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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:53,764 --> 00:00:57,646 - I pity a country that would come up against us. 2 00:00:57,646 --> 00:01:00,744 The synergy with air, land, and sea forces 3 00:01:00,744 --> 00:01:03,899 and our ability to control the battle space 4 00:01:03,899 --> 00:01:06,891 and seize the high ground is devastating. 5 00:01:06,891 --> 00:01:09,968 All countries respect the power of the United States 6 00:01:09,968 --> 00:01:12,831 and they respect how dominant we are in this region. 7 00:01:12,831 --> 00:01:16,164 And we get better and better and better. 8 00:01:32,616 --> 00:01:33,449 - Tonight to ten, 9 00:01:33,449 --> 00:01:36,374 a rare glimpse of China's ambitious expansion 10 00:01:36,374 --> 00:01:39,229 in one of the world's most contested regions. 11 00:01:39,229 --> 00:01:41,097 We report from the South China Sea, 12 00:01:41,097 --> 00:01:42,998 where the Chinese are warning off anyone 13 00:01:42,998 --> 00:01:46,282 who comes too close to their building program. 14 00:01:46,282 --> 00:01:47,315 - We continue our look this morning 15 00:01:47,315 --> 00:01:49,689 at what China does not want you to see. 16 00:01:49,689 --> 00:01:51,287 The United States says the superpower 17 00:01:51,287 --> 00:01:54,513 is reclaiming land in the South China Sea. 18 00:01:54,513 --> 00:01:56,654 - The fact that we're dealing with a situation right now 19 00:01:56,654 --> 00:02:00,053 where we, the US, has to be much more aggressive 20 00:02:00,053 --> 00:02:01,789 in dealing with the Chinese government. 21 00:02:01,789 --> 00:02:03,211 - CNN has learned that the US Navy 22 00:02:03,211 --> 00:02:05,043 is about to send a destroyer there. 23 00:02:05,043 --> 00:02:06,963 Let's go to our CNN chief-- 24 00:02:06,963 --> 00:02:09,149 - CNN got exclusive access to classified 25 00:02:09,149 --> 00:02:13,327 US surveillance flights over the islands. 26 00:02:13,327 --> 00:02:16,969 - The threat of China is becoming big news. 27 00:02:16,969 --> 00:02:19,875 The media is beating the drums of war 28 00:02:19,875 --> 00:02:23,190 as the world is being primed to regard China 29 00:02:23,190 --> 00:02:25,166 as a new enemy. 30 00:02:25,166 --> 00:02:26,425 - China's alarming creation of 31 00:02:26,425 --> 00:02:29,353 entirely new territory in the South China Sea 32 00:02:29,353 --> 00:02:31,623 is one part of a broader military push 33 00:02:31,623 --> 00:02:36,149 that some fear is to challenge US dominance in the region. 34 00:02:36,149 --> 00:02:37,994 - China is building airstrips 35 00:02:37,994 --> 00:02:41,743 in the South China Sea on disputed islands 36 00:02:41,743 --> 00:02:45,491 condemned by an international tribunal. 37 00:02:45,491 --> 00:02:47,983 This is now a flashpoint for war 38 00:02:47,983 --> 00:02:50,150 between China and America. 39 00:02:52,340 --> 00:02:56,507 What is not news is that China itself is under threat. 40 00:02:57,860 --> 00:03:01,118 These American bases form a giant noose, 41 00:03:01,118 --> 00:03:05,285 encircling China with missiles, bombers, warships. 42 00:03:06,165 --> 00:03:09,372 All the way from Australia through the Pacific, 43 00:03:09,372 --> 00:03:11,039 to Asia, and beyond. 44 00:03:12,935 --> 00:03:15,341 - If you were in Beijing looking out, 45 00:03:15,341 --> 00:03:17,491 you stood on the tallest building in Beijing 46 00:03:17,491 --> 00:03:19,256 and looked out at the Pacific Ocean, 47 00:03:19,256 --> 00:03:21,919 you'd see American warships. 48 00:03:21,919 --> 00:03:23,651 You'd see Guam is about to sink 49 00:03:23,651 --> 00:03:26,470 because there's so many missiles pointed at China. 50 00:03:26,470 --> 00:03:27,859 You'd look up at Korea and see 51 00:03:27,859 --> 00:03:30,385 American armaments pointing at China. 52 00:03:30,385 --> 00:03:34,063 You'd see Japan, which is basically, 53 00:03:34,063 --> 00:03:36,958 Japan's a glove over the American fist. 54 00:03:36,958 --> 00:03:40,298 I think if I was Chinese, I'd have a little to worry about 55 00:03:40,298 --> 00:03:42,629 about American aggressiveness. 56 00:03:42,629 --> 00:03:44,764 - And we have China surrounded 57 00:03:44,764 --> 00:03:46,995 and we're doing more all the time to try and 58 00:03:46,995 --> 00:03:51,162 keep it surrounded and deepen that containment of China. 59 00:03:52,125 --> 00:03:54,143 But China presents a fascinating case 60 00:03:54,143 --> 00:03:56,297 of a country that is independent, 61 00:03:56,297 --> 00:03:59,995 doesn't have foreign bases on its territory, 62 00:03:59,995 --> 00:04:01,027 growing very rapidly, 63 00:04:01,027 --> 00:04:03,906 not as rapidly now as it did for 30 years, 64 00:04:03,906 --> 00:04:07,720 but still the second-ranking economy in the world. 65 00:04:07,720 --> 00:04:09,482 - We have an adversary 66 00:04:09,482 --> 00:04:12,818 and that adversary is China and that adversary, 67 00:04:12,818 --> 00:04:16,067 unless there is dramatic reform inside China, 68 00:04:16,067 --> 00:04:18,234 will be our enemy someday. 69 00:04:19,152 --> 00:04:23,747 - One myth I think really needs to be dispelled 70 00:04:23,747 --> 00:04:27,918 is that somehow China's aiming to replace America 71 00:04:27,918 --> 00:04:32,186 and gonna run the world. 72 00:04:32,186 --> 00:04:34,570 First of all, the Chinese are not that stupid. 73 00:04:34,570 --> 00:04:37,487 The West, with its Christian roots, 74 00:04:40,269 --> 00:04:44,436 are about converting other people into their beliefs. 75 00:04:46,137 --> 00:04:48,552 The Chinese are not about that. 76 00:04:48,552 --> 00:04:51,893 Again, I'm not degrading the Western culture. 77 00:04:51,893 --> 00:04:54,145 I'm just pointing out the inherent nature, 78 00:04:54,145 --> 00:04:56,287 the DNA's of two different cultures. 79 00:04:56,287 --> 00:04:59,905 The Chinese 2000 years ago built the Great Wall 80 00:04:59,905 --> 00:05:03,822 to keep the barbarians out, not to invade them. 81 00:05:04,918 --> 00:05:06,654 - As the world's economic power 82 00:05:06,654 --> 00:05:11,021 moves rapidly to Asia, the response of the Untied States 83 00:05:11,021 --> 00:05:15,999 is to deploy the majority of its naval forces to Asia 84 00:05:15,999 --> 00:05:17,877 and the Pacific. 85 00:05:17,877 --> 00:05:22,304 This massive military buildup is known in Washington as 86 00:05:22,304 --> 00:05:23,971 the "Pivot to Asia." 87 00:05:24,880 --> 00:05:26,547 The target is China. 88 00:05:30,276 --> 00:05:33,460 The great power game in the 21st century 89 00:05:33,460 --> 00:05:35,460 is called perpetual war. 90 00:05:38,249 --> 00:05:41,606 For America's unchallenged arms industry, 91 00:05:41,606 --> 00:05:44,808 the annual prize is huge profits 92 00:05:44,808 --> 00:05:48,975 from almost 600 billion dollars of military spending. 93 00:05:51,784 --> 00:05:54,538 - Once an imaginary weapon on Star Wars, 94 00:05:54,538 --> 00:05:57,379 the electromagnetic gun is now reality. 95 00:05:57,379 --> 00:05:58,740 - You're sitting here thinking about these 96 00:05:58,740 --> 00:06:01,102 next-generation and futuristic ideas 97 00:06:01,102 --> 00:06:04,015 and we've got scientists who have designed these 98 00:06:04,015 --> 00:06:06,015 and it's coming to life. 99 00:06:07,354 --> 00:06:11,883 - And the smartest weapons need enemies. 100 00:06:11,883 --> 00:06:13,833 - As a Pacific nation, the United States 101 00:06:13,833 --> 00:06:16,712 will play a larger and long-term role 102 00:06:16,712 --> 00:06:19,170 in shaping this region and its future. 103 00:06:19,170 --> 00:06:20,898 I have directed my national security team 104 00:06:20,898 --> 00:06:24,247 to make our presence and mission in the Asian-Pacific 105 00:06:24,247 --> 00:06:25,497 a top priority. 106 00:06:26,561 --> 00:06:30,925 - In one sense, is the US already at war with China? 107 00:06:30,925 --> 00:06:32,060 - Yes. 108 00:06:32,060 --> 00:06:34,090 On the ground and in the air. 109 00:06:34,090 --> 00:06:37,783 The winner of the Nobel Peace Prize, President Barack Obama, 110 00:06:37,783 --> 00:06:39,848 has committed to trillions 111 00:06:39,848 --> 00:06:43,476 of dollars to our nuclear arsenal. 112 00:06:43,476 --> 00:06:46,692 He's committing trillions of future dollars 113 00:06:46,692 --> 00:06:50,768 to war in space and we need an enemy for all this money 114 00:06:50,768 --> 00:06:53,268 and China's the perfect enemy. 115 00:06:58,427 --> 00:07:02,486 - The aim of this film is to break a silence. 116 00:07:02,486 --> 00:07:06,410 The United States and China may well be on a path to war 117 00:07:06,410 --> 00:07:10,211 and nuclear war is no longer unthinkable. 118 00:07:10,211 --> 00:07:12,447 In a few years, China has become the world's 119 00:07:12,447 --> 00:07:15,449 second biggest economic power. 120 00:07:15,449 --> 00:07:18,488 The United States is the world's biggest military power, 121 00:07:18,488 --> 00:07:21,072 with bases and missiles and ships 122 00:07:21,072 --> 00:07:24,417 covering every continent, every ocean. 123 00:07:24,417 --> 00:07:27,784 China is a threat to this dominance, says Washington, 124 00:07:27,784 --> 00:07:30,127 but who is the threat? 125 00:07:30,127 --> 00:07:34,445 This film is about shifting power and great danger. 126 00:07:34,445 --> 00:07:36,899 It's also a film about the human spirit 127 00:07:36,899 --> 00:07:40,742 and the rise of an extraordinary resistance among people 128 00:07:40,742 --> 00:07:42,772 on the front line of a coming war 129 00:07:42,772 --> 00:07:46,552 where the words "never again" have an urgent meaning 130 00:07:46,552 --> 00:07:48,498 for all of us. 131 00:07:56,833 --> 00:07:58,490 - This is Bikini, 132 00:07:58,490 --> 00:08:01,679 the rim of an ancient underwater volcano 133 00:08:01,679 --> 00:08:04,103 in the Marshall Islands. 134 00:08:04,103 --> 00:08:07,164 With its necklace of 23 islands, 135 00:08:07,164 --> 00:08:11,331 Bikini is a place of beauty and silence and menace. 136 00:08:16,424 --> 00:08:19,096 Look closely where the Emerald Lagoon 137 00:08:19,096 --> 00:08:22,912 suddenly falls into a vast black hole. 138 00:08:22,912 --> 00:08:24,037 This is the crater of one of 139 00:08:24,037 --> 00:08:27,175 the greatest manmade explosions, 140 00:08:27,175 --> 00:08:30,008 the hydrogen bomb they call Bravo. 141 00:08:31,076 --> 00:08:33,632 It vaporized an entire island 142 00:08:33,632 --> 00:08:37,782 and poisoned almost everything and everyone. 143 00:08:37,782 --> 00:08:41,949 As our plane flew low, we seemed to touch its deathly void. 144 00:08:56,432 --> 00:09:00,332 The Marshall Islands lie in the vast Pacific Ocean 145 00:09:00,332 --> 00:09:03,440 between the United States and Asia. 146 00:09:03,440 --> 00:09:06,792 Captured from the Japanese in World War Two, 147 00:09:06,792 --> 00:09:10,082 they've long been America's strategic secret, 148 00:09:10,082 --> 00:09:13,249 it's stepping stone to Asia and China. 149 00:09:20,020 --> 00:09:24,697 People here sustain themselves for thousands of years 150 00:09:24,697 --> 00:09:28,447 with abundant fish, breadfruit, and coconuts. 151 00:09:32,178 --> 00:09:36,345 They were skilled navigators who sailed by the stars. 152 00:09:37,678 --> 00:09:40,678 Westerners might call this paradise. 153 00:10:03,169 --> 00:10:05,572 All that changed in 1946 154 00:10:05,572 --> 00:10:09,000 when the United States took over the Marshall Islands 155 00:10:09,000 --> 00:10:12,479 as a Trust Territory with an obligation 156 00:10:12,479 --> 00:10:16,646 to protect the health and wellbeing of the people. 157 00:10:18,786 --> 00:10:20,694 A nightmare began. 158 00:10:20,694 --> 00:10:23,294 The islands were turned into a laboratory 159 00:10:23,294 --> 00:10:25,866 for the testing of nuclear weapons 160 00:10:25,866 --> 00:10:28,533 and the people into guinea pigs. 161 00:10:32,388 --> 00:10:34,802 - Crossroads, scene 24, take two. 162 00:10:36,355 --> 00:10:38,204 - In this propaganda film, 163 00:10:38,204 --> 00:10:41,824 the Bikini islanders are being deceived. 164 00:10:41,824 --> 00:10:45,913 Unknown to them, plans were already underway 165 00:10:45,913 --> 00:10:48,746 to destroy their paradise forever. 166 00:10:50,001 --> 00:10:54,409 - Will you ask King Judah that the United States government 167 00:10:54,409 --> 00:10:58,106 now wants to attempt to turn this great, 168 00:10:58,106 --> 00:11:02,189 destructive force into something good for mankind 169 00:11:03,157 --> 00:11:05,977 and that these experiments here at Bikini 170 00:11:05,977 --> 00:11:09,099 are the first step in that direction. 171 00:11:15,345 --> 00:11:16,178 Tell them that's fine, 172 00:11:16,178 --> 00:11:20,375 everything being in God's hands, it must be good. 173 00:11:27,148 --> 00:11:29,261 - 87 ships take position three miles 174 00:11:29,261 --> 00:11:31,738 off Bikini to suffer the shattering impact 175 00:11:31,738 --> 00:11:34,205 of the fifth atomic bomb. 176 00:11:34,205 --> 00:11:36,019 - An armada of warships 177 00:11:36,019 --> 00:11:38,519 was assembled in Bikini Lagoon 178 00:11:39,432 --> 00:11:42,220 in order to blow them to bits. 179 00:11:50,673 --> 00:11:52,357 - The decks of the 73 test ships 180 00:11:52,357 --> 00:11:54,152 anchored in Bikini Lagoon 181 00:11:54,152 --> 00:11:55,972 are scenes of feverish activity 182 00:11:55,972 --> 00:11:58,863 as scientists plot experimental programs 183 00:11:58,863 --> 00:12:00,823 designed to furnish data on blast effects 184 00:12:00,823 --> 00:12:02,896 of the mighty atom bomb. 185 00:12:02,896 --> 00:12:03,729 Animals of many kinds-- 186 00:12:03,729 --> 00:12:05,916 - Animals were strapped to the decks 187 00:12:05,916 --> 00:12:08,166 like a perverse Noah's Ark. 188 00:12:09,336 --> 00:12:12,291 The experiment was to see how they died, 189 00:12:12,291 --> 00:12:13,624 how they burned. 190 00:12:15,755 --> 00:12:17,134 - Special ointments are applied 191 00:12:17,134 --> 00:12:19,586 to determine their protective quality. 192 00:12:19,586 --> 00:12:21,275 Other parts of the exposed areas 193 00:12:21,275 --> 00:12:24,323 are being left bare to the atom blasts. 