All language subtitles for Unearthed.(2016).S05E05.Pompeiis.Evil.Twin.1080p.AMZN.WEB-DL.DD+2.0.H.264-Cinefeel_track3_[eng]

Narrator:
The roman town of baiae:
A sprawling settlement

Lost beneath the waves
For more than 1,000 years,

And underwater pompeii.

Renowned among ancient writers
As a playground

For rome's rich
And famous,

Today, archaeologists
Sweep the seafloor

In search of its
Submerged secrets.

Is there more to this
Mysterious town

Than its reputation suggests?

For the romans,
Baiae was las vegas,

The ultimate pleasure city.

Narrator:
Now, pioneering underwater
Scanning technology

Is bringing the dark history
Of this submerged underworld

Back to life,

Lifting the curtain
On rome's rich and infamous,

Shining new light on how
They really lived and died.

This is the place where
Rome really became empire.

Narrator:
Could this sunken city

Transform our understanding
Of ancient rome?

To solve this mystery, we'll
Dredge this drowned metropolis.

We'll dive into the bay's
Opulent villas

And between its buried streets

To unearth
The astonishing secrets

Of this
Lost ancient wonder.

--captions by vitac--
Www.Vitac.Com

Captions paid for by
Discovery communications

Thirty miles along the coast
From pompeii

Lies one of the most remarkable
Ancient sites in the world:

Baiae.

This mysterious sunken town
Sits beneath the bay of naples.

It escapes the eruption

That destroys its famous
Neighbor in 79 ad,

But like pompeii,
It remains frozen in time.

Some of baiae's ruins still hug
The coastline,

But they're just the tip
Of an archaeological iceberg.

Narrator:
Just a small portion of baiae's
Ruins remain visible.

Private theaters
And thermal bathhouses

Descend to the modern shoreline,

But the real wonder of baiae
Is hidden from view.

Beneath the water, a mass
Of roman buildings

Sprawl across the seafloor,

Covering an area three times
The size of pompeii,

Houses and courtyards
Drowned hundreds of years ago.

Why is this town lying at
The bottom of the sea?

What secrets does it hold
About the roman way of life?

Archaeologist barbara davidde
Has spent more than a decade

Diving this drown ghost town.

She's trying to uncover
Baiae's forgotten history

And explore how it ends up
Beneath the waves.

Her team's goal is to map,

Measure, and log every
Ancient item they find here.

[ boat motor hums ]

It's a mammoth task.

[ boat creaks ]

As soon as they descend,

A mysterious ruin emerges
From the gloom.

This is the surface
Of a roman road.

It's cobbled, just like
The streets of pompeii.

The path leads to the remains
Of a vast mansion.

Brushing away the sand
Reveals exquisite mosaics.

Thousands of tiles
Make up each one,

A drowned vision
Of roman extravagance.

Barbara's team uses
Underwater 3-d laser scanning

To create
A high-resolution snapshot

Of this mysterious roman town.

The sand reveals
A rich marble floor.

Its colors are still vibrant
After 2,000 years.

The sheer scale of baiae's
Luxury sets it apart

From nearby pompeii.

Why are so many extravagant
Villas sitting on the seabed?

A clue lies in the structures
That remain above the waterline.

[ rumbling ]

Pressed up against
The cliff face,

A labyrinth of small rooms looks
Out over the drowned villas.

Hidden deep in the ruins,

Archaeologists discover
A roman floor

Suspended 20 inches off the
Ground by terra-cotta pillars,

Evidence of an underfloor
Heating system

Called a hypocaust.

Beside the pillars, a tunnel
Plunges into the hillside.

Many more passages
Chase alongside

From other rooms and buildings.

Why do baiae's inhabitants
Dig these tunnels?

What is lurking deep
Beneath this town?

Geologist guido giordano
Believes the answer

Could explain why
Baiae sinks beneath the waves.

Today, he investigates
One tunnel.

Giordano:
It's quite a squeeze.

Narrator: six hundred feet
Into the mountain,

Guido hits a dead end,
An underground river.

