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Look at this.
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It's an ocean full
of whale sharks.
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I can't even count
the number of fins.
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Are we awake or are we...
are we still dreaming?
5
00:01:57,284 --> 00:01:59,786
They've been living here
for millions of years.
6
00:02:01,329 --> 00:02:04,291
We're newcomers in
their backyard.
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00:02:08,503 --> 00:02:11,047
I love being a part
of their world.
8
00:02:11,131 --> 00:02:14,634
They're completely innocent
of anything humans do.
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00:02:45,540 --> 00:02:48,710
Since the oil spill, this
group of whale sharks,
10
00:02:48,793 --> 00:02:51,546
the largest ever witnessed
in the Northern Gulf...
11
00:02:51,629 --> 00:02:54,131
has not been seen there again.
12
00:03:18,865 --> 00:03:22,577
Guess we'll put this little...
beast inside.
13
00:03:22,660 --> 00:03:25,413
There you go. Thank you.
14
00:03:30,335 --> 00:03:36,341
In the last few years, I'm on the road...
probably 300 days out of the lot.
15
00:03:36,424 --> 00:03:42,054
And I give a lot of talks... some
days just from dawn to dusk.
16
00:03:44,098 --> 00:03:48,311
I can't think of anything I'd rather
be doing... other than diving.
17
00:03:49,312 --> 00:03:53,775
Aren't you a radical about
protecting the oceans?
18
00:03:54,734 --> 00:03:59,656
If I seem like a radical, it may be
because I see things that others do not.
19
00:04:02,074 --> 00:04:06,413
I think if others had the opportunity to
witness what I have seen in my lifetime,
20
00:04:06,496 --> 00:04:08,039
what I see when I go diving
21
00:04:08,122 --> 00:04:11,626
and the perspective that I've gained
from thousands of hours underwater,
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00:04:11,709 --> 00:04:14,837
I would not seem like
a radical at all.
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00:04:14,921 --> 00:04:16,839
She has seen with her own eyes,
24
00:04:16,923 --> 00:04:19,342
parts of this Earth few
others could even imagine.
25
00:04:19,426 --> 00:04:23,846
Sylvia Earle, this country's
foremost oceanographer,
26
00:04:23,930 --> 00:04:26,891
exploring depths thought
impossible to reach.
27
00:04:26,974 --> 00:04:29,311
It's a pleasure to
introduce a scientist,
28
00:04:29,394 --> 00:04:33,690
an engineer, a teacher
and an explorer,
29
00:04:33,773 --> 00:04:36,526
Dr. Sylvia Alice Earle.
30
00:04:49,956 --> 00:04:55,545
I can see in my mind's eye...
a different world,
31
00:04:55,628 --> 00:04:59,924
a world that's changed
enormously just in my lifetime.
32
00:05:03,720 --> 00:05:06,889
Sixty years ago, when I
began exploring the ocean,
33
00:05:06,973 --> 00:05:09,934
no one imagined that we could
do anything to harm it.
34
00:05:10,852 --> 00:05:14,188
It seemed at that time
to be a sea of Eden.
35
00:05:15,189 --> 00:05:18,818
But now, we're facing
paradise lost.
36
00:05:20,737 --> 00:05:22,739
And this is not, "Woe is me,"
37
00:05:22,822 --> 00:05:25,408
this is just the reality
of what's happening.
38
00:05:25,492 --> 00:05:29,036
But it's also the reality, we
have a chance to fix things.
39
00:05:31,498 --> 00:05:32,915
Please welcome Dr. Sylvia Earle.
40
00:05:38,004 --> 00:05:39,213
On any given night,
41
00:05:39,296 --> 00:05:42,174
Sylvia Earle can be found
in Norwalk, Connecticut,
42
00:05:42,258 --> 00:05:45,845
or Stockholm, Sweden, or
Cape Town, South Africa.
43
00:05:45,928 --> 00:05:48,222
Her Deepness, Sylvia Earle.
44
00:05:50,182 --> 00:05:54,729
In Beijing, Belfast, Davos
or the Galapagos Islands.
45
00:05:57,314 --> 00:05:59,025
Think of the changes
that have occurred
46
00:05:59,108 --> 00:06:02,779
in the world in the lifetime of
a 200-year-old orange roughy.
47
00:06:03,780 --> 00:06:08,117
But they don't know why
their world has changed.
48
00:06:08,200 --> 00:06:11,413
And that's where I met her,
at a sort of ocean summit.
49
00:06:11,496 --> 00:06:14,331
I'm a big scuba diver.
I love the oceans.
50
00:06:14,416 --> 00:06:16,000
I love them more now
that I've met Sylvia,
51
00:06:16,083 --> 00:06:20,171
but, um, it's also people like...
like you in this room
52
00:06:20,254 --> 00:06:21,839
that can save the ocean.
53
00:06:21,923 --> 00:06:24,383
The world's largest fishery was,
54
00:06:24,467 --> 00:06:26,719
and still the largest
fishery in the US,
55
00:06:26,803 --> 00:06:30,432
is Alaskan pollock, and it's
moving into the Arctic.
56
00:06:30,515 --> 00:06:32,684
Bluefin are pursued
wherever they go.
57
00:06:32,767 --> 00:06:36,479
It's really wiping bluefin
ecologically off the planet.
58
00:06:36,563 --> 00:06:41,818
If we fail to take care of the ocean...
nothing else matters.
59
00:06:56,040 --> 00:06:58,918
I've been diving for
over half my life now...
60
00:06:59,001 --> 00:07:03,297
but that is nothing
compared to her.
61
00:07:03,380 --> 00:07:07,343
She's been exploring the ocean
since before I was born.
62
00:07:07,426 --> 00:07:09,846
Sylvia, that turtle was a trip!
63
00:07:09,929 --> 00:07:12,389
- And she came back here.
- Yeah!
64
00:07:12,474 --> 00:07:17,019
She went up, got a breath of air,
came right back to that same place.
65
00:07:17,103 --> 00:07:19,772
I spent one week with
Sylvia and I was hooked.
66
00:07:19,856 --> 00:07:22,609
- Gular flutter.
- Gular flutter.
67
00:07:22,692 --> 00:07:26,028
How could I have not known
who she was before?
68
00:07:27,404 --> 00:07:29,406
After the Galapagos trip,
69
00:07:29,491 --> 00:07:32,869
I really didn't wanna
leave Sylvia's world.
70
00:07:32,952 --> 00:07:34,328
So I didn't.
71
00:07:42,003 --> 00:07:43,713
Is that her? Yeah, yeah.
That's her.
72
00:07:43,796 --> 00:07:45,214
That's her. There she is.
73
00:07:46,758 --> 00:07:49,051
Thank you!
74
00:07:49,135 --> 00:07:50,803
What a beautiful place.
75
00:07:50,887 --> 00:07:52,680
What I didn't realize
at the time...
76
00:07:52,764 --> 00:07:55,933
was that this would be the beginning
of a three-year odyssey...
77
00:07:57,101 --> 00:08:01,230
a chance to see the ocean and the
world through Sylvia's eyes.
78
00:08:02,273 --> 00:08:05,192
Sylvia, the minute I met you,
you became an example for me.
79
00:08:05,276 --> 00:08:07,737
Like, seriously.
80
00:08:09,906 --> 00:08:12,992
Just take me back to how
you became so passionate
81
00:08:13,075 --> 00:08:15,244
about the ocean.
82
00:08:15,327 --> 00:08:17,288
Well, it all started
in New Jersey.
83
00:08:22,710 --> 00:08:28,424
As a kid, I had complete freedom
to go play in the woods,
84
00:08:28,508 --> 00:08:31,928
to spend all day out,
just fooling around.
85
00:08:32,011 --> 00:08:33,721
On my own, often.
86
00:08:33,805 --> 00:08:37,391
I mean, a lot of the
time, just on my own.
87
00:08:37,474 --> 00:08:41,103
♪ Left bank, I'm
waiting for someone ♪
88
00:08:41,187 --> 00:08:44,982
♪ Someone to be my friend ♪
89
00:08:45,900 --> 00:08:50,279
My mother was known as the
bird lady of the neighborhood.
90
00:08:50,362 --> 00:08:53,700
People would bring injured
squirrels, birds, frogs...
91
00:08:53,783 --> 00:08:56,035
anything that needed help.
92
00:08:56,118 --> 00:08:58,037
♪ Without you... ♪
93
00:08:58,120 --> 00:09:04,877
My father, who was really so bright
and so capable of fixing things.
94
00:09:04,961 --> 00:09:08,214
When I was a little kid, I'd try to take
things apart to see how they worked
95
00:09:08,297 --> 00:09:12,760
and he always reminded me to save
all the pieces, don't lose any,
96
00:09:12,844 --> 00:09:15,680
and be sure you know how to
put it back together again.
97
00:09:16,513 --> 00:09:18,808
♪ I can't hold the sun ♪
98
00:09:19,809 --> 00:09:21,310
We're losing a lot
of the parts...
99
00:09:21,393 --> 00:09:23,730
the loss of the diversity
of life on Earth...
100
00:09:23,813 --> 00:09:26,816
the bits and pieces have
just disappeared...
101
00:09:26,899 --> 00:09:30,570
and we don't know how to put things
back together again once they're gone.
102
00:09:33,447 --> 00:09:36,659
When I was 12, we picked
up and moved to Florida.
103
00:09:37,827 --> 00:09:43,750
At first, I was not particularly charmed,
because I loved the other place so much.
104
00:09:47,086 --> 00:09:52,508
But the Gulf of Mexico was
this great blue body of water
105
00:09:52,592 --> 00:09:56,888
that created almost this mythic
place that lured my parents there.
106
00:09:58,514 --> 00:10:00,307
Some kids play in the streets.
107
00:10:00,391 --> 00:10:01,809
Some kids have a backyard
108
00:10:01,893 --> 00:10:03,645
and my backyard was wet.
109
00:10:03,728 --> 00:10:06,773
It was the Gulf of Mexico.
It was glorious.
110
00:10:10,317 --> 00:10:12,111
That's where I first fell
in love with the ocean.
111
00:10:13,154 --> 00:10:15,072
I could see it. I could hear it.
112
00:10:15,156 --> 00:10:16,866
I could smell it.
I could touch it.
113
00:10:16,949 --> 00:10:18,660
I could splash around in it.
114
00:10:21,537 --> 00:10:25,541
I loved when seaweed came
ashore in huge amounts.
115
00:10:25,625 --> 00:10:28,377
It was like going to the zoo.
116
00:10:30,630 --> 00:10:33,382
I had fun finding these creatures...
like little crabs.
117
00:10:33,465 --> 00:10:37,428
You could take them and then gently
put them back into the ocean,
118
00:10:37,511 --> 00:10:38,888
and they'd scurry off.
119
00:10:42,099 --> 00:10:45,186
It was just heaven for a kid...
for me.
120
00:10:46,187 --> 00:10:49,440
It will always be that way in my
mind, it's just this paradise.
121
00:10:54,070 --> 00:10:56,613
Happening now, an
explosion and fire
122
00:10:56,698 --> 00:11:00,076
devastate a massive oil rig
off the Louisiana coast.
123
00:11:00,159 --> 00:11:02,453
Last week's deadly
oil rig blowout
124
00:11:02,536 --> 00:11:04,080
remains unchecked tonight.
125
00:11:04,163 --> 00:11:06,708
And it's raising fears of an
environmental disaster in the making.
126
00:11:06,791 --> 00:11:11,087
As long as the oil is flowing
down here in the Gulf,
127
00:11:11,170 --> 00:11:14,006
this will simply keep growing
and growing and growing,
128
00:11:14,090 --> 00:11:18,094
and they have no idea
where the end will be.
129
00:11:19,636 --> 00:11:23,140
How'd you feel? What was
your first reaction?
130
00:11:23,224 --> 00:11:25,059
It was shocking.
131
00:11:25,142 --> 00:11:29,146
And it just got worse
as the news unfolded.
132
00:11:29,230 --> 00:11:32,984
Of course, the tragedy was
the human lives lost.
133
00:11:34,736 --> 00:11:39,782
Then this gush of oil wouldn't stop,
wouldn't stop, wouldn't stop!
134
00:11:47,248 --> 00:11:49,375
When I was a child
living in Florida,
135
00:11:49,458 --> 00:11:53,337
there was only one offshore oil
well in the Gulf of Mexico.
136
00:11:53,420 --> 00:11:58,050
Today, there are more
than 33,000 drill sites.
137
00:11:59,886 --> 00:12:06,308
All of us... we are the beneficiaries
of having burned through fossil fuels.
138
00:12:06,392 --> 00:12:09,478
Coal, gas, oil.
139
00:12:09,561 --> 00:12:11,188
But at what cost?
140
00:12:20,990 --> 00:12:24,827
I really come to
speak for the ocean.
141
00:12:24,911 --> 00:12:29,832
We put billions into what takes
us into the skies above...
142
00:12:29,916 --> 00:12:32,919
and it's paying off handsomely.
143
00:12:33,002 --> 00:12:36,755
We've neglected the ocean...
and it's costing us dearly.
144
00:12:38,007 --> 00:12:40,467
The thing that's impressive
to me about Sylvia
145
00:12:40,551 --> 00:12:43,846
is that she's not afraid
to point fingers...
146
00:12:43,930 --> 00:12:48,392
and say, "You know what you're
doing, and it's wrong."
