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‐ Rebs!
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‐ Rebs!
Coming from the woods!
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Rebs!
In the left!
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Rebs!
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‐ Hurt bad, private?
‐ It's only a scratch, sir.
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‐ So you can fight?
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Come on now, boys.
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Pitch in.
I'm right behind you.
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Everyone hashis superstitions.
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One of my superstitionshas always been
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when I started to go anywhereor do anything,
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never to turn back or stop
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until the thing intendedwas accomplished.
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‐ General Grant.
‐ Sherman.
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‐ We've had the devil's
own day, haven't we?
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‐ Lick them tomorrow though.
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‐ Very few people reallyknow who Ulysses S. Grant was.
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‐ Today there is this sensethat he's forgotten.
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‐ He's been calledso many things over the years.
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‐ The greatest generalof his time.
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‐ A military genius.
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‐ A bloody butcher.
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‐ A corrupt President.
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‐ A belligerent drunkwho got lucky.
25
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He didn't get lucky.
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‐ Ulysses S. Grant isthis perfectly average,
27
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humble individual from a poor,
hardscrabble background...
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‐ With a lot of hard timesand failures in his life.
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‐ But he's got
this dogged determination
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and this bulldog mentality.
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‐ This guy comes
from nothing,
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rises to the highest ranksof the Union army.
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‐ Form your lines!
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‐ Fights bloody,terrible battles‐‐
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‐ With indomitable will‐‐
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‐ To save the Union.
37
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‐ To heal his country.
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‐ To lead the nationtowards justice for everybody.
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‐ He's the unheroic heroof our greatest national epic,
40
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the American Civil War.
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‐ It's truly
an American story,
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not only in patriotismto the nation,
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but for the values of who weare and who we aspire to be.
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‐ My family is Americanand has been for generations.
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At the breaking out of the warof the revolution,
46
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my grandfather went to jointhe Continental Army.
47
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He was presentat the Battle of Bunker Hill.
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I was born on the 27thof April, 1822, in Ohio.
49
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While my father carriedon the manufacture of leather,
50
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I detested the trade.
51
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‐ Ulys, get in here.
52
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About that colt, offer $20.
That's what it's worth.
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If old Ralston says no,
then you offer 25.
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Don't make a mess of it.
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‐ There was Mr. Ralston,
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living within a few milesof the village,
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who owned a coltwhich I very much wanted.
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Well?
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‐ Pop says I can offer you $20
for the colt,
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00:05:42,300 --> 00:05:45,929
but if you won't take that,
I can offer you 25.
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‐ 25 it is, son.
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‐ That transaction caused memuch heartburn.
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‐ Ulysses.
‐ Ulysses.
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00:06:00,068 --> 00:06:03,613
More like useless.
Useless Grant.
65
00:06:05,198 --> 00:06:08,493
‐ Grant as a kid showedno promise for anything.
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The local kids called him
Useless Grant
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00:06:11,204 --> 00:06:13,832
rather than Ulysses Grant.
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‐ Grant doesn't have,probably, the best childhood
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in terms
of an overbearing father.
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‐ Ulysses reallyhas nothing
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00:06:20,297 --> 00:06:22,090
in common with his father.
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He does not want to followin the family business,
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does not like the tannery.
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He's repulsed by the smell.
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He's repulsed
by the sight of blood.
76
00:06:29,139 --> 00:06:30,432
He just doesn't like it,
77
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but what he does like
is horses.
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He becomes an avid horseman
at a very young age,
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00:06:34,978 --> 00:06:38,565
and that's going to bevery helpful down the road.
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‐ I think his father thought,"What am I gonna do
81
00:06:40,859 --> 00:06:43,194
with Ulysses?"and so his father is able
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to get Grantan appointment to West Point,
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but he'd applied, apparently,
without Grant knowing,
84
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and so when the noticecame of the appointment,
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his father saysto Ulysses that,
86
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"You've got the appointment,"
87
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and Grant's response was,
"The appointment to what?"
88
00:06:56,249 --> 00:06:58,376
He goes, "Well, to West Point.
You're going to West Point."
