All language subtitles for How the Universe Works - 4X08 Forces of Mass Construction

The scheme of the universe

Magnetism decree

Magnetic fields help stars ignite

They form whole galaxies

And the same force that makes magnetism

Is the adhesive that holds all the materials together

Without this cosmic sticker

There will be no stars or planets

Or human beings or light

"The Ways of the Universe"

"The forces of mass destruction"

, 27 December 2004

, While America was asleep
Shock wave of cosmic radiation

I rushed through space at the speed of light

He saw no one coming

The radiation hit the ground

To rip part of the upper atmosphere

It was the most amazing event we have ever seen

In modern astrophysics

The gift of energy is huge

Equivalent to annual output

For a quarter million sun-sized stars

But where did she come from?

Biggest flashpoint?

An outlet of a huge black hole?

It turned out to be a small star official

In the far side of Milky Way

Magnetic field stronger than anything

Scientists have seen it before

From a distance of fifty thousand years
Light, this small body

Only a few miles before he had a fit

She physically affected the earth

To understand how this little star has become a deadly weapon

We have to take magnetism

Magnets look simple

Either you snuggle or disobey

Maybe they were playing with magnets

And try to bring it closer

And she approached and clung to one another

Some attract

But if you reverse it, it will turn away

How can magnets attract and drive?

