08:32,669 But Roberts and Halton will not be out gamed. 168 00:08:32,670 --> 00:08:34,379 The Wrens are set the task 169 00:08:34,380 --> 00:08:38,399 of war gaming the battle, In real time. 170 00:08:38,400 --> 00:08:41,039 They add extra naval support ships 171 00:08:41,040 --> 00:08:44,343 to assess how many merchant vessels could be saved. 172 00:08:45,379 --> 00:08:48,209 (suspenseful music) 173 00:08:48,210 --> 00:08:51,153 Wren, what's the tonnage lost so far? 174 00:08:53,070 --> 00:08:54,963 What are you waiting for? Find out. 175 00:08:57,480 --> 00:08:58,769 These two convoys, 176 00:08:58,770 --> 00:09:03,770 traveling in tandem lost 22 ships to U-boat attack, 177 00:09:04,620 --> 00:09:07,679 that's over 300 lives. 178 00:09:07,680 --> 00:09:10,049 All of these men struggling desperately 179 00:09:10,050 --> 00:09:12,929 to get outta the boats before they slip underwater, 180 00:09:12,930 --> 00:09:15,299 these boats go down in seconds. 181 00:09:15,300 --> 00:09:18,869 Not only was it a devastating loss to the war effort, 182 00:09:18,870 --> 00:09:22,323 but it was a tragic end to so many sea men's lives. 183 00:09:25,201 --> 00:09:27,929 If we had those support ships, 184 00:09:27,930 --> 00:09:30,179 we could have saved eight ships. 185 00:09:30,180 --> 00:09:32,939 As I've been telling the admiralty for months, 186 00:09:32,940 --> 00:09:34,949 I can't wait for them to make up their bloody minds, 187 00:09:34,950 --> 00:09:37,499 If you want something done, do it yourself. 188 00:09:37,500 --> 00:09:39,604 I'm gonna tell Churchill myself. 189 00:09:39,605 --> 00:09:43,004 (Halton Walking) 190 00:09:43,005 --> 00:09:45,588 (gentle music) 191 00:09:47,760 --> 00:09:48,850 There are times 192 00:09:51,660 --> 00:09:54,160 when I wonder is this how it's going to be for us, 193 00:09:55,890 --> 00:09:58,443 losses, defeats. 194 00:09:59,460 --> 00:10:01,199 Don't think like that. 195 00:10:01,200 --> 00:10:02,250 Give it time. 196 00:10:03,480 --> 00:10:04,530 We'll show them. 197 00:10:05,610 --> 00:10:06,660 We will. 198 00:10:08,250 --> 00:10:10,649 But there must be times when you think, 199 00:10:10,650 --> 00:10:15,650 What if, what if we don't prevail out there? 200 00:10:17,590 --> 00:10:21,899 Of course, everyone thinks about that from time to time, 201 00:10:21,900 --> 00:10:25,893 but we have to fight those thoughts. 202 00:10:27,000 --> 00:10:28,050 Believe me I do. 203 00:10:29,190 --> 00:10:31,240 The dark Knight of the soul and all that. 204 00:10:32,580 --> 00:10:35,343 Blood toil and sweat as Churchill said. 205 00:10:37,200 --> 00:10:40,774 And he also said we must, 206 00:10:40,775 --> 00:10:42,525 never surrender never surrender. 207 00:10:43,694 --> 00:10:46,694 (suspenseful music) 208 00:10:50,520 --> 00:10:54,573 We certainly realized that this was a serious war. 209 00:10:57,480 --> 00:11:02,429 And then Churchill was doing these inspiring broadcasts. 210 00:11:02,430 --> 00:11:05,129 So we had considerable confidence 211 00:11:05,130 --> 00:11:07,563 in how we were going to cope with it. 212 00:11:09,210 --> 00:11:10,919 We would fight them on the beaches 213 00:11:10,920 --> 00:11:13,619 and fight them on the landing grounds, 214 00:11:13,620 --> 00:11:15,209 never surrender. 215 00:11:15,210 --> 00:11:17,553 And that's the sort of way we felt really. 216 00:11:18,600 --> 00:11:20,629 (crowd chatting) 217 00:11:20,630 --> 00:11:23,297 (waves gushing) 218 00:11:26,910 --> 00:11:29,069 Despite his elevated rank, 219 00:11:29,070 --> 00:11:32,369 Karl Dönitz maintains direct contact 220 00:11:32,370 --> 00:11:35,549 with his U-boat fleet in the north Atlantic. 221 00:11:35,550 --> 00:11:38,729 He's now grand Admiral Dönitz, 222 00:11:38,730 --> 00:11:41,369 but first and foremost here's a submariner. 223 00:11:41,370 --> 00:11:43,709 Had he win the war at sea? 224 00:11:43,710 --> 00:11:47,939 You win it under the ocean with your U-boats, 225 00:11:47,940 --> 00:11:52,679 The sea war is the war of the U-boats. 226 00:11:52,680 --> 00:11:55,773 It is a massive problem for Western approaches. 227 00:11:58,200 --> 00:12:00,209 Following Dönitz's promotion, 228 00:12:00,210 --> 00:12:05,210 rear Admiral Eberhard Godt is now head of U-boat operations. 229 00:12:05,675 --> 00:12:08,519 (suspenseful music) 230 00:12:08,520 --> 00:12:09,933 This isn't Stalingrad, 231 00:12:10,890 --> 00:12:12,573 this isn't north Africa. 232 00:12:13,590 --> 00:12:15,753 in the north Atlantic, we win our battles. 233 00:12:18,480 --> 00:12:22,335 100 U-boats here, stalking the black pit 234 00:12:22,336 --> 00:12:25,949 (suspenseful music) 235 00:12:25,950 --> 00:12:27,573 100 being repaired, 236 00:12:29,370 --> 00:12:31,203 100 ready to be deployed. 237 00:12:34,620 --> 00:12:35,973 They don't stand a chance. 238 00:12:37,440 --> 00:12:39,540 They think they're going to invade France. 239 00:12:41,160 --> 00:12:44,433 How, how will they get their troops across. 240 00:12:46,680 --> 00:12:49,353 The sea war is the U-boat war. 241 00:12:50,376 --> 00:12:53,219 If there's going to be an unconditional surrender, 242 00:12:53,220 --> 00:12:56,038 it will be theirs, not ours. 243 00:12:56,039 --> 00:12:58,499 (tense suspenseful music) 244 00:12:58,500 --> 00:13:01,799 March, 1943 really was a very successful month 245 00:13:01,800 --> 00:13:02,849 for U-boat force 246 00:13:02,850 --> 00:13:05,879 and it looked like if it's really going on like 247 00:13:05,880 --> 00:13:09,629 that every month then maybe we really have the chance 248 00:13:09,630 --> 00:13:12,183 to bring Britain to her knees. 249 00:13:12,184 --> 00:13:16,017 (suspenseful music continues) 250 00:13:17,580 --> 00:13:20,639 Following the loss of over 300 lives 251 00:13:20,640 --> 00:13:22,229 in the March battles. 252 00:13:22,230 --> 00:13:25,473 Admiral Halton is determined to increase his fleet. 253 00:13:26,937 --> 00:13:28,949 Halton 254 00:13:28,950 --> 00:13:30,000 Prime Minister. 255 00:13:31,410 --> 00:13:32,460 Drink. 256 00:13:33,090 --> 00:13:34,140 No, thank you. 257 00:13:37,647 --> 00:13:40,480 (whiskey pouring) 258 00:13:44,790 --> 00:13:46,409 Prime minister. 