Original subtitles

Su-27. the global confrontation between the soviet union and the u_s_a_

force the two countries to constantly improve and increase their military

capabilities

the best minds in both sides of the anger

involving the creation of new

different types of what

viet small arms

for ballistic missiles

country was taking a lead in this trial

threats sometimes because they are

united states as an example of the u_s_s_r_ behind in developing the fourth

generation for years

than was necessary for the soviet union

to catch up

and i was doing that

but when almost everything was ready for the new soviet as from twenty seven fire

tests

internet that this aircraft

could not be able to surpass its opponents the american f_-fifteen

fighter

to change the situation some urgent measures have to be taken

many could foresee that scenario

indecent designer of the aircraft chief designer mikhail semen of

was the initiator of deeper breeding

but the final decision was made by the general designer of the whole design

bureau give again even though

over thirty years who work in the design bureau

then remembered all its milestones including the time of the temporary

closing

at that time some strict measures could also have been taken

the more so because by that time one ambitious project of the design bureau

detained for missile aircraft

lot of money was spent on the issue twenty seven as well

dot com someone's condo more aircraft plant they were ready to start mass

production of the fire

the aircraft was proposed to be made

almost anything

to take this decision was extremely difficult

on the one hand

everything

was well-organized

the project was in full swing

more over the ground drawings were issued

and sent to consume all is calm and more

for production

concluded straightforwardly we actively begin working on that project

and worked with great enthusiasm ms armored personnel were involved in the

issue twenty seven projects

this year

however further decisions had to be taken

as a matter of fact

is not a challenging task to put in

modern fighter into mass production

i think that was often the case in the history of our deviation

we believe everything goes well but the aircraft gisela medium level

must be eventually meaning and reduces air travel

and certainly in nineteen seventy eight we learned that was the end of the move

the chief engineer

and chief technologist

bremen strated against its lot of work done it all came to nothing

sicily

if we design a new combat aircraft

there's only one way for us

to design an aircraft to defeat an enemy

if we are unable to design an aircraft capable of defeating an airplane

then we have two children signatures

leadership resources

or such losses are losses

from national manner

therefore we could have made only a better aircraft

as compared to the american one

ni first impression more first response was like

why have you overlooked

what were you thinking about

followed by the question what a stupid on my visit of the design bureau

mayfield semen of commencement

planting the seed earned it

work

unfortunately the aircraft was unable to defeat it

seven aircraft is already in production at this time because a lot of money

spent for gramm

all technological processes

has to be very brave man change in their twenties and at that stage

he feels even after the decision to do so

with the minister of aviation industry of that time

mister said a lot of

dissidents gave his assessment of the most negative side of this position

uh... when we finish the talks and the decision to redesign the aircraft was

taking the stand

may fail

you're lucky it is not nineteen thirty seven

and they close the supply company

it could've been a disaster

but at that time

it was not difficult to solve some problems with a designer

ban the production plant

that time everyone was eager to make

positive decisions him

well formerly the aircraft met the requirements there was no doubt about

that

of course it met the requirements the design bureau is quite competent and the

designers are knowledgeable they did their job well but what i'm saying is

that it's maneuverability was not the same as we can see it now we were

the redesigning process was caused by certain factors

examine some aircraft rameters were not sufficiently high that but now it is not

so important most importantly is that the designers had an unexpected

opportunity

dandelions the initially developed around and successful project

and reconsiders some accepted engineering decisions companies

within the shortest time frame from november nineteen seventy seven

unto january seventeenth he succeeded in improving the aircraft performance

so what was done to improve the aircraft perform

the decision was made to stick to the general concept

the aircraft integrated circuits

for the wayne with his swing robes love

and his allies forming a similar thing voted him in the city

here on the left is the aircraft of initial design

on the right is a new aircraft

as we can see the look very soon

however if this is where the similarities

to achieve the required speed inflate range

it was necessary to reduce the aircraft aerodynamic resistance

with that in view of the change the engineer nss positions

navi in june and hassles created last spring

outline for the fuse large nose section which changed as well

the landing gear design was changed

became more compact in its composition

mister harrington and i can't wait to see our family out of the things we

showed you

to get the required flight performance

maximum effect

was expected from the aircraft wing

on the aircraft in the previous design

the wing had smooth line

all of us might have a underestimated the aircraft behavior

finals of the child

as soon as the illusion flew the aircraft all

he immediately said that the angle of attack increased by six seven state

degrees

would lead to win vibration

the new wing obtained it's evident tapered fork

the wing leading edge was equipped with group leading edges

women on the tax changes these group that use automatically deflect

this helps to improve the aircraft stability at high angles of attack

and to increase its lifting performance

selling the most interesting is that these particular angles of it

the dragon decreased

less trust was required for making coming over

plastic so the effect appeared to be amazing

the trailing we knew it was a good with a new flap around control

standard trailing edge includes a flat

i'm a little rock

providing maximalist force at low speeds the flaps work at takeoffs and landings

still around real news for aircraft level control

so i'll try to come

is a single control

functioning both as a flat

and aileron

as a consequence less weight and better structural steel

on the aircraft structural components choral section

infront under carriage was moved three meters to the rear

with all these changes the engines were protected from foreign objects

for the same reason protective screens were installed on the engines paintings

they worked in automatic mode during take-off

the screen is eight eight ten a_m_ panel which consist of one hundred thousand

square cells

with a size only to learn how to millimeters each

in a national treasure in the air brakes were installed in the bottom part of the