The amazing answer .. Light

It turns out that what is happening is there

Particles exchange between this
Magnet and that magnet

These particles are called photons

They are the same photons that make light

Photons are groups of energy monitored by our eyes

To see the world around us

And in the world of quantum quantum mechanics

Photons in the heart of magnetism

Submerged down to the subatomic level

We see atoms as nuclei

Surrounded by a cloud of electrons

Think about the composition of the atom

There is a positive charge of the nucleus

Electrons have a negative charge

They attract each other

To illustrate this attraction, quantum physicists

They assume that protons and electrons are subtracted

Short-term emissions from photons

The two different particles of the charge absorb light from each other

This attracts the particle to each other

This gravitational force is known as electromagnetism

The atoms were not sticking to each other

Without the presence of electromagnetic forces

Electromagnetic also works on

Connect the atoms to each other

To make the molecules that we make

And all around us

Electromagnetism is responsible

... about the installation of our material

The atoms are interconnected

Molecular links in our bodies are linked together

Electromagnetic reactions

So they are connected together with light

The universe without electromagnetism

Will be torn

If the electromagnetic is stopped

The article has been moved

Everything will be torn

I have my mighty strength

To hold you, but you will perish

Electromagnetism does not bind everything

But it gives things its hardness

When you meditate something

This is also an electromagnetic force

We have electrons in our atoms and repel some of them

When we try to touch something, those forces

It prevents you from actually trying to touch it

The reason I do not fall across the ladder

Not because the ladder is solid

Most of the stairs are vacuum

They are the electrical forces of the atoms in the stairs

Off the electrical forces of the atoms in my body

That hold me

These simple powers of those few atoms are enough

To pull me off the entire gravitational force

Of the Earth

Electromagnetism prevails

Electromagnetism prevails on earth, and in the night sky

In fact, powers
Electromagnetism forms the night sky

Return in time to the universe

Only 380,000 years old

At that time, the universe was only a raging mix

Of subatomic particles

Protons and electrons and between them

Light energy

In the newborn universe, there were no atoms

Because the energy was too large

So that it separated the charged particles

Which is found in a thick soup and very hot

Then everything changed

In the time between the age of the universe is accurate

When he was 300,000 years old

Electromagnetism slowly came to the vanguard

Protons and electrons began
Affected by electrical forces

The seeds were merged

Electromagnetism began
Basically by defining a dynamic

Material, and composition of everything we see

Electromagnetism attracted
Electrons and protons together

To form the first elements, hydrogen and helium

And the light trapped between those elementary particles

He was free

For the first time ever, the lights of the universe

It was started

When the atoms
The nascent spin around each other

Its mass magnetic effect began to work

The smallest magnets in the universe

Are the atoms themselves that are essentially made

Micro magnetic electrodes
In the world scale under atomic

In the end, these micro-magnets are messy

Start to docking
Generates large magnetic lines

Also known as magnetic fields

, Then over time

Those magnetic fields began to increase

So all fields
The magnetism we see today

In our universe we can attribute it to those

Primary magnetic fields

He conducted a revolutionary new research into these

The original magnetic fields
Change everything we thought

How to configure stars

The old picture of how stars originate

You only need gravity and time

But we realized that the problem

More complicated than that

These magnetic fields play a vital role

It is possible without
Those magnetic fields

The stars themselves did not arise

After the Big Bang a year

Magnetism is about to
Ignite these first stars of life

Previously we thought that star formation was easy

Take a huge cloud of gas

And add some gravity

Wait for gravity to crush the gas

To a hot ball of plasma

Heat and pressure rise until fusion occurs

A star is born

Scientists now believe that
Gravity alone is not enough

To build a star, you also need magnetism

The main engine is when
Star formation is gravity

The material is concentrated in the middle to form a star

And while this star is formed
There is a substance around it

The central mass is attracted to its attractiveness

but there is a problem

That substance has what we call angular momentum

Angular momentum is the force of rotation

Which keeps the turnover
Pull the gas around the center

The assembled star

It works opposite gravity

Which crushes the gas into a thin disc

Angular momentum and gravity are essentially in a fight

What angular momentum maintains
Things are spinning out here

While gravity tries to stifle them

Towards the middle

If we could somehow
By weakening this angular momentum

The composition of the star will be completed

Young stars, or primary stars

Do not ignite unless the central gas cloud has reached

Into a very hot, overcrowded state

But the disc rotates around the center very quickly