194 00:12:24,323 --> 00:12:26,988 - Three, two, one. 195 00:13:55,788 --> 00:13:57,487 - Being on Bikini today 196 00:13:57,487 --> 00:13:59,237 is disturbing ghosts. 197 00:14:00,320 --> 00:14:02,671 I struggle through the jungle to the bunker 198 00:14:02,671 --> 00:14:06,252 where they pressed the button at 6:45 on the morning 199 00:14:06,252 --> 00:14:07,835 of the H-Bomb test. 200 00:14:11,241 --> 00:14:13,494 Now claimed by the undergrowth, 201 00:14:13,494 --> 00:14:17,494 it's like a subterranean temple to modern times. 202 00:14:20,158 --> 00:14:22,854 They drank Milk Maid Powdered Milk, 203 00:14:22,854 --> 00:14:25,580 smoked Lucky Strike Cigarettes, 204 00:14:25,580 --> 00:14:30,531 and later this sign was erected that's beyond irony. 205 00:14:30,531 --> 00:14:31,802 It says, 206 00:14:31,802 --> 00:14:34,863 "Please leave this property as you find it, 207 00:14:34,863 --> 00:14:38,863 "thank you for your kindness and understanding." 208 00:14:52,223 --> 00:14:54,374 - The Momselles give their all for their art 209 00:14:54,374 --> 00:14:55,308 and you can just bet 210 00:14:55,308 --> 00:14:58,950 that audience is giving with the wolf calls. 211 00:14:58,950 --> 00:15:01,066 - The bikini, named after 212 00:15:01,066 --> 00:15:03,342 the atomic explosion in the Pacific. 213 00:15:03,342 --> 00:15:05,872 The bikini was an explosion everywhere. 214 00:15:05,872 --> 00:15:10,602 - In 1946, the bikini swimsuit was launched 215 00:15:10,602 --> 00:15:13,564 to celebrate the nuclear explosions 216 00:15:13,564 --> 00:15:17,167 that had destroyed life on Bikini Island. 217 00:15:17,167 --> 00:15:20,168 The inventor of the bikini, a Frenchman, 218 00:15:20,168 --> 00:15:21,585 made his fortune. 219 00:15:22,814 --> 00:15:27,133 Today a bikini body is promoted in magazines 220 00:15:27,133 --> 00:15:30,383 as an object of desire and good health. 221 00:15:32,320 --> 00:15:35,471 The bodies of the people of Bikini and other islands 222 00:15:35,471 --> 00:15:38,571 are the most irradiated in the world. 223 00:15:38,571 --> 00:15:41,904 All these women have had thyroid cancer. 224 00:16:16,744 --> 00:16:20,618 Today, Bikini is unfit for human life. 225 00:16:20,618 --> 00:16:24,370 Radiation poisons the food and water, 226 00:16:24,370 --> 00:16:29,226 and issues registered unsafe on a Geiger Counter. 227 00:16:29,226 --> 00:16:31,722 The abandoned cemetery looks out to where 228 00:16:31,722 --> 00:16:35,721 the sun rose one morning, then rose again 229 00:16:35,721 --> 00:16:36,888 as apocalypse. 230 00:16:39,969 --> 00:16:43,033 The equivalent of one Hiroshima bomb 231 00:16:43,033 --> 00:16:45,723 was exploded in these islands 232 00:16:45,723 --> 00:16:47,556 everyday for 12 years. 233 00:16:52,418 --> 00:16:55,759 A scarred beauty has returned to the island 234 00:16:55,759 --> 00:16:57,676 but the people haven't. 235 00:16:58,728 --> 00:17:03,385 Exiled to barren islands, many of them starved. 236 00:17:03,385 --> 00:17:07,563 In 1968, President Lyndon Johnson told them 237 00:17:07,563 --> 00:17:09,480 it was safe to go home. 238 00:17:14,627 --> 00:17:16,396 But it wasn't safe. 239 00:17:16,396 --> 00:17:19,979 And the US authorities knew it wasn't safe. 240 00:17:42,146 --> 00:17:45,585 - What happened as a result of the Bravo test 241 00:17:45,585 --> 00:17:48,808 was that a cover-up was launched 242 00:17:48,808 --> 00:17:51,225 very shortly after March one. 243 00:17:52,708 --> 00:17:55,968 There's such a history of wrong information, 244 00:17:55,968 --> 00:17:58,613 outright lies, deception. 245 00:17:58,613 --> 00:18:02,780 There was no attempt to take the most conservative approach 246 00:18:04,066 --> 00:18:06,410 and make sure that everybody was okay. 247 00:18:06,410 --> 00:18:10,994 - They knew the way the fallout was going to go. 248 00:18:10,994 --> 00:18:12,976 And they took that risk and went ahead 249 00:18:12,976 --> 00:18:15,703 and detonated the bomb, knowing full well 250 00:18:15,703 --> 00:18:17,970 which way it was going to go. 251 00:18:17,970 --> 00:18:21,225 They still had an opportunity to evacuate, 252 00:18:21,225 --> 00:18:23,056 even on the day of the shot. 253 00:18:23,056 --> 00:18:24,679 But these people were not evacuated, 254 00:18:24,679 --> 00:18:26,022 we were not evacuated, 255 00:18:26,022 --> 00:18:28,737 and the people in the path were not evacuated. 256 00:18:28,737 --> 00:18:31,987 So that only leaves one to believe that 257 00:18:33,103 --> 00:18:35,994 number one, the United States needed some guinea pigs 258 00:18:35,994 --> 00:18:40,764 to study what the effects of radiation would do. 259 00:18:40,764 --> 00:18:43,294 And that's a pretty strong indication 260 00:18:43,294 --> 00:18:45,500 that the United States knew that. 261 00:18:45,500 --> 00:18:47,983 - It seems extraordinary, here we are, 262 00:18:47,983 --> 00:18:50,990 this far into the 21st century, 263 00:18:50,990 --> 00:18:53,432 talking to people still frightened 264 00:18:53,432 --> 00:18:56,788 of all that nuclear fallout, all those tests, 265 00:18:56,788 --> 00:18:58,665 all those years ago. 266 00:18:58,665 --> 00:19:00,688 The impression I get is that 267 00:19:00,688 --> 00:19:02,985 there's so little trust among people. 268 00:19:02,985 --> 00:19:04,766 - The US is trying to provide as much 269 00:19:04,766 --> 00:19:08,632 information, as much good information as we can. 270 00:19:08,632 --> 00:19:11,812 And so I wouldn't accept the characterization that 271 00:19:11,812 --> 00:19:15,212 there've been lies and cover-ups. 272 00:19:15,212 --> 00:19:19,738 - The word guinea pigs comes up a lot from these survivors. 273 00:19:19,738 --> 00:19:23,013 - I would refer you to our embassy website on that. 274 00:19:23,013 --> 00:19:23,986 - I've read it. 275 00:19:23,986 --> 00:19:26,278 - And that question was looked at 276 00:19:26,278 --> 00:19:28,442 during the Clinton administration 277 00:19:28,442 --> 00:19:32,676 and that was not the conclusion they came to. 278 00:19:32,676 --> 00:19:34,962 - The secret of the Marshall Islands 279 00:19:34,962 --> 00:19:36,212 is Project 4.1. 280 00:19:37,788 --> 00:19:42,348 Declassified documents reveal a scientific program 281 00:19:42,348 --> 00:19:45,110 that began as a study of mice 282 00:19:45,110 --> 00:19:49,277 and became a study of human beings exposed to radiation. 283 00:19:52,389 --> 00:19:53,791 - Chicago is where it all began. 284 00:19:53,791 --> 00:19:56,774 And to the AEC Argonnne Labs in Chicago last week 285 00:19:56,774 --> 00:20:00,115 came seven men, natives of the Marshall Islands. 286 00:20:00,115 --> 00:20:01,846 Levin is from Omelek. 287 00:20:01,846 --> 00:20:03,228 He and the rest were irradiated by our 288 00:20:03,228 --> 00:20:06,887 March 19th '54 hydrogen bomb test. 289 00:20:06,887 --> 00:20:08,812 John is mayor of Rongelap, 290 00:20:08,812 --> 00:20:11,836 which is 100 miles from Bikini. 291 00:20:11,836 --> 00:20:13,980 John, as we said, is a savage, 292 00:20:13,980 --> 00:20:16,299 but a happy, amenable savage. 293 00:20:16,299 --> 00:20:19,893 His grandfather ran almost naked on his small atoll. 294 00:20:19,893 --> 00:20:22,327 The white man brought money and religion 295 00:20:22,327 --> 00:20:24,622 and a market for his copa. 296 00:20:24,622 --> 00:20:29,413 John Reeds knows about God and is a pretty good mayor. 297 00:20:29,413 --> 00:20:33,863 The iron room is a radiation detector for human beings. 298 00:20:33,863 --> 00:20:36,496 Inside John the mayor, 299 00:20:36,496 --> 00:20:38,260 whose first visit to the white man's country 300 00:20:38,260 --> 00:20:41,295 meant San Francisco cable cars and Chicago skyscrapers 301 00:20:41,295 --> 00:20:43,889 and streamlined trains, 302 00:20:43,889 --> 00:20:46,456 whose first visit to the white man's country 303 00:20:46,456 --> 00:20:48,123 meant the iron room. 304 00:20:49,699 --> 00:20:52,652 A savage governs his life by ritual 305 00:20:52,652 --> 00:20:54,543 and he understands this because 306 00:20:54,543 --> 00:20:56,648 he thinks of it as a new ritual. 307 00:20:56,648 --> 00:20:59,266 Sitting alone inside the room, 308 00:20:59,266 --> 00:21:03,361 outside, a strange kind of priest in a long, white coat. 309 00:21:03,361 --> 00:21:05,521 When the ritual of the iron room was over for John, 310 00:21:05,521 --> 00:21:07,288 it began for the others. 311 00:21:07,288 --> 00:21:10,102 As each finished, he was told it was over 312 00:21:10,102 --> 00:21:13,269 and he was given apples and other good things to eat. 313 00:21:13,269 --> 00:21:15,564 Then he took off the ritual clothing 314 00:21:15,564 --> 00:21:18,120 and the seven men put on the suits and top coats 315 00:21:18,120 --> 00:21:20,006 they had been lent in Hawaii 316 00:21:20,006 --> 00:21:22,419 which they would return in Hawaii on their way back 317 00:21:22,419 --> 00:21:27,187 in the Marshall Islands in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. 318 00:21:27,187 --> 00:21:28,900 - The United States government documents 319 00:21:28,900 --> 00:21:32,135 clearly demonstrate that its scientists 320 00:21:32,135 --> 00:21:34,347 conducted human radiation experiments 321 00:21:34,347 --> 00:21:37,141 with Marshallese citizens. 322 00:21:37,141 --> 00:21:38,722 Some of our people were injected with 323 00:21:38,722 --> 00:21:42,722 or coerced to drink fluids laced with radiation. 324 00:21:44,311 --> 00:21:47,852 Other experimentation involved the impurposeful 325 00:21:47,852 --> 00:21:51,028 and premature resettlement of people 326 00:21:51,028 --> 00:21:54,420 on islands highly contaminated by weapons tests 327 00:21:54,420 --> 00:21:58,367 to study how human beings absorb radiation 328 00:21:58,367 --> 00:22:01,240 from their foods and environment. 329 00:22:06,092 --> 00:22:08,894 - These people are guinea pigs. 330 00:22:08,894 --> 00:22:13,141 They are part of the experiment Project 4.1. 331 00:22:13,141 --> 00:22:15,439 They're being returned to Rongelap, 332 00:22:15,439 --> 00:22:19,356 an island 100 miles from Bikini by the US Navy. 333 00:22:20,414 --> 00:22:24,581 They were told repeatedly, it was safe to go home. 334 00:22:26,465 --> 00:22:30,632 This happy couple believed they were going home to safety. 335 00:22:31,626 --> 00:22:35,618 The man is John Anjain, the mayor of Rongelap. 336 00:22:35,618 --> 00:22:40,068 The "happy savage" from the iron room in Chicago. 337 00:22:40,068 --> 00:22:44,235 His wife is Madura, and this is their baby son Lekage. 338 00:22:45,149 --> 00:22:48,982 They had no idea of the horror that lay ahead. 339 00:22:51,332 --> 00:22:53,549 They are being returned to an island 340 00:22:53,549 --> 00:22:57,346 described by a US atomic energy official 341 00:22:57,346 --> 00:23:01,429 "as by far the most contaminated place on earth." 342 00:23:02,433 --> 00:23:05,590 He added, "it will be interesting to get a measure 343 00:23:05,590 --> 00:23:07,778 "of human uptake when people 344 00:23:07,778 --> 00:23:10,861 "live in a contaminated environment." 345 00:23:14,439 --> 00:23:18,661 The people of Rongelap remained on their poison island 346 00:23:18,661 --> 00:23:20,994 for 28 years as guinea pigs. 347 00:23:22,724 --> 00:23:26,641 The objects of regular, scientific examination. 348 00:24:07,009 --> 00:24:10,380 The islanders pleaded with the US authorities 349 00:24:10,380 --> 00:24:13,611 to move them to safety as evidence emerged 350 00:24:13,611 --> 00:24:15,695 of the second generation, 351 00:24:15,695 --> 00:24:18,362 the children were also poisoned. 352 00:24:35,063 --> 00:24:37,287 Desperate to leave, the islanders 353 00:24:37,287 --> 00:24:41,003 called on Greenpeace to rescue them. 354 00:24:41,003 --> 00:24:43,654 This ship, the Rainbow Warrior, 355 00:24:43,654 --> 00:24:47,821 moved the entire population to an uncontaminated island. 356 00:24:48,934 --> 00:24:51,601 They called it Operation Exodus. 357 00:25:31,822 --> 00:25:34,168 This is Doctor Robert Conard, 358 00:25:34,168 --> 00:25:36,227 a leading medical scientist 359 00:25:36,227 --> 00:25:39,719 of Brookhaven National Laboratories. 360 00:25:39,719 --> 00:25:43,131 Conard devoted his distinguished career 361 00:25:43,131 --> 00:25:45,381 to examining the islanders. 362 00:25:50,238 --> 00:25:53,969 He wrote, "the habitation of these people on the island 363 00:25:53,969 --> 00:25:58,645 "will afford the most valuable ecological radiation data 364 00:25:58,645 --> 00:26:00,062 "on human beings. 365 00:26:01,035 --> 00:26:03,923 "The various radio isotopes present 366 00:26:03,923 --> 00:26:07,877 "can be traced from the soil to the food chain 367 00:26:07,877 --> 00:26:09,877 "and into human beings." 368 00:26:15,238 --> 00:26:19,415 Doctor Conard gained the trust of whole communities 369 00:26:19,415 --> 00:26:22,834 when he brought the islanders to New York to be examined, 370 00:26:22,834 --> 00:26:25,004 he showed them the sights 371 00:26:25,004 --> 00:26:27,754 and had them over for a barbecue. 372 00:26:35,146 --> 00:26:38,729 When John Anjain's son Lekage died aged 18, 373 00:26:40,260 --> 00:26:43,962 Doctor Conard sent the man they called a savage 374 00:26:43,962 --> 00:26:45,729 a sympathy card. 375 00:26:45,729 --> 00:26:47,562 From your friend, Bob. 376 00:26:51,889 --> 00:26:56,056 In 1957, Madura Anjain was the smiling young woman 377 00:26:57,310 --> 00:27:00,664 seen here on her way back to Rongelap, 378 00:27:00,664 --> 00:27:04,581 unaware of the danger she and her family faced. 379 00:27:08,220 --> 00:27:11,459 This is Madura 28 years later, 380 00:27:11,459 --> 00:27:13,121 grieving the death of her son 381 00:27:13,121 --> 00:27:15,788 Lekage from radiation poisoning. 382 00:28:46,771 --> 00:28:48,802 Like her son and her husband, 383 00:28:48,802 --> 00:28:51,719 Madura died from a virulent cancer. 384 00:28:54,246 --> 00:28:57,813 - I don't see any great clinics that have been 385 00:28:57,813 --> 00:29:01,172 established by, if not the Department of Energy, 386 00:29:01,172 --> 00:29:04,108 certainly not by the US government. 