All language subtitles for Soros (2019)

af Afrikaans
ak Akan
sq Albanian
am Amharic
ar Arabic
hy Armenian
az Azerbaijani
eu Basque
be Belarusian
bem Bemba
bn Bengali
bh Bihari
bs Bosnian
br Breton
bg Bulgarian
km Cambodian
ca Catalan
ceb Cebuano
chr Cherokee
ny Chichewa
zh-CN Chinese (Simplified)
zh-TW Chinese (Traditional)
co Corsican
hr Croatian
cs Czech
da Danish
nl Dutch
eo Esperanto
et Estonian
ee Ewe
fo Faroese
tl Filipino
fi Finnish
fr French
fy Frisian
gaa Ga
gl Galician
ka Georgian
de German
el Greek
gn Guarani
gu Gujarati
ht Haitian Creole
ha Hausa
haw Hawaiian
iw Hebrew
hi Hindi
hmn Hmong
hu Hungarian
is Icelandic
ig Igbo
ia Interlingua
ga Irish
it Italian
ja Japanese
jw Javanese
kn Kannada
kk Kazakh
rw Kinyarwanda
rn Kirundi
kg Kongo
ko Korean
kri Krio (Sierra Leone)
ku Kurdish
ckb Kurdish (Soranรฎ)
ky Kyrgyz
lo Laothian
la Latin
lv Latvian
ln Lingala
lt Lithuanian
loz Lozi
lg Luganda
ach Luo
lb Luxembourgish
mk Macedonian
mg Malagasy
ms Malay
ml Malayalam
mt Maltese
mi Maori
mr Marathi
mfe Mauritian Creole
mo Moldavian
mn Mongolian
my Myanmar (Burmese)
sr-ME Montenegrin
ne Nepali
pcm Nigerian Pidgin
nso Northern Sotho
no Norwegian
nn Norwegian (Nynorsk)
oc Occitan
or Oriya
om Oromo
ps Pashto
fa Persian
pl Polish
pt-BR Portuguese (Brazil)
pt Portuguese (Portugal)
pa Punjabi
qu Quechua
ro Romanian
rm Romansh
nyn Runyakitara
ru Russian
sm Samoan
gd Scots Gaelic
sr Serbian
sh Serbo-Croatian
st Sesotho
tn Setswana
crs Seychellois Creole
sn Shona
sd Sindhi
si Sinhalese
sk Slovak
sl Slovenian
so Somali
es Spanish
es-419 Spanish (Latin American)
su Sundanese
sw Swahili
sv Swedish
tg Tajik
ta Tamil
tt Tatar
te Telugu
th Thai
ti Tigrinya
to Tonga
lua Tshiluba
tum Tumbuka
tr Turkish
tk Turkmen
tw Twi
ug Uighur
uk Ukrainian
ur Urdu
uz Uzbek
vi Vietnamese
cy Welsh
wo Wolof
xh Xhosa
yi Yiddish
yo Yoruba
zu Zulu
Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:02,000 --> 00:00:07,000 Downloaded from YTS.MX 2 00:00:08,000 --> 00:00:13,000 Official YIFY movies site: YTS.MX 3 00:00:11,177 --> 00:00:17,384 [footsteps, car honks] 4 00:00:17,450 --> 00:00:19,386 [ominous music plays] 5 00:00:19,452 --> 00:00:21,321 [sound of paint being sprayed] 6 00:00:32,332 --> 00:00:34,167 The Hungarian government has launched 7 00:00:34,234 --> 00:00:36,603 [IN HUNGARIAN: STINKING JEW] a countrywide anti-migrant poster campaign 8 00:00:36,669 --> 00:00:39,305 depicting George Soros. 9 00:00:39,372 --> 00:00:41,608 -Most Americans have no idea who George Soros is, 10 00:00:41,674 --> 00:00:44,210 but he is one of the most feared men in the world. 11 00:00:55,555 --> 00:00:56,756 -Blood spilled in the Ukraine. 12 00:00:56,823 --> 00:00:58,825 Blood spilled in many other places 13 00:00:58,892 --> 00:01:01,327 where Soros put his fingers. 14 00:01:01,394 --> 00:01:03,897 -We all need to wake up to who George Soros is 15 00:01:03,963 --> 00:01:05,832 and how big his organization is. 16 00:01:05,899 --> 00:01:07,567 [glass shatters] 17 00:01:07,634 --> 00:01:10,737 -A major takedown of George Soros is in process. 18 00:01:10,804 --> 00:01:12,839 -George Soros is one of the richest men in the world. 19 00:01:12,906 --> 00:01:14,607 -He would be blamed for the financial collapses 20 00:01:14,674 --> 00:01:19,446 in Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Japan and Russia. 21 00:01:19,512 --> 00:01:22,782 What's the difference between philanthropy and political activism? 22 00:01:22,849 --> 00:01:25,452 The uber leftist is behind much of the political strife in this country. 23 00:01:25,518 --> 00:01:27,587 A Nazi collaborator literally. 24 00:01:27,654 --> 00:01:30,723 The world's biggest drug trafficker. 25 00:01:30,790 --> 00:01:32,158 -Hillary Clinton's largest single donor. 26 00:01:32,225 --> 00:01:34,194 -He's a traitor to the United States. 27 00:01:34,260 --> 00:01:36,963 -If you want to know who's financing radical Islamists 28 00:01:37,030 --> 00:01:38,665 in Egypt and Syria, it's George Soros. 29 00:01:38,731 --> 00:01:40,100 -Do you think George Soros funded the neo-Nazis 30 00:01:40,166 --> 00:01:42,669 who marched in Charlottesville? 31 00:01:42,735 --> 00:01:44,604 -Wouldn't it be interesting to find out? 32 00:01:44,671 --> 00:01:47,774 -George Soros is one of those evil people in the world. 33 00:01:47,841 --> 00:01:50,210 -This man is the spawn of Satan. 34 00:01:50,276 --> 00:01:51,544 -I talked to somebody who knows George Soros. 35 00:01:51,611 --> 00:01:52,545 They were in his house. It's all black. 36 00:01:53,379 --> 00:01:54,681 With black furniture. 37 00:01:54,747 --> 00:01:55,615 What a freak, man. 38 00:01:55,682 --> 00:01:57,283 What a demon. No wonder. 39 00:01:58,284 --> 00:02:00,386 [ominous music ends] 40 00:02:00,453 --> 00:02:03,490 -What are the worst things that people have said about George? 41 00:02:03,556 --> 00:02:05,758 Where they're not even talking about the man, 42 00:02:05,825 --> 00:02:07,760 he's something else now. 43 00:02:07,827 --> 00:02:11,364 Um... that he's not one of us. 44 00:02:14,300 --> 00:02:16,236 -But you're being very kind with that 45 00:02:16,302 --> 00:02:17,971 because they say, you know, 46 00:02:18,037 --> 00:02:20,240 I've read things where he's a demon. 47 00:02:20,306 --> 00:02:22,375 He's a global conspiracy. 48 00:02:22,442 --> 00:02:23,810 He's the Elders of Zion. 49 00:02:23,877 --> 00:02:27,247 Why is George perceived in such a way? 50 00:02:27,313 --> 00:02:29,315 But this is a very dark thing. 51 00:02:29,382 --> 00:02:32,218 He's not one of us meaning that he's different. 52 00:02:33,319 --> 00:02:34,921 He's Jewish. 53 00:02:34,988 --> 00:02:36,456 He's a speculator. 54 00:02:37,457 --> 00:02:38,992 For some people, 55 00:02:39,058 --> 00:02:42,795 he's a man responsible for the financial crisis, 56 00:02:42,862 --> 00:02:48,401 a man who speculates against the interest of the country, 57 00:02:48,468 --> 00:02:53,273 a man who wants to interfere in our affairs. 58 00:02:53,339 --> 00:02:56,409 For such people what he does, what he stands for, 59 00:02:56,476 --> 00:02:59,979 what he supports are unacceptable. 60 00:03:00,046 --> 00:03:01,814 He's our enemy. 61 00:03:01,881 --> 00:03:03,650 He's not one of us. 62 00:03:05,084 --> 00:03:07,921 I think that this is something very dark. 63 00:03:08,555 --> 00:03:09,756 He's not a human being. 64 00:03:12,358 --> 00:03:13,493 He's one of the person 65 00:03:13,560 --> 00:03:15,562 about which it's very popular 66 00:03:15,628 --> 00:03:17,463 to construct a conspiracy theory 67 00:03:17,530 --> 00:03:20,967 or to be targeted as a major reason 68 00:03:21,034 --> 00:03:22,835 for this or that developing. 69 00:03:22,902 --> 00:03:24,771 So, if people don't know 70 00:03:24,837 --> 00:03:26,706 what is happening in the world, 71 00:03:26,773 --> 00:03:27,840 George Soros did it. 72 00:03:27,907 --> 00:03:30,510 There is something special 73 00:03:31,844 --> 00:03:33,513 and potentially problematic 74 00:03:34,047 --> 00:03:35,481 about single individuals 75 00:03:35,548 --> 00:03:39,519 having their voice multiplied so much 76 00:03:39,586 --> 00:03:41,788 because of the amount of wealth they command. 77 00:03:42,655 --> 00:03:47,594 He's someone who has enough money, enough staff 78 00:03:47,660 --> 00:03:51,931 that in many ways you have to think of him as a sovereign. 79 00:03:51,998 --> 00:03:53,733 And I think sovereigns, 80 00:03:53,800 --> 00:03:57,737 someone who is unaccountable and unconstrained 81 00:03:57,804 --> 00:04:00,273 inherently makes people very nervous about their power. 82 00:04:01,074 --> 00:04:06,646 I don't think people understand the scale of Soros' influence. 83 00:04:06,713 --> 00:04:08,548 There's never been this much money in the system 84 00:04:10,016 --> 00:04:13,486 designed to reorder society, 85 00:04:13,553 --> 00:04:15,388 money that's not accountable to any political system. 86 00:04:15,455 --> 00:04:17,423 I mean, that's the problem. 87 00:04:17,490 --> 00:04:19,692 It's a battle of ideas at the most fundamental level. 88 00:04:34,474 --> 00:04:38,111 -When one person has the monopoly on truth 89 00:04:38,177 --> 00:04:40,480 or one group or a government, 90 00:04:43,716 --> 00:04:45,852 when people are denied the right to speak, 91 00:04:47,720 --> 00:04:51,524 people are denied the right to express themselves 92 00:04:52,992 --> 00:04:56,462 whether it's in the form of religion or culture, 93 00:04:58,064 --> 00:05:02,402 their gender, their sexual orientation or race, 94 00:05:03,469 --> 00:05:05,071 there are so many ways 95 00:05:05,138 --> 00:05:08,041 that people's freedoms can be diminished or denied. 96 00:05:10,476 --> 00:05:12,679 And it goes all the way from censorship 97 00:05:12,745 --> 00:05:15,481 to imprisonment, to physical harm. 98 00:05:20,486 --> 00:05:23,856 At issue is really a clash of those 99 00:05:23,923 --> 00:05:27,593 who want an open society 100 00:05:27,660 --> 00:05:30,963 and those that want to deny people rights. 101 00:05:31,030 --> 00:05:33,099 They want to deny people rights for their own power, 102 00:05:33,166 --> 00:05:34,767 for their own personal gain 103 00:05:36,235 --> 00:05:38,438 and that's what George Soros is against. 104 00:05:38,504 --> 00:05:41,040 George Soros is envisioning a world 105 00:05:41,107 --> 00:05:43,109 where one person has access 106 00:05:43,176 --> 00:05:47,146 to the same benefits of society as another. 107 00:05:47,213 --> 00:05:49,382 That's the clash of ideas. 108 00:05:50,717 --> 00:05:51,851 -Excuse me. 109 00:05:51,918 --> 00:05:52,852 I think we have permission 110 00:05:52,919 --> 00:05:53,853 to go in and speak to this lady. 111 00:05:55,822 --> 00:05:56,856 Who are these people? 112 00:06:31,724 --> 00:06:32,692 -Every one of you are terrorists- 113 00:06:32,959 --> 00:06:34,494 I don't care what you say. 114 00:06:34,560 --> 00:06:36,429 Every Muslim is a terrorist, period. 115 00:06:47,707 --> 00:06:49,575 Talking that fucking stupid Spanish around here. 116 00:07:17,870 --> 00:07:20,907 -Where would we be today if not for that civil war? 117 00:07:21,607 --> 00:07:23,543 -Where would we be without slavery? 118 00:07:23,609 --> 00:07:24,477 Are you serious? 119 00:07:35,288 --> 00:07:36,222 -I don't think there ever was genocide to begin with. 120 00:07:46,299 --> 00:07:48,701 -Today will become known as Black Wednesday. 121 00:07:48,768 --> 00:07:50,837 -It was the day Europe's currency crisis 122 00:07:50,903 --> 00:07:52,472 finally exploded. 123 00:07:52,538 --> 00:07:55,975 -George Soros gambled five billion pounds 124 00:07:56,042 --> 00:07:58,277 selling while sterling was still high, 125 00:07:58,344 --> 00:07:59,912 but intending to buy back cheaply 126 00:07:59,979 --> 00:08:02,782 if the pound devalued and make a fortune. 127 00:08:04,984 --> 00:08:06,686 -You took the whole Quantum Fund 128 00:08:07,987 --> 00:08:10,256 and bet one and a half times that. 129 00:08:10,323 --> 00:08:12,158 That's really called betting the ranch. 130 00:08:12,225 --> 00:08:14,126 -Watch out. Excuse me. 131 00:08:14,193 --> 00:08:17,530 The government raises interest rates twice in one day to 15% 132 00:08:18,197 --> 00:08:19,065 in its all-out battle 133 00:08:19,131 --> 00:08:21,300 to prop up sterling. 134 00:08:21,367 --> 00:08:23,836 But after a frantic day's trading, the pound plunges again. 135 00:08:25,438 --> 00:08:29,675 Today has been an extremely difficult and turbulent day. 136 00:08:30,710 --> 00:08:32,712 -George Soros made a billion dollars almost overnight. 137 00:08:34,580 --> 00:08:38,050 What kind of man would stake more than his entire fortune 138 00:08:38,117 --> 00:08:40,052 against the Bank of England 139 00:08:40,119 --> 00:08:42,221 and then give away so much of the winnings? 140 00:08:53,366 --> 00:08:57,270 -In 1979 you started to fund the students at Cape Town. 141 00:08:58,371 --> 00:09:01,007 And why did you feel like that was something to do? 142 00:09:01,974 --> 00:09:07,246 I think probably the best thing is to go at my life. 143 00:09:08,414 --> 00:09:10,316 Either we can start with my life 144 00:09:10,383 --> 00:09:11,450 -Okay. 145 00:09:11,517 --> 00:09:13,119 or we can start with the philosophy. 146 00:09:14,320 --> 00:09:17,056 Philosophy, you get lost or I get lost. 147 00:09:17,123 --> 00:09:21,594 So, probably better to start at, you know... 148 00:09:24,897 --> 00:09:29,268 I was born in 1930 in Budapest. 