All language subtitles for Unearthed.2016.S10E03.1080p.WEB.h264-REALiTYTV_track2_[eng]

NARRATOR: The lost city of Kish
in modern day Iraq,

the mysterious metropolis at
the heart of the cradle

of civilization.

Legends tell of the powerful
kings who ruled these lands.

They are some of the first
kings in history.

This is an incredible story.

Kish changed the path of
history forever.

NARRATOR: A saga of divine
power, war, and conquest.

Why does this site have
such legendary status?

What can these scorched ruins
reveal about

the origins of royalty
as we know it?

Kings write, "I have built
this, I have done this,

I have conquered this,"
solidifying their right in

stone and in clay.

NARRATOR: Today, after decades
of conflict in this area,

archaeologists have rare
access to investigate this

lost city's buried secrets.

They head deep
into ancient caves.

This is probably
10,000 years at least.

NARRATOR: Launch
a high-resolution drone.

That's really interesting when
you see that with the drone.

NARRATOR: And put ancient
technology to the test.

To discover the truth
about Kish,

we digitally rebuild
this revolutionary city,

from its monumental ziggurats

to its war-torn palaces.

We unearth hundreds of
human skeletons

and clues of
a shocking betrayal

to explore the lost world of
the Sumerian kings.

The Iraqi desert --
over 5,000 years ago,

the world's first cities are
born here in Mesopotamia,

the land between two rivers.

Legends tell of
all-powerful kings

ruling over
these vast lands,

the kings of Kish.

Now,
60 miles south of Baghdad,

investigators head into
the desert to hunt for the ruins

of the king's capital.

Kish is described
as a mighty city.

At its height,
it's a sprawling metropolis

that spans 25 million
square feet.

In the east sits
a fortified palace for

the king's throne, and beside
it, a colossal temple complex.

A labyrinth of streets
packed with mud

brick houses encircles
these impressive landmarks.

In the west is another
giant temple complex.

Kish is a legendary
capital fit

for some of history's
first kings.

Do any of its impressive
structures survive?

And can the ruins reveal
the truth

about the legends of Kish?

Decades of conflict have kept

archaeologists away
from this region.

But now, a pioneering team
is on a quest to

explore enormous mounds
that could conceal

the king's legendary capital.

Investigators Jeff Allen
and Ammar al-Taee

have rare access
to the site of Kish.

Our cameras have been granted

special permission
to follow them.

Jeff has spent
27 years protecting

ancient sites
in war-torn regions,

and Ammar works for the Iraq
State Board of Antiquities.

They search for clues
of ancient

structures among
the sun-scorched ruins.

The first step to
understanding the story of Kish

is to look at the evidence
that's around us here.

NARRATOR: This vast site is
made up of more than 40 mounds

that sprawl across an area

larger than the country
of Monaco.

The only way to survey
every inch is from the air.

Ammar launches a drone-mounted,
high-definition camera

to capture the topography of
the landscape in

digital detail.

JEFF: Wow, this is an amazing
archaeological site.

-It's enormous.
-AMMAR: Yeah.

JEFF: And really what impresses
me are these mounds here.

AMMAR: Yeah.

NARRATOR: Two giant mounds,
each over 40 feet tall,

stand out among the ruins.

When I see these, I get
the impression that one of these

could have been a ziggurat,
a pyramid-like structure

rising towards a temple
at the top.

NARRATOR: Ammar uses the drone
footage to create an accurate

3D model of each mound
on the site.

JEFF: Mm-hmm.

NARRATOR: The first mound soars
46 feet high.

It has a clear square shape
at its base

and what looks like
a tower on top.

NARRATOR: The distinctive
profile is proof

this is once a ziggurat,

an iconic temple monument
reaching up toward the heavens

and visible for miles around.

Mesopotamian cities typically
center around a ziggurat,

like this one

still visible in
the nearby city of Ur today.

But the second mound in Kish
is more mysterious.

Ammar and Jeff inspect
their 3D model.

It's a staggered shape,
kind of steps down, yes.

NARRATOR: This mound is 44 feet
tall, and its profile reveals

a more gradual uneven slope,
which is also consistent with

a ziggurat ruin,

proof of a second ziggurat
in Kish.

But right next to
this second ziggurat,

they spot yet another
intriguing mound.

