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Narrator: the spartans --
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The greatest warriors
Of ancient greece.
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"Spartans" became a byword
For heroism and courage.
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Narrator:
These fearless fighters
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Carved their names into legend
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At thermopylae...
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In an epic battle
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That changes
The course of history.
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What the spartans achieved at
Thermopylae was immortal glory.
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Narrator: ancient sources claim
300 spartans
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Hold off an army
Of more than 1 million men,
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00:00:33,586 --> 00:00:37,241
But how much of this
Blood-soaked tale is true?
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For thousands of years, people
Have wanted to know the truth
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Of what actually happened here.
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Narrator: today, investigators
Use satellite technology
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And weapons tests
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To reveal the secrets
Of this monumental clash.
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♪♪
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-ah!
-oh!
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Narrator: to unlock the truth
Behind these ancient warriors,
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We'll rebuild the battlefield
Of their greatest conflict --
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Reconstruct their lost city
In the mountains
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And reveal the hidden evidence
Of their courageous last stand.
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--captions by vitac--
Www.Vitac.Com
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Captions paid for by
Discovery communications
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Thermopylae, central greece --
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Today, the kallidromo mountains
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Loom over a peaceful landscape,
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But 2,500 years ago,
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These slopes ring
With the sound of war.
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The battle of thermopylae
Has become
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One of the most famous
Battles in history.
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Narrator:
At this ancient battlefield,
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Two great armies collide
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In a clash
Of extraordinary proportions.
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Legend has it that in 480 b.C.,
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The persian king xerxes
Invades greece
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With an army
Of more than 1 million men.
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To reach the greek capital,
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They have to squeeze through
The narrow coastal pass
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At thermopylae,
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But one thing stands
In their way --
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300 elite spartan warriors
Armed to the teeth.
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♪♪
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The 300 spartans hold off
The persian forces for 3 days,
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Killing tens of thousands.
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Is there any truth to this
Incredible war story?
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[ indistinct shouting ]
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Historian ian macgregor morris
Is on a quest to discover
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What really happens
At thermopylae.
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He wants to know where reality
Lies within the legend,
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But the stories
Come from ancient texts
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Written after the fighting ends.
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Morris: the writers
Were not at the battle,
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So we always have to be
Very careful reading them.
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Narrator: ian first wants to
Examine why the spartans
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Take on what seems
Like a suicide mission.
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His investigation starts here at
The ancient sanctuary of delphi.
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This is where the spartan road
To war begins.
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Morris: delphi was a crucial
Place in the lead-up to the war.
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It was a site of gossip,
People spreading ideas,
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Rumors of the coming threats.
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♪♪
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Narrator: in 480 b.C., sparta
Is just one small city-state
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In a divided greece.
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Persia is a superpower
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That's conquered two-thirds
Of the known world.
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Now it's hell-bent
On crushing greece.
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Legend says that the spartan
King and commander, leonidas,
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Sends emissaries to delphi
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To seek advice
On the gathering storm.
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They gain an audience
With delphi's magical priestess.
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Known as the oracle, she
Can supposedly tell the future.
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Before any major undertaking,
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Spartans would ask
The approval of the oracle.
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Narrator: 2,500 years ago,
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Delphi is home to a grand temple
Dedicated to apollo,
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The god of truth and prophecy.
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Legend has it that deep
In the bowels of the temple
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Is a forbidden room --
The inner sanctum of the oracle.
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Here, the essence of apollo
Leaks through the floor,
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Sending the priestess
Into a deep trance.
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♪♪
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She predicts that if
The spartans fight persia,
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Either their city
Will be destroyed,
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Or their king will die.
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♪♪
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Can this prophecy of doom
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Convince the spartans
To go to war?
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To find out, ian first
Wants to discover
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If there's any truth behind
The story of the priestess.
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Incredibly, the fumes
That fuel the oracle's visions
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Could have
A real-world explanation.
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Ian searches for evidence
On the mountainside
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Where delphi is built.
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This jagged spike of rock
Is a clue.
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Morris: and what we see here
Is evidence of a fault line
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Running under the landscape
Through this part of greece.
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It is evidence of great
Geological activity.
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Narrator: earthquakes have
Shaken these mountains
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For thousands of years.
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They push rocks like this
Out of the ground.
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Ian thinks the same
Seismic activity
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Could be responsible
For the oracle's visions.
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Morris: ruptures caused
By this violent movement
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Could have released
Trapped gases,
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00:05:59,172 --> 00:06:02,068
And these vapors emerging
From the earth
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Could've inspired the legends
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And the stories of the
Intoxication of the priestess.
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Morris: these hallucinogenic
Vapors send the oracle
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Into an otherworldly trance.
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For the ancient greeks,
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It's a terrifying
And convincing spectacle.
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We have this evidence
That it had a very real impact
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On people's lives.
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Again and again in our sources,
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The spartans regularly
Sent officials here
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To ask key questions
Of the priestess.
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Narrator: ian thinks there's
A grain of truth
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To the story of the oracle.
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The prophecies of the priestess
Were taken very,
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Very seriously, indeed.
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The oracle the spartans received
Did not give them much choice.
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It made the actions of leonidas
Absolutely necessary.
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♪♪
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Narrator: the spartan king
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Believes in the oracle's
Premonition of his death.
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For him,
It's a sign of his destiny,
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That he must sacrifice himself
In battle
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00:07:01,551 --> 00:07:05,724
To save sparta
From persian tyranny.
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Driven by the prophecy,
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Leonidas readies
His troops for war.
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Convinced they're marching
To their deaths,
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He selects
Only experienced warriors
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Who leave behind sons
To keep their lineage alive.
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♪♪
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It's clear they can't face
The coming threat alone...
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♪♪
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...But in the lead-up to battle,
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Many greek states
Would rather submit to persia
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Than take on xerxes' huge army.
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With the invasion of xerxes,
Only certain greek states
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Saw a mutual interest
In fighting side by side.
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Narrator: but ian believes
Leonidas taking a stand
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Against the invaders
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Inspires rival states
To join sparta at war.
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♪♪
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Morris:
He made a very deliberate choice
To symbolically resist persia.
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This in itself is an incredibly
Heroic stance
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To encourage the rest
Of the allies to come together.
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♪♪
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Narrator:
In the summer of 480 b.C.,
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Leonidas mobilizes 300
Of his finest warriors.
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♪♪
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On the road to war, other forces
Join them from all over greece.
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♪♪
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As leonidas marches
Over 200 miles to thermopylae,
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He picks up troops
From over 30 greek states.
