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(no audio)
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(upbeat music)
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- The Artemis program
is led by NASA
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along with six partner agencies.
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The goal is to return
humans to the moon
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and establish a
sustainable presence there,
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preparing us to develop
the necessary skills
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for future missions to Mars.
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It sounds like science fiction,
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but it's happening right now.
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- We're starting to break the
bonds from our home planet,
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just like we were breaking
the bonds from gravity
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and being able to take flight.
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- [Myrna] A new chapter
in space exploration
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is about to unfold.
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- The launch of Artemis 1 is
a new beginning for discovery,
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for our country,
for our species.
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- We have this one single
planet that we have.
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What's beyond there?
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Where else can we go?
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Can we live on Mars?
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- By establishing a sustainable
presence on the moon
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and developing new technologies,
Artemis is paving the way
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for future missions
into deep space.
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Get ready for liftoff.
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It's time to go
"Behind The Wings".
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I'm Myrna James.
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I'm a science
journalist specializing
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in all things technology.
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We're here at Wings
Over The Rockies
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Air and Space Museum
in Denver, Colorado.
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Today, we're going
into deep space
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with NASA's latest human
exploration program, Artemis.
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There's a lot to
explore in this one,
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but before we dive into
the Artemis program,
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let's take a look
at how we got here.
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- We choose to go to
the moon in this decade
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and do the other things,
not because they are easy,
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but because they are hard.
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- [Myrna] Apollo was the
first ever space program
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to bring humans to the moon,
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but it was a huge
technological challenge.
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(radio chatter)
Weve got a fire in the cockpit.
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- [Myrna] The Apollo 1
mission began in 1967
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and sadly resulted in the loss
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of three astronaut lives
during a test.
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By 1969, Apollo 11
brought Neil Armstrong
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to take the first ever
steps on the moon.
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- It's one small step for man,
one giant leap for mankind.
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- [Myrna] Apollo 17 was
the final Apollo mission,
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and the program ended in
1972 due to lack of funding
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and risk to the
astronauts at that time.
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At the Kennedy Space
Center in Florida,
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it's a whole new era
for space exploration.
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- This is the place
where our species
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first departed the shores
of our home planet.
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We launched our
American astronauts
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on the Saturn V launch vehicle
during the Apollo program,
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and they first
walked on the surface
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of another celestial body
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and they departed right here
at the Kennedy Space Center.
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And since that time,
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we've continued to
do incredible things.
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Well, the Kennedy Space Center
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is an amazing place right now.
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It's never been busier.
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- Artemis 1, the first
mission of the Artemis program
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was a test flight for space
flight hardware and software.
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It was uncrewed, which
means, of course,
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no one was on board.
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It launched in November, 2022,
from Kennedy Space Center.
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- The launch of Artemis 1 is
a new beginning for discovery,
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for our country,
for our species.
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We're gonna learn things
that we can't even anticipate
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by sending our astronaut crews
back to the moon to stay,
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to live, to learn.
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And eventually, it'll
give us the knowledge
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and information we
need to go to Mars.
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- How did it feel when Artemis
1 launched so successfully?
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- I'll never forget
driving into work that day
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and thinking to myself,
"This is the day for us.
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"We're gonna launch
Artemis today."
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And then I got into
the firing room
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and at the time, I was
director of engineering,
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so I sat with the
chief engineers.
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As we approached the
T-minus 10 minute hold,
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the launch director,
Charlie Blackwell-Thompson,
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giving the go for
Artemis 1 launch,
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the ground launch sequence
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or a computer program
that controls the launch
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picked up the count
at T-minus 10 minutes.
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It monitors thousands
of measurements
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both on the ground and on the
launch vehicle and spacecraft.
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And I'm thinking to myself,
"We're really gonna go."
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- Seven.
- And at T-minus six seconds,
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the main engines on
the core stage lit up.
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And I could see
the glow coming out
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from the mobile launcher.
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The countdown went five,
four, three, two, one.
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- One.
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Boosters and ignition!
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- [Shawn] And the solid
rocket boosters ignited,
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lighting up the
entire Florida sky.
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We've gotta get that
vehicle clear of the tower,
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get the umbilical
arms out of the way.
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And before I could even
complete the thought,
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the vehicle had
cleared the tower.
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It is a fast mover.
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- [Announcer] And
lift off of Artemis 1.
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We rise together back
to the moon and beyond.
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- [Shawn] The Artemis 1 launch
was amazingly successful.
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The launch vehicle put
the Orion spacecraft
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on a precise trajectory
around the moon.
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And after about 25 days,
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Orion approached the Earth
at 25,000 miles an hour,
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reentered the atmosphere, and
with the aid of parachutes,
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hit the water about
20 miles an hour.
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- After that
successful test flight,
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where does it go from here?
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- Engineers are combing
over the data right now
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for the launch vehicle
and the spacecraft,
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and we are making modifications
to the mobile launcher.
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We're hardening it, making
it able to withstand
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the blast loads, the exhaust
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coming out of the
rocket, if you will.
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And we're getting
ready to launch
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our next crews to the
moon for Artemis 2.
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- [Myrna] You can just
feel the excitement here.
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- That's right.
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We're standing right here
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on the base of the
mobile launcher.
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This 400 foot structure
is where we assembled
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the Artemis 1 launch vehicle,
the space launch system,
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and we launched SLS and Orion
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to the moon back in November.
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This huge structure is going
to be used for Artemis 2
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in launching our first crews
back to the moon since 1972.
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The day after the
Artemis 1 launch,
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I came out with a couple
of friends of mine
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and I could feel the crunch
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of the solid rocket booster
residue under my feet.