259 00:13:46,410 --> 00:13:51,239 We war gamed a scenario with two convoys in March, 260 00:13:51,240 --> 00:13:54,029 we added three groups of support ships, 261 00:13:54,030 --> 00:13:56,043 rapid response units that. 262 00:13:58,590 --> 00:14:00,449 Halton has an ace up his sleeve 263 00:14:00,450 --> 00:14:03,359 and he can prove that the ships will make a difference 264 00:14:03,360 --> 00:14:05,219 cause he has the strategy, 265 00:14:05,220 --> 00:14:08,579 He has the war game that proves extra ships 266 00:14:08,580 --> 00:14:10,833 can turn the war around for Britain. 267 00:14:11,790 --> 00:14:14,103 22 Ships were lost in that battle. 268 00:14:15,780 --> 00:14:17,909 If we'd had the extra support ships, 269 00:14:17,910 --> 00:14:21,359 as I've been proposing to the admiralty for months, 270 00:14:21,360 --> 00:14:25,960 we could have saved eight ships, eight ships 271 00:14:28,830 --> 00:14:32,519 give me 15 destroyers and we will beat 272 00:14:32,520 --> 00:14:34,203 the subs at their own game. 273 00:14:35,100 --> 00:14:36,179 You admirals, 274 00:14:36,180 --> 00:14:39,149 you admirals were always asking for more and more ships, 275 00:14:39,150 --> 00:14:41,913 And when you get them, things get no better. 276 00:14:46,890 --> 00:14:50,579 But the war game does convince Churchill. 277 00:14:50,580 --> 00:14:52,049 By the end of the month, 278 00:14:52,050 --> 00:14:55,259 Halton is granted his extra 15 warships, 279 00:14:55,260 --> 00:14:58,630 which he forms into five rapid response units 280 00:15:00,480 --> 00:15:03,333 amongst them is the destroyer HMS Oribi. 281 00:15:04,920 --> 00:15:09,723 In April, 1943, it arrives in Belfast for repairs. 282 00:15:11,280 --> 00:15:14,189 A young Wren is watching from the plotting room 283 00:15:14,190 --> 00:15:16,614 in Belfast castle that day. 284 00:15:16,615 --> 00:15:18,814 (gentle uplifting music) 285 00:15:18,815 --> 00:15:21,449 HMS Oribi came in one day 286 00:15:21,450 --> 00:15:25,409 because she'd been so damaged during the storm. 287 00:15:25,410 --> 00:15:28,709 The first thing they did was to send a message 288 00:15:28,710 --> 00:15:32,103 to say, send us half a dozen Wren's down to have a drink. 289 00:15:34,770 --> 00:15:39,482 So half a dozen us went down to the Oribi to have a drink. 290 00:15:39,483 --> 00:15:41,816 And that's how it all began. 291 00:15:43,055 --> 00:15:45,599 The 22 year old Christian is about 292 00:15:45,600 --> 00:15:49,379 to meet someone who will change her life forever 293 00:15:49,380 --> 00:15:52,799 and involve her in one of the most ferocious battles 294 00:15:52,800 --> 00:15:54,123 of the north Atlantic. 295 00:15:55,403 --> 00:15:58,153 (bomb exploding) 296 00:15:59,404 --> 00:16:01,987 (gentle music) 297 00:16:07,045 --> 00:16:09,545 Another three depth charges. 298 00:16:10,530 --> 00:16:14,249 He'd already used every single depth charge on his ship. 299 00:16:14,250 --> 00:16:17,663 Where did he think he was getting another three from. 300 00:16:17,664 --> 00:16:18,659 (Jean sighing) 301 00:16:18,660 --> 00:16:22,409 thankfully they can make their mistakes here and not at sea. 302 00:16:22,410 --> 00:16:23,460 Hmm. 303 00:16:25,170 --> 00:16:26,629 Could I ask you something? 304 00:16:26,630 --> 00:16:28,113 Do you think, I mean, 305 00:16:29,460 --> 00:16:31,113 should I talk more slowly? 306 00:16:32,280 --> 00:16:34,829 Or more quietly, I just need to boom somewhat, 307 00:16:34,830 --> 00:16:35,880 Wouldn't you say. 308 00:16:36,690 --> 00:16:39,329 At times, perhaps. 309 00:16:39,330 --> 00:16:41,129 In Robert's early lectures, 310 00:16:41,130 --> 00:16:43,439 it was remarked upon that some of his speeches 311 00:16:43,440 --> 00:16:45,299 were garbled or unclear. 312 00:16:45,300 --> 00:16:47,279 His solution is brilliant. 313 00:16:47,280 --> 00:16:48,479 He goes to Liverpool theater 314 00:16:48,480 --> 00:16:50,283 where Tommy Handley is performing. 315 00:16:50,491 --> 00:16:52,409 Now go on buzz off, 316 00:16:52,410 --> 00:16:54,817 fit your fishing rod with a sausage and catch a tickler , 317 00:16:54,818 --> 00:16:55,650 A tickler? 318 00:16:55,651 --> 00:16:57,149 Yes an Adolf tickler 319 00:16:57,150 --> 00:16:59,969 Tommy Handley had a satirical radio show, 320 00:16:59,970 --> 00:17:02,309 which took the mick out of Hitler, 321 00:17:02,310 --> 00:17:05,249 which of course allowed him to teach Roberts, 322 00:17:05,250 --> 00:17:07,019 these little references he could put 323 00:17:07,020 --> 00:17:10,919 into his talks to make them more interesting and engaging. 324 00:17:10,920 --> 00:17:13,289 Yeah, I would like to get this thing right. 325 00:17:13,290 --> 00:17:15,779 Get the message through, 326 00:17:15,780 --> 00:17:17,309 make them understand how important it is 327 00:17:17,310 --> 00:17:18,209 when they're out there. 328 00:17:18,210 --> 00:17:20,367 I think they do understand that. 329 00:17:20,368 --> 00:17:23,159 You know how I like to send them on their way 330 00:17:23,160 --> 00:17:24,933 with a memorable line. 331 00:17:25,920 --> 00:17:27,419 To encourage. 332 00:17:27,420 --> 00:17:29,120 I want to know I'm doing it right. 333 00:17:30,546 --> 00:17:31,683 The prime minister. 334 00:17:32,640 --> 00:17:35,369 He's rather fond of pauses. 335 00:17:35,370 --> 00:17:36,329 Yes. 336 00:17:36,330 --> 00:17:37,949 Hmm. 337 00:17:37,950 --> 00:17:39,000 Very well. 338 00:17:40,770 --> 00:17:42,449 Would you mind listening? 339 00:17:42,450 --> 00:17:43,829 Of course. 340 00:17:43,830 --> 00:17:47,247 (bright uplifting music) 341 00:17:52,318 --> 00:17:54,467 The battle of the Atlantic. 342 00:17:57,690 --> 00:17:59,587 The battle for the Atlantic. 343 00:18:00,730 --> 00:18:01,949 The WATO course 344 00:18:01,950 --> 00:18:05,639 is teaching communications and coordination. 345 00:18:05,640 --> 00:18:07,979 What it's doing, it's enabling the escorts 346 00:18:07,980 --> 00:18:10,349 to work together more efficiently, 347 00:18:10,350 --> 00:18:13,923 to communicate more clearly and to trust each other better. 