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1
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Is it at once
getting much better
2
00:00:49,758 --> 00:00:51,301
and still hopeless?
3
00:01:36,221 --> 00:01:39,057
I don't want
4
00:01:39,140 --> 00:01:42,519
to be given anything by you.
5
00:02:15,844 --> 00:02:19,597
♪ In the beginning ♪
6
00:02:22,017 --> 00:02:25,770
♪ You really loved me ♪
7
00:02:28,148 --> 00:02:32,444
♪ I was too blind ♪
8
00:02:34,487 --> 00:02:36,740
♪ I couldn't see ♪
9
00:02:36,781 --> 00:02:40,493
When Dr. King was killed,
I thought my world had ended.
10
00:02:40,577 --> 00:02:43,038
♪ But now you've left me ♪
11
00:02:43,121 --> 00:02:47,292
I couldn't produce or create
or do anything for a long time.
12
00:02:47,334 --> 00:02:49,793
♪ Oh, how I cried ♪
13
00:02:51,296 --> 00:02:53,631
We had two great losses.
14
00:02:53,673 --> 00:02:58,678
Otis Redding and The Bar-Kays,
and we had Martin Luther King.
15
00:02:58,762 --> 00:03:00,513
♪ Till your well runs dry... ♪
16
00:03:00,597 --> 00:03:03,475
It brings reality into focus.
17
00:03:03,516 --> 00:03:08,396
The reality of living together
in this divided city.
18
00:03:10,023 --> 00:03:11,483
What-what do I say?
19
00:03:11,524 --> 00:03:13,443
You know, what can I say?
20
00:03:17,572 --> 00:03:21,493
We were just
totally, totally devastated.
21
00:03:24,287 --> 00:03:26,206
And not only that,
22
00:03:27,332 --> 00:03:30,418
our masters,
they had been taken from us.
23
00:03:30,502 --> 00:03:33,004
♪ I miss my water ♪
24
00:03:33,088 --> 00:03:36,675
We didn't know what was going
to happen with our career
25
00:03:36,716 --> 00:03:37,926
or with our music.
26
00:03:39,427 --> 00:03:42,514
We had been screwed
without a kiss.
27
00:03:42,555 --> 00:03:44,516
♪ You don't miss your... ♪
28
00:03:44,599 --> 00:03:46,643
That's what
it really amounted to.
29
00:03:48,687 --> 00:03:50,188
We had nothing.
30
00:04:00,865 --> 00:04:04,828
We closed down
for several days.
31
00:04:07,038 --> 00:04:08,665
We went through a...
32
00:04:08,707 --> 00:04:14,546
a period of-of-of depression,
I guess, is the word.
33
00:04:15,255 --> 00:04:16,964
The whole company.
34
00:04:31,062 --> 00:04:33,189
The attitude
in the industry
35
00:04:33,231 --> 00:04:36,484
was Stax is dead. It's over.
36
00:04:36,568 --> 00:04:38,903
I mean, how could you think
of it any other way?
37
00:04:39,654 --> 00:04:41,823
Those in New York,
they look down.
38
00:04:41,906 --> 00:04:44,868
They think we're dumb bunnies,
if you will,
39
00:04:45,493 --> 00:04:48,663
and they tried to keep us
"in our place."
40
00:04:56,338 --> 00:04:57,922
I didn't accept that though.
41
00:04:57,964 --> 00:05:00,342
I couldn't.
42
00:05:00,425 --> 00:05:02,677
And I got to thinking,
well, wait a minute.
43
00:05:03,428 --> 00:05:05,555
I came to Stax Records
44
00:05:05,597 --> 00:05:09,100
because of that sound
that comes out of Stax.
45
00:05:12,645 --> 00:05:17,650
And it was that sound
that's behind our top artists,
46
00:05:19,944 --> 00:05:23,948
Sam and Dave, Carla Thomas,
Rufus Thomas,
47
00:05:23,990 --> 00:05:27,243
William Bell, Eddie Floyd,
Otis Redding.
48
00:05:30,622 --> 00:05:33,041
♪ This is
my lover's prayer... ♪
49
00:05:34,042 --> 00:05:38,546
I realized we no longer
have our catalog...
50
00:05:41,299 --> 00:05:43,677
...but we still had our people.
51
00:05:45,720 --> 00:05:47,889
I knew what Stax really was.
52
00:05:49,391 --> 00:05:53,728
It was a product of creative
and rare people,
53
00:05:54,646 --> 00:05:57,357
and great, authentic music art.
54
00:05:59,734 --> 00:06:02,362
We weren't
with Atlantic anymore,
55
00:06:03,363 --> 00:06:05,824
but we can rebuild Stax.
56
00:06:08,493 --> 00:06:10,495
I started talking
to Jim and Estelle
57
00:06:10,578 --> 00:06:16,918
about becoming an independent
recorded music business.
58
00:06:17,585 --> 00:06:19,921
We didn't think
we could handle it,
59
00:06:20,005 --> 00:06:21,381
independently.
60
00:06:21,464 --> 00:06:24,217
Even though we had made
a lot of money,
61
00:06:24,300 --> 00:06:26,970
it takes a lot of money
to be independent.
62
00:06:27,721 --> 00:06:29,723
You step out there alone.
63
00:06:30,432 --> 00:06:32,017
Risky business.
64
00:06:32,475 --> 00:06:34,352
Jim said, "Well,
65
00:06:34,394 --> 00:06:36,604
find somebody
to make a deal with us."
66
00:06:38,940 --> 00:06:43,194
I got with a friend of mine
named Clarence Avant.
67
00:06:43,862 --> 00:06:48,241
Clarence was a major broker
in the recorded music industry.
68
00:06:56,457 --> 00:06:58,835
I convinced him
that there was a future here.
69
00:06:58,877 --> 00:07:01,338
Then I said, "Clarence,
I need a deal."
70
00:07:01,880 --> 00:07:05,383
He said, "I think maybe
we can get something done
71
00:07:05,467 --> 00:07:07,135
at Gulf+Western."
72
00:07:07,719 --> 00:07:10,221
Estelle, myself, and Al thought
73
00:07:10,847 --> 00:07:13,892
Gulf+Western
would give us distribution
74
00:07:13,933 --> 00:07:16,019
and the visibility
that we needed.
75
00:07:17,562 --> 00:07:19,606
So we went to New York.
76
00:07:34,746 --> 00:07:36,081
Clarence
made the appointment
77
00:07:36,164 --> 00:07:38,166
with the Chairman of the Board
of Gulf+Western,
78
00:07:38,249 --> 00:07:39,834
Charlie Bluhdorn.
79
00:07:41,086 --> 00:07:43,421
Clarence explained what had
happened with us,
80
00:07:43,963 --> 00:07:48,426
and told him what we needed was
an opportunity and a chance.
81
00:07:48,468 --> 00:07:50,303
Charlie Bluhdorn was saying,
"I don't know.
82
00:07:50,387 --> 00:07:52,430
It seems as though
the Stax period
83
00:07:52,514 --> 00:07:54,307
is over in the marketplace."
84
00:07:54,391 --> 00:07:55,808
And Clarence Avant
got up and said,
85
00:07:55,892 --> 00:07:58,436
"Charlie Bluhdorn,
I wouldn't bring this to you
86
00:07:58,478 --> 00:07:59,688
unless it meant money to you,
87
00:07:59,771 --> 00:08:01,356
and I know you wanna
make money."
88
00:08:01,439 --> 00:08:02,774
He was screaming.
89
00:08:02,816 --> 00:08:05,026
He sold it.
He literally sold it.
90
00:08:05,527 --> 00:08:08,113
And Bluhdorn said,
"Okay, Clarence."
91
00:08:08,154 --> 00:08:10,949
So we made the deal.
92
00:08:17,914 --> 00:08:22,043
Gulf+Western gave us
the money that we needed,
93
00:08:24,421 --> 00:08:26,631
but now we needed
to find something
94
00:08:26,673 --> 00:08:29,092
that we can release
in this marketplace.
95
00:08:32,053 --> 00:08:33,847
Al came to me and said,
96
00:08:33,929 --> 00:08:37,350
"I want you to go
to the tape library,
97
00:08:37,433 --> 00:08:39,227
find something good."
98
00:08:43,063 --> 00:08:47,402
Atlantic didn't own anything
that hadn't been released.