387 00:29:04,108 --> 00:29:06,728 - There's a clinic downtown in Majuro. 388 00:29:06,728 --> 00:29:08,715 There's also a Whole Body Counter. 389 00:29:08,715 --> 00:29:11,773 You can have the plutonium in your body measured as well. 390 00:29:11,773 --> 00:29:13,523 Anyone can, for free. 391 00:29:15,764 --> 00:29:18,999 - This is the plutonium measuring shop 392 00:29:18,999 --> 00:29:23,100 where they'll tell you how radioactive you are. 393 00:29:23,100 --> 00:29:25,333 People waiting to be tested 394 00:29:25,333 --> 00:29:27,229 are welcomed with a video 395 00:29:27,229 --> 00:29:30,312 showing their islands being blown up. 396 00:29:35,769 --> 00:29:38,818 And this reassuring commentary. 397 00:29:57,941 --> 00:29:59,946 This is Rinok, a refugee from 398 00:29:59,946 --> 00:30:03,161 the poisoned island of Rongelap, 399 00:30:03,161 --> 00:30:07,328 whose family owned land and lived a secure, prosperous life. 400 00:30:08,314 --> 00:30:12,181 Now she lives in a shack in the capital, Majuro, 401 00:30:12,181 --> 00:30:15,181 with her children and grandchildren. 402 00:30:16,345 --> 00:30:19,012 She has no water, no sanitation. 403 00:30:34,899 --> 00:30:38,232 - And power, she has electricity? 404 00:30:47,033 --> 00:30:50,106 - In 1986, the United States 405 00:30:50,106 --> 00:30:54,404 granted limited independence to the Marshall Islanders 406 00:30:54,404 --> 00:30:57,665 on condition that they accepted a mere 407 00:30:57,665 --> 00:31:01,130 150 million dollars compensation 408 00:31:01,130 --> 00:31:05,360 for the damage caused by nuclear testing. 409 00:31:05,360 --> 00:31:07,517 A claims tribunal was set up 410 00:31:07,517 --> 00:31:09,786 and soon ran out of money 411 00:31:09,786 --> 00:31:14,600 and appealed to the US Congress more than a decade ago, 412 00:31:14,600 --> 00:31:16,350 still awaits a reply. 413 00:31:36,822 --> 00:31:40,604 Darlene Keju-Johnson was a young health worker 414 00:31:40,604 --> 00:31:43,200 who became the champion of her people 415 00:31:43,200 --> 00:31:46,852 after she discovered the full extent of their suffering 416 00:31:46,852 --> 00:31:49,454 caused by nuclear testing that 417 00:31:49,454 --> 00:31:54,253 many more islands were poisoned than the Americans claimed. 418 00:31:55,156 --> 00:31:59,239 This remarkable speech in 1983 broke the silence. 419 00:32:00,230 --> 00:32:04,238 - I bring greetings from the Marshall Islands 420 00:32:04,238 --> 00:32:07,200 and throughout Micronesia. 421 00:32:07,200 --> 00:32:11,630 We have hundreds of women who have miscarriages. 422 00:32:11,630 --> 00:32:13,784 We have leukemia cancers. 423 00:32:13,784 --> 00:32:15,628 We have thyroid cancers. 424 00:32:15,628 --> 00:32:17,937 We have stillborn babies. 425 00:32:17,937 --> 00:32:21,273 We have nowadays, I just got back from home 426 00:32:21,273 --> 00:32:25,276 and I've talked to many women and men in the population, 427 00:32:25,276 --> 00:32:29,014 is that we have babies we call jellyfish babies. 428 00:32:29,014 --> 00:32:31,128 A baby is born on a labor table 429 00:32:31,128 --> 00:32:33,858 and it moves up and down like this. 430 00:32:33,858 --> 00:32:35,339 It's a colorful, ugly thing 431 00:32:35,339 --> 00:32:37,743 and it is not shaped like a human being. 432 00:32:37,743 --> 00:32:40,844 It moves up and down like this on a labor table 433 00:32:40,844 --> 00:32:43,041 because that thing is breathing. 434 00:32:43,041 --> 00:32:44,291 That is a baby. 435 00:32:47,657 --> 00:32:52,492 - In 1982, Darlene married Giff Johnson, 436 00:32:52,492 --> 00:32:55,742 the author of this tribute to his wife. 437 00:32:57,799 --> 00:33:00,549 - Darlene was one of the liveliest, 438 00:33:00,549 --> 00:33:04,048 most entertaining individuals that 439 00:33:04,048 --> 00:33:07,712 I have ever had the pleasure of knowing. 440 00:33:07,712 --> 00:33:10,545 She was a voice for the voiceless. 441 00:33:13,313 --> 00:33:16,405 - Like so many Marshall Islanders, 442 00:33:16,405 --> 00:33:18,988 Darlene died of cancer, age 45. 443 00:33:28,374 --> 00:33:32,378 This is the largest of the islands, Kwajalein, 444 00:33:32,378 --> 00:33:35,975 occupied by one of America's most important 445 00:33:35,975 --> 00:33:37,642 and secretive bases. 446 00:33:40,073 --> 00:33:42,839 Known as the Ronald Reagan Test Site, 447 00:33:42,839 --> 00:33:44,978 it's a missile launch pad that commands 448 00:33:44,978 --> 00:33:48,978 the Pacific Ocean all the way to Asia and China. 449 00:33:55,762 --> 00:33:58,513 Here, the people of the Marshall Islands 450 00:33:58,513 --> 00:34:01,323 are once again being subjected to the testing 451 00:34:01,323 --> 00:34:05,490 of weapons of mass destruction designed for a coming war. 452 00:34:10,453 --> 00:34:13,430 The base is part of a remarkable plan 453 00:34:13,430 --> 00:34:15,180 known as Vision 2020. 454 00:34:16,848 --> 00:34:20,152 Devised in the 1990's, its aim is described 455 00:34:20,152 --> 00:34:23,319 officially as full-spectrum dominance. 456 00:34:24,854 --> 00:34:28,271 This means control of all land, sea, air, 457 00:34:29,550 --> 00:34:31,383 cyberspace, and space. 458 00:34:32,743 --> 00:34:35,910 - Five, four, three, two, one, 459 00:34:37,800 --> 00:34:38,633 ignition. 460 00:34:40,898 --> 00:34:45,009 - From California, almost 5000 miles away, 461 00:34:45,009 --> 00:34:49,016 the US Air Force tests it's intercontinental missiles 462 00:34:49,016 --> 00:34:52,266 by firing them at the Marshall Islands. 463 00:34:54,856 --> 00:34:57,816 - Imagine a missile coming screaming out of the sky. 464 00:34:57,816 --> 00:34:59,902 It's absolutely terrifying. 465 00:34:59,902 --> 00:35:04,069 I think that there's really nothing that I can imagine 466 00:35:04,905 --> 00:35:07,970 that would be more terrifying than this. 467 00:35:07,970 --> 00:35:11,607 And we're talking about devices that 468 00:35:11,607 --> 00:35:14,607 any one of them could go off course. 469 00:35:15,880 --> 00:35:18,808 - None of this disturbs life on the base, 470 00:35:18,808 --> 00:35:22,576 where small town America has been recreated, 471 00:35:22,576 --> 00:35:25,826 a wonderland of the suburban good life. 472 00:35:27,986 --> 00:35:28,986 - Thank you. 473 00:35:33,488 --> 00:35:34,625 - Fabulous. 474 00:35:34,625 --> 00:35:37,754 There's nothing better than living on a tropical island. 475 00:35:37,754 --> 00:35:40,282 - I pretty much have beachfront property, you know? 476 00:35:40,282 --> 00:35:42,532 It's great, I love it here. 477 00:35:51,547 --> 00:35:55,122 - Just across the bay is Ebeye Island. 478 00:35:55,122 --> 00:35:57,533 Known as the slum of the Pacific, 479 00:35:57,533 --> 00:36:00,444 more than 12,000 people live here 480 00:36:00,444 --> 00:36:04,213 on a strip of land less than a mile long. 481 00:36:04,213 --> 00:36:08,631 Many of them refugees from what is now the missile base 482 00:36:08,631 --> 00:36:12,381 and from islands poisoned by nuclear testing. 483 00:36:16,209 --> 00:36:18,332 Every day, people from Ebeye are 484 00:36:18,332 --> 00:36:21,020 brought to work on the missile base 485 00:36:21,020 --> 00:36:24,353 to water the gardens and the golf course 486 00:36:27,054 --> 00:36:30,721 then they are ferried back to their poverty. 487 00:36:33,482 --> 00:36:36,232 This is apartheid in the Pacific. 488 00:37:00,995 --> 00:37:02,941 - Ebeye needs a lot of things. 489 00:37:02,941 --> 00:37:05,441 Medicine, education, and jobs. 490 00:37:06,298 --> 00:37:08,131 Vegetables and fruits. 491 00:37:09,073 --> 00:37:10,567 - Vegetables and fruits. 492 00:37:10,567 --> 00:37:11,400 - Yes. 493 00:37:11,400 --> 00:37:13,341 - Here we are, it's a tropical island, 494 00:37:13,341 --> 00:37:14,652 and you need vegetables and fruits. 495 00:37:14,652 --> 00:37:15,485 - Yes. 496 00:37:17,813 --> 00:37:20,154 - Fish, vegetables and fruit 497 00:37:20,154 --> 00:37:22,487 were once abundant on Ebeye. 498 00:37:24,067 --> 00:37:28,441 Today, fish is contaminated by toxic pollutants 499 00:37:28,441 --> 00:37:31,858 says the Environmental Protection Agency. 500 00:37:34,287 --> 00:37:37,277 Now the only food most people can afford 501 00:37:37,277 --> 00:37:40,128 is processed and imported. 502 00:37:40,128 --> 00:37:44,295 They have the highest rate of diabetes in the world. 503 00:37:49,906 --> 00:37:52,851 - When someone gets really ill, 504 00:37:52,851 --> 00:37:55,082 do they go to the hospital over on the base 505 00:37:55,082 --> 00:37:59,249 because they've got a pretty modern clinic over there. 506 00:38:00,491 --> 00:38:03,658 - They don't treat them with medicine. 507 00:38:04,920 --> 00:38:09,669 They just go there for taking the plug and then x-ray. 508 00:38:09,669 --> 00:38:12,942 - So what happens when somebody is seriously ill? 509 00:38:12,942 --> 00:38:15,472 - They cannot do anything. 510 00:38:15,472 --> 00:38:18,389 - The most consistent example given 511 00:38:19,762 --> 00:38:23,762 is the example of the Ronald Reagan Missile Site 512 00:38:24,832 --> 00:38:27,228 and Ebeye next to it. 513 00:38:27,228 --> 00:38:29,718 On the Ronald Reagan Missile Site 514 00:38:29,718 --> 00:38:33,055 is a vivid example of the United States, 515 00:38:33,055 --> 00:38:35,638 golf courses and swimming pools 516 00:38:36,804 --> 00:38:39,054 and all kinds of amenities. 517 00:38:40,278 --> 00:38:44,320 Right next to it is what is called the slum of the Pacific. 518 00:38:44,320 --> 00:38:45,590 - It's a challenge. 519 00:38:45,590 --> 00:38:48,842 Ebeye is in great need right now. 520 00:38:48,842 --> 00:38:50,860 We've talked about infrastructure. 521 00:38:50,860 --> 00:38:53,543 One of the projects the US is working with 522 00:38:53,543 --> 00:38:57,068 our Australian colleagues and with the Asia Development Bank 523 00:38:57,068 --> 00:39:00,355 is a sewer and water project desperately needed for Ebeye. 524 00:39:00,355 --> 00:39:02,927 Ebeye's overcrowded, the schools need repair. 525 00:39:02,927 --> 00:39:07,362 - Actually, the US military did a survey back in the 70's 526 00:39:07,362 --> 00:39:09,201 and found that the sewers didn't work 527 00:39:09,201 --> 00:39:12,522 and the water didn't run and the electricity wasn't there. 528 00:39:12,522 --> 00:39:14,173 It only happened not all that long ago 529 00:39:14,173 --> 00:39:16,464 they found almost exactly the same thing. 530 00:39:16,464 --> 00:39:18,794 Why hasn't that been fixed? 531 00:39:18,794 --> 00:39:21,859 - There's complete agreement that Ebeye should be a priority 532 00:39:21,859 --> 00:39:24,462 and not only because of the current activities 533 00:39:24,462 --> 00:39:27,810 of the Ronald Reagan Space and Missile Defense Site, 534 00:39:27,810 --> 00:39:31,248 but there's also now an additional component 535 00:39:31,248 --> 00:39:33,676 that is providing for global security 536 00:39:33,676 --> 00:39:38,070 and that's the Space Fence Project by the Air Force. 537 00:39:38,070 --> 00:39:39,942 - Every missile fired 538 00:39:39,942 --> 00:39:43,289 on the Marshall Islands by the US military 539 00:39:43,289 --> 00:39:45,872 costs 100 million dollars each. 540 00:39:48,348 --> 00:39:52,901 This derelict school bus is the only one on Ebeye. 541 00:39:52,901 --> 00:39:55,568 They can't afford to replace it. 542 00:40:10,352 --> 00:40:13,003 - The base is not good for us, 543 00:40:13,003 --> 00:40:17,390 the people of Marshall Islands, we have no need for it. 544 00:40:17,390 --> 00:40:19,267 - It's been used to test missiles 545 00:40:19,267 --> 00:40:21,934 to fire at countries like China. 546 00:40:23,442 --> 00:40:27,627 - Yes, and anywhere else if they want to. 547 00:40:27,627 --> 00:40:32,034 - What would you like to see happen there? 548 00:40:32,034 --> 00:40:33,951 - I want our land back. 549 00:40:48,668 --> 00:40:50,226 - This is Shanghai, 550 00:40:50,226 --> 00:40:53,246 the historic port on the Yangtze River, 551 00:40:53,246 --> 00:40:55,079 China's greatest city. 552 00:40:58,406 --> 00:41:00,578 I have arranged to meet the American author 553 00:41:00,578 --> 00:41:03,938 James Bradley, whose latest best-selling book 554 00:41:03,938 --> 00:41:08,105 The China Mirage, reveals an extraordinary hidden history 555 00:41:09,093 --> 00:41:12,762 of American power and modern China. 556 00:41:12,762 --> 00:41:15,876 - It was almost illegal for someone like me 557 00:41:15,876 --> 00:41:18,870 to know of Chinese for almost all of American history. 558 00:41:18,870 --> 00:41:22,064 The Chinese came to America to mine gold 559 00:41:22,064 --> 00:41:24,722 and build the railroads and Americans decided 560 00:41:24,722 --> 00:41:26,324 we didn't like the competition, 561 00:41:26,324 --> 00:41:29,887 so in 1882 we had the Chinese Exclusion Acts 562 00:41:29,887 --> 00:41:32,651 which kept the Chinese out of the United States 563 00:41:32,651 --> 00:41:34,508 for about 100 years. 564 00:41:34,508 --> 00:41:37,407 So you have the largest population in the world 565 00:41:37,407 --> 00:41:39,507 that can't come to the United States, 566 00:41:39,507 --> 00:41:41,103 so at just the point we're putting up 567 00:41:41,103 --> 00:41:44,253 the Statue of Liberty saying, we welcome everybody, 568 00:41:44,253 --> 00:41:46,305 we were erecting a wall saying, 569 00:41:46,305 --> 00:41:49,805 we welcome everybody except those Chinese. 570 00:41:51,429 --> 00:41:54,135 - Fear of a rising China today 571 00:41:54,135 --> 00:41:57,463 is the latest chapter in a history of propaganda 572 00:41:57,463 --> 00:42:01,630 that presented the Chinese as uncouth and infantile. 573 00:42:08,451 --> 00:42:11,779 To western popular and political culture, 574 00:42:11,779 --> 00:42:15,132 the Chinese became the Yellow Peril. 575 00:42:16,255 --> 00:42:20,243 And racial stereotypes bore the constant theme 576 00:42:20,243 --> 00:42:21,826 of fear and threat. 577 00:42:23,881 --> 00:42:28,082 - Boris Karloff as the evil Fu Manchu. 578 00:42:28,082 --> 00:42:32,165 His passion for power twisting his brilliant mind 579 00:42:33,744 --> 00:42:37,911 as he revels in the horrors of human sacrifice and torture. 