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DAVID ATTENBOROUGH:
A Bengal tiger.
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00:00:42,200 --> 00:00:45,280
She is looking for prey.
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00:00:51,120 --> 00:00:53,280
One of these deer, perhaps.
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00:01:23,600 --> 00:01:25,720
But the slightest sound
from her...
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00:01:25,720 --> 00:01:26,920
TWIG SNAPS
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00:01:26,920 --> 00:01:28,520
...could warn them.
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00:01:33,960 --> 00:01:36,640
DEER CALLING
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She will have to try elsewhere.
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00:01:49,840 --> 00:01:51,920
The forests of the world
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00:01:51,920 --> 00:01:57,280
are home to two-thirds of all
species of mammals.
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00:02:06,400 --> 00:02:11,600
For them, it is the most important
habitat of all.
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00:02:22,160 --> 00:02:24,600
Equatorial Africa.
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00:02:30,520 --> 00:02:32,600
Chimpanzees.
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00:02:38,760 --> 00:02:43,240
This young chimp has discovered
a cloud of bees.
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00:02:43,240 --> 00:02:45,480
They're coming from a hole
in the tree,
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00:02:45,480 --> 00:02:49,240
and he knows that there could be
something sweet in there.
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00:02:52,760 --> 00:02:54,400
But it's well defended.
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00:02:56,400 --> 00:02:58,040
BUZZING
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00:03:00,600 --> 00:03:05,480
The alpha male knows the kind of bee
that doesn't sting.
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00:03:12,320 --> 00:03:14,880
But they live underground.
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00:03:15,960 --> 00:03:19,800
So, to get their honey,
you need a tool.
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00:03:24,160 --> 00:03:26,640
A straight stick should do the job.
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If it's the right length.
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A sniff tells him that there is
honey down there somewhere.
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Got it.
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00:04:21,560 --> 00:04:25,600
He found it - and the others
will have to wait.
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00:04:35,240 --> 00:04:37,320
Mm!
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00:04:37,320 --> 00:04:39,760
That looks nice.
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00:04:39,760 --> 00:04:42,560
Is there enough for two, perhaps?
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00:04:50,960 --> 00:04:53,080
Apparently not.
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00:04:58,920 --> 00:05:01,520
Perhaps he's left some behind.
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00:05:06,240 --> 00:05:07,880
No.
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00:05:12,160 --> 00:05:13,960
BIRDS CHIRP
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00:05:13,960 --> 00:05:19,000
But up in the trees,
there is more substantial prey.
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Red-capped mangabeys.
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The alpha male investigates.
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00:06:12,720 --> 00:06:15,960
Others stay on the ground
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00:06:15,960 --> 00:06:19,040
and get ahead of the mangabeys.
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00:06:36,520 --> 00:06:40,600
And then some quietly climb
into the trees.
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The trap is set.
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LOUD SCREECH
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The leader charges.
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00:07:27,640 --> 00:07:30,080
MANGABEYS CALL
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Some hunters return
to the forest floor...
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...to prevent their prey from coming
to the ground.
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In panic, the monkeys flee
directly towards
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the chimps waiting in ambush.
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00:08:13,560 --> 00:08:15,600
SCREECHING
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And are caught.
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00:08:28,520 --> 00:08:31,360
The chimps, young and old,
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females and males,
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all share in the feast.
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Teamwork has won, and is rewarded.
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00:09:03,200 --> 00:09:08,360
The forests of Madagascar have
their own special fauna,
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and it's unlike any other
in the world.
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00:09:19,480 --> 00:09:22,600
Among the strangest creatures
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are little mammals called tenrecs.
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00:09:27,960 --> 00:09:30,680
They have poor eyesight,
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but a keen sense of smell,
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and will eat almost any
small creature
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they can find in the leaf litter.
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00:09:45,680 --> 00:09:50,040
And they manage to find food
almost anywhere.
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00:10:14,200 --> 00:10:17,160
One of the smaller members
of the family
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00:10:17,160 --> 00:10:19,840
is having difficulty in keeping up.
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00:10:28,680 --> 00:10:31,200
And there are dangers around.
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00:11:02,520 --> 00:11:07,000
The mother realises that one
of her family is missing.
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00:11:11,320 --> 00:11:15,840
She calls to the wanderer using
a special instrument -
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a patch of stiff bristles
on her back
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that can be vibrated.
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00:11:21,600 --> 00:11:23,720
RATTLING
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The wanderer recognises the summons
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and heads towards it.