99
00:08:48,153 --> 00:08:50,905
We could take that music
and work with that.
100
00:08:52,449 --> 00:08:55,994
And we came up with a track
of Booker T. & the M.G.'s,
101
00:08:56,077 --> 00:08:57,912
but it needed some work.
102
00:08:58,872 --> 00:09:03,001
I said, "Well, this song sounds
kind of jumpy, islandy.
103
00:09:03,043 --> 00:09:04,836
Why don't we put
a marimba on it?"
104
00:09:05,295 --> 00:09:07,547
I took the marimba and just
played this melody on it,
105
00:09:07,630 --> 00:09:08,757
played through the whole song.
106
00:09:08,840 --> 00:09:10,884
So we put it down, mixed it,
107
00:09:10,967 --> 00:09:12,719
took it to Al Bell,
said, "Here's your song."
108
00:09:21,853 --> 00:09:26,316
I said, "Oh, that limbo
is happening in New York,
109
00:09:26,358 --> 00:09:28,401
Philadelphia, Boston.
110
00:09:28,485 --> 00:09:32,864
And this has that limbo feel
on it with this marimba."
111
00:09:33,615 --> 00:09:35,617
I said, "We're gonna call it
'Soul Limbo.'"
112
00:09:42,207 --> 00:09:44,376
We released it
in the marketplace...
113
00:09:49,839 --> 00:09:52,175
and that record took off.
114
00:09:59,724 --> 00:10:03,395
"Soul Limbo" gave me
a bit more confidence...
115
00:10:05,438 --> 00:10:07,399
but it was just one song.
116
00:10:08,858 --> 00:10:10,902
We needed a lot more.
117
00:10:12,278 --> 00:10:14,739
So I sat down with a legal pad,
118
00:10:14,781 --> 00:10:17,909
and I started writing the names
of all of the artists.
119
00:10:18,243 --> 00:10:19,786
Booker T. & the M.G.'s,
120
00:10:19,869 --> 00:10:23,707
Albert King, Carla Thomas,
Rufus Thomas.
121
00:10:23,748 --> 00:10:27,419
I started creating concepts
like "boy meets girl."
122
00:10:27,460 --> 00:10:29,754
That's where I could take
all of our male artists
123
00:10:29,796 --> 00:10:32,465
and combine them
with our female artists,
124
00:10:32,549 --> 00:10:34,092
and that would give me
another album.
125
00:10:34,134 --> 00:10:36,803
Then I thought about,
okay, guitars only.
126
00:10:36,886 --> 00:10:39,222
That will make noise
in the marketplace.
127
00:10:39,889 --> 00:10:42,976
And I kept coming up
with albums like that.
128
00:10:43,059 --> 00:10:45,270
Al called a meeting.
129
00:10:45,353 --> 00:10:48,440
He said, "We need to build back
the Stax catalog
130
00:10:49,107 --> 00:10:51,818
and then flood the market
with product.
131
00:10:52,610 --> 00:10:54,779
Let's work hard
to make it happen quickly."
132
00:10:57,365 --> 00:11:00,368
He wanted all of this product,
133
00:11:00,452 --> 00:11:02,662
more product out of one company
134
00:11:02,746 --> 00:11:06,082
than all of the companies
producing rhythm and blues
135
00:11:06,124 --> 00:11:09,836
in the United States
collectively.
136
00:11:10,253 --> 00:11:12,088
The soul explosion.
137
00:11:12,881 --> 00:11:14,966
Al Bell didn't
share all the particulars.
138
00:11:15,008 --> 00:11:16,718
He just generated
the excitement.
139
00:11:16,801 --> 00:11:20,347
He was a master
at generating enthusiasm.
140
00:11:20,638 --> 00:11:24,684
And even though there was
division in my band,
141
00:11:26,311 --> 00:11:29,064
everybody just went to work
like crazy.
142
00:11:30,273 --> 00:11:31,524
"We're doing this."
143
00:11:33,068 --> 00:11:35,362
Hold on. Take two.
144
00:11:35,445 --> 00:11:36,821
One, two...
145
00:11:42,994 --> 00:11:46,581
We had "no time to lose."
146
00:11:46,664 --> 00:11:49,250
Al Bell was the drum major.
147
00:11:50,502 --> 00:11:51,836
We were all in.
148
00:11:54,172 --> 00:11:57,300
We went
to the studio around the clock
149
00:11:58,385 --> 00:12:01,137
in a very short period of time.
150
00:12:01,179 --> 00:12:04,724
I'm talking about...
three months.
151
00:12:07,268 --> 00:12:10,397
When I came to
Stax, it was starting all over.
152
00:12:10,480 --> 00:12:14,192
But personally, I couldn't have
been at a better place
153
00:12:14,234 --> 00:12:16,069
at a better time.
154
00:12:16,152 --> 00:12:18,863
I started
as a trainee engineer.
155
00:12:19,739 --> 00:12:22,659
It was just an unbelievable
opportunity.
156
00:12:22,701 --> 00:12:24,869
'Course I was thrown
in the fire.
157
00:12:25,870 --> 00:12:28,707
As a guitarist,
they needed songs,
158
00:12:28,748 --> 00:12:31,543
and I was able
to start songwriting.
159
00:12:31,918 --> 00:12:33,920
It was sink or swim.
160
00:12:35,088 --> 00:12:36,798
I was a writer,
161
00:12:37,215 --> 00:12:41,011
and being the only female
was not an easy task.
162
00:12:42,053 --> 00:12:45,223
You know, we're talking about
the sexist '60s here.
163
00:12:46,099 --> 00:12:49,227
Some guys didn't feel like women
could do what they could do,
164
00:12:49,310 --> 00:12:51,813
'cause this is
an all-male environment.
165
00:12:52,397 --> 00:12:56,317
So Al Bell gave me
this great big opportunity.
166
00:12:56,735 --> 00:12:58,069
Good idea. Take one.
167
00:12:58,111 --> 00:13:00,572
We went on a 24-hour,
168
00:13:00,655 --> 00:13:03,908
seven-day-a-week
production basis.
169
00:13:06,953 --> 00:13:08,913
Instead of
four or five songs,
170
00:13:08,955 --> 00:13:10,331
I'm working on four
or five albums
171
00:13:10,415 --> 00:13:12,709
with 10 to 12 songs
on each one of them.
172
00:13:12,751 --> 00:13:15,086
It was like
a nine-to-nine situation.
173
00:13:15,170 --> 00:13:18,340
I'd go home to take a shower
and that'd be about it.
174
00:13:20,091 --> 00:13:22,677
It was just more
than you could handle.
175
00:13:22,761 --> 00:13:24,637
I mean, it was just
wearing us out.
176
00:13:25,096 --> 00:13:28,475
Steve Cropper said, "Al, you're
working the musicians to death."
177
00:13:29,768 --> 00:13:31,603
I said, "No, I'm not, Steven.
178
00:13:32,020 --> 00:13:33,980
I'm working them to life.
179
00:13:34,356 --> 00:13:36,149
We gotta get this done
180
00:13:36,232 --> 00:13:38,777
if we're gonna survive
out here in this music business.
181
00:13:38,818 --> 00:13:40,445
I'm talking about
working them to life."
182
00:13:45,283 --> 00:13:48,411
I like me on a minor third,
and you men with the seventh.
183
00:13:48,453 --> 00:13:51,164
Two, three...
184
00:13:59,047 --> 00:14:01,174
Al Bell approached me
185
00:14:02,217 --> 00:14:05,303
and said, "I gotta produce
a lot of albums."
186
00:14:05,970 --> 00:14:09,265
I said, "Can I do an album too?"
187
00:14:10,100 --> 00:14:13,853
He said, "Sure!"
I said, "However I want to?"
188
00:14:13,937 --> 00:14:16,690
"Yes! You got carte blanche."
189
00:14:20,276 --> 00:14:23,613
It was a lot in me
wanted to break out.
190
00:14:34,290 --> 00:14:38,461
I was a songwriter,
I was a producer, an arranger.
191
00:14:41,506 --> 00:14:44,467
But I had aspirations
of being a singer.
192
00:14:45,719 --> 00:14:47,012
I was like a sponge.
193
00:14:47,053 --> 00:14:49,514
I had soaked up a lot
of different influences.
