All language subtitles for How the Universe Works - 6X09 War on Asteroids

We saw the movie, a huge asteroid headed towards the ground

Collides with the atmosphere and hits the surface

To send a huge fireball, and a lethal shock wave

The earth groaned and grew

But this is not one of those films
It's about how to repel the earth and its humans

To end the disaster of the end

Ways of working the universe

Planet Earth

The cradle of life, floating gracefully through space

Or so we believe

Our planet may be the harshest part of the universe

Think about the natural disasters that have happened to mankind

Earthquakes, volcanoes, hurricanes and the like

We can not stop it

But the asteroid, that's a disaster
A huge natural we can prevent

When people hear the word asteroid, the first thing they can think about
Those fantasy films about the dangerous asteroids that hit us

The story of the extinction of dinosaurs

Of course there are some dangerous asteroids

When it comes to searching for asteroids
And defending the earth, the scientists are the heroes strongly

Across the world, Hama teams are looking
Planet on ways to prevent disaster

... sweep the sky

They do accounts

... design technology

They make plans to confirm that extinction
The planet of space is nothing more than a science fiction

If you want to face a discount
You need to know a lot about him to defeat him

Its size, its strength, its composition, and how it moves
Know the same about asteroids if we want to defeat them

To better understand this discount

Cathy Plesco of the Los Lab
National Alamos travel to Arizona

Fifty thousand years ago, this was a point
Collision behind a nozzle at a depth of 550 feet

This meteorite nozzle

It's amazing to stand on the edge of a nozzle
Like this, I see the magnitude of something so great

I feel small and try to understand the amount of energy
Necessary to cut that huge amount of rock

The meteor that blew the nozzle hit a hydrogen bomb

But the rock was space
Only thirty feet wide

The meteor nozzle helps to understand how you do
Speed converts a small shell into a killer

The asteroid came at 27,000 miles an hour

It's ten times faster
The shot from the gun

Hit the surface and burst

The blast broke the nozzle

The collision transformed the surrounding hard rock
To dust, and sent a huge shock wave out

The winds here are stormy but do not compare
Shock wave impact

Soon he would see winds approaching thousands
Mileage per hour when the shock wave came

Scientists concluded that there
A 20% chance of such a crash on Earth every century

If an asteroid had hit us like this today, it would have taken a city

But Keithy's research helps us strengthen our defenses

We believe there are various ways to prevent
An asteroid from impact to Earth

My colleagues and I are in "Los
Alamos, Livermore and other places

We use computer models on computers
Super high precision simulators

To tell us good ideas or not
And we can present them to decision-makers

Here's what we might do in comparison
With what Bruce Willis could do

The most powerful weapon in our defense arsenal is the nuclear bomb

Exploding an asteroid in that way has its disadvantages

He risks landing the earth with hundreds of smaller meteorites

"But the Kathy team works
On plans to avoid that risk

In return, they use weapons
To change the course of the asteroid

One thing I'm studying is nuclear drift

In some cases and in the near future may be
There is a possibility that we need to repel a huge body on our way

Those things, if they were huge, were lost
We need to use a nuclear weapon to do that

We might launch a nuclear weapon and detonate it
Above the surface of the body to change its speed slightly

Exploding a nuclear weapon near an asteroid
A part of its surface evaporates and its path changes

But the bombing of a nuclear weapon in space is not the first option

There are some advantages and disadvantages of using nuclear deflection

There are some situations where those are
Appropriate technology is the only option at the time

But we hope the future will have other means
At our disposal is not difficult diplomatically or politically

Scientists race to find a way to change course
Asteroid without the use of nuclear weapons

We discover more and more about asteroids and understand them

We recognize the existence of ways to mitigate the
The destructive effects of their impact on the ground

This may be the most important attempt
Scientific research carried out by humans

The best way to stop the asteroid disaster
To get rid of them before they become a threat

Our solar system is dangerous

Quick asteroids rush through space

And many of those rocks are blocking our way

To resist asteroid threat
Scientists plot battle plans

The first step to understanding this danger
His prevention is to look for

, Is not the great that may destroy our civilization
But small that may destroy your city

At the top of the mountains in
"Catalina to clear the sky" in "Arizona"

The asteroid hunter Craig
Leonard "led research

We guard the world that night
With this telescope at the top of this mountain

Comparing four pictures of the same patch of sky
Which were picked up for twenty minutes

Craig can track asteroids
Hidden hidden between the stars

Because in those pictures do not
The stars move, but the asteroids

If he were a bright asteroid we would see points
Shiny light moves through the four images

You should try a lot before finding
One of them, this is the night situation as a whole night