147
00:12:49,393 --> 00:12:51,896
You know, she's kind of the
Joan of Arc of the oceans.
148
00:12:51,979 --> 00:12:53,940
- Go!
- She's the one that's out in front
149
00:12:54,023 --> 00:12:57,276
leading the charge in the
fight to save the ocean.
150
00:12:57,359 --> 00:13:01,655
And she's made it her life's purpose
in the last couple of decades
151
00:13:01,738 --> 00:13:05,993
to make sure everybody else understands
what's going on and why it's important.
152
00:13:06,994 --> 00:13:09,788
It's life itself that the
ocean is delivering.
153
00:13:09,872 --> 00:13:11,582
This is a turning point.
154
00:13:12,583 --> 00:13:17,713
If we continue business as
usual, we're in real trouble.
155
00:13:17,796 --> 00:13:20,632
Her passion for the ocean
comes from the fact that...
156
00:13:20,716 --> 00:13:25,930
like myself and like many
of us who were young...
157
00:13:26,013 --> 00:13:29,350
in a younger world
around the ocean,
158
00:13:29,433 --> 00:13:33,770
we saw a place that was
more full of life.
159
00:13:45,407 --> 00:13:48,911
It was... beyond frustrating.
160
00:13:48,995 --> 00:13:51,455
It was agonizing.
161
00:13:56,710 --> 00:13:59,213
Because I know what's
in the Gulf of Mexico.
162
00:14:10,099 --> 00:14:16,605
I just could flash back to times when
I'd be diving in the Gulf of Mexico...
163
00:14:17,606 --> 00:14:19,942
when it was a place...
164
00:14:21,527 --> 00:14:24,113
an underwater paradise.
165
00:14:26,240 --> 00:14:31,453
And to know that it was vulnerable, that
it could be right in the path of...
166
00:14:31,537 --> 00:14:33,789
of this...
167
00:14:35,249 --> 00:14:37,751
This avalanche.
168
00:14:37,834 --> 00:14:40,296
It's just hard to express.
169
00:14:42,464 --> 00:14:49,430
YOUR BOOK, THE WORLD IS BLUE: How
Our Fate and the Ocean's Are One.
170
00:14:50,431 --> 00:14:54,351
That's a bold statement. My fate
and the ocean's are the same fate?
171
00:14:54,435 --> 00:14:56,103
I don't live in the ocean.
172
00:14:56,187 --> 00:14:57,563
I ain't got gills.
173
00:14:57,646 --> 00:14:59,731
Why should I care about
what happens in the ocean?
174
00:14:59,815 --> 00:15:01,442
It's deep, it's dark,
people drown in it
175
00:15:01,525 --> 00:15:02,568
and it's full of sharks
176
00:15:02,651 --> 00:15:04,028
who want to eat us.
177
00:15:04,111 --> 00:15:05,821
Or don't you watch Shark Week?
178
00:15:06,822 --> 00:15:10,659
Yeah, I watch. But think of
the world without an ocean.
179
00:15:10,742 --> 00:15:12,912
You've got a planet
a lot like Mars.
180
00:15:14,163 --> 00:15:18,000
No convenient life
support system.
181
00:15:18,084 --> 00:15:21,587
Most of the oxygen that you
breathe, that everybody breathes,
182
00:15:21,670 --> 00:15:24,548
is generated by the ocean.
183
00:15:24,631 --> 00:15:28,260
And it absorbs much of
the carbon dioxide.
184
00:15:33,015 --> 00:15:36,102
In a way, we're all
sea creatures.
185
00:15:36,185 --> 00:15:39,396
Every whale, dolphin,
coral reef, whatever...
186
00:15:39,480 --> 00:15:43,317
they obviously need the
ocean, but so do we.
187
00:15:43,400 --> 00:15:45,736
No ocean, no life.
188
00:15:45,819 --> 00:15:48,489
No ocean, no us.
189
00:15:51,867 --> 00:15:54,286
So were you that geeky
girl in high school?
190
00:15:54,370 --> 00:15:55,579
The science nerd?
191
00:15:56,538 --> 00:16:00,167
I suppose, in today's terminology,
I would be regarded as a geek.
192
00:16:03,337 --> 00:16:07,299
People sometimes have a hard time
figuring out what they want to do.
193
00:16:07,383 --> 00:16:11,928
I always wanted to be whatever
it is that a scientist does,
194
00:16:12,013 --> 00:16:13,722
I just didn't know
what to call it.
195
00:16:17,059 --> 00:16:19,520
There's a little
library in Dunedin...
196
00:16:19,603 --> 00:16:20,896
that I used to haunt.
197
00:16:20,980 --> 00:16:25,901
I'd sit on the floor and that's where
I first saw a book by William Beebe,
198
00:16:25,985 --> 00:16:29,071
and became entranced with
the idea of submarines.
199
00:16:35,452 --> 00:16:38,747
His book, Half Mile Down, it
was published in the '30s...
200
00:16:38,830 --> 00:16:41,500
described how he and Otis Barton
201
00:16:41,583 --> 00:16:45,171
crawled into this little steel
ball with a tiny window in it,
202
00:16:45,254 --> 00:16:50,801
and could look out and see what it was
like a half-mile beneath the surface.
203
00:16:52,553 --> 00:16:55,514
What it's like in the deep sea
with these sparkling creatures
204
00:16:55,597 --> 00:17:00,227
that illuminate the sea below
where light penetrates.
205
00:17:02,104 --> 00:17:06,983
So, I never got to meet William Beebe,
but I regard him as a soul mate.
206
00:17:14,491 --> 00:17:20,664
Jacques Cousteau was able to
vicariously, and sometimes directly,
207
00:17:20,747 --> 00:17:21,790
get people in the water.
208
00:17:21,873 --> 00:17:25,502
He got me in the water
by inspiring me to say,
209
00:17:25,586 --> 00:17:28,255
"That's so cool! I wanna go!
I wanna see it!"
210
00:17:31,217 --> 00:17:36,138
His Silent World made me
want to see what he saw.
211
00:17:38,974 --> 00:17:44,855
To meet fish swimming in something other
than lemon slices and butter on a plate.
212
00:17:44,938 --> 00:17:49,651
To actually go and witness
this vast blue realm.
213
00:17:51,987 --> 00:17:57,243
Before the 1950s, diving had been
very risky and experimental...
214
00:17:57,326 --> 00:18:00,079
until Cousteau invented
the Aqua-Lung,
215
00:18:00,162 --> 00:18:01,455
and became one of the first
216
00:18:01,538 --> 00:18:05,917
to use a Self-Contained Underwater
Breathing Apparatus, SCUBA.
217
00:18:06,001 --> 00:18:09,380
He showed how simple it could
be to explore the sea.
218
00:18:12,007 --> 00:18:15,844
In the summer of 1953, I enrolled
in a class in marine biology.
219
00:18:20,807 --> 00:18:23,144
My major professor
somehow managed
220
00:18:23,227 --> 00:18:27,063
to get two of the very first
scuba sets that were available.
221
00:18:27,148 --> 00:18:32,944
♪ Come with me, my love ♪
222
00:18:33,028 --> 00:18:35,572
♪ To the sea ♪
223
00:18:35,656 --> 00:18:38,450
♪ The sea of love ♪
224
00:18:38,534 --> 00:18:41,328
♪ I want to tell you ♪
225
00:18:41,412 --> 00:18:44,748
♪ How much I love you ♪
226
00:18:44,831 --> 00:18:49,753
It seemed so improbable. You
can be underwater and breathe.
227
00:18:49,836 --> 00:18:53,424
♪ Come with me ♪
228
00:18:53,507 --> 00:18:55,426
Most of all, it was
the gift of time.
229
00:18:56,510 --> 00:19:00,972
Be able to actually stay and watch
the creatures that were there.
230
00:19:02,558 --> 00:19:06,937
And it made me want to always
go deeper, stay longer.
231
00:19:25,080 --> 00:19:26,415
Was there that moment,
like in a movie,
232
00:19:26,498 --> 00:19:28,750
if we were in a movie of Sylvia
Earle's life, like you're...
233
00:19:28,834 --> 00:19:31,002
- The "Ah-ha" moment?
- Yeah, somebody puts...
234
00:19:31,086 --> 00:19:32,754
You put the mask on and you're
seeing, and you're, like,
235
00:19:32,838 --> 00:19:35,131
"Oh, my God, this is what I wanna
do with the rest of my life."
236
00:19:35,216 --> 00:19:37,259
- Is that what happened?
- I already knew.
237
00:19:41,722 --> 00:19:45,434
In the water, anyone
can be a ballerina.
238
00:19:45,517 --> 00:19:49,521
You can stand on one finger.
You can do... back rolls.
239
00:19:50,981 --> 00:19:56,278
You can look as if you are... the
most graceful creature in the world.
240
00:19:57,529 --> 00:20:03,910
And along the way you see all this...
this galaxy of life.
241
00:20:16,047 --> 00:20:18,133
You know, it's
just exhilarating.
242
00:20:23,639 --> 00:20:28,685
If I can do it... you can do it.
I'm not Superwoman.
243
00:20:28,769 --> 00:20:32,188
I'm not big and muscular.
244
00:20:32,273 --> 00:20:37,944
My mother, at 81... put on a mask
and flippers and took on the ocean.
245
00:20:38,028 --> 00:20:39,363
And then she would tell people,
246
00:20:39,446 --> 00:20:43,575
"If you are 81, don't wait any longer.
Just do it."
247
00:21:06,515 --> 00:21:08,600
Thousands of delighted visitors
248
00:21:08,684 --> 00:21:12,145
are discovering the fun of a
Florida Gulf Coast holiday.
249
00:21:13,855 --> 00:21:17,067
From the time I was a
child, seeing Florida,
250
00:21:17,150 --> 00:21:20,571
what I thought was just
wonderful wilderness...
251
00:21:20,654 --> 00:21:24,283
watching it change
before my eyes.
252
00:21:24,366 --> 00:21:28,161
The Tampa Bay area
is one huge resort
253
00:21:28,244 --> 00:21:30,246
with gleaming new
hotels and motels.
254
00:21:30,331 --> 00:21:34,042
To watch Tampa Bay
getting dredged,
255
00:21:34,125 --> 00:21:37,338
taking what was a marsh and then
putting a parking lot there,
256
00:21:37,421 --> 00:21:40,048
putting a housing
development there.
257
00:21:40,131 --> 00:21:43,259
Watching the Weeki Wachee
River as a witness,
258
00:21:43,344 --> 00:21:48,807
this crystal river... that starts
with a spring like a morning glory.
259
00:21:48,890 --> 00:21:53,812
You look down, you see this blue throat
that just seems to go into infinity,
260
00:21:53,895 --> 00:21:57,649
and then it spills out into a
river that goes off into the Gulf
261
00:21:57,733 --> 00:22:02,028
in this water that's so clear it looks
like there's no water there at all.
262
00:22:04,740 --> 00:22:10,787
And then development along the edge,
just clouding that amazing water.
263
00:22:13,540 --> 00:22:16,752
The trees were starting to
turn brown around the edge
264
00:22:16,835 --> 00:22:19,796
and all the grass was dead.
265
00:22:19,880 --> 00:22:22,341
It was...
266
00:22:22,424 --> 00:22:26,136
that kind of
experience, a witness.
267
00:22:26,219 --> 00:22:28,013
I saw the before.
268
00:22:28,096 --> 00:22:33,143
I saw the after influence of what
we can do to the natural world.
269
00:22:49,159 --> 00:22:52,413
The Gulf of Mexico is this
extraordinarily wonderful,
270
00:22:52,496 --> 00:22:55,457
productive, magnificent place
271
00:22:55,541 --> 00:22:58,835
that had the misfortune of being
right on top of a ton of oil,
272
00:22:58,919 --> 00:23:03,381
and being the sewer for the people
of the United States of America.
273
00:23:08,845 --> 00:23:11,557
Call it the price of progress.
274
00:23:11,640 --> 00:23:15,310
For six decades, big agriculture
and industrial farming
275
00:23:15,393 --> 00:23:19,648
have affected the Gulf of Mexico
from hundreds of miles away.
276
00:23:21,442 --> 00:23:24,486
A little less than a third of all
the corn grown in the entire world
277
00:23:24,570 --> 00:23:29,783
is grown in Iowa, Nebraska,
Illinois, Indiana and Minnesota.
278
00:23:31,076 --> 00:23:32,828
That productivity is due to
279
00:23:32,911 --> 00:23:37,583
the application of humongous
quantities of nitrogen fertilizer.
280
00:23:38,542 --> 00:23:42,921
All that fertilizer runs off the land,
makes it into the Mississippi River,
281
00:23:43,004 --> 00:23:44,005
comes down the river...
282
00:23:44,965 --> 00:23:49,553
fuels extraordinary population
explosions of phytoplankton,
283
00:23:49,636 --> 00:23:51,513
the stuff dies, it rots.
284
00:23:51,597 --> 00:23:53,640
When something rots,
it uses up oxygen,
285
00:23:54,600 --> 00:23:57,644
and then anything that is alive,
like crabs, little tiny fish,
286
00:23:57,728 --> 00:24:00,939
they can't hightail it
out of there, they die.
287
00:24:01,022 --> 00:24:03,233
They die from no oxygen.
288
00:24:03,316 --> 00:24:05,401
Boom, that's the dead zone.