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The 300 spartans fighting alone
Is a modern myth.
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On the eve of battle,
The greeks are 7,000 strong.
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♪♪
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The spartans will form
The front line
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Against the gigantic
Persian army,
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Which is said to be
The largest in the world.
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Legend has it, they hold off
The relentless enemy attack
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For three days,
But are the stories accurate?
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Now, investigators can finally
Reveal the secrets
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Of how leonidas and his warriors
Fight back against annihilation.
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♪♪
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♪♪
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Narrator:
Thermopylae, greece, 480 b.C. --
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King leonidas marches here
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With 300 elite spartan warriors
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Joined by 7,000 greek troops.
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♪♪
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Ancient sources estimate
The opposing persian army
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To consist of 1 million men.
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It's said the spartans
Fight them off for three days.
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It's an incredible feat,
But is it true?
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♪♪
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Ancient writers say
The spartans make their stand
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At a narrow pass flanked
By mountains and the sea.
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They claim it's key
To the spartan battle plan.
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Ian macgregor morris,
An expert on sparta,
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Has come to the battle site
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To see if legend
Matches up with reality.
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Morris: below me is
The battlefield of thermopylae,
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But what we see here
Is utterly different
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From what is described
In our sources.
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The sea is miles away.
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The cliffs are not
Particularly steep here.
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Narrator: it seems like
The sources are flawed,
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But in the 2,500 years
Since the battle,
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The scenery here
Has changed dramatically.
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♪♪
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Blowing away the modern
Landscape
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Reveals a mix of salt,
Sediment, and marine fossils,
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A clue that this
Isn't always dry land.
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It leads to a shelf of brilliant
White travertine rock
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Laid down by
Mineral-rich hot springs.
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At the time of the battle,
This is 60 feet lower
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And right on the waterline,
Creating a narrow strip of land
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Between the sea
And the mountains.
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This hidden landscape fits the
Description of the battlefield.
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Is this really where
The spartans face off
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00:11:39,448 --> 00:11:41,758
Against the persians?
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Where I'm standing would've been
The coastline in 480 b.C.
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Opposite me -- sheer cliffs.
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Narrator: ian thinks
The landscape is a key factor
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In the spartan battle plan,
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00:11:54,655 --> 00:11:57,758
But hot springs have helped
Bury the original battlefield
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In a strange
Sulfurous landscape,
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00:12:01,172 --> 00:12:04,000
Making it tough for ian
To be sure he's at the spot
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Where the fighting takes place.
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00:12:07,379 --> 00:12:08,793
He climbs to higher ground
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Searching for the evidence
He needs
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00:12:11,793 --> 00:12:15,965
And finds what could be
The remains of an ancient wall.
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00:12:16,000 --> 00:12:20,724
The legend says the spartans
Use it to defend their camp.
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00:12:20,758 --> 00:12:22,896
These large blocks,
We can see their size
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00:12:22,931 --> 00:12:24,206
And how they've been shaped,
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Are typical of the years
Of greek history
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00:12:26,034 --> 00:12:29,310
Before the invasion of xerxes,
And where we are here,
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Just above
The pass of thermopylae,
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It's highly probable
That this is the wall
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00:12:33,551 --> 00:12:36,724
That our ancient sources
Mention.
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00:12:36,758 --> 00:12:39,000
Narrator: for ian,
The wall is further proof
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00:12:39,034 --> 00:12:41,689
That the sources are accurate.
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00:12:41,724 --> 00:12:43,034
At the bottom of this slope
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Is where the spartans clash
With the persians.
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Morris: the location of the wall
Implies that many of the details
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We read in those ancient sources
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All tie in with what
We actually find here.
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00:12:55,068 --> 00:12:57,965
Narrator: now that he's found
The right location,
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00:12:58,000 --> 00:13:01,034
Ian thinks the spartan decision
To fight here
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00:13:01,068 --> 00:13:05,620
Is an ingenious tactic.
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00:13:05,655 --> 00:13:07,206
Morris:
When you reach thermopylae,
237
00:13:07,241 --> 00:13:09,724
Leonidas knew
With comparatively few men,
238
00:13:09,758 --> 00:13:11,448
The best way to stop
The persians
239
00:13:11,482 --> 00:13:13,827
Was to block the road
At the narrowest point
240
00:13:13,862 --> 00:13:17,862
That couldn't be outflanked.
241
00:13:17,896 --> 00:13:19,862
Narrator:
Ian uses geological data
242
00:13:19,896 --> 00:13:23,068
To reconstruct the coastline
In 480 b.C.
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00:13:23,103 --> 00:13:25,965
♪♪
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00:13:26,000 --> 00:13:28,724
He marks out the dimensions
Of the ancient pass
245
00:13:28,758 --> 00:13:33,517
To calculate how many men
It would take to defend.
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00:13:33,551 --> 00:13:37,103
We see how close we are
To the cliffs here.
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00:13:37,137 --> 00:13:38,827
In this space,
248
00:13:38,862 --> 00:13:43,517
We could fit perhaps
20 spartan warriors in a line,
249
00:13:43,551 --> 00:13:48,931
A wall of bronze
Blocking the road into greece.
250
00:13:48,965 --> 00:13:51,551
The data reveals
A narrow battlefield
251
00:13:51,586 --> 00:13:55,344
That suits
The small spartan army,
252
00:13:55,379 --> 00:13:59,310
But it plays havoc with
The persian plan of attack.
253
00:13:59,344 --> 00:14:02,310
The persians could not utilize
Their huge numbers.
254
00:14:02,344 --> 00:14:05,862
The narrowness of the road meant
That persians were funneled in
255
00:14:05,896 --> 00:14:08,448
To face the greek line.
256
00:14:08,482 --> 00:14:10,758
Narrator: a narrow battlefield
Means the persians
257
00:14:10,793 --> 00:14:15,413
Can't overwhelm the greeks
With their huge numbers,
258
00:14:15,448 --> 00:14:17,103
But does it really help
The spartans
259
00:14:17,137 --> 00:14:21,793
To fight off a million men?
260
00:14:21,827 --> 00:14:24,620
A clue lies in
A long-lost structure
261
00:14:24,655 --> 00:14:27,931
That the persian king builds
On his way to thermopylae.
262
00:14:27,965 --> 00:14:32,137
♪♪
263
00:14:32,172 --> 00:14:35,068
To move his army into greece,
264
00:14:35,103 --> 00:14:38,413
Xerxes must cross a mile-wide
Stretch of sea
265
00:14:38,448 --> 00:14:40,482
Separating asia from europe.