Gravity is difficult to do

Scientists now realize that a third force

In the theater here

Where magnetism can play a role

First Star Magnetism, Constituent Star

It can affect and slow down the disc

, And allow him to fall to the center
The star helps to form

Rotary gas in the formed star

And the disk surrounding it

They generate strong magnetic fields

These fields pick up particles that are fast moving

It slowed down

Magnetism acts as a cosmic brake

Slow down a bit

Finally, it turns towards the middle

Gravity begins to win

Gravity overrides angular momentum

The composition of the star occurs

Gravity pulls the inertial disc

It will crush it until the gas condenses and ignites

The star explodes with life

This is our universe as it looked 12 billion years ago

The invading universe is full of blooms

Where gravity and magnetism are based
By pulling out the hydrogen gas

To configure stars

Some of the biggest stars are burning

Its hydrogen fuel is fast

Without the power of integration

There will be nothing to fight against gravity

This may sometimes occur
To a violent magnetic death

When the star collapses and explodes into a greater velocity

External gas layers
The star is rushing toward space

The core of the star is crushed inside

To enhance its magnetism

If you look at the stars
For almost all stars

Strong magnetic fields in its surface

When the star dies, it collapses

And the amount of magnetism must remain

If the surface of the star has decreased

A thousand times or ten thousand times

It means that the magnetic field intensity

Should be increased by the same amount

When the core of the supernova collapses

The strength of the magnetic field grows

At the end of this command
You get a 12 mile ball

Called a magnetic star

These dense balls have
Magnetic fields are very strong

In fact, the strongest magnetic fields in the universe

The magnetic field may be a trillion times stronger

Of the Earth's magnetic field

If you come too close to a magnetic star

He may be doing this
Strong magnetic ripping

Where your atoms can not stay together

Close to this strong magnetic field

Massive stars with potential
Composition of magnetic stars

Still exist through our universe

Scientists know that there are 23 stars
Magnetically in our galaxy today

One of which is SGR1806-20

Fifty thousand light years away

Is the same magnetic giant that launched the attack

On the ground in 2004

The blast prompted an earthquake

It is like a Earth quake but it is a star

And the crust of the star slipped that much

About centimeter

Show your finger, but it was much larger

Of any earthquake on the planet

Million times more powerful

The magnetic field is associated with the material inside it

, When the crust slipped
The magnetic field also slipped

He unleashed a powerful emission of energy

So that it is 50,000 light years away

He physically affected our planet

Luckily it happened in the middle of the galaxy

If this thing happened nearby

The effect would be huge

The magnetic star on the
After two light-years of earth

Will destroy our planet

There will be an emission
Of radiation can actually

Tearing our air cover

Without an atmosphere, there is no air to breathe

Animal life will die

Without atmospheric pressure, the seas will boil

The earth will fall like a lifeless rock

Spin through space

In the World Monster Show of Monsters and Ghouls

And scary things at night

I think the magnetic stars at the top of the list

Very scary things

During the violent birth of magnetic stars

Great eruptions erupt
Shock waves towards Milky Way

In these shock waves
Scientists look for signs

Of some of the largest magnetic fields

...in the universe

So huge that it swallows our entire galaxy

For centuries we have been studying our galaxy

...Milky Way

We draw gas and dust maps and 200 billion stars

In the skies of Lille

But it turned out that we were missing something

Something great

A giant network of magnetic fields

Fill our galaxy from first to last

It is the largest single installation in the Milky Way

A single atom may have a magnetic field

The magnets rod has a magnetic field

I also have the earth, and I have the sun

In fact, it has huge structures like galaxies

The Hungarian magnetic field is huge

It's basically the size of the entire Milky Way

Magnetic field that can accommodate our rotary mill

Its width is 150,000 light years

Its thickness is 30,000 light years

Astronomers who analyze
Map of magnetic lines

Which form the Hungarian field

They discover something amazing

Rotating motion of stars and pulling gas

Which fills our galaxy does not explain

All the magnetism we see

There is something else out there
Makes giant magnetic fields

Where do these huge magnetic fields come from?

Where the fields come from
Magnetic sweeps of the galaxy?

Scientists obtained their first evidence of origin

Those mysterious magnetic fields

Looking at the remains of dead stars long ago

The chair is a "supernova"

A huge ball of gas and dust is rushing towards space

By an explosive star

Its light first reached the Earth three hundred years ago

Astronomers who follow
Evolution of magnetic fields

Through its expanding expanse of gas

They discovered that the fields were on the main border of the remains

Which was reinforced when it collided with a nearby pull

Of interstellar gas

Shock waves can be triggered by precipitation
Great to make excess magnetism

Which we see in the Milky Way today?