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00:06:58,376 --> 00:07:00,795
‐ And Grant said,"I don't really think so,"
90
00:07:00,795 --> 00:07:03,923
and his father says,
"Yes‐‐yes, you are,"
91
00:07:03,923 --> 00:07:05,759
and he ends up going,
92
00:07:05,759 --> 00:07:08,845
but Grant emphatically
did not want to be a soldier.
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‐ I would have been glad tohave had a railroad collision
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00:07:12,515 --> 00:07:15,560
or any other accident happenby which I might have received
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a temporary injury sufficient
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to make me ineligibleto enter the academy.
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Nothing of the kind occurred,and I had to face the music.
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00:07:24,694 --> 00:07:28,990
‐ Sir, there's been a mistake.
99
00:07:28,990 --> 00:07:31,368
See, this says
Ulysses S. Grant.
100
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My name is Ulysses H. Grant.
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‐ You've been
officially accepted
102
00:07:40,585 --> 00:07:42,879
as Ulysses S. Grant.
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‐ Well, they got that wrong.
104
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‐ This is the name
that's been submitted.
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00:07:49,469 --> 00:07:53,056
This is the name
you shall have.
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‐ Um, yes, sir.
107
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‐ Let me see that.
108
00:08:04,567 --> 00:08:07,737
Ulysses S. Grant.
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00:08:07,737 --> 00:08:09,989
Longstreet,
this man's name is U. S. Grant.
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00:08:09,989 --> 00:08:12,575
‐ A fine appellation
if ever there was one.
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‐ Uncle Sam Grant.
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Well, Sam,
I'm William Tecumseh Sherman.
113
00:08:17,247 --> 00:08:19,249
This here is James Longstreet
of South Carolina.
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Call him Pete.
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00:08:20,417 --> 00:08:21,918
‐ Pleasure, sir.
‐ How do you do?
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‐ Welcome to West Point.
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‐ The initials U. S. Grant areactually a complete accident.
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When that name appears,
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his fellow cadets immediatelystart making nicknames.
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United States Grant,
Uncle Sam Grant,
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00:08:36,015 --> 00:08:39,686
and it's Sam
that sticks with him.
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00:08:39,686 --> 00:08:43,773
‐ If you attended West Point,
you were a very, very prime
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00:08:43,773 --> 00:08:46,609
specimen in the United States
of America at that point.
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00:08:46,609 --> 00:08:49,154
‐ Almost allof the senior generals
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00:08:49,154 --> 00:08:53,491
of the Civil War on both sides
graduated from West Point.
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00:08:53,491 --> 00:08:55,326
In the North you had Sherman.
127
00:08:55,326 --> 00:08:59,122
You had McClellan.You had Sheridan and Meade.
128
00:08:59,122 --> 00:09:01,124
In the South you hadStonewall Jackson.
129
00:09:01,124 --> 00:09:03,543
You had Longstreet.You had Jeb Stuart.
130
00:09:03,543 --> 00:09:05,503
You had Robert E. Lee.
131
00:09:05,503 --> 00:09:08,840
Lee was second in his class,one of the very rare cadets
132
00:09:08,840 --> 00:09:11,301
in historyto have no demerits.
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00:09:11,301 --> 00:09:13,720
‐ It was very important
at West Point that Grant
134
00:09:13,720 --> 00:09:17,515
met many of the future generals
of the Civil War.
135
00:09:17,515 --> 00:09:20,518
His intimate knowledgeof their personalities
136
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would fill him with confidence
137
00:09:22,187 --> 00:09:27,025
when he found them on the other
side of the battlefield.
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00:09:27,025 --> 00:09:29,402
‐ He was not a model cadet.
139
00:09:29,402 --> 00:09:30,945
He has plenty of demerits.
140
00:09:30,945 --> 00:09:33,156
‐ He was in the middleof his class.
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00:09:33,156 --> 00:09:36,493
As he confessed later on,
he mostly read novels.
142
00:09:36,493 --> 00:09:38,578
‐ But he was good in math.
143
00:09:38,578 --> 00:09:42,999
He enjoyed the art classes.
He enjoyed mapmaking classes.
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00:09:42,999 --> 00:09:45,668
‐ And he excelledat horsemanship.
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He could tameseemingly any horse.
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‐ Now unfortunately for Grant,when he graduates,
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00:09:53,718 --> 00:09:57,597
there were no spotsin the U. S. Cavalry,
148
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and so the best equestrian
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00:09:59,099 --> 00:10:00,975
in that particular
graduating class
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00:10:00,975 --> 00:10:02,852
ended up in the infantry.
