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[♪]

[wind gusting]

[reporter 1] Wildfires are
burning out of control...

[reporter 2] At least five
people are dead tonight...

[♪]

[reporter 3]
Largest storm to hit Japan
in at least six decades...

[reporter 4]
At least 18 people
are confirmed to have died...

[reporter 5] Floods and
landslides across South Asia.

More than a hundred people
are known to have died.

[reporter 6] Scientists warn
no part of the world

will be spared
from the climate crisis.

[Matthew Shupe]
The Arctic is changing faster

than the rest of the world.

[Allison Fong]
Within my lifetime,

there may no longer
be permanent sea ice.

[John Cassano]
We're playing a game

where we don't know what
the outcome is going to be.

[male narrator]
The Arctic.

For millions of years,

this frozen ocean
has cooled our planet

and controlled our weather.

But this remote world
is a scientific mystery.

And it's melting...

fast...

with consequences
for all life on Earth.

This is the story of a vital
scientific mission:

To understand
what's happening...

before it's too late.

A global team of scientists
is setting out

on the biggest polar expedition
ever attempted.

[Fong]
MOSAiC, as a mission,

is the modern climate science
equivalent of going to the moon.

If you asked me
if I'd ever imagined myself

working in the Arctic,

going to polar bear
safety training,

handling a rifle,
I would have laughed at you.

I would have been like,
you're crazy.

There's no way.

I'm a microbiologist doing
microbial ecology

out of Hawaii
in the big blue ocean.

I don't even know
what you're talking about.

[narrator]
The mission, led by Germany's
Alfred Wegner Institute,

has been ten years
in the planning.

We'll start here.

[Markus Rex]
We have hundreds of people

from 37 different nationalities
onboard.

It's just a massive operation

on a scale that we have
never seen in the Arctic before.

There should
be something...

[indistinct chattering]

[Shupe]
We have this all-star team

of scientists here together,
all with a shared vision,

a shared mission
to be here to study

this changing Arctic system.

[narrator]
The plan is a world first:

To take the Polarstern,

a high-tech research
icebreaker,

and pack it with equipment
to study the Arctic

for an entire year.

[Shupe]
We're taking a whole new level
of sophistication with us.

Onboard the ship
will be instruments

that have never been installed
in the central Arctic,

that will give us this insight

into details that we just
haven't observed before.

We're going out on an adventure,

an international expedition
into a frontier, really.

I mean, the Arctic
is still a frontier.

[wind gusting]

[narrator]
From Norway, the team will head
deep into the Arctic ice cap...

a frozen ocean that grows
and shrinks with the seasons.

Once there, they'll shut off
the engines

and let the ice freeze
around the ship.

Locked in place,

they'll explore every aspect
of the Arctic

as never before:

through the constant darkness

of an Arctic winter,

and some of the harshest
conditions on earth.

If successful,
we will better understand

our fast-changing world...

and what we can do
to save it.

[laughter]

[Esther Horvath]
This is, for me,

the most beautiful environment
on the planet.

The ice constantly changes,

and every hour you can
experience something different.

It's...

so fragile.

It's such a unique place
on this earth.

And full of life.

[camera shutter clicks]

I feel that I have a calling,

and I can tell stories
about what is happening here.

It just feels sad
that this can disappear.

[narrator] The Arctic is warming
more than twice as fast

as the rest of the planet.

Today, sea ice
in the summertime

covers only half the area
it did just 40 years ago.

The world's cooling system
is breaking down.

[Shupe]
Decades ago, when there was more
extensive ice cover,

a lot of the sunlight
that comes in in the summertime

would just reflect back off
that really bright white surface

and go back to space.

Now we have progressively
less and less sea ice,

and that exposes more ocean.

And that open ocean is dark.

It absorbs the sunlight,

and therefore warms up the ocean
and melts even more ice.

So you can imagine
this runaway process

of more warming
of the Arctic system,

more ice melting,

and therefore the Arctic is
going to continue to warm faster

than the rest of the globe.

[narrator]
As the Arctic melts,

global temperatures
will spiral

and our weather
will change dramatically.

To combat climate change,

we first need to understand
this little-explored world.

With time running out
for planet Earth,

the mission aims to gather
the vital data needed

to inform policy makers.

[Rex] We need to take
the right decisions now.

We need to be able
to tell our societies

what the consequences
of today's decisions will be

for future generations.

For that, we need
a good understanding

of the climate system,

and that is why we are here.

[indistinct chatter]

This looks great, I think,
as far as size.

[Shupe]
The start of our expedition
is really important.

We're going into the sea ice
to try to find an ice floe.

An ice floe is a discrete
chunk of ice.

It's maybe a couple
of kilometres across.

Ideally, our ice floe
will be thick enough

so that it can support
all of our equipment

that we want to put out
on the ice.

And, yeah, this stuff
that's right there

is the drop layer
that's underneath.

It often breaks off...

[Shupe] And this will be
our home for the next year.

So this is really a crucial
moment in our whole expedition.

[narrator]
The success of the mission

depends on taking advantage
of a natural phenomenon.

The plan is to hitch a ride on
the constantly moving sea ice.

Freezing in near Russia,

this trans-polar drift

will carry them close
to the North Pole...

and then out
towards the Atlantic.

[Shupe]
If we pick the right ice floe,

then we'll stay in the ice pack
for a full year.

If we pick the wrong ice floe...

it might drift out
to the ice edge

faster than we anticipated.

It might break up.

And so we're walking
a thin line here.

[man, over radio]
We are standing by.

-Copy that.
-We'll take over now.

OK, door is closed.

[Shupe]
We have to understand the ice.

To put boots on the ice
is really essential.

[indistinct chatter over radio]

[speaking German]

[speaking German]
Thirty three centimetres.

[Rex] Our dream would be
an ice floe that is thicker

than one metre 20.

Just a stable island of ice.

[speaking German]
Thirty eight centimetres.

So far, we haven't seen
any of those.

Well here, this one isn't it.

[Rex] We had a record-breaking
hot summer in the Arctic

that has affected
the ice around us.

In many parts, it's only
80 centimetres thin,

and only half of that
is stable ice.

OK, OK, this is not our floe.

[Rex]
So the results of these surveys

are that the floes
are all thin...

[Shupe]
The ice floes are weaker.

They're thinner.

They seems to be
not as strong

as some of the ice floes
in the past.

I mean, we could get
into a state

where we can't fly
for the next week.

[Fong]
People are nervous.

We have spent so much time

preparing for
this scientific endeavour.