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And I looked up at the tower
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and I contemplated the
enormity of our accomplishment.
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- Artemis 2 is scheduled to
launch in November, 2024.
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It will introduce
a four person crew
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and focus on testing
human factors
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on the Orion spacecraft
around the moon.
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Think about that, that
will be the furthest
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humans have ever
been from Earth.
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Artemis 3 is planned
to take the next step
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of landing astronauts
on the moon,
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including the first woman
and person of color.
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To achieve the goals of Artemis,
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NASA is developing new
spacesuits, rovers, habitats,
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at the forefront of their
effort is the Orion spacecraft,
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the only vehicle designed
for deep space exploration.
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It looks a lot like
the Apollo capsule,
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but inside and out, it's
packed full of technology
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that makes it safer
and more capable
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than any of its predecessors.
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At Johnson Space Center,
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the Orion spacecraft
is a centerpiece
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of the first crewed
Artemis Mission.
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Artemis 2.
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Debbie, can you
introduce us to Orion?
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It's right here.
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- While we have a
suite of vehicles
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that can go to
International Space Station
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and do some lower
earth orbit activities.
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Orion's unique in that
it's the only spacecraft
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that can go to deep space.
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It's made up of three
main components.
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So what you're seeing behind
us here is the crew module.
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This is the only piece that
comes back after our missions,
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but there's actually
two other pieces
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that are very vital
to the spacecraft.
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There's the service module,
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which actually is attached to
the bottom of the crew module.
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It provides all of the power,
propulsion, propellants,
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most of the attitude maneuvers
that we do during a mission
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are done with the
service module.
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It's built by our
European partners
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across 10 different
countries in Europe.
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And then on top, when you
look at pictures of Orion,
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you'll see a tall,
pointy structure,
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that's called our
Launch Abort System.
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So that is designed primarily
for if there's an emergency,
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either before we launch,
while we're on the launchpad,
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or during that ascend phase.
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That launch abort system
actually takes this crew module
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with the crew inside and flies
it away from the emergency.
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So we get rid of the
launch abort system
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about two minutes into flight.
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So we know we don't need
it after that point,
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but it's very vital.
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- Orion is the cornerstone.
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So how does it fit into
the whole Artemis program?
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- In addition to the spacecraft,
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we have our space launch system,
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which is the big rocket
that we launch on.
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And we have some
ground system support
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coming out of the
Kennedy Space Center.
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And then there's
these other elements
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that come into Artemis as we fly
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these different more
complex missions.
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Starting with Artemis 2,
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we fly just the
crew on our vehicle.
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Artemis 3, we bring
in the lander.
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So that'll be the first
landing on the moon.
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Artemis 4, we expanded this
thing called a Gateway,
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and we actually put a
Gateway very similar
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to a small space station
in orbit around the moon.
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And so, we can actually have
more regular access to the moon
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and do lunar sorties
from that permanent base
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that would be around the moon.
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- When it's time for launch,
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NASA's Space Launch
System or SLS,
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is a super heavy
lift launch vehicle
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that serves as the basis
for human exploration
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beyond Earth's orbit.
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Towering 212 feet tall,
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SLS boasts unparalleled
power and capabilities,
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making it the sole rocket
capable of sending Orion,
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astronauts and cargo
directly to the moon
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in a single mission.
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Giavanna, what are
we looking at here?
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- We are looking at ICPS.
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ICPS is the Interim
Cryogenic Propulsion Stage.
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It's the second stage on
the Space Launch System.
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When you see it on the rocket,
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it just looks like one
big stage altogether.
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But as you can see here,
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it's actually broken up
into several components.
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You can see the
liquid oxygen tank,
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the liquid hydrogen
tank, and of course,
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those are the fuels that mix
together to ignite the engine.
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- It's amazing to
see this up close.
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So you're a rocket scientist,
how do you launch a rocket?
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- So to launch a rocket,
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there's a lot of
complicated parts
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that have to come together
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to work perfectly
to make it happen.
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So, we'll start with
them separately, have
the second stage,
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and once we're done
processing it here,
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it will integrate
with the first stage.
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We'll go out to the launchpad
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and every group has
to come together,
248
00:10:21,133 --> 00:10:23,466
work together to make it happen.
249
00:10:23,466 --> 00:10:25,400
- [Myrna] So we're
four stories up here
250
00:10:25,400 --> 00:10:27,766
and this rocket is
gonna be so heavy.
251
00:10:27,766 --> 00:10:29,233
How does it get off the ground?
252
00:10:29,233 --> 00:10:30,800
- So the way the rocket
gets off the ground
253
00:10:30,800 --> 00:10:32,233
is the engines on
the core stage.
254
00:10:32,233 --> 00:10:34,433
And once that launches,
255
00:10:34,433 --> 00:10:37,133
that's when ICPS gets
to take over in space
256
00:10:37,133 --> 00:10:39,000
to get Orion to the moon.
257
00:10:39,000 --> 00:10:41,533
So, ICPS has two engine burns.
258
00:10:41,533 --> 00:10:43,666
One, when it separates
from the core stage
259
00:10:43,666 --> 00:10:45,933
and another one
later on to get Orion
260
00:10:45,933 --> 00:10:48,400
into the higher earth orbit it
needs to make it to the moon.
261
00:10:48,400 --> 00:10:50,033
We have testing and processing
262
00:10:50,033 --> 00:10:52,400
that we need to complete
here in this facility.
263
00:10:52,400 --> 00:10:55,200
Once we're done, we will
hand it over to NASA
264
00:10:55,200 --> 00:10:57,400
and we will actually
go over there
265
00:10:57,400 --> 00:10:59,766
and collaborate with
them on their testing
266
00:10:59,766 --> 00:11:01,133
and even do some
testing there ourselves.
