All language subtitles for [English (auto-generated)] Japan_ Memoirs of a Secret Empire - Episode 1 of 3 - The Way of the Samurai [DownSub.com]

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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:03,210 --> 00:00:06,340 [Music] 2 00:00:09,010 --> 00:00:16,699 [Music] 3 00:00:18,320 --> 00:00:21,039 the japanese have rights and ceremonies 4 00:00:21,039 --> 00:00:23,039 so different from those of all other 5 00:00:23,039 --> 00:00:25,439 nations 6 00:00:25,840 --> 00:00:28,960 the things they do are beyond imagining 7 00:00:28,960 --> 00:00:31,599 and it may be truly said that japan is a 8 00:00:31,599 --> 00:00:34,320 world the reverse of europe 9 00:00:34,320 --> 00:00:36,800 to the first westerners in japan it was 10 00:00:36,800 --> 00:00:40,079 a mysterious world 11 00:00:42,640 --> 00:00:44,879 it was the fabled isle of zeppongu that 12 00:00:44,879 --> 00:00:48,160 marco polo had only heard about 13 00:00:48,160 --> 00:00:49,840 the land of riches that christopher 14 00:00:49,840 --> 00:00:54,039 columbus set out to find 15 00:00:59,039 --> 00:01:01,120 when the portuguese arrived in japan in 16 00:01:01,120 --> 00:01:03,840 1543 they encountered a country 17 00:01:03,840 --> 00:01:06,950 embroiled in civil war 18 00:01:06,950 --> 00:01:10,029 [Applause] 19 00:01:12,080 --> 00:01:14,880 of this chaos one samurai warrior would 20 00:01:14,880 --> 00:01:16,799 emerge 21 00:01:16,799 --> 00:01:19,200 he would create a regime so strong it 22 00:01:19,200 --> 00:01:24,280 endured for over 250 years 23 00:01:25,770 --> 00:01:28,320 [Music] 24 00:01:28,320 --> 00:01:30,479 witnesses to this world both western 25 00:01:30,479 --> 00:01:33,040 observers and japanese wrote of these 26 00:01:33,040 --> 00:01:36,079 changing times 27 00:01:38,960 --> 00:01:42,159 theirs is a story of flowering culture 28 00:01:42,159 --> 00:01:44,399 of poetic ritual 29 00:01:44,399 --> 00:01:48,079 and of rigid power struggles 30 00:01:48,240 --> 00:01:50,320 it is the saga of opening trade with 31 00:01:50,320 --> 00:01:52,640 europe and then closing its doors to the 32 00:01:52,640 --> 00:01:55,600 west 33 00:01:55,600 --> 00:01:58,479 these are the memoirs of japan's secret 34 00:01:58,479 --> 00:02:01,479 empire 35 00:02:07,030 --> 00:02:19,330 [Music] 36 00:02:19,330 --> 00:02:19,920 [Applause] 37 00:02:19,920 --> 00:02:39,090 [Music] 38 00:02:42,720 --> 00:02:44,959 on the 25th day of the eighth month of 39 00:02:44,959 --> 00:02:47,920 the year of the water and the hair 40 00:02:47,920 --> 00:02:50,319 there appeared off our western shore a 41 00:02:50,319 --> 00:02:52,239 big ship 42 00:02:52,239 --> 00:02:55,599 no one knew whence it had come 43 00:02:57,120 --> 00:02:59,360 as a buddhist monk later recounted 44 00:02:59,360 --> 00:03:01,440 samurai guards were quickly dispatched 45 00:03:01,440 --> 00:03:05,080 to warn their master 46 00:03:05,920 --> 00:03:07,519 there were strangers on board these 47 00:03:07,519 --> 00:03:09,840 ships unlike anyone the japanese had 48 00:03:09,840 --> 00:03:11,210 ever seen 49 00:03:11,210 --> 00:03:14,319 [Music] 50 00:03:14,319 --> 00:03:16,800 the local warlord called a daimyo 51 00:03:16,800 --> 00:03:18,720 summoned these strangers 52 00:03:18,720 --> 00:03:21,120 the first europeans to ever set foot on 53 00:03:21,120 --> 00:03:23,200 japanese shores 54 00:03:23,200 --> 00:03:27,080 it was the year 1543 55 00:03:31,360 --> 00:03:33,440 when these portuguese merchants arrived 56 00:03:33,440 --> 00:03:35,280 the daimyo was intrigued by their 57 00:03:35,280 --> 00:03:38,879 peculiar unknown weapons 58 00:03:38,879 --> 00:03:40,879 the japanese always like novel things 59 00:03:40,879 --> 00:03:43,920 new things are fed so to speak 60 00:03:43,920 --> 00:03:45,120 and so 61 00:03:45,120 --> 00:03:47,760 they were very very interested in the 62 00:03:47,760 --> 00:03:48,600 europeans 63 00:03:48,600 --> 00:03:53,169 [Music] 64 00:03:53,519 --> 00:03:55,360 after he watched the portuguese shoot 65 00:03:55,360 --> 00:03:57,840 down a duck the daimyo purchased two 66 00:03:57,840 --> 00:03:59,920 guns and put his swordsmith to work 67 00:03:59,920 --> 00:04:02,799 making copies 68 00:04:02,959 --> 00:04:06,560 then he asked for shooting lessons 69 00:04:10,159 --> 00:04:12,640 these first europeans their guns and 70 00:04:12,640 --> 00:04:15,200 their religion would have unforeseeable 71 00:04:15,200 --> 00:04:18,200 consequences 72 00:04:25,270 --> 00:04:29,759 [Music] 73 00:04:29,759 --> 00:04:32,400 in this same year a boy was born to a 74 00:04:32,400 --> 00:04:35,360 daimyo family 75 00:04:37,120 --> 00:04:40,560 he would be known as tokugawa ieyasu 76 00:04:40,560 --> 00:04:43,199 his destiny would be to change japan 77 00:04:43,199 --> 00:04:43,940 forever 78 00:04:43,940 --> 00:04:47,879 [Music] 79 00:04:48,560 --> 00:04:51,199 as an elite member of the samurai class 80 00:04:51,199 --> 00:04:54,560 the boy inherited a world of tradition 81 00:04:54,560 --> 00:04:57,199 a feudal realm of samurai warriors who 82 00:04:57,199 --> 00:05:01,440 ruled by birthright and sword 83 00:05:06,600 --> 00:05:08,880 [Music] 84 00:05:08,880 --> 00:05:11,680 the son of a daimyo lord iyasu would 85 00:05:11,680 --> 00:05:13,919 soon have to give up children's games 86 00:05:13,919 --> 00:05:16,270 for the politics of war 87 00:05:16,270 --> 00:05:21,440 [Music] 88 00:05:24,320 --> 00:05:27,120 when iyasu was still a child the ruling 89 00:05:27,120 --> 00:05:29,840 daimyo demanded that iyaso's father send 90 00:05:29,840 --> 00:05:32,240 the young boy to him as a hostage 91 00:05:32,240 --> 00:05:34,400 insurance that all orders would be 92 00:05:34,400 --> 00:05:37,400 obeyed 93 00:05:39,600 --> 00:05:43,120 when children were taken as hostages 94 00:05:43,120 --> 00:05:45,919 it did not mean prisoners 95 00:05:45,919 --> 00:05:47,840 this was all part of the political 96 00:05:47,840 --> 00:05:50,960 negotiation in which our alliances had 97 00:05:50,960 --> 00:05:52,400 to be formed 98 00:05:52,400 --> 00:05:54,880 because no one trusted 99 00:05:54,880 --> 00:05:56,800 no one else 100 00:05:56,800 --> 00:05:57,520 so 101 00:05:57,520 --> 00:06:00,000 there had to be guarantee 102 00:06:00,000 --> 00:06:04,600 and therefore the hostage was used 103 00:06:11,880 --> 00:06:18,160 [Music] 104 00:06:18,160 --> 00:06:20,479 as a hostage the young samurai boy 105 00:06:20,479 --> 00:06:22,319 traveled in the style befitting his 106 00:06:22,319 --> 00:06:23,250 daimyo rank 107 00:06:23,250 --> 00:06:27,709 [Music] 108 00:06:30,240 --> 00:06:32,880 he could not know his destiny 109 00:06:32,880 --> 00:06:34,560 nor could he know that he would never 110 00:06:34,560 --> 00:06:37,759 see his father again 111 00:06:41,680 --> 00:06:44,160 he would grow up a hostage his life 112 00:06:44,160 --> 00:06:47,690 captive to the turmoil of civil war 113 00:06:47,690 --> 00:06:59,280 [Music] 114 00:06:59,280 --> 00:07:02,560 the whole of japan was involved in wars 115 00:07:02,560 --> 00:07:04,960 treachery was rampant and nobody trusted 116 00:07:04,960 --> 00:07:06,400 his neighbor 117 00:07:06,400 --> 00:07:08,240 they would enter into league with one 118 00:07:08,240 --> 00:07:10,800 faction and then deserted for another as 119 00:07:10,800 --> 00:07:14,840 the winds of fortune blew 120 00:07:14,840 --> 00:07:18,560 [Music] 121 00:07:18,560 --> 00:07:21,199 joao rodriguez an eyewitness to these 122 00:07:21,199 --> 00:07:23,360 perilous times was one of the first 123 00:07:23,360 --> 00:07:27,039 portuguese to arrive in japan 124 00:07:27,120 --> 00:07:29,680 he came as a cabin boy of 15 and would 125 00:07:29,680 --> 00:07:33,759 soon become a jesuit missionary 126 00:07:33,820 --> 00:07:36,899 [Music] 127 00:07:38,560 --> 00:07:40,400 as portuguese merchants traversed the 128 00:07:40,400 --> 00:07:43,360 oceans in search of new ports for trade 129 00:07:43,360 --> 00:07:45,520 jesuit missionaries accompanied them 130 00:07:45,520 --> 00:07:49,120 searching for souls to save 131 00:07:52,080 --> 00:07:54,319 the jesuits were young and dedicated 132 00:07:54,319 --> 00:07:56,240 braving the hardships of the dangerous 133 00:07:56,240 --> 00:07:58,400 two-year voyage to reach japan 134 00:07:58,400 --> 00:08:00,639 a country which they considered ripe for 135 00:08:00,639 --> 00:08:02,720 conversion 136 00:08:02,720 --> 00:08:06,389 [Music] 137 00:08:06,879 --> 00:08:09,280 they sent home tantalizing reports of an 138 00:08:09,280 --> 00:08:12,430 alien world 139 00:08:12,430 --> 00:08:22,419 [Music] 140 00:08:22,720 --> 00:08:25,120 everything is so different and opposite 141 00:08:25,120 --> 00:08:26,800 that they are like us in practically 142 00:08:26,800 --> 00:08:28,400 nothing 143 00:08:28,400 --> 00:08:30,960 now all this would not be surprising if 144 00:08:30,960 --> 00:08:33,440 they were like so many barbarians 145 00:08:33,440 --> 00:08:35,360 but what astonishes me 146 00:08:35,360 --> 00:08:37,440 is that they behave as very prudent and 147 00:08:37,440 --> 00:08:40,159 cultured people in all these matters 148 00:08:40,159 --> 00:08:41,919 this is something which i would not dare 149 00:08:41,919 --> 00:08:43,120 to affirm 150 00:08:43,120 --> 00:08:45,200 if i had not had so much experience 151 00:08:45,200 --> 00:08:47,360 among them 152 00:08:47,360 --> 00:08:49,120 the missionaries thought that the 153 00:08:49,120 --> 00:08:52,160 japanese were such a remarkable race 154 00:08:52,160 --> 00:08:54,160 their culture was so developed that it 155 00:08:54,160 --> 00:08:56,240 was worthwhile writing back to europe 156 00:08:56,240 --> 00:08:58,480 about the culture which they found the 157 00:08:58,480 --> 00:09:00,720 language the japanese spoke and a very 158 00:09:00,720 --> 00:09:03,040 complex political system 159 00:09:03,040 --> 00:09:05,839 without any influence from christianity 160 00:09:05,839 --> 00:09:09,040 without any influence from europe 161 00:09:09,040 --> 00:09:11,200 and so i think this is a thing which one 162 00:09:11,200 --> 00:09:12,720 should bear in mind that this was the 163 00:09:12,720 --> 00:09:16,000 first time europeans dealt with asians 164 00:09:16,000 --> 00:09:19,680 on equal terms and not as conquerors and 165 00:09:19,680 --> 00:09:22,720 conquered people 166 00:09:22,720 --> 00:09:24,560 their way of writing is very different 167 00:09:24,560 --> 00:09:26,560 from ours because they write from the 168 00:09:26,560 --> 00:09:29,200 top of the page down to the bottom 169 00:09:29,200 --> 00:09:31,120 i asked the japanese why they did not 170 00:09:31,120 --> 00:09:33,680 write in our way and he asked me why we 171 00:09:33,680 --> 00:09:35,760 did not write in their way 172 00:09:35,760 --> 00:09:38,080 he explained that as a head of a man is 173 00:09:38,080 --> 00:09:40,000 at the top and his feet are at the 174 00:09:40,000 --> 00:09:40,959 bottom 175 00:09:40,959 --> 00:09:43,200 so too a man should ride from top to 176 00:09:43,200 --> 00:09:44,320 bottom 177 00:09:44,320 --> 00:09:46,800 during his more than 30 years in japan 178 00:09:46,800 --> 00:09:49,120 joao rodriguez became so fluent in 179 00:09:49,120 --> 00:09:51,120 japanese he became known as the 180 00:09:51,120 --> 00:09:53,680 interpreter 181 00:09:56,000 --> 00:09:58,080 his work allowed him to observe all 182 00:09:58,080 --> 00:10:00,160 levels of society 183 00:10:00,160 --> 00:10:03,360 from the highest daimyo warlords 184 00:10:03,360 --> 00:10:07,200 to the lowest japanese farmer 185 00:10:08,550 --> 00:10:10,160 [Music] 186 00:10:10,160 --> 00:10:13,440 every class of person noble or humble 187 00:10:13,440 --> 00:10:16,959 uses a fan throughout the whole kingdom 188 00:10:16,959 --> 00:10:18,959 people who have business matters and 189 00:10:18,959 --> 00:10:21,519 other things which they wish to remember 190 00:10:21,519 --> 00:10:24,480 write them down on their fans 191 00:10:24,480 --> 00:10:26,160 they are always carrying these fans 192 00:10:26,160 --> 00:10:27,760 about in their hands 193 00:10:27,760 --> 00:10:30,720 opening them shutting them and looking 194 00:10:30,720 --> 00:10:32,480 at them 195 00:10:32,480 --> 00:10:34,240 nobody would go out into the street 196 00:10:34,240 --> 00:10:37,640 without one 197 00:10:40,190 --> 00:10:45,080 [Music] 198 00:10:47,920 --> 00:10:50,640 the japanese joao rodriguez observed 199 00:10:50,640 --> 00:10:52,880 regarded the europeans with equal 200 00:10:52,880 --> 00:10:54,880 fascination 201 00:10:54,880 --> 00:10:57,200 they greatly wondered that are big and 202 00:10:57,200 --> 00:11:00,160 long noses thick beards and red or fair 203 00:11:00,160 --> 00:11:02,720 hair and considered all these things as 204 00:11:02,720 --> 00:11:04,959 so many defects 205 00:11:04,959 --> 00:11:07,920 they called them the southern barbarians 206 00:11:07,920 --> 00:11:11,760 which is not a very flattering term 207 00:11:11,760 --> 00:11:13,360 their eating habits were rather 208 00:11:13,360 --> 00:11:14,880 different 209 00:11:14,880 --> 00:11:16,959 the japanese were so polite eating with 210 00:11:16,959 --> 00:11:18,880 chopsticks etc 211 00:11:18,880 --> 00:11:20,560 whereas in those days europeans normally 212 00:11:20,560 --> 00:11:22,880 yet with just a knife and with your 213 00:11:22,880 --> 00:11:24,880 fingers 214 00:11:24,880 --> 00:11:26,800 and then of course the japanese most the 215 00:11:26,800 --> 00:11:28,800 japanese take a bath every day whereas 216 00:11:28,800 --> 00:11:31,120 europeans i'm afraid in those days 217 00:11:31,120 --> 00:11:32,880 went for months and months and months 218 00:11:32,880 --> 00:11:34,560 without taking a bath 219 00:11:34,560 --> 00:11:38,000 and to some extent they deserve the 220 00:11:38,000 --> 00:11:41,720 epithet of barbarians 221 00:11:42,080 --> 00:11:43,760 [Music] 222 00:11:43,760 --> 00:11:45,680 but however they were regarded the 223 00:11:45,680 --> 00:11:47,839 missionaries were determined to stay in 224 00:11:47,839 --> 00:11:49,279 japan 225 00:11:49,279 --> 00:11:51,600 our only desire was to preach and 226 00:11:51,600 --> 00:11:53,839 proclaim the law of the creator even if 227 00:11:53,839 --> 00:11:55,839 there were only one japanese christian 228 00:11:55,839 --> 00:11:57,760 in the whole country any missionary 229 00:11:57,760 --> 00:12:00,320 would spend all his life here just for 230 00:12:00,320 --> 00:12:02,639 the sake of that one person 231 00:12:02,639 --> 00:12:05,440 these men were very very zealous and the 232 00:12:05,440 --> 00:12:07,519 conditions were rather good for the 233 00:12:07,519 --> 00:12:11,720 conversion of people to christianity 234 00:12:12,160 --> 00:12:15,519 when you have bloodshed revolutions 235 00:12:15,519 --> 00:12:17,440 fighting battles 236 00:12:17,440 --> 00:12:18,320 death 237 00:12:18,320 --> 00:12:19,839 in large numbers 238 00:12:19,839 --> 00:12:22,079 obviously people's thoughts do tend to 239 00:12:22,079 --> 00:12:25,839 go to the next life 240 00:12:26,399 --> 00:12:28,480 in little more than 50 years these 241 00:12:28,480 --> 00:12:30,720 missionaries established over 200 242 00:12:30,720 --> 00:12:33,040 catholic churches primarily in southern 243 00:12:33,040 --> 00:12:35,600 japan and converted up to a quarter 244 00:12:35,600 --> 00:12:37,330 million japanese 245 00:12:37,330 --> 00:12:47,920 [Music] 246 00:12:47,920 --> 00:12:51,200 when a japanese lord or japanese daimyo 247 00:12:51,200 --> 00:12:53,040 changed his religion he would bring 248 00:12:53,040 --> 00:12:55,519 pressure on his people because he had 249 00:12:55,519 --> 00:12:58,320 absolute power of life and death on the 250 00:12:58,320 --> 00:13:00,079 people below him 251 00:13:00,079 --> 00:13:03,040 and so you've got in a relatively short 252 00:13:03,040 --> 00:13:04,560 short period of time 253 00:13:04,560 --> 00:13:07,040 a large-scale conversions 254 00:13:07,040 --> 00:13:09,120 but there was another factor that some 255 00:13:09,120 --> 00:13:11,120 of the daimyo 256 00:13:11,120 --> 00:13:13,279 when they became christian they had 257 00:13:13,279 --> 00:13:15,839 certain considerations of commerce in 258 00:13:15,839 --> 00:13:18,000 the back of their mind because where the 259 00:13:18,000 --> 00:13:20,240 missionaries went the portuguese 260 00:13:20,240 --> 00:13:22,160 merchants went 261 00:13:22,160 --> 00:13:24,160 and the portuguese merchants offered 262 00:13:24,160 --> 00:13:29,480 very profitable trade vis-a-vis japanese 263 00:13:30,570 --> 00:13:38,320 [Music] 264 00:13:38,320 --> 00:13:41,440 commerce and religion intertwined 265 00:13:41,440 --> 00:13:43,600 some japanese profited while others 266 00:13:43,600 --> 