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00:11:50,720 --> 00:11:55,000
But adult and young are separated
by a stream.
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00:12:00,240 --> 00:12:03,320
It's only a metre or so across,
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00:12:03,320 --> 00:12:07,520
but that is quite a distance
for a tiny tenrec.
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00:12:26,240 --> 00:12:31,280
Oddly, perhaps, tenrecs can swim.
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00:12:57,320 --> 00:13:00,080
Now it'll have to climb.
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00:13:05,040 --> 00:13:09,040
Strong toes and hooked claws
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00:13:09,040 --> 00:13:12,440
enable it to cope with
the slippery mud.
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00:13:18,400 --> 00:13:20,360
Reunited.
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00:13:34,160 --> 00:13:39,840
Madagascar's rainforests are
tropical, hot and dense.
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00:13:41,680 --> 00:13:45,600
The forests of North America
are also thick.
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00:13:47,360 --> 00:13:50,880
But they are very cold indeed.
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00:13:59,320 --> 00:14:02,160
This is the home
of the forest bobcat.
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00:14:08,160 --> 00:14:10,440
High in the trees,
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00:14:10,440 --> 00:14:14,680
a lone female has seen what
she's been waiting for.
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00:14:17,360 --> 00:14:19,440
The meal that will be essential
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00:14:19,440 --> 00:14:21,800
if she is to survive
the coming winter.
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00:14:30,680 --> 00:14:34,360
The streams are full of newcomers.
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00:14:36,920 --> 00:14:38,480
Salmon.
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00:14:40,440 --> 00:14:43,240
Having spent years feeding at sea,
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00:14:43,240 --> 00:14:46,160
they come back here to spawn.
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00:14:50,280 --> 00:14:53,680
Otters have been waiting for them
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00:14:53,680 --> 00:14:56,120
and know how to catch them.
95
00:15:11,600 --> 00:15:16,520
But cats don't have thick
waterproof fur, like otters.
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00:15:22,480 --> 00:15:25,880
And few like getting their feet wet.
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00:15:35,520 --> 00:15:39,480
She's much more at home on land
than in the water.
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00:15:44,680 --> 00:15:47,760
A fallen tree across the river
could help.
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00:15:51,640 --> 00:15:53,360
LOUD SPLASHING
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00:15:57,000 --> 00:16:00,200
She follows the salmon upstream...
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00:16:03,880 --> 00:16:07,760
...looking for a place where
they're forced to swim close
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00:16:07,760 --> 00:16:10,440
to the river bank.
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00:16:20,000 --> 00:16:24,280
One of these fish could weigh more
than she does.
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00:16:28,960 --> 00:16:31,960
This is not going to be easy.
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00:16:43,960 --> 00:16:46,480
It's too big and powerful...
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00:16:47,600 --> 00:16:51,960
...but these huge fish are
worth fighting for.
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00:17:07,360 --> 00:17:11,040
She follows the river still
further upstream.
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00:17:26,480 --> 00:17:28,480
It's now narrower...
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00:17:28,480 --> 00:17:30,200
...but swifter.
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00:17:48,000 --> 00:17:50,760
This could be her chance.
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00:18:24,400 --> 00:18:30,000
This is the first bobcat ever
filmed catching salmon.
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00:18:38,920 --> 00:18:43,160
It's an extraordinary display
of the determination
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00:18:43,160 --> 00:18:48,320
that she will need if she is to
survive the cold months ahead.
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00:18:59,640 --> 00:19:01,720
As temperatures fall,
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00:19:01,720 --> 00:19:07,240
some forests have become draped
in a thick layer of snow.
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00:19:13,720 --> 00:19:17,280
Most of the animals that were here
in the summer
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00:19:17,280 --> 00:19:20,520
have long since retreated south.
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00:19:22,920 --> 00:19:27,240
Those that remain have to dig
to reach the vegetation
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00:19:27,240 --> 00:19:29,720
that lies beneath the snow.
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00:19:32,400 --> 00:19:34,800
But high in the trees,
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00:19:34,800 --> 00:19:38,600
one mammal gets about without
touching the ground.
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00:19:47,360 --> 00:19:49,760
A Siberian squirrel.
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00:19:55,240 --> 00:19:57,200
It...
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...can glide.
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00:20:22,880 --> 00:20:28,040
A furry membrane stretches from
its wrists to its ankles.
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00:20:31,960 --> 00:20:35,840
There could hardly be a more
efficient way of travelling.