348 00:18:15,420 --> 00:18:17,729 Escort commander, Peter Gretton 349 00:18:17,730 --> 00:18:21,419 is a firm believer in the WATU courses. 350 00:18:21,420 --> 00:18:23,609 Gretton was an exceptional officer 351 00:18:23,610 --> 00:18:25,079 and clearly one of the bright lights 352 00:18:25,080 --> 00:18:26,969 in one of the great escort captains 353 00:18:26,970 --> 00:18:29,583 and any submarine captains of the second world war. 354 00:18:30,790 --> 00:18:33,957 (bright lively music) 355 00:18:34,920 --> 00:18:39,479 If you had used half raspberry, rather than raspberry, 356 00:18:39,480 --> 00:18:40,930 this would not have happened. 357 00:18:42,330 --> 00:18:43,580 Have I made myself clear. 358 00:18:47,340 --> 00:18:49,019 Half raspberry? 359 00:18:49,020 --> 00:18:50,159 aye aye, sir. 360 00:18:50,160 --> 00:18:51,489 An error made in a war game. 361 00:18:51,490 --> 00:18:52,322 Good 362 00:18:52,323 --> 00:18:55,829 can often give you greater insight than complete success. 363 00:18:55,830 --> 00:18:58,859 If everything runs smoothly and everything works, 364 00:18:58,860 --> 00:19:00,569 What have you learned? 365 00:19:00,570 --> 00:19:03,389 We have designed these tactics as tools, 366 00:19:03,390 --> 00:19:05,823 which will save you time when you are at sea, 367 00:19:06,960 --> 00:19:11,960 time that is crucial, seconds that can save lives, 368 00:19:13,084 --> 00:19:16,667 (gentle suspenseful music) 369 00:19:18,930 --> 00:19:19,980 Sir. 370 00:19:21,497 --> 00:19:25,914 (gentle suspenseful music continues) 371 00:19:27,511 --> 00:19:32,051 The battle of the Atlantic is unlike any other. 372 00:19:32,052 --> 00:19:36,089 It is the war of the little ships and the lonely aircraft 373 00:19:36,090 --> 00:19:39,813 long patient and unpublicized, 374 00:19:40,920 --> 00:19:43,323 against our two great enemies, 375 00:19:44,811 --> 00:19:48,723 the U-boat and the cruel sea. 376 00:19:51,510 --> 00:19:52,560 Good luck. 377 00:19:53,970 --> 00:19:55,020 And God speed. 378 00:19:55,800 --> 00:19:58,379 One of the most important convoy battles 379 00:19:58,380 --> 00:19:59,849 of the entire battle of the Atlantic 380 00:19:59,850 --> 00:20:02,181 and for that matter of the entire war. 381 00:20:02,182 --> 00:20:05,667 Was ONS five. 382 00:20:05,668 --> 00:20:09,329 (gentle piano music) 383 00:20:09,330 --> 00:20:12,389 Dönitz decided that he wanted to annihilate 384 00:20:12,390 --> 00:20:14,549 this convoy entirely Gentlemen, 385 00:20:14,550 --> 00:20:16,469 To demonstrate to the allies 386 00:20:16,470 --> 00:20:19,199 that they could not venture onto this ocean, 387 00:20:19,200 --> 00:20:23,519 that, that convoy could lose every ship in it. 388 00:20:23,520 --> 00:20:24,570 So, 389 00:20:26,570 --> 00:20:27,723 ONS five. 390 00:20:29,880 --> 00:20:33,483 It's one of the largest single convoys ever undertaken. 391 00:20:34,470 --> 00:20:37,923 43 ships bound for Halifax. 392 00:20:39,000 --> 00:20:41,009 on its return it'll be carrying tons 393 00:20:41,010 --> 00:20:43,589 of vital food and raw materials. 394 00:20:43,590 --> 00:20:45,990 If you have something to say, man, say it to me. 395 00:20:49,980 --> 00:20:51,899 We will be taking the north route, 396 00:20:51,900 --> 00:20:56,900 Northwest to 61 degrees, 45 north, 29, 11 west, 397 00:20:57,150 --> 00:21:00,539 east of Covington, here and then South west along 398 00:21:00,540 --> 00:21:02,160 the great banks of Newfoundland. 399 00:21:03,330 --> 00:21:05,463 I know, I know, ice. 400 00:21:05,611 --> 00:21:07,709 It's a risk. 401 00:21:07,710 --> 00:21:09,119 Yes. 402 00:21:09,120 --> 00:21:11,579 Pack ice more so than bergs. 403 00:21:11,580 --> 00:21:13,863 It can slow us down, damage ships, 404 00:21:15,030 --> 00:21:17,039 but what would you rather have 405 00:21:17,040 --> 00:21:20,546 ice or more time in the black pit? 406 00:21:20,547 --> 00:21:23,099 (tense music) 407 00:21:23,100 --> 00:21:26,639 The Atlantic air gap known as the black pit 408 00:21:26,640 --> 00:21:29,219 is so far from any air bases, 409 00:21:29,220 --> 00:21:32,793 the convoys traveling through it, have no air support. 410 00:21:34,920 --> 00:21:36,770 As you know, we're on our own here. 411 00:21:37,920 --> 00:21:40,139 This is where the wolf packs prowl, 412 00:21:40,140 --> 00:21:45,089 they'll shadow us, they'll attack at night. 413 00:21:45,090 --> 00:21:46,140 That's their MO. 414 00:21:47,040 --> 00:21:48,449 There is some good news. 415 00:21:48,450 --> 00:21:50,639 A number of long-range aircraft have been allocated 416 00:21:50,640 --> 00:21:53,699 to the convoys, but the weather is bad out there. 417 00:21:53,700 --> 00:21:56,309 Not even the VLR can fly in those winds. 418 00:21:56,310 --> 00:21:59,759 If they could, there's a very small area here, 419 00:21:59,760 --> 00:22:03,749 even they can't reach, we must have our wits about us. 420 00:22:03,750 --> 00:22:06,599 The WATU tactics, raspberry, half raspberry artichoke, 421 00:22:06,600 --> 00:22:08,219 all of them, drill them in, 422 00:22:08,220 --> 00:22:09,389 Know them like the back of your hand, 423 00:22:09,390 --> 00:22:11,253 because out there we will need them. 424 00:22:12,420 --> 00:22:13,470 So, 425 00:22:14,340 --> 00:22:15,390 observant. 426 00:22:16,590 --> 00:22:17,670 What's the formation. 427 00:22:18,949 --> 00:22:20,369 He was pretty hard driver. 428 00:22:20,370 --> 00:22:23,249 He could be quite clipped and quite sharp, 429 00:22:23,250 --> 00:22:24,959 even dealing with a young graduate student, 430 00:22:24,960 --> 00:22:26,369 asking him questions. 431 00:22:26,370 --> 00:22:27,783 Why don't you know, this? 432 00:22:28,740 --> 00:22:31,803 It should be second nature by now, sharpen up man. 433 00:22:36,768 --> 00:22:40,518 (gentle inspirational music) 434 00:22:41,666 --> 00:22:44,333 (book flipping) 435 00:22:45,240 --> 00:22:47,759 At the drinks party on HMS Oribi, 436 00:22:47,760 --> 00:22:52,169 Christian Holdem meets first lieutenant, John Lamb. 437 00:22:52,170 --> 00:22:54,209 One of the things that I liked about him 438 00:22:54,210 --> 00:22:55,799 was his sense of humor. 