There's lots of salt here,
White minerals.

I got a thermometer here.
Wow.

That's 88 degrees,
And that's way higher

Than the average temperature
Out there.

Narrator:
The romans dig these tunnels
To carry heat

From the underground river
To the town above.

Giordano:
I can feel it.

Each one leads back
To a luxury bathhouse.

Guido thinks the source
Of baiae's hot water

Is the bay's fiery geology.

Twenty miles to the east
Is vesuvius.

When it erupts in 79 ad,
It engulfs pompeii.

Guido believes an even
Bigger volcano heats baiae

And could be the cause
Of its destruction.

The bay of baiae
Is one volcanic crater

Out of many that form
The entire landscape.

They all sit on
A giant supervolcano:

The campi flegrei supervolcano.

Narrator:
Campi flegrei is a supervolcano
On the scale of yellowstone.

It's one of the largest
Volcanoes on the planet.

Italy straddles the boundary

Between two colliding
Tectonic plates:

Africa and eurasia.

As it dives beneath eurasia,
The rock on the african plate

Melts into magma that rises
To fill cracks in the crust.

Magma pools in chambers
Below the surface.

Above them are italy's
Famous volcanoes, etna,

Stromboli, vesuvius,
And below baiae,

The magma of campi flegrei
Heats water within the crust,

Dissolving minerals and gases
For the roman baths.

But guido think this vast
Magma chamber

Has more sinister effects,

Which could explain baiae's
Descent beneath the waves.

He searches the bay's
Coastline for evidence.

That volcanic cone over there is
Called monte nuovo,

Which means new mountain
Because it appeared over

The course of just 1 week
Between the 29th of september

And the 6th of october
Of the year 1538.

There are historical accounts
That tell us that

In the years
Preceding the eruption,

The grounds uplifted up
To about 50 feet,

And then after the eruption,
It relaxed.

Narrator:
Guido believes this ground
Movement is what drowns baiae.

Three miles along the coast
Is the town of pozzuoli.

Here, seismic upheavals
Are not just ancient phenomena.

They're still having an effect.

The old harbor is still in use
In the early 1980s,

But then over the course of
Just a few months,

Volcanic magma forces up
The land by more than 6 feet.

The people of pozzuoli
Have to rebuild their harbor.

Here, the land has risen up as
The magma pushes from beneath,

But the opposite
Has happened in baiae,

Where the grass has sunk,

Taking all the luxury villas
Down into the mediterranean.

Narrator:
A stirring supervolcano slowly
Drags baiae beneath the waves,

But it also gives birth
To a roman spa town,

Brimming with
Giant heated villas!

Who lives here, and what part do
They play in the rise of rome?

Narrator:
The roman town of baiae:
A labyrinth of villas

Drowned by a supervolcano.

Who lives in these lavish
Mansions?

Specialist underwater
Archaeologist barbara davidde is

On a mission to find out.

Her first step is to map out

And identify each structure
On the seabed.

That's a colossal challenge.

The footprint of one villas
Covers some 21,000 square feet.

This mansion is built around
A giant courtyard

More than 300 feet in length,

Almost the size
Of a soccer field.

In its prime, this is the inner
Sanctum of a luxurious home

With monumental hallways
Bordering lavish gardens,

All fed by an elaborate
Freshwater system.

Lead pipes snake
Across the area.

In the southern corner,

Archaeologists discover
A piece of lead pipe

With a curious marking,
"L pisonis," a name.

Is this a tradesman's signature

Or the stamp
Of the villa's owner?

Archaeologist ferdinando de
Simone investigates.

He believes this mansion belongs
To a wealthy aristocratic,

A man called
Gaius calpurnius piso.

De simone: piso was one of
The most powerful people

In the roman world,

Very prominent
In the roman society.

Narrator:
Piso is a shadowy figure.

Accounts from the time say
He has a luxury villa in baiae.

They also reveal he's
The ringleader of a conspiracy

To assassinate
The emperor, nero.