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00:20:53,760 --> 00:20:55,800
At this time of the year,
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00:20:55,800 --> 00:20:59,560
the female squirrels are not only
feeding for themselves.
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00:21:11,880 --> 00:21:16,240
They're also raising families.
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00:21:21,400 --> 00:21:24,440
A disused woodpecker's nest hole
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00:21:24,440 --> 00:21:28,480
protects the young squirrels
from the sub-zero temperature.
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00:21:38,480 --> 00:21:41,280
Their mother's precious milk
must sustain them
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00:21:41,280 --> 00:21:43,720
throughout the winter.
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00:21:54,720 --> 00:21:56,920
Five weeks later...
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00:21:58,920 --> 00:22:03,520
...the warmth of spring has
transformed the forests.
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00:22:14,480 --> 00:22:19,400
It's time for the young squirrels
to leave the shelter of their nest.
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00:22:22,120 --> 00:22:25,720
But first flights are
somewhat daunting.
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00:22:44,920 --> 00:22:47,960
One of the youngsters seems keen.
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00:22:50,160 --> 00:22:53,880
And one not quite so confident.
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00:22:53,880 --> 00:22:58,880
The first climbs up the tree,
while the other watches.
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00:23:00,000 --> 00:23:03,720
The higher up they go,
the further they will glide.
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00:23:08,320 --> 00:23:09,560
And then...
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00:23:12,480 --> 00:23:14,240
...lift-off!
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00:23:18,880 --> 00:23:21,440
Made it.
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00:23:21,440 --> 00:23:25,360
But the other seems to have
pre-flight nerves.
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00:23:35,040 --> 00:23:38,960
Perhaps he'll try... tomorrow.
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00:23:42,880 --> 00:23:46,000
The warm forests of Costa Rica.
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00:23:47,440 --> 00:23:50,240
One sound rings out in the dawn.
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00:23:50,240 --> 00:23:53,160
HOWLING ECHOES
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00:23:55,360 --> 00:23:59,880
It can travel for almost three miles
in every direction.
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00:24:03,040 --> 00:24:07,280
It's the loudest call made
by any land mammal.
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00:24:08,880 --> 00:24:10,680
And the singer?
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00:24:14,880 --> 00:24:17,280
A howler monkey.
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00:24:18,720 --> 00:24:22,560
A dominant male is proclaiming
his family's occupation
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00:24:22,560 --> 00:24:25,520
of this particular patch of forest.
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00:24:41,640 --> 00:24:46,280
They eat fruit, but primarily
they are leaf-eaters,
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00:24:46,280 --> 00:24:50,640
and they have already stripped
this tree of most of its leaves.
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00:24:55,120 --> 00:24:57,520
It's time for them to move on.
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00:24:59,440 --> 00:25:02,680
But they rarely descend
to the ground.
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00:25:06,280 --> 00:25:09,040
Like many South American monkeys,
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00:25:09,040 --> 00:25:11,640
they have a grasping tail
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00:25:11,640 --> 00:25:15,400
that they use, in effect,
as a fifth limb.
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00:25:21,080 --> 00:25:25,200
With its help, they manage
to bridge great gaps.
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00:25:39,640 --> 00:25:42,360
Living in such large groups...
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00:25:43,920 --> 00:25:47,400
...there is always help
for the youngsters.
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00:25:54,400 --> 00:25:58,240
But sometimes,
when you're 30 metres up,
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00:25:58,240 --> 00:26:02,640
you have to take a leap of faith.
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00:26:17,560 --> 00:26:20,360
Once, they could find great areas
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00:26:20,360 --> 00:26:23,160
of uninterrupted forest canopy.
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00:26:29,480 --> 00:26:35,800
But today, they have to venture into
towns to find the leaves they need.
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00:26:41,600 --> 00:26:43,920
The alpha male is the leader.
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00:26:45,440 --> 00:26:48,000
It's up to him to find food.
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00:26:51,440 --> 00:26:54,640
This is alien territory.
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00:27:05,920 --> 00:27:08,120
And up here,
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00:27:08,120 --> 00:27:10,040
there are dangers.
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00:27:10,040 --> 00:27:11,920
ELECTRICITY CRACKLES
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00:27:12,920 --> 00:27:15,360
They don't know exactly
what they are...
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00:27:30,400 --> 00:27:32,200
...but they follow.
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00:27:36,040 --> 00:27:37,840
TRAFFIC PASSES
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00:27:43,600 --> 00:27:47,640
Their grasping tails are
now particularly valuable...
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00:27:49,640 --> 00:27:51,960
...and reach cables above them.