580 00:42:43,061 --> 00:42:45,478 Behind the mask of Fu Manchu. 581 00:42:49,862 --> 00:42:53,380 - This caricature of an entire people 582 00:42:53,380 --> 00:42:56,047 concealed another agenda: opium. 583 00:43:02,258 --> 00:43:05,386 For the American elite in the 19th century, 584 00:43:05,386 --> 00:43:07,969 China was a goal mine of drugs. 585 00:43:10,384 --> 00:43:11,398 - Warren Delano, 586 00:43:11,398 --> 00:43:14,328 the grandfather of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, 587 00:43:14,328 --> 00:43:16,769 was the American opium king of China. 588 00:43:16,769 --> 00:43:19,152 He was the biggest American opium dealer 589 00:43:19,152 --> 00:43:20,709 second to the British. 590 00:43:20,709 --> 00:43:24,364 He welcomed the first American ship into China 591 00:43:24,364 --> 00:43:26,786 to help out with the opium wars. 592 00:43:26,786 --> 00:43:28,771 Much of the east coast of America, 593 00:43:28,771 --> 00:43:32,259 Columbia, Harvard, Yale, Princeton, 594 00:43:32,259 --> 00:43:34,509 were born from opium money. 595 00:43:36,594 --> 00:43:38,992 The American Industrial Revolution 596 00:43:38,992 --> 00:43:41,848 was funded by huge pools of money. 597 00:43:41,848 --> 00:43:42,681 Where did this come from? 598 00:43:42,681 --> 00:43:44,562 It came from illegal drugs 599 00:43:44,562 --> 00:43:48,002 in the biggest market in the world: China. 600 00:43:48,002 --> 00:43:48,835 - Let me get this right. 601 00:43:48,835 --> 00:43:53,002 The grandfather of arguably the most liberal president, 602 00:43:54,636 --> 00:43:58,511 Franklin Delano Roosevelt, was a drug runner. 603 00:43:58,511 --> 00:43:59,344 - Yes sir. 604 00:43:59,344 --> 00:44:03,340 Franklin Delano Roosevelt never made much money in his life. 605 00:44:03,340 --> 00:44:06,808 He had public service jobs that were very lowly paid, 606 00:44:06,808 --> 00:44:09,175 but he had yachts, he had summer homes, 607 00:44:09,175 --> 00:44:11,032 he had mansions in New York City. 608 00:44:11,032 --> 00:44:13,145 The kids went to private schools. 609 00:44:13,145 --> 00:44:17,032 He inherited a fortune from Warren Delano, his father, 610 00:44:17,032 --> 00:44:20,828 who was the American opium king of China. 611 00:44:20,828 --> 00:44:24,606 If you scratch anyone with the name Forbes in their name, 612 00:44:24,606 --> 00:44:29,046 John Forbes Kerry, Secretary of State John Forbes Kerry-- 613 00:44:29,046 --> 00:44:30,625 - That's the present Secretary of State. 614 00:44:30,625 --> 00:44:31,476 - Yes sir. 615 00:44:31,476 --> 00:44:32,981 You'll find opium money. 616 00:44:32,981 --> 00:44:36,763 His great-grandfather was an opium dealer. 617 00:44:36,763 --> 00:44:38,236 How big was opium money? 618 00:44:38,236 --> 00:44:40,860 Opium money built the first industrial city 619 00:44:40,860 --> 00:44:43,923 in the United States, Lowell, Massachusetts. 620 00:44:43,923 --> 00:44:47,238 It built the first five railroads in the United States. 621 00:44:47,238 --> 00:44:49,314 Opium money all over the east coast, 622 00:44:49,314 --> 00:44:50,478 but it wasn't talked about. 623 00:44:50,478 --> 00:44:52,430 It was called the China Trade. 624 00:44:52,430 --> 00:44:54,759 And if you go to various museums, 625 00:44:54,759 --> 00:44:57,759 you can see teas and silks exhibited 626 00:44:59,093 --> 00:45:03,905 and they keep quiet about all that big opium money. 627 00:45:03,905 --> 00:45:06,657 - In the scramble to get opium money, 628 00:45:06,657 --> 00:45:09,269 China was invaded and colonized 629 00:45:09,269 --> 00:45:12,686 by Britain and the other imperial powers. 630 00:45:15,002 --> 00:45:18,752 Foreign armies grabbed whole swaths of China. 631 00:45:19,795 --> 00:45:22,919 This is the American army in Tiananmen Square, 632 00:45:22,919 --> 00:45:24,252 Peking, in 1900. 633 00:45:27,730 --> 00:45:30,854 Great cities like Shanghai were taken over 634 00:45:30,854 --> 00:45:32,854 and declared concessions 635 00:45:34,262 --> 00:45:37,640 and foreigners lived a life of privilege and luxury 636 00:45:37,640 --> 00:45:41,557 amidst terrible poverty imposed on the Chinese. 637 00:45:51,531 --> 00:45:54,980 A resistance known as the Boxer Rebellion 638 00:45:54,980 --> 00:45:57,397 was put down with a savagery. 639 00:45:58,976 --> 00:46:01,672 This rape of China set the tone 640 00:46:01,672 --> 00:46:04,516 for how China was perceived in the West 641 00:46:04,516 --> 00:46:06,766 well into the 20th century. 642 00:46:09,139 --> 00:46:11,722 This is the distinguished historian 643 00:46:11,722 --> 00:46:16,476 Theodore H. White, an advisor to the White House, 644 00:46:16,476 --> 00:46:18,393 speaking in the 1960's. 645 00:46:19,365 --> 00:46:24,203 - Perhaps China is too vast to be governed by mercy. 646 00:46:24,203 --> 00:46:26,953 Yet if Chinese mind craves order, 647 00:46:28,262 --> 00:46:29,866 they must be brought to recognize 648 00:46:29,866 --> 00:46:34,033 they are the biggest factor in the world's disorder. 649 00:46:35,410 --> 00:46:39,327 And we must untangle the madness of their mind. 650 00:46:40,625 --> 00:46:42,755 The most difficult task in the world 651 00:46:42,755 --> 00:46:46,255 is to reach the minds of men who hate you. 652 00:46:47,590 --> 00:46:50,208 - What White was really complaining about 653 00:46:50,208 --> 00:46:52,106 was the loss of a China that 654 00:46:52,106 --> 00:46:55,162 the imperial West could dominate 655 00:46:55,162 --> 00:46:59,017 and the defeat of General Chiang Kai-Shek, 656 00:46:59,017 --> 00:47:02,558 who with his famously powerful Christian wife, 657 00:47:02,558 --> 00:47:06,725 Mei-ling Soong, guarded America's interests in China. 658 00:47:08,409 --> 00:47:12,727 That is, until they were thrown out in 1949 659 00:47:12,727 --> 00:47:16,394 by a communist revolution led by Mao Zedong. 660 00:47:17,782 --> 00:47:20,765 - Mao had beaten Chiang Kai-Shek three times 661 00:47:20,765 --> 00:47:24,607 in huge battles involving millions of combatants. 662 00:47:24,607 --> 00:47:27,261 Mao was a winner in this contest from 663 00:47:27,261 --> 00:47:30,678 the early 1930's on, but we knew very little about it 664 00:47:30,678 --> 00:47:34,345 and people don't understand that even today. 665 00:47:35,230 --> 00:47:37,481 - Shanghai hears the message clearly 666 00:47:37,481 --> 00:47:40,657 as foreign businessmen board up their shops. 667 00:47:40,657 --> 00:47:44,574 Go now, go quickly, for communism marches. 668 00:47:44,574 --> 00:47:47,420 Take what you can, but flee. 669 00:47:47,420 --> 00:47:49,402 In pell-mell haste, the Western powers 670 00:47:49,402 --> 00:47:51,532 evacuate the city they have built, 671 00:47:51,532 --> 00:47:54,580 for good and bad alike must leave. 672 00:47:54,580 --> 00:47:56,346 The businessmen come for profit 673 00:47:56,346 --> 00:47:59,247 as well as missionaries come to heal 674 00:47:59,247 --> 00:48:01,997 must say goodbye as out the Yancy 675 00:48:02,868 --> 00:48:04,814 steams the last of Western influence 676 00:48:04,814 --> 00:48:06,981 and farewell to a century. 677 00:48:11,912 --> 00:48:14,436 - Even today, it's difficult to understand 678 00:48:14,436 --> 00:48:17,853 the paranoia ignited by Mao's revolution. 679 00:48:21,212 --> 00:48:23,388 - As we look at China on the map, 680 00:48:23,388 --> 00:48:26,438 we can see that China is the basic cause 681 00:48:26,438 --> 00:48:28,546 of all of our troubles in Asia. 682 00:48:28,546 --> 00:48:32,213 - I believe that for the sake of our safety, 683 00:48:34,630 --> 00:48:38,797 it is necessary to be prepared for the possibility 684 00:48:39,909 --> 00:48:43,992 of a Chinese missile attack on the United States. 685 00:48:47,033 --> 00:48:49,363 - One of the myths about Mao 686 00:48:49,363 --> 00:48:54,236 is that he was an implacable enemy of the capitalist West. 687 00:49:04,695 --> 00:49:08,851 Shanghai today is a prosperous international city 688 00:49:08,851 --> 00:49:12,684 still run by the communists, at least in name. 689 00:49:22,213 --> 00:49:25,757 - When I was last in China more than a generation ago, 690 00:49:25,757 --> 00:49:30,626 the loudest noise was the tinkling of bicycle bells. 691 00:49:30,626 --> 00:49:33,655 Mao had just died, the streets were dark, 692 00:49:33,655 --> 00:49:35,493 the universities were closed. 693 00:49:35,493 --> 00:49:38,003 The chaos of the cultural revolution 694 00:49:38,003 --> 00:49:41,206 had given way to a great silence. 695 00:49:41,206 --> 00:49:45,661 "We're exhausted," was the freest comment I heard. 696 00:49:45,661 --> 00:49:49,569 Coming back, the change is barely comprehensible. 697 00:49:49,569 --> 00:49:53,900 Here in Shanghai, the freedom bears no comparison. 698 00:49:53,900 --> 00:49:56,327 Yes, there are issues with human rights, 699 00:49:56,327 --> 00:49:59,293 especially the right to speak against the state 700 00:49:59,293 --> 00:50:01,794 and challenge its power. 701 00:50:01,794 --> 00:50:04,569 Since I was last here, millions of people 702 00:50:04,569 --> 00:50:06,774 have been lifted out of poverty, 703 00:50:06,774 --> 00:50:11,283 many of them into an entirely new middle class. 704 00:50:11,283 --> 00:50:14,564 This epic is still barely understood in the West, 705 00:50:14,564 --> 00:50:18,064 or should that be willfully misunderstood? 706 00:50:19,076 --> 00:50:22,677 The truth is that China has matched America 707 00:50:22,677 --> 00:50:25,730 at its own great game of capitalism 708 00:50:25,730 --> 00:50:27,813 and that is unforgivable. 709 00:50:31,606 --> 00:50:34,501 - One measure of China's new capitalism 710 00:50:34,501 --> 00:50:36,418 is the Hurun Rich List. 711 00:50:37,951 --> 00:50:40,459 This league table of China's mega-rich 712 00:50:40,459 --> 00:50:43,472 is published by Rupert Hoogewerf, 713 00:50:43,472 --> 00:50:47,139 an old Etonian whose Chinese name is Hu Run. 714 00:50:50,031 --> 00:50:52,021 He's received many awards, 715 00:50:52,021 --> 00:50:54,854 including China's Man of the Year. 716 00:50:55,872 --> 00:50:58,859 - This year, 2015, has probably been 717 00:50:58,859 --> 00:51:01,047 the most extraordinary year of wealth creation 718 00:51:01,047 --> 00:51:03,346 in the history of China again. 719 00:51:03,346 --> 00:51:06,238 I've been doing this list for 15, 16 years. 720 00:51:06,238 --> 00:51:08,988 I've never seen a year like 2015. 721 00:51:10,243 --> 00:51:14,348 Normally for 200 million pounds or 300 million dollars, 722 00:51:14,348 --> 00:51:17,618 we find say about 800,000 people. 723 00:51:17,618 --> 00:51:20,405 This year, 2015, it's doubled. 724 00:51:20,405 --> 00:51:22,851 There'll be more dollar billionaires known about in China 725 00:51:22,851 --> 00:51:24,222 than in the US. 726 00:51:24,222 --> 00:51:25,911 So the US, up until now, 727 00:51:25,911 --> 00:51:29,262 has been the leader in terms of 728 00:51:29,262 --> 00:51:33,062 the most successful business tycoons in the world. 729 00:51:33,062 --> 00:51:36,604 China 2015, will have overtaken the US. 730 00:51:36,604 --> 00:51:37,604 So, amazing. 731 00:51:43,400 --> 00:51:46,519 - Modern China is full of telling ironies, 732 00:51:46,519 --> 00:51:49,528 not least this museum that was once the house 733 00:51:49,528 --> 00:51:52,587 where Mao and his comrades secretly founded 734 00:51:52,587 --> 00:51:55,670 the communist party of China in 1921. 735 00:52:10,944 --> 00:52:14,063 Today it stands in the heart of an exclusive, 736 00:52:14,063 --> 00:52:16,896 very capitalist shopping district. 737 00:52:26,268 --> 00:52:30,310 - When you leave this shrine to China's great revolution, 738 00:52:30,310 --> 00:52:32,549 you're confronted by a surreal spectacle. 739 00:52:32,549 --> 00:52:33,574 For right outside where the 740 00:52:33,574 --> 00:52:36,223 Chinese communist party was born, 741 00:52:36,223 --> 00:52:39,180 are the very symbols of capitalism. 742 00:52:39,180 --> 00:52:43,396 Starbucks, Apple, Cartier, Dolce and Gabbana, 743 00:52:43,396 --> 00:52:47,461 and down there perhaps the free market's greatest triumph: 744 00:52:47,461 --> 00:52:51,081 bottled water that insures you live young, 745 00:52:51,081 --> 00:52:55,881 costing six pounds for a small bottle in my hotel. 746 00:52:55,881 --> 00:52:59,333 Would Mao spin in his tomb if he was here? 747 00:52:59,333 --> 00:53:00,882 I'm not so sure. 748 00:53:00,882 --> 00:53:04,284 Hidden history is always the key to the truth. 749 00:53:04,284 --> 00:53:08,451 Five years before his great communist revolution in 1949, 750 00:53:09,514 --> 00:53:13,532 Mao sent this secret message to Washington. 751 00:53:13,532 --> 00:53:16,328 "China must industrialize," wrote Mao, 752 00:53:16,328 --> 00:53:19,940 "this can only be done by free enterprise. 753 00:53:19,940 --> 00:53:23,090 "Chinese and American interests fit together 754 00:53:23,090 --> 00:53:25,863 "economically and politically. 755 00:53:25,863 --> 00:53:29,850 "America need not fear that we will not be cooperative. 756 00:53:29,850 --> 00:53:32,994 "We cannot risk crossing America. 757 00:53:32,994 --> 00:53:35,494 "We cannot risk any conflict." 758 00:53:36,630 --> 00:53:38,463 Mao received no reply. 759 00:53:40,176 --> 00:53:41,843 Nothing has changed. 760 00:53:45,812 --> 00:53:47,559 - Mao Zedong was looking to be a friend 761 00:53:47,559 --> 00:53:50,329 with the United States from the beginning. 762 00:53:50,329 --> 00:53:52,184 Mao says, I will go meet 763 00:53:52,184 --> 00:53:54,441 Franklin Roosevelt in the White House. 764 00:53:54,441 --> 00:53:57,330 Mao reaches out in 1950 to Harry Truman. 765 00:53:57,330 --> 00:53:59,285 He reaches out to Dwight Eisenhower. 766 00:53:59,285 --> 00:54:01,368 His hand was tossed away. 767 00:54:05,467 --> 00:54:07,234 - This opportunity that 768 00:54:07,234 --> 00:54:09,227 might have changed history, 769 00:54:09,227 --> 00:54:13,141 prevented wars, saved countless lives, 770 00:54:13,141 --> 00:54:16,449 was lost because the truth of Mao's overtures 771 00:54:16,449 --> 00:54:20,032 was denied in the Washington of the 1950's. 772 00:54:21,450 --> 00:54:25,658 State Department officials who had carried Mao's messages 773 00:54:25,658 --> 00:54:29,491 were condemned unjustly as communist traitors. 