439 00:22:55,800 --> 00:22:58,619 As we found a lot of things funny, 440 00:22:58,620 --> 00:23:00,573 which a lot of people don't file funny. 441 00:23:02,100 --> 00:23:05,189 John and I got engaged after 10 days. 442 00:23:05,190 --> 00:23:07,679 And of course we were only visiting each other 443 00:23:07,680 --> 00:23:12,209 part of the day wasn't like 10 days in a hotel or something. 444 00:23:12,210 --> 00:23:14,939 It was just enough for us to realize 445 00:23:14,940 --> 00:23:17,193 that we liked each other enough. 446 00:23:21,060 --> 00:23:23,909 The feelings of the newly engaged couple 447 00:23:23,910 --> 00:23:26,433 are about to be tested to their very limit. 448 00:23:28,041 --> 00:23:31,049 (gentle apprehensive music) 449 00:23:31,050 --> 00:23:33,719 On April the 22nd of the coast 450 00:23:33,720 --> 00:23:37,739 of Scotland ONS five assembles, 451 00:23:37,740 --> 00:23:41,373 43 merchant vessels and seven escorts. 452 00:23:42,720 --> 00:23:47,654 In formation it covers over eight and half miles. 453 00:23:47,655 --> 00:23:51,749 (gentle apprehensive music continues) 454 00:23:51,750 --> 00:23:54,604 With annihilation as their goal, 455 00:23:54,605 --> 00:23:58,589 Dönitz and Godt reconfigure their wolf packs. 456 00:23:58,590 --> 00:24:00,809 Dönitz laid out the north Atlantic 457 00:24:00,810 --> 00:24:05,039 into a series of squares so that he could indicate 458 00:24:05,040 --> 00:24:06,869 to the U-boats in the Atlantic, 459 00:24:06,870 --> 00:24:10,413 which grid was likely to be target rich. 460 00:24:12,210 --> 00:24:16,324 I think we move Miser, Miser has 30 Boats, 461 00:24:16,325 --> 00:24:17,375 Correct? 462 00:24:18,430 --> 00:24:21,089 We will reconfigure Miser, it's obvious. 463 00:24:21,090 --> 00:24:23,909 We take 16 boats from here and we'll form 464 00:24:23,910 --> 00:24:28,259 a new patrol line, north south between latitude 61 degrees, 465 00:24:28,260 --> 00:24:33,260 50 and 57 degrees north, 400 miles east of Greenland. 466 00:24:33,261 --> 00:24:36,839 We'll call it group star and they'll assemble 467 00:24:36,840 --> 00:24:39,033 at zero 900 hours tomorrow morning. 468 00:24:40,920 --> 00:24:42,903 I want this convoy wiped out God, 469 00:24:44,520 --> 00:24:45,983 destroyed. 470 00:24:45,984 --> 00:24:48,567 (gentle music) 471 00:24:51,030 --> 00:24:53,729 The convoys facing of course the threat 472 00:24:53,730 --> 00:24:56,129 of Dönitz's U-boats, this coming right after 473 00:24:56,130 --> 00:24:59,429 the mass sinkings in March, everybody's very fearful 474 00:24:59,430 --> 00:25:01,079 that this is going to happen again, 475 00:25:01,080 --> 00:25:03,899 but then the weather turns against them as well, 476 00:25:03,900 --> 00:25:06,933 and gale force winds start hit the ships. 477 00:25:08,310 --> 00:25:09,599 The day after Christian 478 00:25:09,600 --> 00:25:11,609 gets engaged to John Lamb, 479 00:25:11,610 --> 00:25:15,359 HMS Oribi sails out into the north Atlantic 480 00:25:15,360 --> 00:25:17,579 on a secret mission. 481 00:25:17,580 --> 00:25:19,169 The next morning, 482 00:25:19,170 --> 00:25:23,219 after we'd seen the ship sail down the esthery 483 00:25:23,220 --> 00:25:26,939 to imagine his going out into this dreadful storm, 484 00:25:26,940 --> 00:25:30,809 the ships were in great danger all the time. 485 00:25:30,810 --> 00:25:34,949 It was rarely the morning after he'd left, 486 00:25:34,950 --> 00:25:39,059 when I realized a feeling of real fear 487 00:25:39,060 --> 00:25:43,983 of what you might lose, which was so dreadful to think of. 488 00:25:45,840 --> 00:25:49,349 As ONS five also heads into the storm. 489 00:25:49,350 --> 00:25:51,663 There is another serious setback. 490 00:25:53,700 --> 00:25:57,659 The news from submarine tracking is bad. 491 00:25:57,660 --> 00:26:01,623 Expect U-boats in the general area of New founding. 492 00:26:03,639 --> 00:26:06,239 (paper rattling) 493 00:26:06,240 --> 00:26:07,469 What? 494 00:26:07,470 --> 00:26:09,329 That's a large area sir, 495 00:26:09,330 --> 00:26:10,949 are there any bearings? 496 00:26:10,950 --> 00:26:14,429 If I had bearings run, I would give you bearings. 497 00:26:14,430 --> 00:26:15,480 Now get on. 498 00:26:17,247 --> 00:26:19,997 (Halton walking) 499 00:26:25,500 --> 00:26:27,479 Code breakers at Bletchley park 500 00:26:27,480 --> 00:26:30,689 are unable to decipher the enigma coded messages 501 00:26:30,690 --> 00:26:32,639 from the U-boats. 502 00:26:32,640 --> 00:26:33,690 What's going on? 503 00:26:35,610 --> 00:26:37,110 Why does this keep happening? 504 00:26:38,220 --> 00:26:41,279 If Halton knows where the U-boats are, 505 00:26:41,280 --> 00:26:45,569 he can get in contact with the escort commander of ONS five 506 00:26:45,570 --> 00:26:48,689 and they can avoid the threat. 507 00:26:48,690 --> 00:26:51,479 I've got a convoy about to enter the black pit, 508 00:26:51,480 --> 00:26:52,893 no air cover, no. 509 00:26:53,730 --> 00:26:54,780 What? 510 00:26:56,220 --> 00:26:59,220 Well as soon as you know, I need to know. 511 00:27:00,776 --> 00:27:04,739 But in April, 1943, he doesn't have the intel, 512 00:27:04,740 --> 00:27:06,779 he has no idea where the U-boats are. 513 00:27:06,780 --> 00:27:11,682 And that means that the convoy is heading into the unknown. 514 00:27:11,683 --> 00:27:14,683 (suspenseful music) 515 00:27:28,124 --> 00:27:30,791 (waves gushing) 516 00:27:36,060 --> 00:27:39,089 They're like clocks out there without cargo. 517 00:27:39,090 --> 00:27:41,261 We've already had one collision. 518 00:27:41,262 --> 00:27:43,349 Fuel is 62%, sir, 519 00:27:43,350 --> 00:27:44,182 Speed? 520 00:27:44,183 --> 00:27:45,233 Four knots. 521 00:27:45,900 --> 00:27:47,999 I shouldn't have to be dealing with this. 522 00:27:48,000 --> 00:27:52,679 A ship that guzzles fuel 8% a day, It's so fast, 523 00:27:52,680 --> 00:27:54,719 This is the north Atlantic. 524 00:27:54,720 --> 00:27:57,270 We'll never be able to fill her with these waves. 