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00:27:53,640 --> 00:27:58,040
But if they touch more than one
uninsulated electricity cable...
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00:28:00,680 --> 00:28:02,960
...the shock will kill them.
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00:28:23,800 --> 00:28:27,040
ELECTRICITY BUZZES FAINTLY
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00:28:30,480 --> 00:28:32,840
In the past three years,
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00:28:32,840 --> 00:28:37,480
nearly 1,000 monkeys have
been electrocuted here.
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00:28:52,440 --> 00:28:56,040
He keeps a watchful eye
on his family.
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00:29:29,600 --> 00:29:31,920
Once everyone is safely across,
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00:29:31,920 --> 00:29:33,880
he follows.
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00:29:54,160 --> 00:29:59,000
At last, they can all feed.
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00:30:08,440 --> 00:30:11,480
That is not only essential
for the howlers...
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00:30:14,720 --> 00:30:18,640
...but also for many of the trees
on which they feed,
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00:30:18,640 --> 00:30:22,480
which rely on them both for
pollinating the flowers
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00:30:22,480 --> 00:30:27,280
and for distributing the seeds
that the fruits contain.
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00:30:30,480 --> 00:30:34,640
It's a partnership,
with rewards for each.
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00:30:43,640 --> 00:30:46,240
And nowhere is
this interdependence
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00:30:46,240 --> 00:30:49,240
between plants and mammals
more impressive...
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00:30:50,800 --> 00:30:53,240
...than here in central Africa.
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00:30:55,560 --> 00:30:57,480
CHIRPING
200
00:31:00,920 --> 00:31:03,600
These straw-coloured fruit bats
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00:31:03,600 --> 00:31:07,320
have flown right across
the continent
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00:31:07,320 --> 00:31:11,000
in order to visit this one small
particular patch
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00:31:11,000 --> 00:31:13,080
of forest in Zambia.
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00:31:17,400 --> 00:31:21,320
Bats are the only mammals
that have powered flight.
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00:31:28,480 --> 00:31:32,360
And this enables them to visit
the Zambian forest
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00:31:32,360 --> 00:31:35,960
at precisely the time that
fruit trees are ripening.
207
00:31:41,400 --> 00:31:43,680
The roost is a crowded place.
208
00:31:48,280 --> 00:31:52,720
And bats, like all of us,
have things they need to do.
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00:32:01,320 --> 00:32:03,600
One thing is for certain.
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00:32:04,840 --> 00:32:08,240
It's better not to be
in the lower branches.
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00:32:27,120 --> 00:32:30,360
The heat of the day has passed,
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00:32:30,360 --> 00:32:35,200
and as the light fades,
the bats start to take off.
213
00:32:39,480 --> 00:32:42,200
Guided by their acute sense
of smell,
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00:32:42,200 --> 00:32:44,640
they head off in search of fruit.
215
00:32:57,560 --> 00:33:05,320
Within just 30 minutes, some
ten million bats take to the air.
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00:33:11,800 --> 00:33:16,400
This is the largest and densest
concentration of mammals
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00:33:16,400 --> 00:33:19,440
to be found anywhere
on the planet.
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00:33:49,880 --> 00:33:55,320
They consume up to 5,000 tonnes
of fruit every night.
219
00:33:57,800 --> 00:34:00,720
And within three short weeks,
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00:34:00,720 --> 00:34:05,160
they will distribute over
a billion seeds.
221
00:34:05,160 --> 00:34:08,800
Enough to plant an entire forest.
222
00:34:13,800 --> 00:34:19,040
But today, both these bats and
their forest are under threat.
223
00:34:26,120 --> 00:34:28,920
Human beings have claimed the land,
224
00:34:28,920 --> 00:34:33,440
cutting down trees to create farms
and build houses.
225
00:34:40,120 --> 00:34:41,760
THUNDER CRACKS
226
00:34:41,760 --> 00:34:45,960
The delicate natural balance
is at risk.
227
00:34:55,720 --> 00:35:00,360
Without our protection,
the survival of entire forests
228
00:35:00,360 --> 00:35:04,240
and their remarkable inhabitants
are in danger.
229
00:35:18,240 --> 00:35:23,400
But the impact of human activity
is not always so obvious.
230
00:35:25,880 --> 00:35:31,160
In Uganda, the warming of the world
is changing the landscape.
231
00:35:38,280 --> 00:35:40,600
As temperatures rise,
232
00:35:40,600 --> 00:35:44,520
the cactus-like euphorbia trees
are spreading.