aircraft tuzla with extended air brakes aircraft began to vibrate

to eliminate this vibration every was installed on top of the jews

they knew every cancellation required redesigning of the cockpit canopy

instead of sliding backwards it opened up for it

this change provided safe can it be released project read during injection

with an extended their brain

and other important improvement was an increase of the total number of missile

suspension points

from eight tripped

as a result there were so many improvements permanent college and you

find

the aircraft factory code team tennis warehouse stood for serial though the

official end of the fatah remain the same tissue twenty seven

most of the aircraft for the previous design

it was decided to use them for versatile tests

one cheap designer relieve another during the working process

in nineteen seventy nine when we fail to malls prefer the ministry of haitian

his position was taken over my heart john coltrane

in nineteen eighty-one alex a commission of became the chief designer

as for soon enough

he returned to the design bureau in nineteen eighty three

has generally cyanide

on april twentieth nineteen eighty one the new aircraft made its first flight

the fire was piloted by test pilot glad you received

the first slide is outstanding even access to the bench foreign aircraft

followed by everyday work

before an aircraft comes in the service it must be charged interest rates

indirect meaning of the work

chronicle of aircraft has just always full of those victories and a solution

and sometimes even tragedy

nomads live accident happen in december nineteen eighty one

the speed of two thousand three hundred kilometers per hour

than those of the financial analyst from

this plane was the last one for just a little

alexander tomorrow

before that eventually into three previous flights when we went to high

marks number

pilot alexander complained of some noise behind the scenes back

the tests were suspended

but later the human factor played its role to make one more flying

gardens

it happened in the winter on december twenty second

we have been looking for him for quite long

the helicopter pilots on the top of one of the first results no covered with a

trace going down here

we arrived in there and found him

he was sitting there innocent

gardner tests are quite a challenging appeared for an aircraft life

requiring confirmation of all data sent specifications have done that wasn't lot

of things happened

but as for the lives of the winterization bring the aircraft into

difficult moments

achieve crazy jheel

firstly i would say

or the power plant driving yet into conditions

when it had to say

that says we're going with difficulties

as it was not often the case to test the totally new aircraft

as a rule about ten to twenty percent of the innovations are used america

everything was neat

when you go i said only to face some specific situations in one of the

flights

an extreme strains test modes

party aircraft wing was destroyed

the aircraft was turning in shaking in a very high speed

but he certainly aircraft thousands

legalize high-skill and self control

could be convenient in this respect

as the sun goes chief louis one wing and a practical logistically in nineteen

eighty two we actually completed a major stage everybody was satisfied with the

results

though we had a lot of pressure ship to meet the time schedule

at that time

they could hurt the people involved in the work and that was that the right

thing to do

when the first stage of the test was over a military test pilots

got involved in to work

in cooperation with the military the most efficiently out of the cockpit

instruments

devices and switches was determined

popup must feel comfortable at all flight status

there were some disputes as well

circular

up to now a pilot performed ground with breaking manually

with an aircraft breaking out

we switched over to petal breaking

that the palestinian elections i think that

the unanimous response was for you

they were all from the old breaking procedure

treating was going to ask out from the military when he arrived he said just

wait our range mighty they've been discussing something for about an hour

we were not there

this problem and indeed he came out and said

shes don't change anything closer you made it better

alongside with the flights around just with nothing

for short one here in the ground in aircraft was exposed to such loads so

this fighter would experience during long years of its service line

purposeful tests

as the final flaw since the scientific tests

in nineteen eighty five the fighters became operational in the air defenses

an air force one

the issue twenty seven single seat front-line fighter

aircraft lane twenty one point nine meters

height five point nine meters

winds fanned fourteen point seven meters

maximum takeoff weight twenty pounds maximum flight speed two-and-a-half

thousand kilometers per hour

flight range three thousand nine hundred kilometers

servicing eighteen point five kilometers

limiting g load nine

the first comments of the air regimens pilots confirm the outstanding

performance of the aircraft

with its combat efficiency in the issue twenty seven was superior to all

previous silicon

we immediately got a feeling that this year kraft is simple and easy and fly

it has high maneuvering characteristics and what is most important for a pilot

by the new requirements for pilot physiology and physical capabilities

pilot has to stand such jean lewis

syracuse at home in the returned to assist in the aircraft in i remember at

that time they seem to have been the

of a similar aircraft someone voted to give to them if she's on my expectations

and relax

it was time for this freedom to become well known all over the world

in nineteen eighty six a special aircraft which compared to several

records