149 00:09:31,437 --> 00:09:35,741 From perhaps a somewhat unusual middle-class family 150 00:09:35,808 --> 00:09:39,278 because my father was a rather unusual person 151 00:09:39,345 --> 00:09:41,347 and had a tremendous influence on my life. 152 00:09:43,449 --> 00:09:47,987 -Budapest was a very nice place to live in if you had the money 153 00:09:48,054 --> 00:09:50,623 and if you were of the right background. 154 00:09:52,024 --> 00:09:57,129 Swimming pools, bars, cinemas, cafes, restaurants, 155 00:09:57,196 --> 00:09:59,732 excellent theater and concerts. 156 00:09:59,799 --> 00:10:02,401 Academy of Music was really quite well known. 157 00:10:02,468 --> 00:10:06,105 About 25% of the city's inhabitants were Jews, 158 00:10:06,172 --> 00:10:08,040 like the Soros family, like mine. 159 00:10:08,107 --> 00:10:11,310 Then it turns out, that it's all a dream 160 00:10:11,377 --> 00:10:12,712 and we are not accepted. 161 00:10:14,847 --> 00:10:19,218 [somber music plays] 162 00:10:28,828 --> 00:10:33,733 Really, the formative experience was 1944, 163 00:10:33,799 --> 00:10:34,867 the German occupation. 164 00:10:46,979 --> 00:10:50,349 [cheers and applause] 165 00:10:52,952 --> 00:10:58,157 It was the Holocaust that was visited on Hungary 166 00:10:58,224 --> 00:11:01,961 in a particularly virulent way, 167 00:11:02,028 --> 00:11:04,897 because the pace- 168 00:11:04,964 --> 00:11:09,435 400,000 people killed in a matter of a few weeks. 169 00:11:11,237 --> 00:11:14,373 So, it was a crescendo of the Holocaust. 170 00:12:18,037 --> 00:12:20,139 [GEORGE SOROS] My family was Jewish 171 00:12:20,206 --> 00:12:23,909 and this meant we became targets during the occupation. 172 00:12:25,911 --> 00:12:30,249 I would have perished if my father had not understood 173 00:12:30,316 --> 00:12:33,319 the gravity of the situation early on. 174 00:12:35,921 --> 00:12:37,423 My father obtained 175 00:12:37,490 --> 00:12:42,194 the identity papers of the concierge. 176 00:12:42,261 --> 00:12:46,265 And the man offered to do whatever he can to help. 177 00:12:46,332 --> 00:12:49,535 And we lived through the German occupation 178 00:12:49,602 --> 00:12:51,537 with false identity. 179 00:12:51,604 --> 00:12:53,873 Not only did we survive, 180 00:12:53,939 --> 00:12:58,577 but actually my father helped a number of other people 181 00:12:58,644 --> 00:12:59,945 also to survive. 182 00:13:01,380 --> 00:13:05,284 That shaped my outlook on life 183 00:13:05,351 --> 00:13:09,221 preparing me to face harsh reality. 184 00:13:09,288 --> 00:13:13,893 And instead of giving in, actually trying to prevail. 185 00:13:16,495 --> 00:13:18,030 -When we were young, we used to dance. 186 00:13:18,097 --> 00:13:19,231 We don't dance anymore. 187 00:13:20,966 --> 00:13:23,235 I don't have any pictures of when we were young. 188 00:13:23,302 --> 00:13:24,570 -Do you remember when you met George? 189 00:13:24,637 --> 00:13:27,072 -Yes, I met George 190 00:13:27,139 --> 00:13:28,908 when we were around the swimming pool 191 00:13:28,974 --> 00:13:32,244 and his father walked around with him on his shoulder. 192 00:13:33,245 --> 00:13:36,448 When he grew up, he had a hard time with his mother, 193 00:13:36,515 --> 00:13:38,484 with his father and with his brother. 194 00:13:38,551 --> 00:13:40,452 They were all pretty tough on him. 195 00:13:40,519 --> 00:13:42,321 They really were. 196 00:13:42,388 --> 00:13:44,590 And he was beaten up a lot with young other boys. 197 00:13:44,657 --> 00:13:46,992 And I remember he was around seven or eight 198 00:13:47,059 --> 00:13:50,229 and his father made him climb very high up to jump. 199 00:13:50,296 --> 00:13:54,333 And I was terrified. And his father said, \"Go, go.\" 200 00:13:54,400 --> 00:13:55,935 I mean, his father pushed him and pushed him. 201 00:13:56,001 --> 00:13:59,538 He ruled everybody. 202 00:13:59,605 --> 00:14:02,675 When he said, \"Jump,\" you jumped, believe me. 203 00:14:02,741 --> 00:14:04,410 My father has certainly talked 204 00:14:04,476 --> 00:14:07,346 about how influential he was 205 00:14:07,413 --> 00:14:08,681 and how much he looked up to his father 206 00:14:08,747 --> 00:14:11,417 and how important he was to him. 207 00:14:11,483 --> 00:14:15,221 As much as any son will see their father as a hero, 208 00:14:17,223 --> 00:14:18,624 my father really had that experience 209 00:14:18,691 --> 00:14:25,397 of his father taking risks and being creative and clever 210 00:14:25,464 --> 00:14:29,635 and extremely astute; recognizing that something is happening 211 00:14:29,702 --> 00:14:33,639 and not shielding yourself from it because you don't like it. 212 00:14:33,706 --> 00:14:35,975 That was Tivadar's ability in that moment 213 00:14:36,041 --> 00:14:38,244 was he could see the world was going upside down. 214 00:14:38,310 --> 00:14:40,379 The State which is meant to protect us 215 00:14:40,446 --> 00:14:42,448 is going to be our enemy. 216 00:14:42,514 --> 00:14:45,918 We have to do dramatic things just to survive. 217 00:14:48,621 --> 00:14:51,156 [GEORGE SOROS] He taught me there are abnormal times 218 00:14:51,223 --> 00:14:52,958 when the normal rules don't apply. 219 00:14:55,327 --> 00:14:59,064 In normal times, if you follow orders, you generally get by. 220 00:14:59,131 --> 00:15:02,601 But, then, if you followed the orders you would actually perish. 221 00:15:07,806 --> 00:15:10,609 It was in October 1944 in Budapest 222 00:15:10,676 --> 00:15:14,546 when Jews were not allowed to buy cigarettes. 223 00:15:14,613 --> 00:15:17,316 And since George and his father 224 00:15:17,383 --> 00:15:21,353 lived under fake Christian identity 225 00:15:22,488 --> 00:15:26,592 and did not wear the yellow star on their coats, 226 00:15:26,659 --> 00:15:30,095 their father was able to go at tobacconists 227 00:15:30,162 --> 00:15:32,564 and buy a pack of cigarettes. 228 00:15:32,631 --> 00:15:34,466 And when they came out, 229 00:15:34,533 --> 00:15:37,336 there were some Jews standing there 230 00:15:37,403 --> 00:15:42,641 and asked George's father to sell them a few cigarettes. 231 00:15:42,708 --> 00:15:45,577 And then he distributed all the cigarettes 232 00:15:45,644 --> 00:15:46,946 among those Jews. 233 00:15:47,012 --> 00:15:50,449 And George asked the father, \"Why did you do this? 234 00:15:50,516 --> 00:15:53,185 \"It's so dangerous for us to come here. 235 00:15:53,252 --> 00:15:55,187 Why did you give the cigarettes to them?\" 236 00:15:55,254 --> 00:15:57,189 The answer of the father was, 237 00:15:57,256 --> 00:15:59,391 \"Because I don't want the Jews 238 00:15:59,458 --> 00:16:04,530 to think that all Christians are bad.\" 239 00:16:05,864 --> 00:16:08,667 Not because he wanted to be a good person or he had a good heart. 240 00:16:08,734 --> 00:16:10,736 That was not the reason. 241 00:16:10,803 --> 00:16:16,408 The reason was something more fundamental and deeper. 242 00:16:16,475 --> 00:16:20,746 Thinking about the future after all those horrors 243 00:16:20,813 --> 00:16:25,751 when Jews and Christians will have to live together once more. 244 00:16:25,818 --> 00:16:27,152 George told this story 245 00:16:27,219 --> 00:16:32,591 because it had a great impact on his way of thinking. 246 00:16:35,761 --> 00:16:37,629 -The war is something 247 00:16:37,696 --> 00:16:39,631 that's very hard for us to identify with. 248 00:16:39,698 --> 00:16:43,669 Fifty-five million people died globally from the war. 249 00:16:43,736 --> 00:16:47,673 Massive destruction of housing and infrastructure 250 00:16:47,740 --> 00:16:50,509 and schools and hospitals. 251 00:16:50,576 --> 00:16:52,644 And little kids at this time 252 00:16:52,711 --> 00:16:56,582 should never have experienced that kind of life. 253 00:16:56,648 --> 00:16:59,651 This is going to leave a lifetime impression. 254 00:16:59,718 --> 00:17:05,591 [somber music plays] 255 00:17:10,329 --> 00:17:12,598 [somber music continues] 256 00:17:17,336 --> 00:17:20,239 [bombing in the distance] 257 00:17:20,906 --> 00:17:23,475 -The Nazi troops were driven out 258 00:17:23,542 --> 00:17:25,778 and a new tyranny replaced the old. 259 00:17:28,647 --> 00:17:33,685 [GEORGE SOROS] Soviet occupation involved an active military operation 260 00:17:33,752 --> 00:17:36,155 raping and looting 261 00:17:36,221 --> 00:17:40,225 on a pretty substantial scale. 262 00:17:41,927 --> 00:17:44,430 -And the Russians came in and the first thing they did, 263 00:17:44,496 --> 00:17:46,165 they shook hands with my father 264 00:17:46,231 --> 00:17:49,234 and his palms were soft. 265 00:17:49,301 --> 00:17:51,437 So they yelled at him, \"Capitalist!\" 266 00:17:51,503 --> 00:17:54,573 and they put him against the wall with a gun at his head. 267 00:17:54,640 --> 00:17:57,176 And then they wanted to take me to the General. 268 00:17:57,242 --> 00:17:59,778 I was 16 at the time. 269 00:17:59,845 --> 00:18:01,046 The Russians were awful. 270 00:18:01,113 --> 00:18:03,849 And they picked up young people on the street 271 00:18:03,916 --> 00:18:05,517 and some of them they just shot. 272 00:18:34,346 --> 00:18:37,549 -Communism is a dream for a better world. 273 00:18:37,616 --> 00:18:40,285 Somehow, you're going to get abundance, 274 00:18:40,352 --> 00:18:43,889 social justice, peace and happiness 275 00:18:43,956 --> 00:18:46,291 delivered through class warfare. 276 00:18:46,358 --> 00:18:48,927 Now, if the old world is discredited 277 00:18:48,994 --> 00:18:50,662 and it's full of rubble 278 00:18:50,729 --> 00:18:53,365 and six million Jews have been exterminated, 279 00:18:53,432 --> 00:18:55,634 you can see how the dream for a new world 280 00:18:55,701 --> 00:18:57,769 or a better world would have resonance. 281 00:18:57,836 --> 00:18:59,538 The problem for the communists, 282 00:18:59,605 --> 00:19:04,409 you can't get to abundance, social justice and peace 283 00:19:04,476 --> 00:19:06,378 by arresting, deporting 284 00:19:06,445 --> 00:19:08,847 and murdering people for political reasons. 285 00:19:21,527 --> 00:19:23,662 We grew up aware of the hardships 286 00:19:23,729 --> 00:19:26,398 that our parents had seen in Europe. 287 00:19:26,465 --> 00:19:28,433 My father used to tell me bedtime stories 288 00:19:28,500 --> 00:19:31,670 about the Soviet occupation of Hungary 289 00:19:31,737 --> 00:19:35,307 and, you know, where his father was always the hero. 290 00:19:35,374 --> 00:19:37,676 My mother talked less about her experiences 291 00:19:37,743 --> 00:19:40,479 growing up in Germany during the war. 292 00:19:40,546 --> 00:19:43,815 But we were very aware that they were immigrants. 293 00:19:43,882 --> 00:19:46,451 We were very aware that it was war and discrimination 294 00:19:46,518 --> 00:19:48,620 that had pushed them out of Hungary. 295 00:19:51,356 --> 00:19:54,693 [GEORGE SOROS] After the war, I went to London. 296 00:19:54,760 --> 00:19:59,965 And there I got to know Karl Popper's book, 297 00:20:00,032 --> 00:20:02,834 'Open Society and Its Enemies'. 298 00:20:02,901 --> 00:20:05,437 And that had a big impact on me 299 00:20:05,504 --> 00:20:09,975 because it helped me to put my own experience 300 00:20:10,042 --> 00:20:14,713 of Communism and Nazism and these ideologies 301 00:20:14,780 --> 00:20:19,318 into a theoretical framework. 302 00:20:19,384 --> 00:20:20,719 He made the point that there is a similarity 303 00:20:20,786 --> 00:20:23,789 between Nazi regime and Communist regime 304 00:20:25,958 --> 00:20:29,995 because they both believed that they have the ultimate truth. 305 00:20:30,062 --> 00:20:32,564 And since nobody is in possession of the ultimate truth, 306 00:20:33,832 --> 00:20:38,604 if you have a dogma like that, you have to impose it by force. 307 00:20:38,670 --> 00:20:41,607 So, Communism and Nazism had something in common. 308 00:20:42,541 --> 00:20:46,578 That is something that really grabbed me. 309 00:20:47,079 --> 00:20:49,948 He proposed the alternative, 310 00:20:50,015 --> 00:20:51,016 which is an Open Society 311 00:20:51,083 --> 00:20:52,184 which is based on the recognition 312 00:20:52,251 --> 00:20:55,621 that nobody is in possession of the truth 313 00:20:55,687 --> 00:20:57,756 and therefore you need a critical process. 314 00:20:57,823 --> 00:21:01,426 And you have to respect other people's opinions and interests 315 00:21:01,493 --> 00:21:05,497 and find a way for people with different views 316 00:21:05,564 --> 00:21:08,467 to live together, which is, of course, a democracy. 