233
00:35:47,000 --> 00:35:50,720
And some terrestrial animals
are spreading, too.
234
00:35:57,600 --> 00:36:00,520
Not laterally, but upwards.
235
00:36:02,800 --> 00:36:07,080
This pride of lions is starting
to claim new territory.
236
00:36:09,480 --> 00:36:11,000
FLY BUZZES
237
00:36:14,240 --> 00:36:18,480
In the branches, it can be
several degrees cooler
238
00:36:18,480 --> 00:36:20,600
than at ground level.
239
00:36:26,680 --> 00:36:29,320
It's a nice place to relax...
240
00:36:32,480 --> 00:36:36,320
...if you can find somewhere
comfortable to do so.
241
00:36:36,320 --> 00:36:38,280
PANTING
242
00:36:41,640 --> 00:36:46,040
Lions aren't really suited for life
in the trees...
243
00:36:49,880 --> 00:36:52,840
...and they're still trying to get
accustomed to it.
244
00:37:05,920 --> 00:37:09,440
But there is little point in getting
properly comfortable...
245
00:37:09,440 --> 00:37:11,320
SNORTS
246
00:37:12,600 --> 00:37:15,760
...if there are hungry mouths
to be fed.
247
00:37:23,720 --> 00:37:26,960
The dominant female leads
the pride...
248
00:37:26,960 --> 00:37:28,400
GROWLS PLAYFULLY
249
00:37:28,400 --> 00:37:31,400
...followed closely by the cubs.
250
00:37:57,640 --> 00:38:00,120
But instead of starting to hunt,
251
00:38:00,120 --> 00:38:03,360
these lions behave rather strangely.
252
00:38:09,360 --> 00:38:11,960
They start to climb.
253
00:38:24,120 --> 00:38:26,640
It's not only cooler
in the branches...
254
00:38:31,600 --> 00:38:36,280
...they also get a better view of
what is going on around them.
255
00:38:45,480 --> 00:38:50,760
Up there, their scent is less
noticeable than at ground level.
256
00:38:55,120 --> 00:38:59,280
Their prey seem to forget that
they are even there...
257
00:39:02,480 --> 00:39:06,360
...and stray ever closer
to their tree.
258
00:39:24,440 --> 00:39:29,360
Silently, the adult lions
drop into action.
259
00:39:51,440 --> 00:39:54,440
The cubs watch.
260
00:40:09,200 --> 00:40:13,600
Now patience is all-important.
261
00:40:29,520 --> 00:40:31,600
SNARLING
262
00:40:34,920 --> 00:40:37,720
The cubs can't stop playing.
263
00:40:39,520 --> 00:40:41,720
That is too much.
264
00:40:46,840 --> 00:40:48,080
LOW GRUNT
265
00:40:49,320 --> 00:40:52,600
These youngsters still have
a lot to learn.
266
00:41:09,480 --> 00:41:12,400
The adult lions are also adapting.
267
00:41:26,600 --> 00:41:29,200
Many things are changing.
268
00:41:35,640 --> 00:41:39,280
The future for the hunters
on the savannah
269
00:41:39,280 --> 00:41:41,960
is by no means certain.
270
00:41:54,960 --> 00:41:56,480
India.
271
00:42:00,480 --> 00:42:04,440
Hidden deep in a protected tract
of jungle...
272
00:42:04,440 --> 00:42:05,840
CUB SQUEAKS
273
00:42:05,840 --> 00:42:08,280
...a new generation of tiger cubs
274
00:42:08,280 --> 00:42:11,120
are taking their first steps
into the forest.
275
00:42:21,320 --> 00:42:23,320
SQUEAKY GROWLS
276
00:42:23,320 --> 00:42:27,800
They are healthy and strong,
and growing fast.
277
00:42:33,520 --> 00:42:38,280
Their mother will soon have to go
out into the forest to hunt.
278
00:43:15,920 --> 00:43:18,600
The increasing heat of summer
279
00:43:18,600 --> 00:43:22,000
has already scorched
the trees and shrubs...
280
00:43:23,360 --> 00:43:25,640
...and the jungle is bare.
281
00:43:32,320 --> 00:43:37,960
Many prey animals have left the
forest to look for food elsewhere.
282
00:43:41,160 --> 00:43:45,360
Those that remain are on high alert.
283
00:44:08,800 --> 00:44:11,240
It's increasingly hot.
284
00:44:14,000 --> 00:44:17,560
{\an8}These deer are cooling off
in a forest lake.
