Original subtitles

is this glass scarab from

Tutankhamun's burial chamber not from this

world

what exactly is it from and where does it come from

a real mystery

is this 4000 year old clay tablet the

building instructions for Noah's Ark sells

a property build a ship load it

with animals

and how can it It may be that this red

piece of moon rock contains traces of life.

On closer inspection it becomes even stranger.

Fascinating mysterious objects

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long hidden in museums, laboratories and

archives.

Now we can use the latest

technology to reveal their secrets.

We can recreate them

and bizarre reveal

these are the strangest things in the world

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in the great museum in Giza one of the

most important treasures of ancient

Egypt is exhibited

the pectoral of Tutankhamun

the piece of jewelry lay on the chest of the

young king's mummy it was supposed to be on his

body protect the journey into the underworld

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with the latest technology we are

now revealing his ancient riddle

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the almost 15 cm long 3000 year old

piece of jewelry was made of silver and gold

and is artfully crafted

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you can see it in the many hieroglyphs

at its center a striking and

enigmatic stone

represents the sun god

the body of the scarab is made of

a single piece of glass

it is yellowish green and extraordinarily

clear a piece of perfect glass

it is super perfect there is

no other

artifact so ancient in the world that is so flawless

is

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the latest research now answers

long-standing questions about the pectoral

Tutankhamun

where does the glass of the gabio come from how did

it come about what makes it so

unique

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hidden in this sand and rock are the remains of a millennia-old advanced culture

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100 years ago, the English

archaeologist Howard Carter came across a

sensational

map and found the tomb of the Pharaoh

Tutankhamun, a king of the 18th

dynasty who was only about 20 years old.

He died over 3,000 years ago. His tomb

contains an incomparable treasure. There

were around 5,000 items in the tomb

a fantastic moment for

historical science

statues gold jewels chariots

animal figures and the famous sarcophagus

with the death mask of the pharaoh

it is one of the most significant

discoveries in the history of

archeology between the artifacts

tomcat finds a highly unusual

object

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in its midst the scarab from a

Glass that is unlike any other from this time

had a great symbolic meaning

for the ancient Egyptians, among

other things, it stood for transformation and it was associated with

the movement of the sun across the sky,

which repeats itself daily, which is why it

also represented renewal and rebirth

Of all things, glass

was chosen as the material for an object with

such symbolic power

a huge area even outside of

Egypt they had access to valuable

gemstones gold and other

mineral resources so why

is a piece of glass the

center of the pectoral and not gold

silver lapis lazuli a turquoise or

the like

is not particularly difficult or

complex

Klaus is

pretty simple, you just need sand

and heat, you melt the sand and can

then mix it with other materials,

for example metal oxides like the glass,

but in ancient Egypt, glass is rare

and the Egyptians are fascinated by the material, including

the blue stripes

Tutankhamun's dead mask is made

of glass,

almost magical. The Egyptian

character for glass means

flowing stone.

They knew

the process but hadn't

perfected it yet. Glass was still something

mysterious.

Glass was never flawless.

The ancient Egyptians don't look like

today's ones clear and

transparent it is rather cloudy and full of

inclusions and air bubbles because their

ovens were not hot enough to completely melt the sand

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not it is perfect which means it

could not have been made by the ancient Egyptians or

any other civilization of the

time its

real mystery -

there is not only artificial glass

but also natural glass, for example

obsidian

Obsidian is created by one of the

most powerful natural forces on earth

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Obsidian is formed when

lithium-rich magma

cools quickly after a volcanic eruption and

therefore does not form a crystal structure,

the result is obsidian

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e

consists of oxygen but also

contains many foreign substances such as

iron oxide which also forms smaller crystals.

This dark coloring of the

piece of jewelry looks completely different

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it can't be obsidian

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glass can form not only during volcanic eruptions but

also when lightning strikes When sand hits

the high temperatures at the

impact point, the sand melts and

so-called fulgurettes are created.

Lightning is the origin of the scarab. It is

prepared to

create something larger around the lightning strike, which has

nothing to do with this piece of jewelry.

The glass of the scarab was again

created by lightning nor through a

volcanic eruption.

People can't have made it either.