525 00:27:58,320 --> 00:28:01,872 We've got a few more days and that's it. 526 00:28:01,873 --> 00:28:04,079 HMS Duncan had boiler problems. 527 00:28:04,080 --> 00:28:06,839 So she was using more fuel than usual anyway, 528 00:28:06,840 --> 00:28:09,119 in addition, she was a fast destroyer, 529 00:28:09,120 --> 00:28:11,474 so her fuel use was very high. 530 00:28:11,475 --> 00:28:13,464 (sky rumbling) 531 00:28:13,465 --> 00:28:16,169 As Gretton heads towards the black pit, 532 00:28:16,170 --> 00:28:18,839 the largest wolf pack of the second world war 533 00:28:18,840 --> 00:28:20,844 begins to assemble. 534 00:28:20,845 --> 00:28:24,179 (sky rumbling) 535 00:28:24,180 --> 00:28:28,383 The captain of U-boat six 50 is hunting for prey. 536 00:28:31,890 --> 00:28:32,940 Last head spotted. 537 00:28:33,331 --> 00:28:38,369 Message to U-boat headquarters, convoy spotted, 538 00:28:38,370 --> 00:28:41,163 speed eight to 10 knots bearing 2, 7, 0. 539 00:28:42,990 --> 00:28:45,959 The message is ciphered on the enigma machine 540 00:28:45,960 --> 00:28:49,319 and radioed to U-boat command. 541 00:28:49,320 --> 00:28:52,199 That message would tell Dönitz what was coming, 542 00:28:52,200 --> 00:28:54,363 where it was coming, at what speed. 543 00:28:55,440 --> 00:28:57,719 He would then use the grid coordinates 544 00:28:57,720 --> 00:29:01,079 of the north Atlantic to send his own messages out 545 00:29:01,080 --> 00:29:03,243 to other U-boats in the area, 546 00:29:04,320 --> 00:29:08,609 ordering them to congregate in the appropriate spot, 547 00:29:08,610 --> 00:29:12,153 so that they can all attack the convoy as a wolf pack. 548 00:29:13,245 --> 00:29:16,745 (tense suspenseful music) 549 00:29:20,100 --> 00:29:22,229 Spotting a U-boat calling tower, 550 00:29:22,230 --> 00:29:24,663 Gretton calls on his WATU training. 551 00:29:25,915 --> 00:29:28,748 (water splashing) 552 00:29:32,280 --> 00:29:33,719 U-boat cited at a range 553 00:29:33,720 --> 00:29:37,413 of about two miles bearing 1, 46, 554 00:29:40,710 --> 00:29:44,638 expect U-boat contact at any time. 555 00:29:44,639 --> 00:29:49,409 Observant, observant, observant. 556 00:29:49,410 --> 00:29:52,079 Also in as the square search, 557 00:29:52,080 --> 00:29:54,719 the escort ships conduct a two mile sweep 558 00:29:54,720 --> 00:29:58,769 in a square shape around the last known U-boat location. 559 00:29:58,770 --> 00:30:01,169 If the U-boat tries to escape the square, 560 00:30:01,170 --> 00:30:04,563 ASDIC will detect it and the U-boat can be depth charged. 561 00:30:07,260 --> 00:30:12,260 Convoy full speed ahead, Duncan and Tay observant. 562 00:30:14,640 --> 00:30:17,669 The escorts through in the area assigned by that tactic. 563 00:30:17,670 --> 00:30:20,159 Then search that square in the good knowledge 564 00:30:20,160 --> 00:30:22,920 that the U-boat is probably operating within that area. 565 00:30:23,949 --> 00:30:27,161 (dramatic suspenseful music) 566 00:30:27,162 --> 00:30:27,994 (sonar beeping) 567 00:30:27,995 --> 00:30:30,119 In order to identify where it is, 568 00:30:30,120 --> 00:30:32,749 you need to flush him out with your sonar, 569 00:30:32,750 --> 00:30:35,639 your ASDIC, this is the sound wave that's gonna ping 570 00:30:35,640 --> 00:30:37,979 off the shell of the U-boat, 571 00:30:37,980 --> 00:30:42,483 The dreaded sound that no U-boat captain wants to hear. 572 00:30:43,759 --> 00:30:46,426 (sonar pinging) 573 00:30:48,042 --> 00:30:49,439 (sonar pinging) 574 00:30:49,440 --> 00:30:51,509 When they're getting pinged by ASDIC, 575 00:30:51,510 --> 00:30:53,309 they know that the British are getting close, 576 00:30:53,310 --> 00:30:56,069 where they can hear escorts getting closer. 577 00:30:56,070 --> 00:30:58,021 They know their risk is increased. 578 00:30:58,022 --> 00:30:59,476 (sonar pinging) 579 00:30:59,477 --> 00:31:03,059 Dive. 580 00:31:03,060 --> 00:31:04,799 This causes them to go deep, 581 00:31:04,800 --> 00:31:06,933 go deeper to evade the convoy. 582 00:31:11,579 --> 00:31:14,999 (depth charge exploding) 583 00:31:15,000 --> 00:31:17,950 Once the ships are in the observant formation, 584 00:31:19,230 --> 00:31:22,766 Gretton launches a pattern of 10 depth charges. 585 00:31:22,767 --> 00:31:25,963 (gentle ominous music) 586 00:31:25,964 --> 00:31:28,673 (submarine cricking) 587 00:31:28,674 --> 00:31:31,757 (submarine cricking) 588 00:31:34,921 --> 00:31:38,279 The convoy doesn't hit any U-boats that day, 589 00:31:38,280 --> 00:31:42,619 but a potentially lethal attack is successfully deterred. 590 00:31:42,620 --> 00:31:44,849 (gentle ominous music continues) 591 00:31:44,850 --> 00:31:46,379 If you are a U-boat commander, 592 00:31:46,380 --> 00:31:49,259 you definitely want to avoid getting trapped 593 00:31:49,260 --> 00:31:51,179 by one of these tactics. 594 00:31:51,180 --> 00:31:54,599 As a result, most of the tactics used by WATU, 595 00:31:54,600 --> 00:31:56,279 even if they don't sink a U-boat, 596 00:31:56,280 --> 00:31:58,620 will dissuade it from attacking. 597 00:31:58,621 --> 00:32:00,089 (water splashing) 598 00:32:00,090 --> 00:32:03,873 And this was the basic rule in anti U-boat warfare. 599 00:32:04,770 --> 00:32:08,189 It's not necessary to actually sink a U-boat, 600 00:32:08,190 --> 00:32:10,049 take away the chance of success 601 00:32:10,050 --> 00:32:12,749 and bring your ship and cargo home, 602 00:32:12,750 --> 00:32:14,613 that's what it's all about. 603 00:32:17,910 --> 00:32:19,619 Even though Dönitz was head 604 00:32:19,620 --> 00:32:21,359 of the Kriegs marine in an hour, 605 00:32:21,360 --> 00:32:23,639 when there was an important operation going on, 606 00:32:23,640 --> 00:32:26,793 then he tried to do as much as possible himself. 607 00:32:28,350 --> 00:32:30,779 16 boats was supposed to be in positioned 608 00:32:30,780 --> 00:32:32,403 by zero 900 hours. 