Original subtitles

66 million years ago,

Planet Earth was very different from today.

Back then, one of our closest ancestors might have looked

something like this little furry creature.

RUMBLING GROWL

And dinosaurs ruled the land.

But what happened to them all?

66 million years ago,

an asteroid hit the Earth,

and scientists think that it was this collision

that wiped out the dinosaurs.

But no-one has ever found direct evidence of that.

In fact, no-one has ever found the fossil of a dinosaur

that died within a thousand years of the impact.

However, a remarkable dig site promises to change that.

It's in the Hell Creek formation

in the American Midwest.

These sedimentery rocks are rich in prehistoric remains...

ROARS ...from triceratops...

SQUAWKS ...to T-rex.

Now, in a patch of land

about the size of a football pitch

a long buried secret is coming to light.

Because this place may hold evidence...

...of one of the most dramatic events

in all the four-and-a-half- billion-year history

of our planet.

Everything was fine on Tuesday in the Crutaceous.

In the next second, the world just wasn't the same.

Any time that an asteroid the size of Mount Everest smashes into the earth,

that's not gonna be a good day.

It's actually pretty remarkable that anything survived.

For ten years, a palaeontologist and his team

have been trying to find out exactly what happened here.

You're at the edge of your seat every moment,

trying to dig this stuff up.

It's like trying to defuse a nuclear weapon

while you're in a rainstorm.

He's named the site Tanis,

and believes it could be a mass graveyard

of creatures that were killed

in the catastrophic asteroid strike.

A site that could reveal not only how the last dinosaurs lived,

but how they died.

And a minute-by-minute picture of what happened

on the day the asteroid hit.

This landscape is full of fossils

dating from the Late Cretaceous,

the period which began around 100 million years ago

and ended 66 million years ago,

when the dinosaurs vanished.

Palaeontologist Robert DePalma wants to find out more.

I think anybody who's ever liked dinosaurs

in the past, or still does,

has thought at one point or another,

"Well, what happened to them?

"Why are they not here any more?"

Judging from fossil evidence,

this is what Hell Creek looked like in the Late Cretaceous.

There were low-lying, marshy flood plains,

intercut by river channels and covered with horsetails,

ferns and trees.

Back then, it was warm and wet here all year round.

If we go back to about 66 million years ago,

The earth in some ways , was very similar to today

and in other ways, it was an alien world.

The climate was very different. The temperature was different.

There were no ice caps at the poles.

Hell Creek is one of the most famous and well studied areas

for digging up dinosaurs.

Hell Creek is really the only place in the world, at least right now

where we have a really good record of the last surviving dinosaurs.

Hell Creek records the very last days of the dinosaurs and

it's the best information that we have in the world

about that extinction event.

Tanis lies in the north-eastern corner

of the Hell Creek formation.

66 million years ago,

instead of today's dusty prairies,

there were sandy river banks.

Instead of rocky cliffs, there were forests.

And instead of the wildlife we know today...

DEEP RUMBLING CALLS

TRILLING

...well, scientists are hoping to find out more

about what that was like.

COOING

A sandbank lying between a river and a forest

would one day become what Robert now calls Tanis.

It wasn't until Robert and his team have been digging here in 2012,...

So somewhere from between there

and down here is where that came from.

It's come from up above. Hey, look at this.

What? Look.

Oh, yeah, yeah, yeah. OK.

Here we've got this freshwater environment

of the Hell Creek formation,

and these shocking red, green colours

coming from the shells of ammonites, a marine organism,

kind of like a coiled snail in appearance.

So we've got this marine organism that's been thrown up

into this freshwater environment,

and they do not belong here.

How they got here is a mystery.

But even more intriguing...

I'm just going to go ahead and plane down some of this rock.

Sitting just above the ammonites

is something that many dinosaur hunters

are desperate to find.

So this orange layer right here is composed 100%

of impact-related debris that is enriched in iridium.

Iridium is an element that's rare in the Earth's crust,

but it's common in asteroids.

The layer it's in is called the K-Pg boundary.

It's made up of dust and debris from a huge asteroid impact.

It's been dated to 66 million years ago, when dinosaurs disappeared.

Look at that. That's amazing.

Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. That's what we want.

OK. So it's coming from this area here.

So somewhere within that region is where these pieces are coming from.

And it has been found all over the world.