A new generation of empirical cosmologists

They insist on finding out

Gina Monica "uses one of the"
The most powerful laser in the world

To simulate shock waves
For the supernova in the laboratory

What I can do
Is the use of huge laser devices

In fact, bigger
Laser devices on the ground for manufacture

Super Raiders Nine Comfort Your Hands

Gina starts the experiment

Place a small piece of carbon rod

To laser range

The six laser beams are all on the carbon rod

In a room filled with gas, which happens

That the article would expand in a catalytic manner

To create a shock wave, hope

That shock wave generates magnetic fields

Well, the closure is done for launch

Let everyone out

This is the west target

We closed and ready to launch

Full energy in the six rays

The laser working team is aiming

On a small carbon target

The laser is heating
Target for more than a million degrees

Carbon explodes to produce shock waves

Beat the surrounding gas

We succeeded

We succeeded in correcting

It seems that the laser hit our target accurately

We have this shock wave
Beautifully resurrected

The laser came from this direction
And struck our carbon rod

These are all the relics that were moving

Very quickly, these
Shock wave generated

As a result

In-room monitoring devices

Confirm that the shock wave
It has generated powerful magnetic fields

When I hit the gas around

This shock wave moves through space

This is what makes all these magnetic fields

Along the front

Jenna believes that the process is similar

They make large magnetic fields in space

The shock waves of the great interceptors collide

Pulling a giant gas between the stars

Such as the tsunami

The quick-moving introduction to gas rages

Particles charged inside a gas cloud

Collide with each other

To create strong magnetic fields

Which extends far into space

So we have a mixture of charged particles

Which spin and move quickly in chaotic ways

When you have such activity

You have magnetic fields

The shock waves of the superconductor are responsible for

Most of the excess magnetism in the Milky Way

But not all of them

Because it is not the only cosmic phenomenon

With great power to hit

The black holes are overflowing
A competitor of very hot materials

Towards space

These vents penetrate the gas clouds

To create the disorder that is born

Other strong magnetic fields

Sometimes the gas withdrawal collides with each other with extreme violence

Creating huge magnetic storms

Shock waves are steroid

Which strengthens muscles
Magnetism of Milky Way

And distribution of that magnetic mass

Perhaps the key to solving one of the greatest mysteries

... in cosmology

Why do you miss the night sky?
More than a trillion stars

There are speeches in our galaxy

There are not enough stars

The Milky Way consists of
More than two hundred billion stars

Line up in a flat snail

But there should be more there, a lot

One of the hardest things to understand

About Milky Way is
Why there are few stars

Should possess Milky Way
Ten times its current stars

But it does not

One big question, why?

According to the laws of traditional physics

The Milky Way should have been larger

It is surrounded by a giant pull of gas and dust

Building units for new stars

Over billions of years
The great attraction of Milky Way

These clouds should be absorbed within their boundaries

But scientists believe the universe
Today the magnetic fields

Contrast with star formation

There is a huge amount of gas

Which come from outside the galaxy

Which you want to fall down and then be available

To configure stars

What prevents all this gas and dust

Which we know exist
Is there a switch to stars?

Magnetic fields may be the cause

How did the magnetism
If the Milky Way is disabled

From inflation?