We can't afford
for anyone's equipment

to not be out on the ice.

[speaking German]

[Fong] I feel this immense
amount of pressure that we have,

that we're creating
a benchmark of measurements

that we may never be able
to repeat in the future.

I feel a huge sense
of responsibility.

[wind whistling]

[Shupe]
This is interesting.

This whole area here
looks somewhat homogeneous.

Yeah.

[Rex] So we have looked
at a number of floes now.

They all look the same.

[Shupe]
We'll look over here.

Yeah.

Yeah, that's cool.
Thanks for this.

[Rex]
But there is this one

which looks a little different.

[indistinct chatter]

So we first go
some 50 metres that way,

and then we go--

Try to walk parallel
to Polarstern over there.

[Shupe] There are quite a few
potential hazards out there.

How thick is the ice?

Is it stable?
Is it safe?

With every step further away
from the ship,

you're getting out
into the unknown.

It's an exposure,
a vulnerability.

[Rex] Matt, this is Markus.
Matt, this is Markus.

[Shupe, over radio]
Markus, Matt.

So we right now are standing at
about 3 o'clock from you.

I think our thinnest ice
was 70 cm

and we've seen some
up to multiple metres.

And there's quite an extensive
area of that thicker ice.

[Rex]
All right, Matt. thanks.

That sounds great.

[narrator]
After days of uncertainty,

it's a massive relief.

From now on, they'll be
in the hands of nature.

[Fong]
You suddenly recognize,

oh, this is real.

We have arrived.

And just when you think
that you've been working,

the real work begins.

[♪]

[man shouting in German]

I think we should build this up
and we should get it moving.

[Verena] Yes, bring the sledge
back to the boat,

and then you can send
your team here.

[man, over radio]
Received.

[narrator]
The team needs to unload

a hundred tons of equipment...

and set up bases
out on the ice.

With just a few days remaining
before the perpetual darkness

of Arctic winter arrives,
the pressure's on.

[Fong] Every day, we're looking
out the window,

and light is diminishing.

And it's a race against time.

Hey, Ian, can I grab your team

and we just kind
of all pull it.

[narrator] The plan is to build
a series of research stations,

they call ice cities,

each with a specific purpose.

[Fong]
So there's Balloon Town,

and Ocean City,
and Met City.

And these are places that
are supporting the scientists

as they do work in the field.

[narrator] The cities are packed
with cutting-edge equipment

to explore every aspect
of the Arctic--

its atmosphere, ice...

and the deep oceans beneath.

Power cables stretching
up to half a mile

connect them all
to the Polarstern.

More remote still,

a network of satellite
science sites

and isolated
monitoring stations.

The entire complex stretches
across an area

of around two and a half
thousand square miles.

[Shupe] There's different
aspects of science--

atmosphere, ice, ocean,

looking at physical processes,
chemical processes,

biological processes.

Different measurements,
different equipment.

Such a huge collection
of activities out there.

[wind gusting]

Radio check on 16.

[Shupe] Yeah, this is Matt with
the tripod team for the day,

and we're going to be
heading out now.

[Fong]
I think the day-to-day challenge

is how you handle the cold.

You talk about minus 40 degrees,

but it's a different thing
to experience it.

[indistinct radio chatter]

[Shupe]
The Arctic can be harsh.

If you have to fix some little
piece of an instrument,

sometimes you need to take
your bare hand out to do that.

That could be
a huge challenge

and could lead to frostbite
in your fingers.

[narrator] But the cold
is not the only danger.

Did you feel
that little...?

And you hear the sound?

Interesting.

Well, be ready.

[man]
Yeah, right here, look at this.

[Shupe] Well, you get to see
a crack play out

right in front of your eyes.

[man, over radio]
From our position,
there's a big crack

directly from the open water
to Met City.

Width, approximately 8
to 10 centimetres.

[Shupe] Bridge, bridge.
Matt at Met City.

See that crack? It comes right
over by where I'm standing,
right by our tower.

A crack going right through
Met City is a huge challenge.

It could just pull
the whole tower down.

Out here, it's about
1 cm right now.

But it seems to be opening
a little bit.

The ice appears to be different
than it has been in the past.

I didn't anticipate seeing
so many cracks

so early in the expedition.

We're just setting up
our equipment,

and already our installations
are under threat.

[narrator]
And out in the darkness,

there's another threat.

[boat horn blowing]

[Esther] I'm standing there
on this small hill at Met City,

on my very first
polar bear guard duty.

[Esther, over radio]
Bridge, bridge.

[man, over radio]
Pack your stuff together.

You have to evacuate.

[Esther]
Suddenly, I hear from the bridge

that two polar bears
are approaching us.

[indistinct murmuring]

[Esther]
They are a thousand metres away.

Nine hundred metres away.

And we all have to go back
immediately.

In that second,
I start to shout.

[Esther] Stop doing what you are
doing and go to the Ski-Doo.

Polar bears,
if they are hungry,

they will hunt for a person.

[Rex]
These huge animals can reach

speeds of 60 kilometres
per hour.

And everybody has
to have that in mind.

Once a polar bear is close,

it can be at the person
in seconds.

[Esther] I am the only person
who has a rifle,

and am I going to be able
to use it

protecting all the people
around me?

And there's a lot
of people there.

[Shupe, over radio]
Bridge, bridge, Matt...

We are actually
really full here.

[Esther] And I'm just counting
the people and then wondering,

like, are we going
to fit on the Ski-Doos?

[Shupe] We're going to try
to load everybody on these.

It's going to be really full
but we'll...

try to make it out
with what we have here.

Guys, hurry up!

[Esther] In my mind,

I don't care how small
the sleds are.

Everybody has to fit.

We all have to go back now.

As we are driving back...

my fear is suddenly

I will have a bear
ahead of me.

As we all got onboard...

[man, over radio] Bridge,
bridge, this is Gaute. Over.

[Esther] ...that was a second
when I saw them.

[man 2, over radio]
Yes, bridge?

Polar bears are at
a hundred metres.

[Shupe]
Once we have everybody safe,

the story's not over.

We really don't want
the polar bears

messing around
with our equipment,

both for the sake
of the instrumentation,

but also for the sake
of the bears.

[man 1, over radio] I will
inform you when you have to
shoot with the flare guns.

Where is Trude?

She is right next to me.

The main goal is to have
everyone safe,

and then scare
the polar bears away.

[man 1, over radio]
We have two rifles
and two flare guns.

[man 2, over radio]
Put the light on the bears.

Please put the light
on the bears.

[Gaute, over radio]
Bridge, this is Gaute. Over.