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00:10:02,852 --> 00:10:07,690
‐ I reported for duty atJefferson barracks, St. Louis.
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00:10:07,690 --> 00:10:09,734
At West PointI had a roommate,
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00:10:09,734 --> 00:10:11,778
Fred Dent,
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00:10:11,778 --> 00:10:15,740
whose family resided some fivemiles west of the barracks.
155
00:10:15,740 --> 00:10:20,245
I soon found my way out toWhite Haven, the Dent estate.
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As I foundthe family congenial,
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my visits became frequent.
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‐ The Dents werea slave‐owning family.
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00:10:30,338 --> 00:10:34,008
They hadapproximately 30 slaves.
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00:10:34,008 --> 00:10:37,262
There's no evidencethat Grant felt discomfort
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00:10:37,262 --> 00:10:40,306
with the Dents' slavesat that point.
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By his own later admission,
he was not an abolitionist.
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During Grant's timein Missouri,
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the entire nation found itself
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divided over the issueof slavery.
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00:10:51,734 --> 00:10:55,280
The United States was engaged
in I would say
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kind of a fiction that you
could maintain national unity
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00:10:59,617 --> 00:11:01,828
if you created a balance
of slave and free states.
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00:11:01,828 --> 00:11:06,624
‐ Enslaved black people werethe largest asset of wealth
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00:11:06,624 --> 00:11:10,086
that we had in this country,and so many Americans
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00:11:10,086 --> 00:11:13,673
wanted to maintainthe right of enslavement,
172
00:11:13,673 --> 00:11:15,425
and when I say enslavement,
173
00:11:15,425 --> 00:11:16,968
I'm talking about for the right
to break up families,
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00:11:16,968 --> 00:11:18,261
for the right to sell
somebody's mother,
175
00:11:18,261 --> 00:11:19,679
somebody's kid away,
176
00:11:19,679 --> 00:11:21,639
for the rightto torture people.
177
00:11:21,639 --> 00:11:23,766
‐ So the question of slavery
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and the atrocitiesof the system
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was about the direction
that the nation would take
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00:11:28,646 --> 00:11:31,441
economically but also morally.
181
00:11:31,441 --> 00:11:36,404
‐ Grant's dad, Jesse, is
a huge anti‐slavery advocate.
182
00:11:36,404 --> 00:11:39,240
He's very vocal about
his opinions and his beliefs.
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00:11:39,240 --> 00:11:41,201
‐ So Grant would havebeen well aware
184
00:11:41,201 --> 00:11:44,037
of the long‐simmering
tensions
185
00:11:44,037 --> 00:11:48,833
between slaveholding
and non‐slaveholding states.
186
00:11:48,833 --> 00:11:53,338
At West Point he was friendswith slaveholding men,
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00:11:53,338 --> 00:11:56,216
many who becomesome of his closest friends.
188
00:11:56,216 --> 00:12:00,553
Grant certainly waspart of that tension.
189
00:12:05,892 --> 00:12:08,728
‐ Grant, you haven't yet
met my sister Julia.
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00:12:08,728 --> 00:12:13,566
Julia, this is Sam,
that is, Ulysses Grant.
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00:12:16,694 --> 00:12:19,530
‐ You haven't spoken,
Lieutenant Grant.
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00:12:19,530 --> 00:12:21,407
‐ That's our Grant.
193
00:12:21,407 --> 00:12:23,910
You'll find that he can
be silent in several languages.
194
00:12:23,910 --> 00:12:27,080
‐ Grant, far from lookingfor a girlfriend
195
00:12:27,080 --> 00:12:30,166
or looking for a wifeat the time,
196
00:12:30,166 --> 00:12:33,336
was as surprised as anyone
that he had fallen in love.
197
00:12:35,588 --> 00:12:39,175
‐ However, Julia Dent is
the daughter of a slave owner.
198
00:12:39,175 --> 00:12:41,719
It's gonna createsome dilemmas for Grant.
199
00:12:41,719 --> 00:12:43,513
It's gonna causea lot of friction
200
00:12:43,513 --> 00:12:45,932
because Jesse Grant,
anti‐slavery.