266
00:14:40,517 --> 00:14:44,896
♪♪
267
00:14:44,931 --> 00:14:49,689
According to legend, he anchors
700 ships in the strait
268
00:14:49,724 --> 00:14:54,793
And has them lashed together
With thick ropes.
269
00:14:54,827 --> 00:14:59,344
His men lay wooden planks
Across the top
270
00:14:59,379 --> 00:15:04,172
And cover them earth
To make a roadway.
271
00:15:04,206 --> 00:15:06,965
This creates
Two huge pontoon bridges
272
00:15:07,000 --> 00:15:09,586
That carry the massive
Persian war machine
273
00:15:09,620 --> 00:15:12,206
Into europe in just seven days.
274
00:15:12,241 --> 00:15:15,758
♪♪
275
00:15:15,793 --> 00:15:17,689
But do the greeks really face
276
00:15:17,724 --> 00:15:21,068
The biggest army
In the ancient world?
277
00:15:21,103 --> 00:15:22,931
Ian looks for answers
In carvings
278
00:15:22,965 --> 00:15:27,241
On the tomb of xerxes,
The persian king.
279
00:15:27,275 --> 00:15:28,724
Morris:
There are 30 different peoples
280
00:15:28,758 --> 00:15:30,517
Illustrated on this relief,
281
00:15:30,551 --> 00:15:33,931
Including the wealthiest nations
In the known world.
282
00:15:33,965 --> 00:15:36,275
This indicates
The vast resources
283
00:15:36,310 --> 00:15:41,103
That xerxes could call upon
When he wanted to raise an army.
284
00:15:41,137 --> 00:15:43,655
Narrator: xerxes certainly
Has the means to assemble
285
00:15:43,689 --> 00:15:46,931
A massive military force,
286
00:15:46,965 --> 00:15:51,793
But ian thinks the size of
His army is wildly exaggerated.
287
00:15:51,827 --> 00:15:54,862
How would you supply them
With water, with food,
288
00:15:54,896 --> 00:15:57,000
With necessary medicines?
289
00:15:57,034 --> 00:15:59,275
The reality of logistics
And necessity
290
00:15:59,310 --> 00:16:01,379
Means that he would've been
Marching,
291
00:16:01,413 --> 00:16:04,310
At the most, 100,000
Rather than millions.
292
00:16:04,344 --> 00:16:06,655
♪♪
293
00:16:06,689 --> 00:16:09,758
Narrator: the persian army may
Not be a million strong
294
00:16:09,793 --> 00:16:13,896
As the ancient texts claim,
295
00:16:13,931 --> 00:16:17,206
But it's still over 10 times
Larger than the greek force.
296
00:16:17,241 --> 00:16:20,413
♪♪
297
00:16:20,448 --> 00:16:23,000
It's said that before
Xerxes attacks,
298
00:16:23,034 --> 00:16:28,413
He gives the spartans
One last chance to surrender.
299
00:16:28,448 --> 00:16:31,413
Some sources tell us
That the final demand of xerxes
300
00:16:31,448 --> 00:16:34,482
Was simply that the spartans
Surrender their arms.
301
00:16:34,517 --> 00:16:38,413
Supposedly, leonidas replied,
"Come and take them."
302
00:16:38,448 --> 00:16:43,413
Narrator:
The stage is set for one of the
Most famous battles in history.
303
00:16:43,448 --> 00:16:48,275
To stand a chance, the spartans
Must not only hold their line,
304
00:16:48,310 --> 00:16:52,482
But kill thousands of persians
In the process.
305
00:16:52,517 --> 00:16:55,724
Can 300 spartans
Really take the fight
306
00:16:55,758 --> 00:16:58,482
To an enemy
Of such massive proportions?
307
00:16:58,517 --> 00:17:00,344
[ chatter ]
308
00:17:00,379 --> 00:17:03,620
What makes them the most
Effective military force
309
00:17:03,655 --> 00:17:05,896
On the planet?
310
00:17:12,689 --> 00:17:14,241
♪♪
311
00:17:14,275 --> 00:17:17,620
Narrator:
The battle of thermopylae.
312
00:17:17,655 --> 00:17:21,275
A spartan-led greek force
Of 7,000 men
313
00:17:21,310 --> 00:17:23,241
Take on what
Investigators believe
314
00:17:23,275 --> 00:17:26,275
Are 100,000 invading persians.
315
00:17:26,310 --> 00:17:29,482
♪♪
316
00:17:29,517 --> 00:17:31,724
Legend says the spartans
Fight off
317
00:17:31,758 --> 00:17:35,000
This gigantic enemy
For three days.
318
00:17:35,034 --> 00:17:36,965
Can it be true?
319
00:17:37,000 --> 00:17:38,655
When we look at the size
Of the two armies,
320
00:17:38,689 --> 00:17:40,137
We might expect the persians
321
00:17:40,172 --> 00:17:42,241
To overcome the greeks
Very quickly,
322
00:17:42,275 --> 00:17:43,931
But that's not what happened.
323
00:17:43,965 --> 00:17:46,137
Narrator:
Day one of the battle --
324
00:17:46,172 --> 00:17:50,724
The spartan front line tears
Into the persian infantry.
325
00:17:50,758 --> 00:17:53,137
They were well-drilled.
They were professional,
326
00:17:53,172 --> 00:17:55,413
And they knew
What they were expecting.
327
00:17:55,448 --> 00:17:57,724
Narrator: the narrow terrain
At thermopylae helps them
328
00:17:57,758 --> 00:18:00,620
To even the odds,
329
00:18:00,655 --> 00:18:03,896
But how do these warriors cut
Down such a formidable enemy?
330
00:18:03,931 --> 00:18:07,137
♪ ahh
331
00:18:07,172 --> 00:18:10,655
The persian army
Is a sea of light weapons --
332
00:18:10,689 --> 00:18:14,758
Bows, spears and daggers.
333
00:18:14,793 --> 00:18:18,586
The spartans are built
Like tanks.
334
00:18:18,620 --> 00:18:20,620
Beneath their bronze shields
335
00:18:20,655 --> 00:18:24,551
Is a thick layer
Of shock-absorbing wood.
336
00:18:24,586 --> 00:18:30,241
Their hand-molded bronze armor
Covers their face and body.
337
00:18:30,275 --> 00:18:34,689
Their iron swords are short,
But deadly in close combat.