317 00:21:12,771 --> 00:21:14,840 -When you came to this country after being educated in England, 318 00:21:16,441 --> 00:21:17,709 what was in your mind? 319 00:21:17,776 --> 00:21:18,977 What did you expect to find? 320 00:21:19,044 --> 00:21:21,913 What did you want to find and have you found it? 321 00:21:21,980 --> 00:21:24,116 [GEORGE SOROS] I chose the West 322 00:21:24,182 --> 00:21:27,119 because I sought for freedom. 323 00:21:27,185 --> 00:21:30,055 But to be frank, I came to America to make money. 324 00:21:30,122 --> 00:21:32,424 [audience laughter] 325 00:21:32,491 --> 00:21:34,826 I knew he was a hedge fund guy. 326 00:21:34,893 --> 00:21:37,129 This was before there were thousands and thousands of hedge funds 327 00:21:37,195 --> 00:21:39,398 like there are now. 328 00:21:39,464 --> 00:21:41,533 And I knew that he made more money 329 00:21:41,600 --> 00:21:43,802 than anybody else on Wall Street. 330 00:21:43,869 --> 00:21:49,007 My skill was always in being ahead of the crowd 331 00:21:49,074 --> 00:21:54,479 because I had this flexibility in my thinking. 332 00:21:54,546 --> 00:21:57,549 We mostly act like sheep. 333 00:21:57,616 --> 00:22:00,752 And George Soros is the one person who doesn't follow the sheep. 334 00:22:00,819 --> 00:22:02,821 In fact, if he sees a lot of the sheep running in one direction, 335 00:22:02,888 --> 00:22:04,623 he's likely to think, \"Let me look at the other direction. 336 00:22:05,190 --> 00:22:07,125 What are they running from?\" 337 00:22:07,192 --> 00:22:09,094 As we observe the world, as we think about the world, 338 00:22:09,161 --> 00:22:11,697 as we theorize about the world, 339 00:22:11,763 --> 00:22:13,532 as we form our ideas about the world, 340 00:22:14,633 --> 00:22:17,703 that has an effect on the world 341 00:22:17,769 --> 00:22:19,638 and the way the world actually behaves. 342 00:22:20,172 --> 00:22:22,040 And that's the reflexivity 343 00:22:22,107 --> 00:22:26,111 that George Soros has so forcefully articulated. 344 00:22:26,178 --> 00:22:27,779 I'll give another example. 345 00:22:29,047 --> 00:22:31,650 I'm skiing in San Moritz. 346 00:22:32,651 --> 00:22:35,654 And I buy the Financial Times. 347 00:22:35,721 --> 00:22:41,460 And I read Rolls Royce got into financial difficulty. 348 00:22:41,526 --> 00:22:45,697 And by the time I got to the top of the mountain, 349 00:22:46,231 --> 00:22:47,666 I called the broker, 350 00:22:49,000 --> 00:22:55,741 give him an order to buy British Government Bonds, Gilts. 351 00:22:55,807 --> 00:22:57,542 That's just reading. 352 00:22:58,877 --> 00:23:03,415 You know, I wasn't thinking about buying Gilts, but... 353 00:23:05,684 --> 00:23:07,619 -Explain to me, because I don't understand. 354 00:23:07,686 --> 00:23:09,121 Why does-? I don't understand. 355 00:23:09,187 --> 00:23:14,793 Because it would have enough effect on the British economy 356 00:23:14,860 --> 00:23:18,697 that the government would lower interest rates. 357 00:23:18,764 --> 00:23:24,536 And if you lower interest rates, then the price of Gilts go up. 358 00:23:24,603 --> 00:23:29,908 So, that's an example of how things get connected. 359 00:23:29,975 --> 00:23:34,079 And at the time when I was really on top of the financial markets, 360 00:23:34,146 --> 00:23:36,882 I could see these connections. 361 00:23:37,883 --> 00:23:41,920 The main lesson that I learned during the war 362 00:23:41,987 --> 00:23:45,791 is to expect the unexpected. 363 00:23:45,857 --> 00:23:50,195 I mean, the situations that you get into 364 00:23:50,262 --> 00:23:53,765 are so out of context with what you have grown up with 365 00:23:55,000 --> 00:23:57,068 that you have to examine 366 00:23:57,135 --> 00:24:00,939 the framework in which you think. 367 00:24:01,006 --> 00:24:02,741 And then you realize 368 00:24:02,808 --> 00:24:07,479 that we all work with pre-conceived ideas. 369 00:24:08,680 --> 00:24:12,551 And those ideas don't necessarily correspond to reality. 370 00:24:12,617 --> 00:24:15,754 So, there is this gap between perception and reality 371 00:24:15,821 --> 00:24:20,225 and that's the gap that I have really kind of explored 372 00:24:20,292 --> 00:24:21,693 and also exploited. 373 00:24:25,163 --> 00:24:26,531 -What's it like to have a lot of money? 374 00:24:27,899 --> 00:24:30,235 Well, first of all, 375 00:24:30,302 --> 00:24:32,704 it's very pleasant. 376 00:24:32,771 --> 00:24:36,241 because you don't have concerns. 377 00:24:39,644 --> 00:24:42,180 It also gives you a degree of freedom. 378 00:24:43,315 --> 00:24:46,852 And it also gives you a degree of power. 379 00:24:46,918 --> 00:24:48,854 -The act of making money, 380 00:24:48,920 --> 00:24:54,926 the stress and intensity of it made him miserable. 381 00:24:54,993 --> 00:24:57,863 It was really difficult and unpleasant 382 00:24:57,929 --> 00:24:59,130 partly because he was taking extraordinary risks. 383 00:25:01,199 --> 00:25:03,268 -In my normal life, 384 00:25:03,335 --> 00:25:06,571 I found the people around me rather boring. 385 00:25:08,006 --> 00:25:11,209 And in fact, I would say that, 386 00:25:12,244 --> 00:25:16,214 I spent a lot of time of which I have no memory 387 00:25:16,281 --> 00:25:18,216 because I wasn't really there. 388 00:25:19,217 --> 00:25:21,353 I just wasn't interested. 389 00:25:21,419 --> 00:25:22,420 I think there were a number of transitions 390 00:25:22,487 --> 00:25:24,356 that were occurring simultaneously. 391 00:25:24,422 --> 00:25:27,158 He was getting divorced from my mother. 392 00:25:27,225 --> 00:25:29,361 At that point in his life he had sort of made more money 393 00:25:29,427 --> 00:25:31,630 than he could ever spend in his life. 394 00:25:31,696 --> 00:25:34,165 He was getting demotivated by the business 395 00:25:34,232 --> 00:25:38,169 and it was in some ways a very unhappy time. 396 00:25:39,838 --> 00:25:44,175 Just when I sort of reached 50 397 00:25:46,711 --> 00:25:49,247 and had been extremely successful, 398 00:25:50,148 --> 00:25:51,917 it took a lot out of me. 399 00:25:51,983 --> 00:25:53,718 It was very draining 400 00:25:53,785 --> 00:25:58,256 and it didn't seem worth putting all that effort 401 00:25:58,323 --> 00:26:01,660 and taking all that pain and punishment 402 00:26:01,726 --> 00:26:06,731 that running a hedge fund meant just to make more money. 403 00:26:08,133 --> 00:26:11,102 That was all part of this period of turmoil. 404 00:26:11,169 --> 00:26:12,804 What's the meaning of my life? 405 00:26:12,871 --> 00:26:14,272 Why am I doing what I'm doing? 406 00:26:15,407 --> 00:26:17,876 And I asked myself why am I doing it. 407 00:26:25,016 --> 00:26:28,153 [sounds of the city] 408 00:26:28,219 --> 00:26:29,354 [menancing music plays] 409 00:26:32,424 --> 00:26:33,825 -Given the situation, 410 00:26:33,892 --> 00:26:38,363 the situation as we find it here in South Africa, 411 00:26:38,430 --> 00:26:41,833 we had to exploit alternative means 412 00:26:41,900 --> 00:26:47,238 to solve the problems or to restructure society 413 00:26:47,305 --> 00:26:51,309 without endangering the future of the Whites. 414 00:26:51,376 --> 00:26:54,379 I mean, basically, one may dither about it, 415 00:26:54,446 --> 00:26:57,182 but it is a matter of White survival. 416 00:26:58,049 --> 00:27:00,318 -This Nationalist Party 417 00:27:00,385 --> 00:27:02,387 has been governing South Africa for 26 years 418 00:27:02,454 --> 00:27:05,724 under very difficult circumstances. 419 00:27:05,790 --> 00:27:08,460 And I say to you, apart from anything else, 420 00:27:08,526 --> 00:27:10,328 the merit of the National Party lies in the fact 421 00:27:10,395 --> 00:27:13,865 that it has been able to help support South Africa 422 00:27:13,932 --> 00:27:16,901 for 26 years in the face of all these difficulties. 423 00:27:16,968 --> 00:27:19,804 [cheering and applause] 424 00:27:20,939 --> 00:27:24,409 [PROF. GERT OLIVIER] -We are trying to tell the world our intentions are good 425 00:27:24,476 --> 00:27:27,212 and they can be explained 426 00:27:27,278 --> 00:27:30,148 in terms of Christian moral principles. 427 00:27:30,215 --> 00:27:32,350 But, of course, this all will take time. 428 00:27:32,417 --> 00:27:36,154 [menacing music continues] 429 00:27:36,221 --> 00:27:39,024 -George Soros had been very taken 430 00:27:39,090 --> 00:27:41,826 with the anti-Apartheid cause. 431 00:27:43,495 --> 00:27:46,331 -We believe that in our country there shall be no minority. 432 00:27:46,398 --> 00:27:47,766 There shall be no majority. There shall just be people. 433 00:27:49,501 --> 00:27:53,772 And those people will have the same status before the law. 434 00:27:53,838 --> 00:27:56,941 [GEORGE SOROS] I got to know Africa from the inside 435 00:27:57,008 --> 00:27:59,444 because I had a friend. 436 00:27:59,511 --> 00:28:01,913 He was lecturing in sociology. 437 00:28:03,114 --> 00:28:07,052 And he decided to return to Africa. 438 00:28:07,118 --> 00:28:11,122 And that gave me an opportunity to come and visit him. 439 00:28:12,257 --> 00:28:16,094 And I got to know the South African situation 440 00:28:16,161 --> 00:28:18,730 from the Black point of view. 441 00:28:20,398 --> 00:28:23,935 -George could envision a post-Apartheid South Africa, 442 00:28:25,003 --> 00:28:30,241 but he thought what was needed were educated Blacks 443 00:28:30,308 --> 00:28:33,344 who could play a part 444 00:28:33,411 --> 00:28:38,483 in the governance of a future South Africa 445 00:28:38,550 --> 00:28:41,820 that was not ruled by the White minority. 446 00:28:43,488 --> 00:28:47,459 All I say as an Afrikaner, we got news for you. 447 00:28:49,327 --> 00:28:53,131 So, we will have news against those black South Africans 448 00:28:53,198 --> 00:28:55,366 who want to take us over. 449 00:28:55,433 --> 00:28:57,102 And if we're taking the matter to a crunch, 450 00:28:57,168 --> 00:29:00,538 we will and must, necessarily, 451 00:29:00,605 --> 00:29:02,173 if we believe in the survival of our nation, fight them off. 452 00:29:02,941 --> 00:29:10,915 [gun shots, people screaming] 453 00:29:13,585 --> 00:29:16,454 You people, let's get you out now very quickly, okay? 454 00:29:16,521 --> 00:29:17,789 Okay. 455 00:29:19,190 --> 00:29:20,091 Because you people are the fucking cause of this now. 456 00:29:20,158 --> 00:29:20,592 -Yeah, all right. -So get out. 457 00:29:20,658 --> 00:29:20,725 Okay. 458 00:29:26,631 --> 00:29:27,999 [GEORGE SOROS] -I thought this is a place 459 00:29:28,066 --> 00:29:31,136 where you could really make an impact 460 00:29:31,202 --> 00:29:33,805 by empowering through education. 461 00:29:34,606 --> 00:29:36,941 -Those scholarships were for Black students. 462 00:29:37,675 --> 00:29:40,278 There was a need to make funds available 463 00:29:40,345 --> 00:29:43,148 to pay for accommodation, make funds available 464 00:29:43,214 --> 00:29:45,416 to pay for books that would be required, 465 00:29:45,483 --> 00:29:48,419 but also for living expenses. 466 00:29:48,486 --> 00:29:52,557 We did find out that there was this benefactor, George Soros, 467 00:29:52,624 --> 00:29:55,960 who was behind those scholarships. 468 00:29:57,428 --> 00:30:02,834 [GEORGE SOROS] That was my first serious philanthropic enterprise of my own. 469 00:30:04,035 --> 00:30:07,172 If there were these individuals who didn't know who I was 470 00:30:07,238 --> 00:30:08,640 and were willing to help, 471 00:30:08,706 --> 00:30:12,310 what responsibility does that put on me 472 00:30:12,377 --> 00:30:15,180 to then emulate and also pay it forward? 473 00:30:15,246 --> 00:30:17,916 What can I and the others do to ensure 474 00:30:17,982 --> 00:30:20,318 that we built the South Africa we want to live in? 475 00:30:23,388 --> 00:30:29,627 -I did have juvenile fantasies of saving the world. 476 00:30:29,694 --> 00:30:34,933 So, I had the sort of what I called, \"messianic fantasies\", 477 00:30:34,999 --> 00:30:39,337 which I think most adolescents have. 478 00:30:39,404 --> 00:30:43,541 I've been somewhat more successful 479 00:30:43,608 --> 00:30:46,344 of actually acting out those fantasies. 480 00:30:49,681 --> 00:30:51,282 For him it was critically important to show 481 00:30:51,349 --> 00:30:55,186 that you're not simply helping people like you. 482 00:30:56,554 --> 00:30:59,691 You're not just morally responsible for your part of the world. 483 00:30:59,757 --> 00:31:02,227 As in, you're not simply responsible for your family 484 00:31:02,293 --> 00:31:04,429 or for your country. 485 00:31:04,495 --> 00:31:06,364 That in a certain way you're responsible 486 00:31:06,431 --> 00:31:08,633 for everything that is happening in the world. 