Nero was always a wild card,

And the people start
Portraying him as a madman,

As a person who could really
Threaten the entire empire.

Narrator:
The plan is to lure nero

To piso's
Seaside villa in baiae.

Here, the conspirators intend
To murder the emperor in secret,

But the plot goes
Dramatically wrong.

So unfortunately for piso,
Nero found out,

And his reaction
Was the reaction

You would expect
From an emperor.

He basically forced him
To commit suicide.

Narrator:
This underwater mansion
Appears to be piso's villa.

If it is, it's not the only
Structure with a dark history.

Baiae is the stage
Where roman emperors

Indulge their worst excesses.

The emperor caligula is said
To have lined up

Hundreds of ships in baiae.

He rides his horse
Across the bay

In an arrogant display of power.

The next emperor, claudius,
Dies by poison,

A fate organized by his wife,

Agrippina, plotting
From her villa at baiae.

She's murdered by his successor,
Her son, nero...

Aah!

Narrator: ...Who sends her
Across the bay from baiae

In a boat rigged to sink.

Agrippina
Escapes and swims to shore,

Only to be stabbed to death
By nero's guards

In her own
Luxury courtyard.

Ferdinando
Believes that baiae is more

Than just a sumptuous resort.

This coastal town is
At the heart of roman power.

De simone: when we think about
Roman politics,

We generally picture
In our mind roman senators

In the forum
Discussing things publicly,

But actually, the majority
Of the decisions

Were taken much before behind
Curtains in private spaces.

Narrator: baiae is full of
Secluded spaces,

Where dark deals are done
In shady corners.

De simone:
This is a private theater.

There are the stalls,
The private boxes,

And you can imagine it populated
By senators doing politics.

You can imagine them
Gathering little groups,

Whispering, plotting
About what to do next,

And this is basically
The role that baiae played.

Narrator:
Archaeologist barbara davidde
Believes

That the underwater ruins
Back up this theory.

Almost no public buildings
Have been found at baiae.

That's because the public
Does not belong here.

Baiae offers a unique glimpse
Into a lost world.

This magnificent town
Is an emperor's playground.

It reveals how the most
Powerful people

In the ancient world live
And die behind closed doors.

How do they transform this town

Into the empire's
Most exclusive resort?

What is life like inside
This roman atlantis?

Narrator: the drowned
Roman villas of baiae

Are slowly revealing
Their secrets.

Underwater archaeologists
Are uncovering a roman sin city,

A place of conspiracy,
Collusion, and murder.

For archaeologist
Barbara davidde,

This drowned vegas
Is a unique opportunity.

It's a chance to pull back
The curtain

On some of the most powerful
People who ever lived.

Her team uncovers a town
Of astonishing beauty.

They painstakingly clean away
Layers of sediment

To expose
Exquisite mosaic floors.

One mosaic shows a pair
Of ancient wrestlers

Locked in combat,
But brushing away the silt

Reveals the most
Magnificent mosaic of all.

This is an intricate web
Of jet-black shields

Right at the heart
Of a gigantic lost villa.

[ explosive rumbles ]

More than 10,000
Black-and-white tiles

Make up
This dazzling mosaic floor.

Its symmetry and precision

Are the work
Of the finest craftsmen.

Beyond, the villa's hallways
Are lined with small,

Intimate rooms --

The quarters of prostitutes
Ready to serve

The owner's guests,

And nearby, the pillar stacks
Of a suspended hypocaust floor

Are the hallmark
Of a luxurious private sauna.

This decadent villa is
The finest that money can buy.

Why is baiae's wealth off
The scale?

Barbara uses the laser system

To scan
The precious patterned mosaic.

The technology allows her
To analyze its construction

Without disturbing it.

The 3-d model captures
Every individual tile

In minute detail.

Barbara sends loose
Or broken tiles

To mineralogist
Mauro francesco la russa.

He thinks the secret
To baiae's wealth

Lies hidden in the fabric
Of its buildings.

The crystal structure
Of one sample reveals

That it comes
From northern italy.