00:13:46,000 watched with growing concern convinced 267 00:13:46,000 --> 00:13:49,839 of christianity's threat to their power 268 00:13:50,880 --> 00:13:53,199 merchants and missionaries these early 269 00:13:53,199 --> 00:13:55,040 europeans had set a course which would 270 00:13:55,040 --> 00:13:57,199 eventually run into unexpected 271 00:13:57,199 --> 00:14:00,199 consequences 272 00:14:01,410 --> 00:14:09,360 [Music] 273 00:14:09,360 --> 00:14:12,360 so 274 00:14:13,440 --> 00:14:19,690 [Music] 275 00:14:21,600 --> 00:14:23,600 to endure the rigors of never-ending 276 00:14:23,600 --> 00:14:26,000 training to remain clear-minded in the 277 00:14:26,000 --> 00:14:28,079 face of grave danger 278 00:14:28,079 --> 00:14:30,560 to face death matter of factly 279 00:14:30,560 --> 00:14:33,440 this is the art of kendo the way of the 280 00:14:33,440 --> 00:14:35,839 sword 281 00:14:39,040 --> 00:14:41,360 master swordsman taught young samurai 282 00:14:41,360 --> 00:14:43,360 the skills of sword fighting and the 283 00:14:43,360 --> 00:14:47,519 traditions of a samurai code of honor 284 00:14:48,160 --> 00:14:50,480 this was the education the young eyasu 285 00:14:50,480 --> 00:14:53,760 would receive even as a hostage 286 00:14:53,760 --> 00:14:56,560 when you took a hostage in a certain 287 00:14:56,560 --> 00:14:59,120 class they were usually treated very 288 00:14:59,120 --> 00:15:02,720 cordially and they were given education 289 00:15:02,720 --> 00:15:05,199 as just as they would be 290 00:15:05,199 --> 00:15:08,240 given at home 291 00:15:09,040 --> 00:15:12,720 he probably had a very stoic spartan 292 00:15:12,720 --> 00:15:14,639 kind of education 293 00:15:14,639 --> 00:15:18,639 taught military skills martial arts and 294 00:15:18,639 --> 00:15:23,120 chinese classics japanese classics 295 00:15:23,120 --> 00:15:26,560 the entire life of yes was that of 296 00:15:26,560 --> 00:15:30,880 patience and forbearance people say 297 00:15:31,020 --> 00:15:34,169 [Music] 298 00:15:34,399 --> 00:15:37,279 the young hostage tokugawa isu would 299 00:15:37,279 --> 00:15:41,800 learn what it meant to be a samurai 300 00:15:43,759 --> 00:15:46,560 adapter stands with the head erect 301 00:15:46,560 --> 00:15:49,199 neither hanging down or looking up nor 302 00:15:49,199 --> 00:15:50,800 twisted 303 00:15:50,800 --> 00:15:52,959 do not roll your eyes nor allow them to 304 00:15:52,959 --> 00:15:56,560 blink but slightly narrow them 305 00:15:56,560 --> 00:15:58,880 raise your abdomen so that you do not 306 00:15:58,880 --> 00:16:01,030 bend at the hips 307 00:16:01,030 --> 00:16:04,320 [Music] 308 00:16:04,320 --> 00:16:07,360 a legendary swordsman miyamoto musashi 309 00:16:07,360 --> 00:16:09,440 would preserve the way of the samurai in 310 00:16:09,440 --> 00:16:12,320 a classic book the five rings 311 00:16:12,320 --> 00:16:14,399 it was a guide to strategy its 312 00:16:14,399 --> 00:16:16,800 philosophy embraced in japan even to 313 00:16:16,800 --> 00:16:19,279 this day 314 00:16:19,519 --> 00:16:22,399 in all forms of strategy it is necessary 315 00:16:22,399 --> 00:16:24,320 to maintain the combat stance in 316 00:16:24,320 --> 00:16:25,680 everyday life 317 00:16:25,680 --> 00:16:27,440 and to make your everyday stance your 318 00:16:27,440 --> 00:16:29,340 combat stance 319 00:16:29,340 --> 00:16:34,000 [Music] 320 00:16:34,000 --> 00:16:37,279 at age 15 ieyasu entered manhood and 321 00:16:37,279 --> 00:16:39,279 earned the right to carry the two swords 322 00:16:39,279 --> 00:16:40,510 of the samurai 323 00:16:40,510 --> 00:16:47,360 [Music] 324 00:16:47,920 --> 00:16:50,920 hathaway 325 00:16:51,600 --> 00:16:53,759 the sword was the symbol of the samurai 326 00:16:53,759 --> 00:16:54,639 class 327 00:16:54,639 --> 00:16:56,480 only in the samurai were authorized to 328 00:16:56,480 --> 00:16:59,600 carry two swords a large one and a small 329 00:16:59,600 --> 00:17:02,959 one the samurai with these two swords 330 00:17:02,959 --> 00:17:06,559 ruled over the farmer in the merchant 331 00:17:07,119 --> 00:17:08,959 you're born into being a samurai it's a 332 00:17:08,959 --> 00:17:10,799 responsibility amongst the 333 00:17:10,799 --> 00:17:12,400 responsibilities of being a summoner i 334 00:17:12,400 --> 00:17:15,119 was always carrying one sword 335 00:17:15,119 --> 00:17:17,359 to use to enact justice 336 00:17:17,359 --> 00:17:18,959 if somebody were rude to you it was your 337 00:17:18,959 --> 00:17:20,480 duty to 338 00:17:20,480 --> 00:17:22,959 kill them 339 00:17:23,280 --> 00:17:24,400 but still 340 00:17:24,400 --> 00:17:26,160 no someone would walk around outside 341 00:17:26,160 --> 00:17:27,439 without a sword 342 00:17:27,439 --> 00:17:29,440 and if they were caught without a sword 343 00:17:29,440 --> 00:17:31,360 they could be punished for not upholding 344 00:17:31,360 --> 00:17:32,020 their duty 345 00:17:32,020 --> 00:17:36,400 [Music] 346 00:17:36,400 --> 00:17:38,480 while the samurai class comprised less 347 00:17:38,480 --> 00:17:40,720 than 10 percent of the population their 348 00:17:40,720 --> 00:17:43,600 presence loomed larger than life 349 00:17:43,600 --> 00:17:45,280 even the missionaries wrote as if the 350 00:17:45,280 --> 00:17:48,960 samurai were the whole of society 351 00:17:48,960 --> 00:17:51,120 they carry a sword and dagger both 352 00:17:51,120 --> 00:17:53,679 inside and outside the house and lay 353 00:17:53,679 --> 00:17:56,160 them at their pillows when they sleep 354 00:17:56,160 --> 00:17:58,240 never in my life have i met people who 355 00:17:58,240 --> 00:18:01,039 rely so much on their arms they are very 356 00:18:01,039 --> 00:18:04,160 warlike and are always involved in wars 357 00:18:04,160 --> 00:18:06,240 and thus the ableist man becomes their 358 00:18:06,240 --> 00:18:09,120 greatest lord 359 00:18:10,559 --> 00:18:12,559 it was not only the men who swore to 360 00:18:12,559 --> 00:18:14,720 uphold this ideal 361 00:18:14,720 --> 00:18:16,640 samurai women were also trained to 362 00:18:16,640 --> 00:18:19,600 protect their family 363 00:18:19,600 --> 00:18:22,880 the most important thing about samurai's 364 00:18:22,880 --> 00:18:25,120 daughters or wives 365 00:18:25,120 --> 00:18:28,480 was never to forget the honor 366 00:18:28,480 --> 00:18:31,600 and the pride as samurai's 367 00:18:31,600 --> 00:18:33,440 daughter 368 00:18:33,440 --> 00:18:36,080 in crisis they would have to be prepared 369 00:18:36,080 --> 00:18:37,919 to kill themselves 370 00:18:37,919 --> 00:18:40,240 rather than be shamed 371 00:18:40,240 --> 00:18:43,840 disgraced by the enemies 372 00:18:58,000 --> 00:19:00,559 the samurai defended his home and family 373 00:19:00,559 --> 00:19:02,240 but his true glory came on the 374 00:19:02,240 --> 00:19:04,720 battlefield defending his lord against 375 00:19:04,720 --> 00:19:07,720 enemies 376 00:19:07,980 --> 00:19:11,099 [Applause] 377 00:19:15,610 --> 00:19:27,120 [Music] 378 00:19:27,120 --> 00:19:30,240 the samurai dressed carefully for combat 379 00:19:30,240 --> 00:19:32,080 the finely stitched fabric and leather 380 00:19:32,080 --> 00:19:34,640 appeared elegant even fragile 381 00:19:34,640 --> 00:19:37,200 unseen were the tightly woven plates of 382 00:19:37,200 --> 00:19:39,840 steel 383 00:19:41,520 --> 00:19:43,440 much like his protective armor a 384 00:19:43,440 --> 00:19:45,760 warrior's refined appearance concealed 385 00:19:45,760 --> 00:19:48,400 his impenetrable inner core 386 00:19:48,400 --> 00:19:50,400 this ethic preserved in writings of the 387 00:19:50,400 --> 00:19:52,640 samurai would prepare the warrior to 388 00:19:52,640 --> 00:19:54,720 meet life and death 389 00:19:54,720 --> 00:19:57,360 with honor 390 00:20:01,200 --> 00:20:03,200 a samurai would wash himself with cold 391 00:20:03,200 --> 00:20:04,960 water every morning 392 00:20:04,960 --> 00:20:06,880 sent the shaven top of his head and hair 393 00:20:06,880 --> 00:20:09,600 with incense to make himself presentable 394 00:20:09,600 --> 00:20:12,000 he was ready to be killed in battle at 395 00:20:12,000 --> 00:20:14,559 any moment 396 00:20:16,480 --> 00:20:18,080 cherry blossoms 397 00:20:18,080 --> 00:20:21,520 are often compared to the samurai 398 00:20:21,520 --> 00:20:23,760 they are a beautiful sight like the 399 00:20:23,760 --> 00:20:26,240 warrior in