774 00:54:32,278 --> 00:54:36,444 - Everybody who knew Mao, who spoke Chinese, was gone. 775 00:54:36,444 --> 00:54:38,828 In the 1950's, the State Department 776 00:54:38,828 --> 00:54:41,745 had no employees who spoke Chinese. 777 00:54:42,754 --> 00:54:45,054 It's resulted in us not having relations 778 00:54:45,054 --> 00:54:49,221 with the number one, most populous country in the world. 779 00:54:51,861 --> 00:54:55,069 - In 1979, this man, 780 00:54:55,069 --> 00:54:58,902 Deng Xaoping, became China's paramount leader. 781 00:54:59,907 --> 00:55:04,074 He said, "Socialism does not mean shared poverty." 782 00:55:08,869 --> 00:55:11,037 This was code for the most radical reform 783 00:55:11,037 --> 00:55:15,204 since Mao's revolution, the return of capitalism to China, 784 00:55:17,459 --> 00:55:21,459 but this time controlled by the communist party. 785 00:55:24,393 --> 00:55:26,060 "To be rich is glorious," 786 00:55:26,060 --> 00:55:29,125 Deng was reported as saying. 787 00:55:29,125 --> 00:55:31,298 America was now threatened by the emergence 788 00:55:31,298 --> 00:55:33,465 of a vast image of itself. 789 00:55:42,373 --> 00:55:45,177 This is one of the many very exclusive 790 00:55:45,177 --> 00:55:48,346 gated communities in Shanghai 791 00:55:48,346 --> 00:55:50,577 where an apartment is one of the prizes 792 00:55:50,577 --> 00:55:52,327 of the new communism. 793 00:55:58,014 --> 00:56:01,235 I'd arranged to see Professor Zhang Weiwei, 794 00:56:01,235 --> 00:56:04,083 a close aide to the late Deng Xiaoping, 795 00:56:04,083 --> 00:56:06,250 the man who changed China. 796 00:56:07,913 --> 00:56:12,080 - Deng is really, extremely long-term visionary leader 797 00:56:16,114 --> 00:56:20,234 with an exceedingly long-term at strategic vision 798 00:56:20,234 --> 00:56:22,944 for his country and for his people. 799 00:56:22,944 --> 00:56:25,873 China is still following that path. 800 00:56:25,873 --> 00:56:28,296 Actually, this is really a tradition 801 00:56:28,296 --> 00:56:30,760 from China's long history. 802 00:56:30,760 --> 00:56:33,243 You look at even like Mao. 803 00:56:33,243 --> 00:56:35,767 He said we should surpass UK, 804 00:56:35,767 --> 00:56:38,209 by which we should surpass the United States, 805 00:56:38,209 --> 00:56:41,582 so these tradition continues to this day. 806 00:56:41,582 --> 00:56:45,101 Even Xi Jinping to this day is also doing this idea. 807 00:56:45,101 --> 00:56:49,092 Actually, what many Chinese have problem 808 00:56:49,092 --> 00:56:52,593 with the Western media is the stereotypes about China. 809 00:56:52,593 --> 00:56:56,760 If you contend with stereotypes, you miss so many things. 810 00:56:58,025 --> 00:57:00,491 If BBC broadcast something, 811 00:57:00,491 --> 00:57:03,915 they are happy to always mention the communist dictatorship, 812 00:57:03,915 --> 00:57:05,165 this autocracy. 813 00:57:06,079 --> 00:57:08,006 Actually, with this kind of label 814 00:57:08,006 --> 00:57:11,597 you cannot understand this China as it is. 815 00:57:11,597 --> 00:57:15,347 But if you watch BBC or CNN or read Economist 816 00:57:18,587 --> 00:57:21,845 and try to understand China, it will be a failure. 817 00:57:21,845 --> 00:57:23,178 It's impossible. 818 00:57:24,351 --> 00:57:26,489 - Multiple parties fight for political power 819 00:57:26,489 --> 00:57:28,098 and everyone holding on to them 820 00:57:28,098 --> 00:57:29,562 as the only path to salvation 821 00:57:29,562 --> 00:57:31,742 to the long-suffering, developing world. 822 00:57:31,742 --> 00:57:32,780 - This is Eric Li, 823 00:57:32,780 --> 00:57:36,414 a Shanghai entrepreneur educated in America 824 00:57:36,414 --> 00:57:38,954 and typical of a new, confident, 825 00:57:38,954 --> 00:57:41,121 outspoken political class. 826 00:57:42,889 --> 00:57:46,129 - In China, there are a lot of problems. 827 00:57:46,129 --> 00:57:50,719 But at the moment, the Chinese, the party state, 828 00:57:50,719 --> 00:57:55,085 has proven an extraordinary ability to change. 829 00:57:55,085 --> 00:57:56,548 I make the joke: 830 00:57:56,548 --> 00:58:00,125 in America you can change political parties 831 00:58:00,125 --> 00:58:03,287 but you can't change the policies. 832 00:58:03,287 --> 00:58:05,119 In China you cannot change the party 833 00:58:05,119 --> 00:58:07,452 but you can change policies. 834 00:58:08,772 --> 00:58:13,538 In 65 or 66 years, China has been run by one single party 835 00:58:13,538 --> 00:58:17,815 yet the political changes that have taken place 836 00:58:17,815 --> 00:58:21,482 in China these past 66 years have been wider 837 00:58:22,498 --> 00:58:25,167 and broader and greater than probably 838 00:58:25,167 --> 00:58:27,858 any other major country in modern memory. 839 00:58:27,858 --> 00:58:30,282 - So in that time, China ceased to be communist. 840 00:58:30,282 --> 00:58:31,552 Is that what you're saying? 841 00:58:31,552 --> 00:58:34,910 - Well, China is a market economy. 842 00:58:34,910 --> 00:58:36,066 It's a vibrant market economy 843 00:58:36,066 --> 00:58:38,087 but it is not a capitalist country. 844 00:58:38,087 --> 00:58:39,004 Here's why. 845 00:58:41,095 --> 00:58:44,171 There's no way a group of billionaires 846 00:58:44,171 --> 00:58:46,671 could control the party bureau 847 00:58:47,859 --> 00:58:51,776 as billionaires control American policy making. 848 00:58:53,308 --> 00:58:56,207 So in China, you have a vibrant market economy 849 00:58:56,207 --> 00:59:00,374 but capital does not rise above political authority. 850 00:59:01,298 --> 00:59:04,548 Capital does not have enshrined rights. 851 00:59:07,024 --> 00:59:09,142 In America, capital, 852 00:59:09,142 --> 00:59:11,457 the interest of capital and capital itself 853 00:59:11,457 --> 00:59:14,457 has risen above the American nation. 854 00:59:16,316 --> 00:59:19,759 The political authority cannot check the power of capital. 855 00:59:19,759 --> 00:59:21,731 That's why America is a capitalist country 856 00:59:21,731 --> 00:59:23,064 but China's not. 857 00:59:25,805 --> 00:59:27,354 - This is the ironic title 858 00:59:27,354 --> 00:59:30,940 of a best-selling book by Zhang Lijia, 859 00:59:30,940 --> 00:59:35,487 a journalist and critic who lives in Beijing. 860 00:59:35,487 --> 00:59:38,529 - Many Americans imagine that the Chinese people 861 00:59:38,529 --> 00:59:42,696 live a miserable, repressed life with no freedom whatsoever. 862 00:59:47,200 --> 00:59:48,365 That's not quite true. 863 00:59:48,365 --> 00:59:52,497 If you speak to many ordinary Chinese people, 864 00:59:52,497 --> 00:59:55,892 they will tell you they feel their lives are quite free. 865 00:59:55,892 --> 00:59:59,163 Some 500 million people have been lifted off poverty 866 00:59:59,163 --> 01:00:01,354 and some would say probably 600 million people. 867 01:00:01,354 --> 01:00:03,604 That's a great achievement. 868 01:00:05,206 --> 01:00:09,874 For many Americans, the Yellow Peril has never left them. 869 01:00:09,874 --> 01:00:12,972 I think there's a fear about China. 870 01:00:12,972 --> 01:00:15,224 There's a fear of China's rapid rise, 871 01:00:15,224 --> 01:00:18,381 but it also has a lot to do with China's 872 01:00:18,381 --> 01:00:20,631 label as a communist state. 873 01:00:24,854 --> 01:00:27,153 - China's objectives are modest 874 01:00:27,153 --> 01:00:29,403 compared with their weight. 875 01:00:30,785 --> 01:00:32,943 They're not trying to run the world. 876 01:00:32,943 --> 01:00:36,187 They're not even trying to run the Asian-Pacific. 877 01:00:36,187 --> 01:00:38,889 I think they want to keep America 878 01:00:38,889 --> 01:00:42,171 from dominating the Asian-Pacific. 879 01:00:42,171 --> 01:00:45,346 So they have what they believe 880 01:00:45,346 --> 01:00:47,855 is their rightful place in the Asian-Pacific, 881 01:00:47,855 --> 01:00:48,688 because of all civilizations 882 01:00:48,688 --> 01:00:50,671 and all the history on their side, 883 01:00:50,671 --> 01:00:52,466 so their objectives are really modest 884 01:00:52,466 --> 01:00:54,883 compared with their capacity. 885 01:00:55,808 --> 01:00:58,211 - The new wealth in China, 886 01:00:58,211 --> 01:01:01,697 they often say this is the product of 887 01:01:01,697 --> 01:01:04,614 self-made entrepreneurial skill but 888 01:01:06,300 --> 01:01:08,717 is it not also the product of 889 01:01:10,297 --> 01:01:13,127 the exploitation of people at the bottom, 890 01:01:13,127 --> 01:01:15,138 what are known in China as migrants. 891 01:01:15,138 --> 01:01:18,212 But they're not really migrants, they're Chinese. 892 01:01:18,212 --> 01:01:21,906 - If you really go to 893 01:01:21,906 --> 01:01:24,647 talk to these migrant workers, 894 01:01:24,647 --> 01:01:28,132 you will find quite surprisingly, 895 01:01:28,132 --> 01:01:31,414 over the past five to seven years, 896 01:01:31,414 --> 01:01:35,331 they have experienced a greater income increase 897 01:01:36,412 --> 01:01:39,132 than any other social groups. 898 01:01:39,132 --> 01:01:41,549 China is not a class society. 899 01:01:43,828 --> 01:01:47,828 - But China is a class society. 900 01:01:49,025 --> 01:01:51,973 These are the homes of migrant workers, 901 01:01:51,973 --> 01:01:55,556 people who build and service the new China. 902 01:02:03,285 --> 01:02:06,139 Here it's not uncommon for three families 903 01:02:06,139 --> 01:02:08,056 to share one tiny flat. 904 01:02:13,558 --> 01:02:18,195 - You know, you associate a socialist country with equality 905 01:02:18,195 --> 01:02:21,406 but unfortunately it seems the reform has started. 906 01:02:21,406 --> 01:02:22,797 China has become one of the 907 01:02:22,797 --> 01:02:25,504 most unequal societies in the world. 908 01:02:25,504 --> 01:02:27,477 The income gap is widening. 909 01:02:27,477 --> 01:02:29,686 Governments, I feel, have retreated some of 910 01:02:29,686 --> 01:02:33,928 the responsibilities, left the markets to take over, 911 01:02:33,928 --> 01:02:36,281 but the market does not always treat women kindly. 912 01:02:36,281 --> 01:02:39,526 Some private companies that would just refuse 913 01:02:39,526 --> 01:02:42,276 to hire child-bearing aged women. 914 01:02:43,865 --> 01:02:45,588 And sometimes when women became pregnant, 915 01:02:45,588 --> 01:02:47,494 they would sack them. 916 01:02:47,494 --> 01:02:49,670 Because they don't want to pay their maternity leave. 917 01:02:49,670 --> 01:02:53,974 And in fact, the income gap has grown much bigger 918 01:02:53,974 --> 01:02:55,807 between men and women. 919 01:02:57,073 --> 01:02:59,573 - Your old boss, Deng Xaoping, 920 01:03:00,780 --> 01:03:04,460 presided over the bloodshed in Tiananmen Square. 921 01:03:04,460 --> 01:03:08,627 What would you say to the survivors of Tiananmen Square, 922 01:03:11,537 --> 01:03:14,370 because so many of those did fight 923 01:03:15,210 --> 01:03:19,210 for what they saw as democratic change in China? 924 01:03:20,592 --> 01:03:24,175 - In 1989, there were two political forces. 925 01:03:25,375 --> 01:03:29,880 One of those were presented by the Chinese students. 926 01:03:29,880 --> 01:03:32,845 Their hero was Mikhail Gorbachev, 927 01:03:32,845 --> 01:03:35,215 who happened to be in Beijing. 928 01:03:35,215 --> 01:03:36,728 Their slogan was, 929 01:03:36,728 --> 01:03:40,087 "Soviet Union's Today is China's Tomorrow." 930 01:03:40,087 --> 01:03:42,957 So the idea was political reform first, 931 01:03:42,957 --> 01:03:44,775 other reform second. 932 01:03:44,775 --> 01:03:47,289 Otherwise, China would be hopeless. 933 01:03:47,289 --> 01:03:49,705 Deng's message was the opposite. 934 01:03:49,705 --> 01:03:52,630 He thought Gorbachev was an idiot. 935 01:03:52,630 --> 01:03:56,853 He thought China must have economic reform first, 936 01:03:56,853 --> 01:03:58,820 other reform second. 937 01:03:58,820 --> 01:04:01,487 This priority must be set clear. 938 01:04:02,769 --> 01:04:07,493 Unfortunately, at that particular moment in 1989, 939 01:04:07,493 --> 01:04:11,594 the two political forces could not reach a compromise. 940 01:04:11,594 --> 01:04:14,344 That's when the tragedy occurred. 941 01:04:15,644 --> 01:04:18,133 - It was more than a tragedy. 942 01:04:18,133 --> 01:04:20,139 It was a massacre 943 01:04:20,139 --> 01:04:24,306 of which the memory remains a raw presence in modern China. 944 01:04:27,380 --> 01:04:31,380 - Why does the Chinese state still fear the few? 945 01:04:33,975 --> 01:04:37,161 The few who speak out, and I'm thinking of-- 946 01:04:37,161 --> 01:04:38,999 - Liu Xiaobo? 947 01:04:38,999 --> 01:04:40,562 - Exactly. 948 01:04:40,562 --> 01:04:44,729 This man won the Nobel Peace Prize and he's in prison. 949 01:04:46,282 --> 01:04:50,078 - He violated Chinese law by a big margin. 950 01:04:50,078 --> 01:04:52,804 So actually the freedom of expression, 951 01:04:52,804 --> 01:04:55,999 similar views are aired by many people 952 01:04:55,999 --> 01:04:58,916 but he really going to the extreme. 953 01:05:00,878 --> 01:05:03,098 - Liu Xiaobo challenged the government 954 01:05:03,098 --> 01:05:05,851 to implement democratic reforms 955 01:05:05,851 --> 01:05:09,434 and he spent a total of 13 years in prison. 956 01:05:12,368 --> 01:05:14,761 - Why can't a confident China 957 01:05:14,761 --> 01:05:17,840 accept a criticism like that? 958 01:05:17,840 --> 01:05:20,674 - Nobel peace committee makes huge mistake. 959 01:05:20,674 --> 01:05:22,932 They owe the Chinese an explanation. 960 01:05:22,932 --> 01:05:26,531 If you cross a line, you violate the constitution, 961 01:05:26,531 --> 01:05:29,259 you violate so many laws, you should be punished. 962 01:05:35,650 --> 01:05:37,047 - And yet in China today, 963 01:05:37,047 --> 01:05:40,177 the spirit of protest and dissent 964 01:05:40,177 --> 01:05:42,510 lives on in different forms. 