267
00:11:01,133 --> 00:11:03,133
So we work in
cooperation with them
268
00:11:03,133 --> 00:11:05,233
all the way up until launch.
269
00:11:05,233 --> 00:11:08,366
- You can't do anything on the
scale that NASA does things
270
00:11:08,366 --> 00:11:10,200
without the team
coming together.
271
00:11:10,200 --> 00:11:12,666
When I think of NASA, I
don't just think of NASA
272
00:11:12,666 --> 00:11:14,733
Kennedy Space Center,
Johnson Space Center,
273
00:11:14,733 --> 00:11:17,633
all the different centers,
I think of NASA contractors.
274
00:11:17,633 --> 00:11:20,900
We are NASA, all these
teams working together.
275
00:11:20,900 --> 00:11:23,833
ICPS here at Kennedy Space
Center, this is special.
276
00:11:23,833 --> 00:11:27,233
This represents the future
of human space flight,
277
00:11:27,233 --> 00:11:28,833
leaving low earth orbit.
278
00:11:29,933 --> 00:11:32,033
- The ultimate goal
is for people to live
279
00:11:32,033 --> 00:11:33,833
and work on the moon.
280
00:11:33,833 --> 00:11:36,766
So each Artemis mission
builds upon the last
281
00:11:36,766 --> 00:11:38,366
to help get us there.
282
00:11:38,366 --> 00:11:42,100
- The interesting thing about
working on human space flight,
283
00:11:42,100 --> 00:11:43,733
obviously there
are many aspects.
284
00:11:43,733 --> 00:11:46,533
There are pyrotechnics,
mechanisms, structures,
285
00:11:46,533 --> 00:11:48,766
things that we have to
consider about the vehicle.
286
00:11:48,766 --> 00:11:50,266
But when you put the crew
287
00:11:50,266 --> 00:11:52,166
and the human element
in the middle,
288
00:11:52,166 --> 00:11:55,566
you have to worry about the
level of vibration they may see.
289
00:11:55,566 --> 00:11:57,533
And also, how do they
interact with the vehicle?
290
00:11:57,533 --> 00:11:59,133
How do they control the vehicle?
291
00:11:59,133 --> 00:12:01,633
We give them displays to
monitor what's happening
292
00:12:01,633 --> 00:12:03,966
and we give them controls
that they can reach
293
00:12:03,966 --> 00:12:07,733
under the influence of both
vibration and acceleration
294
00:12:07,733 --> 00:12:10,300
that increases as
they go into space.
295
00:12:10,300 --> 00:12:12,700
- What kind of testing did
you do for a vibration?
296
00:12:12,700 --> 00:12:14,533
- In general, the philosophy is
297
00:12:14,533 --> 00:12:16,900
you want to go to the
limits on the ground
298
00:12:16,900 --> 00:12:20,466
so you know what happens if
you ever see that in flight.
299
00:12:20,466 --> 00:12:23,033
What I saw from
Artemis 1's data,
300
00:12:23,033 --> 00:12:24,900
we won't get anywhere
close to the levels
301
00:12:24,900 --> 00:12:27,366
where we're feeling
like that vibration
302
00:12:27,366 --> 00:12:28,966
is potentially injurious,
303
00:12:28,966 --> 00:12:31,933
and we will be able
to read those displays
304
00:12:31,933 --> 00:12:33,533
throughout all of the missions.
305
00:12:33,533 --> 00:12:36,766
You learn new things
anytime you go into space.
306
00:12:36,766 --> 00:12:38,766
Now we add crew
to the Artemis 2.
307
00:12:38,766 --> 00:12:41,000
Now we're gonna
understand how humans live
308
00:12:41,000 --> 00:12:42,800
in our vehicle and operate it.
309
00:12:45,633 --> 00:12:48,233
- So Artemis 2 is the
first crewed mission
310
00:12:48,233 --> 00:12:49,766
for the Artemis program.
311
00:12:49,766 --> 00:12:52,066
Is this what the astronauts
will see when they enter?
312
00:12:52,066 --> 00:12:53,666
- This is very much
what they would see
313
00:12:53,666 --> 00:12:55,100
as they come across that gantry,
314
00:12:55,100 --> 00:12:57,333
they're 300 and
something feet in the air
315
00:12:57,333 --> 00:12:58,700
at the top of the rocket.
316
00:12:58,700 --> 00:13:00,000
They'd be walking
across this gantry
317
00:13:00,000 --> 00:13:01,433
and this is what
they would approach
318
00:13:01,433 --> 00:13:02,966
as far as the crew module
319
00:13:02,966 --> 00:13:05,333
and mock up of the
launch abort system here.
320
00:13:05,333 --> 00:13:06,500
And that's what they
would go in to go inside.
321
00:13:06,500 --> 00:13:08,833
So let's go in.
322
00:13:08,833 --> 00:13:10,433
- This is amazing!
323
00:13:11,800 --> 00:13:14,833
So, Artemis 2, the astronauts
will be in here for 10 days.
324
00:13:14,833 --> 00:13:17,800
They'll do everything in
here, live, work, everything.
325
00:13:17,800 --> 00:13:18,933
- So on Artemis 2,
326
00:13:18,933 --> 00:13:20,466
one of the first
things that we're doing
327
00:13:20,466 --> 00:13:22,233
is checking out the
environmental control
328
00:13:22,233 --> 00:13:23,700
and life support system.
329
00:13:23,700 --> 00:13:26,233
So we did not fly that
full system on Artemis 1.