609 00:32:35,220 --> 00:32:36,270 Where are they? 610 00:32:37,110 --> 00:32:38,565 Yes, sir. 611 00:32:38,566 --> 00:32:39,670 Yes, sir. 612 00:32:39,671 --> 00:32:41,219 Yes, sir. 613 00:32:41,220 --> 00:32:42,633 16 boats, sir. 614 00:32:44,130 --> 00:32:45,303 Where are they? 615 00:32:46,551 --> 00:32:49,139 They can't move, the wind. 616 00:32:49,140 --> 00:32:53,729 Don't whimper to me about bad weather and strong winds, 617 00:32:53,730 --> 00:32:55,413 like some little French girl. 618 00:32:56,880 --> 00:32:58,830 Do you want to tell that to the Führer, 619 00:33:01,410 --> 00:33:05,163 this is war, not a board game. 620 00:33:06,990 --> 00:33:08,253 Do your job. 621 00:33:09,170 --> 00:33:12,420 (tense dramatic music) 622 00:33:13,290 --> 00:33:16,311 Get the boats there, now. 623 00:33:16,312 --> 00:33:18,772 Attack. 624 00:33:18,773 --> 00:33:22,856 (tense dramatic music continues) 625 00:33:27,773 --> 00:33:30,356 (sky rumbling) 626 00:33:34,741 --> 00:33:38,579 Although there is still no intelligence 627 00:33:38,580 --> 00:33:41,609 from Blatchley park, the onboard technology 628 00:33:41,610 --> 00:33:45,723 on HMS Duncan picks up enemy radio frequencies. 629 00:33:48,744 --> 00:33:51,661 (picking up phone) 630 00:33:54,990 --> 00:33:57,179 Bloody mag pie's chattering. 631 00:33:57,180 --> 00:33:59,639 Gretton's use of the term chattering a mag pie's 632 00:33:59,640 --> 00:34:02,549 merely indicates, there were multiple signals. 633 00:34:02,550 --> 00:34:04,589 This cascade tells him that there's 634 00:34:04,590 --> 00:34:06,633 a major wolf pack converging on him. 635 00:34:08,190 --> 00:34:10,829 Message to Western approaches, 636 00:34:10,830 --> 00:34:12,393 submarines cited, 637 00:34:13,680 --> 00:34:16,263 position course and speed. 638 00:34:17,130 --> 00:34:20,163 6, 1, 3, 7 north, 639 00:34:21,150 --> 00:34:24,430 3, 2, 4, 9 west 640 00:34:26,970 --> 00:34:29,973 Huff activity suggests several more in the vicinity. 641 00:34:31,620 --> 00:34:34,469 It's even worse than they thought, They're surrounded. 642 00:34:34,470 --> 00:34:38,099 It's a bit like being at a camp at night in the Moonlight, 643 00:34:38,100 --> 00:34:42,292 and you can hear the wolves howling in the distance. 644 00:34:42,293 --> 00:34:45,126 (water splashing) 645 00:34:46,950 --> 00:34:49,859 Gretton immediately messages Western approaches 646 00:34:49,860 --> 00:34:52,349 and tells them to send help 647 00:34:52,350 --> 00:34:54,479 and this is the beautiful thing. 648 00:34:54,480 --> 00:34:56,789 Halton, because he's already asked Churchill 649 00:34:56,790 --> 00:34:59,279 for his support groups is able to send 650 00:34:59,280 --> 00:35:03,209 some extra destroyers to help the convoy. 651 00:35:03,210 --> 00:35:04,260 Wren 652 00:35:05,400 --> 00:35:07,349 message to Oribi, 653 00:35:07,350 --> 00:35:10,379 detach to support ONS five, 654 00:35:10,380 --> 00:35:13,859 position course and speed, 21 20 hours, 655 00:35:13,860 --> 00:35:18,089 six, one degrees , three, seven north, three, two degrees, 656 00:35:18,090 --> 00:35:22,653 four, nine west, proceed at 20 knots weather permitting. 657 00:35:24,300 --> 00:35:27,419 If he's wrong, then that support group is expended fuel, 658 00:35:27,420 --> 00:35:30,329 getting to that location and may not end up fighting 659 00:35:30,330 --> 00:35:31,799 any U-boats at all. 660 00:35:31,800 --> 00:35:34,379 If he's correct, they can make a decisive difference 661 00:35:34,380 --> 00:35:36,629 to the battle, it's in a vital decision 662 00:35:36,630 --> 00:35:37,710 that Halton's making. 663 00:35:38,765 --> 00:35:42,015 (tense dramatic music) 664 00:35:44,880 --> 00:35:46,469 In the mountainous waves, 665 00:35:46,470 --> 00:35:48,989 the Oribi travels slowly. 666 00:35:48,990 --> 00:35:52,743 It will be nearly two days before it reaches the convoy. 667 00:35:54,510 --> 00:35:58,559 Although there have been no direct hits on Dönitz's fleet. 668 00:35:58,560 --> 00:36:02,369 Two U-boats have returned to base for repairs. 669 00:36:02,370 --> 00:36:03,483 The imbecility, 670 00:36:05,220 --> 00:36:06,929 the magnitude of it. 671 00:36:06,930 --> 00:36:10,079 It's gale force 10, the waves. 672 00:36:10,080 --> 00:36:11,943 You don't get it. Do you? 673 00:36:13,680 --> 00:36:14,883 It's this. 674 00:36:16,170 --> 00:36:20,950 what Cutchma had, what Prine had, what Chedka had, what I, 675 00:36:26,580 --> 00:36:28,533 I need results Scott. 676 00:36:35,646 --> 00:36:38,896 (tense dramatic music) 677 00:36:39,900 --> 00:36:43,743 Not tomorrow, when the sun shines. 678 00:36:47,160 --> 00:36:48,210 Now. 679 00:36:50,010 --> 00:36:52,739 The dark side of Dönitz's discipline 680 00:36:52,740 --> 00:36:56,099 was that he demanded a lot from his U-boat crew 681 00:36:56,100 --> 00:36:59,729 from the commanders and he put a lot of pressure, 682 00:36:59,730 --> 00:37:03,238 especially when they were not successful. 683 00:37:03,239 --> 00:37:06,739 (tense suspenseful music) 684 00:37:07,591 --> 00:37:11,609 We know what the standard U-boat tactic is. 685 00:37:11,610 --> 00:37:15,509 The ideal tactic get in among the convoy shipping lanes 686 00:37:15,510 --> 00:37:18,569 on the surface late at night when you can't be spotted, 687 00:37:18,570 --> 00:37:20,429 but the game has changed. 688 00:37:20,430 --> 00:37:23,549 We know we've got the hard weaponry of technology. 689 00:37:23,550 --> 00:37:27,149 We've got the soft, incredibly ingenious tactics 690 00:37:27,150 --> 00:37:30,359 of WATU the U-boats are up against it 691 00:37:30,360 --> 00:37:32,849 and they are being pushed, 692 00:37:32,850 --> 00:37:36,659 the pressure on them is like never before. 693 00:37:36,660 --> 00:37:38,010 Angles 30 degrees 694 00:37:40,080 --> 00:37:41,463 range 2000. 695 00:37:43,090 --> 00:37:45,089 [Scout] torpedo depth five. 696 00:37:45,090 --> 00:37:48,929 They go in between the convoy rose. 697 00:37:48,930 --> 00:37:50,279 Open bow caps. 698 00:37:50,280 --> 00:37:52,289 Into the fourth row. 699 00:37:52,290 --> 00:37:53,609 Tube one and two ready. 700 00:37:53,610 --> 00:37:56,194 And they attack point blank. 