289
00:24:07,028 --> 00:24:08,780
The Gulf of Mexico already hosts
290
00:24:08,864 --> 00:24:11,992
one of the most notorious
dead zones on the planet.
291
00:24:12,075 --> 00:24:15,662
The Deepwater Horizon spill
just made things a lot worse.
292
00:24:16,747 --> 00:24:22,836
Around the world, hundreds of dead zones
have formed just in the past few decades.
293
00:24:29,009 --> 00:24:31,136
So let's be honest.
294
00:24:31,219 --> 00:24:33,263
You're 18. You're
very beautiful.
295
00:24:33,346 --> 00:24:36,224
Aren't all your friends
going off, getting married?
296
00:24:36,307 --> 00:24:40,353
And did that ever... No, you're
like work, all about work?
297
00:24:40,436 --> 00:24:42,856
I'm not abnormal.
298
00:24:44,232 --> 00:24:47,694
Of course I enjoyed
dating boys and so on.
299
00:24:47,778 --> 00:24:49,362
But I wasn't
interested in anybody
300
00:24:49,445 --> 00:24:51,447
who wasn't interested in
what I was interested in.
301
00:24:52,407 --> 00:24:56,327
It's just very self-centered,
I suppose, but I just...
302
00:24:56,411 --> 00:25:00,165
Football-schmootball. I mean "Who
cares about that?" I thought.
303
00:25:01,416 --> 00:25:04,210
I was attracted to the
nerdy types, I suppose,
304
00:25:04,294 --> 00:25:08,214
who loved talking about the stars,
about space, about animals,
305
00:25:08,298 --> 00:25:10,717
or about diving.
306
00:25:13,679 --> 00:25:16,807
So, you had this sort of
perfect, idyllic life
307
00:25:16,890 --> 00:25:18,516
with this man you loved.
308
00:25:18,600 --> 00:25:22,395
Jack Taylor and I got
married in 1957.
309
00:25:22,478 --> 00:25:24,773
His first job was
as a park ranger,
310
00:25:24,856 --> 00:25:28,526
and we moved from national
park to national park.
311
00:25:28,610 --> 00:25:31,572
It was just a glorious
couple of years.
312
00:25:31,655 --> 00:25:35,701
And he wanted to get his doctorate
and I wanted to get mine.
313
00:25:35,784 --> 00:25:38,244
Then Elizabeth came along.
314
00:25:38,328 --> 00:25:40,747
This is such ancient history.
Good heavens.
315
00:25:50,591 --> 00:25:54,928
The '60s, the '70s
in all of history
316
00:25:55,011 --> 00:25:59,182
really stands out as a time
of exceptional discovery.
317
00:25:59,265 --> 00:26:02,227
This is the first
time an undersea boat
318
00:26:02,310 --> 00:26:05,146
has ever had an undersea base.
319
00:26:05,230 --> 00:26:09,651
We were exploring the ocean
aggressively for the first time,
320
00:26:09,735 --> 00:26:11,737
and we were trying
to go to the moon.
321
00:26:11,820 --> 00:26:14,114
Roger, the EVA is
progressing beautifully.
322
00:26:14,197 --> 00:26:16,282
So it didn't matter which
direction you were going.
323
00:26:16,366 --> 00:26:17,450
It was all great
324
00:26:17,533 --> 00:26:20,621
because either way you were
going to a new and alien world.
325
00:26:23,581 --> 00:26:26,960
As a young scientist, this spirit
of exploration was all around,
326
00:26:27,043 --> 00:26:29,129
and I wanted to be a part of it.
327
00:26:29,212 --> 00:26:30,588
And then came this opportunity
328
00:26:30,672 --> 00:26:34,592
to go on the International
Indian Ocean Expedition in 1964.
329
00:26:34,676 --> 00:26:36,970
The other side of the
world on a boat.
330
00:26:37,929 --> 00:26:40,766
But it'd mean being away
from home for six weeks.
331
00:26:40,849 --> 00:26:45,603
And my children were four and
two, Elizabeth and Richie.
332
00:26:45,687 --> 00:26:48,189
I had never been west
of the Mississippi...
333
00:26:48,273 --> 00:26:51,067
never been out of the
country before then.
334
00:26:51,151 --> 00:26:53,987
And then I really went
out of the country.
335
00:26:56,990 --> 00:26:59,325
Met the boat in Mombasa.
336
00:27:00,243 --> 00:27:01,244
I was interviewed.
337
00:27:01,327 --> 00:27:05,248
It was my first real
experience with the press.
338
00:27:07,167 --> 00:27:09,753
They wanted to know,
"Why are you here?"
339
00:27:09,836 --> 00:27:14,800
And somebody let it be known that I was
the only woman... and all these guys.
340
00:27:14,883 --> 00:27:18,594
And the headline the next
day, Mombasa Daily Times...
341
00:27:25,060 --> 00:27:26,519
- You did say seven-zero men?
- Seven-zero.
342
00:27:26,602 --> 00:27:28,354
Oh, yeah. Big boat.
343
00:27:29,898 --> 00:27:32,901
United States participation
in the biological program
344
00:27:32,984 --> 00:27:36,237
began by converting the former
presidential yacht, Williamsburg,
345
00:27:36,321 --> 00:27:37,989
to an oceanographic ship.
346
00:27:38,073 --> 00:27:44,204
The purpose of the expedition
back in 1964 was... to explore.
347
00:27:44,287 --> 00:27:46,622
"To explore." What a concept.
348
00:27:49,751 --> 00:27:54,297
It was to document the nature
of what lived in the ocean.
349
00:27:55,882 --> 00:27:58,301
No one had been to the
Seychelles diving.
350
00:27:58,384 --> 00:28:01,972
No one had been to
Aldabra diving before.
351
00:28:02,055 --> 00:28:06,059
No one had been to a little
island called Fungu Kizimkazi.
352
00:28:06,142 --> 00:28:08,519
It was really amazing.
353
00:28:19,114 --> 00:28:20,115
I think the biggest discovery
354
00:28:20,198 --> 00:28:23,827
that we made in the International
Indian Ocean Expedition...
355
00:28:24,745 --> 00:28:27,998
was the magnitude of how
much we didn't know.
356
00:28:28,081 --> 00:28:31,626
During this cruise, a total
of 16,000 pounds of fish,
357
00:28:31,709 --> 00:28:36,547
200 pounds of shrimp, nearly a ton
of swimming crabs were caught.
358
00:28:36,631 --> 00:28:40,051
The sea at the time... seemed...
359
00:28:40,135 --> 00:28:45,640
endless in its capacity to yield
whatever we wanted to take from it.
360
00:28:45,724 --> 00:28:47,726
And whatever we wanted to
put into it, it was okay.
361
00:28:47,809 --> 00:28:50,603
You'd dump things in the
ocean, deep-six things.
362
00:28:50,686 --> 00:28:53,023
It was the way to get
rid of something.
363
00:28:53,106 --> 00:28:57,778
It didn't clutter up our backyard,
our land, so it went into the ocean.
364
00:28:57,861 --> 00:28:59,654
Our aquatic backyard.
365
00:29:17,005 --> 00:29:21,301
I have yet to take a dive, even in
the deepest dive I've ever made,
366
00:29:21,384 --> 00:29:24,470
and not see tangible
evidence of our presence...
367
00:29:26,681 --> 00:29:30,435
to see trash, junk on the
bottom of the ocean,
368
00:29:30,518 --> 00:29:32,562
two and a half miles down.
369
00:29:37,192 --> 00:29:40,904
Things collect there and
just continue to gather.
370
00:29:42,238 --> 00:29:47,493
So at the surface and even raining
down to the great depths below...
371
00:29:47,577 --> 00:29:49,495
our signature is there.
372
00:29:56,502 --> 00:29:58,629
It's not just dumping
waste and garbage.
373
00:29:58,713 --> 00:30:01,757
Three, two, one...
374
00:30:06,972 --> 00:30:09,808
Between 1950 and 1998,
375
00:30:09,891 --> 00:30:12,268
there have been more than a
hundred nuclear test blasts.
376
00:30:16,314 --> 00:30:20,276
Either underwater or on remote
islands in the middle of our oceans.
377
00:30:39,795 --> 00:30:42,048
1964, when another
opportunity came
378
00:30:42,132 --> 00:30:45,385
to go on the same ship,
but in a different ocean,
379
00:30:45,468 --> 00:30:47,262
the southeastern Pacific,
380
00:30:48,179 --> 00:30:51,557
I... had to say yes.
381
00:30:52,517 --> 00:30:55,020
What about the kids? Were
you worried about them?
382
00:30:56,312 --> 00:30:59,399
Well, for me, life has always been
a balancing act, if you will.
383
00:31:00,358 --> 00:31:03,569
But it was particularly
true at that time.
384
00:31:06,281 --> 00:31:09,951
I think, for me, the stress
was being apart from family,
385
00:31:10,035 --> 00:31:15,165
and of course as a mom with kids... but
certainly with my husband as well.
386
00:31:15,248 --> 00:31:17,125
And maybe it was inevitable.
387
00:31:17,208 --> 00:31:19,544
We did come apart.
388
00:31:22,463 --> 00:31:24,799
You don't think about it as,
"Well, I'm gonna be an explorer."
389
00:31:24,883 --> 00:31:27,510
You just... You become curious
and you start to follow a path.
390
00:31:27,593 --> 00:31:30,096
Then pretty soon that path
is leading you away...
391
00:31:30,180 --> 00:31:32,515
from all the other
well-trod paths.
392
00:31:34,767 --> 00:31:37,020
Then you start saying,
"Why am I doing this?
393
00:31:37,103 --> 00:31:40,773
I'm risking every
relationship I ever had."
394
00:31:40,856 --> 00:31:45,153
And then you start asking this question
that has no logical answer to it...
395
00:31:45,236 --> 00:31:47,948
other than the fact that
there's something deeply woven
396
00:31:48,031 --> 00:31:50,325
in the fiber of our
being as human beings,
397
00:31:50,408 --> 00:31:53,536
that we just have to know
what's over the hill,
398
00:31:53,619 --> 00:31:57,040
or around the corner or beyond
the edge of the lights.
399
00:31:59,667 --> 00:32:02,795
1964, I was in
graduate school...
400
00:32:02,878 --> 00:32:06,091
and working on a dissertation.
401
00:32:06,174 --> 00:32:08,801
Gathering seaweeds from
the Gulf of Mexico.
402
00:32:08,884 --> 00:32:10,220
I had a lab at home.
403
00:32:13,764 --> 00:32:18,394
I began assembling records of what
kinds of plants live in the sea.
404
00:32:20,855 --> 00:32:25,485
I came to understand the beauty and
the history and the importance
405
00:32:25,568 --> 00:32:29,114
of these marine seaweeds.
406
00:32:30,323 --> 00:32:33,451
And I haven't looked back. I
mean, they are the anchor.
407
00:32:34,494 --> 00:32:35,828
Can I ask you a question?
408
00:32:35,911 --> 00:32:37,998
When you say, "study seaweed,"
409
00:32:38,081 --> 00:32:40,083
what does that mean,
studying seaweed, exactly?
410
00:32:41,292 --> 00:32:44,504
What does that mean? Like you
pick up seaweed, you study it...
411
00:32:44,587 --> 00:32:46,922
Yeah, and it's like
going to a place
412
00:32:47,007 --> 00:32:51,052
that no one has ever looked
at what lives there before.
413
00:32:51,136 --> 00:32:53,346
So you're an explorer basically.
414
00:32:53,429 --> 00:32:55,473
You wanna find out
who lives there,
415
00:32:55,556 --> 00:32:58,184
how many of what kind
of creatures are there.
416
00:32:58,268 --> 00:32:59,519
Do they have names yet?
417
00:32:59,602 --> 00:33:03,648
And if not... let's find a
name, let's make up a name.
418
00:33:11,114 --> 00:33:14,909
I spent years
gathering seaweeds.
419
00:33:14,993 --> 00:33:19,414
Ultimately, I gave my plant
collection to the Smithsonian.
420
00:33:24,835 --> 00:33:29,299
There are about 20,000 specimens of
mine that have come to the Smithsonian.
421
00:33:29,382 --> 00:33:32,885
There's another big batch at the
Farlow Herbarium in Harvard.
422
00:33:32,968 --> 00:33:38,808
This is one of my favorites. I did
my dissertation on the brown algae.
423
00:33:38,891 --> 00:33:40,518
- Brown algae.
- Brown algae.
424
00:33:40,601 --> 00:33:44,230
This goes back to 1955.
Were you born then?
425
00:33:44,314 --> 00:33:46,732
Uh, I was not born, thank you.
426
00:33:46,816 --> 00:33:50,028
Here's another one. This is 1966.
That's down in Sarasota.
427
00:33:50,111 --> 00:33:53,198
- This is the Gulf then.
- This is Gulf of Mexico, right.
428
00:33:54,615 --> 00:33:55,616
Galapagos.
429
00:33:55,700 --> 00:33:59,870
Oh, I have so many amazing
things from the Galapagos.
430
00:34:00,871 --> 00:34:03,333
Now this is... Ha!
431
00:34:03,416 --> 00:34:04,417
Oh, gosh.
432
00:34:05,376 --> 00:34:09,130
I'd like to go back and see if
these things are still there.
433
00:34:12,300 --> 00:34:15,761
I first got to see the
Galapagos Islands in 1966.