NARRATOR:
It's 26 feet tall,

with a similar
staggered profile.

These adjacent mounds reveal
something extraordinary

in Kish.

NARRATOR: This discovery of
a double ziggurat is remarkable.

It gives Kish a total of three
ziggurats, more than any usual

Mesopotamian city.

The enormous
size of the city,

plus the fact that it had
three ziggurats, suggests to me

that it was
an important place.

NARRATOR: The evidence is
that Kish matches

the legendary descriptions.

These mounds are once
towering temples.

Their cores
survive to this day.

Jeff and Ammar
want to know how such

a monumental city rises up in
the middle of the desert.

Ammar uses experimental
archaeology to investigate.

He wants to recreate
Kish's bricks.

At a nearby site,

his team experiments
with ancient techniques

and materials.

They combine mud and water

and add straw
to thicken the mixture.

Then they use a square mold to

shape it and create bricks
with uniform dimensions.

NARRATOR: They dry
in the hot desert air,

and the result is
bricks that hold

together just like
the ones that Kish.

Each mud brick can bear
1,700 pounds of weight.

That's strong enough to
support the towering ziggurats.

But their ancient recipe
reveals the city's

building blocks
require a lot of water.

Ammar investigates where
the water could come from.

He inspects some exposed
original bricks

close up and spots
something strange.

NARRATOR: It's a crucial clue
to how Kish grows

so large and why it has
three towering ziggurats.

The first ziggurat
sits at the center of

a small city on the northern
bank of the river.

A mile away
on the southern bank,

another city develops

with a colossal double
ziggurat at its heart.

Over hundreds of years,
these two small cities,

each with their own religious
center, grow and merge into

the powerful, mega metropolis
of Kish.

Is it home
to legendary kings?

Stephanie Dalley
looks for clues at

the prestigious
Ashmolean Museum in Oxford.

She is one of just
a few people

in the world who can
read cuneiform,

the earliest writing system
ever discovered.

This cuneiform-covered prism is
the 3,800-year-old

Sumerian King List,

a rare record of the world's
earliest cities

and their rulers.

Stephanie has special access
to examine

the Sumerian King List
up close.

She searches for evidence of
kings in Kish.

STEPHANIE:
This is the first column,

and then that's
the second column.

In this list of kings here,

you get the kingship
was in Kish.

NARRATOR: The ancient text
identifies 39 kings of Kish.

One stands out -- Etana.

Here,
we've got Etana.

So he's Etana the Shepherd,
who ascended

to heaven and consolidated
all the foreign countries.

NARRATOR: Legends written
in clay reveal

further clues to
this divine intervention.

According to these legends,

the gods choose Etana to rule
as king of the earth,

but his pregnant wife cannot
give birth to their royal heir.

The one known remedy is
the birth plant,

which Etana must
bring down from heaven.

Instructed by
the solar god, Shamash,

Etana rescues an enormous maimed
eagle languishing in a pit.

The eagle carries Etana
into heaven to retrieve

the birth plant
and secure his royal line.

The Sumerian King List states

Etana reigns
an impossible 1,500 years.

Can an intriguing discovery
underneath

Kish's double ziggurat
shed light

on the truth
within these myths?

And can hidden inscriptions
reveal if the king

of Kish wields ultimate power
over neighboring city states?

NARRATOR:
The ancient city of Kish,

home to some of
the first kings in history.

But their stories mix
fact and fiction.

They do have
enormous inconsistencies.

NARRATOR: Stephanie Dalley
discovers more potential

mythmaking in
the Sumerian King List.

It says the flood
came over the earth.

Then kingship was in Kish.

NARRATOR: Evidence of a great
flood in Kish would

help establish the reliability
of the King List

and bolster its claim about
the rise of royalty here.

Archaeologists dig
beneath the remains

of the twin ziggurats

and unearth mysterious
buildings 20 feet down.

They find a central street
lined with houses and alleyways

and human skeletons
buried in the homes

underneath the floor --
on top of these ruins lies

a one-foot-thick layer
of sediment

filled with pottery fragments
and fish bones.

It's evidence of dramatic
destruction in Kish.

Could this prove the flood
is real?

Today, the ruins beneath
the ziggurats are protected.

So now, archaeologists must
look for clues elsewhere.

Iraqi-American Mark Altaweel
investigates

a remote spot 180 miles away
in Iraqi Kurdistan.