In this layer, the concentration of iridium is 100 times higher

than the baseline for the rest of the earth's crust.

Perhaps the simplest answer to that is that it ceme from outer space.

We have this wonderful marker that is the iridium layer,

that coincides with the extinction event.

This is one of those few cases where you can really tie a fuzzy thing,

and kinda bring it into focus cos you have this moment in time

represented by that layer.

Having the KPG boundary here, dates the site to around the time dinosaurs went extinct.

No rattlesnakes.

Once you see that layer, it really does stand out because

it is a thin layer of rock that caps one world.

The world of dinosaurs.

And it ushers in another world.

A world where you never find a single dinosaur bone or tooth or footprint.

What makes the site even more exciting

is the rock layer right beneath the boundary

where Robert found the ammonites.

The rock here is really not quite rocky,

as you would expect dinosaur bones and things to be encased -

you expect really, really hard rocks and jackhammers

and things like this, but it's very, very crumbly

and it just falls apart in your hands.

As well as being crumbly throughout,

this layer of rock is also around a metre thick,

which, along with other unusual features, makes

Robert think that something very strange must have happened here.

Maybe a flood or a mud flow,

burying anything within it in an instant.

Oh, there's a beautiful... Look at that one - beautiful.

This could mean that anything he finds in this layer

would have been quickly entombed,

like the bodies in the volcanic ash of Pompeii.

Generally speaking, the faster you get buried after you die,

or even if the burial is what kills the animal,

that's one of the best scenarios for fossilisation.

Robert knows from the geology

that anything he finds could be so well preserved

that it could reveal new evidence

that will bring this time period to life

in a way no-one has ever done before.

It's actually incredibly amazing that we have any fossils at all,

Robert digs at Tanis each summer,

the only time the weather allows him to do so.

99.9 percent of the animals that we have don't get preserved as fossils.

You have scavengers, you have other animals that tear away the skeleton

as it's being deposited.

We need certain conditions for fossils to form.

So a lot of the fossil record is really missing.

So for fossil hunters, this site is particularly interesting.

Such rapidly deposited sediment so close to the KPG boundary

could be evidence that what happened to the last dinosaurs here,

was as swift as it was destructive.

Yet the story of that devastating day begins long before.

Millions of kms away and millions of years earlier.

Most scientists think it all started in a ring of

dust, rocks and debris known as The Asteroid Belt.

It's usually an uneventful place.

But sometimes a rock can get bumped into a new orbit.

And diverted onto a collision course with planet Earth.

Jupiter in particular, is a big bully in our solar system.

It's the largest planet, it has the most gravity.

And it doesn't just take one orbital pass for an asteroid to be influenced.

This is a slow build-up over tens of millions of years.

Interacting with Jupiter over and over and over.

Robert and his team dig at this site in North Dakota each summer.

The only time the weather allows them to do so.

Check out this over here.

In order ot undersatnd how the impact affected life on earth,

you need to get a very clear picture of what the world was like right before.

That is a critical part of the story.

Palaeontologists Dr David Burnham

and Loren Gurche have been digging with Robert for years.

Oh, wow!

See...see the brown? Yep.

That might be a tubercle right there.

And it seems today is their lucky day.

Oh, my God! Look at that! Look at that.

Look, the scales are preserved!

Holy crap! Like doing a freaking dissection.

Oh, my God. Biology of Tanis.

Oh, the scale...

Look, look - the wrinkles continue down that way.

Mine's all nice and wet so far.

The scales are getting smaller in that direction.

How big are they there?

I got a...I got one with the projection over here.

What? Oh!

Yeah. Oh.

Yeah, there's the protuberance right there.

I've only seen that on one other specimen, in life. Yep.

This is the closest thing to getting to touch

a living, breathing dinosaur.

It is.

They found something extraordinary. Dinosaur skin.

They've uncovered it right next to another fossil.

This is obviously horn.

Which helps them piece together the creature. A triceratops

It is so exceedingly rare -

a piece of triceratops skin in the Hell Creek formation.

It may look like an impression in the rock,

but this is skin that has been fossilised

and, over millions of years, has turned to stone.

Dinosaur skin is somewhat rare. Triceratops skin is exceptionally rare.

It's only known from a few examples.

One of the things other than the shape of the scales that I notice

is the difference in colour. It's darker brown and black.