487 00:31:08,700 --> 00:31:11,369 And I do believe that the symbolism of the South Africa, 488 00:31:12,203 --> 00:31:16,307 the fact that you have this white Hungarian 489 00:31:16,374 --> 00:31:19,010 who probably didn't know very much the place, 490 00:31:19,077 --> 00:31:22,247 going there was also a message 491 00:31:22,313 --> 00:31:25,149 about the borders of our moral responsibility. 492 00:31:25,216 --> 00:31:27,385 The idea is that if you want to be free, 493 00:31:27,452 --> 00:31:29,120 the only conditions for this to happen 494 00:31:29,187 --> 00:31:30,188 is that everybody should be free. 495 00:31:31,723 --> 00:31:37,328 [birds chirping] 496 00:32:12,664 --> 00:32:15,166 -Human Rights Watch would meet every Wednesday morning. 497 00:32:15,233 --> 00:32:16,968 And George began attending those meetings 498 00:32:17,502 --> 00:32:20,571 really because of his interest in what it looked to be 499 00:32:20,638 --> 00:32:23,174 like an incredibly uphill struggle 500 00:32:23,241 --> 00:32:25,276 to try to ensure protection for rights 501 00:32:26,110 --> 00:32:27,979 in Soviet-dominated Eastern Europe. 502 00:32:30,682 --> 00:32:33,184 Not everybody was arrested by the police. 503 00:32:33,251 --> 00:32:38,089 But everybody has the fear that, \"Oh, we had a drink yesterday 504 00:32:38,156 --> 00:32:40,058 \"and I made this statement, 505 00:32:40,124 --> 00:32:41,392 could he tell this to somebody?\" 506 00:32:42,794 --> 00:32:44,529 And I do believe this nature 507 00:32:44,595 --> 00:32:48,099 of the everyday horror of the system 508 00:32:48,166 --> 00:32:51,235 is something that is totally forgotten. 509 00:32:51,302 --> 00:32:55,740 -And it's a terrible system of universal informing, 510 00:32:55,807 --> 00:32:58,142 universal following. 511 00:32:58,209 --> 00:33:02,347 You cannot trust a single person there. 512 00:33:02,413 --> 00:33:04,415 It's quite possible for a son to inform on his father 513 00:33:04,482 --> 00:33:06,617 or a wife on her husband, 514 00:33:06,684 --> 00:33:09,420 not to mention what friends can do to friends. 515 00:33:10,822 --> 00:33:13,424 How long can a man go on living like that? 516 00:33:14,692 --> 00:33:16,160 [SPEAKING RUSSIAN] 517 00:33:16,861 --> 00:33:17,562 I don't know. 518 00:33:22,166 --> 00:33:23,701 -I would invite people 519 00:33:23,768 --> 00:33:26,637 who had come to my office with their stories 520 00:33:26,704 --> 00:33:28,639 and let them come and tell people what was happening, 521 00:33:28,706 --> 00:33:30,508 tell them what was happening to their father 522 00:33:30,575 --> 00:33:31,843 or their mother or their uncle. 523 00:33:31,909 --> 00:33:33,244 I think he learned, as we all did, 524 00:33:33,311 --> 00:33:35,380 by sitting around the table 525 00:33:35,446 --> 00:33:36,848 of those Wednesday morning meetings 526 00:33:36,914 --> 00:33:39,283 learning about what was happening 527 00:33:39,350 --> 00:33:40,585 and then talking about what we could do about it. 528 00:33:42,653 --> 00:33:45,690 Participating in the work of human rights 529 00:33:45,757 --> 00:33:48,526 was kind of a learning experience for me. 530 00:33:49,727 --> 00:33:51,496 It was my apprenticeship. 531 00:33:52,730 --> 00:33:56,534 -He thought individuals could make a difference 532 00:33:56,601 --> 00:33:59,737 in dealing with oppressive regimes. 533 00:34:00,772 --> 00:34:02,540 A grantee of mine 534 00:34:02,607 --> 00:34:06,711 was a school friend of George Soros'. 535 00:34:06,778 --> 00:34:09,547 And he told me that there was this rich man 536 00:34:09,614 --> 00:34:12,316 somewhere in the States I should contact. 537 00:34:12,383 --> 00:34:13,684 But I couldn't find him. 538 00:34:13,751 --> 00:34:16,154 Nobody knew George, but George found me, 539 00:34:16,220 --> 00:34:18,156 so, this is how we met. 540 00:34:18,222 --> 00:34:20,625 He asked me how much I needed. 541 00:34:20,691 --> 00:34:25,830 I said, \"Well, 10,000 would be really helpful.\" 542 00:34:25,897 --> 00:34:27,832 And he said, \"What? $10,000?\" 543 00:34:28,499 --> 00:34:30,301 And I said, \"Oh gosh, I asked too much.\" 544 00:34:30,968 --> 00:34:32,904 But then I stood up for it 545 00:34:32,970 --> 00:34:35,173 and said, \"Yes, that will be really great.\" 546 00:34:35,239 --> 00:34:37,508 He just shook his head and said, \"Think larger.\" 547 00:34:39,844 --> 00:34:44,649 -So, you began to move around Eastern Europe making alliances... 548 00:34:44,715 --> 00:34:47,218 ...with pro-Democratic individuals. - Yes. 549 00:34:47,285 --> 00:34:50,321 -Investing in human beings. 550 00:34:50,388 --> 00:34:52,390 -You see, all I did was to find them and to support them. 551 00:34:54,392 --> 00:34:56,260 And all the work was done by them. 552 00:34:57,929 --> 00:34:59,197 -And with your money and... 553 00:34:59,263 --> 00:35:00,431 Yes, my support. 554 00:35:03,534 --> 00:35:06,237 -One of the things that totalitarian regimes did 555 00:35:06,304 --> 00:35:09,707 was control by surveillance and control of the media, 556 00:35:11,476 --> 00:35:13,010 how people talked to one another. 557 00:35:13,077 --> 00:35:17,348 So, when the Soros Foundations began to give copying machines, 558 00:35:18,416 --> 00:35:20,618 people could communicate with one another in ways 559 00:35:20,685 --> 00:35:23,321 which the government found harder and harder to control. 560 00:35:44,442 --> 00:35:47,512 His idea was you have to support a lot 561 00:35:47,578 --> 00:35:49,814 in different places 562 00:35:49,881 --> 00:35:50,748 to help open society. 563 00:35:53,017 --> 00:35:56,254 [VO] The threat was that their criticism of the Communist Party 564 00:35:57,522 --> 00:35:59,657 and the socialist way of life 565 00:35:59,724 --> 00:36:02,493 would become a platform for attacking the regime, 566 00:36:04,362 --> 00:36:05,596 could turn into an organized political force. 567 00:36:07,064 --> 00:36:08,733 That was what we were afraid of. 568 00:36:19,010 --> 00:36:21,412 -He financed a huge variety of programs 569 00:36:21,479 --> 00:36:24,582 like travels of researchers, scientists 570 00:36:24,649 --> 00:36:28,619 and the young who attend courses at western universities. 571 00:36:30,054 --> 00:36:33,958 These purposes did have a common denominator 572 00:36:34,025 --> 00:36:36,527 which was opening up the country. 573 00:36:38,763 --> 00:36:43,834 [GEORGE SOROS] I could see an opening in the Soviet system. 574 00:36:46,904 --> 00:36:52,310 I sort of interpreted it as a boom-bust kind of sequence 575 00:36:52,376 --> 00:36:53,811 which was approaching the bust. 576 00:37:04,789 --> 00:37:07,725 I look at history the same way as I look at financial markets. 577 00:37:09,427 --> 00:37:12,797 I think of financial markets as a historical process. 578 00:37:12,863 --> 00:37:15,466 In other words, that they're not really tending towards equilibrium. 579 00:37:15,533 --> 00:37:17,735 They'll never go back to where they came from. 580 00:37:17,802 --> 00:37:20,404 They always move forward in some way. 581 00:37:20,471 --> 00:37:22,540 And the same is true of history. 582 00:37:27,678 --> 00:37:29,413 [crowd cheers] 583 00:37:34,952 --> 00:37:39,423 Perhaps, besides John Paul II, 584 00:37:39,490 --> 00:37:41,759 Gorbachev and Lech Walesa, 585 00:37:43,127 --> 00:37:45,096 he played the most important role 586 00:37:45,162 --> 00:37:47,632 in getting rid of communism, 587 00:37:48,833 --> 00:37:51,435 his efforts in these countries. 588 00:37:52,970 --> 00:37:56,507 That was the kind of the adventure, 589 00:37:56,574 --> 00:38:01,512 the particular satisfaction for me 590 00:38:01,579 --> 00:38:03,781 to engage in that kind of activity. 591 00:38:06,717 --> 00:38:09,520 -It was a sea of Russian people, I mean, that's what it was. 592 00:38:09,587 --> 00:38:11,856 -That's insane to even see that many people. 593 00:38:14,725 --> 00:38:16,160 -This was in 1991, you know, the curtain came down and all of that. 594 00:38:16,227 --> 00:38:17,828 And it was a free concert in the airfield 595 00:38:17,895 --> 00:38:19,730 as far as the eye could see and it was just people. 596 00:38:21,098 --> 00:38:22,733 We get on stage and do what we do. 597 00:38:24,368 --> 00:38:26,837 And that helicopter would come down close 598 00:38:26,904 --> 00:38:28,673 and they were yelling at people, like, \"Stop!\" 599 00:38:28,739 --> 00:38:31,475 People were moshing or going crazy. 600 00:38:31,542 --> 00:38:34,412 And down in the front there, there were guys in uniforms. 601 00:38:34,478 --> 00:38:36,447 So, they're standing there in their uniforms 602 00:38:36,514 --> 00:38:38,949 and after three or four songs, they're like, \"Fuck this.\" 603 00:38:39,016 --> 00:38:40,584 And they took off their stuff 604 00:38:40,651 --> 00:38:43,854 and they're out there head banging and having a good time. 605 00:38:43,921 --> 00:38:50,561 So, we saw the transformation of a closed-down society 606 00:38:50,628 --> 00:38:55,566 to freedom right before us individually in people. 607 00:38:55,633 --> 00:38:56,701 It was awesome. 608 00:38:59,704 --> 00:39:01,906 There are very few people in the world 609 00:39:01,972 --> 00:39:03,841 that wake up in the morning and say, \"I want to change the world.\" 610 00:39:03,908 --> 00:39:06,711 And most of the people who do that are to be feared. 611 00:39:06,777 --> 00:39:11,048 There you have Hitler, Stalin, Genghis Kahn. 612 00:39:11,115 --> 00:39:15,119 You have kinds of megalomaniacal, violent people 613 00:39:15,186 --> 00:39:19,457 who think somehow their relationship to the world 614 00:39:19,523 --> 00:39:21,759 is one that invites domination. 615 00:39:21,826 --> 00:39:25,996 That's not the normal response people have. 616 00:39:26,063 --> 00:39:28,466 People wake up in the morning and say, 617 00:39:28,532 --> 00:39:30,501 \"Can I get through the day? Will I be in one piece?\" 618 00:39:30,568 --> 00:39:34,538 So the kind of vision that makes someone think 619 00:39:34,605 --> 00:39:37,608 they can have an impact on the world 620 00:39:37,675 --> 00:39:41,212 is a level of ambition that inhabits very few people. 621 00:39:41,278 --> 00:39:42,646 I'm wondering to what extent 622 00:39:42,713 --> 00:39:47,551 you think your ideas about the international community, 623 00:39:47,618 --> 00:39:50,821 about reform, about all the things you're involved in, 624 00:39:52,022 --> 00:39:53,124 got a better hearing 625 00:39:53,190 --> 00:39:55,893 as you accumulated great sums of money? 626 00:39:55,960 --> 00:39:58,696 That people assumed, \"He's got to know what he's talking about here, 627 00:39:58,763 --> 00:40:00,164 because look at all the money he's made.\" 628 00:40:00,231 --> 00:40:02,900 Well, absolutely. 629 00:40:02,967 --> 00:40:05,536 The fact that I have a platform is entirely due to the fact 630 00:40:05,603 --> 00:40:07,938 that I have made a few billion dollars. 631 00:40:08,005 --> 00:40:12,777 [audience laughter] 632 00:40:16,247 --> 00:40:20,651 In a way, the financial markets 633 00:40:20,718 --> 00:40:25,189 served as a laboratory for testing my ideas. 634 00:40:25,256 --> 00:40:28,526 So I think the fact that I've been successful 635 00:40:28,592 --> 00:40:34,799 at least sets up some, let's say, justification 636 00:40:34,865 --> 00:40:37,067 for thinking that there is something in those ideas, 637 00:40:37,134 --> 00:40:38,869 that they are not all nonsense. 638 00:40:41,672 --> 00:40:44,275 -In '92, George had been investing for a decade or more 639 00:40:44,341 --> 00:40:46,544 in trying to bring the downfall of communism, 640 00:40:46,610 --> 00:40:50,014 of socialist totalitarianism in the former Soviet Union 641 00:40:50,080 --> 00:40:51,715 and Eastern Europe and elsewhere. 642 00:40:51,782 --> 00:40:54,718 And then that objective was accomplished 643 00:40:54,785 --> 00:40:58,589 much more rapidly than he or anybody else anticipated. 644 00:40:58,656 --> 00:41:00,891 And at that point he had to ask himself the question, 645 00:41:00,958 --> 00:41:03,694 these societies in former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe 646 00:41:03,761 --> 00:41:06,697 are trying to establish open societies, 647 00:41:06,764 --> 00:41:08,199 well, what actually is the model open society? 648 00:41:09,767 --> 00:41:13,971 The idea of an open society is, you know, what are the levers, 649 00:41:14,038 --> 00:41:16,140 what are the aspects of society that have to be free and open 650 00:41:16,207 --> 00:41:19,109 in order to give members of that society 651 00:41:19,176 --> 00:41:22,880 the opportunity for expression and participation? 