434
00:34:17,722 --> 00:34:21,851
I was one of 12 scientists on this
big ship that enabled us to dive
435
00:34:21,934 --> 00:34:23,311
for the first time
436
00:34:23,394 --> 00:34:26,731
in places that no one had
been to underwater before.
437
00:34:29,150 --> 00:34:33,071
It was an enchanted kingdom...
underwater.
438
00:34:36,324 --> 00:34:39,327
It was the sharkiest
place I'd ever seen.
439
00:34:39,410 --> 00:34:40,828
Look over the side, it looked
like somebody had taken
440
00:34:40,911 --> 00:34:43,956
a box of those wooden matches and
just dropped them on the bottom,
441
00:34:44,039 --> 00:34:47,001
and every match was a shark.
442
00:34:47,085 --> 00:34:50,671
You could dive down among them.
Sharks just
443
00:34:50,755 --> 00:34:54,884
Like this, serenely
going around you...
444
00:34:54,967 --> 00:34:57,303
not paying any attention to you.
445
00:35:00,306 --> 00:35:03,058
But at the time, people thought
sharks were the enemy.
446
00:35:03,143 --> 00:35:05,436
The only good shark
is a dead shark.
447
00:35:05,520 --> 00:35:07,980
Shark, tiger of the sea.
448
00:35:08,063 --> 00:35:11,151
Of all sea terrors, the shark is
the meanest, the most crafty...
449
00:35:11,234 --> 00:35:13,068
Uh-oh. That flashing
white belly,
450
00:35:13,153 --> 00:35:15,405
that's no tuna, that's a shark.
451
00:35:15,488 --> 00:35:19,325
Our rights to the fish are being disputed
by those savages of the ocean, the shark.
452
00:35:22,828 --> 00:35:25,039
But, in fact, that
wasn't the real problem.
453
00:35:25,123 --> 00:35:28,376
Sharks were never after humans.
Man or woman.
454
00:35:29,252 --> 00:35:30,711
We're not on their menu.
455
00:35:33,464 --> 00:35:37,802
But in today's world, millions of
us are taking bites out of sharks.
456
00:35:40,805 --> 00:35:44,642
What's really tragic about it is they
don't even bother to keep the shark.
457
00:35:44,725 --> 00:35:48,563
They just take the fins and throw
the shark back in the water...
458
00:35:48,646 --> 00:35:51,106
essentially to die.
459
00:35:51,191 --> 00:35:54,026
It's tens of millions
of shark fins
460
00:35:54,109 --> 00:35:55,945
that are harvested every year
461
00:35:56,862 --> 00:35:59,657
for soup, principally in China.
462
00:35:59,740 --> 00:36:04,787
It essentially created an
enormous hole in the ecosystem
463
00:36:04,870 --> 00:36:06,581
and the way the ecosystem works.
464
00:36:08,874 --> 00:36:11,669
Shark finning is one of the
most barbaric examples
465
00:36:11,752 --> 00:36:13,379
of what we're doing
to the ocean.
466
00:36:14,797 --> 00:36:18,509
But it's not just what's happening
to the sharks that matter.
467
00:36:18,593 --> 00:36:21,095
The bottom of the
ocean's food chain,
468
00:36:21,179 --> 00:36:24,640
plankton, as well as plants
like algae and seaweed,
469
00:36:24,724 --> 00:36:27,977
generate more than half
the oxygen we breathe.
470
00:36:28,060 --> 00:36:31,939
In the Galapagos Islands, there
are some species that...
471
00:36:32,022 --> 00:36:33,524
that are missing.
472
00:36:33,608 --> 00:36:36,236
And there are new things that have
come in that didn't exist before.
473
00:36:36,319 --> 00:36:38,321
If you don't have a record...
474
00:36:39,322 --> 00:36:40,990
you might speculate,
you might guess...
475
00:36:41,073 --> 00:36:43,701
- Right.
- ...but this is evidence.
476
00:36:43,784 --> 00:36:46,496
- This is hard evidence.
- Beautiful evidence, too.
477
00:36:46,579 --> 00:36:48,998
Brings back such great memories.
478
00:36:51,376 --> 00:36:52,877
What was your second
husband's name?
479
00:36:52,960 --> 00:36:54,504
Giles Mead.
480
00:36:54,587 --> 00:36:55,963
Okay, so how did you meet Giles?
481
00:36:56,046 --> 00:36:59,842
I met Giles Mead at a
scientific meeting about fish.
482
00:37:00,760 --> 00:37:07,141
There is a society called the Association
of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists.
483
00:37:07,225 --> 00:37:09,810
That's a little weird, Sylvia.
I know.
484
00:37:09,894 --> 00:37:12,605
They have annual meetings
485
00:37:12,688 --> 00:37:17,777
and whoop it up and talk about fish
and snakes and lizards and things.
486
00:37:20,363 --> 00:37:24,700
We met at this meeting and
just began talking...
487
00:37:24,784 --> 00:37:26,744
and we continued talking...
488
00:37:26,827 --> 00:37:29,664
and we were still talking
at 5:00 in the morning.
489
00:37:29,747 --> 00:37:34,209
And we agreed that we should
continue the conversation.
490
00:37:38,130 --> 00:37:43,135
Got married in Harvard
Chapel in December of '66.
491
00:37:45,555 --> 00:37:47,222
Did he have kids, too?
492
00:37:47,307 --> 00:37:49,725
Yes, he actually had
three children.
493
00:37:49,809 --> 00:37:54,980
And then, in 1968, my younger
daughter, Gale, was born.
494
00:37:55,064 --> 00:37:58,150
So we had his and hers and ours.
495
00:37:58,233 --> 00:38:01,571
Wow. The Brady Bunch.
496
00:38:03,072 --> 00:38:06,367
The most ambitious project
yet in ocean research
497
00:38:06,451 --> 00:38:10,455
has just started here in the sheltered
bay of a beautiful West Indian island.
498
00:38:10,538 --> 00:38:14,959
Called Tektite II, it's the underwater
base for a research project
499
00:38:15,042 --> 00:38:16,919
being run by a group of
American universities
500
00:38:17,002 --> 00:38:19,964
with United States
government backing.
501
00:38:22,633 --> 00:38:27,888
When I was at Harvard in 1969, I saw
a notice on the bulletin board.
502
00:38:27,972 --> 00:38:32,393
"How would you like, as a scientist,
to spend two weeks living underwater,
503
00:38:32,477 --> 00:38:37,106
down in the Virgin Islands?" That was...
the pitch.
504
00:38:38,524 --> 00:38:42,194
I'd already been diving a lot,
more than a thousand hours,
505
00:38:42,277 --> 00:38:45,656
published a number of things,
and it didn't occur to me
506
00:38:45,740 --> 00:38:49,452
that women need not apply.
507
00:38:49,535 --> 00:38:54,999
And Jim Miller, head of the program, who
had to finally make the call, said,
508
00:38:55,082 --> 00:38:58,628
"Well, half the fish are female,
half the dolphins, half the whales.
509
00:38:58,711 --> 00:39:00,671
I guess we can put up
with a few women."
510
00:39:07,553 --> 00:39:10,848
Now a team of divers will
attempt to live for two weeks
511
00:39:10,931 --> 00:39:13,768
as quiet residents
on the sea floor.
512
00:39:15,353 --> 00:39:17,355
Ironically, these aquanauts
513
00:39:17,438 --> 00:39:22,276
are not men with extraordinary
physical endurance and stamina,
514
00:39:22,360 --> 00:39:25,112
but five young and
attractive women.
515
00:39:25,195 --> 00:39:28,323
The world's first
real live mermaids.
516
00:39:29,409 --> 00:39:33,663
Their leader is a renowned scientist, Dr.
Sylvia Earle,
517
00:39:33,746 --> 00:39:37,375
a marine botanist and
an experienced diver.
518
00:39:49,303 --> 00:39:52,557
And so they settle down with
all the comforts of home...
519
00:39:52,640 --> 00:39:56,977
TV, refrigerators, and
wall-to-wall carpeting.
520
00:39:58,813 --> 00:40:00,147
You're warm and dry
while you're inside,
521
00:40:00,230 --> 00:40:04,109
but you slip through a hole in the
floor and you're in the water.
522
00:40:07,697 --> 00:40:10,115
And we could be in the water
10 to 12 hours a day.
523
00:40:12,577 --> 00:40:17,331
I felt like a kid in a candy store
except that... everything was living.
524
00:40:21,001 --> 00:40:23,087
You're outside
with the creatures
525
00:40:23,170 --> 00:40:24,880
and you just get to know
them as individuals.
526
00:40:24,964 --> 00:40:28,843
You actually see this
group of five angelfish
527
00:40:28,926 --> 00:40:30,886
that are always there first
thing in the morning...
528
00:40:30,970 --> 00:40:33,639
and they have different attitudes,
different personalities.
529
00:40:35,307 --> 00:40:38,769
That's, I think,
what has given me
530
00:40:38,853 --> 00:40:42,147
a different perspective
than most probably have.
531
00:40:42,231 --> 00:40:45,359
Not just about the ocean, but about
the creatures who live there.
532
00:40:47,111 --> 00:40:48,946
I went into the Tektite project
533
00:40:49,029 --> 00:40:53,242
as an ivory tower scientist,
not really in the public eye.
534
00:40:53,325 --> 00:40:56,245
But Tektite changed everything.
535
00:40:58,163 --> 00:41:00,040
I...
536
00:41:01,792 --> 00:41:03,418
Had to get out of my shell.
537
00:41:07,465 --> 00:41:11,010
We had a parade down the
streets of Chicago.
538
00:41:11,093 --> 00:41:13,804
Mayor Daley gave us
the keys to the city.
539
00:41:14,889 --> 00:41:18,726
On To Tell The Truth, pick
out the real Sylvia Earle.
540
00:41:18,809 --> 00:41:20,310
Sylvia Earle is number two.
541
00:41:21,604 --> 00:41:23,731
♪ American woman ♪
542
00:41:23,814 --> 00:41:26,817
♪ Stay away from me ♪
543
00:41:26,901 --> 00:41:28,528
♪ American woman ♪
544
00:41:28,611 --> 00:41:31,781
♪ Listen what I say ♪
545
00:41:31,864 --> 00:41:34,617
Sylvia Earle was a pioneer...
546
00:41:34,700 --> 00:41:40,706
invading the flannel shirt,
bearded oceanographer image.
547
00:41:43,125 --> 00:41:45,545
There was a real sense that
women simply couldn't do this.
548
00:41:45,628 --> 00:41:46,879
Well, they couldn't
pick up the tanks!
549
00:41:46,962 --> 00:41:48,964
"You can't pick up
that equipment.
550
00:41:49,048 --> 00:41:51,133
Here, let me help you with
your gear, little lady."
551
00:41:55,054 --> 00:41:58,808
She really broke
through the barriers.
552
00:42:00,810 --> 00:42:06,607
And for that, every woman scientist,
for example, should be very grateful.
553
00:42:10,194 --> 00:42:12,655
Months later in California,
554
00:42:12,738 --> 00:42:16,366
Tektite II, the Virgin Islands
and Greater Lameshur Bay
555
00:42:16,450 --> 00:42:19,579
are just memories as Dr.
Earle, wife and mother,
556
00:42:19,662 --> 00:42:23,666
plays with her daughter Elizabeth,
10, and her son Richie, 8.
557
00:42:24,917 --> 00:42:27,753
For Dr. Earle and her husband, Dr.
Giles Mead,
558
00:42:27,837 --> 00:42:30,965
Director of the Los Angeles
County Museum of Natural History,
559
00:42:31,048 --> 00:42:33,801
Tektite II is a significant
milestone in reaching...
560
00:42:33,884 --> 00:42:37,096
So you became sort of
famous after this.
561
00:42:37,179 --> 00:42:40,390
I mean, you became a bit of
a public face for science.
562
00:42:40,474 --> 00:42:43,936
And it was also great 'cause
you were not only smart,
563
00:42:44,019 --> 00:42:46,856
but you were beautiful
and you made that okay.
564
00:42:46,939 --> 00:42:49,316
Well, never occurred to
me that it wasn't okay.
565
00:42:51,193 --> 00:42:55,405
What was tricky, let's say,
difficult, if anything,
566
00:42:55,489 --> 00:42:59,994
was... trying to be a good
mom, trying to be a good wife,
567
00:43:00,077 --> 00:43:04,790
trying to be good Mrs. Museum, Mrs.
Giles Mead,
568
00:43:04,874 --> 00:43:07,752
trying to be presentable
at black tie parties,
569
00:43:07,835 --> 00:43:12,006
trying to be good hostess,
trying to be good scientist.
570
00:43:12,089 --> 00:43:15,676
It was... it was a tricky time.
571
00:43:15,760 --> 00:43:18,428
But, I mean, it's life.
It's life.
572
00:43:19,847 --> 00:43:24,309
And so... so you're in LA, and
how did it end with Giles?
573
00:43:24,393 --> 00:43:27,855
Expedition to the
Comoro Islands in 1975.
574
00:43:28,814 --> 00:43:30,274
A team was put together,
575
00:43:30,357 --> 00:43:33,443
and Giles and I were to
be a part of this team.
576
00:43:34,403 --> 00:43:37,114
We had our tickets, the
bags were packed...
577
00:43:37,197 --> 00:43:42,452
and he said something had come up, that
he would meet me there, "Go ahead."
578
00:43:43,996 --> 00:43:45,831
Time for his plane to arrive...