Do you see the polar bears?

[man 1, over radio] I see you
and I see the polar bears.

[Trude]
We are invading their space.

[gun pops]

I don't want to harm them.

[gun pops]

I do not want to fire my rifle
at the polar bear.

[flares explode]

So it is so nice
when they understand

that we are making
too much noise for them.

[wind gusting]

[narrator]
Arctic winter arrives.

For the next
four and a half months,

the team will endure
24-hour darkness.

[wind gusting]

[Esther] I've never been
into the complete darkness,

you know,
24-hour darkness.

It's an incredible experience
to live,

exist and work here
in the wintertime.

[camera shutter clicking]

It looks unreal.

It feels like we are
somewhere else in the universe.

This is not the Earth.

This is something
completely different.

[Fong]
The darkness...

working in the dark
for months on end,

not really being able to see

beyond where
your headlamp shines.

That's scary.

Yeah, that's pretty scary.

[narrator]
One of the most complex

and important research camps,
Met City,

is up and running.

All systems green.

Tower's alive today.

[woman, over radio]
Bridge...

Man...

That's pretty cool.

My thumb is steaming from where
I wiped my nose on it.

[indistinct radio chatter]

[Shupe] Met City is a really
important part of MOSAiC.

It's a few hundred metres away
from the ship.

And the reason we're out there
is because we want to get away

from the influences that
the ship has on the atmosphere.

These are radiometers.

They're measuring the sunlight
in the summertime.

In the wintertime,
they're measuring the emission

from the atmosphere.

Our tower here
is about 11 metres tall,

and this can tell us about
the turbulent exchange of heat,

of energy, of moisture
at the surface.

We need to understand
what the sea ice is experiencing

and how that affects
the melting of the sea ice,

or the freezing
of the sea ice.

So these are really important
for us here, out at MOSAiC.

[narrator]
The data from Met City

will be combined
with all the other experiments

over the entire year

to build the most complete
picture ever created

of the complex interactions
shaping the Arctic.

Another crucial piece
of the puzzle

is the hidden world
under the ice.

[Fong] It doesn't look
like much, I mean, right?

At the surface.

You're like, it's just snow.
It's quiet.

But actually below the ice,
there's a flurry of activity.

[whirring]

I'm used to making lab
experiments with a pipette.

Delicate work.

And here I am with
a 60-centimetre-long chainsaw.

[man]
OK...

[speaking foreign language]

This hole and this access point
to the ocean

is super critical
for MOSAiC.

Some of the big outstanding
questions are,

what are the activities
of organisms in polar night?

From the central Arctic,

there are basically
no measurements whatsoever.

So this will be the first chance
in history

for us to do that work.

[narrator] This device
can collect water samples

at specific depths right down
to the ocean floor...

[man, speaking German]
I'll close a bottle.

[narrator]
...two and a half miles below.

[woman]
What?

[Fong]
At this place in the world
at this time of year...

there's never been data
like this.

And that's incredible.

And so every time we put
a piece of equipment out

and we collect
a sample successfully,

we're the only people
that have been able to do it.

OK, so Jen,
you're done for DIC on one.

Uh, that means you can do
salinity on number one.

I think winter in general
is thought of

as a time of hibernation
or low metabolic activity.

But what we're seeing
is that organisms have adapted

over millennia to this...

what we consider
an extreme environment.

In one millilitre of seawater,

which is basically
like a teaspoon of seawater,

are one million
bacterial cells.

And from there,

the diversity
is extraordinary.

There's also
phytoplankton cells--

tens of thousands
per litre of seawater.

[narrator] These microscopic
plant-like organisms

might seem insignificant,

but they're crucial
to all life on Earth.

Like forests of the sea,

they produce more than half
the oxygen we breathe.

And they consume vast amounts
of carbon dioxide.

It's thought the oceans absorb
around a quarter of the CO2

produced by the burning
of fossil fuels.

For our climate,

these tiny creatures
play a huge role.

[water splashing and bubbling]

[Fong] Given that the Arctic
is experiencing so much change,

we need to understand what
impact reductions in sea ice

and global warming is having
on these organisms

and how these components
of the climate interact.

We have no idea yet
what the ecological response

to that loss
of sea ice will be.

[narrator]
Just a month in,

and the team is already
learning more

about life in Arctic winter

than has ever
been possible before.

But there's one thing
they're yet to find:

fish.

[Pauline Snoejis-Leijonmalm]
I am so nervous.

[man chuckles]

-Nervous?
-I'm not nervous, I'm excited.

[man]
Excited.

[Fong]
The fishing is a difficult.

You spend a lot of effort
and a lot of time,

and most of the time
you don't catch fish.

There aren't that many
in the central Arctic.

[Pauline]
How many metres was that?

Three hundred metres
when this is out.

[Pauline] Nothing is known
about the fish here.

So anything we find
will be completely new.

The next one,
the bait has gone.

[man] Yes, someone has stolen
the bait.

Yes!

[exclaiming]

[man]
This is a cod.

-This is an Atlantic cod?
-It's an Atlantic cod.

This is not a polar cod.
It's an Atlantic cod.

That's impossible!

[Fong]
Finding an Atlantic cod

in the winter months
of the central Arctic

is a brand-new discovery.

Amazing.

[Fong]
It's completely unexpected.

Where shall
we put them?

Shall we put them...

[man]
Put them in the black...

[Fong]
It's not where it should be.

It's a warning sign
that things are changing,

even in the deep ocean.

Just like our air temperatures
are increasing,

actually, the ocean
is the place

where most of the heat
is retained.

[narrator]
Our oceans have so far absorbed

more than 90%
of the excess heat

trapped by greenhouse gases,

sparing us from soaring
air temperatures.

But they, and the creatures
within them,

are reaching
breaking point.

[Fong]
We are systematically changing

the range that organisms
can inhabit.

Suddenly, you're seeing
organisms in the ocean

migrating north
in the Northern Hemisphere

and south in
the Southern Hemisphere.

Places of the ocean
that are very warm already,

like around the equator,

organisms that inhabit
that area

might be now
experiencing temperatures

that exceed what they can
tolerate,

so they can no longer live
in those areas.

You will have
these large expanses

that now become ocean deserts.

And when you lose that,

you affect whole
human communities

that have relied upon
these ecosystems

being healthy and thriving.

Some of the things that we're
observing are red flags.

And those have
all of these effects

that we're still just starting
to understand.

[wind gusting]

[narrator] Almost two months
into their year-long mission,

the transpolar drift
has carried the Polarstern

to within 300 miles
of the North Pole.