652 00:41:22,947 --> 00:41:24,648 Voting is one aspect of that, but there are many others. 653 00:41:26,183 --> 00:41:26,884 You're saying Eritrea is going to wait three or four decades 654 00:41:26,951 --> 00:41:29,019 before it holds elections? 655 00:41:29,086 --> 00:41:31,755 Maybe more, maybe more. Who knows? 656 00:41:31,822 --> 00:41:34,992 Well, aren't elections a central element of a democracy? 657 00:41:35,059 --> 00:41:37,127 And if you don't have elections, then you don't have a democracy. 658 00:41:37,194 --> 00:41:39,663 It depends on what you mean by democracy. 659 00:41:41,098 --> 00:41:42,600 I think probably the most defining feature 660 00:41:42,666 --> 00:41:48,005 of a modern open society is institutionalization of doubt. 661 00:41:48,072 --> 00:41:50,007 Is questioning things. 662 00:41:50,074 --> 00:41:54,311 And I think free press, independent press 663 00:41:54,378 --> 00:41:57,882 is the best means for that, is the best tool for that. 664 00:41:57,948 --> 00:42:01,352 Imagine a President who pointed out a journalist 665 00:42:01,418 --> 00:42:03,754 and threatened him in saying 666 00:42:03,821 --> 00:42:05,222 that this journalist will pay a heavy price. 667 00:42:05,289 --> 00:42:07,057 And afterwards, I was shot at. 668 00:42:07,124 --> 00:42:08,492 [gun shot] 669 00:42:08,559 --> 00:42:13,898 The law can be an instrument of liberation and equality 670 00:42:13,964 --> 00:42:15,933 and fairness or it can be an instrument of oppression. 671 00:42:16,000 --> 00:42:18,302 -Kalief Browder at the age of 16 672 00:42:18,369 --> 00:42:20,771 was accused of stealing a backpack, 673 00:42:20,838 --> 00:42:22,773 held at Rikers for more than a thousand days 674 00:42:22,840 --> 00:42:24,775 without a trial before he was released. 675 00:42:26,110 --> 00:42:28,312 -The judge told me if I plead guilty, 676 00:42:28,379 --> 00:42:30,180 I would be released from jail that same day, 677 00:42:30,247 --> 00:42:31,248 but I didn't do it. 678 00:42:33,117 --> 00:42:35,085 Freedom of expression of all kinds, 679 00:42:35,152 --> 00:42:37,087 but certainly artistic freedom of expression 680 00:42:37,154 --> 00:42:38,923 is absolutely fundamental. 681 00:42:38,989 --> 00:42:40,925 People need that freedom 682 00:42:40,991 --> 00:42:43,127 whether they exercise it or not, they have to have it. 683 00:42:43,994 --> 00:42:47,831 -Religious conservatives in Iran are not kidding 684 00:42:47,898 --> 00:42:50,734 when they warn against so-called decadent Western behavior. 685 00:42:50,801 --> 00:42:52,403 Six men and women were arrested 686 00:42:52,469 --> 00:42:55,739 for dancing on YouTube to the song, \"Happy.\" 687 00:42:58,742 --> 00:43:00,678 Freedom of religion, 688 00:43:00,744 --> 00:43:02,212 but not the right to deprive others of similar freedoms 689 00:43:02,279 --> 00:43:03,647 in the name of religion. 690 00:43:04,181 --> 00:43:06,083 -Nabila Korad is 17. 691 00:43:06,150 --> 00:43:08,953 She and her older sister, Hind, 692 00:43:09,019 --> 00:43:11,155 refused to take off their scarves in school and were expelled. 693 00:43:13,924 --> 00:43:15,092 Education. 694 00:43:15,159 --> 00:43:17,361 Education that has critical thinking at its heart, 695 00:43:17,428 --> 00:43:18,829 not just becoming literate. 696 00:43:21,198 --> 00:43:24,134 -Roma children are on the margins of society across Eastern Europe 697 00:43:24,201 --> 00:43:27,204 where poor access to education stifles opportunities. 698 00:43:35,245 --> 00:43:38,248 Rights are an aspiration for how we want to live. 699 00:43:38,315 --> 00:43:40,985 I decide how I live, 700 00:43:41,051 --> 00:43:44,321 what I say, what I think, whom I love, 701 00:43:44,388 --> 00:43:47,124 who I associate with and who I want to be. 702 00:43:47,191 --> 00:43:49,860 This is what open society is about. 703 00:43:49,927 --> 00:43:52,262 It's not simply certain values that you can recite 704 00:43:52,329 --> 00:43:55,132 and it's not about basically certain philosophy. 705 00:43:55,199 --> 00:43:57,334 It is the idea of a self-correcting society. 706 00:44:02,272 --> 00:44:04,008 I actually remember in high school 707 00:44:04,074 --> 00:44:05,876 a classmate asking me, 708 00:44:05,943 --> 00:44:08,145 \"Why would your father give to the Hungarians 709 00:44:08,212 --> 00:44:11,749 when they tried to, you know, kill your family?\" 710 00:44:11,815 --> 00:44:15,786 And he said that he was determined to go back 711 00:44:15,853 --> 00:44:19,857 and help create a society of which he could actually live. 712 00:44:22,493 --> 00:44:24,628 -There may be many people alive today 713 00:44:24,695 --> 00:44:27,765 with a vision of how they would like to change the world. 714 00:44:27,831 --> 00:44:29,967 George Soros must be one of only a handful 715 00:44:30,034 --> 00:44:33,904 with both the means and the determination to do so. 716 00:44:33,971 --> 00:44:35,372 You'd like an example? 717 00:44:35,439 --> 00:44:37,141 How about his recent commitment 718 00:44:37,207 --> 00:44:39,376 to give 500 million dollars to Russia 719 00:44:39,443 --> 00:44:41,378 over the next three years 720 00:44:41,445 --> 00:44:44,782 to improve education and health care 721 00:44:44,848 --> 00:44:46,850 and to retrain the military for civilian jobs. 722 00:44:49,186 --> 00:44:50,187 [LAURA SILBER] -There was a sense that societies 723 00:44:50,254 --> 00:44:52,189 could be transformed 724 00:44:52,256 --> 00:44:55,325 that with resources you could build democracy, 725 00:44:55,392 --> 00:44:58,262 freedom, open society. 726 00:44:58,328 --> 00:45:00,397 [GEORGE SOROS] Meeting interesting people, 727 00:45:00,464 --> 00:45:01,865 being at the height of the times. 728 00:45:03,067 --> 00:45:05,536 being involved in history 729 00:45:05,602 --> 00:45:09,740 was something that really intrigued me and attracted me. 730 00:45:14,411 --> 00:45:17,948 The philanthropy started gradually 731 00:45:18,015 --> 00:45:21,418 and then it became, you know, this huge enterprise. 732 00:45:24,154 --> 00:45:25,556 [LAURA SILBER] -George started expanding his work 733 00:45:25,622 --> 00:45:27,091 and expanded from Central Europe 734 00:45:27,157 --> 00:45:31,829 to all over Africa, all over Latin America, 735 00:45:31,895 --> 00:45:34,431 all over Asia, all over the United States 736 00:45:34,498 --> 00:45:37,768 working in over 120 countries. 737 00:45:41,338 --> 00:45:43,907 What they do is to try to get to the grassroots people 738 00:45:45,442 --> 00:45:47,945 to see what they think of their society, 739 00:45:49,313 --> 00:45:52,316 how they can participate more openly, 740 00:45:53,317 --> 00:45:56,787 how can their views be taken into account? 741 00:45:58,188 --> 00:46:02,159 [GEORGE SOROS] When we see a problem that we feel needs addressing 742 00:46:02,226 --> 00:46:06,163 and if we can identify a group of people 743 00:46:06,230 --> 00:46:10,000 who happens to know it and understand it 744 00:46:10,067 --> 00:46:12,870 and have a way of dealing with it, 745 00:46:12,936 --> 00:46:17,207 then we empower him or an organization to do it. 746 00:46:20,077 --> 00:46:22,146 -How do you know 747 00:46:22,212 --> 00:46:23,413 people aren't going to take advantage of you? 748 00:46:23,480 --> 00:46:29,019 I tend to give it the benefit of the doubt. 749 00:46:29,086 --> 00:46:31,155 So, I start off basically... 750 00:46:33,957 --> 00:46:37,161 acting in a trusting sort of way 751 00:46:37,227 --> 00:46:38,428 and see what happens. 752 00:46:41,098 --> 00:46:46,436 As long as I don't lose trust, they are in charge. 753 00:46:46,503 --> 00:46:50,274 They know better what the situation in the country is. 754 00:46:51,441 --> 00:46:55,212 Quite often their perception is different from mine 755 00:46:55,279 --> 00:46:56,513 and usually they are right. 756 00:47:00,384 --> 00:47:04,988 It was about 20 years ago. 757 00:47:05,055 --> 00:47:08,325 At that time we went to 144th Street 758 00:47:08,392 --> 00:47:10,194 which was one of the worst places in Harlem. 759 00:47:10,260 --> 00:47:14,631 There were like no white people on 144th Street. 760 00:47:14,698 --> 00:47:18,335 It was so unusual to have someone from the outside 761 00:47:18,402 --> 00:47:20,103 come to 144th Street. 762 00:47:20,170 --> 00:47:21,939 And then we looked down the block 763 00:47:22,005 --> 00:47:25,342 and there was this one guy walking down 144th Street. 764 00:47:25,409 --> 00:47:27,077 He had gotten off way before the school. 765 00:47:27,144 --> 00:47:28,946 And it was George, 766 00:47:29,012 --> 00:47:30,681 and I just couldn't believe that was George Soros. 767 00:47:30,747 --> 00:47:33,650 He was trying to figure something out for himself 768 00:47:33,717 --> 00:47:36,954 and he didn't want the filter of a bunch of sycophants 769 00:47:37,020 --> 00:47:39,389 trying to translate. 770 00:47:39,456 --> 00:47:40,991 He wanted to go directly to these young people and talk to them, 771 00:47:41,058 --> 00:47:42,526 which is what he did; we had a table. 772 00:47:42,593 --> 00:47:45,229 We had kids sit around it and George asked them 773 00:47:45,295 --> 00:47:48,398 what it was like growing up in Harlem, 774 00:47:48,465 --> 00:47:50,100 what were their challenges, what were their fears, 775 00:47:50,167 --> 00:47:51,268 what did they feel good about? 776 00:47:51,335 --> 00:47:54,204 And he decided that he wanted to help. 777 00:47:55,305 --> 00:47:58,609 My father was very much my role model, 778 00:47:59,710 --> 00:48:07,050 but he was helping people all his life on a personal basis. 779 00:48:07,117 --> 00:48:11,388 He was doing it retail, person-to-person. 780 00:48:11,455 --> 00:48:14,258 And I was doing it wholesale. 781 00:48:14,324 --> 00:48:20,264 I was spending a large amount of money 782 00:48:20,330 --> 00:48:24,935 on people whom I did not know. 783 00:48:26,069 --> 00:48:29,139 People tend to feel that these problems are so huge, 784 00:48:29,206 --> 00:48:32,142 leave it to the governments, leave it to others. 785 00:48:32,209 --> 00:48:34,678 What can I as an individual do? 786 00:48:34,745 --> 00:48:37,581 But George never has that attitude. 787 00:48:37,648 --> 00:48:40,317 George always feels an individual can make a difference 788 00:48:40,384 --> 00:48:41,952 and doesn't hesitate to try. 789 00:49:21,291 --> 00:49:22,259 Then what happened? 790 00:49:22,326 --> 00:49:23,593 How did you have a war 791 00:49:23,660 --> 00:49:25,729 when you had such a wonderful culture? 792 00:49:25,796 --> 00:49:30,067 We didn't see what the Nationalists were cooking up. 793 00:49:30,133 --> 00:49:35,339 [explosions] 794 00:49:39,676 --> 00:49:41,144 -Two-thirds of Bosnia 795 00:49:41,211 --> 00:49:45,415 has been attacked by Serbian forces. 796 00:49:46,450 --> 00:49:51,221 The Serbs were not attacking anybody else territories. 797 00:49:51,288 --> 00:49:53,623 They were defending themselves. 798 00:49:53,690 --> 00:49:59,596 [gun shots, screaming] 799 00:50:01,365 --> 00:50:02,766 As we have said before 800 00:50:02,833 --> 00:50:04,701 we are not and we cannot be the world's policeman. 801 00:50:07,838 --> 00:50:11,441 -George Soros today made the biggest single donation 802 00:50:11,508 --> 00:50:13,577 several of the biggest charities in the world have ever received. 803 00:50:14,711 --> 00:50:18,448 What is going on in Bosnia today is genocide. 804 00:50:18,515 --> 00:50:21,251 I feel it particularly strongly, 805 00:50:21,318 --> 00:50:24,388 because as a Hungarian Jew, 806 00:50:24,454 --> 00:50:28,725 I was myself a potential target for genocide. 807 00:50:30,227 --> 00:50:33,730 -And at that time I was with the United Nations 808 00:50:33,797 --> 00:50:37,134 and I was working in the Department of Peacekeeping Operations 809 00:50:37,200 --> 00:50:40,804 and was also very much engaged 810 00:50:40,871 --> 00:50:43,874 in what was happening in the Balkans. 811 00:50:43,940 --> 00:50:48,278 And George, although he wasn't in the UN or in government, 812 00:50:48,345 --> 00:50:50,680 was so incensed by what was going on, 813 00:50:50,747 --> 00:50:51,615 that he was very active. 814 00:50:56,219 --> 00:50:57,621 [ARYEH NEIER] -George Soros did a lot of things 815 00:50:57,687 --> 00:51:01,825 that helped keep Bosnia alive. 816 00:51:01,892 --> 00:51:05,162 [LAURA SILBER] -He tried to restore water to Sarajevo, 817 00:51:05,228 --> 00:51:07,164 tried to restore electricity. 818 00:51:07,230 --> 00:51:09,066 [gun shots] 819 00:51:09,132 --> 00:51:10,700 [ARYEH NEIER] We provided gas heating for people. 