194
00:14:49,556 --> 00:14:52,976
Blues, jazz, pop, classical.
195
00:14:53,727 --> 00:14:55,353
But at that time at Stax,
196
00:14:55,437 --> 00:14:57,480
I didn't have a chance
to express it.
197
00:14:57,522 --> 00:15:00,150
-Rolling. Number one.
198
00:15:00,191 --> 00:15:02,193
Every day around lunchtime,
199
00:15:02,277 --> 00:15:03,695
Isaac would come down the hall.
200
00:15:03,737 --> 00:15:05,113
We were all going to lunch.
201
00:15:05,196 --> 00:15:06,990
And he had a tape up there
202
00:15:07,032 --> 00:15:09,242
that, uh,
he would get you to put on,
203
00:15:09,325 --> 00:15:11,703
and they were these old ballads,
like, uh,
204
00:15:11,786 --> 00:15:13,788
"
for Sentimental Reasons."
205
00:15:13,872 --> 00:15:15,498
You know, it was...
206
00:15:15,540 --> 00:15:17,917
Boy, and it was taking
our lunch time.
207
00:15:18,001 --> 00:15:19,711
I'll just take
my time on this thing now.
208
00:15:19,794 --> 00:15:21,171
One, two...
209
00:15:21,212 --> 00:15:23,214
And he had this creamy voice
210
00:15:23,298 --> 00:15:26,176
that just...
211
00:15:26,217 --> 00:15:31,222
♪ Ohh, yeah ♪
212
00:15:31,848 --> 00:15:34,142
He was honing his craft.
213
00:15:34,225 --> 00:15:37,562
♪ Mm-hm ♪
214
00:15:37,604 --> 00:15:39,314
He'd sing those songs.
215
00:15:40,315 --> 00:15:42,233
He was getting
the voice thing together.
216
00:15:43,151 --> 00:15:45,862
One, two, three, four.
217
00:15:56,748 --> 00:16:00,210
Isaac was
looking for a different sound.
218
00:16:01,419 --> 00:16:05,715
After the plane crash,
the people at Stax asked us,
219
00:16:05,757 --> 00:16:10,512
"What do y'all want to do about
continuing The Bar-Kays?"
220
00:16:11,554 --> 00:16:15,975
I'm looking to my left
and I don't see no Jimmie King.
221
00:16:16,059 --> 00:16:17,102
I'm looking to my right
222
00:16:17,185 --> 00:16:20,063
and I don't see
no Phalon Jones,
223
00:16:20,105 --> 00:16:21,690
my best friend.
224
00:16:22,691 --> 00:16:26,611
Only two people left.
Just myself and Ben Cauley,
225
00:16:27,195 --> 00:16:29,489
the one survivor.
226
00:16:32,283 --> 00:16:33,993
It was an eerie feeling.
227
00:16:38,456 --> 00:16:42,502
But I said,
"We got to carry on."
228
00:16:42,585 --> 00:16:47,590
At 18 years old, I debuted
a new Bar-Kays band.
229
00:16:52,137 --> 00:16:53,972
When I became a member
of the Bar-Kays
230
00:16:54,055 --> 00:16:55,515
as a drummer,
231
00:16:55,974 --> 00:16:59,102
there was Harvey Henderson
on saxophone,
232
00:16:59,144 --> 00:17:02,230
Ben Cauley, James Alexander,
and Michael Toles.
233
00:17:02,564 --> 00:17:05,983
And they got another white kid
to play organ,
234
00:17:06,067 --> 00:17:07,652
Ronnie Gorden.
235
00:17:11,573 --> 00:17:13,450
I saw a great drive
236
00:17:13,491 --> 00:17:16,077
to make a monument
to that tragedy.
237
00:17:28,173 --> 00:17:29,924
We didn't really know
what we was doing,
238
00:17:30,508 --> 00:17:34,179
but what attracted
Isaac to us
239
00:17:34,220 --> 00:17:36,348
was the fearlessness.
240
00:17:44,856 --> 00:17:46,274
He would sit at the piano,
241
00:17:46,358 --> 00:17:48,985
and he'd work
all the different parts out.
242
00:17:49,444 --> 00:17:52,238
He was creative enough
and open enough
243
00:17:52,322 --> 00:17:54,199
to just let you go.
244
00:17:55,450 --> 00:17:59,746
If your idea was something
nice, he'd go along with it.
245
00:18:01,915 --> 00:18:04,501
That gave me a lot of freedom.
246
00:18:05,335 --> 00:18:10,632
♪ Now tell me, what I say ♪
247
00:18:12,175 --> 00:18:13,385
He knew
he wanted to do
248
00:18:13,468 --> 00:18:15,345
something different
from the ordinary,
249
00:18:15,387 --> 00:18:19,391
so all the stuff we did,
it was a lot of trial and error.
250
00:18:21,559 --> 00:18:24,938
Once we locked into a groove
he would say,
251
00:18:25,021 --> 00:18:26,856
"That's it, let's record it."
252
00:18:27,732 --> 00:18:32,195
It was just, like,
an amazing way to create music.
253
00:18:56,761 --> 00:19:00,390
I was a background
vocalist in Detroit.
254
00:19:01,391 --> 00:19:04,769
I sang with Aretha Franklin,
George Clinton,
255
00:19:05,353 --> 00:19:07,397
so many Motown artists.
256
00:19:08,732 --> 00:19:13,236
1969, some songs
from Isaac Hayes came up.
257
00:19:14,487 --> 00:19:16,740
One song was "Walk On By."
258
00:19:17,198 --> 00:19:20,285
Dionne Warwick
had recorded this song first.
259
00:19:20,368 --> 00:19:23,621
♪ If you see me
walking down the street ♪
260
00:19:23,663 --> 00:19:28,168
♪ And I start to cry
each time we meet ♪
261
00:19:28,710 --> 00:19:31,921
♪ Walk on by ♪
262
00:19:33,965 --> 00:19:36,051
♪ Foolish pride ♪
263
00:19:39,179 --> 00:19:41,264
I listened to it at home.
264
00:19:42,474 --> 00:19:44,809
I was like, shoot, I'm gonna
have to turn myself
265
00:19:44,851 --> 00:19:45,935
into a music note.
266
00:19:45,977 --> 00:19:47,854
♪ You gave me ♪
267
00:19:47,937 --> 00:19:49,439
♪ I didn't ask you for it ♪
268
00:19:49,481 --> 00:19:51,399
♪ But you gave me ♪
269
00:19:51,483 --> 00:19:56,404
♪ When you said goodbye ♪
270
00:19:56,988 --> 00:19:59,699
I'm like, damn.
271
00:20:00,158 --> 00:20:01,659
So I smoke me a joint.
272
00:20:01,743 --> 00:20:05,497
Turned me right into
a music note.
273
00:20:06,373 --> 00:20:11,294
I called my sister Diane Davis,
and Rose Edwards.
274
00:20:11,336 --> 00:20:14,422
That was the first time
we heard it.
275
00:20:14,881 --> 00:20:18,051
Oh, I loved it.
276
00:20:18,134 --> 00:20:19,969
Oh, my gosh.
277
00:20:20,011 --> 00:20:22,180
Isaac's music
was almost symphonic.
278
00:20:28,603 --> 00:20:31,815
Diane, Rose, and I
singing together,
279
00:20:32,357 --> 00:20:36,027
we could just sound
like one person.
280
00:20:36,069 --> 00:20:38,196
We had one hell of a blend.
281
00:20:44,661 --> 00:20:51,042
♪ All that I have left,
so let me hide ♪
282
00:20:51,084 --> 00:20:54,129
♪ The tears and the sadness ♪
283
00:20:54,212 --> 00:20:56,297
♪ You gave me ♪
284
00:20:56,381 --> 00:20:58,717
♪ When you said good... ♪
285
00:20:58,758 --> 00:21:01,219
♪ Oh, when you said good... ♪
286
00:21:01,261 --> 00:21:07,017
♪ Bye ♪
287
00:21:07,809 --> 00:21:08,893
♪ Walk on ♪
288
00:21:08,977 --> 00:21:11,563
Isaac was very pleased.
289
00:21:14,274 --> 00:21:15,692
♪ Walk on by ♪
290
00:21:16,359 --> 00:21:19,320
That's it.
That's perfect. Beautiful.