285
00:44:26,720 --> 00:44:31,840
In the water, stealth and camouflage
will be of no help to her.
286
00:44:45,280 --> 00:44:47,640
But she still needs to hunt.
287
00:45:05,760 --> 00:45:09,560
She gets as close as she can
to her prey,
288
00:45:09,560 --> 00:45:12,920
exploiting every last bit of cover.
289
00:45:32,400 --> 00:45:34,520
SQUEALING
290
00:45:48,400 --> 00:45:50,440
{\an8}She splits the herd.
291
00:45:59,480 --> 00:46:01,360
{\an8}She may be powerful...
292
00:46:02,880 --> 00:46:07,720
{\an8}...but chasing prey in deep water
is exhausting.
293
00:46:22,440 --> 00:46:25,640
{\an8}She selects an individual
near the shore...
294
00:46:27,200 --> 00:46:29,640
{\an8}...and drives it back into
the forest.
295
00:46:39,080 --> 00:46:43,400
{\an8}Once on dry land, she can use
all her power and speed.
296
00:47:01,760 --> 00:47:05,880
{\an8}Within minutes,
the deer is suffocated.
297
00:47:15,760 --> 00:47:19,920
The tiger's great intelligence
and physical skills
298
00:47:19,920 --> 00:47:24,120
make it one of the forest's
most impressive hunters.
299
00:47:29,240 --> 00:47:33,000
If we protect these rich
and diverse forests,
300
00:47:33,000 --> 00:47:36,520
the mammals that live in them
will thrive.
301
00:47:40,400 --> 00:47:44,080
Here in India,
in the space of just 20 years,
302
00:47:44,080 --> 00:47:47,920
the number of Bengal tigers
has doubled.
303
00:47:53,200 --> 00:47:57,880
There are more than 6,000 species
of mammals on Earth.
304
00:47:57,880 --> 00:48:03,000
But their fate lies in the hands
of just one.
305
00:48:04,440 --> 00:48:06,080
Us.
306
00:48:08,720 --> 00:48:11,760
If we make the right decisions,
307
00:48:11,760 --> 00:48:14,320
we can safeguard the future
308
00:48:14,320 --> 00:48:16,960
not just for our fellow mammals...
309
00:48:18,560 --> 00:48:22,480
...but for all life on Earth.
310
00:48:49,200 --> 00:48:51,480
DAVID ATTENBOROUGH:
Over the course of four years,
311
00:48:51,480 --> 00:48:54,680
the Mammals team travelled
across the globe...
312
00:48:55,760 --> 00:48:59,280
...filming in a great variety
of forests.
313
00:49:01,880 --> 00:49:06,040
But one story took them to
an unexpected setting.
314
00:49:07,600 --> 00:49:12,800
In Costa Rica, they found themselves
on the streets of Playa Hermosa.
315
00:49:15,720 --> 00:49:18,960
Despite being one of the most
forested countries,
316
00:49:18,960 --> 00:49:23,280
even here wildlife is competing
for space with humans.
317
00:49:27,840 --> 00:49:33,400
For howlers, living in a fragmented
forest has grave consequences.
318
00:49:33,400 --> 00:49:35,440
Close to the...
319
00:49:35,440 --> 00:49:42,120
The team enlisted the help of local
howler expert Ines Azofeifa Rojas.
320
00:49:42,120 --> 00:49:47,000
The male from troop two
and two males from troop three.
321
00:49:48,880 --> 00:49:51,240
I love the howlers.
322
00:49:51,240 --> 00:49:53,240
They are the gardeners
of the forest.
323
00:49:53,240 --> 00:49:56,680
They teach me how to live
in one environment
324
00:49:56,680 --> 00:49:58,600
and help another species.
325
00:50:01,200 --> 00:50:05,520
Ines has been researching these
howlers for the past seven years,
326
00:50:05,520 --> 00:50:08,320
observing them as they travel
in search of food
327
00:50:08,320 --> 00:50:11,480
through the town that cuts across
their forest.
328
00:50:12,640 --> 00:50:17,560
When the troop is on the move,
just as in the forest,
329
00:50:17,560 --> 00:50:20,280
their instinct is to stay up high.
330
00:50:24,400 --> 00:50:28,880
So when they reach a road,
they use power lines.
331
00:50:35,760 --> 00:50:37,360
One male.
332
00:50:38,960 --> 00:50:42,640
Oh, my God. This is so close
to the electric cable.