Here we are, it is a real object

You can see it moving through the sky
Here from the bottom right to the top left

I'm thrilled to discover an asteroid tonight
Because it is an object that approaches very much in the vicinity of the earth

Craig's research reveals that this is a 100-percent asteroid
A foot may be approaching 630,000 miles from Earth

This is less than three times the distance to the moon

In the future, this orbit may be approaching
Asteroid from the ground up to a collision course

If that happens we must prepare for it

Whenever we spotted it earlier in the day
We have a better chance of changing course

The space is very roomy and the earth is tiny

Even if we spotted the asteroid from afar

We changed its course slightly and poke slightly and corrected
The path is slight when it reaches the position of the land of Vetilavana completely

To do this, we change the asteroids off track

Imagine the game of golf, changing course
The ball with one degree completely loses the target

Measure it on asteroids

Over time, you can leave
Asteroids are embedded in the asteroid belt

To become dangerous objects near the ground at a distance
Thirty million miles may hit our planet one day

But if the planet's protectors could change
The path of the body is dangerous by ten degrees

You will completely avoid the earth

Scientists have devised a direct way to do this

In the game of football, if the defenders saw the back
The rear is going towards the finish line, so what are they doing?

They collide with him and push him off the pitch and drop him

This is what we want to do with asteroids

If we send something moving toward the asteroid quickly
, Great for colliding with it, we call it locomotive locomotive

He hits him hard, and does not change speed
Asteroid, but also its path

Scientists have already intercepted
Earth-like objects resembling asteroids

2005

The Deep Impact vehicle arrived at
"Temple-1", guilty of the size of half of "Manhattan"

The vehicle launched a probe
Small on the comet like the shell

"I ran into" Temple-1
Like a shell to explode material from the surface

The search continues in the motor crashes

"In 2022, a vehicle called DART will collide
The asteroid speeds at about 13,000 miles per hour

Transmission of that driving force
It will change the speed of the asteroid slightly

Maybe part of the mile per hour

But over the course of a decade, this change in speed, even though I said it will work
To change its position significantly enough to avoid the Earth altogether

Collision with a huge space rock
Changing its path may seem unusual

But astronomers have found it very much in space

If there was traffic congestion on a highway and lots more
From changing the lanes, collisions will occur sooner or later

This happens in our solar system as well

The asteroid belt is very busy

Asteroids hit each other at relative speeds of several
Miles per second, and when that happens sparks fly

If we start with two asteroids and collide
Suddenly they produce ten asteroids

The ten will collide again to produce a hundred asteroids

These asteroids will hit each other to produce thousands
And millions and billions of potential landslides

But that war is not just a game of numbers
Because asteroids do not all consist of the same substance

We will need different weapons for each type

Across the world, the protectors develop the planet arts
Battles to protect us from a large asteroid collision

But there are millions of asteroids in the system
Each of which represents a danger of some kind

Its speed, size and travel is about
Earth helps determine the degree of danger

Our words increased our understanding of the asteroid
They prepare us better so we can defeat it

It is the issue of knowing the enemy

We need to know something about those properties
So that we can keep the danger away from our course

But scientists realize that the installation
The asteroid may be the deadliest factor

Knowing the asteroid's structure helps us
Looking for weakness in her armor

Marina Prasovic "from the Center for the Study of Artes near"
The Earth uses a technique that evolved during World War II

Radar

Planetary radars are much like radar

The airport radar is also tracking
Aircraft we are tracking asteroids

Hundreds of thousands away
Perhaps millions of kilometers

Radars also tell us
Also how does this asteroid look like

We want to know its size, shape and chemical composition

Considering the details we see
On the surface and lack of vehicle transmission

This can not be achieved
Our space mission

Radar shows that asteroids may be composed
Of rocks or minerals or a combination of them

This is important information to calculate how we deal with it

Metal asteroids are much denser
Of the usual rock asteroids

Collisions from a large iron asteroid could generate energy
Much more than a rocky asteroid just the same size

It also caused the metal shell
More damage than a rock of the same size

The asteroids may be mineral
More deadly than the rock asteroids

Scientists have now discovered that most asteroids are less similar
With metal shells and much like the cosmic shots

Most asteroids are not bodies
One compact but clusters of gravel

It consists of many smaller rocks
Blocks and granules and parts of the sand

All of them attach gravity to each other without tightening

Asteroid asteroids such as "Itkawa" in the form of a bead
The beans may have originated from violent collisions between asteroids

At first, the rocky relics were scattered
Of those collisions such as shrapnel

Then the gravity that controls some
The rocks bind them together again without tightening

The composition of asteroid asteroids represents
A great challenge for the protectors of our planet

How can the champions of science
They save us from a heap of stones?