201
00:12:45,932 --> 00:12:47,558
Frederick Dent,
slave owner.
202
00:12:47,558 --> 00:12:49,936
The familiesare very much opposed.
203
00:12:49,936 --> 00:12:54,565
‐ So Grant has a secretengagement with Julia,
204
00:12:54,565 --> 00:12:56,776
and they were goingto approach
205
00:12:56,776 --> 00:12:58,236
Colonel Dent about it,
206
00:12:58,236 --> 00:13:00,780
but it's put on holdindefinitely
207
00:13:00,780 --> 00:13:03,533
as he's called
to the Mexican‐American War.
208
00:13:06,786 --> 00:13:09,414
‐ The thing that ledto the Mexican War
209
00:13:09,414 --> 00:13:12,458
was the westward expansion
of the United States
210
00:13:12,458 --> 00:13:14,877
into Mexican territory
211
00:13:14,877 --> 00:13:17,672
with an incrediblyaggressive foreign policy
212
00:13:17,672 --> 00:13:20,717
to unify the countryall the way to California,
213
00:13:20,717 --> 00:13:23,970
which was the crown jewelon the west coast.
214
00:13:23,970 --> 00:13:28,641
Mexico stood in the way,so the army marches in.
215
00:13:28,641 --> 00:13:31,602
Ulysses S. Grant is assignedas a quartermaster‐‐
216
00:13:31,602 --> 00:13:33,813
that is, a supply officer.
217
00:13:33,813 --> 00:13:36,774
Grant is a spectacularquartermaster,
218
00:13:36,774 --> 00:13:38,735
incredibly hands‐on,
219
00:13:38,735 --> 00:13:42,447
but he is itchingto get into combat.
220
00:13:42,447 --> 00:13:45,658
He is a 25‐year‐oldWest Point graduate
221
00:13:45,658 --> 00:13:49,454
who has an opportunity
to make a name for himself.
222
00:14:01,007 --> 00:14:02,759
‐ To Colonel Garland,
223
00:14:02,759 --> 00:14:05,178
I respectfully protestagainst being assigned
224
00:14:05,178 --> 00:14:06,512
the duties of quartermaster...
225
00:14:06,512 --> 00:14:08,306
Boys, load those boxes.
226
00:14:08,306 --> 00:14:10,183
Which removes mefrom sharing in the dangers
227
00:14:10,183 --> 00:14:14,103
and honors of servicewith my company at the front.
228
00:14:14,103 --> 00:14:18,357
‐ I need ammunition!
‐ Yes, sir!
229
00:14:18,357 --> 00:14:21,402
‐ Come on, guys, mount!
Rush in!
230
00:14:29,160 --> 00:14:32,455
‐ Ammunition!
Ammunition!
231
00:14:32,455 --> 00:14:34,207
Ammo, now!
232
00:14:34,207 --> 00:14:38,044
‐ Volunteer!
Volunteer!
233
00:14:39,879 --> 00:14:41,172
‐ I volunteer.
234
00:14:41,172 --> 00:14:42,882
‐ Grant, you're
the quartermaster.
235
00:14:42,882 --> 00:14:44,884
You don't need to do this.
‐ You asked for a volunteer.
236
00:14:44,884 --> 00:14:46,052
‐ I need ammunition!
Come on!
237
00:14:46,052 --> 00:14:48,304
‐ I volunteer.
238
00:14:48,304 --> 00:14:49,722
‐ We're gonna lose
this position
239
00:14:49,722 --> 00:14:52,016
unless we get ammunition
up here now.
240
00:15:13,162 --> 00:15:15,081
‐ God save you, Grant!
241
00:15:18,709 --> 00:15:20,169
‐ In the Mexican War,
242
00:15:20,169 --> 00:15:21,879
there's a verydramatic incident
243
00:15:21,879 --> 00:15:24,590
where Grant rideson the side of a horse
244
00:15:24,590 --> 00:15:26,175
using the horse as a shield
245
00:15:26,175 --> 00:15:28,594
as he ridesa gauntlet of bullets
246
00:15:28,594 --> 00:15:31,931
to keep these men supplied
in the middle of a battle.
247
00:15:31,931 --> 00:15:35,768
‐ In the Mexican War Grantlearns a very important lesson
248
00:15:35,768 --> 00:15:38,813
about his ownemotional makeup.