291
00:21:19,404 --> 00:21:22,407
We had those musicians
in there every day,
292
00:21:22,449 --> 00:21:24,492
hour after hour after hour,
293
00:21:25,243 --> 00:21:27,746
and we created 28 albums.
294
00:21:28,538 --> 00:21:30,290
The idea
was simply to establish
295
00:21:30,373 --> 00:21:32,500
massive presence
in the marketplace.
296
00:21:33,084 --> 00:21:36,504
But a lot of people
thought this was craziness.
297
00:21:36,588 --> 00:21:39,966
The cost of manufacturing
that number of records.
298
00:21:40,050 --> 00:21:44,846
But beyond the cost,
how do you promote 28 albums?
299
00:21:44,929 --> 00:21:47,223
When we were working
with Atlantic,
300
00:21:47,265 --> 00:21:49,017
I would always attend
sales meetings
301
00:21:49,100 --> 00:21:51,478
when they would bring in
all of the distributors.
302
00:21:51,978 --> 00:21:54,814
And I marveled at how
Jerry Wexler would stand up
303
00:21:54,898 --> 00:21:56,775
behind a stereo player...
304
00:21:58,443 --> 00:22:03,239
and play songs from all
of Atlantic's new releases.
305
00:22:03,281 --> 00:22:05,825
He would inspire
those distributors.
306
00:22:06,493 --> 00:22:07,869
Afterwards,
Jerry Wexler would talk about,
307
00:22:07,952 --> 00:22:10,538
"Ah, I just raised a million
and a half dollars."
308
00:22:11,623 --> 00:22:13,792
I said, "I'm gonna
do the same thing.
309
00:22:13,875 --> 00:22:16,127
But I'm gonna do it
in Memphis."
310
00:22:30,725 --> 00:22:32,310
The rest of the show,
311
00:22:32,394 --> 00:22:34,104
continuing the rest of
the Stax Soul Explosion.
312
00:22:38,358 --> 00:22:40,527
I brought media to Memphis.
313
00:22:41,945 --> 00:22:44,739
We had Record World
and Billboard,
314
00:22:46,408 --> 00:22:47,909
Rolling Stone.
315
00:22:50,537 --> 00:22:52,455
We needed a new label.
316
00:22:52,539 --> 00:22:55,250
So I got the graphic design
person at Paramount Pictures,
317
00:22:55,333 --> 00:22:57,836
and he said "Al,
what is Stax really?"
318
00:22:58,169 --> 00:23:00,338
I said, "It's about good music.
319
00:23:00,380 --> 00:23:02,340
It's about making people
feel good.
320
00:23:02,382 --> 00:23:04,551
That's what Stax--"
He said, "I got it."
321
00:23:04,634 --> 00:23:05,760
Next thing I knew,
322
00:23:05,844 --> 00:23:07,178
he'd come
with that finger snap.
323
00:23:07,262 --> 00:23:08,763
Bam! Stax.
324
00:23:09,681 --> 00:23:11,558
My mind was on one thing:
325
00:23:11,641 --> 00:23:15,395
causing these distributors
to come in here, feel good,
326
00:23:15,478 --> 00:23:18,023
and take this pen,
and write down that order.
327
00:23:19,899 --> 00:23:22,485
That was the only thing
on my mind.
328
00:23:25,488 --> 00:23:27,532
Thank you!
Thank you so very much.
329
00:23:27,574 --> 00:23:30,493
For most people
in the music industry,
330
00:23:31,036 --> 00:23:34,372
this is people in
a backwaters town like Memphis
331
00:23:34,456 --> 00:23:36,791
who have no idea
what they're doing.
332
00:23:37,625 --> 00:23:40,337
People thought,
"This is not going to work."
333
00:23:43,381 --> 00:23:44,549
And you're swingin'
with the Queen
334
00:23:44,632 --> 00:23:47,010
on this beautiful
Monday morning!
335
00:23:48,178 --> 00:23:51,639
♪ Ahh, oh, hear me now ♪
336
00:23:54,976 --> 00:23:58,480
♪ All you fellas
gather 'round me ♪
337
00:23:58,897 --> 00:24:02,734
♪ And let me give you
some good advice ♪
338
00:24:03,526 --> 00:24:07,072
♪ What I'm gonna...
gonna ask you now ♪
339
00:24:07,489 --> 00:24:11,242
♪ You'd better think about it
twice ♪
340
00:24:11,576 --> 00:24:15,455
♪ While you're lyin'
cheating on your woman ♪
341
00:24:15,914 --> 00:24:19,751
♪ There is something
you never even thought of ♪
342
00:24:19,834 --> 00:24:24,422
♪ Now tell me, who's
making love to your old lady ♪
343
00:24:24,756 --> 00:24:27,676
♪ While you were out
making love ♪
344
00:24:27,759 --> 00:24:29,094
♪ Hear me now ♪
345
00:24:29,135 --> 00:24:32,681
♪ Now, who's making love
to your old lady ♪
346
00:24:33,098 --> 00:24:35,725
♪ While you were out
making love ♪
347
00:24:35,767 --> 00:24:38,061
I wrote "Who's Making Love."
348
00:24:38,687 --> 00:24:41,231
A song about reaping
what you sow.
349
00:24:42,565 --> 00:24:43,900
When it came out,
350
00:24:43,942 --> 00:24:46,111
women were buying this song
off the rack
351
00:24:46,152 --> 00:24:48,655
like it was golden.
352
00:24:49,572 --> 00:24:51,116
♪ Thinking that a woman... ♪
353
00:24:51,700 --> 00:24:54,744
They wanted to go home
and play this for that fella
354
00:24:54,786 --> 00:24:58,039
that was going out cheating,
you know what I mean?
355
00:24:58,123 --> 00:25:00,291
♪ Fellas, let me ask you
somethin' ♪
356
00:25:00,375 --> 00:25:03,420
You better think about this
'cause this could be you.
357
00:25:03,461 --> 00:25:05,755
♪ Never even dreamed of ♪
358
00:25:05,797 --> 00:25:07,841
♪ Now tell me
who's making love ♪
359
00:25:07,924 --> 00:25:10,635
-♪ To your old lady ♪
360
00:25:10,719 --> 00:25:13,138
♪ While you were out
making love ♪
361
00:25:13,555 --> 00:25:16,808
I've had so many men
who would say,
362
00:25:16,891 --> 00:25:18,685
"Woman, you had me
going back home,
363
00:25:18,935 --> 00:25:21,062
turning around so many times."
364
00:25:21,146 --> 00:25:23,898
He'd say, "Every time I would
hear this song on the radio,
365
00:25:23,982 --> 00:25:27,068
I want to go home
and check on my wife."
366
00:25:27,152 --> 00:25:29,612
♪ I'm not trying
to run your life ♪
367
00:25:29,654 --> 00:25:31,364
♪ 'Cause it's up to you ♪
368
00:25:31,448 --> 00:25:32,741
♪ Oh, you ♪
369
00:25:32,824 --> 00:25:36,369
♪ Oh, oh, you, you, and you ♪
370
00:25:39,789 --> 00:25:41,583
It just shot up the charts.
371
00:25:41,666 --> 00:25:45,003
♪ I ask this question,
I used to be... ♪
372
00:25:45,045 --> 00:25:49,758
Within six weeks,
it had sold its first million.
373
00:25:50,467 --> 00:25:51,968
♪ My old lady ♪
374
00:25:52,719 --> 00:25:55,138
♪ While I was out making love ♪
375
00:25:55,180 --> 00:25:56,473
"Who's Making Love"
376
00:25:56,514 --> 00:25:58,475
was the biggest selling
Stax single
377
00:25:58,516 --> 00:26:00,185
up to that date.
378
00:26:01,311 --> 00:26:05,023
It sold two million copies
before all was said and done.
379
00:26:08,193 --> 00:26:10,862
You're listening to WLIB FM.
380
00:26:10,904 --> 00:26:13,698
Here's another two
for the price of one.
381
00:26:13,740 --> 00:26:15,950
-Isaac Hayes.
382
00:26:27,587 --> 00:26:28,963
I was with some friends
383
00:26:29,047 --> 00:26:32,050
when I heard Hot Buttered Soul
on the radio.
384
00:26:36,137 --> 00:26:38,431
I had completely forgot
about the recording.