If the body is a solid block of metal it will respond to the collision or
The explosion is quite different from if it were piles of gravel

They are linked to each other without gravity

They are very fragile bodies and need special considerations

We can not necessarily collide with them

Collision with asteroid asteroids
It is like smashing a pile of leaves

Thousands of smaller rocks will be pushed in every direction

They can not be monitored or predicted and may continue to rush us

But we have a plan

Instead of using brute force
We can use a slight gravity lift

Instead of this obnoxious approach to beating him away
Just, we need something more careful and more precise

Here is where the gravity locomotive comes

The piles may be rocks
Small but attractive

If we send a probe that has a ton mass, for example, it will be
It also has an attraction, not great, but it is present

If we approached the asteroid, we could use gravity
Mutual, attraction between them, to pull the asteroid into a safe orbit

All we need to stop is a vehicle
Next to the asteroid and hover over there

We do not let the gravity of the asteroid and the vehicle entice each other

And let the gravity of the vehicle work
As a rope to pull the asteroid out of orbit

That may sound like a science fiction, though
That physics is simple and we can do it

But the gravity locomotive works only if
We followed the movement of those asteroids accurately

The problem is a giant agent
Complex in the middle of our solar system

the sun

Planet protectors want to stop the disaster of the end

Their mission is to protect the land from collisions
Asteroids that seem inevitable

But to do so they have to predict all their steps

In a constantly changing solar system, this is not easy

We measure their orbits and we can draw
Maps of their orbits as we see them today

, But we know that it is not a fixed group, but a moving one
Things change constantly in the asteroid belt

The order of asteroids is not just about size, it is necessary
Understand the density, orbit and speed so we deal with it

The collisions may work
Asteroid reducts in new orbits

But there is another influential factor, gravity
The giant gushing buyer

Jupiter is the largest object in the solar system

And sits outside the asteroid belt

His attractiveness can attract those asteroids
And make their orbits more oval

To send them towards the sun passing through the Earth's orbit

Simulate buyer effect on millions
Asteroids are very difficult

Now add some effect
The biggest crash in the asteroid belt

Three hundred miles of rocks
"Such as" Vista "and" Palace

The difficult task becomes almost impossible

But gravity is not by force
The only ones that make chaos orbits

This asteroid "Pino", there is a chance
In 2700 the earth was shocked

But the Pino orbit is constantly changing

In the last 18 years, sharp
He traversed more than a hundred miles

The sun may be the culprit

What can change the orbit of an asteroid?

It's easy to imagine that those huge rocks
Some of which are adjacent to some of them attractively

But it has the strongest effect
Because of something as slight as sunlight?

Their impact may be very slight

But the sunlight on our bodies makes a slight pressure

The fact that one of your sides is warmer
From the other is like a push you may move

Sunlight consists of bundles
A small energy called photons

When the photons collide with the asteroid, they are transported
Very little driving force and heat

Imagine this situation here

Here is our asteroid

It may actually be offered
Ten miles or miles or the like

Here is our asteroid, and here is the sun

The asteroid rotates around the sun that way

This face is heated by
Asteroid by heat from the sun

Here is the rear facing face
The emptiness of cold space is cooler

I really feel it with my own hands

The warm face that draws the light from the sun restores
Distribute that temperature in the infrared spectral segment

All this radiated infrared radiation from
The side of the asteroid acts as a rocket engine in some way

He drives the asteroid

This is known for the influence of Yarkovski

It is a slow process

The asteroid pays with equal force
Weight a few grapes on the ground

"But when it turns" Pino
Around the sun it warms one of its sides

What he pays for a different orbit

Effect of Yarkovski problem

If gravity alone affects those asteroids
To predict the location of all asteroids and planets

We were able to figure out the path of those
Asteroids for many years to come

But this is changing with the influence of Yarkovski
In a way that makes it difficult to predict

It depends on how opaque
The asteroid, though it revolves and its shape

It makes the orbit of the asteroid difficult
Predicting the distant future

The effect of Yarkovski makes anticipation movement
Asteroids like Pino are more difficult

But the protectors of our planet are adept

They try to use the effect of Yarkovski
To make a new weapon in their arsenal

We know that the effect of Yarkovski
The orbits of asteroids change a lot

It is an effect we can use
To move the asteroid ourselves

If we could change the way the sun warms up to the asteroid
Change its color or change its shape to heat in a specific way

We can change its orbit in that way

If scientists could send
Satellite to asteroid

It can use black or paint
White to increase or reduce the heating effect

"But at the University of Southern California

A team of scientists is working on a high-tech solution

They want superiority On Effect Yarkovski
" Using Laser Space he claims " De - Star