And the scientists
are settling in to the cold

and constant darkness.

[Hans, over radio]
Good afternoon, Arctic.

This is Radio MOSAiC.

We start with the weather.
We have minus 18 degrees.

So it's a warm day
to do science outside.

We have seen footprints
from a polar bear,

and I think they are not older
than two days,

so take care when you go out.

We will start the afternoon
with a song.

"Cum On Feel the Noize."
Enjoy.

[Quiet Riot's "Cum On Feel
the Noize" playing
over speakers]

♪ So you think I got
An evil mind ♪

♪ Well, I'll tell you, honey ♪

♪ That I don't know why ♪

♪ Anymore ♪

♪ Oh, no ♪

♪ So come on
Feel the noise ♪

♪ Girls, rock your boys ♪

♪ We get wild, wild, wild ♪

♪ Wild, wild, wild ♪

-♪ Come on ♪
-♪ Feel the noise ♪

♪ Feel it, feel it ♪

♪ Girls, rock your boys ♪

♪ We get wild, wild, wild ♪

♪ I don't know ♪

♪ Anymore ♪

[all laughing]

[Trude, over radio]
Bridge, bridge, Trude.

[Hans] Trude, go ahead.

[Trude]
I'm in position stern.

[Hans]
Thank you. Enjoy your watch.

[Trude]
Do we have a ladder here?

Good.

[indistinct radio chatter]

Oh, my God.

[Trude]
The ice is moving a lot.

Bridge, bridge.

For your information,

the ice here
has really started to move.

We noticed by the sound,
and are monitoring it now.

We managed to save the ladder,
which is now on our side.

-[ice creaking]
-[Esther] It's so loud.

It sounds like
an engine as it starts.

Then I have to think,

is that an engine,
or is this ice?

It is like an earthquake
under your feet,

but there is nowhere to run.

You really feel
how fragile you are.

It's a frightening experience.

Let's hope we find a way over.

[creaking stops]

[Trude]
Oh, it's stopped.

Bridge, bridge, Trude.

[indistinct radio chatter]

The ice has stopped again.

It was like an on switch,

and now the off switch
has been put on.

So ice has stopped moving,

and it's completely silent
here in the Arctic again.

[indistinct chatter over radio]

Now, we have to find a new way
going home.

[Shupe]
This is stress on the ice.

This is the winds
and the currents in the ocean

causing pressure in the ice,

and eventually the ice
just lets go.

There's internal pressure,
and it breaks.

[Thomas] This was really,
I think, the last chance.

-[laughs]
-[Trude] Thank you, Thomas.

[wind gusting]

[Shupe] Storms can wreak
all kinds of havoc

on our installations
out there.

And we know that this is going
to potentially pose

big challenges.

[narrator]
It's a massive crisis.

Huge cracks, known as leads,
open up,

that threaten to wreck
the entire base.

[Shupe]
Anxiously watching.

I'm wondering,
is Met City still there?

Can I still see
my installations?

[Hans] There is one crack
behind Met City.

We've lost the power.

-The power is gone.
-Yeah.

[Shupe] It's knocked out
our power supply.

It's taken down our measurements
at Met City.

We have to get back
out there.

We have to get the power
hooked up again,

so that we can continue
making our measurements.

[Rex]
The goal of the operation

is to rescue the cables
so that we don't lose them.

Probably the best strategy
is to cut the connectors

and then pull the cables
with the scooter.

Maybe it's OK if just
two people cross the leads.

Yeah, yeah,
I think two is perfect.

-[woman] We prepare the kayak?
-[Rex] Yeah.

All right.

[wind gusting]

[indistinct radio chatter]

[Verena] Hey, we're now leaving
to get things done.

[Rex, over radio]
Copy.

[Shupe] It's a huge challenge
to work out in a storm.

You still have to make
decisions.

You still have
to do your work.

But it's so chaotic
all around you.

The black one is remote sensing,
the thin black one is the data.

Once you loosen the cable,

we connect it to
the snowmobile here

and try to pull it.

We can start to
prepare to go over.

-All good?
-Yeah.

Team Kayak?

[narrator]
The team needs to discover

whether the vital power cable
is still connected.

[Shupe] It's about as cold
as you can get in the water.

Saltwater has a colder
freezing temperature,

so it's gonna be,
you know, minus 1.7.

That's pretty cold.

[woman, over radio] All right.

The connectors
have been ripped off...

so the other half is
probably in the water.

We can't reach it,
we can't see it.

You can just start pulling.

[man, over radio] Copy that,
we will start pulling.

[narrator]
Having been ripped apart,

the heavy cable is hanging
deep into the ocean.

[Hans]
Slowly, slowly, slowly!

Slowly, slowly!

Hey, stop! Stop! Stop!

There is something else
hanging here.

[muttering]

Yeah, OK!

[speaking foreign language]

[speaking foreign language]

Yeah, we are very close.

Ah, this is the end.
This is the end.

[laughs]

Well done, guys.

Excellent.

[Shupe] This is the first time
that we've really seen

what the Arctic's
going to throw at us.

But how many more storms
and how much more ice breakup

will we have through our camp?

[indistinct chatter]

[narrator]
Since their departure,

the team has been living
in isolation.

But after three months,
that's about to change.

Russian icebreaker,
the Kapitan Dranitsyn,

has fought its way through
the ice with fresh supplies.

And with them, new scientists
joining the mission.

[wind gusting]

[Vishnu] I don't know
if I am the first Indian

to walk on frozen ocean waters,

but at least
for this expedition,

I am the only Indian.

My name is Vishnu Nandan.

Vishnu means
"preserver of the planet,"

and that's my goal.

I'm here to protect the planet.

To protect everyone.

Let's pull it across.

We don't want to block
the way with this.

[Julienne]
OK, yeah, I mean,

we can at least bring
the cables this direction.

[Julienne]
I've been going
up to the Arctic region

for almost 30 years now.

But it's always been
during daylight.

Doing it over winter, yeah,

that's a really unique
experience that many people,

even if you're a scientist
working in the Arctic,

you don't get
to experience that.

And, honestly, you feel like
you're walking on the moon.

That's amazing.

[indistinct radio chatter]

Hey, fox.

That is very cool.

My first polar fox.

That's exciting.

Yay.

OK, I'll check
if my instrument's working now.

[narrator] Julienne and Vishnu
are taking over the science

at Remote Sensing City,

while also bringing
new experiments

to answer one of the most
fundamental questions of all:

Just how much ice is there
in the Arctic?