579
00:43:45,915 --> 00:43:48,793
and the plane arrived,
but he wasn't on it.
580
00:43:50,544 --> 00:43:55,174
I figured, "Well, he must've
been delayed somehow."
581
00:43:55,257 --> 00:43:59,679
And... he was delayed.
He didn't come at all.
582
00:44:01,513 --> 00:44:07,519
Being married to... a
very famous scientist,
583
00:44:07,602 --> 00:44:09,980
who never understood
the glass ceiling
584
00:44:10,064 --> 00:44:14,694
until, all of a sudden, she was better
than everybody where she worked.
585
00:44:14,777 --> 00:44:16,486
That's really hard, you know?
586
00:44:18,613 --> 00:44:22,284
I felt the pain
from time to time.
587
00:44:22,367 --> 00:44:27,289
Wanting to do things that were
tough for me to do as a woman...
588
00:44:27,372 --> 00:44:30,250
because I was a woman, and not
because I was a scientist.
589
00:44:32,544 --> 00:44:36,590
You can think of a thousand excuses
why you can't do something.
590
00:44:36,674 --> 00:44:41,303
The trick is... to not let that get
in the way of making things happen.
591
00:44:44,556 --> 00:44:47,059
Numerous people have told me
that she's no June Cleaver.
592
00:44:47,142 --> 00:44:49,019
Yeah, she's not sort
of the typical mom.
593
00:44:49,103 --> 00:44:50,520
You don't really expect that
594
00:44:50,604 --> 00:44:53,899
your mom's gonna come home with
a five-gallon bucket of algae
595
00:44:53,983 --> 00:44:57,069
and recruit you out into the
garage to start laying it out
596
00:44:57,152 --> 00:44:59,947
and show you the right way to label it
and, you know, these sorts of things.
597
00:45:00,030 --> 00:45:02,116
Those aren't typical,
so, you know...
598
00:45:02,199 --> 00:45:03,450
But it's what we always did.
599
00:45:06,245 --> 00:45:09,706
As a kid, we were constantly being
yanked out of school mid-semester,
600
00:45:09,790 --> 00:45:11,500
and we'd travel with her
kind of all over the place,
601
00:45:11,583 --> 00:45:14,169
wherever she would happen to go.
602
00:45:14,253 --> 00:45:17,422
We were able to get a
broader education that way,
603
00:45:17,506 --> 00:45:21,468
even though it wasn't as
traditional as... as most.
604
00:46:01,466 --> 00:46:05,888
When I came to the Caribbean as part
of the Tektite mission in 1970,
605
00:46:05,971 --> 00:46:09,099
the reefs here
were full of life.
606
00:46:10,767 --> 00:46:14,688
Today... those reefs are gone.
607
00:46:22,612 --> 00:46:26,491
It's happening all
over the world.
608
00:46:26,575 --> 00:46:29,786
About half the corals
are gone, globally,
609
00:46:29,870 --> 00:46:33,498
from where they were
just a few decades ago.
610
00:46:35,250 --> 00:46:37,627
The ocean is dying.
611
00:46:49,639 --> 00:46:51,725
You're saying that the
oceans are in crisis.
612
00:46:51,808 --> 00:46:52,809
Yes.
613
00:46:52,893 --> 00:46:55,604
How so? What's... If they're
so big, if they're so huge...
614
00:46:55,687 --> 00:46:57,606
'Cause they're the biggest thing
on Earth, right? The oceans?
615
00:46:57,689 --> 00:46:59,399
We used to think there's
nothing that we could do
616
00:46:59,483 --> 00:47:00,484
that could harm the ocean.
617
00:47:00,567 --> 00:47:01,651
And we tried, right?
618
00:47:01,735 --> 00:47:03,195
We tried pretty hard
to harm the ocean.
619
00:47:03,278 --> 00:47:06,531
And it was frustrating us, so
we upped the ante a little bit.
620
00:47:12,579 --> 00:47:16,250
There needs to be a
real rethinking.
621
00:47:16,333 --> 00:47:18,585
Unless we just decide that
622
00:47:18,668 --> 00:47:23,173
nature is gonna be a museum
in a few small places...
623
00:47:23,257 --> 00:47:26,886
what we really have to address
is the problem of us.
624
00:47:29,138 --> 00:47:31,891
The biggest threat is there
are far too many people
625
00:47:31,974 --> 00:47:34,101
and our appetites
are out of control.
626
00:47:35,185 --> 00:47:36,728
Not just our appetites for food,
627
00:47:36,811 --> 00:47:40,107
our appetite for wood, our
appetites for fossil fuels.
628
00:47:42,359 --> 00:47:47,656
The biggest problem is releasing
carbon dioxide into the atmosphere
629
00:47:47,739 --> 00:47:51,785
that drives these great
climate change events.
630
00:47:53,120 --> 00:47:56,916
Starting in 1980, we began
to actually measure
631
00:47:56,999 --> 00:48:02,796
the amount of ice deliberately correlated
with the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere.
632
00:48:02,879 --> 00:48:06,008
It tracks. It tracks like this.
633
00:48:07,009 --> 00:48:13,140
The warming trends, CO2 in the
atmosphere, the melting in polar ice.
634
00:48:15,267 --> 00:48:16,518
There's this cognitive link
635
00:48:16,601 --> 00:48:22,066
that people just aren't making about
the role of ocean in climate.
636
00:48:22,149 --> 00:48:25,986
They don't understand the ocean is
this great regulator of temperature,
637
00:48:26,070 --> 00:48:29,990
of the movement of heat
around the planet.
638
00:48:30,074 --> 00:48:33,535
What we're doing to the ocean, what
we're doing to the planet as a whole,
639
00:48:33,618 --> 00:48:35,495
comes back to us
in bigger storms,
640
00:48:35,579 --> 00:48:38,832
more powerful storms,
more frequent storms.
641
00:48:40,167 --> 00:48:42,419
Nobody wants that to happen.
642
00:48:42,502 --> 00:48:45,505
And if we don't want
that to happen...
643
00:48:45,589 --> 00:48:51,178
we will make the connection between
what we're doing to the living ocean
644
00:48:51,261 --> 00:48:56,225
and how that affects the predictability...
of our future.
645
00:49:00,020 --> 00:49:02,731
Our relentless pursuit
for oil and gas,
646
00:49:02,814 --> 00:49:06,901
for energy, continues to
wreak havoc on our oceans.
647
00:49:06,986 --> 00:49:10,072
But ironically, it's
these same industries
648
00:49:10,155 --> 00:49:13,283
that have led to breakthroughs
in underwater exploration.
649
00:49:19,081 --> 00:49:21,791
There is a new tool in the sea.
650
00:49:21,875 --> 00:49:25,920
It moves with the ponderous
rhythms of a mechanical monster.
651
00:49:26,005 --> 00:49:29,008
But actually, it is
a new vehicle...
652
00:49:29,091 --> 00:49:31,426
a personal submersible.
653
00:49:31,510 --> 00:49:35,222
It can withstand water
pressure to 2,000 feet.
654
00:49:35,305 --> 00:49:39,101
Normally, a diver making a
six-hour dive to that depth
655
00:49:39,184 --> 00:49:41,520
would spend 20 days
in decompression.
656
00:49:41,603 --> 00:49:46,066
A diver using JIM for
six hours at 2,000 feet
657
00:49:46,150 --> 00:49:50,320
can surface, open the
hatch and walk away.
658
00:49:54,283 --> 00:49:57,369
But now a new use for the
JIM suit is to be tested.
659
00:50:00,289 --> 00:50:03,167
Dr. Sylvia Earle is
a marine biologist.
660
00:50:03,250 --> 00:50:04,293
Great.
661
00:50:04,376 --> 00:50:05,585
Her question...
662
00:50:05,669 --> 00:50:10,507
"Can scientists use the JIM suit
for dives beyond 1,000 feet?"
663
00:50:10,590 --> 00:50:12,008
If successful...
664
00:50:12,092 --> 00:50:16,763
she will be the first woman to walk
the sea floor beyond 1,000 feet.
665
00:50:19,808 --> 00:50:23,437
I've known Sylvia probably
30-some-odd years.
666
00:50:23,520 --> 00:50:27,066
I think I first met Sylvia in Hawaii
when she was diving in the JIM suit.
667
00:50:28,024 --> 00:50:30,485
I was working with Maui
divers at the time,
668
00:50:30,569 --> 00:50:34,073
and so I just kind of hung around
and helped out where I could.
669
00:50:34,156 --> 00:50:35,407
Ready? Yes.
670
00:50:35,490 --> 00:50:37,409
Let me close you up.
671
00:50:37,492 --> 00:50:40,370
The JIM suit was mounted on
the front of a little sub,
672
00:50:40,454 --> 00:50:44,749
and the idea was that the sub and
Sylvia would descend together,
673
00:50:44,833 --> 00:50:47,127
with the sub being
the safety mechanism
674
00:50:47,211 --> 00:50:50,755
in case something went wrong
with Sylvia in the JIM suit.
675
00:50:51,756 --> 00:50:54,093
Holokai, Holokai. We're
neutrally buoyant.
676
00:50:54,176 --> 00:50:58,347
Sylvia is secured and the divers
are backing us off the LRT.
677
00:50:59,306 --> 00:51:02,726
We are at 100 feet
and going down.
678
00:51:04,228 --> 00:51:06,938
All systems go.
679
00:51:07,021 --> 00:51:08,064
Roger that.
680
00:51:08,148 --> 00:51:11,318
Coming up on 1,150, Sylvia.
How's your systems?
681
00:51:12,486 --> 00:51:14,946
Systems fine. I'll
give you a check.
682
00:51:17,741 --> 00:51:20,869
I see it! Oh! It's the bottom!
683
00:51:27,626 --> 00:51:29,419
It's that thing that
explorers love to do,
684
00:51:29,503 --> 00:51:33,840
which is to just get as far
away from humanity as they can.
685
00:51:33,923 --> 00:51:34,966
In a way, ironically,
686
00:51:35,049 --> 00:51:38,303
it puts you more in touch
with your own humanity.
687
00:51:38,387 --> 00:51:39,596
Looking at a landscape
688
00:51:39,679 --> 00:51:43,225
that hasn't changed in
billions of years...
689
00:51:45,394 --> 00:51:48,522
you just feel the sense that
your lights only go so far,
690
00:51:48,605 --> 00:51:50,649
everything out beyond the
lights is unexplored,
691
00:51:50,732 --> 00:51:51,858
it's still unobserved.
692
00:51:51,941 --> 00:51:56,112
So there's this almost egoless sense of...
of humility
693
00:51:56,196 --> 00:51:59,866
before the vastness
of the unknown.
694
00:52:02,161 --> 00:52:05,330
I had this great opportunity
for two-and-a-half hours
695
00:52:05,414 --> 00:52:10,960
to walk around and explore
the ocean 1,250 feet down.
696
00:52:12,379 --> 00:52:17,091
I asked them to turn off the lights so
we could have a completely dark ocean.
697
00:52:22,514 --> 00:52:25,850
Except it wasn't
completely dark.
698
00:52:32,357 --> 00:52:34,108
It was amazing.
699
00:52:34,193 --> 00:52:36,320
The astronauts on the
moon, the first time,
700
00:52:36,403 --> 00:52:38,697
they could just
look at each other.
701
00:52:38,780 --> 00:52:41,115
I was surrounded by creatures.
702
00:52:43,243 --> 00:52:46,496
Fish swimming by with little
lights down the side.
703
00:52:47,456 --> 00:52:51,210
And there were thousands of
sparkles and flashes everywhere.
704
00:52:59,133 --> 00:53:01,970
It was... I mean, I was...
just like a little kid.
705
00:53:13,982 --> 00:53:16,235
And that must have been...
Was that scary?
706
00:53:16,318 --> 00:53:17,569
No.
707
00:53:17,652 --> 00:53:20,572
The scary part is always
getting on the highway...
708
00:53:20,655 --> 00:53:22,282
...to drive to your submarine.
709
00:53:28,079 --> 00:53:31,458
We say we want to go to the moon, and
10 years later, we're on the moon.
710
00:53:31,541 --> 00:53:33,126
Why can't we say now,
711
00:53:33,209 --> 00:53:36,045
"I wanna walk around
at 37,800 feet,
712
00:53:36,129 --> 00:53:38,673
the bottom of the ocean,
seven miles down"?
713
00:53:38,757 --> 00:53:39,966
And, "Let's do it."
714
00:53:41,801 --> 00:53:43,345
The JIM suit really
fired in me...
715
00:53:43,428 --> 00:53:46,265
the desire to do something
to make it easier,
716
00:53:46,348 --> 00:53:51,978
not just for me, but for everyone,
to gain access to the sea
717
00:53:52,061 --> 00:53:56,858
because only 5% of the ocean,
even today, has been seen.
718
00:53:56,941 --> 00:53:58,985
Let alone mapped and explored.
719
00:54:01,488 --> 00:54:06,618
And I began talking with an engineer who
was associated with that project...
720
00:54:06,701 --> 00:54:10,830
and we got into a lively discussion
about those claws on the JIM suit
721
00:54:10,914 --> 00:54:13,124
and I didn't realize he had
actually designed them.
722
00:54:13,207 --> 00:54:14,959
I was so critical.
723
00:54:15,043 --> 00:54:16,420
I insulted him.