his shiny armor 400 00:20:26,240 --> 00:20:29,840 but it takes only one big storm for the 401 00:20:29,840 --> 00:20:33,039 petals to fall to the ground 402 00:20:33,039 --> 00:20:37,240 just like the warrior in battle 403 00:20:41,590 --> 00:20:47,989 [Music] 404 00:20:52,320 --> 00:20:54,720 for samurai as important as knowing how 405 00:20:54,720 --> 00:20:57,919 to kill was knowing how and when 406 00:20:57,919 --> 00:21:00,400 to die 407 00:21:01,679 --> 00:21:04,000 in the battlefield especially 408 00:21:04,000 --> 00:21:06,159 your last moment of 409 00:21:06,159 --> 00:21:07,520 life 410 00:21:07,520 --> 00:21:09,840 you have to show your control 411 00:21:09,840 --> 00:21:12,799 the controlling your body controlling 412 00:21:12,799 --> 00:21:13,600 your 413 00:21:13,600 --> 00:21:15,679 destiny faith 414 00:21:15,679 --> 00:21:20,240 is the vindication indication of your 415 00:21:20,240 --> 00:21:22,640 internal strength so it's the last 416 00:21:22,640 --> 00:21:23,600 moment 417 00:21:23,600 --> 00:21:27,520 that you have to stage your death 418 00:21:29,600 --> 00:21:32,400 seppuku or harikiri is the ritual of 419 00:21:32,400 --> 00:21:35,360 suicide as practiced by samurai 420 00:21:35,360 --> 00:21:39,190 [Music] 421 00:21:39,600 --> 00:21:42,240 warrior carried two swords on his hip a 422 00:21:42,240 --> 00:21:44,960 long one and a short one 423 00:21:44,960 --> 00:21:46,960 the short sword was for cutting open his 424 00:21:46,960 --> 00:21:48,080 abdomen 425 00:21:48,080 --> 00:21:50,960 why would a samurai cut open his abdomen 426 00:21:50,960 --> 00:21:53,919 well japanese especially samurai believe 427 00:21:53,919 --> 00:21:56,240 that the heart was in the belly 428 00:21:56,240 --> 00:21:57,840 they believe that whether their heart 429 00:21:57,840 --> 00:22:00,480 was pure or impure would be revealed 430 00:22:00,480 --> 00:22:04,080 when they disemboweled themselves 431 00:22:05,840 --> 00:22:07,919 from the death poem to the final thrust 432 00:22:07,919 --> 00:22:10,480 of the dagger seppuku is a ceremonial 433 00:22:10,480 --> 00:22:13,440 ritual of suicide ensuring an honorable 434 00:22:13,440 --> 00:22:14,020 death 435 00:22:14,020 --> 00:22:22,559 [Music] 436 00:22:22,559 --> 00:22:24,480 joao rodriguez wrote of a man who 437 00:22:24,480 --> 00:22:28,640 committed the ritual of seppuku 438 00:22:30,000 --> 00:22:32,080 the samurai dressed in the customary 439 00:22:32,080 --> 00:22:34,480 white kimono solemnly and with great 440 00:22:34,480 --> 00:22:37,510 dignity mounted a raised platform 441 00:22:37,510 --> 00:22:44,700 [Music] 442 00:22:44,880 --> 00:22:47,120 then in a loud voice he told him to 443 00:22:47,120 --> 00:22:49,280 watch him carefully as he cut himself 444 00:22:49,280 --> 00:22:51,900 open 445 00:22:51,900 --> 00:22:57,520 [Music] 446 00:22:57,520 --> 00:22:59,760 he seated himself and wrote his will 447 00:22:59,760 --> 00:23:01,679 slowly and calmly 448 00:23:01,679 --> 00:23:03,600 asking his lord to look after his son 449 00:23:03,600 --> 00:23:06,000 and family for he was going to die on 450 00:23:06,000 --> 00:23:09,640 account of his honor 451 00:23:13,360 --> 00:23:15,120 he bade farewell 452 00:23:15,120 --> 00:23:16,720 and then in front of them all he 453 00:23:16,720 --> 00:23:19,679 fearlessly cut his belly 454 00:23:19,679 --> 00:23:22,640 and so he died 455 00:23:22,640 --> 00:23:26,760 this sort of thing often happens 456 00:23:27,500 --> 00:23:40,420 [Music] 457 00:23:43,260 --> 00:23:45,760 [Music] 458 00:23:45,760 --> 00:23:48,240 there is timing in everything 459 00:23:48,240 --> 00:23:50,320 timing in strategy cannot be mastered 460 00:23:50,320 --> 00:23:53,070 without a great deal of practice 461 00:23:53,070 --> 00:23:55,200 [Music] 462 00:23:55,200 --> 00:23:57,120 there is timing in the whole life of the 463 00:23:57,120 --> 00:23:58,240 warrior 464 00:23:58,240 --> 00:24:00,640 in his thriving and declining in his 465 00:24:00,640 --> 00:24:03,600 harmony and accord 466 00:24:03,600 --> 00:24:05,600 these are the enduring principles which 467 00:24:05,600 --> 00:24:08,960 guided the life of the samurai warrior 468 00:24:08,960 --> 00:24:10,799 for tokugawa 469 00:24:10,799 --> 00:24:12,880 patient strategizing would become his 470 00:24:12,880 --> 00:24:16,159 most powerful weapon 471 00:24:16,240 --> 00:24:18,720 he was now of age 18 years old and 472 00:24:18,720 --> 00:24:20,880 married with two children but he was 473 00:24:20,880 --> 00:24:23,120 still a hostage of the ruling daimyo 474 00:24:23,120 --> 00:24:26,120 warlord 475 00:24:26,210 --> 00:24:29,430 [Music] 476 00:24:35,440 --> 00:24:37,840 as time passed eeyosu strengthened his 477 00:24:37,840 --> 00:24:40,400 skills as a warrior fighting alongside 478 00:24:40,400 --> 00:24:42,720 his daimyo master 479 00:24:42,720 --> 00:24:44,799 when his master was killed in battle 480 00:24:44,799 --> 00:24:47,520 ieyasu was finally free to determine his 481 00:24:47,520 --> 00:24:50,240 own destiny 482 00:24:52,080 --> 00:24:54,720 yes was put in a position to have to 483 00:24:54,720 --> 00:24:57,360 make a decision at some point 484 00:24:57,360 --> 00:25:00,000 whether to go along with the hostess 485 00:25:00,000 --> 00:25:01,840 family but 486 00:25:01,840 --> 00:25:04,799 at all times he never forgot 487 00:25:04,799 --> 00:25:07,039 his ambition to go back to his original 488 00:25:07,039 --> 00:25:10,159 castle and to regain all the territory 489 00:25:10,159 --> 00:25:12,960 that his father's family had 490 00:25:12,960 --> 00:25:15,120 and to expand that 491 00:25:15,120 --> 00:25:17,440 and to go back to his retainers who were 492 00:25:17,440 --> 00:25:21,799 faithfully waiting for him 493 00:25:30,159 --> 00:25:32,320 hiyasu reclaimed his title as an 494 00:25:32,320 --> 00:25:34,000 independent lord 495 00:25:34,000 --> 00:25:37,159 a daimyo 496 00:25:42,720 --> 00:25:45,520 he returned to his family estate 497 00:25:45,520 --> 00:25:48,080 he could now fight on his own terms for 498 00:25:48,080 --> 00:25:51,200 his own people 499 00:25:52,799 --> 00:25:55,200 i fought against my enemies solely in 500 00:25:55,200 --> 00:25:57,360 order that i might take my revenge on my 501 00:25:57,360 --> 00:25:59,679 father's adversaries 502 00:25:59,679 --> 00:26:01,679 because i was convinced of the rightness 503 00:26:01,679 --> 00:26:04,000 of my intention to help the people and 504 00:26:04,000 --> 00:26:07,120 bring peace to the land 505 00:26:07,200 --> 00:26:09,200 the years of captivity had honed his 506 00:26:09,200 --> 00:26:10,640 discipline 507 00:26:10,640 --> 00:26:12,880 according to his samurai training he now 508 00:26:12,880 --> 00:26:16,480 carefully plotted his strategy 509 00:26:19,440 --> 00:26:22,320 in a crucial move iyasu allied himself 510 00:26:22,320 --> 00:26:23,919 with the man who killed his daimyo 511 00:26:23,919 --> 00:26:26,510 master oda nobunaga 512 00:26:26,510 --> 00:26:31,500 [Music] 513 00:26:32,159 --> 00:26:34,080 nobunaga had become the most powerful 514 00:26:34,080 --> 00:26:35,679 warlord in japan 515 00:26:35,679 --> 00:26:39,559 feared and ruthless 516 00:26:41,919 --> 00:26:44,400 the missionary joao rodriguez documented 517 00:26:44,400 --> 00:26:48,159 nobunaga's campaign to unify japan 518 00:26:48,159 --> 00:26:50,559 nobunaga was the first to begin cutting 519 00:26:50,559 --> 00:26:52,320 through the thick forest of wars and 520 00:26:52,320 --> 00:26:54,559 discord in japan 521 00:26:54,559 --> 00:26:56,799 he subdued about half the country and 522 00:26:56,799 --> 00:26:59,039 fear of him made the remaining part 523 00:26:59,039 --> 00:27:03,480 ready to obey him in anything 524 00:27:06,150 --> 00:27:20,880 [Music] 525 00:27:20,880 --> 00:27:23,279 in the battle of nagashino nobunaga 526 00:27:23,279 --> 00:27:24,799 armed three thousand of his foot 527 00:27:24,799 --> 00:27:29,000 soldiers three ranks deep 528 00:27:29,760 --> 00:27:34,510 [Music] 529 00:27:37,520 --> 00:27:40,480 as ten thousand enemy warriors charged 530 00:27:40,480 --> 00:27:42,480 nobunaga's musketeers fired in 531 00:27:42,480 --> 00:27:43,919 succession 532 00:27:43,919 --> 00:27:47,410 decimating the opposing army 533 00:27:47,410 --> 00:27:53,840 [Music] 534 00:27:53,840 --> 00:27:56,159 nobunaga's innovations in the use of 535 00:27:56,159 --> 00:27:58,559 