however at that time the issue twenty seven was still a classified fighter

and that special aircraft in the name

forty two

we were told that he can issue twenty seven name was not good for the record

floods our program would be approved unsigned on the aircraft name trudy

changed

my proposed cuts up to take the first letter

team of my father's name culture

during world war two at the time of the stalingrad battle

he worked at headquarters in a political department publish sixty-six army and

i'm linda

it was nineteen forty two

the year

of the victory in stalingrad battle

the aircraft name was changed to p forty two

played in aircraft designed to set world records the p forty two was fifty

minimum wage

it was made as light as possible

even the paint was removed this was common practice

the americans did the same when they're f_-fifteen was setting rate of crime

records

they set up those records

in wintertime

when at the low temperatures

engines develop maximum thrust

now it's worth mentioning another important feature of the four th

generator fighters

such as the as you twenty-seven and the f_-fifteen

the thrust to weight ratio these fighter is more than one

that means but the engine's thrust exceeds the aircraft ways

the bar plan for the issue twenty seven aircraft was developed in the are

keeping you look at his anger

by the time of its development development glorious chapters of history

different soviet turbo jet engine was developed in the design zero nineteen

forty one pdt before the germans started to invade the u_s_ assigns after the

world war two engineers honors began to collaborate with the school of design

most of the square craft marie cocco detailed occupant of the engines

there are two eight held thirty one sister both an engine installed on these

issues twenty seven

their total thrust in full after burke is equal to twenty five pounds while the

aircraft normal weight is twenty three times

so the aircraft thrust to weight ratio is more than once

as compared with the previous generation fighter

this parameter was zero point d

as to the special record aircraft

as susan became lightweight and the trust was maximum corn and his first

week racial takeoff reached the value of tools

this enormous racial into a problem the brace couldn't hold the aircraft and to

start

therefore the aircraft was tied with steel cables

still ahead the tow truck

we selected an after burner wishes modesto tank couldn't hold the aircraft

then we had to find a huge mountain bulldozer at the airfield

i don't know what it was doing that now

results

deal or no surprise there

rested against seato tank there's some props under it

and only the system that this could call the aircraft parts when activating the

after burner

when the pilot activated after the research it was really touched and

aircraft rocketed up into the sky

the aircraft was reaching the some speed climbing vertically

from nineteen eighty six to nineteen eighty eight

bt forty-two set up more than thirty world records

just glad viktor pugach over reached a multitude of three thousand meters in

less than half a minute

to be more precise in twenty five point four seconds

it is two seconds faster than the world record evita fifty

whereas nikolai saddam to climb to a multitude of fifteen kilometers in his

aircraft within one minute sixteen seconds which is seven seconds flashing

on the americans

so the issue twenty seven was a winner in the first stage of the long distance

run against america

in the early nineties the chance to perform demo aerial combat it's between

the issue twenty seven an f_-fifteen became real

in nineteen ninety two pilots elite that's deviation senate

me differently visit to virginia u_s_ air force base

their first air combat we met at every single should fly into detail first

it was agreed that first air and unless clearly enough

they tried to maneuver but nothing came of it

then we changed the rules i'd fly forward an american pilot at the

squadron leader is behind me

from this position

so i have to fly away from campus and gold please aircraft take then was

considered a victory is deliberately enormous

position really just a bullet

by dragon higher

making it an accelerated commentary miles climbing

his fall you mean losing speed within limits of less than six hundred and

fifty kilometers proud

and then the issue twenty seven aircraft has worked on the planet

after one-and-a-half turned back firefighters tail there is nothing as

they can do

we later tonight when the americans their general philippe issue twenty

seven two sheet with o_j_ markets supports it

when he got out of the aircraft he was deleted

when we came out to him he straightforwardly admitted with his

thumbs up it was better than their f_-sixteen

foreign specialist on their first impression of the new soviet fighter

exterior in nineteen seventy seven

domestic share made from the american reconnaissance satellite

this most controversial

of the g_-ten prototype airplane can be seen

but eventually couldn't get a clear incomplete picture of the new aircraft

by the way the native code name for the issue twenty seven is fine too

which literally means flanking

the word is pragmatically mutual it's just uh... under nato classification

also is fighters names begin with the last letter f

which stands for fighter

in nineteen eighty-seven only ten years later the nato pilots finally made a

detailed pictures of the soviet fighter

police phrase began patrolling the open seat

two years later in the soviet as you twenty-seven demonstrated its

capabilities in the skies

begin june nineteen eighty nine the regular international here showed

increasing in the frenzy of labels and

to this day the soviets brought only civilian aircraft in international air

show

but in nineteen eighty nine according to the new political course of the u_s_s_r_