724
00:54:16,503 --> 00:54:18,087
"Oh, I thought I had
a good manipulator
725
00:54:18,171 --> 00:54:20,299
and she says it's a stupid
piece of machinery."
726
00:54:21,716 --> 00:54:24,511
And he went back to
England where he lived,
727
00:54:24,594 --> 00:54:27,639
and what he came back with
was absolutely magnificent.
728
00:54:27,722 --> 00:54:33,978
His name... Graham Hawkes, written...
with such dexterity and finesse
729
00:54:34,062 --> 00:54:37,273
that he could have used
the manipulator arm
730
00:54:37,357 --> 00:54:39,818
to sign a check that
would've cleared the bank.
731
00:54:39,901 --> 00:54:42,278
I was... I was hooked.
732
00:54:42,362 --> 00:54:45,990
It was on this project that she
met her husband, Graham Hawkes.
733
00:54:46,950 --> 00:54:50,454
He is an engineer and inventor who
defected from the aerospace field
734
00:54:50,537 --> 00:54:55,834
when he realized that the last frontier
was not space... but the deep ocean.
735
00:54:55,917 --> 00:54:59,087
What I remember was
Sylvia saying,
736
00:55:00,339 --> 00:55:02,674
"Why can't we go to the
bottom of the ocean?"
737
00:55:03,633 --> 00:55:08,262
I'd spent, I think, five years getting
from 1,500 feet to 2,000 feet,
738
00:55:08,347 --> 00:55:11,600
and here is Sylvia saying,
"I wanna go to 37,000 feet."
739
00:55:11,683 --> 00:55:14,102
When Graham Hawkes and I
first began collaborating,
740
00:55:14,185 --> 00:55:16,605
we wanted to go to
the deepest sea.
741
00:55:16,688 --> 00:55:18,064
Well, I wanted to go anyway.
742
00:55:18,147 --> 00:55:20,359
And then, I'm thinking...
743
00:55:20,442 --> 00:55:23,362
"Lady, I can tell you all the
reasons why we can't do it."
744
00:55:23,445 --> 00:55:27,240
And in the end, I knocked those
reasons down in my mind,
745
00:55:27,323 --> 00:55:30,827
and I kind of thought
maybe we could.
746
00:55:30,910 --> 00:55:33,788
So Sylvia inspired me.
747
00:55:33,872 --> 00:55:35,457
That was the way that worked.
748
00:55:52,348 --> 00:55:53,600
One thing led to another,
749
00:55:53,683 --> 00:55:57,061
and a system called the
Deep Rover was born.
750
00:55:58,146 --> 00:55:59,773
And it's a beautiful system
751
00:55:59,856 --> 00:56:04,068
that I've had the joy of
taking to full 1,000 meters,
752
00:56:04,152 --> 00:56:07,614
its full rated depth...
and a little bit more.
753
00:56:09,949 --> 00:56:13,077
And until James Cameron
came along with his system
754
00:56:13,161 --> 00:56:18,166
that went all the way booming down
to seven miles, 11 kilometers,
755
00:56:18,249 --> 00:56:23,254
we had the deepest solo dives
that anyone had achieved.
756
00:56:23,337 --> 00:56:25,757
You and Graham didn't have
any children, did you?
757
00:56:25,840 --> 00:56:27,426
We had submarines.
758
00:56:29,135 --> 00:56:31,387
Ten years later, parted ways...
759
00:56:31,471 --> 00:56:34,724
but our interest in
actually accessing the sea
760
00:56:34,808 --> 00:56:36,518
and developing new
technologies...
761
00:56:37,477 --> 00:56:40,396
I mean, it burned
brightly in both of us.
762
00:56:43,066 --> 00:56:46,486
Sylvia started designing
her own submarines.
763
00:56:46,570 --> 00:56:48,029
A company she founded
764
00:56:48,112 --> 00:56:51,533
designed the manipulator arm that
was on the Deepsea Challenger,
765
00:56:52,534 --> 00:56:57,121
the sub that James Cameron used
for his record-setting dive.
766
00:56:58,247 --> 00:57:01,417
Are you a little disappointed that
Jim didn't take you with him?
767
00:57:01,501 --> 00:57:03,336
Of course I wanted to go...
768
00:57:03,419 --> 00:57:06,756
but, alas, it's a
one-person system.
769
00:57:06,840 --> 00:57:08,717
The arm is right here.
Here's your arm.
770
00:57:09,718 --> 00:57:12,721
I love the fact that we
have better lights than...
771
00:57:12,804 --> 00:57:14,222
Sylvia was ready to volunteer.
772
00:57:14,305 --> 00:57:16,224
She said, "Fine, put me
through pilot training."
773
00:57:16,307 --> 00:57:18,768
And the thing is, she's... you know...
she's not but this high.
774
00:57:18,852 --> 00:57:22,564
So she's actually a better... a
better deep aquanaut than I am.
775
00:57:22,647 --> 00:57:26,443
You know, she's more physically adapted,
and she pointed that out frequently.
776
00:57:26,526 --> 00:57:30,739
"You know, I would be better
in that sub than you."
777
00:57:30,822 --> 00:57:33,074
Tonight, I'd like to
introduce you to someone
778
00:57:33,157 --> 00:57:35,994
who is way up at the top
of my most admired list.
779
00:57:36,077 --> 00:57:38,246
She is Dr. Sylvia Earle.
780
00:57:38,329 --> 00:57:42,667
In 1990, Sylvia Earle received
a presidential appointment
781
00:57:42,751 --> 00:57:45,336
that, for her, was the
culmination of a life's work.
782
00:57:45,419 --> 00:57:48,548
She became the chief
scientist for NOAA,
783
00:57:48,632 --> 00:57:51,843
National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration.
784
00:57:51,926 --> 00:57:56,389
NOAA oversees the nation's
coastal waters and fisheries.
785
00:57:56,473 --> 00:58:00,810
I loved the opportunity to be
at NOAA as the chief scientist.
786
00:58:00,894 --> 00:58:02,228
I learned things there
787
00:58:02,311 --> 00:58:07,150
that I... that I couldn't know...
from being a private citizen.
788
00:58:08,109 --> 00:58:10,529
I had a chance to see things
789
00:58:10,612 --> 00:58:14,866
that have changed my perception...
of what's actually going on.
790
00:58:21,414 --> 00:58:25,043
I was right in the thick of the
big Persian Gulf oil spill.
791
00:58:26,419 --> 00:58:29,255
I went over to the Persian Gulf
on nine different occasions
792
00:58:29,338 --> 00:58:31,174
to try to make recommendations.
793
00:58:32,759 --> 00:58:35,344
Sylvia Earle is just
back from assessing
794
00:58:35,428 --> 00:58:37,764
the environmental damage
from the Gulf War.
795
00:58:37,847 --> 00:58:42,268
The environment really was shattered,
air, land and sea. Of course, the...
796
00:58:42,351 --> 00:58:44,103
You know, it's very rare
797
00:58:44,187 --> 00:58:46,940
that you would have someone
who is a great scientist
798
00:58:47,023 --> 00:58:48,066
who would also be...
799
00:58:48,149 --> 00:58:52,486
a successful administrator
of an organization like that
800
00:58:52,571 --> 00:58:57,033
because you need to be able to kick
political ass, have influence,
801
00:58:57,116 --> 00:59:01,162
and control the unruly
bureaucracy of people
802
00:59:01,245 --> 00:59:04,082
who come from God only knows
how many administrations,
803
00:59:04,165 --> 00:59:07,794
who think they know the truth,
and they're gonna outlast you.
804
00:59:07,877 --> 00:59:11,172
And so they're just
gonna stonewall.
805
00:59:11,255 --> 00:59:14,133
I went to one meeting of
the fisheries council
806
00:59:14,217 --> 00:59:17,345
and... and I was never
allowed to go again.
807
00:59:18,722 --> 00:59:22,809
A document came across my
desk saying that in 20 years
808
00:59:22,892 --> 00:59:25,604
bluefin tuna populations
in the North Atlantic
809
00:59:25,687 --> 00:59:28,106
had declined by 90%.
810
00:59:29,190 --> 00:59:31,860
I found that shocking.
811
00:59:31,943 --> 00:59:35,614
And so, when I went to
this fisheries meeting
812
00:59:35,697 --> 00:59:36,823
as Chief Scientist,
813
00:59:36,906 --> 00:59:39,533
I raised the issue. What
are we doing to the tuna?
814
00:59:40,827 --> 00:59:43,287
Because if we're trying
to exterminate them,
815
00:59:43,371 --> 00:59:44,956
we're doing a great job.
816
00:59:45,039 --> 00:59:46,916
We have to stop killing them.
817
00:59:47,000 --> 00:59:48,752
Well, that wasn't
a popular view.
818
00:59:48,835 --> 00:59:51,630
That's when they started calling
me The Sturgeon General.
819
00:59:52,589 --> 00:59:56,550
I wasn't really permitted to speak about
the things that I knew the most about.
820
00:59:57,510 --> 01:00:01,555
I feel that I must resign,
and as a private citizen,
821
01:00:01,640 --> 01:00:06,102
do what I can do with more
flexibility, more freedom.
822
01:00:07,561 --> 01:00:13,860
Well... Much as I value the experience...
it was stifling.
823
01:00:14,819 --> 01:00:19,741
I never deliberately said anything as
Chief Scientist that I didn't believe,
824
01:00:19,824 --> 01:00:24,996
but I was asked not to speak on occasions
because they knew what I would say.
825
01:00:26,289 --> 01:00:30,627
On the outside, you're
free to go to places
826
01:00:30,710 --> 01:00:35,965
that I couldn't go... as
a government official.
827
01:00:36,049 --> 01:00:38,760
I can be free to speak my mind.
828
01:00:47,393 --> 01:00:50,897
Not long after I left NOAA, I
was in the Tokyo fish market.
829
01:00:50,980 --> 01:00:53,107
There's no place on the planet
830
01:00:53,191 --> 01:00:56,903
where more fish are brought
from more places in the world
831
01:00:56,986 --> 01:00:58,529
than in Tokyo.
832
01:00:59,989 --> 01:01:05,036
Tons and tons of ocean wildlife
extracted and consumed
833
01:01:05,119 --> 01:01:10,083
just... year after year
after year after year.
834
01:01:11,084 --> 01:01:14,170
It's hard to imagine that
the ocean can continue.
835
01:01:25,514 --> 01:01:30,394
And then I saw rows and
rows and rows... of tuna.
836
01:01:30,478 --> 01:01:32,981
There must be a thousand
fish here or more.
837
01:01:33,064 --> 01:01:35,274
- Giant bluefin.
- Yeah.
838
01:01:36,192 --> 01:01:37,443
Oh...
839
01:01:41,823 --> 01:01:45,034
Many of the tuna I saw back
then were just babies.
840
01:01:45,118 --> 01:01:49,205
They hadn't even reached a point
where they could start to reproduce.
841
01:01:49,288 --> 01:01:50,832
And that was in the 1990s.
842
01:01:50,915 --> 01:01:52,959
It's gotten so much worse.
843
01:01:53,960 --> 01:01:55,712
If you go to Tsukiji today...
844
01:01:55,795 --> 01:01:58,923
the bluefin tuna being bought for
restaurants all over the world
845
01:01:59,007 --> 01:02:01,801
are even smaller and younger.
846
01:02:01,885 --> 01:02:05,679
We're fishing them to the
very edge of extinction.
847
01:02:24,783 --> 01:02:27,201
But I don't have to
stop eating fish, do I?
848
01:02:27,285 --> 01:02:28,452
Well, I have.
849
01:02:28,536 --> 01:02:30,246
- You've stopped eating fish?
- I have, because...
850
01:02:30,329 --> 01:02:31,790
'Cause you've been down
there under the ocean
851
01:02:31,873 --> 01:02:34,583
and you've seen them do the
dirty business, and you...
852
01:02:34,667 --> 01:02:36,878
- I know too much.
- That probably turns your stomach on it.
853
01:02:36,961 --> 01:02:38,462
But... I...
854
01:02:38,546 --> 01:02:41,715
We eat a lot of fish. Fish is
supposed to be the healthy food.
855
01:02:41,800 --> 01:02:42,926
- That's the...
- I mean, how else am I supposed to
856
01:02:43,009 --> 01:02:44,385
get my mercury?
857
01:02:45,303 --> 01:02:48,014
If we... if we went off of the major
fish that we eat in the oceans,
858
01:02:48,097 --> 01:02:50,141
what... what should we eat? I
mean, should we be eating...
859
01:02:50,224 --> 01:02:51,517
We can't eat the cows, right?
860
01:02:51,600 --> 01:02:54,103
We can't eat the pigs 'cause those
industrial farms hurt us, too.
861
01:02:54,187 --> 01:02:57,398
What's left? Invertebrates?
You know?
862
01:02:57,481 --> 01:03:00,651
We're gonna have to give them a new name
just to make us eat them, you know?
863
01:03:00,734 --> 01:03:05,156
The way we called Patagonian toothfish
Chilean sea bass to get us to eat that.
864
01:03:05,239 --> 01:03:09,118
Orange roughy, the... what
scientists call them, "slimeheads."
865
01:03:09,202 --> 01:03:10,203
- Slimeheads?
- Mmm-hmm.
866
01:03:10,286 --> 01:03:11,871
So we changed the name
to "orange roughy"
867
01:03:11,955 --> 01:03:13,206
- and then we started eating them?