820 00:51:10,767 --> 00:51:12,702 We brought seeds in 821 00:51:12,769 --> 00:51:15,205 so that people were able to grow their own food 822 00:51:15,272 --> 00:51:17,441 during the siege. 823 00:51:17,507 --> 00:51:21,311 And a major effort to sustain cultural activities. 824 00:51:25,449 --> 00:51:27,651 And while all these battles were ongoing, 825 00:51:27,717 --> 00:51:30,620 Soros managed to bring us the newsprint. 826 00:51:30,687 --> 00:51:35,592 And in a way, news was important for people in Sarajevo 827 00:51:35,659 --> 00:51:38,328 almost like bread because they would leave the shelters 828 00:51:38,395 --> 00:51:40,564 to get bread and to get news. 829 00:51:49,272 --> 00:51:52,476 -After the Dayton Peace Agreements in Bosnia, 830 00:51:52,542 --> 00:51:57,280 George had given more money to implement the peace agreements 831 00:51:57,347 --> 00:51:58,748 than the U.S. government had. 832 00:52:01,017 --> 00:52:03,220 [IVAN KRASTEV] -Listen, they're big countries. 833 00:52:03,286 --> 00:52:05,088 There's European Union. There's the United States. 834 00:52:05,155 --> 00:52:07,757 Why is a single individual, nevertheless how rich he is, 835 00:52:07,824 --> 00:52:11,795 should be the one to go and to get Sarajevo saved? 836 00:52:11,862 --> 00:52:13,663 I do believe the logic of all this 837 00:52:13,730 --> 00:52:16,366 is telling the people, first, you're not alone, 838 00:52:16,433 --> 00:52:17,701 and secondly, something could be done. 839 00:52:22,739 --> 00:52:24,141 [LAURA SILBER] -In that day, there was no 840 00:52:24,207 --> 00:52:25,575 international system of justice 841 00:52:25,642 --> 00:52:28,512 for bringing people to the dock 842 00:52:28,578 --> 00:52:30,647 for the crimes that they had committed. 843 00:52:30,714 --> 00:52:32,916 The Yugoslav Tribunal was the first one. 844 00:52:32,983 --> 00:52:35,385 And George played a role behind the scenes 845 00:52:35,452 --> 00:52:38,221 of helping see that that court was formed. 846 00:53:04,948 --> 00:53:06,683 [LAURA SILBER] It was a stunning turn of events 847 00:53:06,750 --> 00:53:11,288 to see them forced to hear the testimonies of others 848 00:53:11,354 --> 00:53:13,390 and to see how power can be stripped. 849 00:53:15,492 --> 00:53:17,727 -How do you measure success and failure? 850 00:53:17,794 --> 00:53:19,996 When you make an investment, 851 00:53:20,063 --> 00:53:23,300 your investment is a fantastic object 852 00:53:23,366 --> 00:53:27,304 that you find very alluring. 853 00:53:27,370 --> 00:53:31,841 When you actually achieve your objective, 854 00:53:31,908 --> 00:53:34,744 it turns into something else. 855 00:53:34,811 --> 00:53:40,617 So, the fantastic object fades or loses its luster. 856 00:53:40,684 --> 00:53:45,388 And it is a source of disappointment. 857 00:53:49,526 --> 00:53:54,064 -George has been involved with Myanmar for decades. 858 00:53:54,130 --> 00:53:57,334 He was involved with that country when it was entirely closed off. 859 00:53:57,400 --> 00:53:59,936 And at one point bet very, very heavily on Aung San Suu Kyi. 860 00:54:00,937 --> 00:54:03,873 -You have a global reputation as a freedom fighter, 861 00:54:03,940 --> 00:54:08,812 a human rights activist in a way an Asian Nelson Mandela. 862 00:54:08,878 --> 00:54:11,381 -I don't know whether I'm like Nelson Mandela or not 863 00:54:11,448 --> 00:54:13,550 and I know people often compare me to him. 864 00:54:14,951 --> 00:54:16,620 -In retrospect, 865 00:54:16,686 --> 00:54:23,293 I can see how fallible my judgment was. 866 00:54:26,162 --> 00:54:28,698 -They're beating, butchering and burning he said. 867 00:54:28,765 --> 00:54:30,333 That's what they're doing over there. 868 00:54:31,768 --> 00:54:33,336 -[VO] When they started shooting, 869 00:54:33,403 --> 00:54:36,706 people came out of their houses to see what was going on. 870 00:54:36,773 --> 00:54:38,575 Then the helicopter arrived and they started shelling the village. 871 00:54:41,111 --> 00:54:44,447 -Do you ever worry that you will be remembered 872 00:54:44,514 --> 00:54:48,051 as the champion of human rights 873 00:54:48,118 --> 00:54:50,987 who failed to stand up to ethnic cleansing in her own country? 874 00:54:51,054 --> 00:54:53,657 No, because I don't think there's ethnic cleansing going on. 875 00:54:53,723 --> 00:54:56,393 I think ethnic cleansing is too strong an expression. 876 00:55:01,064 --> 00:55:03,433 -There's a lot of people 877 00:55:03,500 --> 00:55:05,935 who would have been so embarrassed 878 00:55:06,002 --> 00:55:08,571 by that earlier bet they'd made 879 00:55:08,638 --> 00:55:11,541 by the faith that they've thrown behind an individual 880 00:55:11,608 --> 00:55:15,612 that they never would have either continued to engage 881 00:55:15,679 --> 00:55:18,948 or they would have been afraid to change course in midstream. 882 00:55:19,015 --> 00:55:21,685 George has ended up stepping up 883 00:55:21,751 --> 00:55:23,753 and becoming this enormous champion for the Rohingya. 884 00:55:30,794 --> 00:55:33,096 -Do you think on balance that your philanthropic work 885 00:55:33,163 --> 00:55:36,833 counteracts the more ruthless decisions that you had to make 886 00:55:36,900 --> 00:55:38,435 when you were a financier? 887 00:55:38,501 --> 00:55:40,437 No, it has no connection. 888 00:55:40,503 --> 00:55:43,106 I'm not doing my philanthropic work 889 00:55:43,173 --> 00:55:45,575 out of any kind of guilt 890 00:55:45,642 --> 00:55:51,481 or any need to create good public relations. 891 00:55:51,548 --> 00:55:54,684 I'm doing it because I can afford to do it and I believe in it. 892 00:56:00,657 --> 00:56:05,462 Well, Soros is the embodiment of the problem. 893 00:56:05,528 --> 00:56:10,633 I mean, Soros has an amazing effect on policies 894 00:56:10,700 --> 00:56:15,872 like at the ground level in dozens of countries. 895 00:56:15,939 --> 00:56:18,141 And that's deeply resented by people, 896 00:56:18,208 --> 00:56:20,477 people who live in those countries. 897 00:56:20,543 --> 00:56:22,645 Why is this guy who we don't know anything about 898 00:56:22,712 --> 00:56:25,749 sending these NGOs into our country 899 00:56:25,815 --> 00:56:27,884 to influence the way that our country's run? 900 00:56:27,951 --> 00:56:29,619 This man is playing God. 901 00:56:29,686 --> 00:56:32,689 These are just the things that he has donated to. 902 00:56:32,756 --> 00:56:34,758 I just want to show you because we don't have a lot of time. 903 00:56:34,824 --> 00:56:38,027 This is less than half of them. 904 00:56:38,094 --> 00:56:42,966 But other than that, there's nothing to see here. 905 00:56:43,032 --> 00:56:46,169 Just move on with your lives. 906 00:56:46,236 --> 00:56:48,505 -There are other philanthropists, like Bill Gates, 907 00:56:48,571 --> 00:56:50,507 who are not tagged in the same way. 908 00:56:50,573 --> 00:56:52,642 People take him on his own terms 909 00:56:52,709 --> 00:56:55,245 that he made a fortune and wants to spend it 910 00:56:55,311 --> 00:56:58,782 on making the world a better place. 911 00:56:58,848 --> 00:57:01,651 George's offer is not either couched in those terms 912 00:57:01,718 --> 00:57:04,654 and certainly not accepted in those terms. 913 00:57:04,721 --> 00:57:08,224 He relishes controversy and debate. 914 00:57:08,291 --> 00:57:11,795 And he is in his own words and by his own account, 915 00:57:11,861 --> 00:57:14,264 a political philanthropist. 916 00:57:14,330 --> 00:57:21,271 And, you know, that means that to large slices of establishments 917 00:57:21,337 --> 00:57:25,708 who are in favor of status quos from which they benefit, 918 00:57:25,775 --> 00:57:28,678 he is a threat. 919 00:57:28,745 --> 00:57:30,013 There are people who are very, very annoyed with you, Mr. Soros, 920 00:57:30,079 --> 00:57:32,282 for the money that you are putting into projects 921 00:57:32,348 --> 00:57:35,952 that relate, for instance, to drugs in America. 922 00:57:36,019 --> 00:57:38,555 -Very much so. And I'm happy that I irritate some people 923 00:57:38,621 --> 00:57:40,790 because I know that I'm doing something. 924 00:57:42,025 --> 00:57:43,460 -The Bush Administration 925 00:57:43,526 --> 00:57:44,994 and the Nazi and Communist regimes, 926 00:57:45,061 --> 00:57:48,164 all engaged in the politics of fear. 927 00:57:48,231 --> 00:57:50,233 To make comparisons 928 00:57:50,300 --> 00:57:52,135 between the President of the United States 929 00:57:52,202 --> 00:57:54,971 and these regimes, 930 00:57:55,038 --> 00:57:57,841 a lot of people are going to say what are you thinking? 931 00:57:57,907 --> 00:58:00,043 When President Bush said, 932 00:58:00,109 --> 00:58:03,713 \"You are either with us or you are with the terrorists,\" 933 00:58:03,780 --> 00:58:05,582 that's when I was reminded. 934 00:58:05,648 --> 00:58:07,784 But I should have probably kept it to myself. 935 00:58:09,986 --> 00:58:11,154 -Do you think that rich people 936 00:58:11,221 --> 00:58:12,722 have undue influence in politics? 937 00:58:12,789 --> 00:58:15,124 Yes. Yes. 938 00:58:15,191 --> 00:58:16,559 I don't use my money 939 00:58:16,626 --> 00:58:21,764 to gain political influence for my private interests, 940 00:58:21,831 --> 00:58:25,101 which is what many rich people do. 941 00:58:26,703 --> 00:58:28,071 -There's a lot of misinformation out there 942 00:58:29,072 --> 00:58:32,141 about what he's done or why he's done things. 943 00:58:32,208 --> 00:58:34,611 And then sometimes, you know, 944 00:58:34,677 --> 00:58:36,312 even people who are attacking him, 945 00:58:36,379 --> 00:58:38,748 they'll say he's done something, 946 00:58:38,815 --> 00:58:40,683 and I'll think that's right, and absolutely. 947 00:58:40,750 --> 00:58:44,621 And I'm very proud that he's done that. 948 00:58:44,687 --> 00:58:47,156 So, sometimes the information is correct, 949 00:58:47,223 --> 00:58:49,692 but it's a matter of perspective 950 00:58:49,759 --> 00:58:52,629 on whether it's serving some social good 951 00:58:52,695 --> 00:58:54,564 or destroying the fabric of society. 952 00:58:56,633 --> 00:59:00,303 [LAURA SILBER] -As George Soros continued to expand his philanthropy, 953 00:59:00,370 --> 00:59:01,738 he began working with people and groups 954 00:59:01,804 --> 00:59:03,406 that were taking on thornier problems 955 00:59:03,473 --> 00:59:07,644 such as drug policy, criminal justice reform, 956 00:59:07,710 --> 00:59:11,180 gay rights, gay marriage, immigrant and minoriy rights 957 00:59:11,247 --> 00:59:12,615 and women's reproductive rights. 958 00:59:14,384 --> 00:59:17,320 And the more issues he became involved with, 959 00:59:17,387 --> 00:59:19,322 the more enemies he began to make. 960 00:59:20,423 --> 00:59:22,659 -Soros has no problem 961 00:59:22,725 --> 00:59:25,194 wading into the most divisive possible issues: 962 00:59:25,261 --> 00:59:28,698 immigration, abortion, drug use, the Roma, you know, 963 00:59:28,765 --> 00:59:32,869 things that really inflame people's emotions. 964 00:59:32,936 --> 00:59:36,873 And that's one of the reasons he's so widely despised. 965 00:59:40,009 --> 00:59:41,344 These are really touchy issues 966 00:59:41,411 --> 00:59:43,713 and for an outsider to come in 967 00:59:43,780 --> 00:59:45,348 and be like, \"No, no. You gotta do this,\" 968 00:59:45,415 --> 00:59:46,616 that engenders a ton of resentment. 969 00:59:48,318 --> 00:59:52,221 The fact that I have become involved 970 00:59:52,288 --> 00:59:55,358 in so many different issues 971 00:59:55,425 --> 01:00:00,029 and have taken controversial positions 972 01:00:00,096 --> 01:00:04,801 is now actually working against me. 973 01:00:05,768 --> 01:00:08,237 -Your father's considered the bogeyman. 974 01:00:08,304 --> 01:00:10,039 How does that make you feel? 975 01:00:10,106 --> 01:00:14,711 Well, he's become demonized by one community 976 01:00:14,777 --> 01:00:18,047 because he is synonymous with liberal cause. 977 01:00:18,114 --> 01:00:20,316 -Who's funding Black Lives Matter? 978 01:00:20,383 --> 01:00:24,253 One of the big donors seems to be George Soros, our old pal. 979 01:00:24,320 --> 01:00:27,724 This is a George Soros funded anarchist effort. 980 01:00:27,790 --> 01:00:29,859 -Those who are stirring it up, many of them work 981 01:00:29,926 --> 01:00:32,729 for George Soros' front organizations. 982 01:00:32,795 --> 01:00:34,097 -That wasn't a spontaneous event. 983 01:00:34,163 --> 01:00:36,733 It was organized by far left groups 984 01:00:36,799 --> 01:00:38,468 which receive millions of dollars 985 01:00:38,534 --> 01:00:41,437 from the liberal activist, George Soros. 