firearms completely changes the face of 536 00:27:58,559 --> 00:28:00,320 samurai warfare 537 00:28:00,320 --> 00:28:02,880 the old idea was where you would have 538 00:28:02,880 --> 00:28:05,840 two samurai meet on the field of battle 539 00:28:05,840 --> 00:28:07,600 they would shout out their names and 540 00:28:07,600 --> 00:28:10,080 their lineages where they were from uh 541 00:28:10,080 --> 00:28:11,760 sometimes one would ride out in front of 542 00:28:11,760 --> 00:28:13,760 all these troops and and challenge 543 00:28:13,760 --> 00:28:17,440 someone to come and defeat him 544 00:28:17,440 --> 00:28:19,520 so it was it was very manly it was 545 00:28:19,520 --> 00:28:22,730 imbued with the ideal of valor 546 00:28:22,730 --> 00:28:28,080 [Music] 547 00:28:28,080 --> 00:28:31,600 now you have faceless ranks of samurai 548 00:28:31,600 --> 00:28:35,450 shooting other faceless ranks of samurai 549 00:28:35,450 --> 00:28:38,559 [Music] 550 00:28:38,720 --> 00:28:41,760 nobunaga continued to amass power 551 00:28:41,760 --> 00:28:43,760 until one night treachery within his 552 00:28:43,760 --> 00:28:45,680 inner circle caught him off guard 553 00:28:45,680 --> 00:28:48,859 [Music] 554 00:28:52,559 --> 00:28:55,200 a missionary was nearby 555 00:28:55,200 --> 00:28:57,039 some christians came just as i was 556 00:28:57,039 --> 00:28:59,440 vesting to say an early mass and told me 557 00:28:59,440 --> 00:29:01,440 to wait because there was a commotion in 558 00:29:01,440 --> 00:29:03,679 front of the palace 559 00:29:03,679 --> 00:29:06,320 we'd once began to hear musket shots and 560 00:29:06,320 --> 00:29:08,000 see flames 561 00:29:08,000 --> 00:29:10,320 we learned that it had not been a brawl 562 00:29:10,320 --> 00:29:12,000 but that one of his generals had turned 563 00:29:12,000 --> 00:29:14,480 traitor 564 00:29:16,480 --> 00:29:18,720 some say he cut his belly while others 565 00:29:18,720 --> 00:29:20,559 believe that he set fire to the palace 566 00:29:20,559 --> 00:29:22,799 and perished in the flames 567 00:29:22,799 --> 00:29:25,120 what we do know however is that of this 568 00:29:25,120 --> 00:29:27,760 man who made everyone trembled not only 569 00:29:27,760 --> 00:29:29,600 at the sound of his voice but at the 570 00:29:29,600 --> 00:29:31,279 mention of his name 571 00:29:31,279 --> 00:29:33,760 there did not remain even a small hair 572 00:29:33,760 --> 00:29:36,080 which was not reduced to dust 573 00:29:36,080 --> 00:29:39,320 and ashes 574 00:29:40,880 --> 00:29:43,440 as the flames burned nobunaga's loyal 575 00:29:43,440 --> 00:29:46,080 general toyotomi hideyoshi seized the 576 00:29:46,080 --> 00:29:46,610 moment 577 00:29:46,610 --> 00:29:50,000 [Music] 578 00:29:50,000 --> 00:29:51,840 hideyoshi immediately 579 00:29:51,840 --> 00:29:54,640 springs into action murdering 580 00:29:54,640 --> 00:29:56,640 the murderer of his own lord which then 581 00:29:56,640 --> 00:29:58,799 gives him the the right in essence to 582 00:29:58,799 --> 00:30:01,600 claim leadership of nobunaga's vast 583 00:30:01,600 --> 00:30:04,900 coalition of armies 584 00:30:04,900 --> 00:30:12,799 [Music] 585 00:30:12,799 --> 00:30:16,640 he also watched from a distance 586 00:30:16,799 --> 00:30:18,399 would he subordinate himself to 587 00:30:18,399 --> 00:30:20,720 hideyoshi's command 588 00:30:20,720 --> 00:30:24,510 or was it time to fight for control 589 00:30:24,510 --> 00:30:37,729 [Music] 590 00:30:41,679 --> 00:30:43,279 these were the men who would bring an 591 00:30:43,279 --> 00:30:46,559 end to the brutal civil wars 592 00:30:46,559 --> 00:30:48,640 they would go down in history as the 593 00:30:48,640 --> 00:30:50,399 unifiers 594 00:30:50,399 --> 00:30:52,480 there's a story in japanese that 595 00:30:52,480 --> 00:30:53,760 explains 596 00:30:53,760 --> 00:30:56,000 the character of the three unifiers and 597 00:30:56,000 --> 00:30:58,640 nobunaga hideyoshi and ieyasu are 598 00:30:58,640 --> 00:31:00,799 watching a cuckoo bird waiting for it to 599 00:31:00,799 --> 00:31:03,279 sing but the bird doesn't sing 600 00:31:03,279 --> 00:31:04,960 and nobunaga says 601 00:31:04,960 --> 00:31:07,200 little bird if you don't sing i will 602 00:31:07,200 --> 00:31:09,440 kill you 603 00:31:09,440 --> 00:31:11,519 and hideyoshi says little bird if you 604 00:31:11,519 --> 00:31:15,440 don't sing i'll make you sing 605 00:31:15,519 --> 00:31:18,000 and he asa says little bird if you don't 606 00:31:18,000 --> 00:31:20,399 sing i'll wait for you to sing 607 00:31:20,399 --> 00:31:21,919 and iayasu 608 00:31:21,919 --> 00:31:25,120 is a patient strategist who will wait 609 00:31:25,120 --> 00:31:25,919 for 610 00:31:25,919 --> 00:31:29,279 things to go his way and then he'll act 611 00:31:29,279 --> 00:31:31,919 after nobunaga's death ieyasu and 612 00:31:31,919 --> 00:31:34,320 hideyoshi faced off in a measured game 613 00:31:34,320 --> 00:31:35,760 of strategy 614 00:31:35,760 --> 00:31:37,919 each in his own way trying to outsmart 615 00:31:37,919 --> 00:31:39,200 the other 616 00:31:39,200 --> 00:31:42,200 dude 617 00:31:48,559 --> 00:31:50,880 was a courageous man who never hesitated 618 00:31:50,880 --> 00:31:52,320 in battle 619 00:31:52,320 --> 00:31:54,640 however though he was brave he was also 620 00:31:54,640 --> 00:31:56,640 cautious 621 00:31:56,640 --> 00:31:58,399 one famous story 622 00:31:58,399 --> 00:32:01,279 yasu was known as an excellent horseman 623 00:32:01,279 --> 00:32:03,200 one day he and his troops had to cross a 624 00:32:03,200 --> 00:32:06,000 very narrow bridge over a raging river 625 00:32:06,000 --> 00:32:07,760 everyone was watching to see how the 626 00:32:07,760 --> 00:32:09,679 great ieyasu would ride his horse over 627 00:32:09,679 --> 00:32:11,679 this dangerous bridge 628 00:32:11,679 --> 00:32:13,440 to his men's surprise 629 00:32:13,440 --> 00:32:15,279 eyasu dismounted 630 00:32:15,279 --> 00:32:17,120 took the horse's reins in his hands and 631 00:32:17,120 --> 00:32:19,039 carefully led the horse over the bridge 632 00:32:19,039 --> 00:32:21,519 to the other side of the river 633 00:32:21,519 --> 00:32:24,399 that's how vigilant he was 634 00:32:24,399 --> 00:32:26,320 i believe this kind of caution helped 635 00:32:26,320 --> 00:32:30,100 him to be victorious in battle 636 00:32:30,100 --> 00:32:31,760 [Music] 637 00:32:31,760 --> 00:32:33,919 while iayasu practiced restraint and 638 00:32:33,919 --> 00:32:35,760 careful strategizing 639 00:32:35,760 --> 00:32:40,640 hideyoshi acted quickly and decisively 640 00:32:41,279 --> 00:32:43,919 hideyoshi was from peasant stock the son 641 00:32:43,919 --> 00:32:45,840 of a lowly foot soldier he worked his 642 00:32:45,840 --> 00:32:48,720 way up through the ranks 643 00:32:48,720 --> 00:32:50,640 hideyoshi became known as a brilliant 644 00:32:50,640 --> 00:32:52,880 general and he held the same grand 645 00:32:52,880 --> 00:32:55,279 vision of himself 646 00:32:55,279 --> 00:32:57,360 when my mother conceived me she was 647 00:32:57,360 --> 00:33:00,159 given a miraculous omen 648 00:33:00,159 --> 00:33:02,480 on the very night that i was born the 649 00:33:02,480 --> 00:33:05,120 room was suddenly aglow with sunlight 650 00:33:05,120 --> 00:33:07,360 thus changing night to day 651 00:33:07,360 --> 00:33:09,840 finally they divined the child whose 652 00:33:09,840 --> 00:33:12,399 birth was attended by these miracles was 653 00:33:12,399 --> 00:33:14,880 destined to become a man of unusual 654 00:33:14,880 --> 00:33:17,039 attainments 655 00:33:17,039 --> 00:33:21,200 this prediction is fulfilled in me 656 00:33:21,200 --> 00:33:23,679 shortly after hideyoshi took control 657 00:33:23,679 --> 00:33:26,640 ieyasu challenged him 658 00:33:26,640 --> 00:33:28,960 but ieyasu soon realized there was more 659 00:33:28,960 --> 00:33:32,159 to be gained as hideyoshi's ally than as 660 00:33:32,159 --> 00:33:34,900 his enemy 661 00:33:34,900 --> 00:33:44,559 [Music] 662 00:33:44,559 --> 00:33:47,519 hideyoshi rewarded iasu for his loyalty 663 00:33:47,519 --> 00:33:50,159 with a vast domain of land and ordered 664 00:33:50,159 --> 00:33:51,519 him to make his headquarters in the 665 00:33:51,519 --> 00:33:54,480 remote fishing village of edo 300 miles 666 00:33:54,480 --> 00:33:57,210 east of hideyoshi's castle in osaka 667 00:33:57,210 --> 00:34:00,499 [Music] 668 00:34:03,760 --> 00:34:05,039 some might have thought the gift an 669 00:34:05,039 --> 00:34:06,399 insult 670 00:34:06,399 --> 00:34:08,480 but in edo the village that would later 671 00:34:08,480 --> 00:34:11,599 become tokyo ieyasu busied his troops 672 00:34:11,599 --> 00:34:13,760 building a massive five-story castle 673 00:34:13,760 --> 00:34:16,340 fortification 674 00:34:16,340 --> 00:34:19,449 [Music] 675 00:34:22,090 --> 00:34:45,290 [Music] 676 00:34:47,839 --> 00:34:50,399 within the walls of the city of osaka 677 00:34:50,399 --> 00:34:52,719 hideyoshi was consumed with fortifying 678 00:34:52,719 --> 00:34:55,678 his own castle 679 00:34:58,079 --> 00:34:59,920 reputed to be the most impregnable 680 00:34:59,920 --> 00:35:02,480 fortress of its time it was also one of 681 00:35:02,480 --> 00:35:04,430 the most ostentatious 682 00:35:04,430 --> 00:35:08,800 [Music] 683 00:35:08,800 --> 00:35:11,599 osaka castle had a strategic location 684 00:35:11,599 --> 00:35:14,839 close to the emperor's palace in nearby 685 00:35:14,839 --> 00:35:17,680 kyoto for centuries the emperor had 686 00:35:17,680 --> 00:35:20,640 remained a ruler in name only ignored by 687 00:35:20,640 --> 00:35:23,359 those who truly held power 688 00:35:23,359 --> 00:35:25,359 he wilded away his days with court 689 00:35:25,359 --> 00:35:30,000 gossip calligraphy and poetry 690 00:35:30,000 --> 00:35:33,599 by iaso's time the court is still 691 00:35:33,599 --> 00:35:35,440 powerless but 692 00:35:35,440 --> 00:35:38,079 it is only the court which can appoint 693 00:35:38,079 --> 00:35:39,440 the shogun 694 00:35:39,440 --> 00:35:42,240 so in the ultimate symbolic sense 695 00:35:42,240 --> 00:35:44,560 the court is still the arbiter of final 696 00:35:44,560 --> 00:35:45,599 resort 697 00:35:45,599 --> 00:35:48,160 that's why all the warlords are aiming 698 00:35:48,160 --> 00:35:50,720 for kyoto you have to get the emperor to 699 00:35:50,720 --> 00:35:53,440 recognize that you're the most powerful 700 00:35:53,440 --> 00:35:56,079 of all of the combatants on the field of 701 00:35:56,079 --> 00:35:59,079 battle 702 00:36:03,359 --> 00:36:05,760 hideyoshi curried the emperor's favor 703 00:36:05,760 --> 00:36:07,680 inviting him to no plays and musical 704 00:36:07,680 --> 00:36:10,400 performances 705 00:36:10,560 --> 00:36:12,320 but the emperor would not grant this 706 00:36:12,320 --> 00:36:14,720 warrior of peasant stock the title of 707 00:36:14,720 --> 00:36:17,200 shogun 708 00:36:20,560 --> 00:36:23,040 ieyasu never relinquished his desire for 709 00:36:23,040 --> 00:36:24,240 power 710 00:36:24,240 --> 00:36:25,839 he offered the emperor more than 711 00:36:25,839 --> 00:36:28,480 invitations he arranged the marriage of 712 00:36:28,480 --> 00:36:29,920 one of his granddaughters to the 713 00:36:29,920 --> 00:36:32,720 emperor's son 714 00:36:32,720 --> 00:36:34,800 all of the lords in japan used family to 715 00:36:34,800 --> 00:36:36,320 cement political alliances you would 716 00:36:36,320 --> 00:36:39,520 marry off daughters or marry off sons 717 00:36:39,520 --> 00:36:42,240 what ieyasu did in particular was have 718 00:36:42,240 --> 00:36:44,640 an abundance of sons that he could use 719 00:36:44,640 --> 00:36:47,839 he could set them up to support his 720 00:36:47,839 --> 00:36:50,640 nascent government he could set them up 721 00:36:50,640 --> 00:36:53,119 as independent military lords that he 722 00:36:53,119 --> 00:36:55,200 could then call upon 723 00:36:55,200 --> 00:36:57,680 for help 724 00:36:58,960 --> 00:37:01,920 in contrast iasu's rival hideyoshi 725 00:37:01,920 --> 00:37:05,520 failed to produce a male heir 726 00:37:05,920 --> 00:37:08,160 finally he adopted a nephew and groomed 727 00:37:08,160 --> 00:37:11,440 him as his successor 728 00:37:11,520 --> 00:37:13,920 then at 60 years of age hideyoshi 729 00:37:13,920 --> 00:37:16,160 finally fathered a son of his own 730 00:37:16,160 --> 00:37:18,480 he called him hideyori and he was the 731 00:37:18,480 --> 00:37:20,960 jewel of his life 732 00:37:20,960 --> 00:37:23,119 hideyoshi's thoughts now turn to the 733 00:37:23,119 --> 00:37:26,400 safety and survival of his young son 734 00:37:26,400 --> 00:37:29,520 i cannot describe the endless tdm 735 00:37:29,520 --> 00:37:31,920 as if i were guarding an empty house 736 00:37:31,920 --> 00:37:35,040 when hidiori is not here with me 737 00:37:35,040 --> 00:37:36,480 i say again 738 00:37:36,480 --> 00:37:38,480 strictly order that all be vigilant 739 00:37:38,480 --> 00:37:40,079 against fire 740 00:37:40,079 --> 00:37:41,920 each night have someone make the rounds 741 00:37:41,920 --> 00:37:44,960 of the rooms two or three times 742 00:37:44,960 --> 00:37:47,839 as hideyoshi obsessed over his own son 743 00:37:47,839 --> 00:37:50,400 his adopted son now an adult 744 00:37:50,400 --> 00:37:52,079 was in peril 745 00:37:52,079 --> 00:37:53,520 it's clear that by the end of his life 746 00:37:53,520 --> 00:37:55,440 hideyoshi was acting more and more 747 00:37:55,440 --> 00:37:56,880 erratically 748 00:37:56,880 --> 00:37:59,599 he became increasingly cruel if not 749 00:37:59,599 --> 00:38:00,880 sadistic 750 00:38:00,880 --> 00:38:03,520 then when he finally in his final years 751 00:38:03,520 --> 00:38:06,480 produced an heir of his own he ordered 752 00:38:06,480 --> 00:38:09,040 this adult male who had been his heir to 753 00:38:09,040 --> 00:38:11,839 commit suicide 754 00:38:11,840 --> 00:38:13,200 [Music] 755 00:38:13,200 --> 00:38:15,599 hideyoshi then ordered his adopted son's 756 00:38:15,599 --> 00:38:19,839 entire family put to death 757 00:38:21,280 --> 00:38:23,680 a missionary recounted 758 00:38:23,680 --> 00:38:25,440 they were drawn along the streets in the 759 00:38:25,440 --> 00:38:26,400 carts 760 00:38:26,400 --> 00:38:28,480 the open view of the world 761 00:38:28,480 --> 00:38:30,720 thirty-one ladies and gentlemen 762 00:38:30,720 --> 00:38:32,560 with the two sons and one daughter of 763 00:38:32,560 --> 00:38:34,160 his adopted son 764 00:38:34,160 --> 00:38:35,920 the oldest of whom was not more than 765 00:38:35,920 --> 00:38:37,920 five years old 766 00:38:37,920 --> 00:38:40,240 all their bodies were thrown into a pit 767 00:38:40,240 --> 00:38:41,920 over which was built a little chapel 768 00:38:41,920 --> 00:38:44,800 with a tomb in it with this inscription 769 00:38:44,800 --> 00:38:48,720 the tomb of the traitors 770 00:38:51,270 --> 00:38:54,579 [Applause] 771 00:38:56,640 --> 00:38:59,119 soon after hideyoshi's health began to 772 00:38:59,119 --> 00:39:00,560 fail 773 00:39:00,560 --> 00:39:02,880 he wrote his death poem 774 00:39:02,880 --> 00:39:04,079 ah 775 00:39:04,079 --> 00:39:06,480 as the dew i fall 776 00:39:06,480 --> 00:39:09,119 as the dew i vanish 777 00:39:09,119 --> 00:39:11,359 even osaka fortress 778 00:39:11,359 --> 00:39:15,720 is a dream within a dream 779 00:39:15,760 --> 00:39:18,400 hideyoshi then called iayasu and four of 780 00:39:18,400 --> 00:39:21,119 the most powerful daimyo to his deathbed 781 00:39:21,119 --> 00:39:23,040 he appointed them legal protectors of 782 00:39:23,040 --> 00:39:26,160 his five-year-old son hidayori his heir 783 00:39:26,160 --> 00:39:28,440 and the future ruler of japan 784 00:39:28,440 --> 00:39:37,440 [Music] 785 00:39:37,440 --> 00:39:39,680 hiyasu pledged to protect the boy with 786 00:39:39,680 --> 00:39:41,839 his own life 787 00:39:41,839 --> 00:39:44,320 pledge that would become very difficult 788 00:39:44,320 --> 00:39:47,480 to keep 789 00:40:04,370 --> 00:40:07,119 [Music] 790 00:40:07,119 --> 00:40:09,599 it is said that war is a curse 791 00:40:09,599 --> 00:40:11,599 it is resorted to only when it is 792 00:40:11,599 --> 00:40:13,359 inevitable 793 00:40:13,359 --> 00:40:15,760 however in time of peace 794 00:40:15,760 --> 00:40:17,520 do not forget the possibility of 795 00:40:17,520 --> 00:40:20,400 disturbances 796 00:40:20,800 --> 00:40:23,839 iayasu was on guard 797 00:40:23,839 --> 00:40:25,839 those daimyo who feared his growing 798 00:40:25,839 --> 00:40:28,820 power began to plot against him 799 00:40:28,820 --> 00:40:31,359 [Applause] 800 00:40:31,359 --> 00:40:34,000 yeah's territory now extended throughout 801 00:40:34,000 --> 00:40:36,240 most of japan 802 00:40:36,240 --> 