Where did it come from? Then for years,

archaeologists have not been able to answer this question. The

first clues appear during an

expedition to the largest desert in the world

on the Sahara

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a group of adventurers searched for in

the Egyptian Libyan Border to the

legendary city very Syrian

one of them was the British

surveyor Patrick Layton as he

drove his car through the desert

he heard a crunching sound to his amazement

the desert floor is littered with pieces of

a transparent greenish yellow

glass

he takes some with him to England and

take it to the Natural History Museum there

no one knows what it is

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only 50 years later a team of

Italian scientists investigates Clayton's

discovery -

the fingerprints have geochemical properties - this

proves the scarab was made from the

glass from the Berlin desert

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but that will be one new question on why

is such flawless glass lying around in the middle of

the Sahara

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a clue may be found in

a remote desert valley in New

Mexico USA called hornada del muerto the

path of the dead her similar glass forms

a circle in the sand it has a

diameter of 30 meters and is

perfectly round as if it were of human

origin and it is.

On July 16, 1945, the Trinity test took

place. The first successful detonation

of an atomic bomb.

The first tangible result of the

Manhattan Project. They had to

check whether it worked.

The bomb was detonated a kind of platform

in the desert ignited

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a fireball spreads out it is

three times as hot as the surface of the

sun a mushroom-shaped cloud rises almost

12 km into the atmosphere

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explosion had an explosive power of

20,000 tons of TNT

the test leads to an unexpected

by-product

when scientists later examined the site

of the explosion they found

small pieces of glass they called it

trinity

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in a startling way but they can't

possibly have the same origin

so the grass couldn't have been created

in ancient Egypt there were no atomic bombs

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no force of nature on earth has the same

power as an atomic explosion

so where did the energy that

led to the creation of the scarab glass come from

is there a reference to it in the tomb of Tutankhamun

there is another object from the tomb that

was questions

but

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Ancient Egypt still dates back to the

Bronze Age.

The first evidence of the use

of iron in ancient Egypt only appeared

800 years after Tutankhamun's death. The

ancient Egyptians

cannot possibly have made this dagger.

Like the glass of the scarab, the

iron also clearly puzzles

my test test Scientists

actually did chemical analysis of the blade

they found a fairly high

proportion of nickel in it

the blade is made up of eleven percent

nickel no naturally occurring iron

has such a high nickel content

with one exception

the core of a meteorite

on earth one most of them are too

small to make itself noticeable but

some are much larger

February 15, 2013

Russia a meteor the size of a

six-story building penetrates the

earth's atmosphere at a

speed of almost 65,000 km per

hour,

it exploded 25 km above the earth's surface and

released only 20 times as much energy

free like the Trinity bomb

had hit the earth, it could have

turned sand into glass

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the glass of the scarab comes from a

meteorite impact in the Sahara. In

2019, some geologists took a

closer look at the structure of the desert glass and, among

other things, found a

foreign substance called circumm

in the mineral they notice an

unusual arrangement of atoms,

this is only found in zircon, which is

formed when a certain crystal decays, which is very rare

reddit

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only occurs when the atoms are extremely compressed together at high

temperature and under high pressure

On Earth, such

conditions only arise during a specific

event. The glass

was probably formed

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29 million years ago in the

great sand sea

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there is still a question: where is the cat?

A meteorite with so much energy must have

a crater with 30 kilometers

diameters,

which is extremely difficult in a desert.

Your desert is constantly changing when

you climb up a thin one and

come back after two days. The wind has

long since blown away your footprints,

so the crater has also disappeared,

but we haven't

found

the old ones yet Egyptians probably didn't benefit from

the extraterrestrial origin of the

scarab glass, but they knew it was

something very special.

The ancient Egyptians certainly didn't

know how this glass was created, but

they recognized that it was very rarely

flawless and beautiful,

it is truly worthy of a king,

this perfect one A

piece of glass formed by a meteorite is actually out

of this world.

More than 400,000

of these ancient clay tablets have been found in the Middle East.

They come from one of the oldest

known civilizations.