330
00:13:26,233 --> 00:13:27,433
So one thing we'll be doing
331
00:13:27,433 --> 00:13:28,800
the first couple of
orbits around the earth
332
00:13:28,800 --> 00:13:30,733
before we commit to
going to the moon,
333
00:13:30,733 --> 00:13:32,133
is we'll be testing out
334
00:13:32,133 --> 00:13:33,066
that environmental
control and life support,
335
00:13:33,066 --> 00:13:34,333
making sure it's all working
336
00:13:34,333 --> 00:13:36,133
exactly as we had
planned on earth.
337
00:13:36,133 --> 00:13:38,600
But this is where they
would actually practice
338
00:13:38,600 --> 00:13:40,466
the handling qualities
of the spacecraft.
339
00:13:40,466 --> 00:13:43,566
So in Artemis 3, Orion
has to dock to the lander.
340
00:13:43,566 --> 00:13:45,166
And so, before we do
that on Artemis 3,
341
00:13:45,166 --> 00:13:46,700
we wanna practice
those rendezvous
342
00:13:46,700 --> 00:13:48,633
and prox operations maneuvers.
343
00:13:48,633 --> 00:13:50,433
- So the astronauts
will be lying down.
344
00:13:50,433 --> 00:13:51,766
Can we check it out?
345
00:13:51,766 --> 00:13:52,600
- Yeah, absolutely.
346
00:13:52,600 --> 00:13:53,966
They'll be lying down,
347
00:13:53,966 --> 00:13:55,466
they'll be wearing their
launch and entry suits.
348
00:13:55,466 --> 00:13:57,300
And so, they would be
strapped into these seats
349
00:13:57,300 --> 00:13:58,500
and ready to go.
350
00:13:58,500 --> 00:13:59,900
So the commander
would be sitting here,
351
00:13:59,900 --> 00:14:01,333
the pilot would be sitting here,
352
00:14:01,333 --> 00:14:02,833
and behind me are
the crew displays.
353
00:14:02,833 --> 00:14:03,800
It's not a touch screen,
354
00:14:03,800 --> 00:14:05,266
they don't want a touch screen
355
00:14:05,266 --> 00:14:07,066
because of the proximity
of all the things going on.
356
00:14:07,066 --> 00:14:09,300
The only thing you really
see manual switches for
357
00:14:09,300 --> 00:14:11,500
are for off nominal events.
358
00:14:11,500 --> 00:14:13,166
If the crew had to, for example,
359
00:14:13,166 --> 00:14:15,466
throw the parachutes themselves.
360
00:14:15,466 --> 00:14:16,966
Those things are very
automated sequences,
361
00:14:16,966 --> 00:14:18,966
but there are some
things that the crew
362
00:14:18,966 --> 00:14:21,366
has manual switches for
in case of an emergency.
363
00:14:21,366 --> 00:14:23,800
You've got a rotational and a
translational hand controller.
364
00:14:23,800 --> 00:14:26,033
So that's how they
would fly the vehicle.
365
00:14:26,033 --> 00:14:28,066
And beautiful views
out your window above.
366
00:14:28,066 --> 00:14:30,433
- Being in here makes me
realize like, this is real.
367
00:14:30,433 --> 00:14:34,300
This is not a concept on
paper, we're already doing it.
368
00:14:34,300 --> 00:14:35,733
It's so exciting.
369
00:14:35,733 --> 00:14:40,666
And thank you so much for
showing me the inside of Orion.
370
00:14:44,566 --> 00:14:46,566
You're focusing on the people.
371
00:14:46,566 --> 00:14:47,500
- [Jacalyn] Yes.
372
00:14:47,500 --> 00:14:49,700
- And so, where are we here?
373
00:14:49,700 --> 00:14:53,366
- So we are in the
Orion Mission Simulator.
374
00:14:53,366 --> 00:14:57,400
This is one of a couple
of key training facilities
375
00:14:57,400 --> 00:15:00,533
that we'll use to train
the Orion crew members.
376
00:15:00,533 --> 00:15:03,300
So for Artemis 2, we'll
train the Artemis 2 crew,
377
00:15:03,300 --> 00:15:05,366
and for future missions,
378
00:15:05,366 --> 00:15:07,100
the launching and
flying in Orion
379
00:15:07,100 --> 00:15:09,433
piece of their training
will happen here.
380
00:15:09,433 --> 00:15:10,633
- So the astronauts are learning
381
00:15:10,633 --> 00:15:12,333
exactly what they'll
do when they're flying.
382
00:15:12,333 --> 00:15:14,333
So, of course, it
won't be the first time
383
00:15:14,333 --> 00:15:15,966
when they're there
that they've done it.
384
00:15:15,966 --> 00:15:18,066
- Our whole goal in training
385
00:15:18,066 --> 00:15:21,666
is to make sure that at the end
of everything they're doing,
386
00:15:21,666 --> 00:15:23,466
that they and the ground teams
387
00:15:23,466 --> 00:15:27,033
are prepared to fly the
mission successfully.
388
00:15:27,033 --> 00:15:28,566
- How did it feel
when you announced
389
00:15:28,566 --> 00:15:31,066
the first four astronauts?
390
00:15:31,066 --> 00:15:34,033
- So I was fortunate
enough to be in the room
391
00:15:34,033 --> 00:15:37,800
when they made that
announcement, and
it was incredible.
392
00:15:37,800 --> 00:15:41,733
They had almost everyone from
the astronaut office present,
393
00:15:41,733 --> 00:15:45,600
and to see those folks get
called out from that group,
394
00:15:45,600 --> 00:15:47,966
as those four walked
on stage, I thought,
395
00:15:47,966 --> 00:15:50,233
"Man, what an honor to
get to train these folks."