249
00:15:38,813 --> 00:15:40,189
In moments of extreme danger,
250
00:15:40,189 --> 00:15:42,859
when other people
are panicking,
251
00:15:42,859 --> 00:15:46,612
Grant becomes very coolin a crisis.
252
00:15:46,612 --> 00:15:51,617
He discovers nothing everrattled him in battle.
253
00:15:51,617 --> 00:15:53,286
‐ You want to know
254
00:15:53,286 --> 00:15:55,955
what my feelingswere on the field of battle?
255
00:15:55,955 --> 00:16:00,418
I do not know that I feltany peculiar sensation.
256
00:16:00,418 --> 00:16:04,672
War seems much less horribleto persons engaged in it
257
00:16:04,672 --> 00:16:07,258
than to thosewho read of the battle.
258
00:16:09,552 --> 00:16:13,181
‐ Grant watches people diehorrible deaths in battle.
259
00:16:13,181 --> 00:16:16,851
He loses many of his friends,one after the other,
260
00:16:16,851 --> 00:16:19,020
and so I think
he has a very clear sense
261
00:16:19,020 --> 00:16:22,523
of the costs of war
from the start.
262
00:16:22,523 --> 00:16:24,901
‐ Many West Point‐trainedofficers
263
00:16:24,901 --> 00:16:27,945
served together duringthe U. S. war with Mexico.
264
00:16:27,945 --> 00:16:30,406
That's where Grant metRobert E. Lee
265
00:16:30,406 --> 00:16:34,160
for the first time,
Grant as a lower‐level officer
266
00:16:34,160 --> 00:16:37,872
but Lee as a major
staff officer.
267
00:16:37,872 --> 00:16:40,625
Lee is a hero during the war.
268
00:16:43,336 --> 00:16:47,715
‐ The Mexican War endsin 1848.
269
00:16:47,715 --> 00:16:50,968
We have gotten exactly
what we want,
270
00:16:50,968 --> 00:16:54,180
most of the AmericanSouthwest,
271
00:16:54,180 --> 00:16:57,183
roughly 500,000 square milesof territory,
272
00:16:57,183 --> 00:16:59,602
all the wayto the Pacific Ocean,
273
00:16:59,602 --> 00:17:01,938
and the question of whetherthat land would be
274
00:17:01,938 --> 00:17:03,606
slave or free,of course,
275
00:17:03,606 --> 00:17:06,859
would raise its ugly head
pretty much every year
276
00:17:06,859 --> 00:17:10,029
after that right up to 1861.
277
00:17:10,029 --> 00:17:14,367
In many ways, the completionof the United States
278
00:17:14,367 --> 00:17:17,703
from sea to shining sealeads directly
279
00:17:17,703 --> 00:17:19,538
to the American Civil War.
280
00:17:37,056 --> 00:17:40,268
‐ By the time Grant cameback from the Mexican War,
281
00:17:40,268 --> 00:17:45,231
he had matured,and Julia was waiting for him,
282
00:17:45,231 --> 00:17:47,900
but Julia's father,Colonel Dent,
283
00:17:47,900 --> 00:17:49,277
thought she could do better.
284
00:17:49,277 --> 00:17:51,404
He thought thatthe military life
285
00:17:51,404 --> 00:17:54,323
would bevery difficult for her.
286
00:17:54,323 --> 00:17:56,909
‐ Grant eventually won
over Dent
287
00:17:56,909 --> 00:17:59,579
and asked to marry Julia.
288
00:17:59,579 --> 00:18:02,540
‐ But Grant came from
a strongly abolitionist family
289
00:18:02,540 --> 00:18:05,918
that was horrified
that he was marrying into
290
00:18:05,918 --> 00:18:08,462
this Missouri
slave‐owning family,
291
00:18:08,462 --> 00:18:12,300
and when Ulysses and Juliaget married in 1848,
292
00:18:12,300 --> 00:18:16,637
not a single memberof the Grant family is there.
293
00:18:21,100 --> 00:18:22,810
‐ The first years
294
00:18:22,810 --> 00:18:25,271
of that marriageare actually quite difficult.
295
00:18:25,271 --> 00:18:29,108
Grant is posted to thewest coast, to Fort Humboldt.