385
00:26:42,894 --> 00:26:46,815
Radio's still playing
three-minute singles.
386
00:26:48,692 --> 00:26:52,612
Outta nowhere, they're playing
this amazingly long song
387
00:26:52,696 --> 00:26:54,072
of Isaac's on the radio.
388
00:27:01,746 --> 00:27:05,917
♪ If you see me
walking down the street ♪
389
00:27:05,959 --> 00:27:09,212
♪ And I start to cry ♪
390
00:27:09,587 --> 00:27:11,923
♪ Each time we meet ♪
391
00:27:14,926 --> 00:27:17,762
♪ Then walk on by ♪
392
00:27:20,640 --> 00:27:24,269
♪ Walk on by ♪
393
00:27:26,021 --> 00:27:27,731
You know,
I would go out on stage,
394
00:27:27,772 --> 00:27:30,108
and I was sorta nervous.
395
00:27:30,859 --> 00:27:32,444
"Oh, God."
So I put the shades on...
396
00:27:32,527 --> 00:27:36,781
♪ Just let me hide
the tears and the sadness... ♪
397
00:27:36,865 --> 00:27:39,534
...And it became
like a security blanket.
398
00:27:39,617 --> 00:27:43,455
♪ You put the hurt on me,
you socked it to me, mama ♪
399
00:27:43,496 --> 00:27:46,958
♪ When you said goodbye ♪
400
00:27:47,000 --> 00:27:49,419
People said I had started
a different trend,
401
00:27:49,461 --> 00:27:53,840
big large orchestrations,
big sound.
402
00:27:55,175 --> 00:27:56,176
♪ Oh, mama ♪
403
00:27:56,259 --> 00:27:57,719
All that mattered
was that I had
404
00:27:57,802 --> 00:28:00,263
the opportunity
to express myself.
405
00:28:01,473 --> 00:28:02,557
♪ Walk ♪
406
00:28:02,640 --> 00:28:05,226
Hot Buttered Soul exploded.
407
00:28:06,144 --> 00:28:08,646
Top of the charts
on the R&B market,
408
00:28:08,730 --> 00:28:11,733
adult contemporary,
easy listening,
409
00:28:11,816 --> 00:28:13,943
jazz, and pop.
410
00:28:13,985 --> 00:28:16,988
♪ Said I'm beggin' you,
I'm beggin you to walk on by ♪
411
00:28:17,072 --> 00:28:21,743
Gutted as they were,
demoralized as they were,
412
00:28:21,826 --> 00:28:24,704
they rebuilt this company...
413
00:28:27,540 --> 00:28:32,003
and made it a bigger company
than it ever was before.
414
00:28:35,340 --> 00:28:39,177
♪ Smoke ain't makin' me cry,
no, no, no ♪
415
00:28:40,345 --> 00:28:43,765
♪ It's the hurt
you put on me, yeah ♪
416
00:28:53,066 --> 00:28:55,402
We were an old business,
417
00:28:55,485 --> 00:28:57,278
and yet we were a new business.
418
00:28:58,738 --> 00:28:59,864
Things changed,
419
00:28:59,906 --> 00:29:01,700
and they were changing
very fast.
420
00:29:04,035 --> 00:29:06,871
Success forced us
to have accountants,
421
00:29:06,955 --> 00:29:09,749
lawyers, more secretaries,
422
00:29:09,833 --> 00:29:13,712
more offices,
more promotion guys.
423
00:29:13,795 --> 00:29:15,005
We were growing,
424
00:29:15,046 --> 00:29:18,383
and it was not
that same warm family,
425
00:29:18,800 --> 00:29:20,385
every time
you go to the studio
426
00:29:20,427 --> 00:29:24,389
you sit around and everybody
just having a good time.
427
00:29:26,224 --> 00:29:28,059
Al Bell's decisions to expand
428
00:29:28,143 --> 00:29:30,729
have great consequences
as to record sales,
429
00:29:30,812 --> 00:29:34,566
but terrible consequences
in terms of morale.
430
00:29:40,739 --> 00:29:42,365
It got too big.
431
00:29:42,407 --> 00:29:43,992
It got too big,
432
00:29:44,075 --> 00:29:46,578
and I had not as much voice
433
00:29:46,619 --> 00:29:48,288
as I would liked to have.
434
00:29:52,167 --> 00:29:55,045
The company
became corporate.
435
00:29:55,837 --> 00:29:59,883
Mass production,
assembly-line-type feeling.
436
00:30:02,260 --> 00:30:05,013
That whole concept
was so foreign to me,
437
00:30:05,096 --> 00:30:07,265
I just never accepted it.
438
00:30:09,851 --> 00:30:13,855
It was a pain that added
to other pain for me.
439
00:30:15,982 --> 00:30:20,612
I didn't wanna leave.
I had to leave.
440
00:30:22,113 --> 00:30:23,990
I had been Jim's liaison
441
00:30:24,074 --> 00:30:26,159
between him and the musicians.
442
00:30:26,242 --> 00:30:28,578
One, two, three.
443
00:30:28,620 --> 00:30:29,829
And all of a sudden one day,
444
00:30:29,913 --> 00:30:32,082
they got everybody else
making decisions.
445
00:30:33,041 --> 00:30:36,294
He felt that he was
kind of cast aside.
446
00:30:37,671 --> 00:30:39,923
Which is not the case.
447
00:30:41,633 --> 00:30:44,344
Very difficult
for me to leave Stax.
448
00:30:44,886 --> 00:30:46,388
But I knew I had to go.
449
00:30:54,354 --> 00:30:57,065
I had to get rid
of my record shop.
450
00:30:58,400 --> 00:31:02,070
They wanted the space
for their studios,
451
00:31:03,321 --> 00:31:04,864
and, uh...
452
00:31:05,323 --> 00:31:07,033
I don't know. I...
453
00:31:07,826 --> 00:31:10,412
I don't think they wanted me
around anyway.
454
00:31:14,082 --> 00:31:15,917
My sister Estelle,
455
00:31:16,001 --> 00:31:17,669
she and Al had their problems,
456
00:31:17,711 --> 00:31:23,133
and she didn't feel like she had
enough, you know, input.
457
00:31:25,343 --> 00:31:27,721
Al Bell,
there's just so many things
458
00:31:27,804 --> 00:31:29,514
that he disagreed on.
459
00:31:31,224 --> 00:31:33,059
She'd say,
"We need this kind of music.
460
00:31:33,143 --> 00:31:35,020
We don't need any more
of that kind of music.
461
00:31:35,103 --> 00:31:37,022
We're not controlling our thing
462
00:31:37,105 --> 00:31:38,523
and what our thing
should be about."
463
00:31:38,565 --> 00:31:41,484
I think that may have
been the case with Mrs. Axton.
464
00:31:42,861 --> 00:31:44,696
Couldn't sit and do nothing.
465
00:31:45,113 --> 00:31:47,657
I went back in the office.
466
00:31:47,699 --> 00:31:49,701
I even went in the mail room.
467
00:31:50,076 --> 00:31:54,289
But I decided, well, I'll never
have any influence
468
00:31:55,290 --> 00:31:56,458
in the future.
469
00:32:00,712 --> 00:32:03,256
Had to try
to keep peace, you know.
470
00:32:05,800 --> 00:32:07,427
In the end, I made the decision
471
00:32:07,510 --> 00:32:10,597
to ask
that my sister step down.
472
00:32:15,185 --> 00:32:18,271
Al became vice president
of the company,
473
00:32:19,189 --> 00:32:22,067
and he became
an equal shareholder.
474
00:32:25,028 --> 00:32:27,781
Never, in her whole life,
475
00:32:27,864 --> 00:32:30,992
have I ever seen her
so emotionally broken.
476
00:32:31,076 --> 00:32:32,619
It broke her heart.
477
00:32:35,080 --> 00:32:38,083
It was difficult
for the Stax family.
478
00:32:39,584 --> 00:32:44,339
She provided the maternal
support for the organization
479
00:32:45,048 --> 00:32:46,466
from the beginning.
480
00:32:49,135 --> 00:32:52,681
And then she just
boxed up her things
481
00:32:52,764 --> 00:32:54,974
and walked out the door.
482
00:33:00,355 --> 00:33:02,816
When these people
left the company,
483
00:33:02,899 --> 00:33:05,568
there were discomforts
and feelings
484
00:33:05,610 --> 00:33:07,779
amongst the creative people.