338
00:18:34,724 --> 00:18:37,724
♪♪
339
00:18:37,758 --> 00:18:41,310
Their long wooden spears
With vicious double tips
340
00:18:41,344 --> 00:18:43,965
Are lethal weapons.
341
00:18:44,000 --> 00:18:48,482
Armed to the teeth,
The spartans fear no one.
342
00:18:48,517 --> 00:18:51,689
♪♪
343
00:18:51,724 --> 00:18:54,655
Ex-royal marine dr. Nic fields
344
00:18:54,689 --> 00:18:56,586
Studies the tactics
Of the soldiers
345
00:18:56,620 --> 00:18:59,379
On the spartan front line.
346
00:18:59,413 --> 00:19:03,241
He thinks their success is due
To a tight military formation,
347
00:19:03,275 --> 00:19:06,620
Where fighters close ranks
And lock shields.
348
00:19:06,655 --> 00:19:09,172
It's called the phalanx.
349
00:19:09,206 --> 00:19:13,758
[ man shouting in latin ]
350
00:19:13,793 --> 00:19:15,827
As the phalanx is formed,
351
00:19:15,862 --> 00:19:18,103
The front line
Becomes a wall of shields
352
00:19:18,137 --> 00:19:20,000
That can defend and attack.
353
00:19:20,034 --> 00:19:23,620
The shield is the phalanx,
And you can see why here --
354
00:19:23,655 --> 00:19:26,482
The overlapping,
Protecting the man
355
00:19:26,517 --> 00:19:30,620
From the bottom of his helmet
To his knee.
356
00:19:30,655 --> 00:19:35,517
The spear is used to thrust
Over the top rim,
357
00:19:35,551 --> 00:19:39,000
So it can only be used in one
Direction to jab, jab, jab, jab.
358
00:19:39,034 --> 00:19:41,793
♪♪
359
00:19:41,827 --> 00:19:44,137
Narrator: it's a formation
That relies on discipline,
360
00:19:44,172 --> 00:19:46,655
Coordination, and trust.
361
00:19:46,689 --> 00:19:49,379
Fields: the shield only covers
Half his body,
362
00:19:49,413 --> 00:19:53,034
And therefore, he has to rely
On the man standing next to him,
363
00:19:53,068 --> 00:19:56,310
To the right, to the actually
Cover the exposed side,
364
00:19:56,344 --> 00:19:57,862
And therefore, it's very
Important they actually
365
00:19:57,896 --> 00:20:00,482
Keep the formation.
366
00:20:00,517 --> 00:20:02,275
Locked into their ranks,
367
00:20:02,310 --> 00:20:05,758
The spartans form
An impenetrable barrier,
368
00:20:05,793 --> 00:20:08,620
But they don't wait
For the persians to engage.
369
00:20:08,655 --> 00:20:10,827
[ man shouting in latin ]
370
00:20:10,862 --> 00:20:14,862
The phalanx is a war machine
That can advance on the enemy.
371
00:20:14,896 --> 00:20:16,586
Fields:
From the persian point of view,
372
00:20:16,620 --> 00:20:19,103
It must have been
A, psychologically speaking,
373
00:20:19,137 --> 00:20:21,827
Quite the frightening effect,
374
00:20:21,862 --> 00:20:25,310
And all you see
Is this mass of bronze
375
00:20:25,344 --> 00:20:28,827
And spearpoints
Advancing towards you.
376
00:20:28,862 --> 00:20:33,241
It would've just simply
Rolled over the persian line,
377
00:20:33,275 --> 00:20:35,310
No contest.
378
00:20:35,344 --> 00:20:37,896
♪♪
379
00:20:37,931 --> 00:20:43,413
Narrator:
The phalanx crushes the first
Waves of persian infantry.
380
00:20:43,448 --> 00:20:46,137
Determined
To break the spartan line,
381
00:20:46,172 --> 00:20:50,000
Xerxes sends
In the immortals.
382
00:20:50,034 --> 00:20:54,034
These elite warriors are
Just as tough as the spartans,
383
00:20:54,068 --> 00:20:58,172
Armed with spears
And large shields,
384
00:20:58,206 --> 00:21:00,241
But at the moment of impact,
385
00:21:00,275 --> 00:21:04,344
The phalanx has
A final advantage.
386
00:21:04,379 --> 00:21:07,482
The spartan spear
Is nearly 3 feet longer
387
00:21:07,517 --> 00:21:09,965
Than the persian spear.
388
00:21:10,000 --> 00:21:12,034
This was a far batter weapon
389
00:21:12,068 --> 00:21:15,620
When it came to actually
Coming into close combat.
390
00:21:15,655 --> 00:21:17,482
You can see even
From that distance,
391
00:21:17,517 --> 00:21:21,241
He can have a clear shot
At our exposed face
392
00:21:21,275 --> 00:21:23,862
Of our persian warrior there.
393
00:21:23,896 --> 00:21:26,344
Nic believes the persians
Have no answer
394
00:21:26,379 --> 00:21:28,551
To the power of the phalanx.
395
00:21:28,586 --> 00:21:30,517
Xerxes would've expected
The battle to be over
396
00:21:30,551 --> 00:21:33,137
In five minutes,
But the spartans had
397
00:21:33,172 --> 00:21:36,241
The best military hardware
Available at the time.
398
00:21:36,275 --> 00:21:39,586
♪♪
399
00:21:39,620 --> 00:21:42,965
♪♪
400
00:21:43,000 --> 00:21:44,275
Narrator: in close combat,
401
00:21:44,310 --> 00:21:47,965
The persians crush against
The spartan shields
402
00:21:48,000 --> 00:21:52,517
And right into their spears.
403
00:21:52,551 --> 00:21:56,241
Even large volleys
Of persian arrows
404
00:21:56,275 --> 00:21:58,827
Can't penetrate
The spartans' tight formation.
405
00:21:58,862 --> 00:22:02,310
♪♪
406
00:22:02,344 --> 00:22:05,965
Even for xerxes'
Unstoppable force,
407
00:22:06,000 --> 00:22:08,758
The phalanx
Is an immovable object.
408
00:22:08,793 --> 00:22:12,827
♪♪
409
00:22:12,862 --> 00:22:16,068
Their superior tactics
And lethal hardware
410
00:22:16,103 --> 00:22:18,379
Give the spartan soldiers
A huge advantage
411
00:22:18,413 --> 00:22:21,448
Over their persian rivals,
412
00:22:21,482 --> 00:22:25,448
But for nic, it's warrior unity
That keeps it all together.