[ speaking italian ]

The pure-white marble of carrara
Has been used for centuries

To build italy's
Most famous monuments,

But the tiles
From baiae's mosaics

Comes from all over the empire.

[ speaking italian ]

The villa's owners ship precious
Foreign stone into baiae.

They spare no expense
In decorating these mansions.

Baiae's enviable location
On the coast

Helps fuel
Their insatiable greed.

Two thousand years ago,

The roman empire
Is still growing.

Its rulers bring back
Countless works of art.

They fill their villas in baiae

With opulent displays of artwork
And greek sculptures.

♪♪

Wine pours in from as far east
As syria

And as far west as spain,

Served in the dining rooms
Of the powerful.

Slaves and exotic animals
Are brought from overseas

To entertain
In gladiatorial combat.

Baiae's residents
Fill their homes

With every luxury imaginable,

But they also
Build them to last.

Mauro believes these ruins
Survive 1,000 years underwater

Because the builders
Use super strength materials:

Concrete and mortars unique
To the bay of naples.

[ speaking italian ]

Mauro discovers the secret
Of the materials' strength

Using a high-power
Electron microscope.

The volcanic rock creates an
Incredibly durable material

When mixed with lime.

[ speaking italian ]

Mortar and concrete
From baiae aren't just strong.

They even harden underwater.

Archaeologist ferdinando
De simone believes

This local wonder material
Doesn't just build baiae.

It also transforms the empire.

Rome ships volcanic ash from
Baiae across the mediterranean

To construct concrete
Ports overseas.

In return, wealth floods
Back into this town.

De simone:
This is the place where they
Really nurtured

How to become an empire.

Narrator:
But baiae's elegant villas

Are not the only underwater
Ruins in the bay of naples.

Just along the coast lies
An enormous concrete labyrinth.

These ruins are vast and rugged.

What are they doing here?

Is there another side
To this city in the sea?

Narrator:
One hundred and fifty miles
Southeast of rome,

Archaeologists are uncovering
An underwater pompeii...

Baiae.

Their discoveries reveal
A unique town

Studded with
Unimaginable riches.

♪♪

This sunken metropolis is
A window into a forgotten world,

But much of the seafloor
Remains unexplored.

Today, marine archaeologist
Barbara davidde and her team

Investigate a stretch of coast
Just east of baiae.

[ chatter ]

As the team dives,
It's immediately clear

That this is a very different
Set of ruins.

Instead of luxury villas,
Huge angular structures

And thick walls emerge
Out of the murky water,

Covered in centuries of algae.

♪♪

The contrast with baiae's
Opulence is huge.

There are no courtyards
Or statues here,

Just row upon row
Of small boxy rooms.

Their walls are solid blocks
Of rough roman concrete

Mixed with ash
To give it strength,

And the floors are not mosaics
But opus signinum,

Mortar mixed
With broken pottery,

To give it a practical
And durable covering.

What is this giant maze
Of solid concrete?

♪♪

The most unusual features
Are a set of large columns

Standing proud on the seafloor.

They're perfectly square
And more than 10 feet across.

Barbara believes their presence
Suggests this area is a harbor.

Pilae are a crucial component
Of roman harbor engineering.

These concrete pillars project
Above the water.

They're positioned to shield
Jetties,

Breaking the waves that
Could damage ships in port.

Why does baiae need such
A gigantic harbor next door?

Barbara needs a wider
Perspective

To decode large areas
Of unmapped archaeology.

She uses a high-definition drone
To view the site from above.

From the air,
An entire complex is visible.

A series of regular rectangular
Structures dominate the seabed.

They appear to be
Traders' warehouses,

But barbara believes they aren't
Here when the port is built.

This is no merchant harbor.

It's the entrance
To an enormous naval base.

This massive port is legendary.

It's named after julius caesar,

The most famous roman
In history.

Engineers build this port
From two volcanic lakes

That lie behind
Baiae's coastline.

They cut huge channels to link
The lakes to the open water

And build a massive
Concrete breakwater.