Based on my experiernce with other dinosaur skin fossils,

it tells me there's a high probability that we have some

original components of the animal's chemistry.

Actual chemical signatures of the skin.

We could potentially find evidence of pigmentation in that too.

That's a very, very exciting thing for me.

Finding and studying

such well-preserved fossils as this

helps palaeontologists build

a much more detailed picture of how these creatures lived.

Combining this information

with insights from scientists around the world

makes it possible to speculate

about what life in the Late Cretaceous

might have been like.

We know from bones

that adult triceratops could reach nine metres in length

and three metres in height.

RUMBLING

Marks on the fossil also show us

that this one was badly scarred.

RUMBLING GROWL

Triceratops were plant-eaters.

Other fossils tell us that they had sharp beaks

and hundreds of teeth that enabled them to shred tough plants

such as these cycads.

Almost all adult triceratops fossils,

including Robert's, have been found on their own.

So it's possible that the adults were solitary,

like many modern-day male animals.

If you look at American bison for example,

they herd through much of their young adulthood,

but especially old males will be by themselves.

So not all the triceratops we find are these old bulls,

but there might be something similar at play.

So they were probably territorial,

chasing rivals away.

These were very large animals that probably had large territorial ranges.

THere actually is fossil evidence of puncture wounds

in the frills of these dinosaurs.

They were probably using their horns like modern caribou,

where they lock their horns together to complete for mates.

And perhaps marking their territories.

If you weigh more than an African elephant,

there's not much that can bother you...

SQUEAKING

...except perhaps a little mammal.

GROWLS

Robert found these jawbones

in the fossilised burrow at Tanis.

The shape of this tiny bone and tooth

means it's most likely come from what's known

as a pediomyid, an early mammal

and a type of marsupial.

The team also discovered fossilised nuts and seeds

in the burrow.

So we have an idea about what it might have eaten.

We think of mammals as the new kids on the block.

But what we don't appreciate is that mammals and dinosaurs,

their legacies go back to the same time.

Some of them we think, may have bene opportunistic.

There's even evidence of a small mammal that has the remains of

a baby dinosaur within its belly.

Robert's finds are adding

to our knowledge of the complex world

at the very end of the Late Cretaceous.

And it's not just the fossilised creatures.

The dig team has discovered a number of footprints.

Looks like a good print.

The shape gives them an idea of what might've made them.

If the team is right, they were made by a winged creature

that might well have liked a small mammal.

For lunch!

The footprints are long and narrow with four toe prints.

Two are slightly longer than the others.

That suggests they were made by...

...a pterosaur.

Pterosaurs are not dinosaurs, but flying reptiles

on a different branch of the evolutionary tree.

There is nothing like a flying reptile around today.

Pterosaurs got to enormous sizes.

There was a pterosaur that grew up to around 40 feet.

That was an animal that had a 40 foot long wing-span.

SCREECHING

Male pterosaurs usually had crests,

while females didn't.

So crests may have been used in courtship displays.

And we have an indication of where females laid their eggs,

because evidence suggests one pterosaur laid hers

in the soft, sandy banks of the river at Tanis.

The fossil record of pterosaur eggs is really small.

So far we have a couple of eggs from Northeastern China.

We also have a trove of eggs from Western China.

The only other record of eggs is a single egg from Argentina.

And this is a fossilised egg

of a pterosaur that Robert found there.

The only one ever discovered in North America.

If you look at it with the naked eye,

all you see is a jumble of lines.

But if you examine it with the latest technology,

you can find out a wealth of information,

from the chemistry of the bones

to the composition of the shell.

And that, in turn, can tell us a lot about

how these incredible creatures lived.

Robert has been given access

to the Diamond Light Source synchrotron in Oxfordshire.

It's a very powerful research tool

that acts like a giant microscope.

By accelerating electrons in this huge ring,

the synchrotron creates beams of light

many times brighter than the sun.

Robert wants to turn that beam onto the egg fossil

to discover more about its chemical make-up.

We've brought this fossil to do a post-morten examination.

When we see the animal inside this egg, we're seeing a very folded pattern of wings.

Almost like you got a bat or something and folded it up

inside this small space.

The egg is actually preserved in side view.

The tiny size of this animal is a litle deceiving because

big things have small beginnings.

When you talk about pterosaurs, these flying reptiles started off the size of a hen'segg.