701 00:37:56,195 --> 00:37:58,945 (torpedo firing) 702 00:38:03,582 --> 00:38:06,081 (ship exploding) 703 00:38:06,082 --> 00:38:09,582 (tense suspenseful music) 704 00:38:10,831 --> 00:38:15,029 The McKee spot a merchant ship carrying 68 men 705 00:38:15,030 --> 00:38:17,070 takes a direct hit. 706 00:38:17,071 --> 00:38:20,321 (ship engine rumbling) 707 00:38:24,810 --> 00:38:27,899 Convoy full speed ahead, 708 00:38:27,900 --> 00:38:30,269 be on the lookout for survivors, 709 00:38:30,270 --> 00:38:32,523 artichoke artichoke, 710 00:38:33,653 --> 00:38:36,403 (ship exploding) 711 00:38:38,670 --> 00:38:40,623 let's send these bastards to the deep. 712 00:38:42,060 --> 00:38:44,249 Artichoke artichoke. 713 00:38:44,250 --> 00:38:47,429 Operation artichoke, 714 00:38:47,430 --> 00:38:49,739 to be used when a U-boat attacks by day 715 00:38:49,740 --> 00:38:51,689 or by strong Moonlight. 716 00:38:51,690 --> 00:38:55,439 The escort astern the convoy immediately proceeds 717 00:38:55,440 --> 00:38:58,439 to the torpedoed ship scanning with ASDIC, 718 00:38:58,440 --> 00:39:02,669 all other escorts turn and speed astern the convoy 719 00:39:02,670 --> 00:39:06,119 until 6,000 yards past the stricken ship. 720 00:39:06,120 --> 00:39:09,509 The rest of the escorts move to the rear of the convoy 721 00:39:09,510 --> 00:39:12,449 and then basically scan forwards. 722 00:39:12,450 --> 00:39:16,079 The evading U-boat will hopefully run into the line 723 00:39:16,080 --> 00:39:17,913 created by the artichoke tactic. 724 00:39:18,780 --> 00:39:20,669 Again, they are using the fact 725 00:39:20,670 --> 00:39:23,378 that the U-boats are concerned about being hunted. 726 00:39:23,379 --> 00:39:26,629 (depth charges firing) 727 00:39:31,050 --> 00:39:32,429 Brewing depth charges. 728 00:39:32,430 --> 00:39:33,689 Once the escort ships 729 00:39:33,690 --> 00:39:35,729 are in the artichoke formation, 730 00:39:35,730 --> 00:39:38,643 another pattern of depth charges is dropped. 731 00:39:41,586 --> 00:39:44,266 (depth charges exploding) 732 00:39:44,267 --> 00:39:46,850 (ship banging) 733 00:39:50,549 --> 00:39:53,216 (ship rattling) 734 00:39:55,020 --> 00:39:58,289 Again there are no direct U-boat hits, 735 00:39:58,290 --> 00:40:01,983 but operation artichoke deters further attacks. 736 00:40:05,340 --> 00:40:08,369 The Mickey spot, There's 68 crew members on board, 737 00:40:08,370 --> 00:40:09,929 and it becomes obvious that the ship's 738 00:40:09,930 --> 00:40:11,549 just not going to make it, 739 00:40:11,550 --> 00:40:15,239 so the order is given for them to abandon ship, 740 00:40:15,240 --> 00:40:17,896 to leave the vessel to its fate. 741 00:40:17,897 --> 00:40:19,799 (gentle music) 742 00:40:19,800 --> 00:40:22,619 Convoy full steam ahead, 743 00:40:22,620 --> 00:40:26,013 Northern gem, be on the lookout for survivors. 744 00:40:28,381 --> 00:40:31,739 One of the reasons the Atlantic war 745 00:40:31,740 --> 00:40:34,679 is really so terrible is because of the fact 746 00:40:34,680 --> 00:40:37,799 that human beings are going overboard, 747 00:40:37,800 --> 00:40:41,129 and they're going into this terrible icy water 748 00:40:41,130 --> 00:40:44,429 sometimes into pools of oil and sometimes into flames. 749 00:40:44,430 --> 00:40:47,369 you have a life expectancy of only a few minutes. 750 00:40:47,370 --> 00:40:49,953 (gentle music) 751 00:41:11,910 --> 00:41:12,960 Survivors. 752 00:41:14,670 --> 00:41:18,453 Whole crew, 68 men rescued by Northern jam. 753 00:41:19,860 --> 00:41:20,910 Good. 754 00:41:22,131 --> 00:41:25,169 Good. 755 00:41:25,170 --> 00:41:27,263 Few years ago, I would've lost them all. 756 00:41:27,481 --> 00:41:30,809 What Roberts war games identifies 757 00:41:30,810 --> 00:41:33,989 is that deploying a ship that should be escorting 758 00:41:33,990 --> 00:41:37,185 the convoy to rescue men in the water. 759 00:41:37,186 --> 00:41:39,899 And sometimes women and children risks the defense 760 00:41:39,900 --> 00:41:40,953 of the convoy itself. 761 00:41:42,360 --> 00:41:45,209 As a result in 1942, 762 00:41:45,210 --> 00:41:49,113 designated rescue ships are added to the larger convoys. 763 00:41:50,580 --> 00:41:53,879 It means the escort can concentrate on the job in hand, 764 00:41:53,880 --> 00:41:56,763 protecting the convoy and hunting the U-boats. 765 00:41:57,954 --> 00:42:00,621 (waves gushing) 766 00:42:10,500 --> 00:42:12,779 In Belfast, Christian Holdem 767 00:42:12,780 --> 00:42:17,369 finds herself plotting the course of her own fiance's ship. 768 00:42:17,370 --> 00:42:19,533 As it gets closer to the convoy. 769 00:42:20,910 --> 00:42:24,929 When I really felt rather despairing and anxious 770 00:42:24,930 --> 00:42:27,029 and worrying naturally 771 00:42:27,030 --> 00:42:31,259 because it was just an extraordinary experience 772 00:42:31,260 --> 00:42:33,449 to become engaged to somebody 773 00:42:33,450 --> 00:42:36,509 and they have find that whole thing was endangered. 774 00:42:36,510 --> 00:42:40,049 It was something of a nightmare to be living through 775 00:42:40,050 --> 00:42:42,869 this extraordinary situation 776 00:42:42,870 --> 00:42:45,359 where you had to had nothing you could do about it, 777 00:42:45,360 --> 00:42:47,493 but just watch from a distance. 778 00:42:50,670 --> 00:42:53,729 The weather is atrocious and the Oribi 779 00:42:53,730 --> 00:42:57,269 its compass breaks, it's an absolute disaster. 780 00:42:57,270 --> 00:43:00,059 It finally manages to make it to the convoy 781 00:43:00,060 --> 00:43:03,903 and finds that it's Hove to its stationary. 782 00:43:05,820 --> 00:43:08,849 The storm is now so bad, neither the ships 783 00:43:08,850 --> 00:43:12,869 nor the U-boats can move until it passes, 784 00:43:12,870 --> 00:43:15,753 the convoy can only watch and wait. 785 00:43:17,498 --> 00:43:20,331 (Roberts sighing) 786 00:43:24,990 --> 00:43:27,299 Do you ever lose faith Jean? 787 00:43:27,300 --> 00:43:28,943 I mean, in what we're doing here. 788 00:43:32,280 --> 00:43:33,830 I can't afford to lose faith. 789 00:43:35,250 --> 00:43:37,100 How can I teach what I don't believe. 790 00:43:39,660 --> 00:43:41,493 This year has been catastrophic. 