It's a mystery they're trying
to solve from space.

[Julienne]
Satellites are really key

for allowing us to monitor
harsh regions like the Arctic,

and this is because we can see
the region every single day,

regardless of what the weather
conditions are doing,

even when humans are not there
to collect data.

We have over 40 years
of measurements

telling us how much
of the Arctic Ocean

is covered by sea ice,

but what we've really lacked
is knowing how thick the ice is.

[narrator]
Satellites can measure

the height
of the Arctic surface.

But they've never been able
to tell how much of it is ice,

and how much is snow.

[Julienne]
The idea behind this radar

is it has the same frequencies

as what's on two different
satellites right now.

And perhaps in combination,

they could give us
not only sea ice thickness,

but also how much snow
is on top of that sea ice.

[narrator]
By testing this satellite
technology at the surface,

they aim to revolutionize

our ability to monitor sea ice
from space.

[Julienne] It would allow us
to actually map

not just the spatial extent
of the ice,

but the actual ice volume
in the Arctic every single day,

so that we can understand

how quickly that ice
might disappear.

[Vishnu]
Erskat is on.

Made possible
by Rasmus and Vishnu.

[wind gusting]

[narrator] Knowing how fast
the ice is melting

is also crucial to another team
of scientists.

[woman, over radio]
All stations, all stations.

This is bridge.

The helicopter is now flying.

[man, over radio]
Messaging. Copy that.

I will inform the others.

[narrator]
The biogeochemistry team

is heading 10 miles away
to another ice floe.

Once dropped off,
they're on their own.

[Patric] It's really cold
conditions today.

And also because we flew in
with a helicopter,

it took a much more
logistical effort.

Like to carry stuff,
to set up the tent.

So it was more difficult.

We always have to be prepared
for the unexpected.

That's why we brought the stove,
to warm us up in case.

[narrator]
They're here to investigate

whether melting sea ice
could be further accelerating

global warming
by releasing methane,

a potent greenhouse gas.

Oh, a layer.

Have you seen it?
This is a sediment layer.

Finally.

Oh, my God.

The black dots
are the sediment.

[speaking German] That means
that it hasn't frozen

here in the open ocean,
but on the coast...

which is also where
the methane comes from.

Methane is created from the
breakdown of organic material.

This methane can enter the water
in the sediment.

It can freeze into the ice from
the water, and then is carried
by the ice.

[narrator]
Methane has 30 times

the warming power
of carbon dioxide.

While much of it comes
from human activities

like agriculture and landfill,

the fast-warming Arctic
is now also releasing

vast amounts of the gas,

previously locked up
in frozen ground and seabeds.

The world has reached another
dangerous tipping point.

Understanding the role
melting ice plays is crucial

if we're to fully comprehend

the frightening impact
of methane

on global warming.

[wind gusting]

[crew]
♪ ...jingle all the way ♪

♪ Oh, what fun it is to ride ♪

♪ On a one-horse open sleigh
Hey ♪

♪ Jingle bells, jingle bells ♪

♪ Jingle all the way ♪

♪ Oh, what fun it is to ride ♪

♪ On a one-horse open sleigh ♪

[applause]

[Christian] We are only
200 miles from the North Pole,

the northernmost Christmas party
in the world.

And we have white Christmas.

We have 24 hours of holy night,
if that isn't enough.

[laughter]

So cheers, everyone.
Merry Christmas.

[all]
Merry Christmas.

[applause]

[laughter]

[Vishnu]
It's sometimes isolating.

Sometimes it makes you
feel lonely...

to live in a ship stranded
in the middle of the ocean.

I recently got married.
We got married in July.

The only thing I miss,

apart from my parents
and my wife,

is sunlight.

[Julienne]
I didn't think, really,

about how tired you would feel,
always being in the dark.

But I do notice it
quite a bit now.

I'm outside all day,

and your headlamp's
the only light you see.

It's like just being at night
all the time.

And by the evening time,
you want to go to bed.

And that's how I feel
when I'm outside all the day.

[wind gusting]

[inaudible chatter]

[Julienne]
So I don't see anything
with the power cords here,

because, you see,
this is connected.

All of these are connected.

So I don't know
if it's the battery's gone out.

[Vishnu]
We can just put it here.

[Julienne]
Oh, we're bringing the radar in,

because it keeps
shutting off on us,

so we're going to try
to diagnose the problem inside.

I hope it'll work.

I don't know yet.

[Vishnu] We are trying
very hard to maintain it

in these extreme
environments.

It's been hard.

[soft humming]

[Julienne]
Can you hear that sound?

That's not a good sound,
I don't think.

Oh, and I can see
a bit of smoke now.

Where is it coming from?

[Julienne]
It's heart-breaking for me.

You know, collecting the data
is really key,

and will hopefully help
the public and policy makers

understand how quickly
the Arctic is transforming,

and that we need to do something
before it's too late.

It started
because of my paper in 2007

that really showed
that today's sea ice loss

is happening a lot faster than
our climate models can forecast.

Al Gore came
for a science briefing.

That was my first time, I guess,
talking to somebody in policy.

I started getting invited
to give keynote addresses

at different conferences,

and also to different
heads of state.

I was invited to go to Monaco
for UNESCO.

I've given talks at embassies.

I've testified
in front of Congress.

But you just don't see change
really happening.

It's very slow.

Our quality of life in the
Western world is still too good,

I think, for these governments
to act, really act,

unless economics
drives a change.

It's driven by industry,

and they have a huge
political pull.

And so obviously,
they want to keep making money.

And so it's not
in their best interests

to do anything
about climate change,

because they still want
to make money for fossil fuels,

for example.

Until we stop caring so much
about making money

and we actually start caring
about the health of the planet,

and our people,

and all the species
that depend on us as well--

until that becomes
more important

than lining your pockets
with money,

it's just a mindset
that I think is so wrong.

[crowd cheering]

We have the knowledge.
We know what's happening.

And there's a lot of human lives
at stake.

And the Western world

just isn't acting
very quickly about this.

It's really sad for me.
It's frustrating.

Yeah.

[narrator] Polarstern has been
locked in the ice

for almost five months,

and is now just 150 miles
from the North Pole.

It's due to receive supplies,
vital equipment,

and the third team
of scientists.

But the Russian icebreaker
trying to reach them

is still hundreds
of miles away.

[wind gusting]

[Amy MacFarlane]
It's my first time
in the Arctic.

As soon as the icebreaker
started to move through the ice,

I got the sense of how remote
the area we're going to is.