296
00:18:29,108 --> 00:18:32,320
Julia is expecting a child
and is thus unable
297
00:18:32,320 --> 00:18:35,239
to go with him
to the Pacific Northwest.
298
00:18:35,239 --> 00:18:36,782
‐ When he was separatedfrom his family,
299
00:18:36,782 --> 00:18:40,411
he missed them terribly,especially Julia,
300
00:18:40,411 --> 00:18:42,455
and Fort Humboldt
was an isolated,
301
00:18:42,455 --> 00:18:44,624
desolate place to be,
302
00:18:44,624 --> 00:18:48,919
so he really started to suffersignificant melancholy.
303
00:18:55,968 --> 00:18:58,179
‐ Dear Julia, the mail came
304
00:18:58,179 --> 00:19:00,056
but brought me nothingfrom you.
305
00:19:00,056 --> 00:19:02,642
I have only had one letterfrom you in three months.
306
00:19:02,642 --> 00:19:06,312
My dear wife, how very anxiousI am to get home once again.
307
00:19:06,312 --> 00:19:08,272
I sometimes get so anxious
308
00:19:08,272 --> 00:19:09,857
to see youand our little boys,
309
00:19:09,857 --> 00:19:11,651
I'm almost tempted to resign.
310
00:19:11,651 --> 00:19:13,653
Dear Julia,I do not feel
311
00:19:13,653 --> 00:19:18,157
as if it is possible to endurethis separation much longer.
312
00:19:25,164 --> 00:19:29,627
‐ Grant gets bored easilywhen there's nothing going on.
313
00:19:29,627 --> 00:19:34,090
He gets lonely, and that
is when you start seeing
314
00:19:34,090 --> 00:19:38,177
maybe some problems
with the drinking.
315
00:19:38,177 --> 00:19:40,221
‐ Thank you, sir.
316
00:19:43,224 --> 00:19:45,101
‐ When I have nothing to do,
317
00:19:45,101 --> 00:19:47,061
I get blue,
318
00:19:47,061 --> 00:19:50,690
and I havea natural craving for a drink.
319
00:19:52,942 --> 00:19:55,277
‐ Captain Grant.
320
00:20:04,286 --> 00:20:09,291
Grant, you know
the rules about drink.
321
00:20:17,717 --> 00:20:19,385
‐ This is whereall the stories
322
00:20:19,385 --> 00:20:21,846
of Grant's drinking start.
323
00:20:21,846 --> 00:20:25,725
I think there were some timeswhen he did drink.
324
00:20:25,725 --> 00:20:28,936
It was a story that circulatedamong army officers,
325
00:20:28,936 --> 00:20:33,357
and then later it became
an easy thing
326
00:20:33,357 --> 00:20:37,361
for those who vilified him
or wished to to seize on.
327
00:20:37,361 --> 00:20:40,906
It became one of the runningthemes of his life.
328
00:20:42,783 --> 00:20:46,579
‐ Grant, I'm sorry
it's come to this.
329
00:20:48,539 --> 00:20:50,291
You have a choice:
330
00:20:50,291 --> 00:20:54,754
resign or court martial.
331
00:21:18,652 --> 00:21:22,281
‐ Hey, mister,
you a soldier?
332
00:21:22,281 --> 00:21:25,117
‐ Uh, n‐no, I'm‐‐
333
00:21:25,117 --> 00:21:28,954
‐ Then why are you wearing
that old soldier's coat?
334
00:21:28,954 --> 00:21:33,709
‐ It's a good coat,
but I'm not a soldier anymore.
335
00:21:33,709 --> 00:21:35,544
‐ So what are you?
336
00:21:45,971 --> 00:21:49,391
‐ May I ask who you are?
337
00:21:49,391 --> 00:21:53,312
‐ Grant, Fred Grant.
338
00:21:53,312 --> 00:21:55,231
‐ Ulys!
339
00:21:58,651 --> 00:22:00,152
Ulys!
340
00:22:08,911 --> 00:22:11,580
‐ When Grant arrives backat White Haven,
341
00:22:11,580 --> 00:22:14,333
it must have been anabsolutely surreal experience.
342
00:22:14,333 --> 00:22:18,754
He hadn't seen his wife,Julia, in two years.