They got up to maybe 5 or 6 metres of wing span.

Pterosaur eggs are so rare.

Next step, I will get this fossil and mount if on the stage behind me.

That will make different chemicals and elements in this animal

flouresce. We'll be able to see the chemistry onscreen.

We're pretty much lined up on the skeleton,

but we might have to move the stage a little bit

to get to the right part. Sure.

They've scanned the egg here and in America.

What we're looking at here is th pterosaur embryo.

This isn't a photograph. This is a chemical map.

Here you can see the blue for the bones.

That's calcium.

You can see this nice yellow rim. That's sulphur.

That's really exciting.

That shows us there's probably still egg shell surrounding this embryo.

Some birds today need a lot of help after they hatch.

Their bones aren't fully developed.

This isn't the case for this pterosaur.

The calcium in these bones show us that they're hardening.

When they pterosaur hatches, maybe it'll be ready to look after itself.

A lot of birds are dependent on the parents bringing them food for a long time.

There are some that simply stand up after a few minutes

and start foraging for food themself.

Victoria now has the results of the latest scan.

Here we can look at a lot more detail.

Here we're looking at part of the eggshell.

EAch one of these little pixels is 3 microns.

We're able to really pick out and analyse the chemistry in more detail

When we look at this chemical map, we've got the zinc in green,

we've got calcium here.

What we're seeing is we're seeing folding occurring.

There's a regular surface.

We know that with a hard rigid egg like a chicken egg,

you couldn't bend the chicken egg. It just breaks.

But here we're seeing folding occurring.

That tells us it must've been a soft egg.

Something like an aligator or a turtle egg.

That tells us more about how pterosaurs laid their eggs and

possibly even where they would've laid their eggs.

Creatures that lay soft eggs tend to bury them

in order to protect them.

SQUAWKS

So female pterosaurs probably looked for

places like Tanis to lay their eggs...

...because the sandy soil here is just soft enough

for the hatchling to dig itself out.

SNIFFING

Now the pterosaur just has to make sure

that the hole...

...is perfect.

SQUAWKS

WARBLING

Success!

But it's not over yet.

Pterosaurs had two ovaries,

and they laid their eggs in pairs.

So clearly this method, this way of reproducing

was incredibly successful.

What it kinda says is everything is normal until the moment when

the impact happens and it all goes horribly wrong.

Life at Tanis seemed to be thriving.

But all that was about to change.

Deep in space the asteroid was approaching.

Its journey would take it through the orbit

of our neighbouring planet, Mars.

Had the two collided,

a catastrophe on Earth would've been avoided.

But it was not to be...

...and Earth's fate was sealed.

Robert is searching for evidence of how the creatures at Tanis died.

Each new find could provide a valuable clue.

The team have found some more well preserved footprints.

So these are animals that were actually walking in the water.

Thes guys would've been on a mushy river bank going to drink.

ANimals tend to congregate around rivers.

This print is 30cm long.

I think this is from a duckbill dinosaur.

They would've been very common in the Crutaceous.

They ate the plants in the area.

They got very large. 30 feet long.

And there are more.

You see all the toes are very well preserved.

You even see a nail print.

The little toenails dug into the mud. I love this one.

But this is the team's prized footprint.

When I see this track I'm struck by the birdlike nature of it.

You've got these three toes that are splayed out.

The key here is the tip has claw drag marks.

That tells me this is from a carnivorous dinosaur.

Hell Creek had very, very large Tyrannosaurus Rex.

It would've had a foot roughly this shape but the adults

would've been too large for this.

If this was a rex, it was a juvenile.

Robert also unearthed this at Tanis.

The crown of a tooth.

This is probbaly one of the coolest discoveries from the site.

It's a tooth from a Tyrannosaurus rex.

The very big size and the cerrations tell you this is an adult.

This tooth was meant for crushing bone and ripping through flesh.

There is no other dinosaur from Hell Creek that has teeth like this.

Bitemarks found on bones, show that they may have eaten each other.

A youngester would make an easy catch.

But not this time.

Dinosaur tracks in the Hell Creek formation are almost unheard of.

They're much rarer than any of the bones of dinosaurs found there.

We've got so many types of dinosaurs in so many size ranges,

and that indicates that we had a thriving dinosaur ecology there.