I mean, we're traveling
for weeks

to get to this miraculous haven
in the north.

[John] I have a 10-year-old
daughter that's at home,

and partly she's really sad
that I'm away for three months,

you know, and she's scared that
a polar bear is gonna attack me.

But she also has talked about
how excited she is

that I'm a polar explorer,

that I go to these places that
most people don't experience.

[narrator]
No icebreaker has ever tried

to venture so far north
in the middle of winter before.

[Gina Jozef]
There's two different
types of shake.

You can always
tell the difference.

When the ship is breaking
through the ice

and it's kind of
wobbling unevenly,

jerking back and forth
a little bit,

that's the shaking we like,

because it means
we're making progress.

Then there's the shaking
that the engine causes.

You can feel it
in the guts of the ship.

And we always know when
we feel it that we're stuck.

[Alexandr, in Russian] If there
is not enough power to break

through such heavy ice...

we stop the icebreaker
and reverse.

Then we speed up and use
our weight to break through.

We stop and reverse again.

We'll continue to
make progress of course.

Let's hope so.

[John]
There's a lot of uncertainty.

We had expected to be
on the Dranitsyn

for about two weeks.

We've already been on it
for three weeks.

And it's an indeterminate
amount of time

until we either
reach the Polarstern,

or we turn around
and we head back.

Will we get the chance
to do the science

that we've travelled
so far to do?

Right now, it's unclear
what's going to happen.

[wind gusting]

[narrator]
To make matters worse,

the Polarstern is drifting

ever further away
from the Dranitsyn.

If the Dranitsyn
has to turn back,

the team here could be stranded
for months.

Without resupply,

they'll be dangerously low
on fuel for heat and power,

as well as lacking
vital scientific equipment.

[Vishnu]
We are kind of stuck here.

It's affected the morale
of the scientists onboard.

It's been hard.

Leg three is the only
opportunity we have right now

to get all of
the radiation sensors

for when the sun comes back.

So those instruments
need to get here.

[indistinct chatter]

[man, over radio]
There to the east?

Is that the Dranitsyn?

[narrator] After a month
battling through the ice,

and with the first signs
of sun returning...

the Dranitsyn
finally makes it.

OK, team,
we go and we follow them.

[John]
To step out onto the sea ice

and walk the kilometre or so
that it was to the Polarstern,

just fantastic.

You know, a hundred miles
from the North Pole,

walking across the sea ice,

and...it's an amazing feeling.

[Amy] At one point,
I didn't think we'd be here.

But it's happened.

It's incredible.

[Gina] Finally, to be out
on this sea ice,

knowing that this is where
I get to live and work

for the next month,

just, like, I can't even believe
how lucky I am to be here.

[narrator]
With the new scientists
and supplies onboard,

the mission is back on track.

[wind gusting]

[narrator] The returning sun
will transform the Arctic.

Understanding the effects
of solar energy,

and the very different
landscape it creates,

is just as vital
as understanding Arctic winter.

Welcome to the office.

[Gina]
It's really beautiful.

[wind gusting]

For me, snow tells a story.

[whirring]

We're trying to understand
in this scale how it's changing,

and eventually link it

to the whole
of the Arctic snowpack.

We start one snowflake
at a time.

So at the surface today,
we have minus 20 degrees.

So it's quite a warm day.

But then,
just 17 centimetres below,

we have minus nine degrees.

So it has a really big influence
on just how much energy

is being transferred from
the atmosphere to the sea ice.

[sniffles and sighs]

[narrator] The snow here
is acting as a major insulator.

To understand how,

they need to look more closely
at its structure.

So here, you can see
the surface of the snow.

And it's quite a hard,
wind-packed layer.

But when I flip this over,

you get this amazing
crystal structure.

We can image this and create
3D models of the snow.

So, at the top,
these are all really compact

and tightly together,

and you can't see
any of the blue.

So the blue
would be an air gap.

And then as you move
further down,

you can start to see
more and more air.

And then you come across
these large crystals.

I've never seen these crystals
quite so big before,

and we're able to just measure
how much these insulate

the ice underneath.

[narrator]
Over winter,

this snow will have
kept the ice warm,

preventing it from growing.

But in summer,
it might also shield the ice

from the melting effect
of the sun's rays.

With scientists predicting
that a warming Arctic

will see more snow,

it's a crucial piece
of the puzzle.

I think to be able to collect
these snow samples

all the way through
to the melt period

is going to be
really valuable for us

to see how it's changing,

and how the snow is adapting
to this new Arctic.

[John]
All right, let's do this.

[Gina]
Let's do it.

This is an exciting day.
[laughs]

[John]
I am nervous for this flight.

[Gina laughs]

[Gina]
I'm glad you're doing it.

-[both laugh]
-I'll say that.

[John] I don't know
what I think of that, Gina.

[Gina laughs]

[John] For the drone flights,

the plane will spiral up
from near the surface

up to a thousand metres.

And we're measuring the state
of the atmosphere,

so that's the temperature,
pressure, humidity and wind.

All right,
plane is launched.

OK.

[John]
All right, are you ready?

-[Gina] I am ready.
-[John] All right. I am ready.

Can you count me down?

[Gina]
Three, two, one, go!

Hell, yeah. Whoo!

[John]
Way to go, team drone.

[Gina]
We did it! Whoo!

First flight! Success!

[John]
When we fly we can look at how

things like the temperature
changes with height,

and that tells us a lot
about how the atmosphere

is interacting
with the sea ice,

or the ocean, or whatever
happens to be underneath us

when we're flying.

It is flying really well.

I am so happy.

One of the things
we're measuring with our drones

is the wind.

The wind is really
a critical part

of understanding
the climate system.

The wind is generating
the turbulence

that helps transfer the energy
and the moisture

that's coming out of the ocean,

and transfer it
into the atmosphere.

That turbulence also will take
that energy in the atmosphere

and then transfer it down
to the surface.

If you go higher
in the atmosphere, up, you know,

where commercial aircraft fly,

then you're in an area
where the jet stream is.

[narrator]
The jet stream is a band
of high-altitude wind

that whistles around our planet
at over 100 miles an hour,

controlling much of the weather
in the Northern Hemisphere.

It's driven by
the temperature difference

between the warm equator
and cold Arctic.

Many scientists now believe

the faster warming Arctic
is weakening the jet stream,

causing it to become unstable

with potentially
catastrophic results.

Cold air is able
to escape out of the Arctic

and cover parts of Europe
or North America,

and give us really cold
winter weather.