343
00:22:18,754 --> 00:22:23,676
He hadn't seen his young son,Fred, in two years,
344
00:22:23,676 --> 00:22:25,886
and he had never even met
his youngest son,
345
00:22:25,886 --> 00:22:29,431
Ulysses Jr.‐‐
his namesake.
346
00:22:29,431 --> 00:22:31,517
‐ Grant is now very much
347
00:22:31,517 --> 00:22:33,227
lorded over byhis father‐in‐law,
348
00:22:33,227 --> 00:22:36,188
Colonel Dent,
who is convinced
349
00:22:36,188 --> 00:22:39,859
that his daughter
has married beneath her.
350
00:22:39,859 --> 00:22:44,864
So there's a slow burngoing on in Ulysses Grant.
351
00:22:44,864 --> 00:22:46,907
‐ Grant wantsto be independent.
352
00:22:46,907 --> 00:22:48,868
He wants to get outof the main house,
353
00:22:48,868 --> 00:22:53,873
to get away from Colonel Dent,and so he builds Hardscrabble
354
00:22:53,873 --> 00:22:57,376
on the 60 acres givenby Colonel Dent to Julia.
355
00:22:57,376 --> 00:23:00,379
He's got to clear the land,clear the wood.
356
00:23:00,379 --> 00:23:03,340
He wants to have his familyin their own home.
357
00:23:03,340 --> 00:23:07,344
That is the independentstreak in him.
358
00:23:11,140 --> 00:23:14,685
Julia had absolute trustin her husband.
359
00:23:14,685 --> 00:23:18,355
He wasn't lookingfor fame, fortune.
360
00:23:18,355 --> 00:23:21,901
His ambitions centeredon his family.
361
00:23:21,901 --> 00:23:24,236
He would say,"You know my weaknesses,
362
00:23:24,236 --> 00:23:26,196
my horses and my children."
363
00:23:30,409 --> 00:23:32,786
‐ Grant is now faced
364
00:23:32,786 --> 00:23:34,955
with the challengeof making a living.
365
00:23:34,955 --> 00:23:37,416
He tried farming.
That doesn't work out so well.
366
00:23:37,416 --> 00:23:40,836
He tries a real estatebusiness in St. Louis,
367
00:23:40,836 --> 00:23:43,756
but he's not really very goodat collecting rent.
368
00:23:43,756 --> 00:23:46,091
He tries to get a jobas a surveyor,
369
00:23:46,091 --> 00:23:47,760
and he isn't able to get that.
370
00:23:47,760 --> 00:23:50,429
He doesn't really knowwhat to do.
371
00:23:50,429 --> 00:23:53,933
What's staring himin the face is poverty.
372
00:23:53,933 --> 00:23:58,270
‐ I did not want to flyfrom one thing to another,
373
00:23:58,270 --> 00:24:02,691
but I was compelled to makea living for my family.
374
00:24:02,691 --> 00:24:05,778
If nothing else could be done,I would load a cord of wood
375
00:24:05,778 --> 00:24:08,447
and take it to the cityfor sale.
376
00:24:16,163 --> 00:24:18,666
‐ Captain Grant?
‐ Whoa, whoa.
377
00:24:21,961 --> 00:24:25,673
‐ I served under you in Mexico,
Molino del Rey.
378
00:24:25,673 --> 00:24:27,132
‐ Oh.
379
00:24:27,132 --> 00:24:30,886
‐ Hell of a day, sir.
‐ Yes.
380
00:24:32,137 --> 00:24:34,223
‐ May I ask
what you're doing, sir?
381
00:24:36,141 --> 00:24:38,477
‐ Solving the problem
of poverty.
382
00:24:42,856 --> 00:24:44,733
‐ Sir.
383
00:24:47,695 --> 00:24:51,907
‐ Many people think thatGrant selling firewood
384
00:24:51,907 --> 00:24:53,701
was beneath him,
385
00:24:53,701 --> 00:24:57,037
but the reality was he was
willing to do whatever it took
386
00:24:57,037 --> 00:24:59,164
to provide for his family.
387
00:24:59,164 --> 00:25:02,710
I think that's the core
of Ulysses S. Grant.
388
00:25:02,710 --> 00:25:04,837
You will encounter hardships.