When one dinosaur leaves a track, the next one comes along and obliterates that track.

Eventually you end up with a ploughed field.

If we think about the extent of the rock in which we're excavating,

our excavations are tiny samples.

It's entirely possible there are more out there.

And that supports the idea...

...that dinosaurs and pterosaurs were thriving at Hell Creek

shortly before the impact.

If they were thriving the must've been reproducing.

No-one has ever found a T-Rex nest.

But fossils from similar dinosaurs show that they may have laid

around 20 eggs in a circular nest.

It's possible that they partially covered their eggs with vegetation

to keep them warm.

Looking after eggs must've been a tricky business,

when you weigh 7 tonnes.

As the team's dig continues,

a vision of what happened at Tanis

is finally starting to come together.

It seems the sandbank was full of life.

T-rex, triceratops,

little mammals,

alongside the footprints of other dinosaurs and pterosaurs,

all in a very small area.

BLOWS You see the scales?

I do. Oh, my God.

That excites me just looking at it!

Then Robert finds something truly remarkable.

See the cracks already forming? Look at that.

So we're going to have to really monitor that before we glue it.

Cos this is getting vulnerable now.

An almost complete creature.

After 66 million years, finding anyting intact is rare.

To get this block out, we're freezing it.

Robert is about to attempt something tricky.

To get the fossil out in one piece, they're trying

to freeze it using liquid nitrogen

at almost 200 degrees below zero.

Loren, I'm worried about brittleness here.

Get that hammer. Give this a couple whacks with the hammer.

OK. Move over five centimetres. Good.

It's cracked loose. Yep. OK. It's loose.

So we have to get this out in one piece.

One, two, three.

Yeehaw!

Total success. Total success.

This is a technique used in archaeology

for digging up human remains.

We've got enough time to work with the fossil

and not damage it.

And I couldn't be happier.

And the creature Robert found?

A turtle.

This turtle is what we know as a baenid.

It is probably one of the coolest fossils from Tanis.

Turtles were all over the place in Hell Creek but

this is the only one that we've got from Tanis so far.

This poor creature is almost lying on its back.

You can see the high dome of the shell.

Here's the edge of the shell.

In the rear portion, this really cool saw-tooth edge.

That's really well known in the baenids in Hell Creek.

This baenid turtle looks very similar

to modern cooter turtles

and lived in the same sort of freshwater environment.

The late Crutaceous period is the heyday of turtles.

There were at least 16 species that were known from Saskatchewan.

Compare that to today, we only have three.

It was a much better time to be a turtle.

Now we can see the belly of this turtle.

The whole underside is really well preserved.

We've got all the legs there and even some organic staining where the skin was.

The intresting thing, totally not expected, is this red/brown object

sticking into the front of the animal.

That is a piece of petrified wood.

It goes right into the flesh of the turtle.

It goes itno the front of the turtle, and exits right at the rear.

This entire animal is skewered on this piece of wood.

A violent end to one of the many creatures found

in the crumbly rock layer at Tanis.

When I look at the animals

and plants preserved in the sediments of Tanis

and the footprints beneath it,

I see a picture of a vibrant ecosystem,

many different dinosaurs, and a thriving, thriving place.

Robert has found so many fossils, it looks as if,

even at the very end of the Late Cretaceous,

Tanis was bursting with life.

VARIOUS ANIMAL CALLS

Full of the giant reptiles that had dominated the planet

for more than 150 million years.

BARKING

It's impossible to know how much longer

their reign would've continued...

SQUAWKS

...because all this was about to end.

The asteroid hit...

...in what is now the Yucatan peninsula in Mexico.

It's called the Chicxulub asteroid

after the town nearest to the centre of its crater.

Any living thing within 1,500km of the impact...

...was destroyed by the blast.

But what effect did the impact have on Tanis,

nearly 3,000km away?

Robert is looking for clues that might link Tanis

to the actual day the asteroid hit.

WQhen we date rocks from the Crutaceous, we can say the end

Crutaceous was 66 million years ago plus or minus a few tens of thousands of years.

That is a huge achievement of modern science.

But when it comes to the asteroid, that asteroid hit the earth one day.

Really it hit the earth at one instant.

So to date fossils in the rock and to try to tie them to one instant

in geology time 66 million years ago, is just outside of the scope

of the chemical methods that we have to date rock.