One of the tablets in particular contains

amazing things

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the 4000 year old tablet is

just 12 x 6 cm tall it contains a

text in cuneiform

it is the oldest writing on earth

next to the hieroglyphs of the ancient Egyptians

the writing is very small very

compressed in

2009 the text will be translated its content

is a sensation

s the tablet contains instructions for

building one Boat of a large one about half the

length of a football field. The

meaning and purpose of the boat are also in the

text. It is a command from God to

a man and exactly instructions on

how he should save his family and his four.

Sounds like a well-known

Bible story

but the tower tablet is a thousand years

older than the Old Testament how can

that be

the parallels between the Sumerian

text in cuneiform and the story

of Noah's Ark are striking

it is an instruction from the god Enki to

a man named attraases

who should sell his possessions build a boat

and take it with him loaded with animals

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the instructions for building the boat are

amazingly detailed

the clay tablet contains instructions for building

a boat made of wicker a

so-called coracle

tied together with ropes and sealed with bitumen

today Iraq is known for its

petroleum is a byproduct of oil it

is made Also used to produce modern

asphalt in Misopotamia,

they used it to seal and waterproof their boat hulls.

With such

boats, Mesopotamia even

crossed several times.

The construction principle of this messenger has

not changed for thousands of years.

They are still used today

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but on the clay tablet it's not about

a usual schilfotos

the board describes is almost as big

as a football field

in one line it says build the floor

as big as a field a field is an

old unit of measurement that corresponds to around 3600

square meters, so

the ship would have a diameter of 67

meters In a football stadium it would

cover more than half of the field.

Not only is the size reminiscent of

the story of Noah's Ark.

On the board it says that the animals

should be brought onto the boat in pairs. This is

the story of a man

with his family a God

is saved from a flood is a

parallel that sounds exactly like the

story of the flood in

Genesis

it is unlikely that there were two

great floods

the story of Noah for the

Bible may have been adopted from a much older

culture

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Written in Arcadian the language is

not so botanius Today in this

area lie Iraq, southern Turkey,

western Iran and eastern Syria

ran along the Euphrates and is considered by

many to be the paths of

civilizations, including canals and

irrigation systems, the first concepts

of law and government

The most important achievements

were the development of writing.

With the invention of writing, the

rise of cities began. Many goods

and food were needed to

feed the inhabitants and so that the

cities could develop.

The

movement of goods could be documented with cuneiform

if I could give you one

There is a certain amount of grain for storage, it is good to be

able to prove that

this means

the writing was invented by accountants

in the third millennium BC

the writing became more complex and

abstract like the one on the Ark tablet,

stories could now

be written down with it, for example about

a huge Ship with animals in

pairs almost 1000 years before the

first Hebrew texts about Noah's Ark,

this ancient Babylonian story was

the origin of the story

from Genesis.

Attacked Jerusalem twice, enslaved

its inhabitants and took them

to Babylon.

The book of Daniel describes the life of the

Judea in Babylon

they heard the Babylonian stories

which in turn went back to the old

Misopotamian stories

like the ones about the flood

they adopted these stories into their own legends

is the story of Noah just a

legend or did that really happen

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interestingly there are several texts

In cuneiform writing that describes a flood

there is nothing on the archetic tablet about the flood

itself,

but there are three other tablets that talk

about such floods. The Erido

Genesis is an almost 4000 year old

Sumerian story, it is about

a king and about a god of

destruction A

flood is predicted for humanity, it

storms and rains for seven days and nights

without a break.

According to theories, all of these

stories could go back to an actual

flood in the Black Sea. In

1997, some marine geologists

hypothesized that there was

a flash flood there over 7,000 years ago

According to the theory, the cause of

the flood could have been tied to the end of the last ice age.

The sea level at that time was

extremely

low,

so much so that the Mediterranean finally

flooded the land bridge to the Black Sea and the Bosporus was created

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a huge tidal wave poured into the

Black Sea According to

calculations, the floods had

200 times the amount of water per minute of

Niagara Falls, a lot of water would have

flowed into the Black Sea in a very short time,

up to 100,000 square kilometers of land

could have been flooded,

but the theory is still

controversially discussed among scientists today -

there is another possible one

Explanation of the history of the great

flood and it matches the location where the Ark

tablet was found.