Modern conflicts have meant

this area has often been
off-limits to archaeologists,

but now, Mark has rare

access to explore
its subterranean secrets.

He examines a dark
and treacherous

cave concealed beneath
the Zagros Mountains.

Mark treks through the darkness
for over half a mile.

This cave is a time capsule

that may hold clues
to the flood myth.

This is a speleothem.

It is a kind of
growing stalagmite.

If you can see,
there's water at the very top

and it's dripping.

NARRATOR: The dripping water
contains minerals, which

gradually deposit
on the cave floor.

Over time, they build up into
tall stacks called speleothems.

Mark ventures
deeper into the cave.

This is probably 10,000 years
at least, given the height.

NARRATOR: The minerals inside
these speleothems contain

secrets of the last
10,000 years.

You can retrieve different
kinds of chemical data,

which allows you to
reconstruct things

like rainfall,
ancient rainfall.

This is how we learn about
Iraq's ancient climates.

NARRATOR:
More rain means more drips,

but a drought means no drips.

So speleothems are
an historic record of rainfall.

Mark's team collects
samples from the speleothems

and takes them
back to the lab.

Then they analyze
the minerals'

molecular fingerprints
and turn them into data

to reveal the rainfall levels
over time.

So you had a very different
situation than you do today.

NARRATOR:
The data shows that a lot of

rain falls on ancient Iraq,

but the level of rainfall

indicated by these spikes
is inconsistent.

The flood story
really is, in many ways,

symbolic of the volatility
of water in Iraq.

It is a region
that can be quite wet

one year and quite dry
another year.

So you can foresee
with this kind of data,

for instance,
you have this all

of a sudden spike of
rainfall occurring.

Maybe it was this spike
that could have

led to the inspiration
of the flood story.

NARRATOR:
Mark's data adds to

the destruction layer
beneath Kish's ziggurat.

Together, they suggest
a great flood at Kish.

The data could explain
why the Sumerian King List

claims that kingship in
Kish follows the flood.

It reveals a dramatic
spike 5,500 years ago,

exactly when the first cities
are founded in Mesopotamia.

MARK: All of a sudden, you have
basically the wettest period

in Iraq's history,

and it so happens to coincide
with the rise of urbanism.

It creates an opportunity,
effectively, to develop city.

NARRATOR: But with this thriving
civilization comes a problem.

MARK:
How do you deal with this sort

of complex issue of organizing
people to manage

years of plenty
and years of perhaps drought.

NARRATOR: The Euphrates
floods so frequently

that ancient Mesopotamians
develop an intricate

irrigation system
to harness its immense power.

During the yearly
summer flood,

they channel water from
the river into farmland,

where it helps produce
bountiful harvests.

Mesopotamian farmers also
developed complex reservoir

systems to regulate
water levels during

the floods and store huge
quantities of water

for the dry season.

Control of water is the key

to the growth
and success of cities.

Leaders who do it well amass

resources and power,
and royalty is born.

MARK: So I think the flood story
makes a lot of sense.

Certainly, I can see why
monarchy evolves out of this.

NARRATOR: The kings of Kish
may owe their rise

to the floodwaters,

but the ancient King
List describes

them ruling over other
Mesopotamian cities.

Is there any truth
to this account?

Could a discovery of military
propaganda in Kish's

royal palace reveal clues?

NARRATOR: The once flourishing
city of Kish

and its powerful kings
rise out of dramatic floods.

But the legends say
that the kings of

Kish wield power far
beyond the city's borders.

Quite often,
legends are based on truth,

but over thousands of years,
they become twisted.

NARRATOR:
Jeff and Ammar want to find

out if there is truth to
the legends.

They launch their drone and look
for clues of kings at Kish.

Ammar identifies the faint
outline of a floor plan.

NARRATOR: These are
the remarkable ruins

of an ancient palace.

Kish is home to one of

the earliest royal palaces
ever discovered.

Built around
4,600 years ago,

the palace of Kish is

a highly sophisticated
and fortified building.

The archaeologists who uncover
its ruins imagine that

the palace once has soaring

layered defensive walls and
platforms from where soldiers

can launch volleys
of projectiles.

Inside the royal wing is
a mysterious limestone carving.

It shows the king
wielding an ax

and taking prisoners captive.