396
00:15:50,233 --> 00:15:54,266
- Ladies and gentlemen,
your Artemis 2 crew,
397
00:15:54,266 --> 00:15:56,566
Reid Wiseman, Victor Glover,
398
00:15:56,566 --> 00:15:59,733
Christina Hamma
Koch, Jeremy Hanson.
399
00:15:59,733 --> 00:16:03,166
(crowd cheering)
400
00:16:03,166 --> 00:16:06,366
- We are super excited to
have the Artemis 2 crew named
401
00:16:06,366 --> 00:16:08,466
because now we've been
doing all this development
402
00:16:08,466 --> 00:16:11,366
and we have had crew
members come over and help us.
403
00:16:11,366 --> 00:16:13,066
But now to have
the Artemis 2 crew
404
00:16:13,066 --> 00:16:14,900
be able to come and
put their stamp on it,
405
00:16:14,900 --> 00:16:16,800
and we'll be able to
get their feedback
406
00:16:16,800 --> 00:16:18,833
and help with that
is just, I think,
407
00:16:18,833 --> 00:16:21,200
super excited for all of us
that are working on Orion
408
00:16:21,200 --> 00:16:23,366
to actually see the
crew use the vehicle.
409
00:16:23,366 --> 00:16:25,533
With the Artemis program
venturing into deep space,
410
00:16:25,533 --> 00:16:26,833
that is one of the
biggest challenges
411
00:16:26,833 --> 00:16:28,533
is how we deal with radiation.
412
00:16:28,533 --> 00:16:29,800
And one of our biggest concerns
413
00:16:29,800 --> 00:16:31,600
is how that's gonna
affect the crew,
414
00:16:31,600 --> 00:16:33,700
not only with the
exterior of the vehicle,
415
00:16:33,700 --> 00:16:35,900
in our crew capsule,
in the crew module,
416
00:16:35,900 --> 00:16:38,833
we have the crew get into
two of our stowage bays
417
00:16:38,833 --> 00:16:40,633
that act as a radiation shelter.
418
00:16:40,633 --> 00:16:41,933
And that's how we
protect the crew.
419
00:16:41,933 --> 00:16:44,733
It's not just another
autonomous spacecraft,
420
00:16:44,733 --> 00:16:46,933
it's not just another rover,
421
00:16:46,933 --> 00:16:49,733
it's actually a spacecraft
with human beings on it.
422
00:16:49,733 --> 00:16:52,366
And so, every day
we do our design
423
00:16:52,366 --> 00:16:55,933
and we think about Reid and
Victor and Christina and Jeremy,
424
00:16:55,933 --> 00:16:58,100
and how are we taking
care of them personally
425
00:16:58,100 --> 00:17:00,833
to make sure that they come
back to their families.
426
00:17:01,900 --> 00:17:04,333
- Instead of talking
in an ambiguous,
427
00:17:04,333 --> 00:17:07,033
well, the crew will
someday need this training
428
00:17:07,033 --> 00:17:09,333
to have actual names and faces,
429
00:17:09,333 --> 00:17:12,033
it just makes it so much
more exciting and real
430
00:17:12,033 --> 00:17:14,733
to anticipate getting
into the classroom
431
00:17:14,733 --> 00:17:18,166
or the simulator or
the mockup with them
432
00:17:18,166 --> 00:17:20,633
and get them started
on this journey.
433
00:17:20,633 --> 00:17:22,433
- What's gonna be
different about this?
434
00:17:22,433 --> 00:17:24,066
There's so much innovation.
435
00:17:24,066 --> 00:17:26,433
- A lot of things have
changed in 50 years
436
00:17:26,433 --> 00:17:29,300
in terms of both what
we know about the moon,
437
00:17:29,300 --> 00:17:31,833
what our experiences
were on Apollo,
438
00:17:31,833 --> 00:17:34,633
and in terms of technology and
what we have the capability
439
00:17:34,633 --> 00:17:37,266
to bring with us and
equip the crew with.
440
00:17:37,266 --> 00:17:41,500
So, we will have new
lunar space suits.
441
00:17:41,500 --> 00:17:46,566
We will have very different
innovative types of landers.
442
00:17:47,666 --> 00:17:48,966
The types of tools
and experiments
443
00:17:48,966 --> 00:17:50,533
that we may have on
the lunar surface
444
00:17:50,533 --> 00:17:52,000
are all going to be informed
445
00:17:52,000 --> 00:17:55,500
by the science that's
been done since Apollo.
446
00:17:55,500 --> 00:17:57,766
- Establishing a permanent
presence on the moon
447
00:17:57,766 --> 00:18:00,166
requires developing
new technologies
448
00:18:00,166 --> 00:18:03,133
to provide the everyday things
we take for granted on earth,
449
00:18:03,133 --> 00:18:05,066
like water and electricity.
450
00:18:06,566 --> 00:18:10,366
So we've only explored a
very small amount of the moon
451
00:18:10,366 --> 00:18:12,400
and now we're going
back to the South Pole.
452
00:18:12,400 --> 00:18:13,733
What can we learn?
453
00:18:13,733 --> 00:18:17,100
- The Apollo missions
were able to explore
454
00:18:17,100 --> 00:18:19,566
roughly the equatorial regions,
455
00:18:19,566 --> 00:18:22,033
which would equate to about
the continent of Africa.
456
00:18:22,033 --> 00:18:23,933
And we know how diverse that is.