leaders considered as possible to demonstrate military aircraft as well

including the issue twenty-seventh

the fight it was presented in two versions

one was a basic single seat aircraft on the ethics issue twenty seven u b was if

you seek combat creep

both fighters who non-stop from an airfield into called schemas to return

to negotiate

more than that safely without air refueling as an external fuel tanks

this spoke volumes about the capabilities of the recruitment

yesterday more flying it was a real shock for all four million swallow

one-on-one over spring that led to the favorite esplanade victor which almost

totally albatross called run

the jewish noticing that the americans were the first to perform a number

similar to that one of the windshield

it happened during f_-fourteen fighter test flights in the early seventies

but the minority and injured in exchange the money be greens

when performing co-branded reaches up to one hundred and twenty three

the possibility of performing such maneuver was erratically proven by

simple hydro arrow dynamic instant specialist

by the way thus i just called this an overdone and going into extremely large

supercritical angles of attack

for the first time some of the road to reach that reflect research institute

which of course ki

where the issue twenty seven was tested for stalling and spin

during one slight perform a test pilot eager bald

it was proved that the aircraft does install when going into super critical

angles within the shortest

using all theoretical and practical results peace accord is signed her up

and said the new somatic maneuver for demonstration

as a result of this man of the aircraft energetically breaks

within four five seconds reducing the speed my round two hundred and fifty

kilometers product

there is no other possible way to break in aircraft was such a great

bureaucrat demonstrated its great capability i'll believe the specialists

and spectators will estimated that is true work

said here

demeaning the procession was like some russian there's a rundown of the

restraint

what are they going to demonstrate to ask however all this was quickly

dissipated aviation specialist from many countries

i had a chance to talk with

undoubtedly status that we we did receive the mold technology aircraft is

able to perform at present

it may be the future a special interest was plate to us it was the u_s_ is

around that time with its classified aircrafts and certainly europe was

witnessing point a marvelous achievement in the aircraft building branch

we were pleased with that

sensibility during all meetings that took place this week probably stayed in

top that we were not from the country of theirs

weapons just in general is that uh... we can do something

solitude

the concept of longitudinal study can stability is implemented

on the issue twenty seven

to a large extent this concept has an evidence of the aircraft high

maneuverability

does have a closer look at this concept

an aircraft like any physical object has a center of gravity

relative to the center point an aircraft in the air behaves there's a big serous

weight

there's another point

the point of aerodynamic center

when the center of gravity is in front of the aerodynamics center

the aircraft statically stable

suppose and flight

session aircraft experiences external disturbance

it can be a wing last trying to lift an aircraft moser

craigslist increments

and the other side of the screen

in the point of aerodynamic center

this lift force tries to push in aircraft

to its original position

this is happening

without any actions from the part

therefore stability is a capability of an aircraft to restore its flight mode

by itself

after it is affected by disturbance

such ability is very helpful

when it comes to train your craft

unstable aircraft itself can correct mistakes among all the spot

the issue twenty seven the statically unstable

it means that it's aerodynamic center is in front of the aircraft center of

gravity

in this case the lift improve doesn't prevent an angle of attack from

increasing

special scholar loss reduction for the aircraft balance

practically

it means that an aircraft is more stable when it comes to combat move removed

on the other hand to control such as stable aircraft manually

is quite challenge

honest radically unstable aircraft art has to make double movement

said she has fridge to increase and i know of a trustee that and then to

balance the aircraft also not to mention the fact that that any disturbance or

of an air flow will continue to be taking aircraft away from the balancing

point so whatever ortiz autocad means that he has to catch it all the time to

read those bloody

especially at higher answers and the freighter ran

can self-report mistake that citizenship

a pilot can easily lose the aircraft

and go to a destructive gene though

that is stranger than it is brothers right here playing for example was

statically unstable

they had to balance it manually all the time disc generally speaking