413
00:22:25,482 --> 00:22:29,103
Fields: the phalanx represents
This idea of a community,
414
00:22:29,137 --> 00:22:31,724
But a community
On the battlefield.
415
00:22:31,758 --> 00:22:34,000
They knew the guys either
To the left of them,
416
00:22:34,034 --> 00:22:35,275
To the right of them,
Behind them,
417
00:22:35,310 --> 00:22:36,931
And in front of them.
418
00:22:36,965 --> 00:22:40,551
That was the strength
Of the spartans.
419
00:22:40,586 --> 00:22:46,206
Narrator:
The spartans are brutally
Efficient fighting machines.
420
00:22:46,241 --> 00:22:48,103
At the end of the first day,
421
00:22:48,137 --> 00:22:53,172
Their determination to fight on
Is as strong as ever.
422
00:22:53,206 --> 00:22:56,310
What gives these men
Such a brutal killing instinct
423
00:22:56,344 --> 00:22:58,482
In the face of endless assault?
424
00:22:58,517 --> 00:23:00,586
♪♪
425
00:23:00,620 --> 00:23:04,068
Incredible evidence from
The lost city of sparta
426
00:23:04,103 --> 00:23:09,172
Reveals a remarkable warrior
Society like nothing ever seen.
427
00:23:09,206 --> 00:23:12,068
♪♪
428
00:23:13,482 --> 00:23:18,241
♪♪
429
00:23:18,275 --> 00:23:22,862
Narrator: day two of the battle
Of thermopylae --
430
00:23:22,896 --> 00:23:26,103
Once again, the spartans
Use their superior weapons
431
00:23:26,137 --> 00:23:30,793
And tactics to slaughter wave
After wave of persian infantry.
432
00:23:30,827 --> 00:23:33,034
♪♪
433
00:23:33,068 --> 00:23:36,206
What makes these men
Unstoppable killing machines?
434
00:23:36,241 --> 00:23:38,310
♪♪
435
00:23:38,344 --> 00:23:41,896
A clue lies over 200 miles away.
436
00:23:41,931 --> 00:23:45,965
This is sparta,
The birthplace of the 300.
437
00:23:46,000 --> 00:23:49,206
Archaeologist maria tsouli
Is on a quest to find out
438
00:23:49,241 --> 00:23:54,724
What life is like in 480 b.C.
439
00:23:54,758 --> 00:23:57,448
She uncovers a city
That was once the most powerful
440
00:23:57,482 --> 00:23:59,482
In all of greece.
441
00:23:59,517 --> 00:24:01,137
♪♪
442
00:24:05,655 --> 00:24:10,275
♪♪
443
00:24:10,310 --> 00:24:13,620
At the time of leonidas,
444
00:24:13,655 --> 00:24:17,758
Spartan has temples,
Monuments,
445
00:24:17,793 --> 00:24:20,448
And a market square
At its heart,
446
00:24:20,482 --> 00:24:22,896
Just like other greek cities,
447
00:24:22,931 --> 00:24:26,517
But that's where
The similarities end.
448
00:24:26,551 --> 00:24:28,793
Scattered around the center
449
00:24:28,827 --> 00:24:32,241
Are the modest dwellings
Of the spartans.
450
00:24:32,275 --> 00:24:35,206
Sparta is no
Gleaming metropolis
451
00:24:35,241 --> 00:24:40,655
But a patchwork of basic brick
Houses and military barracks,
452
00:24:40,689 --> 00:24:44,620
And unlike other greek cities,
It has no wall around it,
453
00:24:44,655 --> 00:24:47,206
Only farmland.
454
00:24:47,241 --> 00:24:49,965
Sparta doesn't need walls.
455
00:24:50,000 --> 00:24:54,137
It has warriors.
456
00:24:54,172 --> 00:24:57,000
Maria investigates how
Such a simple city
457
00:24:57,034 --> 00:25:02,965
Can produce fighting machines
Like leonidas and his men.
458
00:25:03,000 --> 00:25:06,896
She explores a temple
In the heart of the city.
459
00:25:06,931 --> 00:25:10,241
Ancient authors describe
How at this altar,
460
00:25:10,275 --> 00:25:15,034
Young spartans have to endure
A horrifying initiation rite.
461
00:25:29,586 --> 00:25:32,517
♪♪
462
00:25:32,551 --> 00:25:36,344
Do these barbaric scenes
Really happen?
463
00:25:36,379 --> 00:25:38,172
First, maria checks for evidence
464
00:25:38,206 --> 00:25:42,379
That the altar dates
To the time of the spartans.
465
00:25:42,413 --> 00:25:47,137
Mortar on the smaller stones
Suggest they're not old enough,
466
00:25:47,172 --> 00:25:48,689
But at the base
Of the structure,
467
00:25:48,724 --> 00:25:52,000
She finds traces
Of spartan construction.
468
00:26:02,172 --> 00:26:05,793
♪♪
469
00:26:05,827 --> 00:26:10,103
At the edge of the temple,
Maria finds more proof --
470
00:26:10,137 --> 00:26:11,827
Foundations of a huge structure
471
00:26:11,862 --> 00:26:14,275
That appears
To surround the altar.
472
00:26:27,275 --> 00:26:29,310
♪♪
473
00:26:29,344 --> 00:26:31,620
Maria thinks the presence
Of the amphitheater
474
00:26:31,655 --> 00:26:33,724
Confirms the ancient stories.
475
00:26:48,620 --> 00:26:51,310
♪♪
476
00:26:51,344 --> 00:26:55,862
The whipping ritual is more than
Just a sadistic spectacle.
477
00:26:55,896 --> 00:26:58,241
Maria believes it prepares
Young spartans
478
00:26:58,275 --> 00:26:59,965
For life as warriors.
479
00:27:11,344 --> 00:27:15,068
♪♪
480
00:27:15,103 --> 00:27:17,724
A brutal military regime
481
00:27:17,758 --> 00:27:20,655
Emerges from the ruins
Of this lost city.
482
00:27:20,689 --> 00:27:23,379
♪♪
483
00:27:23,413 --> 00:27:27,551
From birth, spartans
Are bred for hardship.
484
00:27:27,586 --> 00:27:30,655
Mothers bathe their
Newborn sons in wine,
485
00:27:30,689 --> 00:27:32,620
Believing it
Will make them tougher.