There are many flood areas. The

sows are flooded when the rivers

overflow their banks. In

extreme weather conditions there is a lot of rain or

heavy melting of snow. So large

areas can be flooded

from like a sea

Scientists come across

sediments from a flood

5000 years ago at a depth of over 3 meters shortly before the Ark

tablet was written on the

flood plain the city was in

front of Europarkan stories about these Noah-like figures so

there could actually have been a flood

but we probably never will Find out whether

the huge ship whose construction the

clay tablet describes ever really existed

or perhaps

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the answer could be on another

ancient clay tablet. There are

more than 130,000 of these clay tablets in the British Museum alone.

We have

only deciphered a fraction of them

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most of them haven't been translated yet

there are so many texts there will never

be enough experts to translate all the ancient

cuneiform artifacts

but there may be a solution to

this problem artificial intelligence

you scan images of the cuneiform

and the computer deciphers their

meaning it can

Recognize and translate symbols directly and supplement damaged

or missing symbols from the

context. Many tablets are

not completely preserved.

Artificial intelligence can

reconstruct missing parts. This means we can translate a

lot of cuneiform texts in a short time.

Who knows what else we might be able

to find out about in the future

The whole story

of the ark is written on one of the thousands of clay

tablets in our museums and archives

that have not yet been translated.

The value of this inconspicuous stone in

a European museum was

estimated at half a million dollars. They

said it came from the moon but is that true

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It weighs just over 80 grams and measures

about 5 x 2.5 cm,

quite large for a piece of moon rock.

It is huge and looks somehow

strange. It is indeed strange.

Close inspection shows that this is

not true. The mysterious object is

puzzling scientists So what

gets weirder under the microscope are

structures that are reminiscent of cells

and that no other

moon rock has. The red color of

the stone is also unique and

it is not exhibited in a natural history museum

but in an art museum

in the Netherlands

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as a scientist in Finally,

examine it more closely and

question its authenticity.

When you are presented with an alleged moonstone,

it is always very

likely that there is something wrong with it.

New research questions how

we should even define moonstone,

but how did this stone

come from the Earth's satellite to a Dutch museum

At least we know how moon rocks

normally got to us on Earth

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with the Apollo missions,

however, the astronauts didn't come to

the moon primarily to collect rocks, the Americans

really wanted to be on the moon before the Soviets,

that was the space the race into

space they wanted to be the first to land there

and plant their flag. It's

not really like that, but it felt like

the USA won the race on July 20, 1969.

NASA wants to convey to the Americans

that their $25 billion in

tax money will get more out of it than just

a victory against the Soviets that the

matter also has a scientific value

only 21 hours on the moon at that

time they planted the

American flag for example but just as

important they also collected some

rock samples

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from which samples answers

important questions about the moon

The biggest ones were

and how did they come about, which

leaves us with another question:

if moon rocks are of such great

scientific value, what is

this stone doing in a

Dutch museum

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After their return, the Apollo

astronauts are world stars with a

large-scale PR campaign

US President Richard Nixon wants to show everyone

his country's technical superiority

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with the idea of ​​organizing a world tour

and sent the

astronauts to 24 countries.

It was like the Beatles, everyone knew

them and everyone wanted to see

them. They met dignitaries, kings and

queens Presidents and

Prime Ministers everyone wanted

to be part of the Apollo program some were

lucky enough and actually got a

share

it's a huge pr-kur for the

United States they give every

US state and 135 countries in the

world a small piece of moon rock each

and now here comes this Reichsmuseum in

Amsterdam came into play in

1991 and received a donation from the

private collection of the former

Dutch Prime Minister

Willen Drews, including the alleged

stone from the moon

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grace-ambassador received as a

reminder of the visit of the Apollo 11

astronauts to the Netherlands,

so the stone ended up in the

Art museum but why did it become a stumbling block

for science

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It lies in the museum's storage for 15 years

until it becomes the centerpiece of an

exhibition about space.