The roman fleet based here
Can sail out from the harbor

And attack any ships trying
To blockade the bay of naples.

Ferdinando de simone believes
The creation of portus julius

Supercharges the expansion
Of the roman empire.

Within 20 years, a new,

Improved port is built
In the bay 4 miles

To the south of baiae
And with it:

The infrastructure to support
A massive floating army.

This is the piscina mirabilis.

It looks almost like a cathedral
With these huge vaults

And this massive construction,

But actually,
This is a reservoir,

The largest reservoir that
The romans have ever built.

Narrator:
The reservoir is capable
Of holding up to 3 million

Gallons of drinking water.

It's enough to supply a fleet
Of 250 vessels.

For ferdinando, it's evidence
That the bay is home

To a formidable
Military machine.

This was a central point
For keeping control

Over the western mediterranean.

Narrator:
Baiae's mighty naval base

Doesn't just protect
Its wealthy residents.

This hulking megastructure
Transforms

The entire roman world.

Baiae is key to the empire's
Rapid expansion.

It changes the course
Of civilization,

But how could a small town
Of luxury villas

Be the engine
Of the roman empire?

Is there more to baiae
Than meets the eye?

Narrator:
The sunken town of baiae

Is transforming
How we see ancient rome.

It's home to some of
The richest people in history

And next to
An enormous naval base.

Is baiae actually just
A tiny part

Of a vast forgotten metropolis?

Marine archaeologist barbara
Davidde is making one more dive.

She's slowly piecing together
The town's true extent.

Twenty feet below the surface,

She enters an incredible
Drowned room.

♪♪

It's part of a palace that
Belongs to the emperor claudius.

Fish swim between statues
Of gods and heroes

Encrusted with sea urchins.

[ rumbling ]

Two thousand years ago,
These fine sculptures stand

Proudly along the walls
Of a fantastic dining room.

[ rumbling ]

In the center is a huge
Saltwater pool.

It's a banquet table
For floating dishes of food.

At the head of the room,
A magnificent centerpiece:

Three imposing statues
Recreate a famous greek myth.

The hero ulysses stands
With his comrade, baius,

After whom the town is named.

They're prisoners
Of the legendary cyclops,

The mythical one-eyed beast.

The underwater team
Carefully measures

And photographs
Each individual statue.

In roman times,
This fantastical grotto

Is the emperor's
Private pleasure chamber.

It's famous across the empire.

Archaeologist
Ferdinando de simone thinks

An ancient picture
Of the cyclops' grotto

Can help reconstruct baiae's
Lost coastline.

De simone: well, this is a
Drawing of a shard of glass,

Which belonged to a flask,
A bottle,

And here is depicted ulysses,

Who's giving a cup of wine
To the cyclops

In order to made him drunk
So that he can escape the cave.

Narrator:
The shard is part of a small
Collection of engraved vessels

That portray
The buildings of baiae.

Each flask shows a slightly
Different picture of the town.

But alongside the buildings
Of baiae,

On every flask
Is another structure:

An imposing system of arches.

Ferdinando
Believes it's a vast jetty.

De simone: this is a pier
Where ships would've docked.

You can imagine this structure
Going into the sea,

But actually, this wasn't here
With the baths in the villas.

It was on the other side
Of the bay.

Narrator:
The trade harbor that puts baiae

At the center
Of rome's mediterranean

Network is 3 miles away in
A neighborhood called puteoli:

Modern-day pozzuoli.

During the 1st century bc
And the years afterwards,

Puteoli was the most important
Harbor of the roman empire.

Here was really the heart
Of the roman economy.

Narrator:
As rome grows, there are
Evermore mouths to feed.

They must import food
From across the empire.

The nearest port at ostia
Is too shallow,

But across the bay from baiae,

Puteoli is a natural
Deepwater harbor.

Huge ships can dock
And unload tons of grain,

Which is shipped up to ostia
And rome in smaller boats.

[ chatter ]

The port at puteoli
Keeps rome's

Growing population
Fed and happy.