Imagine Our vision For the asteroid Heading Toward Earth

We can Use Laser Space Let's beat asteroid

We do By steaming Subject Surface Which
Turn over For gas Which Stretching Quickly

and this is Works As a sniper We can Use it
A girl asteroid to me a path More Secure Also

Laser Space station a weapon strong else For protection
Our planet Whose They fight Asteroids

It Join For locomotives gravity

And smashes Kinetics

And weapons Nuclear weapons in a Arsenal

But There is Problem big

all means Defense Before Asteroids
Which We mentioned it Enabled Technically

the problem Scary It Non Ready to me right Now

did not It is Time To stop Disaster End to me right Now

We achieved Lots From Progress Particularly in a
the years Few Past But did not We do it distance

But may blade For those Stage
Probably distance ten or five ten Year

But No You are afraid

I have Earth defense Built-in Can burn
Asteroids Before that Hit Until Surface

" Arizona "

The second From June Public 2016

a rock View five Feet Hurry up Toward Earth

Moving Quickly Similar Forty a thousand Mile in a the clock

While Hurry up above Headers They Illuminates The sky

in a the morning Early, burst Asteroid With a cover
Earth Quickly Override shot Venice Much

she was There a ball Fireworks Lit up
Rocks Red From Around us night

she was Shiny Including Enough To burn Machines " NASA " for photography On
Earth Which We were We use it to observe Balls Firework

It was asteroid On distance Seconds From
Collision It seemed Harm Great Inevitably

But did not Succeed asteroid in a Access For surface, Why?

we've got Mind natural against Shock
Asteroids Small On the least

And let me Indicate it to you

sound Air From Around us Thin
On that Repel Risk From The space

But Cover Air in a Reality he is
else Line defense Before Asteroids

Will be able to Hama Our planet in a day What
From Save us From Blows Asteroids

But Thus, We need Accreditation
... on System defense Earth Built-in

Atmosphere

We know Reality that Our cover Air Works As a shield Protective

Because Asteroids Come to me Earth Each day

Some of them Small, Some of them Larger Little

But What Happen or occur It when intervention Cover Air
Quickly High He shall Friction Burn them

despite that Layers Cover High Thin Except
It Extreme Density In comparison with With a smell The space

When Hurry up Asteroids Rocky Through Cover Air

The Friction And pressure Air Heated
For more From 3000 degrees F

whenever It was asteroid Great It took Burn it Time Longer

For For those Rocks Huge
may Be Effects big

If I was there a rock big Including
Enough No Burning Soon

We call it By ghosts Explosive, And when Drops Chehab Through
Cover It is Make Offer Cool We call it The ball Firework

in a February 2013

town " Chelyabinsk " in the " Russia " was exposed The ball Fireworks

When Launched a rock Space
View Steen ahead Through The sky

It was This asteroid Greatest From bus School

He went Quickly One ten Miles in a the second

Done Heat it up Strongly, And disintegration to me parts Small

Then Broken That Parts Cover Air

When Turned Each That energy Kinetics
For those the rock to me Light And heat They It exploded

shooting star " Chelyabinsk " is Greatest Body natural Done
See it Enters Cover Air For more From A hundred Public

burst above Surface Earth I commend ten
Miles Strongly Thirty bomb Nuclear weapons

Latest The explosion alpha And five hundred
infection, And damage Seven Thousands Building

If did not Exists Shield Protective For our cover
Air for you Results More Worse

Lie the problem that Cover will not Protect us but
From Asteroids Rocky And pile The ruins

Until Show A hundred Foot Approximately

There Thing The most dangerous Must be Put it down In mind

Asteroids Metal

If We were shocked Asteroid rocky or
Cumulative You will not Reach to me Earth

asteroid View A hundred Foot
Approximately Explodes in a The sky

If bumped into Us Asteroid metallic View A hundred Foot

You will not He warns us in a Place the first

I will crash With a layer Cover High
Then Hit Land distance a second

To happen An explosion Great
It is manufactured nozzle View Mile Approximately

Will settle Buildings Land And die Millions
By Wave Shock Which Spread

And fall down layer From the dust again On
Orbit Minutes Watches next

Penetrates asteroid Metal Cover Air

For difficulty that The Friction
And pressure Air Shredded Fully

He hits Land in a Explosion disastrous

may Be Asteroids Metal
Old Enemies Hama The Planet

But It is clear to have Earth For a defense Built-in else

We know that Quickie Hacked Cover Air And destroyed Dinosaurs

But Shows Search that Our planet Probably Save it

she was Dinosaurs Non Lucky Absolutely

Until If Hacked asteroid Our cover
Air No Still we've got Line defense

Not Installation asteroid Always What Make Difference

But Regards Command Sometimes Location His shock Your

The Hama Our planet Making Techniques
To change a path Asteroid disastrous

But Until Completed Their arsenal
I have Earth Methods in a Defense

one The things Sure that Quickie or Meteor It will shock us

Probably will not Happen or occur that Before Millions the years But Will happen

In This Today, What I will differentiate between that
is being Days Thrilling or Disaster International

Signed, Site, Site

Could you Some Areas Earth that Reduce
From Destruction The resulting About asteroid the killer

How do We know that?