986 01:00:41,504 --> 01:00:43,139 -Do you believe George Soros is behind all of this? 987 01:00:43,206 --> 01:00:44,607 -I tend to believe it. 988 01:00:44,674 --> 01:00:47,944 I believe it fits in his attack mode that he has 989 01:00:48,011 --> 01:00:49,245 and how he uses his... 990 01:00:50,480 --> 01:00:53,282 The world makes more sense 991 01:00:53,349 --> 01:00:58,921 if you simply have a single, 85-year-old mastermind 992 01:00:58,988 --> 01:01:01,157 pulling all the world's strings 993 01:01:01,224 --> 01:01:03,693 and doing the things that you fear and dislike. 994 01:01:04,293 --> 01:01:06,462 Next call comes from Batavia, Illinois. 995 01:01:06,529 --> 01:01:09,032 [WOMAN CALLER] -Uh, yes. Mr. Soros, I was wondering 996 01:01:09,098 --> 01:01:12,835 if you would like to apologize to Holocaust survivors 997 01:01:12,902 --> 01:01:17,373 that you have exploited and to the American public at large 998 01:01:17,440 --> 01:01:18,941 who you have tried to manipulate 999 01:01:19,008 --> 01:01:23,179 with your devious and un-American activities? 1000 01:01:25,848 --> 01:01:28,818 -Mr. Soros? -No, I'm afraid that I can't do that. 1001 01:01:28,885 --> 01:01:31,788 You can continue accusing me, but until you give some evidence 1002 01:01:31,854 --> 01:01:36,325 on the basis of which you're basing these accusations, 1003 01:01:36,392 --> 01:01:38,261 I can't oblige you, I'm sorry. 1004 01:01:39,195 --> 01:01:40,463 Last year I was invited 1005 01:01:40,530 --> 01:01:44,333 to the Global Anti-Semitism Forum. 1006 01:01:44,400 --> 01:01:48,071 At the very end of the conversation, 1007 01:01:48,137 --> 01:01:49,972 we asked for questions. 1008 01:01:50,039 --> 01:01:53,843 And the first person who stood up said, 1009 01:01:53,910 --> 01:01:58,147 \"You have not spoken about why George Soros is a Nazi.\" 1010 01:01:58,214 --> 01:02:02,218 Half the audience, several hundred people, 1011 01:02:02,285 --> 01:02:04,420 got up and applauded her question. 1012 01:02:05,555 --> 01:02:08,391 Well, look. I think it's always in these attacks 1013 01:02:08,458 --> 01:02:10,860 on somebody like George, you know, 1014 01:02:10,927 --> 01:02:14,864 what makes them powerful is there are small fractures 1015 01:02:14,931 --> 01:02:17,400 or elements of truth 1016 01:02:17,467 --> 01:02:19,902 in which is concocted into something 1017 01:02:19,969 --> 01:02:23,172 which is completely untrue and false and shameful. 1018 01:02:25,108 --> 01:02:27,376 [NADINE EPSTEIN] -He was 13-years-old when the Nazis 1019 01:02:27,443 --> 01:02:30,413 came to Budapest. 1020 01:02:30,480 --> 01:02:33,449 And his father sent his boys out to live separately. 1021 01:02:34,250 --> 01:02:35,651 And George was sent to live 1022 01:02:35,718 --> 01:02:38,554 with an official of the Ministry of Agriculture 1023 01:02:38,621 --> 01:02:42,191 whose job was to inventory Jewish estates 1024 01:02:42,258 --> 01:02:44,160 where people, Jews had left. 1025 01:02:44,227 --> 01:02:47,430 And on one occasion, George was brought along. 1026 01:02:47,497 --> 01:02:49,866 And George walked around the estate. 1027 01:02:49,932 --> 01:02:52,602 In fact, he writes at one point that he was just scared 1028 01:02:52,668 --> 01:02:55,138 that people would realize that he was a Jew. 1029 01:02:55,204 --> 01:02:58,541 And he spent several days there, or a couple of days there. 1030 01:02:58,608 --> 01:03:01,277 And then they went back to Budapest. 1031 01:03:01,344 --> 01:03:03,880 And from that, people have extrapolated 1032 01:03:03,946 --> 01:03:06,549 that he was a Nazi collaborator and that he helped. 1033 01:03:06,616 --> 01:03:07,817 He was 13-years-old. 1034 01:03:08,951 --> 01:03:11,087 -This guy is a guy 1035 01:03:11,988 --> 01:03:16,859 who knowingly assisted in the execution of Jews. 1036 01:03:18,694 --> 01:03:20,429 [NADINE EPSTEIN] -There's a whole history of Jews 1037 01:03:20,496 --> 01:03:24,167 being portrayed as controlling money, 1038 01:03:24,233 --> 01:03:27,904 controlling the banking systems. 1039 01:03:27,970 --> 01:03:29,405 At the same time, 1040 01:03:29,472 --> 01:03:31,174 Soros is becoming more and more political, 1041 01:03:31,240 --> 01:03:32,742 a donor, a larger donor 1042 01:03:32,809 --> 01:03:34,544 in the Democratic Party in the United States. 1043 01:03:37,180 --> 01:03:39,448 Some people hate him because he's Jewish 1044 01:03:39,515 --> 01:03:42,051 and some people hate him because of his politics. 1045 01:03:42,118 --> 01:03:43,419 And often those two come together. 1046 01:03:48,558 --> 01:03:51,194 Who is this rich guy who came to America, 1047 01:03:51,260 --> 01:03:54,997 became a billionaire, to bash America and all this? 1048 01:03:55,064 --> 01:03:58,067 You are now falling into the trap of your colleagues on Fox who- 1049 01:03:58,134 --> 01:04:00,002 -No, no, no. -Which shall remain nameless 1050 01:04:00,069 --> 01:04:02,238 because I think they are so disreputable 1051 01:04:02,305 --> 01:04:04,340 I wouldn't want to mention their names. 1052 01:04:04,407 --> 01:04:05,274 -Mr. Soros, I don't think- -I respect you. 1053 01:04:05,341 --> 01:04:07,210 -That's why I came here. -I know. 1054 01:04:07,276 --> 01:04:10,346 -What I'm asking you- -Let's talk about policy. 1055 01:04:10,413 --> 01:04:12,682 -No, no. Because this is part and parcel of the same story. 1056 01:04:12,748 --> 01:04:14,617 -The whole story. 1057 01:04:14,684 --> 01:04:18,254 Let your public find out who I really am, 1058 01:04:18,321 --> 01:04:20,122 what I really stand for. 1059 01:04:20,189 --> 01:04:23,226 I chose this country as my home, right? 1060 01:04:23,292 --> 01:04:25,494 And I want this country 1061 01:04:25,561 --> 01:04:28,998 to be worthy of the principles that have made it great. 1062 01:04:29,065 --> 01:04:31,033 And now we are losing those principles. 1063 01:04:31,100 --> 01:04:32,668 We are being misled. 1064 01:04:32,735 --> 01:04:34,904 We need to correct it. 1065 01:04:38,040 --> 01:04:40,576 I think it's tragic that the guy who did more 1066 01:04:40,643 --> 01:04:43,579 to overthrow communism in Eastern Europe 1067 01:04:43,646 --> 01:04:45,248 than pretty much anyone else in America, 1068 01:04:45,314 --> 01:04:47,583 is hated by the American right. 1069 01:04:48,451 --> 01:04:50,519 And that's before we get to Hungary, 1070 01:04:50,586 --> 01:04:53,389 a country which he has done so much more for, 1071 01:04:53,456 --> 01:04:55,258 created a university for. 1072 01:04:55,324 --> 01:04:58,060 The current Prime Minister, Orban, 1073 01:04:58,127 --> 01:05:00,329 even went on a Soros scholarship. 1074 01:05:00,396 --> 01:05:04,734 And yet is described in appalling anti-Semitic terms 1075 01:05:04,800 --> 01:05:06,669 as a threat to Hungary. 1076 01:05:20,616 --> 01:05:22,018 [STEPHEN KOTKIN] You need stories. 1077 01:05:22,084 --> 01:05:25,087 There's a well of stories about enemies, 1078 01:05:25,154 --> 01:05:28,424 gypsies, Jews, George Soros. 1079 01:05:35,531 --> 01:05:38,301 You also need a story about your greatness, 1080 01:05:38,367 --> 01:05:41,037 your historic greatness in the past 1081 01:05:41,103 --> 01:05:42,905 in the mists of time somewhere 1082 01:05:42,972 --> 01:05:46,642 that your enemies are keeping you from achieving today. 1083 01:05:49,545 --> 01:05:51,714 They're not enabling you to be the great country 1084 01:05:51,781 --> 01:05:54,583 that, of course, everybody knows you are or should be 1085 01:05:54,650 --> 01:05:55,685 and were at one time. 1086 01:06:03,326 --> 01:06:07,263 There are times when I'm depressed 1087 01:06:07,330 --> 01:06:12,501 and some times when I am overwhelmed. 1088 01:06:12,568 --> 01:06:14,337 I get up, 1089 01:06:14,403 --> 01:06:20,409 but I do get knocked out from time to time. 1090 01:06:30,152 --> 01:06:31,821 -[VO]One thing's for sure, 1091 01:06:31,887 --> 01:06:35,224 the refugees should be tied to a fence and shot. 1092 01:06:35,291 --> 01:06:36,158 Then others wouldn't dare come. 1093 01:06:38,694 --> 01:06:40,262 -[VO]We don't want other nations 1094 01:06:40,329 --> 01:06:42,565 to come and disturb our Christian values. 1095 01:06:51,307 --> 01:06:55,311 We made a set of assumptions about the direction of the world, 1096 01:06:55,378 --> 01:06:58,647 following the end of the Cold War. 1097 01:06:58,714 --> 01:07:02,318 It seemed as if progress was absolutely assured. 1098 01:07:03,486 --> 01:07:06,422 But now, as we look from one region to the next, 1099 01:07:06,489 --> 01:07:09,792 we are discovering that it's actually possible 1100 01:07:09,859 --> 01:07:17,266 to bend the arc of justice back towards a corrosive prejudice 1101 01:07:17,333 --> 01:07:20,803 that is violent not only in its rhetoric, 1102 01:07:20,870 --> 01:07:26,709 but in its treatment of citizens, migrants, refugees. 1103 01:07:26,776 --> 01:07:29,678 Institutions that we thought were strong, 1104 01:07:29,745 --> 01:07:33,282 resilient, sustainable, are more vulnerable, 1105 01:07:33,349 --> 01:07:37,219 are more exposed than they've ever been before. 1106 01:07:41,223 --> 01:07:44,527 -Let me say something which is not easy to say. 1107 01:07:47,229 --> 01:07:49,432 We were very successful 1108 01:07:49,498 --> 01:07:55,371 in persuading people to distrust political processes, 1109 01:07:56,539 --> 01:08:02,278 distrust institutions and distrust politics in general. 1110 01:08:03,412 --> 01:08:08,384 And this is what feeds populism. 1111 01:08:08,951 --> 01:08:11,887 There will be someone who will come 1112 01:08:11,954 --> 01:08:14,590 and will help us to solve our problems. 1113 01:08:14,657 --> 01:08:16,859 We should follow him 1114 01:08:16,926 --> 01:08:21,197 and then we can disregard the institutions, 1115 01:08:21,263 --> 01:08:23,232 disregard the checks and balances 1116 01:08:23,299 --> 01:08:25,734 which make life complicated. 1117 01:08:25,801 --> 01:08:28,270 We don't need compromises. 1118 01:08:28,337 --> 01:08:30,806 We need quick and effective solutions. 1119 01:08:32,708 --> 01:08:35,211 -You have the distinction of being the one German leader 1120 01:08:35,277 --> 01:08:36,479 who has raised the possibility 1121 01:08:36,545 --> 01:08:39,482 of actually shooting refugees on the border. 1122 01:08:39,548 --> 01:08:42,351 -Well, I actually never said that. 1123 01:08:42,418 --> 01:08:44,520 -What you did say in the paper if I can remind you is that, 1124 01:08:44,587 --> 01:08:46,255 \"German border guards 1125 01:08:46,322 --> 01:08:47,990 must prevent illegal border crossing 1126 01:08:48,057 --> 01:08:51,527 and even use firearms if necessary.\" 1127 01:08:51,594 --> 01:08:52,695 -The President of the Philippines 1128 01:08:52,761 --> 01:08:54,396 has just admitted 1129 01:08:54,463 --> 01:08:57,266 that he used to personally kill suspected criminals. 1130 01:08:57,466 --> 01:08:59,502 Just to show to the guys that... 1131 01:09:00,970 --> 01:09:03,372 if I can do it, why can't you? 1132 01:09:03,439 --> 01:09:07,309 Mass hangings there, horrific conditions, 1133 01:09:08,477 --> 01:09:12,448 trials of blindfolded prisoners one to three minutes. 1134 01:09:12,515 --> 01:09:14,550 You can forge anything these days 1135 01:09:14,617 --> 01:09:17,686 and we're living in a fake news era as you know. 1136 01:09:17,753 --> 01:09:19,555 Everybody knows this. 1137 01:09:19,622 --> 01:09:23,726 -Now, are there still 20,000 or more political prisoners? 1138 01:09:23,792 --> 01:09:27,796 [VO] The standards that you live by do not necessarily have to apply 1139 01:09:27,863 --> 01:09:30,432 to the standards that we live in our own countries. 1140 01:09:30,499 --> 01:09:32,835 But do you not get concerned when you read these accounts 1141 01:09:32,902 --> 01:09:36,805 of young men who say they've been tortured for days? 1142 01:09:36,872 --> 01:09:38,807 Does it concern you 1143 01:09:38,874 --> 01:09:40,676 as a matter of law and order in the Republic? 1144 01:10:26,522 --> 01:10:28,524 George does not have much sympathy 1145 01:10:28,591 --> 01:10:32,661 for these majorities that feel threatened 1146 01:10:32,728 --> 01:10:36,365 because his idea is there are people who feel threatened 1147 01:10:36,432 --> 01:10:38,067 and there are people who are threatened. 1148 01:10:38,133 --> 01:10:40,636 There are all these excluded people 1149 01:10:40,703 --> 01:10:42,605 that they're trying to find their voice. 1150 01:10:42,671 --> 01:10:43,872 I want them to be heard. 1151 01:10:45,474 --> 01:10:48,744 Does it mean that he's buying, subscribing to everything 1152 01:10:48,811 --> 01:10:51,347 that these groups or some of these groups are pushing for? 1153 01:10:51,413 --> 01:10:53,482 I'm not sure, to be honest. 