485
00:33:07,862 --> 00:33:09,114
And I must tell you,
486
00:33:09,155 --> 00:33:11,616
I don't mean it in a rude,
487
00:33:11,700 --> 00:33:13,493
cold, or insensitive manner,
488
00:33:13,576 --> 00:33:18,456
but we had to continue pursuing
our business objectives.
489
00:33:18,540 --> 00:33:19,916
I had to look forward.
490
00:33:21,334 --> 00:33:23,837
Nation time, it's nation time.
491
00:33:23,920 --> 00:33:25,839
Get up, Diana Ross.
Get up, Jimmie Brown.
492
00:33:25,922 --> 00:33:27,257
It's nation time, build it.
493
00:33:27,298 --> 00:33:29,801
Get up, muffet dragger.
Get up, Rastus, for real.
494
00:33:31,720 --> 00:33:34,347
It's nation time!
495
00:33:34,431 --> 00:33:37,267
♪ It's nation time! ♪
496
00:33:41,563 --> 00:33:43,481
♪ Get up, come along,
come on ♪
497
00:33:43,523 --> 00:33:45,942
♪ And get up
and get down tonight ♪
498
00:33:45,984 --> 00:33:47,819
The world was changing.
499
00:33:47,861 --> 00:33:49,362
♪ And get down, get up... ♪
500
00:33:49,446 --> 00:33:52,741
The problem now
is fundamentally economic.
501
00:33:53,241 --> 00:33:55,827
The solution
is fundamentally economic.
502
00:33:55,910 --> 00:33:58,371
The goal
is fundamentally economic.
503
00:33:58,455 --> 00:34:02,584
There was a growing
sense of Black awareness.
504
00:34:03,168 --> 00:34:06,713
Stax wanted to address
what was happening nationally.
505
00:34:07,589 --> 00:34:10,632
We're one of the few completely
Black-oriented companies
506
00:34:10,675 --> 00:34:11,967
in America today.
507
00:34:12,010 --> 00:34:15,179
Eighty-five to 90%
of our artists are Black.
508
00:34:15,263 --> 00:34:16,973
Our personnel, the same way.
509
00:34:17,014 --> 00:34:18,683
We're researching Black
510
00:34:18,725 --> 00:34:20,810
because that's where
our product is directed.
511
00:34:20,851 --> 00:34:22,187
And we're supported Black.
512
00:34:22,228 --> 00:34:23,897
Remember,
we're talking about
513
00:34:23,980 --> 00:34:25,565
Black consciousness.
514
00:34:25,648 --> 00:34:28,902
We got to build and keep
that dollar in the community.
515
00:34:28,985 --> 00:34:30,152
Do you understand?
516
00:34:30,862 --> 00:34:34,783
We needed someone
to help paint the picture,
517
00:34:34,866 --> 00:34:36,618
to put the package together.
518
00:34:37,202 --> 00:34:40,580
I met a guy in advertising,
519
00:34:42,165 --> 00:34:44,208
Mr. Larry Shaw.
520
00:34:45,543 --> 00:34:50,674
Dad was, at the time,
with an ad agency in Chicago.
521
00:34:51,299 --> 00:34:55,387
His ads were speaking
to Black people.
522
00:34:55,762 --> 00:34:57,305
Speaking in our language.
523
00:34:57,389 --> 00:34:59,099
Hey, aren't you
Frederick Douglass?
524
00:34:59,182 --> 00:35:00,392
Are you gonna
go out into the world
525
00:35:00,433 --> 00:35:01,810
with your hair
looking like that?
526
00:35:01,893 --> 00:35:04,145
Well, Mr. Douglass, you know,
times have changed.
527
00:35:04,229 --> 00:35:05,480
We wear the natural now.
528
00:35:05,563 --> 00:35:08,274
You call that a natural?
That's a mess.
529
00:35:08,858 --> 00:35:12,445
It was uplifting
and culturally relevant.
530
00:35:12,529 --> 00:35:15,073
Man, ain't nobody
gonna believe this!
531
00:35:15,156 --> 00:35:16,866
Very unapologetic.
532
00:35:16,908 --> 00:35:18,535
"This is who we are."
533
00:35:19,536 --> 00:35:24,207
It was just a manifestation
of being Black in America.
534
00:35:25,250 --> 00:35:26,918
He understood
all of the things
535
00:35:27,002 --> 00:35:28,545
that we faced as a people,
536
00:35:28,586 --> 00:35:32,382
and things that could be done
to improve our conditions.
537
00:35:32,924 --> 00:35:34,426
I needed him.
538
00:35:35,260 --> 00:35:37,804
Larry came to Stax Records.
539
00:35:37,887 --> 00:35:40,640
He was ready for us,
and we were ready for him.
540
00:35:43,143 --> 00:35:45,937
We were not apologizing
for who we were.
541
00:35:48,148 --> 00:35:50,275
You could see it in the fabric
542
00:35:50,358 --> 00:35:52,444
of everything
we were doing at Stax.
543
00:35:52,527 --> 00:35:54,821
♪ I know a place ♪
544
00:35:55,280 --> 00:35:56,489
♪ Uh ♪
545
00:35:56,573 --> 00:35:59,242
♪ Ain't nobody cryin' ♪
546
00:36:01,453 --> 00:36:04,664
♪ Ain't nobody worried ♪
547
00:36:04,748 --> 00:36:06,207
♪ No ♪
548
00:36:06,291 --> 00:36:08,626
♪ Ain't no smilin' faces ♪
549
00:36:09,085 --> 00:36:11,129
♪ Mm-mm, no, no ♪
550
00:36:11,171 --> 00:36:13,965
♪ Lyin' to the races ♪
551
00:36:16,926 --> 00:36:18,178
♪ Help me, now ♪
552
00:36:18,261 --> 00:36:19,971
♪ I'll take you there ♪
553
00:36:28,813 --> 00:36:31,441
When I showed up
at Lincoln University,
554
00:36:31,483 --> 00:36:34,110
a Black college
in Pennsylvania,
555
00:36:34,152 --> 00:36:35,653
my classmates acted like
556
00:36:35,737 --> 00:36:38,990
I had just come off
the Underground Railroad.
557
00:36:39,657 --> 00:36:42,160
They'd go,
"Where you from, brother?"
558
00:36:42,243 --> 00:36:44,954
I said "Memphis."
They'd go, "Tennessee?"
559
00:36:45,663 --> 00:36:47,999
It was only basically
three things
560
00:36:48,041 --> 00:36:50,335
that they knew about Memphis:
561
00:36:50,377 --> 00:36:53,171
Dr. King's assassination,
562
00:36:53,213 --> 00:36:54,756
Elvis,
563
00:36:55,799 --> 00:36:58,343
and they knew about Stax.
564
00:37:05,684 --> 00:37:10,313
You would bring your girlfriend
over to the dorm room,
565
00:37:10,355 --> 00:37:14,567
and the universal signal
for your roommate
566
00:37:15,110 --> 00:37:18,363
that work was going on
inside the room
567
00:37:18,446 --> 00:37:21,866
was Isaac on the stereo.
568
00:37:22,867 --> 00:37:25,537
If you had the misfortune
of hearing Isaac
569
00:37:25,578 --> 00:37:27,914
coming up under the door,
570
00:37:28,998 --> 00:37:31,501
find somewhere else to sleep.
571
00:37:32,919 --> 00:37:35,213
By my junior year,
572
00:37:35,255 --> 00:37:38,133
you couldn't go
in a dorm room,
573
00:37:38,216 --> 00:37:39,759
not one...
574
00:37:40,844 --> 00:37:45,598
if they had anything
on the wall, it was Isaac.
575
00:37:53,440 --> 00:37:56,609
When Isaac Hayes
walked on the stage,
576
00:37:57,235 --> 00:37:59,446
just set 'em on fire.
577
00:38:03,074 --> 00:38:04,993
People went crazy.
578
00:38:14,252 --> 00:38:16,046
I grew up really poor.
579
00:38:18,298 --> 00:38:20,633
And my grandparents raised me.
580
00:38:23,970 --> 00:38:27,640
I can remember segregation
581
00:38:29,267 --> 00:38:31,436
and sitting
in the back of the bus,
582
00:38:31,603 --> 00:38:33,605
sitting in the crow's nest
in the movie.