Ten billion years ago, the fledgling Milky Way

It was only a huge ball of stars

But over time, he worked
Flatten the ball to a disk

The disc increased when she did
Its great attractiveness

More and more stars

Gravity in the end

Is primarily responsible for the compression of the material

Which are galaxies

When the material begins to move and interact

Magnetic fields become important

First shock waves
The great intercessors make trouble

Venture magnetic fields
To the neonatal disk of the Milky Way

When the disc rotates, the
Those magnetic lines

Weave a protective cloak around the young galaxy

Here is the problem, our galaxy

Network overlapping
Of magnetic field lines

And magnetism can
Prevent materials from falling

On the center of the galaxy

This network has been corrupted
Formation of stars in Milky Way

Magnetic fields play a prominent role

In the removal of this gas

This disables star formation
The composition of new stars was quickly corrupted

As we thought it was
Will be formed in the Milky Way

Magnetic fields surrounding the Milky Way

Prevent gas from falling
For inside and the formation of new stars

But powerful magnetic fields are also circulating

Across the flat disk of the galaxy

New theory assumes that
Internal magnetic fields

... may play a big role in the evolution of galaxies

Distribute stars

Including our star, the sun

The guide comes from a galaxy

2.7 million light-years away

Scientists look at the triangle galaxy

... and they find something amazing

Stars are bursting with life

In line up all of them regularly
Through the spiral arms of the galaxy

Where vast magnetic fields are clustered

What we begin to see now

We discover gas clouds where the stars are made up

Queued, and one way to occur this stacking

By making magnetic fields

Magnetic field lines act as a highway

Of the charged particles

She wants the charged particles to follow her path

Charged particles in the gas clouds inside the galaxy

Turn towards spiral arms
By magnetic fields

Here, the gas clouds condense

Allows star formation to occur

Gravity is responsible for the formation of galaxies

But magnetism is what they form

Magnetism may have reduced the number of stars

Which we see today in
... Milky Way, and determine their positions

Including the position of the nearest star of the earth, the sun

The sun provides us with energy

Which markets most of life on earth

... but without magnetism to tame it

That energy was fortified

Earth's defenses seem to be on the way to weakness

Pulp dissolved earth rotor

Generates a magnetic field that emerges from the poles

Our entire planet is enveloped in a blanket of magnetism

This field of invisible power

Reflects deadly charged particles

Which flow from the sun

Protecting us and protecting our cover from catastrophic destruction

Scientists now fear that we
Perhaps we lose this vital shield

In the last 200 years, it has weakened

, About 10 percent
If it continues at this rate

Will disappear in two thousand years

If it disappeared forever

We will have a long-term problem

What will happen to the Earth?

If we lose our magnetic shields?

To know that, we have to look at our planetary neighbor

Mars may have appeared in the past as Earth

With a thick atmosphere and water on its surface

That disappeared, why?

We know that Mars has no strong magnetic field

That means he could not
Protect itself from solar wind

These particles flow from the sun

It hits the Martian atmosphere and tears it

Its atmosphere has been removed

By solar wind
For not having a protective cover

Of the magnetic field

If we look at Mars today, it's cold

Lifeless arid

Because it does not have an envelope

Is it destined for our planet

To lose its magnetic field

And it becomes an arid place like Mars?

Geophysicist Dan Lathrop and his team

They built a replica of the core of the earth

To accelerate the development of magnetic fields

Lathrop wanted to know that
Earth's magnetism was diminishing

Part of a normal cycle
Of the increases and decreases

Or indicates the beginning of a final decline

Conducting such an experiment will allow you to approach

Of something like the core of the planet

More than any other means

The iron is too hot to handle

So Lathrop fills his ten-foot ball

... the best thing after

Twelve and a half tons of liquid sodium metal

When we conduct the experiment
The main thing that we are trying to try

Is the understanding of how the rotary mass of liquid sodium

This troubled turbulent flow of liquid metal

... to generate electric currents and magnetic fields

And try to use it to understand

How the planets do the same thing

Lathrop runs the engine, spins the ball

... to simulate the rotation of our planet

But 350,000 times faster

Inside the roller ball, begins
Sodium dissolved in spin

Charged particles around the core accelerate

well, that is good

It starts to appear

A magnetic field appears

Of the poles of the ball

It looks like a field that protects the earth

Lathrop measures the declines

In the strength of the magnetic field of the ball

But those declines are disappearing and rising again

Lathrop also saw magnetic poles

For his experience moving

Amazingly, scientists found that the poles of the earth

They do likewise

When we look at the Earth's magnetic field

We can see that direction
Which is indicated by compasses

Moving north

At a rate of tens of miles per year

"I moved from Canada
"It is now heading to the side of" Siberia

Do you continue towards "Siberia" and beyond

Or come back to Canada?

It is difficult to predict what will happen

To try to predict the future

Scientists are looking for signs in
Magnetic past of our planet

, "Planetary Scientist" Jenny Radebo "in Hawaii

Home to "Kelawia", the most active volcanoes in the world

Making it the best natural laboratory

To study the Earth's magnetic history

Great about the flow of lava they confine

Earth's magnetic field

Then freeze it somewhere

If we caught rocks
Of these folic acid flows

We can see direction

Magnetic field in the past

Lava contains iron elements

When melted, iron elements are lined

With the Earth's magnetic field

When the lava cooled
This trend is frozen in position

Drilling through the past lava layers

Scientists have shown a magnetic record

It goes back millions of years

It shows that the area of ??the earth is not only weak and moving

From time to time, the whole field is reflected

The North and South Pole interchange

The field is aligned for a particular direction for a period

Even if they were raised in this column

From the lava rocks, we find that the field has turned

For the opposite direction completely

One hundred and eighty degrees from what it is now

This has happened several times, dozens of times

This tells us that the magnetic field of the earth

Change direction, not on a regular basis

, But from time to time
In a break of tens of thousands of years

Perhaps even two million years between them

It is reflected from north to south

To change trends throughout Earth's history

How the reflection will affect
Next on life on Earth?