965 01:05:45,001 --> 01:05:48,251 In 2015, strikes and community protests 966 01:05:49,172 --> 01:05:51,922 and activism reach record levels. 967 01:05:53,175 --> 01:05:57,092 This resistance is seldom reported in the West. 968 01:05:58,112 --> 01:06:01,541 - So there are lots of protests in China. 969 01:06:01,541 --> 01:06:03,479 Typical for example, land being grabbed by 970 01:06:03,479 --> 01:06:06,479 officials for commercial development 971 01:06:07,514 --> 01:06:10,221 and the farmers are not being compensated properly. 972 01:06:10,221 --> 01:06:12,900 But the farmers now know, 973 01:06:12,900 --> 01:06:16,128 are more aware of their rights so they protest. 974 01:06:16,128 --> 01:06:17,752 Or young workers from the factory, 975 01:06:17,752 --> 01:06:21,609 they demand a better wage and a better working condition, 976 01:06:21,609 --> 01:06:25,760 but many of the protests they are economic driven, 977 01:06:25,760 --> 01:06:27,112 not political driven. 978 01:06:27,112 --> 01:06:29,422 They are regional, not nation-wide. 979 01:06:29,422 --> 01:06:31,075 So this kind of thing is unlikely 980 01:06:31,075 --> 01:06:33,229 to develop into real movement 981 01:06:33,229 --> 01:06:36,479 or so-called, you call that revolution. 982 01:06:37,530 --> 01:06:38,737 - So the Mao's revolution 983 01:06:38,737 --> 01:06:41,054 was the last revolution? 984 01:06:41,054 --> 01:06:45,221 - Well, never say never. 985 01:06:57,675 --> 01:07:00,277 - The Japanese island of Okinawa 986 01:07:00,277 --> 01:07:03,694 is occupied by 32 military installations. 987 01:07:05,066 --> 01:07:08,468 From here, the United States has attacked Korea, 988 01:07:08,468 --> 01:07:11,551 Vietnam, Cambodia, Afghanistan, Iraq. 989 01:07:15,249 --> 01:07:18,262 The sky is full of planes and helicopters. 990 01:07:26,411 --> 01:07:29,360 Wherever people go, they are fenced in 991 01:07:29,360 --> 01:07:31,110 and told to keep out. 992 01:07:36,684 --> 01:07:41,095 Okinawa is the front line of a beckoning war 993 01:07:41,095 --> 01:07:42,012 with China. 994 01:07:50,349 --> 01:07:52,599 Aged 87, Fumiko Shimabukuro 995 01:07:54,047 --> 01:07:57,089 is one of the leaders of a non-violent resistance 996 01:07:57,089 --> 01:08:01,089 that's challenging Washington's "Pivot to Asia." 997 01:09:01,909 --> 01:09:04,424 - Fumiko is a survivor. 998 01:09:04,424 --> 01:09:06,947 A quarter of the civilians on the island 999 01:09:06,947 --> 01:09:10,614 were killed in the American invasion in 1945 1000 01:09:11,585 --> 01:09:15,752 and a fear of war has been passed through the generations. 1001 01:09:28,481 --> 01:09:31,309 Today, those who witnessed these horrors 1002 01:09:31,309 --> 01:09:34,807 live in a place of extraordinary beauty 1003 01:09:34,807 --> 01:09:38,974 surrounded by coral reefs and a unique marine life. 1004 01:09:48,318 --> 01:09:50,785 It was here in Henoko Bay 1005 01:09:50,785 --> 01:09:55,395 that the survivors of World War Two sought refuge 1006 01:09:55,395 --> 01:09:58,978 and it's this they're now fighting to save. 1007 01:10:00,385 --> 01:10:03,926 It's an epic struggle that pits these island people 1008 01:10:03,926 --> 01:10:07,676 against the greatest military power on Earth. 1009 01:10:14,678 --> 01:10:18,269 - This is the office of a former governor of Okinawa, 1010 01:10:18,269 --> 01:10:19,352 Ota Masahide. 1011 01:10:20,809 --> 01:10:24,476 What is done is create not so much a museum, 1012 01:10:25,573 --> 01:10:28,406 but an appeal to the outside world 1013 01:10:29,841 --> 01:10:33,368 to understand the resistance in Okinawa, 1014 01:10:33,368 --> 01:10:35,884 to understand the suffering, 1015 01:10:35,884 --> 01:10:38,893 to read its hidden history. 1016 01:10:38,893 --> 01:10:43,195 It begins in 1945 when the Americans invaded. 1017 01:10:43,195 --> 01:10:46,945 Here's General MacArthur arriving in Okinawa. 1018 01:10:49,824 --> 01:10:53,292 A second invasion happened 10 years later 1019 01:10:53,292 --> 01:10:54,469 in what became known as 1020 01:10:54,469 --> 01:10:57,734 the Bulldozer's and Bayonets campaign. 1021 01:10:57,734 --> 01:11:01,338 American forces seized prime agricultural land, 1022 01:11:01,338 --> 01:11:05,306 burned farm houses, and killed livestock. 1023 01:11:05,306 --> 01:11:07,655 The dispossessed people of Okinawa 1024 01:11:07,655 --> 01:11:11,488 march the length of Japan, appealing for help. 1025 01:11:13,628 --> 01:11:16,969 - This wall is devoted to a resistance in Okinawa 1026 01:11:16,969 --> 01:11:18,551 that never ceases. 1027 01:11:18,551 --> 01:11:20,649 Everywhere people go on the island, 1028 01:11:20,649 --> 01:11:23,482 they are confronted by this sign. 1029 01:11:23,482 --> 01:11:26,106 It tells them they must not go past 1030 01:11:26,106 --> 01:11:28,800 this fence topped with barbed wire. 1031 01:11:28,800 --> 01:11:33,149 These fences run like great ribbons across the island 1032 01:11:33,149 --> 01:11:37,760 and the bases themselves cut swaths across Okinawa. 1033 01:11:37,760 --> 01:11:39,776 But all around them are people 1034 01:11:39,776 --> 01:11:43,295 with this continuing demonstration, 1035 01:11:43,295 --> 01:11:45,545 this continuing resistance. 1036 01:11:46,590 --> 01:11:48,440 And they have a message. 1037 01:11:48,440 --> 01:11:50,321 It's: "People of the World, 1038 01:11:50,321 --> 01:11:53,150 "Watch what Japan and the US are doing. 1039 01:11:53,150 --> 01:11:56,817 "Don't let them force the bases on Okinawa." 1040 01:12:53,649 --> 01:12:54,788 - All this will be lost 1041 01:12:54,788 --> 01:12:55,993 when much of the bay becomes 1042 01:12:55,993 --> 01:12:59,660 concrete runways for bombers at Camp Schwab, 1043 01:13:00,772 --> 01:13:04,272 the huge US Marine base behind this fence. 1044 01:13:09,636 --> 01:13:12,969 In 2014, Okinawa elected a new governor, 1045 01:13:14,956 --> 01:13:19,123 Takeshi Onaga, who won by a landslide on one issue. 1046 01:13:20,100 --> 01:13:22,767 Stopping the new base at Henoko. 1047 01:13:24,087 --> 01:13:27,615 This was election night outside the American base 1048 01:13:27,615 --> 01:13:28,865 at Camp Schwab. 1049 01:14:42,097 --> 01:14:44,898 The New Year's celebration of their victory 1050 01:14:44,898 --> 01:14:47,024 was bittersweet. 1051 01:14:47,024 --> 01:14:49,463 The government in Tokyo resented this 1052 01:14:49,463 --> 01:14:52,880 unprecedented challenge to its authority. 1053 01:14:54,188 --> 01:14:57,783 The issue is now in the Japanese courts. 1054 01:14:57,783 --> 01:15:00,700 Japan's prime minister, Shinzo Abe, 1055 01:15:01,955 --> 01:15:04,295 has also made clear that with the backing 1056 01:15:04,295 --> 01:15:06,799 of his powerful patron America, 1057 01:15:06,799 --> 01:15:10,640 he wants to reawaken Japanese nationalism 1058 01:15:10,640 --> 01:15:13,307 and reclaim it's military power. 1059 01:15:26,770 --> 01:15:30,279 While we were filming this ceremony outside the base, 1060 01:15:30,279 --> 01:15:32,374 on a day when people paid respect 1061 01:15:32,374 --> 01:15:35,335 to their departed loved ones, 1062 01:15:35,335 --> 01:15:39,257 giant American helicopters circled above us, 1063 01:15:39,257 --> 01:15:41,174 intimidating as always. 1064 01:15:52,953 --> 01:15:55,803 The threat of these low-flying aircraft 1065 01:15:55,803 --> 01:15:59,292 is a constant presence in Okinawa. 1066 01:15:59,292 --> 01:16:02,481 Teachers often can't teach because of the noise 1067 01:16:02,481 --> 01:16:03,564 and the fear. 1068 01:16:13,052 --> 01:16:15,842 This was the carnage when an American fighter 1069 01:16:15,842 --> 01:16:18,029 crashed into a primary school 1070 01:16:18,029 --> 01:16:21,196 after the pilot had ejected to safety. 1071 01:16:28,706 --> 01:16:32,373 Haru Akira, aged seven, was terribly burned. 1072 01:17:42,646 --> 01:17:44,558 Akira suffered throughout his youth 1073 01:17:44,558 --> 01:17:47,391 and died from his injuries age 21. 1074 01:17:54,357 --> 01:17:58,101 Another tragedy waits to happen on Okinawa. 1075 01:17:58,101 --> 01:18:01,226 US military aircraft have been involved 1076 01:18:01,226 --> 01:18:03,726 in 44 accidents on the island. 1077 01:18:05,003 --> 01:18:08,657 The latest threat is this hybrid plane, the Osprey, 1078 01:18:08,657 --> 01:18:11,324 notorious for its safety issues. 1079 01:18:30,002 --> 01:18:32,258 Wherever the military is based in Asia, 1080 01:18:32,258 --> 01:18:35,161 there is a relationship with local people, 1081 01:18:35,161 --> 01:18:39,078 especially women, that often breeds resentment. 1082 01:18:49,419 --> 01:18:53,586 In Okinawa, this resentment ignited a riot in 1970. 1083 01:18:55,094 --> 01:18:59,096 Scores of American GI's were pulled from their cars 1084 01:18:59,096 --> 01:19:00,929 which were set alight. 1085 01:19:03,800 --> 01:19:08,089 For Washington and it's compliant ally in Tokyo, 1086 01:19:08,089 --> 01:19:11,922 it's this kind of insurrection that they fear. 1087 01:19:17,473 --> 01:19:19,762 During the making of this film, 1088 01:19:19,762 --> 01:19:22,649 a young woman was raped and murdered, 1089 01:19:22,649 --> 01:19:25,814 allegedly by an American military contractor 1090 01:19:25,814 --> 01:19:27,741 from one of the bases. 1091 01:19:32,636 --> 01:19:35,911 It was the latest of thousands of cases of violence 1092 01:19:35,911 --> 01:19:40,037 and it brought massive crowds into the streets, 1093 01:19:40,037 --> 01:19:41,150 demanding an end to the 1094 01:19:41,150 --> 01:19:44,233 military occupation of their country. 1095 01:19:52,974 --> 01:19:54,975 This is a Mace missile, 1096 01:19:54,975 --> 01:19:58,683 designed to carry a nuclear warhead. 1097 01:19:58,683 --> 01:20:01,558 During the Cold War, the United States 1098 01:20:01,558 --> 01:20:04,101 secretly installed nuclear weapons 1099 01:20:04,101 --> 01:20:06,601 at this launch pad in Okinawa. 1100 01:20:08,908 --> 01:20:11,658 Most of them were aimed at China. 1101 01:20:17,029 --> 01:20:19,580 Today, the nuclear missile site 1102 01:20:19,580 --> 01:20:22,231 is run by a Buddhist organization, 1103 01:20:22,231 --> 01:20:25,148 the Soka Gakkai, as a peace museum. 1104 01:20:26,748 --> 01:20:29,248 - In 1962, the atomic weapons, 1105 01:20:31,214 --> 01:20:33,386 that were on the missile, 1106 01:20:33,386 --> 01:20:35,053 was almost launched. 1107 01:20:37,112 --> 01:20:38,302 - They were almost launched? 1108 01:20:38,302 --> 01:20:42,808 - Yeah, according to the spokesman of this military base, 1109 01:20:42,808 --> 01:20:45,641 said they were ordered to prepare. 1110 01:20:46,828 --> 01:20:50,245 Then we received second order to stop it. 1111 01:20:52,895 --> 01:20:56,162 - One of the American servicemen 1112 01:20:56,162 --> 01:20:57,995 whose job was to fire the Mace missiles 1113 01:20:57,995 --> 01:21:01,663 has since revealed that China was a nuclear target 1114 01:21:01,663 --> 01:21:04,996 during the Cuban missile crisis in 1962. 1115 01:21:07,116 --> 01:21:11,435 - We were told that we had to launch all the missiles. 1116 01:21:11,435 --> 01:21:14,284 But we only had one missile headed towards Russia 1117 01:21:14,284 --> 01:21:15,696 and we did not see why we 1118 01:21:15,696 --> 01:21:18,291 should have to involve the other countries. 1119 01:21:18,291 --> 01:21:23,167 The captain suggested that everybody crack the doors open 1120 01:21:23,167 --> 01:21:26,852 so it would take less time to launch the missile 1121 01:21:26,852 --> 01:21:29,572 if the doors were cracked open. 1122 01:21:33,210 --> 01:21:34,363 - One of the launch crews 1123 01:21:34,363 --> 01:21:37,373 was on the point of firing their missiles 1124 01:21:37,373 --> 01:21:42,045 when a duty officer suspected the order was false. 1125 01:21:42,045 --> 01:21:43,554 - The officer that was on the B side 1126 01:21:43,554 --> 01:21:47,006 was told to send two men over there with 45's 1127 01:21:47,006 --> 01:21:48,694 and to shoot anybody that tried to launch 1128 01:21:48,694 --> 01:21:51,444 until the situation was resolved. 1129 01:21:53,296 --> 01:21:56,100 And it would only take like 15, 20 seconds 1130 01:21:56,100 --> 01:21:59,998 to run the distance between the two command centers. 1131 01:21:59,998 --> 01:22:03,787 So those two men kept that whole crew at bay 1132 01:22:03,787 --> 01:22:07,037 while we made a decision as what to do. 1133 01:22:10,457 --> 01:22:13,279 And it wasn't very long, maybe two or three seconds later 1134 01:22:13,279 --> 01:22:16,950 where a very nervous major came over the intercom 1135 01:22:16,950 --> 01:22:19,367 issuing the stand down order. 1136 01:22:22,591 --> 01:22:26,758 And then we just kind of looked at each other, like 1137 01:22:27,925 --> 01:22:31,592 we could have exterminated the whole planet. 1138 01:22:34,441 --> 01:22:37,110 The major who had given the launch order 1139 01:22:37,110 --> 01:22:39,305 was quietly court-martialed 1140 01:22:39,305 --> 01:22:42,055 and dismissed from the Air Force. 1141 01:22:43,591 --> 01:22:45,964 - That morning is just as familiar to me 1142 01:22:45,964 --> 01:22:48,738 and as clear as yesterday morning is. 1143 01:22:48,738 --> 01:22:50,886 And this is 53 years later 1144 01:22:50,886 --> 01:22:53,306 and how clear blue the sky was 1145 01:22:53,306 --> 01:22:56,361 and there was just some very light clouds 1146 01:22:56,361 --> 01:22:58,713 and there was a perfect breeze blowing 1147 01:22:58,713 --> 01:23:00,042 at the perfect temperature. 1148 01:23:00,042 --> 01:23:01,435 I did not know what the temperature was, 1149 01:23:01,435 --> 01:23:03,635 but it just felt perfect. 1150 01:23:03,635 --> 01:23:05,851 And we were all just kind of taking it in 1151 01:23:05,851 --> 01:23:08,257 and taking in the smell of the air 1152 01:23:08,257 --> 01:23:11,751 and the sea and the land mixture together 1153 01:23:11,751 --> 01:23:14,947 and everything smelled so beautiful. 1154 01:23:14,947 --> 01:23:18,674 - This is very interesting because it shows 1155 01:23:18,674 --> 01:23:22,841 the cities in China where these Mace missiles were aimed at. 1156 01:23:25,954 --> 01:23:28,204 Which ones do we have here? 1157 01:23:29,067 --> 01:23:30,900 - This Okinawa Island. 