Other evidece is needed to make a plausable scenario,

if someone found a fossil and wanted to argue that it came from

the end of the Crutaceous.

To tie the site to the day the asteroid hit is a challenge.

Robert and his team are following a compelling trail of clues.

The first of which lives in a mass death assemblage.

We've got some wood,

and pressed up against this and all intertangled,

we've got the carcasses of fish.

OK.

That's a beautifully preserved tail,

so that fish is going to be absolutely gorgeous.

Some of the evidence he's found so far

has been hidden inside the fish themselves.

In more ways than one, it literally is an operation of a Cretaceous

fish, so we're performing surgery on this thing.

Robert needs to open this fish's skull.

And very carefully, we want to separate this

from the rest of the fish.

OK.

Here we go.

Opening up the fish.

Got a nice ant that made a home in there.

And beautiful, look at that.

OK, here we have the gill bars of the fish.

Those are the bars that hold the filaments of the gills.

And between the gill bars,

all of these clusters of round objects.

Tiny balls of clay. But what are they?

After a large asteroid impact, a mix of vaporised and molten rock

is propelled into the stratosphere. Some of it into space.

There, much of it cools, solidifying into tiny glass droplets.

Some of it is high enough velocity that it can leave the earth's gravitational field.

It's almost certain that some of it would've ended up on the Moon.

Which is kind of exciting to think about.

But most of the droplets would've been pulled back to earth by gravity.

Over millions of years,

pressure and chemical reactions in the ground

would turn most of them to clay.

So finding spherules in the gills of a fish,

as Robert has done at Tanis,

suggests the fish sucked them in

while the spherules were still falling.

So these creatures could have died

at the time of an asteroid impact.

Those have to have come from the impact.

That shows that these were fish that were alive

before the impact.

In the nextd 20 to 60 mins, those fish swalled them and died.

That's an amazing discovery.

The fact that there's spherules in the gills of the fish,

really brings them as close you can possibly get to impact.

These ejector spherules could be evidence of what Robert suspects.

That creatures here died on the day of the asteroid strike.

Once Robert begins to look for ejecta spherules,

he finds more and more,

and realises the thick, crumbly layer of rock at Tanis

is full of them.

I mean, this stuff is go... Oh, my God, look at that one.

These things are just gorgeous.

Ejecta spherules like this

give us a fingerprint of where they came from.

If these spherules were connected

to the Chicxulub impact,

then the whole crumbly layer could be full of evidence

of what happened on the day the asteroid hit.

That's a good one.

Oh, is that a droplet right there?

To see if that's the case,

Robert needs to find a spherule that hasn't turned to clay.

Oh, my God, that's a beautiful droplet.

OK.

The small pieces of orange material

that Robert and Loren are digging up

may be able to help.

They're amber.

If there was anything flying through the air at that time,

this is where it's going to get caught.

The amber they're collecting was once sticky resin

oozing out of a Late Cretaceous tree trunk.

It's a way for the tree to protect itself,

like a scab forming on a cut.

Anything covered by the resin would be frozen

in an amber time capsule.

If they find a spherule preserved in amber,

it could be analysed

to see if it comes from the Chicxulub asteroid impact.

So during this batch,

we were incredibly lucky that we came across

two completely unaltered spherules.

Could this spherule be the evidence to link the site

directly with the impact?

There are several lines of evidence that geologists would need

in order to defiitelyve say that this ejecta and this are from the same event.

The shape of the spherules, the size of the spherules,

the colour ofthe spherules can be similar for material

coming from different sources.

Only the geochemical signature would tell you exactly

what the origin of the parent material was.

The ability to use trace minerals as a way to diagnose the

provence, the place from which the particles originally came from.

It's a whole field of geology.

It's a pretty mature science.

If it's a match, Tanis could be something incredibly rare.

If we can match spherules to the imapct site geocehmically and in

terms of radiometric ages, that's pretty accurate,

that's a smoking gun.

Does the site record the very last day of the Cretaceous?

Full of fossilised creatures that were alive at the moment

the asteroid hit?

The potential for the Tanis site is huge.

Might Robert's team find something extraordinary?

That's bone right next to the skin.

A dinosaur that died as a direct result of the asteroid impact...

The day the asteroid hit would definitely be hell on earth.

No matter where it is, you're in for a bunch of chaos.

# (epic music)