it was impossible to find this airplane in a standard way

flying it was a kind of circus heart subsequent airplanes were designed

stable

so the department wouldn't have to care about this process what's here we again

returned to this idea of instability when automatics control system hydraulic

grimes

hydraulic system give a pilot better control to his unstable aircraft

the system which helps to control in aircraft is called fly by wire system

and only the showing up on a control in aircraft

with the manual controls

the pilot had to be physically fit to perform these manipulations

the same control was used in the first jet aircraft

but in the course of time aircraft we're getting heavier

they're flying speed was going on

no man can control such an aircraft with his muscles

therefore they began to input the aircraft

with hydraulic actuators

thus reducing the physical um... for us

in the seventies they decided to reject mechanical connection

it was replaced by an electrical impulse

right at the time when they started to create the issue twenty seven aircraft

this system was big news

in the west it was called close fly by wire system playboy where but look for

product

there was a lot of talk about it

but nobody uses a system

wait for the first time in the world the system was used on the aircraft softcopy

you might have heard about it

he gave us a lot of conference great experience because the main principles

were implemented on soccer aircraft something therefore

when the issue twenty seven creation was touted

three also made a decision

to use

fly by wire system connection

and school

on this issue twenty seven when i finally deflection control stick

flying by a wire system computer forms an electrical signals

which in its journey

control of the had brought back to me

depending on flight conditions

such as altitude or speed

the system works differently

to the pilots actions

but a pilot must have a feeling of controlling his high-speed aircraft

thread reason the system is connected to the special loading mechanisms

depending on the situation a pilot applies different forces

extreme molds

the controls that prevents the pilot from making a wrong move

uh... as an example is considerably circle

it has direct controlled

the wheel turns as far as the handle bars are deflected from i think if we

make this morning bicycle see detroit operate according to the principles

implemented on a smart aircraft form

one ball doubled all the handlebars former maximum deflected as sharply as

you want to land commissioner related to how you are writing styles but not in

the wheel must deflected at no more than a possible maximum from a safety

point-of-view monday in order to this coming weekend imbalance

cellphones dept when external disturbance such as the above mentioned

one blast defects aircraft control system with the fighter back in its

initial position

to justice system to properly respond to changing situation

also sleep disorder and and and in the first camera

unfortunately

one of these flights came to try it again

day july seven nineteen seventy-eight the freighter was founded by a hero the

soviet union test pilot you can use all of you are

on this video his second on the left

according to the flight test solorio had to push his aircraft

hard to extremes you load and then put it back two original position

they call it an impulse into critical control stick and then immediately

proceed with in this situation

some defects of the aircraft control system became evidence

aircraft most up too fast

and the g log momentarily went to sex

some of you know they're not expected to be more than two

as a reflex he bush too close to back

bleak aircraft rushed down

then another reflex action would you like seated

and they're trying to destroy the new year

yevgeny some of the old

we have to tragedy very hard

we were very much upset about

the aircraft crashing

was caused by some new phenomenon

later on we found

and overcame the phenomenon

it took some time

of

to be brief we have encountered a new problem that's caused the life of our

best product

not to mention

local but he was an honored test pilot

here are the soviet union

pilotless of the highest professional skills

unfortunately lie to such as this

and just a reminder to come out of and some of the of during flight test

is from the aircraft tissue twenty-seven lists and its modifications to fly and

become better took it may be a sacrifice without which is impossible to achieve

the aircraft haldeman recognitions

and put it into service

we continue the work and develop the aircraft uh... high airworthiness put it

into service and they cried in there

we always remember our friends when speaking about this aircraft

as well as the other ones

because

their contributions

to the initial stage

and beginning of tests

can scarcely be overestimate

a test run it's worth

is not easy

when it's time to meet the unknown

they are always

the first