Is this evidence of a powerful

king of Kish dominating
his neighbors?

Sebastien Rey is an expert

on the intricate rivalries
of Mesopotamia.

He investigates Lagash,

an ancient city state
130 miles southeast of Kish.

He suspects this site
could unlock vital clues

about the extent of
Kish's power.

Over 100 years ago,
French archaeologists

unearth a curious layer
of destruction here.

The French pioneers,

when they opened
their excavations,

they found many relics,
many objects.

NARRATOR: Now, at the same spot,
Sebastien's team

is excavating the ruins of
a mysterious temple.

This was the temple
dedicated to the main god,

the chief god at the heart of
the sacred precinct of Lagash.

NARRATOR: They dig deeper
for missing puzzle pieces

that the previous
excavators did not find.

New discoveries,
together with the objects

uncovered 100 years ago,

allow them to piece together
the full story

of what happens here.

Sebastien examines some of
the objects

unearthed in Lagash.

He has special access to

the original report from
the 19th century excavations.

This is one of the most
important objects.

So the two pieces
of the stelae were

broken off,
and we can see the impact.

NARRATOR: This fragment
of stela shows a God

holding a net full of
enemy soldiers.

The destruction line literally
breaks the area

where the God
is holding the net,

and this was done in
a symbolic way to free

the soldiers trapped
inside the net.

NARRATOR:
This break is no accident.

It's carefully crafted
by an enemy of Lagash

who wants to cut
their soldiers loose.

Sebastien thinks the identity
of Lagash's enemy

could be revealed by another
intriguing object.

This ancient text is
an historical

account of a war
in Mesopotamia

that rages from around
2600 BCE.

The text tells of
this conflict, going back

to the time of a king of
Kish, Mesilim.

NARRATOR:
King Mesilim of Kish brokers

an agreement between
Lagash and Umma,

neighboring city states
who are fighting over

disputed territory.

King Mesilim erects a stone
stela to mark a new border.

But Mesilim's peace plan takes
a strip of land away from Umma.

Feeling short-changed,
Umma breaches the agreement

and blocks the canals

that provide water
to Lagash downstream.

Unable to reconcile
the dispute,

the cities slip into a war
that spans many decades.

The Umma-Lagash border
conflict is

the very first conflict
known in history.

NARRATOR:
Throughout the long war,

both cities claim
they are enforcing

the will of King Mesilim.

The reverence
paid to Mesilim is

vital evidence of Kish's
far-reaching power.

SEBASTIEN: It seems indeed that
at the very beginning of

the 3rd millennium, Kish
exercised a form of control over

most of Mesopotamia.

We believe that
the Sumerian cities

at that time formed a league.

Kish was the overlord
of this league.

NARRATOR: Legends of another
king of Kish could shed

light on how Kish rises
to this overlord status.

According to
ancient inscriptions,

King Enmebaragesi of Kish
conquers neighboring Elam.

Then, in a city far to
the south of Kish, Nippur,

Enmebaragesi builds
a temple dedicated

to the God, Enlil.

Enlil is the most powerful
god in the Sumerian pantheon,

the supreme embodiment
of authority.

By building this temple,
Enmebaragesi claims

divine authority, not

just as king
of the city of Kish,

but over the entire region.

The tales of Enmebaragesi
and Mesilim showed

that the early kings of Kish

exert military
and diplomatic power

over a huge area.

This marks a turning point
in Mesopotamian history.

Now, one king, the king of Kish,
is the king of kings.

Can a groundbreaking
discovery in Kish

reveal the true influence
of these kings?

And can macabre graves
shed light

on a threat to Kish's power?

NARRATOR: Discoveries
in the ancient city of Kish

are shedding light on how
their pioneering kings

change our world.

JEFF: Kish changed the path
of history forever,

like no city state
had ever done before.

NARRATOR: 30 feet below ground,
archaeologists make

an extraordinary discovery
in Kish,

a two-wheeled wooden chariot,
preserved for millennia by

the desert sand.

Surrounding it,

the skeletons of
oxen and people.

The excavators
also unearth a four-wheeled

chariot with donkey
and human skeletons.

The remains of a sentry
guard the tomb.

They are some of the earliest
wheeled vehicles

ever discovered.

They date to the era of
Kish's great kings.

Who are the people
buried here?

Paul Collins is an expert
in Mesopotamian burials.

