Original subtitles

Hey, what's up guys Nelson here.

And today we're going to be using

more complex animation techniques.

We're going to transform this pixel art background I made

into a smooth animation of a car

driving along the highway.

Before we dive in,

here's a basic summary about frame rates.

There's a lot of different frame rates for animation

and it's measured per second.

Typically, animations are at 24 frames-per-second

meaning that there is a potential for animation

to have 24 pictures of movement in 1 second.

But it doesn't necessarily mean they use all 24 frames.

Animations on 24 frames per second

can run on ones,

twos and fours.

And that basically means how long each frame is.

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There is 24 ones in one second,

12 twos in one second, 6 fours is in one second.

The number and duration of frames

will influence the speed

and smoothness of how your animation plays out.

The more frames there are,

the faster and smoother it will be.

Playing around with

the timing is really important

in animating to make movement

feel really smooth and natural looking.

So after I made this animation of a girl driving,

a lot of people were curious how I made it.

So, I recorded the footage to show you guys :-)

The last video, I taught you guys

how to animate an endless loop with simple elements.

Now that you guys know all the tools

and how to animate in the timeline

from the previous video,

I'm going to talk more about the concepts

in animating and highlighting the hurdles

that I have to solve while making this.

Let's make a couple of notes of what we need to animate

this time around.

We're gonna animate a car

that's endlessly driving on the road,

meaning that the background has

to have some indication of movement.

And since we can't move the car,

We're gonna have to move the background instead.

And we can achieve that by moving the

guard rails and street lights

passing by from one side to the other

in a continuous loop.

The windows are rolled down,

and there's going to be a breeze

moving the girl's hair and clothing.

And she'll be blinking as well.

We're going to add a small speed bump

to make it more believable that she's in a car.

And we're going to have the things in the car

react to the speed bump

once per loop.

Okay, let's get started.

First thing we're going to do

is to animate the guard rail and the streetlamp.

Basically we have to have a really long

version of the guard rail

twice as long as the canvas

to move along the screen and loop back again.

So the easiest way to do this

is to make a duplicate of the railing

and merge the two together so it's twice as long.

We're going to right click the layer

and press convert to Smart object.

This way,

we can take advantage of the timeline markers.

Smart objects behave a bit differently

where it's more like point A to point B

instead of frame-by-frame.

So it saves a lot of time.

You just place the marker,

transform the object,

place another marker,

and it'll fill in the transition movement for you.

So we want it on a one second loop

for the railing to move really fast.

We want it to move from one side to the other

in one second intervals,

and repeat the loop five times

to complete the five second cycle.

So basically, it's a one second loop

where it goes from one side to the other

and the frame right after the one second loop -

it'll go back to its original position,

repeating the process -

and it'll look like it's moving infinitely one direction.

Same thing for the streetlight,

we want it to appear once in a while passing by.

I decided it should appear three times

in a five second loop.

And it gives the illusion that the car is going

really fast and a lot of distance is being covered.

So it's looking pretty clean so far

the speed looks believable

and we can start working on the inside of the car

reacting to that speed.

We want a small animation of the gauge

stuttering back and forth

to show a constant high-speed,

again on a two frame loop on twos.

We also want a visualizer for the music

playing on the dashboard.

And this one is a 3-frame loop on twos and fours.

We want the visualizer to be going up and down

repeatedly to show that music is playing on a beat.

I also want a flicker on the screens

to have some sort of visual interest going on,

and this is done on a 2-frame loop on twos,

really subtle effect transitioning

brightness of 0% to 10% layer opacity.

So as a result, it will be a subtle flashing screen.

You'll notice that most of these animations are done

as a loop of 2 to 3 frames

repeated throughout the five second cycle.

Just like in the previous video,

these are super simple to make,

but add a lot of interest to the scene.

Next step, we're going to work on the girl.

This will probably be the most complex character animation.

Though, we've done this before in the last video too.

We want her hair to be moving in the breeze

and her eyes to be blinking.

I have her glasses and bracelet on a separate layer

since I want them to be moving independently from her.