1154 01:10:53,549 --> 01:10:55,784 But this is the interesting story. 1155 01:10:55,851 --> 01:10:58,487 You're not supporting this 1156 01:10:58,554 --> 01:11:03,959 simply because it fits to all of your ideas about the world. 1157 01:11:04,026 --> 01:11:06,495 But it fits to your general principle 1158 01:11:06,562 --> 01:11:10,899 that if you're going to keep this voice unrepresented, 1159 01:11:10,966 --> 01:11:12,701 this is going to hurt society as a whole. 1160 01:11:14,103 --> 01:11:16,505 I think it's important to distinguish it 1161 01:11:16,572 --> 01:11:21,844 in democracy and open society 1162 01:11:23,145 --> 01:11:29,818 because a democracy through elections 1163 01:11:29,885 --> 01:11:36,425 can lead to majoritarian rule which is not open society. 1164 01:11:36,492 --> 01:11:42,598 Open society is characterized by the protection of minorities. 1165 01:11:47,870 --> 01:11:52,441 -It's not simply just caring about those immediately around you, 1166 01:11:52,508 --> 01:11:54,943 your kin, your tribe, 1167 01:11:55,010 --> 01:11:56,745 the people like you, who grew up in your neighborhood, 1168 01:11:56,812 --> 01:11:58,547 in your home. 1169 01:11:58,614 --> 01:12:01,550 But it's caring about everyone, everyone's right. 1170 01:12:01,617 --> 01:12:01,784 Doesn't matter where they come from. 1171 01:12:03,619 --> 01:12:07,756 The Final Solution was only declared in 1941. 1172 01:12:09,024 --> 01:12:14,697 You had been with Hitler for 10 years when that happened. 1173 01:12:14,763 --> 01:12:17,966 Yeah, but, you know, that the Final Solution was a secret 1174 01:12:18,033 --> 01:12:19,768 and it was a secret to me, too. 1175 01:12:22,504 --> 01:12:26,141 -He said that what he regretted most 1176 01:12:26,208 --> 01:12:31,146 was his tacit agreement, \"Billigung\" in German. 1177 01:12:31,213 --> 01:12:36,852 His tacit agreement to the murder... of the Jews. 1178 01:12:38,654 --> 01:12:43,192 And then when this was published in German in Die Zeit, 1179 01:12:43,258 --> 01:12:47,062 he added a footnote which said, 1180 01:12:55,204 --> 01:12:59,007 And I phoned him and I said, \"Well, what does this mean? 1181 01:12:59,074 --> 01:13:01,877 \"You cannot look away from something you don't know. 1182 01:13:02,945 --> 01:13:05,414 If you looked away, then you knew.\" 1183 01:13:07,816 --> 01:13:09,818 And he said, \"Let us never talk about this again.\" 1184 01:13:11,019 --> 01:13:14,757 There was a woman who was hiding him during the war. 1185 01:13:14,823 --> 01:13:17,659 Oftentimes we would go to Budapest to see her. 1186 01:13:17,726 --> 01:13:19,628 At that particular dinner 1187 01:13:19,695 --> 01:13:21,029 she complained to him about all this awful work 1188 01:13:21,096 --> 01:13:22,698 the Foundation was doing for the Roma. 1189 01:13:25,868 --> 01:13:31,640 And my father... was horrified. 1190 01:13:31,707 --> 01:13:34,176 He said, you know, how could this woman, 1191 01:13:34,243 --> 01:13:36,178 she saved my life 1192 01:13:36,245 --> 01:13:40,849 because I was a minority. 1193 01:13:41,984 --> 01:13:43,552 And she hates the Gypsies. 1194 01:13:43,619 --> 01:13:45,621 I mean, she hates another group of people. 1195 01:13:48,590 --> 01:13:51,527 -Where does hate come from? 1196 01:13:51,593 --> 01:13:54,062 I always wanted to understand why these things happen 1197 01:13:54,129 --> 01:13:59,468 rather than to hate my perpetrators. 1198 01:14:00,202 --> 01:14:01,804 It's hard to put it in words 1199 01:14:01,870 --> 01:14:07,743 the kind of treatment... we had to go through. 1200 01:14:10,045 --> 01:14:12,147 I ended up in this place called Omarska 1201 01:14:13,282 --> 01:14:16,685 which was only about five kilometers from my village. 1202 01:14:16,752 --> 01:14:18,120 I went to school there. 1203 01:14:18,187 --> 01:14:20,556 So it was quite a shock 1204 01:14:20,622 --> 01:14:23,826 to be guarded by my classmates, schoolmates, 1205 01:14:23,892 --> 01:14:25,561 even by one of my teachers. 1206 01:14:26,295 --> 01:14:29,698 We were dehumanized to such a level 1207 01:14:29,765 --> 01:14:33,235 that it became possible for them to kill 1208 01:14:33,302 --> 01:14:35,771 and to feel absolutely nothing. 1209 01:14:35,838 --> 01:14:40,309 Very often to torture people for days on end. 1210 01:14:40,375 --> 01:14:48,584 It is still quite hard... to accept one-hundred percent 1211 01:14:48,650 --> 01:14:50,085 that people you grew up with could do something like this. 1212 01:14:51,053 --> 01:14:52,788 When we talk about these atrocities, 1213 01:14:52,855 --> 01:14:55,591 people think that some humans 1214 01:14:55,657 --> 01:14:56,992 are more predisposed than others to kill, 1215 01:14:57,059 --> 01:14:58,994 to commit these crimes. 1216 01:14:59,061 --> 01:15:01,196 And I'm certain that's not the case. 1217 01:15:01,263 --> 01:15:04,199 If you want to see what a genocider looks like, 1218 01:15:04,266 --> 01:15:06,201 go to your bathroom and look in the mirror. 1219 01:15:06,268 --> 01:15:09,338 I'm afraid... it's true. 1220 01:15:13,275 --> 01:15:17,279 [somber music plays] 1221 01:15:20,415 --> 01:15:24,820 -Reality is extremely complex, infinitely complex. 1222 01:15:25,821 --> 01:15:30,192 And in fact, its complexity is compounded 1223 01:15:30,259 --> 01:15:32,694 by the need to simplify. 1224 01:15:39,134 --> 01:15:42,104 And the way we simplify makes it more complex. 1225 01:15:46,275 --> 01:15:51,179 It's a struggle to try to understand what's going on. 1226 01:15:51,246 --> 01:15:55,250 Whatever interpretation I develop, 1227 01:15:55,317 --> 01:15:59,187 whatever frame I create, 1228 01:15:59,254 --> 01:16:04,593 is bound to be biased, or incomplete, or distorted. 1229 01:16:07,129 --> 01:16:10,933 So, I realize that nevertheless I have to create that frame 1230 01:16:10,999 --> 01:16:14,002 because I need to simplify it enough 1231 01:16:14,069 --> 01:16:16,905 to be able to make decisions. 1232 01:16:20,442 --> 01:16:23,078 It's a constant struggle to try to understand 1233 01:16:23,145 --> 01:16:25,280 what actually happens in the world 1234 01:16:27,282 --> 01:16:29,885 and how to make the world a better place. 1235 01:16:32,888 --> 01:16:37,926 -The situation is that of a Black man 1236 01:16:38,794 --> 01:16:42,831 who in a black room looks for a black hat 1237 01:16:42,898 --> 01:16:44,366 which may not be there. 1238 01:16:46,168 --> 01:16:48,837 That is the situation. 1239 01:16:48,904 --> 01:16:50,105 Now, what can he do? 1240 01:16:52,307 --> 01:16:53,675 That's all he can do. 1241 01:16:54,876 --> 01:16:59,848 He can tentatively try for the black hat, 1242 01:17:01,083 --> 01:17:02,184 tentatively. 1243 01:17:03,919 --> 01:17:05,220 That is more or less 1244 01:17:05,287 --> 01:17:10,792 the situation of someone who wants to solve a problem. 1245 01:17:15,197 --> 01:17:17,132 [GEORGE SOROS] Trying to improve the world 1246 01:17:17,199 --> 01:17:20,202 is more difficult than making money 1247 01:17:22,337 --> 01:17:25,474 because in making money, 1248 01:17:25,540 --> 01:17:29,311 you can reduce all the consequences 1249 01:17:29,378 --> 01:17:32,481 to a common denominator 1250 01:17:32,547 --> 01:17:38,020 which can be expressed in dollars, preferably, not in cents. 1251 01:17:38,086 --> 01:17:41,223 And you have a bottom line. 1252 01:17:42,090 --> 01:17:45,160 When you are engaged 1253 01:17:45,227 --> 01:17:48,930 in trying to improve the world, 1254 01:17:48,997 --> 01:17:52,034 they cannot be added together. 1255 01:17:52,100 --> 01:17:55,237 The contribution that you make 1256 01:17:55,303 --> 01:17:58,373 to what you might call this nebulous thing, 1257 01:17:58,440 --> 01:18:02,244 the common good, that is the return. 1258 01:18:03,879 --> 01:18:07,249 -Looking back over it now, do you have regrets? 1259 01:18:07,315 --> 01:18:10,786 I was under the impression that with all my efforts 1260 01:18:10,852 --> 01:18:13,922 basically none of them really succeeded. 1261 01:18:15,257 --> 01:18:19,461 But I then discovered that they actually did succeed, 1262 01:18:19,528 --> 01:18:20,796 several of them. 1263 01:18:20,862 --> 01:18:23,198 But what came out 1264 01:18:23,265 --> 01:18:28,270 didn't really resemble what I was hoping for. 1265 01:18:28,336 --> 01:18:33,275 It wasn't as alluring and attractive 1266 01:18:33,341 --> 01:18:35,477 as when I imagined it. 1267 01:18:35,544 --> 01:18:39,247 But it's not only characteristic of my philanthropy, 1268 01:18:39,314 --> 01:18:42,818 but it's actually characteristic of, 1269 01:18:42,884 --> 01:18:47,789 one might say, perhaps of all human endeavors. 1270 01:18:54,963 --> 01:18:57,432 -We need people to understand 1271 01:18:57,499 --> 01:18:59,301 the power they have within them. 1272 01:18:59,367 --> 01:19:02,003 There's this wonderful book 1273 01:19:02,070 --> 01:19:06,842 written by a 12th Century Sufi poet 1274 01:19:06,908 --> 01:19:09,544 entitled, 'The Conference of the Birds.' 1275 01:19:09,611 --> 01:19:11,513 And it's about a flock of birds 1276 01:19:11,580 --> 01:19:14,249 that are looking for a leader. 1277 01:19:14,316 --> 01:19:15,517 And one of them says, 1278 01:19:15,584 --> 01:19:18,420 \"I know where we can find the leader for us. 1279 01:19:18,487 --> 01:19:23,992 \"But we'll have to fly through some perilous valleys. 1280 01:19:24,059 --> 01:19:27,062 \"And you may not want to do it. 1281 01:19:27,129 --> 01:19:29,297 \"There's a valley of fear, a valley of hatred, 1282 01:19:29,364 --> 01:19:32,868 and then there are valleys of love and so forth.\" 1283 01:19:32,934 --> 01:19:35,270 Well, when they finally arrive at their destination 1284 01:19:35,337 --> 01:19:38,607 and they're expecting to see the leader 1285 01:19:38,673 --> 01:19:42,043 who will then, you know, take them the rest of the way, 1286 01:19:42,110 --> 01:19:44,279 what do you think they see? 1287 01:19:44,346 --> 01:19:48,550 Well, each bird is standing in front of a mirror. 1288 01:19:48,617 --> 01:19:50,886 And I think what we want to inspire in people 1289 01:19:50,952 --> 01:19:54,422 is that while, of course they need to look up at giants 1290 01:19:54,489 --> 01:19:57,492 within the sort of the rights field, 1291 01:19:57,559 --> 01:20:00,028 it's important that they realize within all of it, 1292 01:20:00,095 --> 01:20:02,097 within each person there is a conscience 1293 01:20:02,164 --> 01:20:03,431 that they need to activate. 1294 01:20:05,233 --> 01:20:08,170 It is the task of a freedom fighter 1295 01:20:08,236 --> 01:20:12,374 when you see that the end of your days has come, 1296 01:20:12,440 --> 01:20:16,978 to live a tradition of bravery, 1297 01:20:17,045 --> 01:20:22,584 determination to face even death for your own principles. 1298 01:20:22,651 --> 01:20:25,921 And I thought about it. 1299 01:20:25,987 --> 01:20:28,223 It was not because I was brave, 1300 01:20:28,290 --> 01:20:31,259 but because one had a duty to perform. 1301 01:20:35,063 --> 01:20:36,998 [LAURA SILBER] -George is part of a network of people. 1302 01:20:38,266 --> 01:20:40,969 There's a whole world full of people 1303 01:20:41,036 --> 01:20:42,537 who are on that march, 1304 01:20:42,604 --> 01:20:46,241 who are doing the same things in different ways 1305 01:20:46,308 --> 01:20:49,211 to help protect the rights of others 1306 01:20:49,277 --> 01:20:52,214 to live the lives that they choose to live 1307 01:20:52,280 --> 01:20:54,416 without fear of persecution. 1308 01:20:57,285 --> 01:20:59,354 [ISTVAN REV] This is what I learned from him that 1309 01:20:59,421 --> 01:21:02,691 even if there is no hope 1310 01:21:02,757 --> 01:21:06,561 you have no other choice but to fight and to get engaged. 1311 01:21:11,333 --> 01:21:16,905 I was playing the market in order to win, make money. 1312 01:21:18,073 --> 01:21:21,576 And I got very involved in it. 1313 01:21:23,345 --> 01:21:25,313 And there was a moment 1314 01:21:25,380 --> 01:21:27,582 when I thought I was going to have a heart attack. 1315 01:21:27,649 --> 01:21:33,588 And I thought that if I die now, I lose. 1316 01:21:35,323 --> 01:21:41,663 But if I get blown up in fighting for an open society, 1317 01:21:41,730 --> 01:21:44,399 I don't think that I have lost. 1318 01:21:44,466 --> 01:21:47,969 I'm willing to stake my life on that. 1319 01:21:50,739 --> 01:21:53,942 [uplifting music plays] 99802

Can't find what you're looking for?
Get subtitles in any language from opensubtitles.com, and translate them here.