There's no other find in
Mesopotamia

that compares with them.

The early excavators, when they
were discovered in the 1920s,

imagine that they might belong
to the princes of Kish,

but it remains a debated
question of exactly

what these graves represent.

NARRATOR: Paul is on a mission
to find out what

these unique chariot burials
can reveal about kings in Kish.

He has special access
to analyze a precious

clay model of
a chariot unearthed

in Kish's royal palace.

This perfect miniature,
handcrafted around

4,400 years ago,

reveals how these early chariots
are used by Kish's kings.

PAUL: At the very front is
a container for the spears,

which you would then hurl at
the enemy as the vehicle

trundled over the land.

NARRATOR: Chariots
are the chosen weapon

of kings for thousands
of years,

and they are buried
with them, too.

Kish's kings
are quick to adopt

another great innovation of
this era -- writing.

Lara Bampfield is
an expert

in ancient
Mesopotamian inscriptions.

She investigates
how writing develops.

She draws the sign "ki."

It represents the word "place"
in the Sumerian language.

It's all pictographic
at this point.

It's a very rudimentary
form of a sign.

NARRATOR: Lara thinks that
kings drive the development

of these basic signs into
something revolutionary.

She draws to later versions of
the "ki" sign in cuneiform.

LARA: These inside four lines
have become the inside wedges.

As we move into later
variations of the script,

we have a much clearer
impressed version on the clay.

NARRATOR: Lara's drawings reveal
these pictographic signs

evolved into the world's first
writing script, cuneiform.

Lara thinks it develops
for political reasons.

Writing is definitely a form
of power, and this is very

much seen in Mesopotamia,
where kings write scripts

across monumental structures.

"I have built this,
I have done this,

I have conquered this," almost
highlighting and solidifying

their right in stone
and in clay.

NARRATOR:
Under the influence of kings,

writing develops
into complex literature

that records victory, legend,
and the world's first history.

Innovations like writing
and chariots are

at the heart of
the kings' success,

and the huge reach of
the kings of Kish

allows writing to be rolled
out across the region.

The ancient
Mesopotamians developed

writing and arithmetic.

They're the first
to divide the circle into

360 degrees and invent the hour,
minute, and the second.

These innovations allow
their kings to organize their

work force and mass produce
at an unprecedented scale.

Mesopotamians are among
the first civilizations to

harness wheel technology.

Kish's kings
used chariots to fight wars

and parade their power.

These kings adorn
their capital with

new, impressive styles
of art and writing,

immortalizing their rule.

Many of
these Mesopotamian technologies

are cornerstones of
modern civilization.

The kings of Kish
use all their tools to

create and secure a society
bent to their rule.

But a macabre discovery
in Kish may be

a sign of trouble ahead
for these early kings.

What can the ruins of

the royal palace reveal
about Kish's fate?

NARRATOR: Kish --

the ruins of the city's

three enormous ziggurats
still tower over the desert.

But Ammar al-Taee's
investigation of the city

reveals that other landmarks
are almost completely missing.

Only a handful of
bricks remain.

NARRATOR: He heads to the spot
where Kish's royal palace

once stands and sees only
desert sand and shrubs.

Excavations inside
the palace's footprint shed

light on why
so little survives.

15 feet below ground,

archaeologists discover
162 human skeletons.

They are all buried
in a half fetal position,

with grave goods
scattered around them.

Weapons lie by their side --
axes, knives, and blades.

Hidden beneath
these graves,

excavators find the shocking
ruins of the palace.

Burn marks
on the walls suggest

it has been razed
to the ground.

Is this evidence
of a catastrophe at Kish?

Paul Collins wants to find out
why people are buried here.

He has special access
to examine

a weapon unearthed
in these graves.

Paul instantly
recognizes the shape.

So this is an ax head,
very typical in shape,

where you have
the cutting blade

emerging out of this cylinder
of metal, which was

hafted onto
a wooden stick.

NARRATOR: But this ax head
is a miniature,

much smaller than the axes
used as weapons at this time.

It could be
it was intended for use on

the journey by the dead person
to the next world.

NARRATOR: Ancient Mesopotamians
are buried with symbolic weapons

like this so they are
armed in the afterlife.

Their burial location
on top of

the palace site is
deeply meaningful.