Today, puteoli and baiae
Are separate towns.

Ferdinando thinks that
2,000 years ago, they are one.

His investigations reveal
A lost cityscape

Stretching across
The entire coastline.

This bay is rome's second city.

It stretches from the grand
Villas of baiae,

Now lost beneath the waves,
To the thriving jetties

And warehouses along the coast

And the mighty naval base
That guards it all.

Baiae is the cornerstone
Of the roman empire.

But could the same forces that
Help build this civilization

One day bring our world
To its knees?

Narrator:
Archaeologists are discovering
That the town of baiae

Is much more than a resort
For rome's elite.

It's one part of
A mediterranean megacity

That builds
The roman empire.

But could the same forces
That sink baiae one day

Bring the modern world to ruin?

Archaeologists work out
That the volcano

Drags baiae even
Deeper underwater.

By 800 ad, the town sits several
Feet below modern levels.

Baiae has been slowly emerging

From its watery grave
Ever since.

For geologist guido giordano,
It's an ominous sign.

Giordano:
Baiae is rebounding.

The crust beneath
Is slowly rising.

It's coming back up.

Narrator:
Baiae's drowned villas
Are being thrust upwards

Because magma
Is building up below.

The supervolcano is waking up,
And if campi flegrei explodes,

It could make the eruption
That buried pompeii

Look like nothing
More than a campfire.

Guido believes that to
Predict a supervolcano's future,

You have to study its past.

He examines rocks campi
Flegrei deposits

Thousands of years ago.

Giordano: let's go.

He melts hundreds of samples
Back down to magma.

It means he can study the rock
In its original state:

Inside the volcano.

The thicker the magma,
The more explosive the eruption.

Samples from a 10,000-year-old
Deposit are too thick to flow.

So does it flow at all, ale?

No.No?

Not even at
1,500 celsius degrees.

Wow.

So this molten rock
Doesn't flow.

It's very, very thick.

Under the enormous pressure
Of a volcanic eruption,

The magma would not flow.

It would actually break up,
Producing an explosive eruption

Rather than a lava flow.

Narrator:
This sample comes from the
Crater directly beneath baiae.

Guido's team analyzes dozens
Of samples from this event.

From the data, he can
Piece together

The eruption's progression.

Giordano:
When we analyze many samples
From this eruption,

We've found there
Wasn't just one eruption.

There were actually two:
One after the other.

The eruption of the first one

Released the pressure
On the second

And allowed
The next eruption to occur.

Narrator:
A double eruption suggests
That beneath baiae,

There is more than
One magma chamber

Or a series of chambers
All connected.

A complex network
Of magma reservoirs

Could be very bad news.

A small eruption might destroy
Much of the bay of naples,

But if it sets off a chain
Reaction, where could that lead?

The largest eruption
Of campi flegrei

Occurred about 40,000 years ago

When these super eruption blew
Out ash all over the continent.

The change in climate
Is considered responsible

By many scientists for the
Decline of the neanderthal

And the replacement
With modern humans.

You can imagine how catastrophic
An eruption of these size

Could be
If it happened in modern times.

Narrator:
The volcanic forces that bring
Baiae to ruin remain a threat.

One day, they could even
Bring down modern civilization.

Baiae is far more than
An archaeological curiosity.

This forgotten metropolis
Is the power behind rome.

It transforms this mighty
Civilization

Into the superpower
Of the ancient world.

De simone:
Before coming to this area,
Rome was still one of

The smaller players
In the mediterranean.

This entire region provided
So many goods

And natural facilities
That really helped rome to grow.

[ speaking italian ]

This was not just a playground
For roman emperors.

This is the place where
The roman economy

And politics was made.

♪♪

Narrator:
A new story is emerging

From the shallow waters
Of the mediterranean.

Baiae is forgotten by history.

Today, it is swallowed
By the sea,

But this metropolis changes
The course of civilization.

Baiae is the town
That builds rome,

The ancient world's
Most successful empire.

[ rumbling ]

♪♪

♪♪

♪♪