791 00:43:42,901 --> 00:43:45,779 There's lots of people in this place 792 00:43:45,780 --> 00:43:47,843 who would close the stand, just like that. 793 00:43:49,140 --> 00:43:50,643 There are no guarantees. 794 00:43:51,540 --> 00:43:52,800 We've never claimed that. 795 00:43:54,023 --> 00:43:56,023 We can drill them all we like, We can, 796 00:43:56,940 --> 00:43:57,990 talk, 797 00:43:59,310 --> 00:44:00,813 set the stopwatch, 798 00:44:03,180 --> 00:44:06,483 but we can't recreate the ocean, wind, waves. 799 00:44:07,797 --> 00:44:08,847 The terror. 800 00:44:12,540 --> 00:44:13,590 We will prevail. 801 00:44:15,060 --> 00:44:16,110 I know we will. 802 00:44:17,520 --> 00:44:18,827 Yes, yes, of course. 803 00:44:22,170 --> 00:44:24,899 The relationship between Roberts and laidlaw 804 00:44:24,900 --> 00:44:29,129 seems to be one of a very, very close cooperation, 805 00:44:29,130 --> 00:44:32,189 a mutual trust, mutual respect. 806 00:44:32,190 --> 00:44:34,979 And this is something that's really quite unusual 807 00:44:34,980 --> 00:44:37,199 for the age, for the era. 808 00:44:37,200 --> 00:44:38,583 I have every faith. 809 00:44:39,870 --> 00:44:41,866 I suppose that's what we have now, faith. 810 00:44:41,867 --> 00:44:45,359 No, we have this. 811 00:44:45,360 --> 00:44:46,410 What we teach them. 812 00:44:47,516 --> 00:44:48,566 We do. 813 00:44:54,061 --> 00:44:56,644 (door opening) 814 00:45:00,815 --> 00:45:03,482 (waves gushing) 815 00:45:04,877 --> 00:45:06,389 As the storm begins 816 00:45:06,390 --> 00:45:11,193 to abate HMS Duncan's fuel is now dangerously low. 817 00:45:11,194 --> 00:45:14,879 Western approaches aren't gonna like it. 818 00:45:14,880 --> 00:45:16,130 Do you think I like it. 819 00:45:18,540 --> 00:45:21,389 The last bloody thing I want to do, leave my charge. 820 00:45:21,390 --> 00:45:25,859 The last thing, I've lives to protect on the ships 821 00:45:25,860 --> 00:45:27,389 and back home. 822 00:45:27,390 --> 00:45:28,593 What choice have I got? 823 00:45:28,594 --> 00:45:32,219 We've got just enough fuel to get us to St. John's, 824 00:45:32,220 --> 00:45:33,675 if that 825 00:45:33,676 --> 00:45:36,343 (waves gushing) 826 00:45:40,890 --> 00:45:44,653 or we stay, where we are told. 827 00:45:49,920 --> 00:45:54,179 It may seem odd to us that any man or indeed woman 828 00:45:54,180 --> 00:45:58,319 would want to remain in a battle zone, 829 00:45:58,320 --> 00:46:01,829 but Gretton like most of the men fighting in this war there 830 00:46:01,830 --> 00:46:03,993 to win it, come what may. 831 00:46:10,290 --> 00:46:11,897 Duncan to detach? 832 00:46:12,970 --> 00:46:17,009 See a course for St. John's Newfoundland. 833 00:46:17,010 --> 00:46:18,213 Best speed. 834 00:46:22,110 --> 00:46:25,619 Forced to depart, commander Gretton knows 835 00:46:25,620 --> 00:46:29,699 he is leaving the convoy at the worst possible time. 836 00:46:29,700 --> 00:46:31,169 In the military. 837 00:46:31,170 --> 00:46:35,309 If you are not able to take part in a battle that yourself 838 00:46:35,310 --> 00:46:40,310 have influenced, it can be incredibly emotional. 839 00:46:40,740 --> 00:46:43,160 It must have been heartbreaking. 840 00:46:43,161 --> 00:46:45,744 (gentle music) 841 00:46:47,956 --> 00:46:50,339 (Halton walking) 842 00:46:50,340 --> 00:46:52,049 News of Gretton's departure 843 00:46:52,050 --> 00:46:55,263 from the convoy soon reaches Admiral Halton. 844 00:46:56,280 --> 00:46:59,770 Present weather conditions, preclude oiling at sea 845 00:47:00,810 --> 00:47:04,409 intend detaching, and he's taking three 846 00:47:04,410 --> 00:47:05,810 other escort ships with him. 847 00:47:06,990 --> 00:47:09,089 That ship was built in the thirties. 848 00:47:09,090 --> 00:47:10,919 It's not up to modern standards. 849 00:47:10,920 --> 00:47:13,889 Our commanders weren't trained to leave their charge, 850 00:47:13,890 --> 00:47:15,930 especially not a commander like Gretton. 851 00:47:16,830 --> 00:47:20,163 With respect sir, I don't believe he had a choice. 852 00:47:21,990 --> 00:47:25,202 We all have to live with our decisions, Roberts. 853 00:47:25,203 --> 00:47:28,453 (tense dramatic music) 854 00:47:36,960 --> 00:47:39,929 It is now five days since ONS five 855 00:47:39,930 --> 00:47:42,133 was spotted by U-boat six 50. 856 00:47:44,295 --> 00:47:47,192 as the convoy reaches, the black pit, 857 00:47:47,193 --> 00:47:50,523 Dönitz is desperate for his wolf pack to attack. 858 00:47:53,580 --> 00:47:54,630 Message. 859 00:47:59,580 --> 00:48:04,580 Utilize all means to listen, report every clue immediately, 860 00:48:05,430 --> 00:48:07,263 every chance must be taken. 861 00:48:09,060 --> 00:48:13,593 Something can and must be achieved with 31 U-boats. 862 00:48:15,450 --> 00:48:16,500 And. 863 00:48:17,640 --> 00:48:19,949 He's cut his teeth into ONS five. 864 00:48:19,950 --> 00:48:23,249 And by the time he's done ordering up U boats to attack it. 865 00:48:23,250 --> 00:48:26,429 There's around 40, 41, 4 times larger than the escort, 866 00:48:26,430 --> 00:48:28,888 I mean, it's an overwhelming number of U-boats. 867 00:48:28,889 --> 00:48:32,139 (tense dramatic music) 868 00:48:40,140 --> 00:48:41,789 Knowing that three days ago, 869 00:48:41,790 --> 00:48:45,809 her fiance ship HMS Oribi joined the convoy. 870 00:48:45,810 --> 00:48:50,369 Wren Christian holdem refuses to leave the plotting room. 871 00:48:50,370 --> 00:48:53,049 Naturally I needed to stay there. 872 00:48:53,050 --> 00:48:55,949 There was no way that I could leave the plot 873 00:48:55,950 --> 00:48:59,168 until the battle was decided. 874 00:48:59,169 --> 00:49:01,889 (waves gushing) 875 00:49:01,890 --> 00:49:06,890 It was a nightmare to feel so helpless waiting for news, 876 00:49:07,470 --> 00:49:08,823 which didn't ever come. 877 00:49:09,750 --> 00:49:12,408 (ship crashing) 878 00:49:12,409 --> 00:49:15,395 (Ship exploding) 879 00:49:15,396 --> 00:49:18,729 (dramatic upbeat music) 880 00:49:18,779 --> 00:49:23,329 Repair and Synchronization by Easy Subtitles Synchronizer 1.0.0.0 64103

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