These people are honoring
the great heritage of

Kish's kings.

Long abandoned,
but the memory of this great

palace continued to echo
down through the generations.

NARRATOR:
The burials spanned decades

after the palace is abandoned.

Stephanie Dalley
investigates what happens at

Kish to lead
to this tragic scene.

She examines the Sumerian King
List again for answers

and spots a strange detail
about a man named Sargon.

STEPHANIE: With Sargon,
who comes into the King List,

it says that he's a cup bearer
to a king in Kish.

NARRATOR: He is entrusted
with serving wine

at the king's table.

But later on the list,
Sargon is named

as a king himself.

This reveals a shocking
twist in Kish's story

in around 2350 BCE.

King Ur-zababa of Kish

sends his cup bearer,
Sargon,

to broker a peace deal with
Lugal-zage-si,

an ambitious young king
from the south,

but Sargon betrays Ur-zababa.

He forms a new alliance
with Lugal-zage-si.

Together, they conquer Kish and
burn the palace to the ground.

Sargon is emboldened by
his rise to power and rebels

again --
he amasses an army,

defeats Lugal-zage-si
in battle,

and conquers
his territories.

Sargon declares himself
the ruler of a new superpower,

the Acadian empire.

He is the first emperor
in history.

Sargon's new imperial rule
is brutal and bloody.

The surviving citizens of Kish
memorialized their great kings

and buried their dead
on the remains

of the destroyed palace.

The burials prove
that Sargon's takeover

and the destruction
of the palace

do not erase the memory
of Kish's powerful kings.

But if the mighty city of Kish
is razed to the ground,

what are these buildings that
still stand on the site today?

And why does the title
"King of Kish" live on?

NARRATOR:
Kish's royal palace is razed to

the ground and the king of
Kish usurped.

But Ammar's investigation
shows that life in

the city continues into
the 2nd millennium BCE.

Ammar hunts for clues
of what happens to

Kish and its kings after
the palace is destroyed.

The 46-foot ziggurat ruin
is a bold red color,

but the surrounding land
and the ruins

of the other ziggurats are
earthy brown.

Ammar believes the discovery
of this ancient kiln

nearby could explain
this stark difference.

NARRATOR: Ammar suspects
the red bricks for

the ziggurat could be made in
kilns like these.

He works with
a brickmaker, Achmed Hamza,

to put his theory
to the test.

They build
their own miniature

kiln based on
the ancient design.

The 30 mud bricks inside
have been baked

for seven hours
and then left to cool.

NARRATOR: The kiln-baked
red bricks are

stronger than
the simple mud bricks

across most of Kish.

Their presence on the ziggurat
is striking evidence

that a later civilization
rebuilds this monument.

Ammar finds more evidence of
a later reconstruction at Kish.

NARRATOR: Ammar searches for
clues of the new builders.

He finds evidence
that the temple ruin next

to the crumbling ziggurat is
also a later construction.

[speaking foreign language]

[speaking foreign language]

NARRATOR: King Nebuchadnezzar
rules a mighty empire

from his capital, Babylon,

once the greatest city of
the ancient world, with its own

mighty ziggurat and
the legendary hanging gardens.

He rules from 605 BCE,

long after Kish
is abandoned.

Stephanie Dalley believes
King Nebuchadnezzar is attracted

to the ruins of Kish
for a very particular reason.

The patron god of Kish
was the war god Zababa.

Now, the oracles of a war god
are specially useful,

because when you're
setting off for battle,

you need to know
if it's safe to do so.

And so the oracle was very
much sought after.

NARRATOR: King Nebuchadnezzar
honors Zababa by rebuilding

his ziggurat,

and Kish becomes
a vital accessory

to the mighty
Babylonian Empire.

STEPHANIE: Kish became
a military base for Babylon.

NARRATOR:
Kish and its kings become

a symbol of ultimate rule
in Mesopotamia.

The legendary capital of
Kish rises

from the riverbeds of
the mighty Euphrates

to become one of the first
cities in the world.

The kings of Kish are among
the world's first kings.

They embody an idea
of monarchy

that reverberates through
millennia to today.

They build one of the earliest
royal palaces ever discovered

and conquer foreign lands to
create the world's first empire.

And with writing
and arithmetic,

they create a legacy for us
5,000 years

after the civilization
they build returns to dust.

[dramatic music playing]