Dinosaurs

Before 65 million Years

It was luck Dinosaurs Bad, It was
Their luck Thrilling Exterminate them Collision Asteroid

We thought With our knowledge Of the story complete

But show up Researchers An order Amazing

If Shocked asteroid Earth Then In minutes Just
I stayed Scouring Dinosaurs Earth Today

but how?

He did This the body By collision
" At Semi Island " Yucatan

Latest Waves Tsunami Giant Drowned USA North

But cast down Also Much From Sulfur in a Air

Down asteroid ZO Show
The six Miles in a The seas Shallow

Which She became bay Mexico Currently

He did By steaming Rocks Bekaa Sea Shelf Continental

dawn Collision Trillions Tons
From Gases to me Cover Air

To raise Change Climatically Karthia

Extinct seventy percent From all
Biology On Earth Including In which Dinosaurs

This Horrible Because he If Dart Earth
More Little At This occurs Collision

He would in a Ocean The deeper And why? Resulted
all That Rocks Frying And sulfur

Spins Our planet Quickly a thousand Mile in a the clock

Covering Oceans seventy percent From Surface Earth

Some Luckily, To collide destructive
Dinosaurs Water The deeper

No exist a place good On Earth Potentially a hit
Asteroid View five Miles, No exist a place good

There is Bekaa worst From Other

And semi Island " Yucatan " with this Destiny
From Sulfur she was worst a place Maybe

Movie It is Days Well

asteroid Which killing Dinosaurs allowed
Our - mammals - Domination On Earth

For good Luckily, Hit That Asteroids
Giant Once Each a few Millions Public

But Each 2000 General, get up a rock Size
Stadium a ball Foot Impacting Land

What Happen or occur When get up one That Asteroids
smaller Common By collision The ocean?

If You imagined Ocean Pacific, There is Line coastal Long

And therefore exist People Many susceptible At risk

most Surface Earth Oceans

Probability Contained that The asteroid Impacting The ocean

The question he is What Bezel gravity Tsunami Resulting?

He did Scientists Simulated What may Happen or occur If
hit Asteroid Various Areas in a Ocean

I studied Three Dimensions Various Species Compositions
And various Deep Ocean And various Angles Access

And we realized that Shelf Continental He saves us Already .

Shelf Continental Mass floor Under water
Stretch Approximate Fifty Miles Off the coast

When Hit Asteroid View
favorable Feet Deeply Ocean

The the sea Shallow Which Make it Shelf Continental
may Weakens Tsunami Before that Hits Land

sound that Ocean he have Our defense

For For depth Ocean, Believe that asteroid smaller
From Show 400 feet, and this is Large, will not it causes Danger Tsunami

No Do not Of concern as such We were We worry About him

This Section Shallow From water
Eases Which Wave Tsunami coming

So I have Our planet Mechanisms Defensive

And innovates Our scientists Plans To move confrontation to me Asteroids

No They need but Time

Can Science Astronomy rescue the world Because we are We watch
all Asteroids Which may Shocked Earth Days What

Though We found on her We can
avoid Event extermination Civilization

If It was we've got Time Warning We have
Feature Ability On Thinking Problem

Planning to her Building Technologies

Training On Technologies Required
A girl This asteroid About Our way

Time Our ally

We are not Ready To prevent Disaster End distance

But Take care Difference protection The Planet
the case We have Chance To fight

If You wanted knowledge worst Nightmares
Astronomers Will be Clash asteroid

it's a Command Personal

it's a Happen or occur Here On Earth

it's a challenge Our Therefore We want Prevent it

News Good We did On Cusp
that We can From A change Track

We are blade, We Go ahead ahead

The Planet flexible Too

Until If she was There Platoon Poor or
Person Weak The land As a whole Strong

Back To us we Humans that Be Our will
To discover And exploration And understand the system Solar system

Becomes Command Important when Think Asteroids

We Continuity Survey The sky And that
We remain Scientists Until We defend About Earth