Or if the jet stream pushes
very far north,

then you get
these intrusions

of warm air
up into the Arctic.

[thunder crashes]

[narrator] It's thought
the weaker jet stream

might also be causing
weather patterns

to get stuck over the same area
for longer,

prolonging droughts and floods.

[John]
It impacts everything we do.

It impacts farmers

and where they can grow crops,
where rain falls,

how often droughts occur,
how often heat waves occur,

how often blizzards occur,

I mean, all of the weather
that we experience.

Land?

The Arctic is far away,
you know.

You think, oh, it's so far away,
who cares?

But it has such a critical
impact on the global environment

that we all have to care.

[♪]

[narrator] By mid-March,
the Polarstern has drifted

with the ice more than
500 miles across the Arctic.

With little more than two weeks

between the first glimpse
of the sun

and 24-hour daylight,

every day is getting
noticeably longer.

And the teams are making
the most of it,

continuing to track changes
to the surface on foot.

And frequently scanning
every inch of the floe

from the air

to create a detailed 3D model

of the ever-changing ice.

With every single day,
more vital data.

But then, a crisis that no one
could have predicted.

[Angela Merkel, in German]
This is serious.

Please take it seriously.

I want to explain to you
where we currently stand
in the epidemic.

[Boris Johnson]
All over the world we're seeing
the devastating impact

of this invisible killer.

With the coronavirus,
it's crazy.

I can't imagine what anyone
at home is going through.

All we're relying on
is a few messages from friends,

a few messages from family,

just telling us
about the situation.

And it's really hard
to take yourself

out of this extreme location
in the Arctic

and think that life
isn't how you left it at home.

This is quite stressful
for a lot of people onboard.

[wind gusting]

[John]
My parents are in their 70s.

They live just outside
of New York City,

where there are a lot of
infections and a lot of deaths.

I'm worried that if my wife
were to get sick,

then there's no one to take care
of our 11-year-old daughter.

And the longer I stay here,

the greater the chance
that something happens at home,

that I'm not there
to help with.

And so that's created
a lot of stress for me.

And so that's part of why
I want to get back.

[narrator] The Polarstern
was due to be resupplied,

and the team replaced
in just two weeks' time.

But as the world locks down,
that's now impossible.

Suddenly, the future
of the entire expedition

hangs by a thread.

[Shupe]
It's one thing if the sea ice

breaks up more
than you planned on.

We didn't know there
was going be a pandemic.

We didn't plan on that
playing out

and affecting our ability

to get people out to the Arctic
and back.

And so there's
this increasing risk

that it will take down
MOSAiC altogether.

[narrator] There are
no icebreakers available

to bring the new crew
and supplies to the Polarstern.

So, to save the expedition,
they make a radical decision.

Leaving a few
remote devices behind

to continue to collect data,

they leave their floe.

[Shupe]
Bringing the ship out of the ice

was... was kind of the last
thing that I would have wanted.

But this is necessary

in order to allow the expedition
to continue on.

[narrator]
Collecting supplies

and a new quarantined team

will take Polarstern out
of the ice for a full month.

But it means
that against the odds,

they can return
to complete the mission.

[indistinct chatter]

[Fong]
Our waiting time was over,

and now it's go time.

So suddenly,
you can feel this energy.

And we're headed back
to the central Arctic

looking for our floe,

to continue science.

[Shupe]
I'm so relieved that
we were able to find a way

to keep our expedition going...

and to see how the Arctic
starts to respond

to the onset of melt
as the summer season sets in.

It's on us to keep things going.

[narrator] Mid-June,
and at last, Polarstern returns

to its ice floe,

which has now drifted
to just 200 miles

from the edge of the ice pack,

where it will finally break up
and melt into the Atlantic.

The melting has started.

[Shupe]
We can see that the melt season

is starting to take hold.

There's the early formation
of melt ponds on the surface.

And I'm trying to look around
and recognize

different aspects
of the floe.

Truthfully, I don't even
recognize it at all.

The dark side sampling area,
we passed back there.

And then another one
used to be over here,

but then it has shifted
over to there.

[Shupe]
It's so important for us to get
our equipment up and running

as fast as possible.

This transition
is really essential

as we move from spring
into summer,

and the whole surface
starts to transform.

[narrator]
The team rebuilds

on the few higher ridges
of ice,

their best chance of keeping
equipment safe and dry.

[Shupe]
It's a race now.

I'm stressed out for sure.
Yeah, it's...

You know, not everything's
going right.

It's certainly hard
with all these melt ponds.

So that's something
that will continue

to get more and more
challenging.

It's nice today.

[narrator] As the eco team
explores the floe,

there's a sign
of just how challenging

this final phase
of the mission will be.

[Fong] We're maybe only out
for two hours,

three hours at most.

The ice floe begins to shift.

The lead begins to open,

and not only can we not cross
back over,

we're getting further
and further away from the ship.

[indistinct radio chatter]

[woman, over radio]
We cannot see you that clearly
from the bridge.

[Fong] The ice changed
within a matter of minutes.

And it's clear that there's
no way for us to get back

the way we came.

So the only option
at that point

is either wait it out
until the lead closes,

which there's no way to predict,

or mount a helicopter recovery.

To actually experience it

really made me feel
very vulnerable.

I mean, the wind conditions
were very light.

So this is just normal
ice dynamics,

and a clear indicator and sign

of just how different
things are.

-[John] Ah!
-Thank you.

[both laugh]

[Fong]
We were lucky.

We just realized how careful
we need to be

of the conditions
that we're working in now.

[narrator] The question
on everyone's mind is,

how long will their
ice floe last?

[Amy]
So this one, can you see it?

-[Fong] Oh, yeah, yeah.
-[Amy] There's a few lines.

This is undergoing melting.

Yes, I see.

[narrator] The snow that helped
protect the ice from the sun

is now having
the opposite effect.

[Amy]
The water in the snow,

it's just trickling down
and pooling on the ice.

And as the temperatures warm up,

the ice starts to become--
We call it rotten.

The processes and changes
have been really quick,

a lot quicker than I thought
they were going to be.

So how long have we got?

[laughs]
That's a good question.

[narrator]
It's mid-summer,

and after drifting over
a thousand miles

from where they joined it,

their ice floe is now
just 80 miles from open ocean.

[Rex]
A typical summer day here

in this part of the Arctic...

you can't see much.

The warm, humid air
from the ocean

drifts above the sea ice,

and immediately
you get fog.

And that is why we now
had many, many days

of very foggy weather.

[narrator]
And the reduced visibility

makes it difficult
to spot danger.