333
00:50:44,960 --> 00:50:49,560
If they touch more than one
uninsulated cable at the same time,
334
00:50:49,560 --> 00:50:52,720
they will get a fatal
electric shock.
335
00:50:57,040 --> 00:51:01,640
Each death can have a huge
consequence for the troop,
336
00:51:01,640 --> 00:51:05,920
and Ines has witnessed this
first-hand.
337
00:51:05,920 --> 00:51:07,920
ELECTRICITY BUZZES FAINTLY
338
00:51:10,240 --> 00:51:13,640
When we found an alpha male
in the power lines,
339
00:51:13,640 --> 00:51:18,000
we also lost all the infants
before one year,
340
00:51:18,000 --> 00:51:21,720
because the new alpha male
kill all of these infants
341
00:51:21,720 --> 00:51:23,840
to produce a new generation.
342
00:51:23,840 --> 00:51:25,640
So this is a big problem
343
00:51:25,640 --> 00:51:27,640
because we don't lost just
one individual.
344
00:51:30,960 --> 00:51:35,160
Whilst 80% of howlers
that get electrocuted die...
345
00:51:37,520 --> 00:51:39,280
...some survive.
346
00:51:43,520 --> 00:51:45,920
These are often infants.
347
00:51:51,000 --> 00:51:55,480
Attached to their mothers, they are
protected from a direct shock.
348
00:52:00,480 --> 00:52:02,640
But there is hope.
349
00:52:07,160 --> 00:52:10,640
There are volunteers and
organisations working
350
00:52:10,640 --> 00:52:15,120
across the area to get medical
treatment to those affected.
351
00:52:23,360 --> 00:52:26,680
Ines is part of an online
response team,
352
00:52:26,680 --> 00:52:30,720
on call day or night
to rescue survivors.
353
00:52:30,720 --> 00:52:32,800
Last night, we received a call.
354
00:52:32,800 --> 00:52:35,280
One female was electrocution.
355
00:52:35,280 --> 00:52:38,520
This female have an infant
approximately one year.
356
00:52:38,520 --> 00:52:42,760
And this infant I take to
the rescue centre.
357
00:52:45,520 --> 00:52:50,400
With their help, these individuals
have a chance to survive.
358
00:52:51,480 --> 00:52:53,960
But it's a long road to recovery.
359
00:52:55,280 --> 00:52:58,960
Throughout the region, there are
just a handful of vets
360
00:52:58,960 --> 00:53:02,160
primed to treat electrocution
victims.
361
00:53:02,160 --> 00:53:05,360
Check the mouth, the teeth,
how they're doing.
362
00:53:06,680 --> 00:53:08,520
This is a very big problem
363
00:53:08,520 --> 00:53:11,000
because it's so many of them
getting electrocuted
364
00:53:11,000 --> 00:53:13,400
that we can be working
with one animal
365
00:53:13,400 --> 00:53:16,280
and be receiving an emergency call
right away.
366
00:53:16,280 --> 00:53:18,280
The survival rate is very low.
367
00:53:18,280 --> 00:53:22,360
Maybe 15 to 20% of the patients that
arrive to us after an electrocution,
368
00:53:22,360 --> 00:53:24,200
they actually are able to survive
369
00:53:24,200 --> 00:53:26,720
and be able to be released back
into the wild.
370
00:53:26,720 --> 00:53:29,160
We're going to do all
the regular check-up
371
00:53:29,160 --> 00:53:31,360
that these individuals need.
372
00:53:31,360 --> 00:53:33,040
Check the lungs and the heart.
373
00:53:33,040 --> 00:53:35,960
Mm-hm. Everything sounds good.
374
00:53:35,960 --> 00:53:39,280
She will be with us for at least
three to four years.
375
00:53:39,280 --> 00:53:42,000
During the next year that
she's going to be with us,
376
00:53:42,000 --> 00:53:44,560
she's always going to be
intensive care,
377
00:53:44,560 --> 00:53:48,160
because electrocution can cause
severe injuries months,
378
00:53:48,160 --> 00:53:50,280
even years after the trauma.
379
00:53:50,280 --> 00:53:53,760
Hopefully, she's going to be OK
and be able to be released.
380
00:53:55,440 --> 00:53:58,920
Back in town, Ines has been
identifying hot spots
381
00:53:58,920 --> 00:54:02,560
where most of the electrocutions
are happening.
382
00:54:02,560 --> 00:54:07,520
We can have in one accident more
than one howler electrocute.
383
00:54:07,520 --> 00:54:12,320
We have some spots that maybe
we have five or six individuals
384
00:54:12,320 --> 00:54:14,880
that, in the moment,
in the power line.