486
00:27:32,655 --> 00:27:34,827
♪♪
487
00:27:34,862 --> 00:27:36,310
[ dog barking ]
488
00:27:36,344 --> 00:27:39,551
At the age of 7,
Boys must leave home
489
00:27:39,586 --> 00:27:42,034
And start their brutal
Military training.
490
00:27:42,068 --> 00:27:45,758
[ men shouting ]
491
00:27:45,793 --> 00:27:49,758
Deliberately starved
And exposed to the elements,
492
00:27:49,793 --> 00:27:53,862
They learn to outwit
And outlast opponents in battle.
493
00:27:53,896 --> 00:27:57,689
♪♪
494
00:27:57,724 --> 00:27:59,689
By the age of 20,
495
00:27:59,724 --> 00:28:03,551
They're lean-and-mean
Fighting machines,
496
00:28:03,586 --> 00:28:05,827
Ready to join the army
Of sparta.
497
00:28:05,862 --> 00:28:08,517
♪♪
498
00:28:08,551 --> 00:28:10,931
Warriors rule sparta.
499
00:28:10,965 --> 00:28:15,206
It's a city feared
Throughout ancient greece.
500
00:28:15,241 --> 00:28:17,034
For leonidas and his men,
501
00:28:17,068 --> 00:28:19,586
A life devoted
To military training
502
00:28:19,620 --> 00:28:23,310
Builds up to one moment
At thermopylae.
503
00:28:23,344 --> 00:28:26,758
Here, 300 spartans
Hold their line
504
00:28:26,793 --> 00:28:32,103
And stand strong against
The mighty persians,
505
00:28:32,137 --> 00:28:34,482
But on the evening
Of the second day,
506
00:28:34,517 --> 00:28:37,827
The persian king xerxes
Discovers a fatal flaw
507
00:28:37,862 --> 00:28:41,448
In the spartan battle plan.
508
00:28:41,482 --> 00:28:45,896
How do the persians finally
Break the spartan line,
509
00:28:45,931 --> 00:28:48,413
And how do leonidas
And his men respond
510
00:28:48,448 --> 00:28:50,620
When facing certain death?
511
00:28:57,482 --> 00:28:58,965
♪♪
512
00:28:59,000 --> 00:29:03,931
Narrator: dawn on day three
At the battle of thermopylae --
513
00:29:03,965 --> 00:29:06,517
For two days,
Leonidas and his men
514
00:29:06,551 --> 00:29:10,965
Have fought heroically
Against impossible odds.
515
00:29:11,000 --> 00:29:12,793
Now, they gear up once more
516
00:29:12,827 --> 00:29:18,137
To cut down
A new persian offensive,
517
00:29:18,172 --> 00:29:21,103
But an incredible discovery
From the battlefield itself
518
00:29:21,137 --> 00:29:24,862
Could reveal how the persians
Finally defeat the spartans.
519
00:29:24,896 --> 00:29:28,068
♪♪
520
00:29:28,103 --> 00:29:29,517
At the narrow pass,
521
00:29:29,551 --> 00:29:34,137
The spartans hold strong
Against the persians,
522
00:29:34,172 --> 00:29:37,068
But there's a clue that they
Abandon their safe position.
523
00:29:37,103 --> 00:29:40,655
♪♪
524
00:29:40,689 --> 00:29:44,172
One mile to the south is a hill
525
00:29:44,206 --> 00:29:47,758
Where archaeologists discover
Scores of persian arrowheads.
526
00:29:47,793 --> 00:29:51,172
♪♪
527
00:29:51,206 --> 00:29:56,103
The iron is corroded,
But they are lethal weapons
528
00:29:56,137 --> 00:30:01,724
Designed to inflict
Brutal injury.
529
00:30:01,758 --> 00:30:06,172
They're evidence of a massive
Aerial barrage.
530
00:30:06,206 --> 00:30:09,206
Are these the missiles that end
The battle of thermopylae?
531
00:30:09,241 --> 00:30:12,655
♪♪
532
00:30:12,689 --> 00:30:16,137
♪♪
533
00:30:16,172 --> 00:30:19,275
Ian macgregor morris thinks
The arrowheads could reveal
534
00:30:19,310 --> 00:30:24,482
What happens in the final
Moments of the battle.
535
00:30:24,517 --> 00:30:27,137
He's come to athens,
Where the ancient finds
536
00:30:27,172 --> 00:30:30,551
Are kept in
Controlled conditions.
537
00:30:30,586 --> 00:30:32,793
Morris: these arrowheads are
The most significant piece
538
00:30:32,827 --> 00:30:34,620
Of tangible evidence
We really have
539
00:30:34,655 --> 00:30:36,758
About what took place there.
540
00:30:36,793 --> 00:30:38,827
We see the three-winged
Arrowhead,
541
00:30:38,862 --> 00:30:41,413
Which is probably the most
Commonly used form of arrowhead
542
00:30:41,448 --> 00:30:43,655
In the persian army.
543
00:30:43,689 --> 00:30:46,034
The very location these were
Discovered,
544
00:30:46,068 --> 00:30:49,103
It was perfectly possible
That it was weapons like these,
545
00:30:49,137 --> 00:30:50,793
Maybe even some of these
Weapons,
546
00:30:50,827 --> 00:30:53,758
That killed the last
Of the spartans
547
00:30:53,793 --> 00:30:56,310
Pretty much as the sources
Describes it.
548
00:30:56,344 --> 00:31:00,137
♪♪
549
00:31:00,172 --> 00:31:04,413
Narrator: the arrowheads seem to
Confirm how the spartans died,
550
00:31:04,448 --> 00:31:08,275
But they don't reveal
Why they die here.
551
00:31:08,310 --> 00:31:09,689
According to legend,
552
00:31:09,724 --> 00:31:13,310
The persians are handed
A tactical breakthrough.
553
00:31:13,344 --> 00:31:15,931
Morris: the ancient sources tell
Us of the key turning moment
554
00:31:15,965 --> 00:31:18,068
In the battle
When a lone traitor
555
00:31:18,103 --> 00:31:20,310
Offers to guide xerxes
Through the mountains
556
00:31:20,344 --> 00:31:23,896
In return for gold.
557
00:31:23,931 --> 00:31:25,827
Narrator:
If the stories are accurate,
558
00:31:25,862 --> 00:31:30,896
Persian troops outflank
The spartan position overnight.
559
00:31:30,931 --> 00:31:34,000
Does a traitor guide thousands
Of heavily armed troops
560
00:31:34,034 --> 00:31:36,103
Across nine miles of mountains,
561
00:31:36,137 --> 00:31:40,206
Forcing the spartans to retreat?