First we're going to make a new video group

for her eyes to blink

using the same concept from last video.

We want an open state, a closing motion,

and a closed state for her eyes.

We have more pixels to work with this time

since it's a close up shot of the girl,

so we can adjust her eyelid

and eyebrow to come down a bit as well.

We can reverse the loop

and her eyes will be opening and closing.

Next up,

I'm going to do the breeze on the girl's

hair and clothes.

And because there's already so much going on.

I'm going to make a duplicate layer

and cut out the eye area

where the animation was

and put it on a different video group.

I'm going to animate the movement

of her hair and clothes on fours,

and have some stray hairs

subtly flowing in the wind

moving back and forth.

What I want is a good rhythm to the animation

and most of these loops are only a couple of frames long.

Once I have the rough motion down,

I can start cleaning up any stray pixels.

Anytime you animate,

you always want to play it back

and see if the timing and motion makes sense to you.

As for the clothing,

you want the wind to be flowing from left to right,

and the cloth is travelling like an S shape

kind of like you're doing the wave

where it kind of was higher,

and then lower,

and then higher again.

And repeat that motion in 3 frames on fours.

Afterwards, I can start duplicating the loop

until I fill up the 5 second cycle.

I only want her to be blinking twice per cycle,

so each loop is 2 and a half seconds.

You can see it that the wind is constantly flowing

and have a good rhythm going on.

We also mentioned earlier

we wanted the car to hit a little speed bump

where some things in the car

would react to it and move around.

We're going to start with her glasses.

So this one is super simple.

At the three-second mark, the glasses will move up

a couple pixels and drop back down.

But because we want the glasses to have a bit of weight,

It drops back down a bit more than its original position.

And then it'll pop back up

one more pixel to its original spot.

We're going to do the same thing with the bracelet,

moving up and down at the three-second mark

and have the little beads underneath jiggle

when it's shaken up.

All right, so next up

I want to make the box on the passenger seat

shake with all the paper tigers shaking as well.

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I want the box to be shaking,

and the paper tigers inside

will react and kind of punch up.

For all of this, especially for this box -

It's good that the items are all on their own separate layers.

So I have a video group for the box,

one for the box flap that's overlaying it.

and one for each of the tigers inside the box.

So the box is going to move first,

and the box flap is going to follow the motion

as it rises when it hits the speed bump,

and the flap is going to react on its way down.

Anytime there's some sort of action,

there will always be a reaction.

And this is what makes things look realistic

when you animate it.

So we pretty much have all our elements finished,

and let's just play it back

and see what we can fix and add.

It's looking pretty smooth so far,

so I'm going to just go ahead

and fix a couple of minor things.

And the last thing we're going to work on is the foliage

there is a couple plants around the car,

and I want the leaves to move

ever so slightly from the breeze coming from outside,

and follow the bump at the 3 second mark as well.

When you're making these looped animations,

don't be afraid!

As long as you finish one continuous loop,

you can duplicate the rest to fill the 5 second cycle.

So in reality,

I'm not really animating that much :-o

Basically, what I'm doing is lassoing and adjusting it

one by one

so it looks like it's moving slightly each frame

some of the plants need more work than others

depending on the shape

and it's going to overlap the passenger seat.

So I want to clean that up too.

Again, I want to make a rough animation

to get the movement down first,

and then slowly refine it until it's cleaner.

So in the end, we can export it

as a GIF at 1920 x 1080 when we save for web.

and now we're done!

This was one of the more complex animations I've done

since there's so many moving parts and things to

consider while making this.

But once you learn it the first time,

you'll be able to apply these techniques

for future drawings.

A lot of what I do is just repeated loops.

It's mostly just knowing

what to animate and what makes sense when moving.

I tried my best to boil things down

to only the parts you need to know.

And capturing movement and timing

is one of the hardest things to do.

So, it takes a lot of practice!

Please let me know if you have any trouble

animating in Photoshop!

In the next video,

we're going to be creating effects

for destroying items in video games.

This one's going to be really interesting!

See you in the next one, and take care!