457
00:18:23,933 --> 00:18:26,266
Now, if you compare
it to the earth,
458
00:18:26,266 --> 00:18:29,600
the rest of the moon is
the rest of the earth.
459
00:18:29,600 --> 00:18:32,566
So we've only explored
one of seven continents
460
00:18:32,566 --> 00:18:36,100
and the remainder of the
surface area covered of water.
461
00:18:36,100 --> 00:18:39,666
So we have a huge amount
of the surface of the moon
462
00:18:39,666 --> 00:18:41,166
that's left unexplored.
463
00:18:41,166 --> 00:18:42,733
In there, you've got craters,
464
00:18:42,733 --> 00:18:44,766
which could be hiding water ice.
465
00:18:44,766 --> 00:18:46,166
There could be other resources
466
00:18:46,166 --> 00:18:48,033
from all the different impacts
467
00:18:48,033 --> 00:18:50,100
that are the craters
and the puck marks
468
00:18:50,100 --> 00:18:52,733
we lovingly look at at
the moon each night.
469
00:18:52,733 --> 00:18:55,166
- So we're going back
to the moon to stay.
470
00:18:55,166 --> 00:18:56,933
What kind of
architecture is needed?
471
00:18:56,933 --> 00:18:58,466
There's nothing there.
472
00:18:58,466 --> 00:19:01,766
- Imagine if you've ever been
camping or backpacking, right?
473
00:19:01,766 --> 00:19:05,266
We take for granted that, yes,
I'm carrying things with me,
474
00:19:05,266 --> 00:19:07,366
but on the surface of the moon,
475
00:19:07,366 --> 00:19:09,866
everything that I need,
I have to take with me.
476
00:19:09,866 --> 00:19:14,366
I need my air to breathe, I
need my food, I need my water.
477
00:19:14,366 --> 00:19:17,800
And so, to think of it as
the ultimate camping trip.
478
00:19:17,800 --> 00:19:19,800
In-Situ Resource Utilization,
479
00:19:19,800 --> 00:19:23,933
which basically means we're
using the resources that we find
480
00:19:23,933 --> 00:19:25,833
in the sites that
we're exploring,
481
00:19:25,833 --> 00:19:28,066
is very critical to
our future plans.
482
00:19:28,066 --> 00:19:30,000
We've gotta be able
to know what's there
483
00:19:30,000 --> 00:19:31,766
and how we can utilize it best.
484
00:19:31,766 --> 00:19:34,433
And that reduces how much
we need back from Earth.
485
00:19:34,433 --> 00:19:37,500
And so, that includes
water from water ice,
486
00:19:37,500 --> 00:19:40,300
it includes propellants
that we can create
487
00:19:40,300 --> 00:19:42,566
from breaking down
that water ice,
488
00:19:42,566 --> 00:19:46,900
and also oxygen that we need
to sustain life as we know it.
489
00:19:46,900 --> 00:19:48,100
If we can dream it.
490
00:19:48,100 --> 00:19:49,700
My job is to make sure
the architecture's
491
00:19:49,700 --> 00:19:51,400
enabled to allow us to do it.
492
00:19:51,400 --> 00:19:54,966
So if it's science or if
it's a town or a colony,
493
00:19:54,966 --> 00:19:56,466
as long as we have the will
494
00:19:56,466 --> 00:19:58,833
and the backing that we're
able to accomplish that.
495
00:19:58,833 --> 00:20:00,366
- With anything this complex,
496
00:20:00,366 --> 00:20:03,566
it takes so much international
collaboration to get it done.
497
00:20:03,566 --> 00:20:07,133
- With complex projects,
collaboration is key.
498
00:20:07,133 --> 00:20:10,566
One of the cornerstones of
our Moon to Mars program
499
00:20:10,566 --> 00:20:13,233
and the Artemis
program in particular
500
00:20:13,233 --> 00:20:15,266
is the international
collaboration
501
00:20:15,266 --> 00:20:17,200
and commercial partnerships.
502
00:20:17,200 --> 00:20:20,500
The Gateway program will soon
to be planned for lunar orbit.
503
00:20:20,500 --> 00:20:24,600
Also has contributions from
various international partners.
504
00:20:24,600 --> 00:20:27,966
We're seeing a lot of
interest globally along this.
505
00:20:29,333 --> 00:20:32,833
- The Orion spacecraft will
take humans back to the moon,
506
00:20:32,833 --> 00:20:35,466
but getting to the moon is
only half the challenge.
507
00:20:35,466 --> 00:20:38,833
The Gateway is an important
part of the Artemis plan.
508
00:20:38,833 --> 00:20:40,400
It'll offer the necessary aid
509
00:20:40,400 --> 00:20:42,533
for extended human
missions on the moon
510
00:20:42,533 --> 00:20:46,166
and act as a starting point
for missions deeper into space.
511
00:20:46,166 --> 00:20:48,033
The Gateway orbits
around the moon,
512
00:20:48,033 --> 00:20:49,866
and it can also
reposition itself
513
00:20:49,866 --> 00:20:52,766
with the most powerful
electric propulsion system
514
00:20:52,766 --> 00:20:54,633
ever used in space.
515
00:20:54,633 --> 00:20:57,233
We're here at the
Structures lab of Maxar,
516
00:20:57,233 --> 00:20:58,933
where they're
working on the PPE,
517
00:20:58,933 --> 00:21:02,366
the Power and Propulsion
Element for Gateway,
518
00:21:02,366 --> 00:21:03,733
part of Artemis.
519
00:21:03,733 --> 00:21:05,533
So, Aditi, tell me about this.
520
00:21:05,766 --> 00:21:07,000
- Let's start with the Gateway.