583
00:38:37,108 --> 00:38:38,818
Colored and white fountains.
584
00:38:41,946 --> 00:38:43,656
I had to live with that.
585
00:38:45,241 --> 00:38:46,826
Didn't like it.
586
00:38:50,330 --> 00:38:52,457
I started wearing these chains.
587
00:38:53,375 --> 00:38:59,297
What once represented bondage
and captivity to a Black man,
588
00:38:59,339 --> 00:39:01,091
it represents strength.
589
00:39:01,966 --> 00:39:03,885
I wore it with pride.
590
00:39:06,596 --> 00:39:09,265
And it meant something
to Black people.
591
00:39:11,518 --> 00:39:13,853
Ladies and gentlemen...
592
00:39:19,818 --> 00:39:23,238
The name, Black Moses,
just caught on like wildfire.
593
00:39:26,199 --> 00:39:27,909
Look at that.
594
00:39:31,121 --> 00:39:32,789
-Look at that.
595
00:39:32,831 --> 00:39:36,668
Is this the start of
a Black Moses movement or what?
596
00:39:42,716 --> 00:39:46,761
It thrust me out
in the national spotlight.
597
00:39:51,182 --> 00:39:55,020
There was a meeting at MGM
and they were talking about,
598
00:39:55,061 --> 00:39:58,898
why not aim a movie to
the Black consumer market
599
00:39:58,982 --> 00:40:02,360
with a Black director,
leading actor,
600
00:40:02,444 --> 00:40:05,488
editor, a Black composer,
601
00:40:05,530 --> 00:40:07,407
and my name was brought up.
602
00:40:09,367 --> 00:40:12,871
Isaac
and Gordon Parks and Al Bell
603
00:40:12,954 --> 00:40:17,542
came in the studio to introduce
the band to the project.
604
00:40:17,959 --> 00:40:20,295
We watched the opening footage
of Shaft
605
00:40:20,378 --> 00:40:22,714
on this little Moviola machine.
606
00:40:23,548 --> 00:40:25,258
"All right,
all y'all gather around me."
607
00:40:25,342 --> 00:40:28,553
So all our heads were pushed
to look at that little screen.
608
00:40:28,595 --> 00:40:31,556
Now the sequence we saw
this morning, Times Square,
609
00:40:31,639 --> 00:40:33,224
panned in off the skyscrapers
610
00:40:33,266 --> 00:40:35,352
along 42nd Street,
over the marquees.
611
00:40:35,393 --> 00:40:37,771
And when Shaft pops up
out of that subway,
612
00:40:37,854 --> 00:40:39,814
that's when this
should really come on.
613
00:40:39,898 --> 00:40:42,192
When Isaac said, "Hey man, we're
gonna start playing right here."
614
00:40:42,233 --> 00:40:45,695
He said, "Clarence," he said,
"Watch Roundtree's feet."
615
00:40:45,737 --> 00:40:48,823
He said, "I want you to give me
some 16ths to that tempo."
616
00:40:49,616 --> 00:40:51,409
So I'd start watching, and I...
617
00:41:20,438 --> 00:41:22,982
"Shaft," I mean,
it just was amazing.
618
00:41:23,066 --> 00:41:24,609
That's all I can say.
619
00:41:27,904 --> 00:41:30,281
-Yeah, that's what I wanted.
620
00:41:30,365 --> 00:41:32,409
And the 16ths
was perfect
621
00:41:32,450 --> 00:41:33,743
for what was needed there.
622
00:41:33,785 --> 00:41:35,370
That was great
for that Shaft walk.
623
00:41:35,453 --> 00:41:38,498
-Uh-huh.
-Isaac Hayes, genius.
624
00:41:42,460 --> 00:41:43,795
Shaft.
625
00:41:43,837 --> 00:41:46,131
Hotter than Bond,
cooler than Bullitt.
626
00:41:47,549 --> 00:41:48,633
Rated R.
627
00:41:48,717 --> 00:41:51,052
If you want to see Shaft,
628
00:41:51,136 --> 00:41:52,846
ask your momma.
629
00:41:53,555 --> 00:41:55,640
We advertised
on Black radio,
630
00:41:55,724 --> 00:41:59,144
on Top 40 radio,
on mainstream radio,
631
00:41:59,227 --> 00:42:00,395
in the newspapers,
632
00:42:00,478 --> 00:42:03,148
and we blew up
in the marketplace,
633
00:42:03,231 --> 00:42:05,275
-I gotta tell you.
-Shaft!
634
00:42:06,109 --> 00:42:09,863
After we had won a Grammy,
I wanted to ensure
635
00:42:09,946 --> 00:42:14,492
that Isaac got the creative
recognition that he deserved.
636
00:42:18,788 --> 00:42:20,749
I said, "What we gotta do is,
637
00:42:20,832 --> 00:42:22,625
we gotta figure out a way
638
00:42:22,667 --> 00:42:27,339
to ensure that Isaac Hayes
gets an Oscar nomination."
639
00:42:28,840 --> 00:42:30,717
I mean, that's the ultimate.
640
00:42:32,427 --> 00:42:34,721
But my friend Quincy Jones
told me,
641
00:42:34,804 --> 00:42:36,848
"Al, you're gonna have
a problem
642
00:42:36,890 --> 00:42:40,518
because those guys
that make those nominations, Al,
643
00:42:40,560 --> 00:42:42,312
they're long-haired white guys.
644
00:42:42,354 --> 00:42:44,356
I don't know how
you're gonna do it,
645
00:42:44,439 --> 00:42:45,690
but you're gonna have
to do something
646
00:42:45,732 --> 00:42:49,235
to cause those guys
that make the decisions
647
00:42:49,319 --> 00:42:50,945
to even consider 'Shaft.'"
648
00:42:51,446 --> 00:42:53,156
Shaft is a bad mother...
649
00:42:53,198 --> 00:42:54,199
Shut yo' mouth.
650
00:42:54,657 --> 00:42:56,034
I said,
"Let's figure out
651
00:42:56,076 --> 00:42:58,161
what we have to do to appeal
to white people."
652
00:42:59,412 --> 00:43:01,373
I took it on as a challenge.
653
00:43:01,831 --> 00:43:04,668
The first thing we did
was determine the names
654
00:43:04,709 --> 00:43:08,129
of all those people that
would be making that decision
655
00:43:08,213 --> 00:43:11,549
and check what radio stations
did they listen to.
656
00:43:12,050 --> 00:43:15,720
We went in and bought time
on all of those radio stations,
657
00:43:15,762 --> 00:43:17,263
heavy rotation.
658
00:43:17,347 --> 00:43:22,018
And then we got Sammy Davis Jr.
to record "Shaft."
659
00:43:22,435 --> 00:43:27,107
♪ Yeah, he's bad, bad, bad,
bad, bad, bad, bad ♪
660
00:43:27,190 --> 00:43:30,568
♪ Bad, bad, bad, bad,
bad, bad, bad ♪
661
00:43:31,027 --> 00:43:34,614
♪ Bad, bad, bad, bad,
bad, bad, bad ♪
662
00:43:35,323 --> 00:43:38,368
So we had people talking
about it in the industry.
663
00:43:41,204 --> 00:43:44,332
But I kept hearing, "It's Black,
it's Black, it's Black."
664
00:43:44,416 --> 00:43:48,211
So we needed to do
something unique
665
00:43:48,253 --> 00:43:51,756
to try to put
a white perspective on "Shaft."
666
00:43:52,757 --> 00:43:57,262
We found out Pasadena
City College marching band
667
00:43:57,303 --> 00:43:59,597
plays on the Rose Bowl.
668
00:44:17,073 --> 00:44:19,451
So all of a sudden now,
"Shaft" isn't so Black.
669
00:44:19,534 --> 00:44:20,869
And it worked.
670
00:44:21,870 --> 00:44:25,081
So we get a nomination.
Fabulous.
671
00:44:25,123 --> 00:44:30,587
And I ask for Isaac Hayes
to perform on Oscar Awards.
672
00:44:30,628 --> 00:44:32,464
And they said, "No, we don't...
673
00:44:32,505 --> 00:44:34,007
we don't have
any available time."