- That's right.
868
01:03:13,289 --> 01:03:14,415
Why don't we start calling...
869
01:03:14,498 --> 01:03:18,377
why don't we start calling
earthworms Appalachian yard trout?
870
01:03:19,628 --> 01:03:21,047
- And then we'll just...
- I like it. I like it a lot.
871
01:03:21,130 --> 01:03:22,924
...we'll start eating those
and it'll be all fine.
872
01:03:23,842 --> 01:03:27,929
Fishing is one of the more important
occupations along the coast.
873
01:03:28,012 --> 01:03:30,431
Strangely enough... the
most important catch
874
01:03:30,514 --> 01:03:35,979
is not primarily a food fish...
but the fabulous menhaden.
875
01:03:36,062 --> 01:03:38,689
An important marine
industry has been developed
876
01:03:38,772 --> 01:03:41,943
based on the valuable oil
extracted from the menhaden.
877
01:03:42,026 --> 01:03:45,321
Most people have never
heard of menhaden.
878
01:03:45,404 --> 01:03:49,158
Menhaden used to be
unbelievably abundant
879
01:03:49,242 --> 01:03:51,953
to the point that you
just couldn't see through
880
01:03:52,036 --> 01:03:55,206
the schools of billions of fish.
881
01:03:56,790 --> 01:03:58,042
And now these guys come in
882
01:03:58,126 --> 01:04:03,172
and they suck up with their vacuum
cleaner vast amounts of menhaden.
883
01:04:03,256 --> 01:04:05,466
For what? For chicken feed.
884
01:04:05,549 --> 01:04:09,678
So that we can eat chicken
that tastes like fish.
885
01:04:11,931 --> 01:04:14,392
We're so good at
killing menhaden,
886
01:04:14,475 --> 01:04:18,021
so good at turning them
into fishmeal and fish oil.
887
01:04:18,104 --> 01:04:20,481
My doctor tells me,
"Take Omega-3 pills.
888
01:04:20,564 --> 01:04:21,732
They're very good for you."
889
01:04:21,815 --> 01:04:23,567
So what do I do?
890
01:04:23,651 --> 01:04:27,947
We don't have to kill fish
to get the omega oils
891
01:04:28,031 --> 01:04:30,491
that we really value and
that are good for us.
892
01:04:30,574 --> 01:04:34,120
We can get them from the
plants that the fish eat.
893
01:04:34,203 --> 01:04:36,664
Fish don't make
those oils anyway.
894
01:04:44,297 --> 01:04:48,676
You know, menhaden are really
quite extraordinary fish.
895
01:04:50,970 --> 01:04:55,683
What they in fact act as is the...
the kidneys of the ocean.
896
01:04:55,766 --> 01:05:00,479
They're cleaning up the water of
excess phytoplankton and detritus.
897
01:05:02,856 --> 01:05:04,442
And then on top of that,
898
01:05:04,525 --> 01:05:09,405
they are the base of the food chain
for bluefish and striped bass
899
01:05:09,488 --> 01:05:14,702
and all of these fish that are
incredibly valuable, incredibly tasty.
900
01:05:15,828 --> 01:05:21,375
And as menhaden have disappeared,
so have these very valuable fish.
901
01:05:23,794 --> 01:05:26,047
Once the menhaden are gone,
902
01:05:26,130 --> 01:05:31,594
the Chesapeake Bay will not
be the same intact ecosystem.
903
01:05:49,112 --> 01:05:53,407
This is the face of industrial
fishing in the Chesapeake Bay.
904
01:05:53,491 --> 01:05:58,246
Fleets of boats, spotter
planes, and huge nets
905
01:05:58,329 --> 01:06:03,334
that capture entire schools of
fish in a matter of minutes.
906
01:06:14,137 --> 01:06:15,429
Get 'em in there!
907
01:06:15,513 --> 01:06:17,265
Get in there! All
the way in there!
908
01:06:17,348 --> 01:06:19,850
You guys come on this side! Let's get...
let's get in there.
909
01:06:19,933 --> 01:06:24,355
Back away! It's dangerous! Go away!
Get out of there!
910
01:06:24,438 --> 01:06:27,066
- Here we go.
- Got it?
911
01:06:27,150 --> 01:06:31,820
I've looked at any number of charts,
graphs... numbers on a page.
912
01:06:34,782 --> 01:06:39,578
I've seen lots of photographs of
industrial fishing operations.
913
01:06:39,662 --> 01:06:42,581
But to actually be in the
water with the fish...
914
01:07:12,070 --> 01:07:14,613
It was surreal...
915
01:07:14,697 --> 01:07:17,408
to see those little
fish captured
916
01:07:17,491 --> 01:07:20,036
in a way that is unlike anything
in the history of the planet
917
01:07:20,119 --> 01:07:21,870
until we came along.
918
01:07:25,874 --> 01:07:29,420
For a moment... I felt as if...
919
01:07:29,503 --> 01:07:32,715
a piece of me was being ripped
out of the ocean as well.
920
01:07:39,012 --> 01:07:42,808
Overfishing, it's an
amazing phenomenon.
921
01:07:44,643 --> 01:07:48,939
Who would've ever thought
that people would be able
922
01:07:49,022 --> 01:07:53,444
to fish so efficiently and so
effectively and so strongly
923
01:07:53,527 --> 01:07:57,990
that we would reduce the stocks of
these species that were present
924
01:07:58,074 --> 01:07:59,700
by the billions
925
01:07:59,783 --> 01:08:03,662
to the point of obliteration
or near-obliteration?
926
01:08:04,580 --> 01:08:08,209
But we have done it systematically
with enormous success.
927
01:08:10,211 --> 01:08:13,339
We've done it to Atlantic tuna.
928
01:08:14,632 --> 01:08:16,717
We've done it to sharks.
929
01:08:16,800 --> 01:08:19,011
We've done it to cod.
930
01:08:20,179 --> 01:08:21,555
We've done it to halibut...
931
01:08:22,556 --> 01:08:27,520
to anchovies, to
herring, to sardines.
932
01:08:27,603 --> 01:08:29,480
We've done it to...
933
01:08:29,563 --> 01:08:32,858
just about every damn thing
you would ever wanna eat.
934
01:08:37,405 --> 01:08:40,116
Good job, Bryce.
935
01:08:40,199 --> 01:08:42,410
We have this idea, we humans,
936
01:08:42,493 --> 01:08:45,954
that the ocean is so big,
so vast, so resilient,
937
01:08:46,038 --> 01:08:47,581
it doesn't matter
what we do to it.
938
01:08:47,665 --> 01:08:49,458
That was... that was crazy.
939
01:08:49,542 --> 01:08:50,834
Our ignorance
940
01:08:50,918 --> 01:08:53,546
is really the biggest
problem that we now face.
941
01:08:53,629 --> 01:08:57,383
We now can learn
from the past...
942
01:08:57,466 --> 01:08:58,717
and as never before,
943
01:08:58,801 --> 01:09:02,388
do something about it
before it's too late.
944
01:09:02,471 --> 01:09:04,640
Sylvia has a wish
for the planet...
945
01:09:04,723 --> 01:09:07,100
what she calls her Mission Blue.
946
01:09:07,185 --> 01:09:08,936
And it's really very simple.
947
01:09:09,019 --> 01:09:13,524
Protect the ocean in the same
way we now protect the land.
948
01:09:15,193 --> 01:09:20,489
In 1872, the United States began
establishing a system of parks...
949
01:09:20,573 --> 01:09:24,743
that some say is the best
idea America ever had.
950
01:09:24,827 --> 01:09:28,247
About 12% of the land around
the world is now protected,
951
01:09:29,248 --> 01:09:34,170
but only a fraction of 1% of the
ocean is fully protected globally.
952
01:09:36,046 --> 01:09:39,342
How did you come up with
the idea for Hope Spots?
953
01:09:39,425 --> 01:09:40,759
On the land,
954
01:09:40,843 --> 01:09:43,637
people have recognized places
that are in good shape,
955
01:09:43,721 --> 01:09:46,515
but they're under
threat as hot spots.
956
01:09:46,599 --> 01:09:47,600
Hot spots.
957
01:09:47,683 --> 01:09:48,684
And I said, "Well,
958
01:09:48,767 --> 01:09:51,687
we need to do the same thing,
of course, for the ocean...
959
01:09:51,770 --> 01:09:54,857
but why don't we call
them Hope Spots?"
960
01:09:54,940 --> 01:09:58,236
Because, if we take
action, recovery,
961
01:09:58,319 --> 01:10:01,071
we're at least making them better
than they otherwise would be...
962
01:10:01,154 --> 01:10:03,031
Cause for hope.
963
01:10:04,992 --> 01:10:06,159
She's just asking people
964
01:10:06,244 --> 01:10:10,456
to do everything in their power to
preserve large portions of the ocean.
965
01:10:10,539 --> 01:10:13,917
Not pin pricks, but large
portions of the ocean.
966
01:10:14,001 --> 01:10:15,753
That's a reasonable wish.
967
01:10:15,836 --> 01:10:18,881
The biggest thing we've done to
change the oceans to date...
968
01:10:18,964 --> 01:10:21,800
is kill things that live there.
969
01:10:22,926 --> 01:10:26,930
And if you can say, "In this place,
we're not going to do that,"
970
01:10:27,014 --> 01:10:28,932
that's really worth doing.
971
01:10:29,016 --> 01:10:31,894
You know, the Hope Spots
can't just be pretty places.
972
01:10:31,977 --> 01:10:37,858
The Hope Spots have to be places
where the potential is identified,
973
01:10:37,941 --> 01:10:40,278
the threats are identified...
974
01:10:40,361 --> 01:10:44,782
and some kind of concrete
action is taken.
975
01:10:55,334 --> 01:10:58,254
This is Cabo Pulmo, Mexico.
976
01:11:00,339 --> 01:11:04,635
For more than a century, it was
a thriving fishing village...
977
01:11:06,262 --> 01:11:08,681
and then the tourists came...
978
01:11:09,973 --> 01:11:12,393
and then the sport fishermen...
979
01:11:12,476 --> 01:11:17,147
and then the industrial fleet
with their long lines and nets.
980
01:11:18,148 --> 01:11:22,361
By the 1980s, so much had been taken
from the surrounding water...
981
01:11:22,445 --> 01:11:25,113
that nothing was left.
982
01:11:27,157 --> 01:11:32,288
In 1997, the people who live
here took the ocean back.
983
01:11:34,373 --> 01:11:38,336
Together they created a Hope Spot
70 square kilometers around,
984
01:11:38,419 --> 01:11:42,840
making it completely off limits to
fishing and dumping and drilling.
985
01:11:48,637 --> 01:11:50,848
Okay, come on, come on, come on.
986
01:11:50,931 --> 01:11:53,058
Since the protected
zone was established,
987
01:11:53,141 --> 01:11:56,812
Cabo Pulmo has replaced
fishing with ecotourism
988
01:11:56,895 --> 01:11:58,481
and the community is thriving.
989
01:11:58,564 --> 01:12:01,609
Well, how is it possible that
this is our first dive together?
990
01:12:01,692 --> 01:12:03,319
- I don't know, but it's true.
- It is true.
991
01:12:03,402 --> 01:12:04,903
It is absolutely true.
992
01:12:07,155 --> 01:12:11,369
The idea of protecting the
ocean to bring back the fish
993
01:12:12,370 --> 01:12:14,121
is an idea whose
time has come...
994
01:12:15,288 --> 01:12:18,166
and it's beginning to
work all over the world.
995
01:13:38,956 --> 01:13:43,627
A Hope Spot is a place that
gives you cause for hope.
996
01:13:43,711 --> 01:13:48,966
It's a big chunk of the planet... or
it can be a relatively small place.
997
01:13:49,049 --> 01:13:50,551
Like Cabo Pulmo...
998
01:13:50,634 --> 01:13:54,137
where... conscious
efforts have shown that
999
01:13:54,221 --> 01:13:58,141
if you make an investment...
care for a place...
1000
01:13:58,225 --> 01:14:02,312
it can recover and be
a symbol for hope.
1001
01:14:12,656 --> 01:14:13,741
Bueno?
1002
01:14:13,824 --> 01:14:16,409
Yeah, it's pretty amazing.
1003
01:14:20,247 --> 01:14:22,791
I think I wanna be a jack.
1004
01:14:22,875 --> 01:14:25,210
- You what?
- I think I want to be a jack.
1005
01:14:25,293 --> 01:14:27,755
You wanna be a jack?
1006
01:14:48,776 --> 01:14:52,445
Every place, even the small
places, make a difference.
1007
01:14:52,530 --> 01:14:56,158
But we need to scale up.
We need to think big.
1008
01:15:15,886 --> 01:15:19,598
Sylvia has invited me to join her
on a mission to Australia...
1009
01:15:19,682 --> 01:15:24,186
already home to one of the
largest Hope Spots in the world.
1010
01:15:25,979 --> 01:15:29,942
She's here to campaign for
one that's even bigger.
1011
01:15:30,025 --> 01:15:34,071
Whilst we were running this campaign, the
Global Census of Marine Life came out,
1012
01:15:34,154 --> 01:15:37,365
and it showed that Australia
had more marine diversity,
1013
01:15:37,449 --> 01:15:39,868
more marine species than any
other country in the world.
1014
01:15:39,952 --> 01:15:43,413
Like, 95% are just found there
and nowhere else on the planet.