The answer is amazing .. a little

The biologists deepened
In the fossil record of the Earth

They discovered that the reflections
Magnetism is not catastrophic

What we know is that it will not be long

To remain unprotected for a long time

So wipe out life

We do not see collective oppression

Reflection of the magnetic field
So we realize that it is relatively fast

Earth's magnetic shield

He protected life from sun radiation

Billions of years

And will continue to do so

But we are different from our ancestors

We harness the power of electromagnetic

Each device extends energy to our technique

This puts us at risk

Of a threat that could destroy humanity

Humankind may go without knowing

Towards a major disaster

We have built our civilization

On electromagnetic bases

There is a threat in the sky

May destroy it at any moment

We rely on the sun from
, For our lives and for our civilization

But it could easily rob this

We have wires everywhere

We use it to transport currents

But this infrastructure is vulnerable

For activity on the sun

We are protected all the time from the solar wind

... the magnetic field of our planet

But the sun also has a magnetic field

And sometimes become magnetic lines

Weapons of mass destruction

Magnetic fields
Store a huge amount of energy

The sun has surplus of it

If she remained, it is not a problem

But what happens is that
Magnetic lines may be attacked

When the magnetic field is attacked

It frees up all its stored capacity

The surface of the sun rises, to explode

Magneticly charged shells of particles

Called "coronal mass emission

Mass emission
To detonate that energy

There is a huge amount of subatomic particles

About 1 billion tons

Which explodes from the sun

And progress towards interplanetary space

I have this cloud of
Particles are their magnetic field

Who goes with her, even if he struck the earth

They can interact with our magnetic field

When mass emission collides
The magnetic field of the Earth

The collision may occur in a rush
Of the current in the power lines

Which transmit energy to our homes and businesses

All our electromagnetism infrastructures

All power lines, transistors, and everything

All of this absorbs this current

The load may increase on the circuit

Causing electricity interruptions
And a lot of inconvenience to society

The earth hits about 150 emission
Eucalyptus kidney each year

Most of them are small, causing interruptions
The current is at worst

But the sun has the potential

To unleash a devastating coronal mass emission

At first, this shell
Of charged particles

Will hit the satellites
Which revolves around the earth

A huge solar storm
May affect satellites

And it is disrupted

We may lose contact, may
We lose GPS

The Global Positioning System is used
In all stock markets

across the world

, Without satellites
The financial infrastructure of the world

Will collapse

The planes will land on the ground

The sea lines will be closed

Mobile connections will be interrupted

We rely on all those
Things in our monetary system

In our financial system, and for our civilization

After the destruction of satellites

The mass emission energy
The coronal will affect the earth

Strong electric current
Will run through the power lines

To increase loads on networks
Electricity all over the world

The substations will explode in a barrage of sparks

Imagine a stormy solar event

An explosion we have not seen before

Causing huge electrical outages

Imagine the entire United States

Cover in total darkness

It will take years and billions of dollars

To repair electrical infrastructure

Building and launching new satellites

A huge storm could destroy our civilization

Magnetism threatens to destroy our society

But our electromagnetic behavior does not give up easily

It is the force that protects us

Allowing life to flourish on our planet

It builds our sun and even
The galaxy we live in

Without magnetism, there is nothing

Magneticity affects processes

Ranging from the formation of galaxies

To star formation

Even processes that provide us with energy

Magnetism is central to our existence in the universe

Of corn and above

Magnetism forms every body in the universe

It is the greatest force of mass destruction

It is responsible for nature

The same article

It is responsible for holding the earth

For their atmosphere and their water

You have to remember every day of your life

You are here because of magnetism