00:40:37,920 he was determined to maintain his 803 00:40:37,920 --> 00:40:41,280 holdings and expand his base of power 804 00:40:41,280 --> 00:40:43,920 one of eas's nicknames is the old badger 805 00:40:43,920 --> 00:40:46,480 and it reflects his craftiness 806 00:40:46,480 --> 00:40:50,480 as well as his famed ability to wait 807 00:40:50,480 --> 00:40:52,880 and he waits until after hideyoshi is 808 00:40:52,880 --> 00:40:55,040 dead until he has a clear preponderance 809 00:40:55,040 --> 00:40:56,240 of power 810 00:40:56,240 --> 00:40:58,640 and then makes his move uh to become the 811 00:40:58,640 --> 00:41:02,480 dominant military leader in japan 812 00:41:04,319 --> 00:41:08,240 ieyasu mobilized his troops 813 00:41:08,720 --> 00:41:10,880 he sent one division to ogaki castle 814 00:41:10,880 --> 00:41:14,400 where his enemies were gathering 815 00:41:17,599 --> 00:41:19,920 when the battle began women and children 816 00:41:19,920 --> 00:41:21,839 rushed to safety 817 00:41:21,839 --> 00:41:24,400 iayasu sent a large force to lay siege 818 00:41:24,400 --> 00:41:26,480 to the castle 819 00:41:26,480 --> 00:41:28,000 and they fought 820 00:41:28,000 --> 00:41:31,040 day and night 821 00:41:31,040 --> 00:41:32,960 one of the young girls at the castle 822 00:41:32,960 --> 00:41:35,440 later told her family of the terrifying 823 00:41:35,440 --> 00:41:37,200 experience 824 00:41:37,200 --> 00:41:39,359 mothers concubines and daughters all 825 00:41:39,359 --> 00:41:43,119 stayed in the tower and cast bullets 826 00:41:46,240 --> 00:41:47,599 there was panel 827 00:41:47,599 --> 00:41:50,000 a bullet struck my younger brother 828 00:41:50,000 --> 00:41:52,160 killing him on the spot 829 00:41:52,160 --> 00:41:56,400 it was a cruel sight indeed it was 830 00:41:56,400 --> 00:41:58,880 we felt as if we should die 831 00:41:58,880 --> 00:42:01,040 there was nothing but fear and horror 832 00:42:01,040 --> 00:42:03,119 left 833 00:42:03,119 --> 00:42:05,599 as the battle wore on heads of slain 834 00:42:05,599 --> 00:42:07,280 warriors were brought to the castle to 835 00:42:07,280 --> 00:42:09,520 be prepared for the ritual presentation 836 00:42:09,520 --> 00:42:11,920 to the victor 837 00:42:11,920 --> 00:42:14,240 it was believed that even in death the 838 00:42:14,240 --> 00:42:16,319 samurai should be viewed as a worthy 839 00:42:16,319 --> 00:42:18,800 opponent 840 00:42:18,880 --> 00:42:21,599 those people who are in the castle would 841 00:42:21,599 --> 00:42:23,760 wash the heads and they'll put some 842 00:42:23,760 --> 00:42:26,160 cosmetics on the face of the dead 843 00:42:26,160 --> 00:42:27,359 corpses 844 00:42:27,359 --> 00:42:30,800 because they were proof of having killed 845 00:42:30,800 --> 00:42:32,480 someone important 846 00:42:32,480 --> 00:42:35,359 that was part of the very small part of 847 00:42:35,359 --> 00:42:39,200 what they did which is inconceivable 848 00:42:39,200 --> 00:42:41,839 to you know us modern people more than 849 00:42:41,839 --> 00:42:42,350 women 850 00:42:42,350 --> 00:42:43,760 [Music] 851 00:42:43,760 --> 00:42:45,839 all the decapitated heads were brought 852 00:42:45,839 --> 00:42:47,520 into the tower 853 00:42:47,520 --> 00:42:49,359 we weren't a bit afraid of the heads and 854 00:42:49,359 --> 00:42:51,440 used to sleep in the midst of the nasty 855 00:42:51,440 --> 00:42:55,640 smell of bloody heads 856 00:43:00,480 --> 00:43:03,200 victorious at ogaki castle ieyasu's 857 00:43:03,200 --> 00:43:05,599 troops now pursued the rebellious daimyo 858 00:43:05,599 --> 00:43:08,400 and their armies 859 00:43:11,440 --> 00:43:13,839 they faced off in a narrow valley just 860 00:43:13,839 --> 00:43:17,760 west of the village of sekigahara 861 00:43:18,400 --> 00:43:20,319 this would be the battle that changed 862 00:43:20,319 --> 00:43:24,599 the course of japanese history 863 00:43:26,880 --> 00:43:29,359 ieyasu set up his command post atop a 864 00:43:29,359 --> 00:43:31,599 hill overlooking the valley 865 00:43:31,599 --> 00:43:33,280 waiting through the night for the rest 866 00:43:33,280 --> 00:43:35,630 of his armies to arrive 867 00:43:35,630 --> 00:43:39,189 [Music] 868 00:43:39,440 --> 00:43:42,079 at dawn iaosu's attendant physician 869 00:43:42,079 --> 00:43:44,560 hastily noted in his journal 870 00:43:44,560 --> 00:43:46,720 slight rain 871 00:43:46,720 --> 00:43:49,440 dense fog in the mountain valley 872 00:43:49,440 --> 00:43:51,119 can't see 873 00:43:51,119 --> 00:43:54,560 barely made out enemy banners 874 00:43:54,560 --> 00:43:56,960 on horseback lord iayatsu made out their 875 00:43:56,960 --> 00:43:59,839 positions estimate distance at two and a 876 00:43:59,839 --> 00:44:01,599 half miles 877 00:44:01,599 --> 00:44:03,599 iayasu was outnumbered 878 00:44:03,599 --> 00:44:06,160 with only 50 000 troops challenging his 879 00:44:06,160 --> 00:44:09,040 enemies 80 thousand 880 00:44:09,040 --> 00:44:10,880 he waited for his son to arrive with 881 00:44:10,880 --> 00:44:13,760 reinforcements 882 00:44:17,040 --> 00:44:18,880 but at eight in the morning the fog 883 00:44:18,880 --> 00:44:21,040 suddenly lifted and the two opposing 884 00:44:21,040 --> 00:44:23,119 armies found themselves within striking 885 00:44:23,119 --> 00:44:25,520 distance 886 00:44:25,920 --> 00:44:28,880 ieyasu could wait no more 887 00:44:28,880 --> 00:44:31,280 rallying his troops it was said he sent 888 00:44:31,280 --> 00:44:34,319 them forward with his famous battle cry 889 00:44:34,319 --> 00:44:36,319 there are only two ways to come back 890 00:44:36,319 --> 00:44:38,079 from the battlefield 891 00:44:38,079 --> 00:44:40,319 with the head of an enemy or without 892 00:44:40,319 --> 00:44:43,340 your own 893 00:44:43,340 --> 00:44:48,909 [Music] 894 00:44:51,090 --> 00:45:04,079 [Music] 895 00:45:04,079 --> 00:45:06,480 ieyasu watched as his troops faced what 896 00:45:06,480 --> 00:45:10,920 seemed insurmountable odds 897 00:45:14,600 --> 00:45:19,060 [Music] 898 00:45:21,760 --> 00:45:25,200 then suddenly the tide turned 899 00:45:25,200 --> 00:45:27,520 several enemy daimyo and their armies 900 00:45:27,520 --> 00:45:30,160 convinced of iasu's ultimate victory 901 00:45:30,160 --> 00:45:34,800 defected and joined iayasu's forces 902 00:45:34,800 --> 00:45:36,160 [Music] 903 00:45:36,160 --> 00:45:39,440 by 2pm iasu's troops had defeated the 904 00:45:39,440 --> 00:45:42,400 rebellious army 905 00:45:50,720 --> 00:45:52,640 brought an end to the warring states and 906 00:45:52,640 --> 00:45:55,280 signaled the beginning of a new era 907 00:45:55,280 --> 00:45:57,599 that's the significance of the battle of 908 00:45:57,599 --> 00:45:59,000 sekigahara 909 00:45:59,000 --> 00:46:02,480 [Music] 910 00:46:02,480 --> 00:46:05,119 in recognition of ieyasu's power the 911 00:46:05,119 --> 00:46:07,920 emperor awarded him the title of shogun 912 00:46:07,920 --> 00:46:12,079 the barbarian subduing generalissimo 913 00:46:12,079 --> 00:46:15,040 tokugawa ieyasu now had the authority to 914 00:46:15,040 --> 00:46:19,599 rule japan in all military matters 915 00:46:22,960 --> 00:46:25,520 he ruled unchallenged but always there 916 00:46:25,520 --> 00:46:27,760 was the specter of hideyoshi's young son 917 00:46:27,760 --> 00:46:31,520 hideori growing up in osaka castle 918 00:46:31,520 --> 00:46:33,680 ieyasu had sworn with his life to 919 00:46:33,680 --> 00:46:35,839 protect the boy the boy who could 920 00:46:35,839 --> 00:46:42,040 someday lay claim to all iyeasu had won 921 00:46:48,400 --> 00:46:50,400 as the young boy hideori approached 922 00:46:50,400 --> 00:46:53,200 manhood a daimyo warned 923 00:46:53,200 --> 00:46:56,560 although he is 924 00:46:56,560 --> 00:46:59,040 would never let him rule japan 925 00:46:59,040 --> 00:47:01,200 sooner or later some ambitious character 926 00:47:01,200 --> 00:47:04,240 will ferment rebellion in his name 927 00:47:04,240 --> 00:47:06,400 and even if hirayori knows nothing about 928 00:47:06,400 --> 00:47:08,960 it he will be blamed and forced to 929 00:47:08,960 --> 00:47:10,480 commit suicide 930 00:47:10,480 --> 00:47:14,400 to the grief of hideyoshi's ghost 931 00:47:15,599 --> 00:47:17,920 now the tokugawas had no divine right to 932 00:47:17,920 --> 00:47:19,280 rule japan 933 00:47:19,280 --> 00:47:21,440 they ruled japan because they were the 