521
00:21:07,000 --> 00:21:08,233
What is Gateway?
522
00:21:08,233 --> 00:21:11,100
Gateway is part of the
overall Artemis mission,
523
00:21:11,100 --> 00:21:15,000
and this is humanity's chance
of going back to the moon
524
00:21:15,000 --> 00:21:17,300
and this time staying longer.
525
00:21:17,300 --> 00:21:20,400
This is one step
before going to Mars.
526
00:21:20,400 --> 00:21:24,500
So Gateway is a formulation of
a lot of different spacecraft
527
00:21:24,500 --> 00:21:26,300
that have different functions
528
00:21:26,300 --> 00:21:29,400
that will come and
attach to each other
529
00:21:29,400 --> 00:21:33,000
and form a big configuration,
just like the ISS.
530
00:21:33,000 --> 00:21:35,733
Except, now we are going
all the way to the moon.
531
00:21:35,733 --> 00:21:37,400
- So how does this tie in?
532
00:21:37,400 --> 00:21:41,333
- So, now we go down
from Gateway to PPE.
533
00:21:41,333 --> 00:21:42,600
What is PPE?
534
00:21:42,600 --> 00:21:44,966
So the PPE is the Power
and Propulsion Element
535
00:21:44,966 --> 00:21:46,633
of the Gateway.
536
00:21:46,633 --> 00:21:49,733
We are providing power
and propulsion to
the entire Gateway.
537
00:21:49,733 --> 00:21:52,966
So we have thrusters that
provide the propulsion
538
00:21:52,966 --> 00:21:54,233
and the altitude control.
539
00:21:54,233 --> 00:21:58,200
And then we have power
through the large ROSA,
540
00:21:58,200 --> 00:22:00,166
which are the
rollout solar arrays.
541
00:22:00,166 --> 00:22:03,666
They are the highest
capacity that Maxar
542
00:22:03,666 --> 00:22:04,966
has ever flown before.
543
00:22:04,966 --> 00:22:06,866
It's also the control element.
544
00:22:06,866 --> 00:22:09,600
So with all the
sensors, actuators,
545
00:22:09,600 --> 00:22:11,000
and the propulsion system,
546
00:22:11,000 --> 00:22:15,066
PPE is the main control
element for the entire Gateway.
547
00:22:15,066 --> 00:22:17,666
- So, Aditi, this doesn't really
look like a spacecraft yet.
548
00:22:17,666 --> 00:22:19,300
How's it gonna get built?
549
00:22:19,300 --> 00:22:21,166
- Let's start with
what we're looking at.
550
00:22:21,166 --> 00:22:23,866
This is the core
structure of the PPE.
551
00:22:25,233 --> 00:22:28,300
This is the most integral
part of our spacecraft.
552
00:22:28,300 --> 00:22:30,266
This is what holds
everything together.
553
00:22:30,266 --> 00:22:34,033
The holes that you see are
the inserts for panels.
554
00:22:34,933 --> 00:22:36,966
We'll talk about panels later,
555
00:22:36,966 --> 00:22:39,766
but that's where all
the panels that go on.
556
00:22:39,766 --> 00:22:42,366
The panels are essentially
where all the equipment
557
00:22:42,366 --> 00:22:44,300
that goes on the spacecraft sit.
558
00:22:45,400 --> 00:22:46,633
- [Myrna] So it's
called the Gateway.
559
00:22:46,633 --> 00:22:48,466
It's made up of so many
different components.
560
00:22:48,466 --> 00:22:49,433
- That's right.
561
00:22:49,433 --> 00:22:50,700
There are electrical components,
562
00:22:50,700 --> 00:22:52,366
there are components that move
563
00:22:52,366 --> 00:22:54,200
and there are structural panels,
564
00:22:54,200 --> 00:22:55,433
some of which we have over here.
565
00:22:55,433 --> 00:22:57,566
If you've ever seen
a rocket launch,
566
00:22:57,566 --> 00:23:00,433
you can see how the rocket
shakes very violently.
567
00:23:00,433 --> 00:23:01,933
So you may ask yourself,
568
00:23:01,933 --> 00:23:03,866
what keeps the spacecraft
from falling apart?
569
00:23:03,866 --> 00:23:05,433
It's because of the
structure panels.
570
00:23:05,433 --> 00:23:09,900
The structure panels help the
spacecraft survive the launch.
571
00:23:09,900 --> 00:23:12,666
- There's other space
stations that have been built.
572
00:23:12,666 --> 00:23:14,166
What makes this one different?
573
00:23:14,166 --> 00:23:16,600
- Space stations that are
currently on orbit now,
574
00:23:16,600 --> 00:23:19,033
they're close to the earth.
575
00:23:19,033 --> 00:23:21,966
Lunar Gateway is going
to be out at the moon.
576
00:23:21,966 --> 00:23:23,966
When you start talking
about going to the moon,
577
00:23:23,966 --> 00:23:26,233
you have wider
temperature extremes,
578
00:23:26,233 --> 00:23:28,866
gets really hot, gets
really cold out there,
579
00:23:28,866 --> 00:23:31,100
and you have a different
radiation environment.
580
00:23:31,100 --> 00:23:33,433
How do you keep
the equipment safe?
581
00:23:33,433 --> 00:23:35,800
And ultimately, how do you
keep the astronauts safe
582
00:23:35,800 --> 00:23:36,733
in that environment?
583
00:23:36,733 --> 00:23:38,066
Those are the unique challenges
584
00:23:38,066 --> 00:23:39,800
that the Gateway
program is solving.
585
00:23:39,800 --> 00:23:43,333
It is a place where science
discoveries take place.