562
00:31:40,241 --> 00:31:45,310
Is this really how the fighting
Comes to an end?
563
00:31:45,344 --> 00:31:50,172
To figure out, ian hikes up
Into the kallidromo mountains.
564
00:31:50,206 --> 00:31:54,103
He uses gps data to investigate.
565
00:31:54,137 --> 00:31:56,103
Morris: each of these points
Is a marker.
566
00:31:56,137 --> 00:31:57,724
By tracking these parts,
567
00:31:57,758 --> 00:31:59,413
It's possible
To determine routes
568
00:31:59,448 --> 00:32:03,206
That the persians
Might've taken.
569
00:32:03,241 --> 00:32:07,241
Narrator: near the summit,
He finds an old cattle trail,
570
00:32:07,275 --> 00:32:10,586
A route he thinks
The persians could've taken.
571
00:32:10,620 --> 00:32:15,034
The path probably started here,
Ascending this slope,
572
00:32:15,068 --> 00:32:19,000
Skirting the southern slopes
Of the summit of the mountain
573
00:32:19,034 --> 00:32:22,275
And emerging here behind
The greek forces in the pass.
574
00:32:22,310 --> 00:32:27,586
♪♪
575
00:32:27,620 --> 00:32:31,965
Narrator: the spartan phalanx
Is finally outflanked.
576
00:32:32,000 --> 00:32:33,655
Facing certain death,
577
00:32:33,689 --> 00:32:36,586
Leonidas orders
Almost all the allied troops
578
00:32:36,620 --> 00:32:38,965
To retreat to safety.
579
00:32:39,000 --> 00:32:41,517
But he and his spartans join
The remaining allies
580
00:32:41,551 --> 00:32:46,000
To stay and fight,
581
00:32:46,034 --> 00:32:50,034
Choosing this hill
For their last stand.
582
00:32:50,068 --> 00:32:52,724
Morris:
Leonidas' decision to stay here
583
00:32:52,758 --> 00:32:56,482
Is the moment in history
That he is being judged a hero.
584
00:32:56,517 --> 00:32:59,586
He does not want others
To fall needlessly with him.
585
00:32:59,620 --> 00:33:00,862
The spartans have no choice.
586
00:33:00,896 --> 00:33:04,724
If their king stays,
They stay also.
587
00:33:04,758 --> 00:33:07,137
Narrator:
But there's a final question --
588
00:33:07,172 --> 00:33:09,758
How do the persian arrows
Finally break through
589
00:33:09,793 --> 00:33:13,241
The spartan defenses?
590
00:33:13,275 --> 00:33:16,103
Dr. Nic fields works
With archery specialist
591
00:33:16,137 --> 00:33:20,413
Chris varigmarin to
Investigate what happens next.
592
00:33:20,448 --> 00:33:21,896
Fields: so what would've
Finished them off
593
00:33:21,931 --> 00:33:24,379
In those final minutes
Of the battle?
594
00:33:39,551 --> 00:33:41,896
To test the power
Of the persian arrows,
595
00:33:41,931 --> 00:33:45,862
Chris takes aim at a wooden
Replica of a spartan shield.
596
00:33:45,896 --> 00:33:47,862
The shield is their last line
Of defense
597
00:33:47,896 --> 00:33:50,758
Against thousands of archers.
598
00:33:50,793 --> 00:33:53,931
Wow.
That's a good shot.
599
00:33:53,965 --> 00:33:57,206
From 50 feet,
The light arrow is deadly.
600
00:33:57,241 --> 00:34:01,620
Originally, this shield had
A very thin layer of bronze
601
00:34:01,655 --> 00:34:03,482
On its face, but, wow.
602
00:34:03,517 --> 00:34:07,655
That's definitely
Gone through.
603
00:34:07,689 --> 00:34:11,655
At the last stand, the spartan
Defenses are finally overcome.
604
00:34:24,103 --> 00:34:25,482
♪♪
605
00:34:25,517 --> 00:34:27,344
In a hail of arrows,
606
00:34:27,379 --> 00:34:31,448
3 days of brutal warfare
Comes to a bloody end,
607
00:34:31,482 --> 00:34:36,310
Finally handing persian victory
To king xerxes.
608
00:34:36,344 --> 00:34:37,931
All the evidence suggests
609
00:34:37,965 --> 00:34:40,034
That the battle stories
Of the spartans
610
00:34:40,068 --> 00:34:44,517
Are based on incredible
Real events at thermopylae.
611
00:34:44,551 --> 00:34:46,655
The accounts given by
The ancient sources
612
00:34:46,689 --> 00:34:50,344
Are remarkable accurate.
613
00:34:50,379 --> 00:34:55,103
The legends reveal that after
Slaying all the spartans,
614
00:34:55,137 --> 00:34:58,379
The persians display
The severed head of leonidas
615
00:34:58,413 --> 00:35:02,793
To mark their triumph.
616
00:35:02,827 --> 00:35:05,448
With the spartan king
Vanquished,
617
00:35:05,482 --> 00:35:08,827
Xerxes can now unleash
The full might of his army.
618
00:35:08,862 --> 00:35:13,758
♪♪
619
00:35:13,793 --> 00:35:16,586
He pushes past thermopylae,
620
00:35:16,620 --> 00:35:18,551
Ravaging the greek cities
In his path.
621
00:35:18,586 --> 00:35:23,896
♪♪
622
00:35:23,931 --> 00:35:26,241
When he finally reaches athens,
623
00:35:26,275 --> 00:35:29,275
He finds it deserted
624
00:35:29,310 --> 00:35:31,724
And burns it to the ground.
625
00:35:31,758 --> 00:35:35,034
♪♪
626
00:35:35,068 --> 00:35:38,344
♪♪
627
00:35:38,379 --> 00:35:41,620
As xerxes' invasion continues,
628
00:35:41,655 --> 00:35:46,758
The conquest of greece
Looks inevitable.
629
00:35:46,793 --> 00:35:48,896
So is the last stand
Of the spartans
630
00:35:48,931 --> 00:35:53,000
Just a needless display
Of courage?
631
00:35:53,034 --> 00:35:55,310
Some believe that
The spartan sacrifice
632
00:35:55,344 --> 00:35:59,413
Is more than
Just a heroic death.
633
00:35:59,448 --> 00:36:02,137
Does the courage of the 300
At thermopylae
634
00:36:02,172 --> 00:36:04,965
Help the greeks win the war
635
00:36:05,000 --> 00:36:08,724
And turn the spartans
Into legends?