1015
01:15:43,496 --> 01:15:44,832
Yeah, I was gonna say that.
1016
01:15:44,915 --> 01:15:46,166
- That's amazing!
- Yeah.
1017
01:16:07,688 --> 01:16:09,648
Sylvia wanted to
take me to a place
1018
01:16:09,732 --> 01:16:12,943
she'd been before
in the Coral Sea...
1019
01:16:13,026 --> 01:16:16,071
more than 100 miles out
into the open ocean.
1020
01:16:59,489 --> 01:17:02,701
Australia is a leader in terms of
establishing protection for the sea,
1021
01:17:02,785 --> 01:17:06,997
starting in the mid-1970s
with the establishment
1022
01:17:07,080 --> 01:17:10,333
of the Great Barrier Reef
Marine Park Authority...
1023
01:17:10,417 --> 01:17:13,796
and more recently, a
designation of the Coral Sea,
1024
01:17:13,879 --> 01:17:17,633
a large area that basically
hugs the Great Barrier Reef.
1025
01:17:24,264 --> 01:17:27,559
My first glimpse of the
Coral Sea underwater
1026
01:17:27,643 --> 01:17:29,061
was in the 1970s.
1027
01:17:30,062 --> 01:17:32,105
It was really pristine,
1028
01:17:32,189 --> 01:17:36,318
in the sense that little fishing had
taken place there at that time.
1029
01:17:53,001 --> 01:17:55,671
There are still large
areas of the Coral Sea
1030
01:17:55,754 --> 01:17:58,256
that are untouched
and unspoiled.
1031
01:17:58,340 --> 01:18:01,093
But making it a no
catch, no dump zone
1032
01:18:01,176 --> 01:18:04,179
is the kind of insurance that
is needed to keep it that way.
1033
01:18:06,389 --> 01:18:07,891
- Looks beautiful though, huh?
- Sure does.
1034
01:18:07,975 --> 01:18:09,685
You can kind of tell
why nobody's out here.
1035
01:18:09,768 --> 01:18:11,186
It's so far.
1036
01:19:35,896 --> 01:19:40,233
We've come out all this way
and all we find are ruins.
1037
01:19:42,945 --> 01:19:46,990
The place Sylvia remembered
so vividly is gone.
1038
01:19:53,496 --> 01:19:56,834
I am driven by what I know...
1039
01:19:56,917 --> 01:19:59,252
by the reality...
1040
01:19:59,336 --> 01:20:03,173
as a scientist looking...
at the evidence...
1041
01:20:03,256 --> 01:20:07,970
that my species, the world
I know, the world I love,
1042
01:20:08,053 --> 01:20:09,554
is in trouble.
1043
01:20:12,432 --> 01:20:18,146
People I know and love... may not
realize how much trouble we're in.
1044
01:20:46,008 --> 01:20:48,969
- So that's the Coral Sea, huh?
- Yeah.
1045
01:20:50,095 --> 01:20:52,597
- Lot of dead coral, though.
- Yeah.
1046
01:20:52,680 --> 01:20:55,350
- Still not many fish.
- No.
1047
01:20:56,726 --> 01:20:58,854
Not one shark. Not even one.
1048
01:20:58,937 --> 01:21:00,188
- Not one shark.
- No barracuda.
1049
01:21:00,272 --> 01:21:03,150
We were hoping for the
schooling barracuda here.
1050
01:21:03,233 --> 01:21:04,609
No fish. I mean...
1051
01:21:04,692 --> 01:21:06,778
You... you were
expecting more, right?
1052
01:21:06,862 --> 01:21:09,948
Oh, heavens yes. Hoping for it.
1053
01:21:10,032 --> 01:21:12,993
Just never thought, way out
here, we'd have no fish.
1054
01:21:13,076 --> 01:21:14,119
No.
1055
01:21:14,202 --> 01:21:17,956
Do you think it was bleaching
and just the world of...
1056
01:21:18,040 --> 01:21:19,082
The world is changing.
1057
01:21:19,166 --> 01:21:22,085
Half the coral reefs
around the world are gone.
1058
01:21:22,169 --> 01:21:25,172
So we're lucky to see
what we did see.
1059
01:21:28,591 --> 01:21:29,592
Wow.
1060
01:21:34,932 --> 01:21:36,599
Coral reef is like a city.
1061
01:21:37,600 --> 01:21:40,145
It's not just the buildings.
1062
01:21:40,228 --> 01:21:41,980
New York needs its taxi drivers.
1063
01:21:42,064 --> 01:21:43,690
It needs its doctors.
1064
01:21:43,773 --> 01:21:45,275
It needs the teachers.
1065
01:21:45,358 --> 01:21:48,904
It needs all the pieces that
make the system function.
1066
01:21:50,238 --> 01:21:51,573
The corals need the fish.
1067
01:21:51,656 --> 01:21:52,657
The fish need the coral.
1068
01:21:52,740 --> 01:21:54,826
You take the fish
away, the corals die.
1069
01:21:54,910 --> 01:21:56,661
You take the corals
away, the fish die.
1070
01:21:59,414 --> 01:22:02,417
We can do things to the ocean.
We will do things.
1071
01:22:02,500 --> 01:22:03,751
But first we ought
to think about
1072
01:22:03,835 --> 01:22:07,047
how can we use the ocean
and not use it up.
1073
01:22:10,633 --> 01:22:13,136
So, Syl, the corals just didn't
look good or they... they were...
1074
01:22:13,220 --> 01:22:15,847
No, the living stuff
was mostly young.
1075
01:22:15,931 --> 01:22:17,599
Nothing old that...
1076
01:22:17,682 --> 01:22:20,268
Well, the reef... the
reef here were big.
1077
01:22:22,354 --> 01:22:24,522
Coral's what you expect
to see in the Coral Sea.
1078
01:22:24,606 --> 01:22:26,358
And we're in the
middle of nowhere.
1079
01:22:26,441 --> 01:22:28,651
- That's what's so...
- I know this is...
1080
01:22:28,735 --> 01:22:31,238
- We're in the middle of everywhere?
- Middle of everywhere.
1081
01:22:32,364 --> 01:22:34,532
- Okay.
- Okay.
1082
01:22:34,616 --> 01:22:36,784
- Thanks, Sylvia.
- Yeah.
1083
01:22:55,678 --> 01:22:59,141
Sylvia, I honestly have
never met anyone like you.
1084
01:22:59,224 --> 01:23:02,269
Your energy, your
tenacity, your passion...
1085
01:23:02,352 --> 01:23:05,147
It's... It's inspiring.
1086
01:23:05,230 --> 01:23:08,566
Do you ever have that moment
where you say to yourself,
1087
01:23:08,650 --> 01:23:12,445
"I'm not gonna do it today. I'm
gonna just take the day off"?
1088
01:23:14,072 --> 01:23:16,866
If you saw a child
1089
01:23:16,949 --> 01:23:21,538
falling out of a
10-story window,
1090
01:23:21,621 --> 01:23:24,916
and you have the ability to
reach out and catch him,
1091
01:23:25,000 --> 01:23:27,335
you do everything you can to
position yourself to catch him.
1092
01:23:27,419 --> 01:23:29,587
You don't take a break and say,
1093
01:23:29,671 --> 01:23:32,215
"Oh... while the child is
falling out of the sky,
1094
01:23:32,299 --> 01:23:33,925
I'm gonna go over..."
1095
01:23:34,009 --> 01:23:37,095
No, you're there 24/7.
1096
01:23:37,179 --> 01:23:40,182
You're there every... with every
ounce of what you've got.
1097
01:23:40,265 --> 01:23:41,766
You want to save that child.
1098
01:23:42,559 --> 01:23:45,895
♪ Looking up from underneath ♪
1099
01:23:45,978 --> 01:23:49,024
♪ Fractured moonlight
on the sea ♪
1100
01:23:49,107 --> 01:23:52,735
♪ Reflections still
look the same to me ♪
1101
01:23:52,819 --> 01:23:54,946
♪ As before I went under ♪
1102
01:23:55,030 --> 01:23:58,366
♪ And it's peaceful
in the deep ♪
1103
01:23:58,450 --> 01:24:01,453
♪ Cathedral where you
cannot breathe ♪
1104
01:24:01,536 --> 01:24:06,458
♪ No need to pray,
no need to speak ♪
1105
01:24:06,541 --> 01:24:09,711
♪ Now I am under all ♪
1106
01:24:09,794 --> 01:24:10,920
We're not out of the game yet.
1107
01:24:11,003 --> 01:24:14,882
We could still win this thing if
we were able to turn it around.
1108
01:24:14,966 --> 01:24:17,177
We've just got to get out there
1109
01:24:17,260 --> 01:24:19,971
and make the public aware
of what's happening
1110
01:24:20,055 --> 01:24:21,514
and make them care about
what's happening.
1111
01:24:28,146 --> 01:24:29,814
We've got to really rewire
1112
01:24:29,897 --> 01:24:33,360
the way human beings look at
our relationship to nature.
1113
01:24:34,194 --> 01:24:37,530
♪ And the arms of the ocean ♪
1114
01:24:37,614 --> 01:24:41,201
♪ Are carrying me ♪
1115
01:24:41,284 --> 01:24:43,870
♪ And all this devotion ♪
1116
01:24:43,953 --> 01:24:47,999
♪ Was rushing out of me ♪
1117
01:24:48,083 --> 01:24:50,918
♪ In the crushes of heaven ♪
1118
01:24:51,002 --> 01:24:54,297
♪ For a sinner like me ♪
1119
01:24:54,381 --> 01:25:00,345
♪ But the arms of the
ocean delivered me ♪
1120
01:25:02,054 --> 01:25:04,932
In the same way that
humans have the ability
1121
01:25:05,016 --> 01:25:08,603
to consciously shift the balance
of the Earth, which we've done,
1122
01:25:08,686 --> 01:25:13,858
we also have the capacity and
capability of stopping it.
1123
01:25:13,941 --> 01:25:15,818
We can shift it. We have to.
1124
01:25:15,902 --> 01:25:17,904
It just... It has to happen.
1125
01:25:17,987 --> 01:25:20,782
What we have on Earth
is all we'll ever have.
1126
01:25:20,865 --> 01:25:22,367
We need to remember that.
1127
01:25:23,993 --> 01:25:25,828
The sad fact of it is that...
1128
01:25:25,912 --> 01:25:29,040
the ocean could be empty and
it would still look the same.
1129
01:25:30,125 --> 01:25:34,712
It's a very hard thing to
convey what's happening,
1130
01:25:34,796 --> 01:25:37,089
how it will affect
you personally.
1131
01:25:37,174 --> 01:25:42,345
And so as the ocean is being
emptied, and as the ocean is dying,
1132
01:25:42,429 --> 01:25:46,224
the surface looks the same,
the waves look the same.
1133
01:25:49,394 --> 01:25:52,104
If I could be born
anywhere in time,
1134
01:25:52,189 --> 01:25:54,106
it would be now.
1135
01:25:54,191 --> 01:25:59,529
It would be now because this is the
time, as never before, that we know.
1136
01:25:59,612 --> 01:26:03,200
We understand what we
didn't know 50 years ago.
1137
01:26:05,785 --> 01:26:10,790
If we wait another 50 years...
opportunities we now have will be gone.
1138
01:26:12,292 --> 01:26:13,793
This is the moment.
1139
01:26:13,876 --> 01:26:19,048
Our decisions, our actions will
shape everything that follows.
1140
01:26:29,517 --> 01:26:34,397
♪ How much do I love you? ♪
1141
01:26:36,733 --> 01:26:41,488
♪ I'll tell you no lie ♪
1142
01:26:43,656 --> 01:26:48,370
♪ How deep is the ocean? ♪
1143
01:26:50,663 --> 01:26:55,543
♪ How high is the sky? ♪
1144
01:26:57,254 --> 01:27:03,092
♪ How many times a day ♪
1145
01:27:03,175 --> 01:27:08,806
♪ Do I think of you? ♪
1146
01:27:12,227 --> 01:27:16,022
♪ How many roses ♪
1147
01:27:17,023 --> 01:27:23,029
♪ Are sprinkled,
sprinkled with dew? ♪
1148
01:27:25,698 --> 01:27:30,703
♪ How far would I travel ♪
1149
01:27:32,705 --> 01:27:37,585
♪ To be where you are? ♪
1150
01:27:39,712 --> 01:27:44,592
♪ How far is the journey ♪
1151
01:27:46,761 --> 01:27:51,349
♪ From here to a star? ♪
1152
01:27:53,518 --> 01:27:59,566
♪ And if I ever lost you ♪
1153
01:28:01,025 --> 01:28:06,197
♪ How much would I cry? ♪
1154
01:28:08,366 --> 01:28:13,830
♪ How deep is the ocean? ♪
1155
01:28:15,457 --> 01:28:19,711
♪ How high is the sky? ♪
1156
01:28:22,254 --> 01:28:28,761
♪ And if I ever lost you ♪
1157
01:28:29,929 --> 01:28:34,726
♪ How much would I cry? ♪
1158
01:28:37,354 --> 01:28:42,317
♪ How deep is the ocean? ♪
1159
01:28:44,276 --> 01:28:47,489
♪ How high ♪
1160
01:28:47,572 --> 01:28:52,577
♪ Is the sky? ♪
1161
01:28:52,660 --> 01:28:58,791
♪ How high is the sky? ♪
92434
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