586
00:23:43,333 --> 00:23:46,866
It's a stopping point between
the earth and the moon.
587
00:23:46,866 --> 00:23:48,466
We're going back to the moon
588
00:23:48,466 --> 00:23:50,933
and Gateway is
just the beginning
589
00:23:50,933 --> 00:23:54,666
of this great space exploration
adventure that we're on.
590
00:23:56,900 --> 00:23:58,366
- Other elements of the program
591
00:23:58,366 --> 00:24:01,800
includes a Human Landing System
and the Artemis Base Camp.
592
00:24:01,800 --> 00:24:04,633
The Human Landing
System or Lunar Lander
593
00:24:04,633 --> 00:24:06,500
is charged with
transporting astronauts
594
00:24:06,500 --> 00:24:09,333
between the Gateway and
the surface of the moon.
595
00:24:09,333 --> 00:24:12,300
The Artemis Base Camp is
a home base on the moon
596
00:24:12,300 --> 00:24:13,700
where astronauts will live
597
00:24:13,700 --> 00:24:15,800
when they're studying
the lunar surface.
598
00:24:16,900 --> 00:24:19,000
The Artemis program
is in its early stages
599
00:24:19,000 --> 00:24:21,333
with missions planned
through Artemis 5,
600
00:24:21,333 --> 00:24:24,166
and additional missions
are being proposed.
601
00:24:25,633 --> 00:24:28,366
The goal here is
sending a crew to Mars.
602
00:24:28,366 --> 00:24:29,966
We have a lot more to learn,
603
00:24:29,966 --> 00:24:31,966
but it's possible that
some of the first people
604
00:24:31,966 --> 00:24:34,400
to go to Mars are alive today.
605
00:24:36,266 --> 00:24:38,666
- There's a lot at
stake for all of us.
606
00:24:38,666 --> 00:24:41,466
Just because I am
working on this program,
607
00:24:41,466 --> 00:24:43,466
it doesn't mean it's
important to me.
608
00:24:43,466 --> 00:24:46,033
I think each and every
person on this planet
609
00:24:46,033 --> 00:24:48,200
can feel that
they're part of this.
610
00:24:48,200 --> 00:24:49,133
This is gonna change space.
611
00:24:49,133 --> 00:24:50,866
This is gonna change technology.
612
00:24:50,866 --> 00:24:52,300
This is gonna
change engineering.
613
00:24:52,300 --> 00:24:54,900
This is gonna change how
we look at everything.
614
00:24:54,900 --> 00:24:56,800
- Why is space
exploration important?
615
00:24:56,800 --> 00:24:59,166
- Space is important
because it invigorates
616
00:24:59,166 --> 00:25:01,000
the imagination of everyone.
617
00:25:01,000 --> 00:25:02,666
It's a sense of adventure.
618
00:25:02,666 --> 00:25:03,766
What's around the next bend?
619
00:25:03,766 --> 00:25:04,800
What's over the next hill?
620
00:25:04,800 --> 00:25:06,866
Space is the next hill.
621
00:25:06,866 --> 00:25:09,366
People around the world,
no matter where they are,
622
00:25:09,366 --> 00:25:10,833
no matter what they're doing,
623
00:25:10,833 --> 00:25:14,200
look up at the sky and they
can wonder what is that?
624
00:25:14,200 --> 00:25:16,700
And space exploration
answers those questions.
625
00:25:17,633 --> 00:25:20,466
- Its gonna be so exciting
to look at the moon
626
00:25:20,466 --> 00:25:23,100
and say that there's another
human on that planet.
627
00:25:23,100 --> 00:25:24,966
And I helped build
the spacecraft
628
00:25:24,966 --> 00:25:26,866
that got humans
to another planet,
629
00:25:26,866 --> 00:25:29,233
and that is just keeping
me going every day.
630
00:25:29,233 --> 00:25:30,866
- Each of these is
a building block
631
00:25:30,866 --> 00:25:33,233
for the sustained lunar economy
632
00:25:33,233 --> 00:25:35,900
and then eventually a
stepping stone to Mars.
633
00:25:37,233 --> 00:25:40,033
- There's an immense amount
of science to be learned
634
00:25:40,033 --> 00:25:43,033
in exploring the lunar
vicinity and the lunar surface
635
00:25:43,033 --> 00:25:46,200
in a much more vast area
than we did on Apollo.
636
00:25:46,200 --> 00:25:49,166
We're born to explore, and this
is exactly what we're doing.
637
00:25:49,166 --> 00:25:51,800
- With Apollo, the
U.S. inspired the world
638
00:25:51,800 --> 00:25:53,733
by the feat that
we accomplished.
639
00:25:53,733 --> 00:25:56,100
With Artemis, we are
inspiring the world
640
00:25:56,100 --> 00:25:59,233
to come with us to
explore the moon again.
641
00:25:59,233 --> 00:26:01,033
- As far as space
travel has come,
642
00:26:01,033 --> 00:26:03,366
there are still great
distances to go.
643
00:26:03,366 --> 00:26:04,866
Here at Wings Over The Rockies,
644
00:26:04,866 --> 00:26:07,633
we're always diving into the
magic of the solar system
645
00:26:07,633 --> 00:26:09,533
and the mysteries of deep space.
646
00:26:09,533 --> 00:26:12,233
We'll see you next time
on "Behind The Wings".
647
00:26:12,233 --> 00:26:14,900
(upbeat music)
648
00:26:22,300 --> 00:26:25,800
(upbeat music continues)
649
00:26:32,133 --> 00:26:35,633
(upbeat music continues)
51795
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