The museum insures it for 500,000. It

attracts the attention of a

scientist who visits the exhibition

Beginning of the controversy

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it all just can't be right

the first problem its size

80 grams heavy far too big for a

piece of mouth stone

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only a small amount of samples returned

to earth on Apollo 11 it was

just 22 kilos The Americans

gave away moon rocks to other countries. They

were only a few grams each, a

crumb the size of a grain of rice, but the

thing is a real chunk. It's

not just the size that irritates the

scientists. Thanks to the

Apollo missions, they know the moon is

gray

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the stone In the Reichsmuseum roth is

rare, there is green food there

is a reason for this,

most rock on earth contains

a lot of iron when it comes into contact with air or

water it rusts, that does

n't happen on the moon, there is

virtually no atmosphere there, just a little water

The iron doesn't react

when scientists look at the stone under

the microscope in 2009, it becomes even

stranger -

small holes filled with

quartz crystals - that can't be the case.

This mineral is common on Earth,

but for the formation of

quartz crystals it needs heat and

water, both of which are there the moon

and the scientists came across an

even bigger surprise - traces of

life -

clearly organic cell-like

structures

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the alleged moonstone is not a

normal stone but petrified

wood, a

fist-sized red stone that

was insured for half a million dollars In reality it is a very old

piece

then it cannot come from the moon.

Effort is on the moon it is desolate and

empty there is no liquid water and

almost no atmosphere so

the two basic requirements

for plants to

only grow in one way are missing With an artificial greenhouse,

plants could survive on the moon

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In 2019, the Chinese

change mission landed a miniature biosphere on the moon.

They wanted to germinate a few different seeds in it.

There were also

fruit flies in there that were supposed to buzz around up there

and yeast that they were

supposed to eat,

the flies and the yeast didn't

survive but one of the seeds

actually germinated now there was

a cotton seedling with two tiny

leaves of the Drees moonstone is

petrified wood the Chinese

experiment shows that there could have once been trees on the moon

the experiment failed quickly the

cotton seedling went because of the

Ice-cold moonlit nights at

temperatures of around minus 170 degrees,

frost damage can occur.

Growing on the moon is

completely impossible. No, maybe

there was microbial life for a short period of time a very long time ago,

but a

forest never,

so this stone doesn't come from that Moon

is it simply a fake

it wouldn't be the first time

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the theft of moon rocks has been

a problem from the start

it is incredibly valuable there are

numerous diamonds in the world

but only a few hundred pieces of the

moon each of them is unique and

incredibly valuable

in the last 60 years some

of the gifted stones have been stolen and

sold

the prices are rising and rising in

1998 the US customs confiscated the

moonstone from Honduras it had been stolen

it is the size of a

fingernail and was supposed to

cost 5 million dollars

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Bringing it could theoretically be worth it

because the real one is so valuable.

However, there is no evidence that

anyone should be cheated with this stone.

The plaque that belongs to the Drehs stone

looks completely different than that of the

other moonstones that are given away and

the word center is in the

Written in British spelling,

the error is so obvious that

a forgery is unlikely.

Maybe it was just a

misunderstanding.

There is no motive either.

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had the best intentions when he

donated his collection to the museum to

sell it for 5 million dollars.

That was certainly only a

misunderstanding or he was

mistaken in his memory there is

in any case no evidence of an attempt to

deceive or enrich

one thing is certain

and rock is earth rock

and there is no earth rock on the moon

at least thought that all new

research could disprove this

1971 brought Apollo 14 A particularly

large piece of moon rock with the chunk

was named Big Burger.

Big Burger came with the

Apollo program but was examined again in 2019.

Inside, the scientists come

across a two centimeter large

rock fragment that is four billion

years old, but its age is not

the decisive factor

and quartz on Earth there are

lots of them

but on the moon they hardly exist at all.

The only explanation sounds unbelievable.

A piece has arrived.

A violent meteorite impact on

Earth could have thrown chunks of rock into space with enormous

force

Some of it apparently landed on the moon

and was then

accidentally picked up by the Apollo astronauts

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if we

stumble across earth rocks on our third lunar mission, there will

certainly be a lot more

of them there.

Dree's moonstone was never on the moon,

it comes from the earth is certain

but thanks to big Burger we now know that

the two are not necessarily mutually exclusive.

There are no petrified trees on the

moon but there are earth rocks that are there

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