[man, over radio]
We just received information

that there's a polar bear
in close vicinity.

Can you pick up five people
in the helicopter right now?

[Shupe] It seems like almost
a week straight

we've had bears
showing up in camp.

-[man] Hey, hey!
-[all shouting loudly]

[banging]

[gun pops]

[woman]
Yeah, this is a bite mark.

[Fong]
We're constantly stopping work.

Every day, we prepare

for the best-case scenario
that we're out there.

[growling]

But there's a very,
very good chance

that we won't be able
to complete today's work.

[boat horn blows]

[narrator]
Twenty-four-hour sunlight

is taking its toll
on the ice floe,

now just 30 miles
from the open ocean.

[Shupe] We're in a little more
tenuous situation.

Pretty soon, the ice will be
getting really thin

and potentially we'll be
starting to feel some waves.

We don't know how
it's going to play out,

and it could be a very
dangerous situation,

where the ice floe
breaks into small pieces.

It could be any day now.

We really want to keep
the instruments on the ice

as long as we can.

[Fong] Every day is a day
that you don't get back.

You get one day to do
the best possible science...

to do another set of exciting
activities as a part of MOSAiC.

[indistinct radio chatter]

Yeah, that's kind of nice.

So then we don't have
to bring things into the lab.

We can just fill it here
directly.

[woman]
Yeah.

[Fong] I've never worked
so hard in my life.

Just the schedule,
the pace of our work.

There's no time to breathe.

[Shupe]
People are working so hard,

around the clock,

to really maximize
our opportunity

to be here with the MOSAiC floe

in its last days
of existence.

[Fong] You know, sea ice,
it has a lifetime of its own.

And so we watched it grow

at the beginning
of legs one and two.

And now we're watching it decay.

[narrator]
And in 2020,

that decay is happening
especially fast.

A heat wave across the Arctic

has sparked wildfires
in Siberia.

Frozen ground and sea ice
are melting faster than ever.

But there's another
accelerating melt

that could be most
damaging of all.

Less than 200 miles from
the Polarstern is Greenland,

the world's largest island.

Covered in vast sheets of ice,
in places three miles deep,

it holds around 10%
of all the ice on Earth.

But it, too, is melting fast.

We've often thought that
ice sheets are quite stable,

and I think they're starting
to show signs of instability.

[John]
We have satellite observations

of melt on Greenland,

and we can see that the melt
is accelerating.

And that melt contributes
to sea level rise.

[narrator]
Unlike sea ice,

which doesn't directly affect
the level of the oceans,

melting ice from land will have
dramatic consequences.

[John]
It just is one of the scariest,

in my opinion,

impacts of climate change
in the polar regions,

is how high is sea level
going to go?

[Julienne]
So, you know,

when we look
at future projections,

we're looking at one metre to
three metres of sea level rise

at the end of the century,

are the best estimates
that we currently have.

Large parts of coastal regions
will be underwater.

If you look at forecasts
just for London...

London's going to be flooded.

[John]
Places like Florida,

you look at projections,

and this peninsula of land
just gets whittled away.

And then you have less developed
places, like Bangladesh,

with this vast,
low-lying coastal areas,

it impacts, you know,
the millions of people

that are living there.

[Julienne]
And so you're going to have
these mass migrations of people.

I mean, I don't know
what's going to happen.

[John]
It's a massive issue,

and there isn't any evidence
that it's turning around, right?

By the end of the 21st century,

sea levels are going to be
a lot higher than they are now.

And we'll be dealing
with those impacts.

[Rex]
Good morning, everybody.

We are at a distance
of nine nautical miles

from the ice edge.

And that is the distance where
we need to take things down.

It's time to say goodbye
to our research camp.

[applause]

Release!

[Shupe]
We measured right up to the end,

and actually
that feels great.

[Amy] We're working until
the very limit

to be able to work on this floe.

It's quite an exciting thing
to go through.

[Fong] So I wake up
and I go to the bridge...

[indistinct radio chatter]

...and there's nothing.

[Shupe]
Our floe is gone.

It's totally gone.

It's disintegrated
into a thousand pieces.

[Fong]
Overnight, we went from having
a floe that we could work on,

that we're moving
heavy equipment on,

to literally
shambles of ice.

It was incredible.

[narrator]
Soon after their ice floe
melts away into the ocean,

2020 is confirmed

as the second lowest summer
sea ice extent on record.

Across the Arctic,

vast areas are ice-free
for the first time ever.

There are even patches
of open water

at the North Pole itself.

[Julienne] We don't have
that much time left.

If you're thinking
in the next 20 years

the Arctic Ocean's going to lose
its summer sea ice,

that's a big climate shift.

And this isn't something
that has happened

in at least tens of thousands,

if not hundreds
of thousands of years.

[John]
As a climate scientist,

I have a sense of what changes
to expect in the next century.

But how society responds
to that,

I don't know.

What that means for unrest,

for displacement of millions
and millions of people...

It's scary.

The problem is
that climate change

is this gradual,
creeping change.

I think eventually we're going
to cross a threshold

where the weather
and the climate

becomes so different from
what we're able to deal with,

that it will become
a crisis.

It'll become urgent,
like Covid has been for us.

[Fong] Here's the question
I would like to pose:

Why not act now?

[Julienne]
We saw how quickly

the world can respond
when there's a threat,

an immediate threat,
like Covid.

[John]
Humans are very resilient.

We're very innovative.

We can come up with ways
to solve this.

But we need to start working
together more than we are.

MOSAiC is a symbol
of what we need to deal with

the challenges we face.

It's a global problem,
and you solve global problems

by acting as a global community.

[Shupe]
We're leaving the Arctic now

with a tremendous amount
of new knowledge.

What each team has found
has been really extraordinary.

The implications are huge.

[narrator]
They've found evidence
of our warming oceans...

discovered surprising
properties of Arctic snow...

and witnessed how
the ever-changing ice

impacts everything
from greenhouse gases

to our winds and weather.

Together, it's the most
complete picture

of the Arctic
ever created.

[Rex]
We bring back a treasure

of scientific data--

this treasure will influence
climate science forever.

[Vishnu]
I'm hopeful.

It's hard.

But we can make a change.

Always.

Saving the polar regions
is also saving our way of life.

[Fong]
The world is changing,

and there is something
that we can do about it,

but it takes us
making better choices

about our everyday lives.

And so, I hope that
what you've seen

encourages you to believe
in the power of science,

that as we continue
to be curious about our world,

it will help us protect it.

What is at stake?

Everything, I would say.

[♪]