934 00:47:21,440 --> 00:47:22,800 most powerful 935 00:47:22,800 --> 00:47:24,720 they had the most money they had the 936 00:47:24,720 --> 00:47:26,640 most soldiers but they had no divine 937 00:47:26,640 --> 00:47:28,720 right and there were many other powerful 938 00:47:28,720 --> 00:47:31,119 daimyo especially in the west the 939 00:47:31,119 --> 00:47:32,720 christian daimyo 940 00:47:32,720 --> 00:47:33,680 and so 941 00:47:33,680 --> 00:47:36,000 if there were any philosophy any 942 00:47:36,000 --> 00:47:38,160 political 943 00:47:38,160 --> 00:47:40,160 movement that would bring these daimyo 944 00:47:40,160 --> 00:47:42,319 together as a coalition against the 945 00:47:42,319 --> 00:47:45,440 tokugawa family that was very dangerous 946 00:47:45,440 --> 00:47:46,880 tokugawa 947 00:47:46,880 --> 00:47:49,760 tolerated no dissent he expelled many of 948 00:47:49,760 --> 00:47:51,920 the foreign missionaries including joao 949 00:47:51,920 --> 00:47:54,640 rodriguez 950 00:47:56,079 --> 00:47:57,760 yasuo wanted to 951 00:47:57,760 --> 00:48:00,960 clear the board of all these foreign 952 00:48:00,960 --> 00:48:02,960 influences which were just muddying the 953 00:48:02,960 --> 00:48:06,800 waters making life more complicated 954 00:48:06,800 --> 00:48:08,800 he even ordered all christian activity 955 00:48:08,800 --> 00:48:10,960 among the japanese halted 956 00:48:10,960 --> 00:48:13,040 but still he faced the only true threat 957 00:48:13,040 --> 00:48:16,150 to his power the young hideori 958 00:48:16,150 --> 00:48:18,559 [Music] 959 00:48:18,559 --> 00:48:20,480 by the time he reaches adulthood 960 00:48:20,480 --> 00:48:22,800 hidiori can no longer be ignored by 961 00:48:22,800 --> 00:48:25,119 ieyasu he's a threat simply because he 962 00:48:25,119 --> 00:48:28,000 exists he is the legitimate heir of 963 00:48:28,000 --> 00:48:30,000 hideyoshi 964 00:48:30,000 --> 00:48:32,800 ieyasu is supposed to be supporting him 965 00:48:32,800 --> 00:48:35,760 until he until he becomes an adult 966 00:48:35,760 --> 00:48:36,720 and 967 00:48:36,720 --> 00:48:39,839 he poses an intrinsic threat to the 968 00:48:39,839 --> 00:48:43,440 legitimacy of the tokugawa shogunate 969 00:48:43,440 --> 00:48:46,079 ieyasu came to but one conclusion he 970 00:48:46,079 --> 00:48:48,079 could no longer honor his pledge to a 971 00:48:48,079 --> 00:48:51,520 dead ally to protect his son 972 00:48:51,520 --> 00:48:54,160 he i also decided to go into battle once 973 00:48:54,160 --> 00:48:56,480 more 974 00:48:56,480 --> 00:48:58,240 it was obviously going to be another 975 00:48:58,240 --> 00:48:59,920 showdown 976 00:48:59,920 --> 00:49:02,880 and the many many many samurai in their 977 00:49:02,880 --> 00:49:04,480 thousands 978 00:49:04,480 --> 00:49:08,480 and these were hard bitten warriors 979 00:49:08,960 --> 00:49:12,240 they still owed loyalty to hideyoshi's 980 00:49:12,240 --> 00:49:14,319 family and of course they owed just as 981 00:49:14,319 --> 00:49:17,839 much royalty to his son 982 00:49:17,920 --> 00:49:20,240 so they gathered in osaka castle and 983 00:49:20,240 --> 00:49:23,680 osaka was a very very very strong castle 984 00:49:23,680 --> 00:49:27,720 it was considered impregnable 985 00:49:30,130 --> 00:49:46,039 [Music] 986 00:49:47,040 --> 00:49:50,400 in the winter of 1614 ieyasu accused 987 00:49:50,400 --> 00:49:53,040 hideori of subversion and ordered his 988 00:49:53,040 --> 00:49:57,600 troops to advance against osaka castle 989 00:49:57,600 --> 00:50:04,710 [Music] 990 00:50:04,710 --> 00:50:06,000 [Applause] 991 00:50:06,000 --> 00:50:09,520 hidiori's supporters nearly 100 000 held 992 00:50:09,520 --> 00:50:12,520 strong 993 00:50:20,480 --> 00:50:22,880 retaliated with a devious plan 994 00:50:22,880 --> 00:50:25,040 he sent a woman samurai to negotiate a 995 00:50:25,040 --> 00:50:28,430 truce with hidiori's mother 996 00:50:28,430 --> 00:50:31,560 [Music] 997 00:50:34,160 --> 00:50:36,480 ieyasu offered a safe haven for 998 00:50:36,480 --> 00:50:39,440 hideori's garrison if in return he 999 00:50:39,440 --> 00:50:41,520 agreed not to mount further rebellion 1000 00:50:41,520 --> 00:50:45,040 against ieyasu's rule 1001 00:50:45,280 --> 00:50:48,000 to prove his intentions easy signed the 1002 00:50:48,000 --> 00:50:49,420 pledge in blood 1003 00:50:49,420 --> 00:50:52,559 [Music] 1004 00:50:52,559 --> 00:50:54,800 hideori's mother convinced her son to 1005 00:50:54,800 --> 00:50:57,839 accept the offer 1006 00:50:59,359 --> 00:51:03,280 yayasu's ploy had worked 1007 00:51:05,839 --> 00:51:08,880 as soon as the fighting stopped iayasu 1008 00:51:08,880 --> 00:51:11,280 began to fill in the moots of osaka 1009 00:51:11,280 --> 00:51:12,960 castle the deep notes 1010 00:51:12,960 --> 00:51:14,400 and the people in the osago castle 1011 00:51:14,400 --> 00:51:15,920 protested a lot that was not in the 1012 00:51:15,920 --> 00:51:17,599 agreement but 1013 00:51:17,599 --> 00:51:19,440 that didn't matter they filled in the 1014 00:51:19,440 --> 00:51:20,720 moats 1015 00:51:20,720 --> 00:51:23,520 and once the moats were filled in then 1016 00:51:23,520 --> 00:51:26,000 yayasu's troops would storm into the 1017 00:51:26,000 --> 00:51:27,760 castle 1018 00:51:27,760 --> 00:51:31,720 and there was a dreadful slaughter 1019 00:51:36,100 --> 00:51:55,760 [Music] 1020 00:51:55,760 --> 00:51:58,319 thousands of defeated soldiers women and 1021 00:51:58,319 --> 00:52:02,760 children fled the castle compound 1022 00:52:03,560 --> 00:52:06,400 [Music] 1023 00:52:06,400 --> 00:52:08,640 a european merchant recorded the event 1024 00:52:08,640 --> 00:52:10,319 in his journal 1025 00:52:10,319 --> 00:52:12,800 we had news today that dear yasu hath 1026 00:52:12,800 --> 00:52:15,200 taken the fortress of osaka and 1027 00:52:15,200 --> 00:52:19,680 overthrown the forces of hiding 1028 00:52:19,680 --> 00:52:22,079 they say the taking of this fortress 1029 00:52:22,079 --> 00:52:26,079 have cost about 100 000 lives 1030 00:52:26,079 --> 00:52:28,640 and that no dead man of account is found 1031 00:52:28,640 --> 00:52:30,559 with his head on 1032 00:52:30,559 --> 00:52:33,839 but all cut off 1033 00:52:35,280 --> 00:52:40,440 yeyasu's army set the castle on fire 1034 00:52:40,540 --> 00:52:45,940 [Music] 1035 00:52:46,800 --> 00:52:49,440 as the flames raged around him hideori 1036 00:52:49,440 --> 00:52:51,760 refused to surrender and was left with 1037 00:52:51,760 --> 00:52:54,319 no other option 1038 00:52:54,319 --> 00:52:56,510 he committed seppuku 1039 00:52:56,510 --> 00:53:00,739 [Music] 1040 00:53:07,200 --> 00:53:09,119 there's one big problem with killing 1041 00:53:09,119 --> 00:53:11,760 hidiori however and that's that ieyasu 1042 00:53:11,760 --> 00:53:14,559 was supposed to be his supporter it's a 1043 00:53:14,559 --> 00:53:18,079 very realistic cold-blooded strategy 1044 00:53:18,079 --> 00:53:19,040 but 1045 00:53:19,040 --> 00:53:22,160 he wanted to establish a dynasty that 1046 00:53:22,160 --> 00:53:25,920 would last through the ages 1047 00:53:25,920 --> 00:53:29,599 there is reason to believe that ieyasu 1048 00:53:29,599 --> 00:53:31,440 genuinely regretted 1049 00:53:31,440 --> 00:53:32,880 having to kill 1050 00:53:32,880 --> 00:53:35,920 the son of his former lord 1051 00:53:35,920 --> 00:53:38,240 iyasu is said to have 1052 00:53:38,240 --> 00:53:40,079 paid penance by writing the name of the 1053 00:53:40,079 --> 00:53:43,119 buddha ten thousand times on scrolls of 1054 00:53:43,119 --> 00:53:45,680 parchment 1055 00:53:46,820 --> 00:53:52,640 [Music] 1056 00:53:52,640 --> 00:53:55,280 tokugawa ieyasu had wiped out the last 1057 00:53:55,280 --> 00:53:57,040 threats to his power 1058 00:53:57,040 --> 00:53:59,680 or so it seemed 1059 00:53:59,680 --> 00:54:02,400 but not everyone was under his control 1060 00:54:02,400 --> 00:54:04,160 there were the western traders who he 1061 00:54:04,160 --> 00:54:06,880 valued but mistrusted and the christians 1062 00:54:06,880 --> 00:54:10,000 who he considered a threat 1063 00:54:10,000 --> 00:54:13,280 tokugawa ieyasu had won the wars 1064 00:54:13,280 --> 00:54:15,280 his struggle to control the future of 1065 00:54:15,280 --> 00:54:19,720 japan had just begun 1066 00:54:28,720 --> 00:54:30,800 you 67903

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