636
00:36:15,448 --> 00:36:17,655
♪♪
637
00:36:17,689 --> 00:36:20,827
Narrator: over three days
At thermopylae,
638
00:36:20,862 --> 00:36:24,379
300 fearless spartans
And their greek allies
639
00:36:24,413 --> 00:36:28,103
Fight and die at the hands
Of a huge persian army.
640
00:36:28,137 --> 00:36:29,862
♪♪
641
00:36:29,896 --> 00:36:32,068
The spartan decision
To go down fighting
642
00:36:32,103 --> 00:36:36,586
Looks like a futile gesture,
643
00:36:36,620 --> 00:36:41,034
But does their sacrifice
Help the greeks win the war?
644
00:36:41,068 --> 00:36:44,724
A clue could lie here
Off salamis,
645
00:36:44,758 --> 00:36:49,344
An island that guards
The waters surrounding athens.
646
00:36:49,379 --> 00:36:51,586
Marine archaeologist
Yannis lolos
647
00:36:51,620 --> 00:36:54,206
Investigates mysterious
Submerged ruins
648
00:36:54,241 --> 00:36:57,482
At ampelakia bay.
649
00:36:57,517 --> 00:37:01,275
In the weeks after thermopylae,
Persian naval reinforcements
650
00:37:01,310 --> 00:37:05,931
Clash here
With an allied greek fleet.
651
00:37:05,965 --> 00:37:09,344
It's a vicious sea battle that
Decides the outcome of the war.
652
00:37:15,620 --> 00:37:17,862
Yannis thinks
The sunken remains here
653
00:37:17,896 --> 00:37:22,310
Can reveal how the allies
Gain the advantage.
654
00:37:22,344 --> 00:37:25,034
He uses drone technology
To help him identify
655
00:37:25,068 --> 00:37:27,206
The strange structures.
656
00:37:30,068 --> 00:37:33,241
♪♪
657
00:37:33,275 --> 00:37:35,586
The foundations of large
Square buildings
658
00:37:35,620 --> 00:37:38,517
Stretch out into the water.
659
00:37:38,551 --> 00:37:42,379
Further into the bay, a circle
Of stones comes into view.
660
00:37:54,275 --> 00:37:55,896
Yannis
Thinks the ruins here
661
00:37:55,931 --> 00:37:58,724
Are part of a huge
Defensive structure.
662
00:38:09,965 --> 00:38:12,517
♪♪
663
00:38:12,551 --> 00:38:17,000
This bay is ancient greek
Naval station.
664
00:38:17,034 --> 00:38:20,172
Pottery fragments on the beach
Suggest an earlier harbor
665
00:38:20,206 --> 00:38:23,620
Is operational at the time
Of the invasion.
666
00:38:42,724 --> 00:38:44,827
♪♪
667
00:38:44,862 --> 00:38:48,344
Yannis thinks this natural
Harbor conceals the greek fleet
668
00:38:48,379 --> 00:38:53,103
As the persians arrive.
669
00:38:53,137 --> 00:38:56,413
He travels to higher ground
To get a defender's view.
670
00:39:14,724 --> 00:39:16,862
♪♪
671
00:39:16,896 --> 00:39:21,103
The hills around the harbor
Block their view of the bay.
672
00:39:21,137 --> 00:39:24,241
The persians
Sail into the channel
673
00:39:24,275 --> 00:39:28,344
Unaware the greeks are waiting.
674
00:39:28,379 --> 00:39:31,586
Using the same tactics
As the spartans at thermopylae,
675
00:39:31,620 --> 00:39:35,827
Greek naval commanders
Bottleneck the persians.
676
00:39:35,862 --> 00:39:38,793
Skilled greek marines
Ram the persian ships
677
00:39:38,827 --> 00:39:43,586
And destroy their enemies
In vicious hand-to-hand combat.
678
00:39:43,620 --> 00:39:45,517
Xerxes is defeated,
679
00:39:45,551 --> 00:39:49,862
And the persians retreat
Back home,
680
00:39:49,896 --> 00:39:52,206
But yannis believes
Ultimate greek victory
681
00:39:52,241 --> 00:39:56,275
Owes more to the 300 spartans
Than just their tactics.
682
00:40:09,689 --> 00:40:12,517
The heroic spartans
Sacrifice their lives
683
00:40:12,551 --> 00:40:14,965
To buy greece valuable time.
684
00:40:18,689 --> 00:40:20,310
♪♪
685
00:40:20,344 --> 00:40:25,448
At the heart of the battle
Of thermopylae is a true story,
686
00:40:25,482 --> 00:40:30,103
One of courage and unity in
The face of overwhelming odds.
687
00:40:30,137 --> 00:40:32,620
The ancient sources
Were not writing myth.
688
00:40:32,655 --> 00:40:34,551
They were writing history.
689
00:40:34,586 --> 00:40:37,206
Narrator: the sacrifice
Of the 300 spartans
690
00:40:37,241 --> 00:40:41,758
Helps the greeks win an epic war
With persia
691
00:40:41,793 --> 00:40:44,103
And allows them to
Carry on experimenting
692
00:40:44,137 --> 00:40:48,965
With a strange new idea --
Democracy.
693
00:40:49,000 --> 00:40:51,137
The battle of thermopylae
Has often been seen
694
00:40:51,172 --> 00:40:53,862
As a turning point
In western civilization.
695
00:40:53,896 --> 00:40:56,448
♪♪
696
00:40:56,482 --> 00:40:59,896
The spartans hold off
An entire persian army
697
00:40:59,931 --> 00:41:05,379
In a battle that has its roots
In a city unlike any other
698
00:41:05,413 --> 00:41:09,034
And a mysterious temple
In the mountains.
699
00:41:09,068 --> 00:41:12,206
They fall in a rain of arrows,
700
00:41:12,241 --> 00:41:15,241
But their glorious defeat
On the shores of greece
701
00:41:15,275 --> 00:41:18,551
Lives on in legend.
702
00:41:18,586 --> 00:41:22,310
The spartans are true heroes
Of the ancient world.
703
00:41:22,344 --> 00:41:27,620
♪♪
704
00:41:27,655 --> 00:41:32,931
♪♪
705
00:41:32,965 --> 00:41:38,206
♪♪
706
00:41:38,241 --> 00:41:43,482
♪♪
707
00:41:43,517 --> 00:41:48,793
♪♪
708
00:41:48,827 --> 00:41:54,103
♪♪
54600
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