385
00:54:18,760 --> 00:54:22,560
There is a solution
that offers safe passage.
386
00:54:24,520 --> 00:54:29,520
Today, the team are putting up
a bridge in a hot spot area,
387
00:54:29,520 --> 00:54:33,600
to give the monkeys an alternative
to the power lines.
388
00:54:40,880 --> 00:54:44,200
So, we have a canopy bridge
that can connect
389
00:54:44,200 --> 00:54:48,400
these parcels of forest and
provide access for more food
390
00:54:48,400 --> 00:54:51,200
and social interaction
for the howlers.
391
00:54:58,280 --> 00:55:01,560
For Ines, it's a nervous wait.
392
00:55:01,560 --> 00:55:03,720
They are so curious.
393
00:55:03,720 --> 00:55:08,040
And the howlers are rethinking
where they can cross.
394
00:55:12,280 --> 00:55:13,360
Come on, guys.
395
00:55:15,280 --> 00:55:17,040
Oh, my God!
396
00:55:21,840 --> 00:55:24,400
Running, running and running!
397
00:55:25,320 --> 00:55:26,880
Take care, little howler.
398
00:55:28,200 --> 00:55:32,520
Several canopy bridges have now been
installed across the town.
399
00:55:34,200 --> 00:55:39,480
Not only has the programme reduced
the electrocutions by 90%,
400
00:55:39,480 --> 00:55:42,640
it has also brought more
connectivity
401
00:55:42,640 --> 00:55:44,480
to this fragmented forest.
402
00:55:46,200 --> 00:55:50,640
When the humans change
the use of land,
403
00:55:50,640 --> 00:55:54,520
we forget that all of this land
that we are using
404
00:55:54,520 --> 00:55:57,480
is the habitat of many
other species.
405
00:55:57,480 --> 00:56:02,080
Ines's determination to help
the howlers has been driven
406
00:56:02,080 --> 00:56:04,520
by reconnecting with the forest.
407
00:56:04,520 --> 00:56:07,800
So, when I began to study
the howlers,
408
00:56:07,800 --> 00:56:11,760
I can connect again
409
00:56:11,760 --> 00:56:14,320
with the rights of the forest
410
00:56:14,320 --> 00:56:17,280
and also with all of the other
species.
411
00:56:17,280 --> 00:56:20,360
So, my message for many people is,
412
00:56:20,360 --> 00:56:24,800
try to reconnect with whatever
species that you want it -
413
00:56:24,800 --> 00:56:27,720
with plants, with trees,
with amphibians -
414
00:56:27,720 --> 00:56:32,680
but try to reconnect
with this same environment
415
00:56:32,680 --> 00:56:37,400
that we share with other species
in the same global planet.
416
00:56:39,200 --> 00:56:43,960
With the knowledge and dedication
of local champions, like Ines,
417
00:56:43,960 --> 00:56:47,400
across the series, the production
team were able to document
418
00:56:47,400 --> 00:56:50,640
extraordinary moments
in the lives of mammals.
419
00:56:53,120 --> 00:56:56,360
As pressure on wildlife increases,
420
00:56:56,360 --> 00:57:00,200
commitment from passionate
individuals on the ground...
421
00:57:00,200 --> 00:57:01,880
Here we've got a wolf.
422
00:57:01,880 --> 00:57:03,240
HE LAUGHS
423
00:57:03,240 --> 00:57:05,000
...does make a difference.
424
00:57:05,000 --> 00:57:07,560
{\an8}Can't ignore how special
this place is.
425
00:57:07,560 --> 00:57:10,040
If we continue to share knowledge...
426
00:57:10,040 --> 00:57:12,000
Here's where the den is.
Oh, I see.
427
00:57:12,000 --> 00:57:13,680
So, we can connect to that route.
428
00:57:13,680 --> 00:57:16,160
...and protect the environment...
429
00:57:16,160 --> 00:57:20,120
With the education
and working together
430
00:57:20,120 --> 00:57:24,000
for common goals,
then I be very optimistic.
431
00:57:24,000 --> 00:57:26,720
...there can be hope for
the future of all mammals...
432
00:57:26,720 --> 00:57:29,040
Yay!
433
00:57:29,040 --> 00:57:31,200
...including ourselves.
434
00:57:32,640 --> 00:57:35,080
We did it, we did it,
we did it!
435
00:57:35,080 --> 00:57:36,960
LAUGHING: We did it!
33531
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