674
00:44:34,090 --> 00:44:37,844
I said, "Listen, if we can't
work out an arrangement
675
00:44:37,927 --> 00:44:41,139
to get Isaac Hayes
on there live, performing,
676
00:44:41,222 --> 00:44:46,644
I'm gonna come and go downstairs
in front of your building,
677
00:44:46,686 --> 00:44:48,146
call a press conference,
678
00:44:48,188 --> 00:44:49,898
and tell these people
in the press
679
00:44:49,981 --> 00:44:51,316
that y'all are racist."
680
00:44:51,399 --> 00:44:53,943
They said, "Al, you wouldn't
do that, would you?"
681
00:44:53,985 --> 00:44:56,363
I said, uh, "Yeah, I'll do that
682
00:44:56,446 --> 00:44:58,573
unless we can work out some
kind of understanding
683
00:44:58,656 --> 00:44:59,657
on getting Isaac Hayes."
684
00:44:59,699 --> 00:45:00,825
"Al, we don't have the budget."
685
00:45:00,909 --> 00:45:02,494
I said,
"We'll pay for everything
686
00:45:02,535 --> 00:45:03,745
that has to be paid for."
687
00:45:03,828 --> 00:45:07,123
"If you'll pay for it, Al,
we'll do it."
688
00:45:07,165 --> 00:45:08,291
Live,
689
00:45:08,333 --> 00:45:12,170
the 44th Annual
Academy Awards presentation.
690
00:45:12,754 --> 00:45:15,090
Isaac came down,
playing his organ
691
00:45:15,173 --> 00:45:17,467
with smoke coming up
all around him.
692
00:45:18,051 --> 00:45:19,886
♪ Who's the Black
private dick ♪
693
00:45:19,969 --> 00:45:22,847
♪ That's a sex machine
to all the chicks? ♪
694
00:45:22,889 --> 00:45:25,767
-♪ Shaft! ♪
-♪ You're damn right ♪
695
00:45:26,351 --> 00:45:28,186
And the winner is...
696
00:45:30,522 --> 00:45:32,732
Isaac Hayes,
"Theme From Shaft."
697
00:45:33,525 --> 00:45:36,361
♪ Who is the man
that would risk his neck ♪
698
00:45:36,444 --> 00:45:38,113
♪ For his brother man? ♪
699
00:45:38,655 --> 00:45:40,365
♪ Shaft! ♪
700
00:45:40,407 --> 00:45:41,574
♪ Can you dig it? ♪
701
00:45:53,294 --> 00:45:55,505
I would like to thank
the Academy.
702
00:45:56,798 --> 00:45:59,092
And I would like to thank
the Stax organization
703
00:45:59,175 --> 00:46:03,430
for encouraging me
to score a motion picture.
704
00:46:04,264 --> 00:46:05,515
Most of all,
705
00:46:05,557 --> 00:46:08,601
I would like to thank a lady
who's here with me tonight
706
00:46:09,185 --> 00:46:14,399
because years ago,
her path and her prayers
707
00:46:14,441 --> 00:46:18,069
kept my feet
on the path of righteousness,
708
00:46:18,111 --> 00:46:20,196
and that's my grandmother,
and...
709
00:46:20,280 --> 00:46:21,948
this is a thrill for me.
710
00:46:22,032 --> 00:46:25,702
And also, a few days
is her 80th birthday, and I...
711
00:46:25,744 --> 00:46:27,662
this is her present from me.
712
00:46:27,746 --> 00:46:29,414
-Thank you.
713
00:46:34,294 --> 00:46:37,088
Isaac is the first
Black songwriter
714
00:46:37,130 --> 00:46:39,632
to ever win an Academy Award,
715
00:46:40,425 --> 00:46:43,595
and it takes him
to a level of superstardom
716
00:46:43,636 --> 00:46:49,017
that probably no other Black
artist had at that moment.
717
00:46:50,518 --> 00:46:53,772
I told Isaac, "I'm gonna
advertise in the newspapers,
718
00:46:53,813 --> 00:46:56,316
I'm gonna advertise
on radio and television
719
00:46:56,399 --> 00:46:58,193
that Isaac Hayes is coming
720
00:46:58,276 --> 00:47:00,612
to give the Oscar
back to the people."
721
00:47:00,987 --> 00:47:03,156
Can you imagine the impact
and effect it had?
722
00:47:11,122 --> 00:47:13,833
Oh my goodness,
you should see the kids
723
00:47:13,917 --> 00:47:16,711
when they would
see Isaac pull up.
724
00:47:16,795 --> 00:47:19,422
Oh man, they would go...
come running.
725
00:47:20,965 --> 00:47:24,594
They would be at the fence
looking at the car.
726
00:47:26,471 --> 00:47:29,641
And nobody had ever seen
anything like it before.
727
00:47:30,725 --> 00:47:34,062
When I moved to Memphis
and was writing my book,
728
00:47:34,145 --> 00:47:37,023
I met a gentleman
who worked as a fireman.
729
00:47:37,982 --> 00:47:39,776
He told me how, as a kid,
730
00:47:39,818 --> 00:47:41,861
his mom would walk him to school
731
00:47:41,945 --> 00:47:44,280
and they would go by Stax
every day.
732
00:47:44,322 --> 00:47:49,661
His mother made a point of it,
that this was who you could be.
733
00:47:49,744 --> 00:47:51,329
These were Black people,
734
00:47:51,413 --> 00:47:53,415
Black people
from our neighborhood.
735
00:47:56,501 --> 00:47:58,294
This was success.
736
00:48:01,464 --> 00:48:03,299
Again, I thank
the city of Memphis,
737
00:48:03,341 --> 00:48:06,177
and I'm proud to represent
the city of Memphis,
738
00:48:06,845 --> 00:48:08,304
Black and white.
739
00:48:08,346 --> 00:48:09,889
And we should take it
upon ourselves
740
00:48:09,973 --> 00:48:14,185
to be the model city
which we say we are.
741
00:48:14,811 --> 00:48:16,438
If there be more,
742
00:48:17,355 --> 00:48:21,276
I shall go out
and try to spread the goodwill
743
00:48:21,693 --> 00:48:23,194
and the good word
744
00:48:23,278 --> 00:48:28,116
through the universal language
of music.
745
00:48:28,199 --> 00:48:30,577
-♪ Yeah ♪
746
00:48:30,660 --> 00:48:33,038
♪ Respect yourself ♪
747
00:48:33,121 --> 00:48:34,831
♪ Mm-mm, yeah ♪
748
00:48:34,873 --> 00:48:37,167
♪ Respect yourself ♪
749
00:48:37,208 --> 00:48:40,837
♪ Yeah, respect yourself ♪
750
00:48:41,379 --> 00:48:45,133
♪ You, you, you, you
respect yourself ♪
751
00:48:46,051 --> 00:48:47,886
♪ Di-di-di-di ♪
752
00:48:47,969 --> 00:48:51,389
♪ If you don't
respect yourself ♪
753
00:48:51,431 --> 00:48:55,393
♪ Ain't nobody gonna
give a good cahoot ♪
754
00:48:55,477 --> 00:48:59,022
-♪ Na-na-na-na-na-na ♪
-♪ Respect yourself ♪
755
00:48:59,064 --> 00:49:01,566
♪ Na-na-na-na-na ♪
756
00:49:01,608 --> 00:49:02,901
♪ Respect yourself ♪
757
00:49:02,984 --> 00:49:05,904
♪ Di-di-di-di ♪
758
00:49:05,987 --> 00:49:07,739
♪ Respect yourself ♪
759
00:49:07,781 --> 00:49:11,910
-♪ Na-na-na-na-na ♪
-♪ You, respect yourself ♪
760
00:49:11,993 --> 00:49:13,912
♪ Di-di-di-di ♪
761
00:49:13,995 --> 00:49:16,247
♪ Respect yourself ♪
762
00:49:16,289 --> 00:49:18,249
♪ Na-na-na-na-na ♪
763
00:49:18,333 --> 00:49:20,502
♪ Respect yourself ♪
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00:49:20,585 --> 00:49:22,712
♪ Di-di-di-di ♪
765
00:49:22,754 --> 00:49:24,756
♪ Respect yourself ♪
766
00:49:24,839 --> 00:49:28,843
-♪ Na-na-na-na-na ♪
-♪ I mean, respect yourself ♪
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