1158 01:23:31,959 --> 01:23:36,126 So within 2000 kilometers you find Peking, or Beijing, 1159 01:23:40,831 --> 01:23:44,081 Xi'an, Jiuzhaigou, Hong Kong, Shanghai, 1160 01:23:45,657 --> 01:23:49,490 Taiwan and Taipei, and Pyongyang, North Korea. 1161 01:23:51,665 --> 01:23:53,998 Within the range of missile. 1162 01:24:31,441 --> 01:24:32,609 - This is the work of 1163 01:24:32,609 --> 01:24:35,609 the Okinawan sculptor, Kinjo Minoru. 1164 01:24:36,830 --> 01:24:40,664 It's a tribute to the suffering and resistance 1165 01:24:40,664 --> 01:24:43,081 of the people of this island. 1166 01:25:07,593 --> 01:25:11,760 More than 1000 miles away on the Korean island of Jeju, 1167 01:25:12,898 --> 01:25:16,913 these symbols of struggle are hauntingly similar. 1168 01:25:16,913 --> 01:25:21,054 The work of Korean sculptor Koh Gil-chun, 1169 01:25:21,054 --> 01:25:25,221 represents another fight of island people for freedom. 1170 01:25:36,290 --> 01:25:39,943 A semi-tropical sanctuary of unusual beauty, 1171 01:25:39,943 --> 01:25:43,398 Jeju Island is a world heritage site. 1172 01:25:43,398 --> 01:25:46,761 The government of South Korea declared it 1173 01:25:46,761 --> 01:25:48,844 an island of world peace. 1174 01:25:55,898 --> 01:25:58,826 But on this island of peace has been built 1175 01:25:58,826 --> 01:26:03,319 one of the most provocative military bases in the world, 1176 01:26:03,319 --> 01:26:06,152 less than 400 miles from Shanghai. 1177 01:26:11,508 --> 01:26:14,601 Like Okinawa and the Marshall Islands, 1178 01:26:14,601 --> 01:26:18,232 this is America's frontline in it's so-called 1179 01:26:18,232 --> 01:26:19,565 "Pivot to Asia." 1180 01:26:22,532 --> 01:26:26,105 Here in once unspoiled Gangjeong Village, 1181 01:26:26,105 --> 01:26:28,870 the South Korean Navy has built a base 1182 01:26:28,870 --> 01:26:31,497 for American aircraft carriers, 1183 01:26:31,497 --> 01:26:34,330 nuclear submarines, and destroyers 1184 01:26:35,400 --> 01:26:38,068 equipped with the Aegis ballistic missile 1185 01:26:38,068 --> 01:26:40,235 aimed at China's defenses. 1186 01:26:44,817 --> 01:26:49,676 China's lifelines to the world in oil, trade, resources, 1187 01:26:49,676 --> 01:26:52,103 depend on shipping that comes through 1188 01:26:52,103 --> 01:26:53,936 chokepoints like this. 1189 01:26:56,365 --> 01:26:58,417 - The US pivot into the Asian-Pacific 1190 01:26:58,417 --> 01:27:01,341 is really intended to create the ability 1191 01:27:01,341 --> 01:27:04,081 to put a loaded gun to the head of China 1192 01:27:04,081 --> 01:27:06,823 and say, you will do as we say 1193 01:27:06,823 --> 01:27:08,930 otherwise we will be able to restrict. 1194 01:27:08,930 --> 01:27:11,474 We'll be able to shut down, choke off 1195 01:27:11,474 --> 01:27:15,141 your importation of oil and other resources. 1196 01:27:31,580 --> 01:27:33,352 - For nine years, every day, 1197 01:27:33,352 --> 01:27:36,010 often twice a day, these Catholic priests 1198 01:27:36,010 --> 01:27:38,652 have staged a mass that blocked the gates 1199 01:27:38,652 --> 01:27:42,128 of the new military base on Jeju Island. 1200 01:27:54,831 --> 01:27:57,496 In a country where political demonstrations 1201 01:27:57,496 --> 01:28:01,897 can be easily banned, unlike powerful religions, 1202 01:28:01,897 --> 01:28:06,494 the tactic has produced this spectacle of resistance. 1203 01:28:26,596 --> 01:28:29,277 Father Mun Jeong-hyeon has led the fight 1204 01:28:29,277 --> 01:28:31,610 to stop the base being built 1205 01:28:34,364 --> 01:28:38,031 and several times suffered serious injuries. 1206 01:28:59,575 --> 01:29:02,332 - I sing four songs everyday. 1207 01:29:02,332 --> 01:29:05,175 Before the Mass, during the Mass, at the end of the Mass 1208 01:29:05,175 --> 01:29:07,342 and the end of the rosary. 1209 01:29:10,096 --> 01:29:13,690 The content of song is very beautiful. 1210 01:29:13,690 --> 01:29:16,940 The writer and composer is the musician 1211 01:29:18,614 --> 01:29:20,031 from this island. 1212 01:29:21,229 --> 01:29:24,734 I love him very much and he gave me their song 1213 01:29:24,734 --> 01:29:28,234 which I practiced and I became a master 1214 01:29:28,234 --> 01:29:32,384 to sing that song because I practice everyday. 1215 01:29:32,384 --> 01:29:36,378 - You sing it with such passion. 1216 01:29:45,365 --> 01:29:46,767 - Sometimes we just wait. 1217 01:29:46,767 --> 01:29:49,488 Typhoon, typhoon strike! 1218 01:29:49,488 --> 01:29:50,763 - Do you sing then? 1219 01:29:50,763 --> 01:29:53,480 Do you have a Mass when the typhoons strike? 1220 01:29:53,480 --> 01:29:54,313 - Oh yes. 1221 01:29:56,038 --> 01:29:57,205 No exceptions. 1222 01:29:59,474 --> 01:30:01,965 - What will happen 1223 01:30:01,965 --> 01:30:04,638 if this base becomes operational? 1224 01:30:04,638 --> 01:30:07,041 - They have destroyed the environment, 1225 01:30:07,041 --> 01:30:09,933 they destroy the life of all of us. 1226 01:30:09,933 --> 01:30:14,100 We should be witness of their oppression and violence. 1227 01:30:15,682 --> 01:30:16,630 - Why do they do it? 1228 01:30:16,630 --> 01:30:21,276 - They'd like to rule the Pacific area, the whole area. 1229 01:30:21,276 --> 01:30:25,359 They'd like to make China isolated in this globe. 1230 01:30:27,276 --> 01:30:31,443 The US government want to be in power of this world. 1231 01:30:37,175 --> 01:30:40,032 - Meanwhile, a Quaker called Mr. Oh 1232 01:30:40,032 --> 01:30:43,491 joins them with his own ritual of protest, 1233 01:30:43,491 --> 01:30:47,158 accompanied by an artist called Wild Flower. 1234 01:32:32,365 --> 01:32:34,361 - This is the center of an empire 1235 01:32:34,361 --> 01:32:36,832 that never speaks its name, 1236 01:32:36,832 --> 01:32:41,295 whose power is represented in this extraordinary world map 1237 01:32:41,295 --> 01:32:43,545 of American military bases. 1238 01:32:48,599 --> 01:32:51,996 4000 bases in the United States, 1239 01:32:51,996 --> 01:32:55,996 almost 1000 bases spread across every continent. 1240 01:32:59,994 --> 01:33:01,879 - The archipelago of empire, 1241 01:33:01,879 --> 01:33:04,106 the bases that we have around the world 1242 01:33:04,106 --> 01:33:08,273 hidden in plain sight are the real territory of our empire 1243 01:33:09,125 --> 01:33:13,935 but at the same time we maintain independent governments 1244 01:33:13,935 --> 01:33:16,852 in Japan or South Korea or Germany. 1245 01:33:18,165 --> 01:33:20,355 They don't have autonomy when it comes to foreign policy. 1246 01:33:20,355 --> 01:33:24,195 So it's a very sophisticated and effective system 1247 01:33:24,195 --> 01:33:27,504 whereby we pat ourselves on the back for 1248 01:33:27,504 --> 01:33:30,587 helping to midwife democracy in Japan 1249 01:33:31,538 --> 01:33:34,624 and Germany and South Korea and various other places 1250 01:33:34,624 --> 01:33:37,894 while keeping the lid on in that we don't know 1251 01:33:37,894 --> 01:33:39,723 what these countries would do if they were 1252 01:33:39,723 --> 01:33:41,345 fully independent. 1253 01:33:41,345 --> 01:33:43,079 And the beauty of this system is that 1254 01:33:43,079 --> 01:33:46,249 most people pay no attention to it at all. 1255 01:33:46,249 --> 01:33:47,744 They think it's just a natural occurrence 1256 01:33:47,744 --> 01:33:51,216 to have 50,000 American troops in Japan. 1257 01:33:51,216 --> 01:33:55,041 - There's no country that has better anti-imperial credit-- 1258 01:33:55,041 --> 01:33:57,890 cred, then the United States. 1259 01:33:57,890 --> 01:33:59,055 And we are not trying to recreate 1260 01:33:59,055 --> 01:34:01,888 the glories of the British Empire. 1261 01:34:03,121 --> 01:34:05,687 We're arguing that the world is round. 1262 01:34:05,687 --> 01:34:07,604 We have a global policy 1263 01:34:09,138 --> 01:34:12,055 and all nations have global rights. 1264 01:34:13,581 --> 01:34:16,195 - No ocean has ever been dominated 1265 01:34:16,195 --> 01:34:20,362 the way the US dominates the Pacific, Navy and Air Force. 1266 01:34:21,783 --> 01:34:25,264 They claim that in the Pearl Harbor headquarters 1267 01:34:25,264 --> 01:34:29,645 of the Pacific Command, they claim to be responsible 1268 01:34:29,645 --> 01:34:33,586 for 52 percent of the Earth's surface. 1269 01:34:33,586 --> 01:34:36,412 And when you look at their logo, 1270 01:34:36,412 --> 01:34:39,360 it shows an eagle over the Aleutian Islands 1271 01:34:39,360 --> 01:34:42,056 with one tail coming down somewhere near Seattle 1272 01:34:42,056 --> 01:34:45,609 and the other coming down right over Beijing. 1273 01:34:45,609 --> 01:34:48,859 So Beijing looks at a network of bases, 1274 01:34:50,646 --> 01:34:52,732 a real archipelago of empire 1275 01:34:52,732 --> 01:34:55,396 that's been built up since the Korean War. 1276 01:34:55,396 --> 01:34:58,073 - You have had and still have 1277 01:34:58,073 --> 01:35:01,323 an arc of bases that start in Australia 1278 01:35:02,569 --> 01:35:03,666 and go through the Pacific-- 1279 01:35:03,666 --> 01:35:04,535 - No. 1280 01:35:04,535 --> 01:35:06,366 We have no bases in Australia. 1281 01:35:06,366 --> 01:35:08,525 - You have Pine Gap, you have Darwin-- 1282 01:35:08,525 --> 01:35:09,618 - No. 1283 01:35:09,618 --> 01:35:11,483 - And you have a new facility in Western Australia. 1284 01:35:11,483 --> 01:35:13,164 - No, to speak precisely, 1285 01:35:13,164 --> 01:35:16,334 we have no military bases in Australia. 1286 01:35:16,334 --> 01:35:20,501 What we do is is operate with and in Australian bases. 1287 01:35:23,949 --> 01:35:27,782 But we're not in the basing business nowadays. 1288 01:35:31,875 --> 01:35:34,419 - There's a growing collection of what are referred to as 1289 01:35:34,419 --> 01:35:35,752 "lilypad bases." 1290 01:35:36,642 --> 01:35:40,873 These are bases that have typically two, 300 troops, 1291 01:35:40,873 --> 01:35:44,649 no family members, very few amenities, 1292 01:35:44,649 --> 01:35:46,615 and they are often quite secretive. 1293 01:35:46,615 --> 01:35:48,637 They are bases that are frequently constructed 1294 01:35:48,637 --> 01:35:52,205 within a foreign country's base to disguise it 1295 01:35:52,205 --> 01:35:56,279 and generally are not referred to as bases. 1296 01:35:56,279 --> 01:35:58,360 - Many of these bases have been set up 1297 01:35:58,360 --> 01:36:02,277 to combat China's worldwide economic influence. 1298 01:36:05,675 --> 01:36:10,489 From these bases, the United States operates a secret army 1299 01:36:10,489 --> 01:36:11,906 in 147 countries. 1300 01:36:14,688 --> 01:36:16,114 - If you're gonna be a free country 1301 01:36:16,114 --> 01:36:18,891 rather than give in to every gangster regime in the world, 1302 01:36:18,891 --> 01:36:20,717 you're gonna have to take a risk. 1303 01:36:20,717 --> 01:36:23,497 'Cause the gangsters, they want to eliminate 1304 01:36:23,497 --> 01:36:26,751 good people in the world so they can-- 1305 01:36:26,751 --> 01:36:30,489 and in China, they want to dominate all of the Far East, 1306 01:36:30,489 --> 01:36:31,535 they want to dominate. 1307 01:36:31,535 --> 01:36:34,454 Just like Japan wanted to before World War Two. 1308 01:36:34,454 --> 01:36:37,043 Their goal was to dominate that part of the world. 1309 01:36:37,043 --> 01:36:41,210 Today, because there's been no political reform in Beijing, 1310 01:36:42,097 --> 01:36:46,587 these guys want to dominate a huge chunk of the planet. 1311 01:36:47,420 --> 01:36:49,609 - Andrew Krepinevich served on 1312 01:36:49,609 --> 01:36:52,143 America's National Defense Panel. 1313 01:36:52,143 --> 01:36:56,189 He's a military strategist and war planner. 1314 01:36:56,189 --> 01:36:59,796 - You've written that airstrikes and naval blockades 1315 01:36:59,796 --> 01:37:03,046 have a role to play in punishing China. 1316 01:37:04,995 --> 01:37:08,998 You've described the need for sea mines. 1317 01:37:08,998 --> 01:37:11,626 You've described the need for special forces, 1318 01:37:11,626 --> 01:37:15,793 US Special Forces, and missiles placed on islands. 1319 01:37:17,062 --> 01:37:19,774 This sounds like a preparation for war. 1320 01:37:19,774 --> 01:37:22,163 - Our first president, George Washington, 1321 01:37:22,163 --> 01:37:25,180 said that if you want peace, prepare for war. 1322 01:37:25,180 --> 01:37:28,651 And essentially what the United States is doing again 1323 01:37:28,651 --> 01:37:32,818 is responding to provocative behavior on the part of China. 1324 01:37:33,677 --> 01:37:36,292 And just as we did in the Cold War, 1325 01:37:36,292 --> 01:37:40,459 the idea was to have a position of military strength 1326 01:37:41,983 --> 01:37:43,875 such that your adversaries were not tempted 1327 01:37:43,875 --> 01:37:46,505 to act in aggressive ways or 1328 01:37:46,505 --> 01:37:49,072 try and employ coercion to get their way. 1329 01:37:49,072 --> 01:37:53,590 - Just last week the US Navy sent a guided missile destroyer 1330 01:37:53,590 --> 01:37:57,423 into the Spratly Islands, the South China Sea. 1331 01:37:59,176 --> 01:38:02,136 And what was different about this, I think, 1332 01:38:02,136 --> 01:38:05,682 was that Chinese fighters scrambled. 1333 01:38:05,682 --> 01:38:08,345 That sounds like an escalator. 1334 01:38:08,345 --> 01:38:10,928 - Well again, from an American prospective, 1335 01:38:10,928 --> 01:38:12,923 the escalation was that the Chinese 1336 01:38:12,923 --> 01:38:16,166 beginning to militarize these islands in the first place, 1337 01:38:16,166 --> 01:38:20,392 moving its military capabilities down into that region, 1338 01:38:20,392 --> 01:38:22,304 engaging in provocative behavior against 1339 01:38:22,304 --> 01:38:26,304 the commercial activities and military forces of 1340 01:38:27,481 --> 01:38:29,137 other minor countries in the region 1341 01:38:29,137 --> 01:38:31,240 that have claim to those islands. 1342 01:38:31,240 --> 01:38:34,864 So it's a response to Chinese intimidation rather-- 1343 01:38:34,864 --> 01:38:38,701 - Excuse me, how is commerce being intimidated 1344 01:38:38,701 --> 01:38:40,839 in the South China Sea? 1345 01:38:40,839 --> 01:38:42,529 - There have been no military forces, 1346 01:38:42,529 --> 01:38:44,096 no military bases there. 1347 01:38:44,096 --> 01:38:45,214 The Chinese-- 1348 01:38:45,214 --> 01:38:47,346 - Except the United States military base. 1349 01:38:47,346 --> 01:38:48,600 - Not in the South China Sea. 1350 01:38:48,600 --> 01:38:50,209 Not even in the Philippines because 1351 01:38:50,209 --> 01:38:52,678 the United States withdrew its forces in the Philippines. 1352 01:38:52,678 --> 01:38:55,508 - But the United States is back in the Philippines. 1353 01:38:55,508 --> 01:38:57,771 - The Philippines and the United States have announced 1354 01:38:57,771 --> 01:39:00,557 five different locations scattered all throughout 1355 01:39:00,557 --> 01:39:02,497 the Philippines where US troops will 1356 01:39:02,497 --> 01:39:06,140 be stationed on a rotational basis. 1357 01:39:06,140 --> 01:39:08,633 - This threat to China from yet more 1358 01:39:08,633 --> 01:39:12,789 US bases on its doorstep was not an issue 1359 01:39:12,789 --> 01:39:17,036 when an arbitration tribunal ruled against China's claims 1360 01:39:17,036 --> 01:39:21,203 to the strategic Spratly Islands in the South China Sea. 1361 01:39:23,168 --> 01:39:26,585 In 2015, the US Navy rehearsed a blockade 1362 01:39:28,210 --> 01:39:30,965 that would cut China's lifelines of oil 1363 01:39:30,965 --> 01:39:33,298 and trade and raw materials. 1364 01:39:34,629 --> 01:39:38,379 The danger of confrontation grows by the day. 1365 01:39:40,762 --> 01:39:43,932 - The US Navy is on the doorstep of China 1366 01:39:43,932 --> 01:39:46,485 regardless of disputed islands 1367 01:39:46,485 --> 01:39:49,853 and is there with low-draft ships, 1368 01:39:49,853 --> 01:39:51,686 planes, battle groups. 1369 01:39:52,589 --> 01:39:54,949 It's right on the doorsteps. 1370 01:39:54,949 --> 01:39:56,281 What of Chinese ships? 1371 01:39:56,281 --> 01:40:00,265 What if the equivalent was off California? 1372 01:40:00,265 --> 01:40:04,224 - Well John, we ask ourselves that question regularly. 1373 01:40:04,224 --> 01:40:08,391 And it's important to put yourself in the other guy's shoes. 1374 01:40:09,406 --> 01:40:10,785 So look. 1375 01:40:10,785 --> 01:40:14,452 We don't operate in the Pacific in an effort 1376 01:40:16,399 --> 01:40:21,133 to scare China, to contain China, to backfoot China. 1377 01:40:21,133 --> 01:40:24,505 Our operations and our presence, 1378 01:40:24,505 --> 01:40:28,822 first of all, is warmly welcomed by the vast majority 1379 01:40:28,822 --> 01:40:32,068 of the coastal states, but secondly, 1380 01:40:32,068 --> 01:40:34,627 is fully accepted by the Chinese. 1381 01:40:34,627 --> 01:40:35,914 Time after time-- 1382 01:40:35,914 --> 01:40:38,887 - Excuse me, is it fully accepted? 1383 01:40:38,887 --> 01:40:41,309 - Yes, by their words. 1384 01:40:41,309 --> 01:40:42,676 The Chinese leaders-- 1385 01:40:42,676 --> 01:40:46,436 - My impression is that they're scared. 1386 01:40:46,436 --> 01:40:49,487 - And this is what they're scared of. 1387 01:40:49,487 --> 01:40:52,487 A noose of bases right around China. 1388 01:40:57,305 --> 01:41:00,305 Missiles, bombers, drones, warships. 1389 01:41:02,355 --> 01:41:04,105 A provocation of war. 1390 01:41:07,343 --> 01:41:11,910 - Today, I state clearly and with conviction. 1391 01:41:11,910 --> 01:41:15,417 America's commitment to seek the peace and security 1392 01:41:15,417 --> 01:41:17,896 of a world without nuclear weapons. 1393 01:41:21,634 --> 01:41:23,311 - Under Obama, 1394 01:41:23,311 --> 01:41:25,542 nuclear warhead spending has risen higher 1395 01:41:25,542 --> 01:41:30,425 than under any president since the end of the Cold War. 1396 01:41:30,425 --> 01:41:33,074 - It's all a magician's show because 1397 01:41:33,074 --> 01:41:36,418 at the same time that Obama is talking about that, 1398 01:41:36,418 --> 01:41:38,447 not only is he spending a trillion dollars 1399 01:41:38,447 --> 01:41:41,184 to modernize US nuclear forces, 1400 01:41:41,184 --> 01:41:43,454 but he's deploying these missile defense systems 1401 01:41:43,454 --> 01:41:45,385 to encircle Russia and China, 1402 01:41:45,385 --> 01:41:47,701 which makes it impossible to 1403 01:41:47,701 --> 01:41:50,337 get rid of nuclear weapons in that climate. 1404 01:41:50,337 --> 01:41:53,391 - Everybody wants to look like they're tough. 1405 01:41:53,391 --> 01:41:54,770 See, I gotta be tough. 1406 01:41:54,770 --> 01:41:57,581 I'm not afraid of doing anything military. 1407 01:41:57,581 --> 01:41:58,883 I'm not afraid of threatening. 1408 01:41:58,883 --> 01:42:01,340 I'm a hairy-chested gorilla. 1409 01:42:01,340 --> 01:42:05,040 And you don't want to look like you're weak, 1410 01:42:05,040 --> 01:42:09,207 so what you do is you talk more and more aggressively 1411 01:42:10,622 --> 01:42:13,596 and if you don't want to do it yourself, 1412 01:42:13,596 --> 01:42:17,476 because you maybe think it doesn't look very presidential, 1413 01:42:17,476 --> 01:42:20,976 you let somebody under you do the talking. 1414 01:42:23,959 --> 01:42:25,703 And the United States has gotten into a situation 1415 01:42:25,703 --> 01:42:29,536 where there's a lot of military saber-rattling 1416 01:42:30,620 --> 01:42:34,708 and it's really being orchestrated from the top. 1417 01:42:34,708 --> 01:42:38,875 - Yeah, that seems incredibly dangerous, all of this. 1418 01:42:39,886 --> 01:42:43,523 - That's an understatement, I think, but I agree. 1419 01:42:43,523 --> 01:42:45,923 - When you routinely plan for mass murder, 1420 01:42:45,923 --> 01:42:47,697 you become conditioned to it. 1421 01:42:47,697 --> 01:42:49,052 That's what this is. 1422 01:42:49,052 --> 01:42:50,155 We accept it. 1423 01:42:50,155 --> 01:42:51,993 Oh yeah, we have nuclear weapons. 1424 01:42:51,993 --> 01:42:54,761 - The Defense Secretary has just announced 1425 01:42:54,761 --> 01:42:58,604 that there will be warships and special forces 1426 01:42:58,604 --> 01:43:01,391 and planes sent to the Philippines 1427 01:43:01,391 --> 01:43:04,292 and the Wall Street Journal has described this as 1428 01:43:04,292 --> 01:43:08,459 "the vanguard of a major US presence in Southeast Asia." 1429 01:43:10,496 --> 01:43:11,329 That sounds like-- 1430 01:43:11,329 --> 01:43:13,240 - Where does this end? 1431 01:43:13,240 --> 01:43:14,669 What's the purpose? 1432 01:43:14,669 --> 01:43:17,163 I mean, where are we going to stop this process 1433 01:43:17,163 --> 01:43:19,771 before it starts a war? 1434 01:43:19,771 --> 01:43:22,240 And then if the war starts, where does that end? 1435 01:44:07,889 --> 01:44:10,497 The scientific studies that I teach by the scientists 1436 01:44:10,497 --> 01:44:12,397 that predict that the Earth can be made 1437 01:44:12,397 --> 01:44:14,662 essentially uninhabitable from nuclear war, 1438 01:44:14,662 --> 01:44:17,224 the scientists have been begging the Obama administration-- 1439 01:44:17,224 --> 01:44:18,623 well, they wouldn't say begging. 1440 01:44:18,623 --> 01:44:20,410 But they have made multiple requests 1441 01:44:20,410 --> 01:44:22,304 to meet with them and discuss these predictions 1442 01:44:22,304 --> 01:44:23,508 because they're peer-reviewed studies 1443 01:44:23,508 --> 01:44:26,441 and they've been turned down over and over again. 1444 01:44:26,441 --> 01:44:27,989 They've been peripherally told that, 1445 01:44:27,989 --> 01:44:30,295 well we don't think the long-term 1446 01:44:30,295 --> 01:44:32,489 environmental consequences of nuclear war 1447 01:44:32,489 --> 01:44:33,945 are all that important if the immediate effects 1448 01:44:33,945 --> 01:44:36,303 of nuclear war don't stop it. 1449 01:44:36,303 --> 01:44:38,722 That the long-term environmental consequences of nuclear war 1450 01:44:38,722 --> 01:44:41,979 are liable to wipe out the human race. 1451 01:44:41,979 --> 01:44:43,555 - In one exchange, 1452 01:44:43,555 --> 01:44:47,661 nuclear exchange between the US and China, 1453 01:44:47,661 --> 01:44:50,244 what could be the consequences? 1454 01:44:51,179 --> 01:44:52,501 - Well let me just give you an example 1455 01:44:52,501 --> 01:44:55,350 of what one Chinese four or five megaton warhead 1456 01:44:55,350 --> 01:44:59,895 would do to a city in the United States if it got through. 1457 01:44:59,895 --> 01:45:02,273 The detonation of that weapon over a city 1458 01:45:02,273 --> 01:45:03,973 would instantly ignite about 1459 01:45:03,973 --> 01:45:06,640 six or 700 square miles on fire. 1460 01:45:07,735 --> 01:45:09,703 And within 20 to 30 minutes, 1461 01:45:09,703 --> 01:45:11,134 all of those fires would coalesce 1462 01:45:11,134 --> 01:45:13,472 into a single gigantic firestorm. 1463 01:45:13,472 --> 01:45:14,686 There would be no escape from it. 1464 01:45:14,686 --> 01:45:17,170 So all the people there would perish. 1465 01:45:17,170 --> 01:45:18,458 So the US, with say, 1466 01:45:18,458 --> 01:45:22,835 hundreds of nuclear weapons on Chinese cities. 1467 01:45:22,835 --> 01:45:25,335 When you combine all the smoke 1468 01:45:26,313 --> 01:45:27,718 from these nuclear weapons detonating, 1469 01:45:27,718 --> 01:45:30,239 it actually creates millions of tons of smoke. 1470 01:45:30,239 --> 01:45:33,629 Black carbon smoke that'll rise above cloud level 1471 01:45:33,629 --> 01:45:35,814 into the stratosphere, it's heated by the sun, 1472 01:45:35,814 --> 01:45:37,557 it acts like a solar collector. 1473 01:45:37,557 --> 01:45:38,951 And that smoke, because of that, 1474 01:45:38,951 --> 01:45:42,138 will stay there for 10 years or longer. 1475 01:45:42,138 --> 01:45:43,607 And what the smoke does is it blocks 1476 01:45:43,607 --> 01:45:46,917 warming sunlight from reaching the surface of the earth 1477 01:45:46,917 --> 01:45:50,211 and it becomes so cold in a matter of just a couple of weeks 1478 01:45:50,211 --> 01:45:52,877 that the temperature will fall below freezing 1479 01:45:52,877 --> 01:45:55,627 every day for one to three years. 1480 01:45:58,117 --> 01:46:00,461 And it will become too cold to grow food crops 1481 01:46:00,461 --> 01:46:02,967 for at least 10 years or longer. 1482 01:46:13,248 --> 01:46:15,145 - I mean, there's a total disconnect 1483 01:46:15,145 --> 01:46:16,896 with the changing world. 1484 01:46:16,896 --> 01:46:21,417 You have a giant rising power, in this case, China. 1485 01:46:21,417 --> 01:46:23,419 Why would you expect a giant rising power 1486 01:46:23,419 --> 01:46:26,756 to not want to have more control over its destiny? 1487 01:46:26,756 --> 01:46:28,298 What we should be doing in my view 1488 01:46:28,298 --> 01:46:32,465 is trying to cultivate a sense of friendship and cooperation 1489 01:46:33,493 --> 01:46:35,495 and we can have our differences with them. 1490 01:46:35,495 --> 01:46:36,825 If we think they're doing something in trade 1491 01:46:36,825 --> 01:46:39,987 that we don't like, let's have it out with them. 1492 01:46:39,987 --> 01:46:41,403 But this saber-rattling is 1493 01:46:41,403 --> 01:46:43,321 the worst thing we can possibly do. 1494 01:46:48,770 --> 01:46:51,770 - It is time to show the whole world 1495 01:46:53,481 --> 01:46:55,506 that America is back. 1496 01:46:55,506 --> 01:46:59,673 Bigger, and better, and stronger than ever before. 1497 01:47:02,283 --> 01:47:04,950 We don't have victories anymore. 1498 01:47:06,081 --> 01:47:08,507 We used to have victories, but we don't have 'em. 1499 01:47:08,507 --> 01:47:12,340 When was the last time anybody saw us beating, 1500 01:47:13,417 --> 01:47:14,750 let's say China? 1501 01:47:15,830 --> 01:47:18,917 In a trade deal, they kill us. 1502 01:47:18,917 --> 01:47:21,940 We can't continue to allow China 1503 01:47:21,940 --> 01:47:24,683 to rape our country, and that's what they're doing. 1504 01:47:24,683 --> 01:47:28,623 It's the greatest theft in the history of the world. 1505 01:47:32,278 --> 01:47:34,571 - The new president, Donald Trump, 1506 01:47:34,571 --> 01:47:36,654 has a problem with China. 1507 01:47:37,903 --> 01:47:39,875 The urgent question now is, 1508 01:47:39,875 --> 01:47:43,075 will Trump continue with the provocations 1509 01:47:43,075 --> 01:47:47,242 revealed in this film and take us all to the edge of war? 1510 01:47:50,907 --> 01:47:54,171 - There never have been two countries 1511 01:47:54,171 --> 01:47:56,404 more interdependent on each other 1512 01:47:56,404 --> 01:47:59,154 than China and the US in history. 1513 01:48:01,046 --> 01:48:02,795 And China is the largest trading nation 1514 01:48:02,795 --> 01:48:05,219 in the world and in history. 1515 01:48:05,219 --> 01:48:08,827 So China's economy and their societies, their lives, 1516 01:48:08,827 --> 01:48:11,410 are linked to the entire world. 1517 01:48:12,736 --> 01:48:15,365 Including America and the West and all the other countries. 1518 01:48:15,365 --> 01:48:17,858 So I think interdependence between these two countries 1519 01:48:17,858 --> 01:48:21,585 and among all the nations of the world, 1520 01:48:21,585 --> 01:48:23,547 speak to peace. 1521 01:48:54,524 --> 01:48:56,422 - We don't have to accept the word 1522 01:48:56,422 --> 01:49:00,163 of those who conjure up threats and false enemies 1523 01:49:00,163 --> 01:49:03,580 to justify the business and profit of war 1524 01:49:04,645 --> 01:49:08,514 if we recognize there is another superpower, 1525 01:49:08,514 --> 01:49:10,424 and that's us. 1526 01:49:10,424 --> 01:49:14,340 Ordinary people everywhere, like the people of Okinawa, 1527 01:49:14,340 --> 01:49:17,492 Jeju Island, the Marshall Islands, 1528 01:49:17,492 --> 01:49:19,575 China, the United States. 1529 01:49:20,764 --> 01:49:24,931 By speaking out, they deliver a warning to all of us. 1530 01:49:26,551 --> 01:49:29,384 Can we really afford to be silent?120601

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