389
00:25:04,837 --> 00:25:07,506
You will encounter failures,
390
00:25:07,506 --> 00:25:09,049
but you've gotto keep pushing.
391
00:25:09,049 --> 00:25:11,552
You've gotta keep persevering.
392
00:25:14,179 --> 00:25:16,390
‐ He also, however,was living
393
00:25:16,390 --> 00:25:18,934
in a kindof divided household.
394
00:25:18,934 --> 00:25:21,186
He's living withthe Dent slaves,
395
00:25:21,186 --> 00:25:24,356
and Grant grew up in a home
where his own father
396
00:25:24,356 --> 00:25:27,693
was very vocal
in his anti‐slavery attitudes.
397
00:25:27,693 --> 00:25:31,196
He is not an abolitionist.
398
00:25:31,196 --> 00:25:34,116
In fact, Grant acquiresfrom Colonel Dent
399
00:25:34,116 --> 00:25:35,909
a slave,William Jones,
400
00:25:35,909 --> 00:25:38,871
but he's criticizedby the Dents
401
00:25:38,871 --> 00:25:40,372
and by their neighbors
402
00:25:40,372 --> 00:25:43,375
for working alongside
the slaves in the fields.
403
00:25:43,375 --> 00:25:47,046
‐ He actually got ridiculedby some of his neighbors
404
00:25:47,046 --> 00:25:49,840
for being too nice
to his wife's slaves,
405
00:25:49,840 --> 00:25:52,217
that he was notwhipping them enough.
406
00:25:52,217 --> 00:25:54,553
‐ I don't know whya black skin
407
00:25:54,553 --> 00:25:59,391
may not cover a true heartas well as a white one.
408
00:25:59,391 --> 00:26:02,895
‐ In the late 1850s,
Grant obviously
409
00:26:02,895 --> 00:26:07,441
was already wrestling
with this slavery issue.
410
00:26:07,441 --> 00:26:11,445
‐ And then this newpolitical party surfaces,
411
00:26:11,445 --> 00:26:13,614
the Republicans,
412
00:26:13,614 --> 00:26:16,241
and they haveas their platform
413
00:26:16,241 --> 00:26:18,494
not the abolition of slavery
414
00:26:18,494 --> 00:26:20,662
but to stop slavery
from spreading
415
00:26:20,662 --> 00:26:23,373
to new territoriesof the United States.
416
00:26:23,373 --> 00:26:25,959
‐ Slaveholdersdon't see it that way,
417
00:26:25,959 --> 00:26:29,588
and they believe that all
Republicans want to end slavery
418
00:26:29,588 --> 00:26:31,590
even in the slaveholding South.
419
00:26:31,590 --> 00:26:36,845
Neither side is happy,and things start amping up.
420
00:26:36,845 --> 00:26:40,015
‐ Grant found himself caught
in the crossfire
421
00:26:40,015 --> 00:26:44,103
between the abolitionist Grants
and the slave‐owning Dents,
422
00:26:44,103 --> 00:26:46,814
but he had enough reservationsabout slavery
423
00:26:46,814 --> 00:26:48,732
that in March 1859
424
00:26:48,732 --> 00:26:52,111
Grant goes to the circuitcourt in St. Louis.
425
00:26:52,111 --> 00:26:58,408
‐ Name, age?
‐ Jones, William, 34.
426
00:27:01,203 --> 00:27:02,955
‐ Prices are up.
427
00:27:02,955 --> 00:27:06,291
I've got a friend
that'll get you $1,000 for him.
428
00:27:06,291 --> 00:27:07,543
Are you sure you want
to let him free
429
00:27:07,543 --> 00:27:09,336
when you can make some money?
430
00:27:09,336 --> 00:27:10,796
‐ Yes.
431
00:27:42,703 --> 00:27:44,496
God protect you, William.
432
00:27:47,666 --> 00:27:50,168
‐ You also, sir.
433
00:27:56,717 --> 00:28:00,012
‐ Grant sets him free.
434
00:28:00,012 --> 00:28:04,016
When you imagine Grant
restoring freedom
435
00:28:04,016 --> 00:28:05,851
to an enslaved human,
436
00:28:05,851 --> 00:28:08,520
you have to imagine, like,
walking away from your house.
437
00:28:08,520 --> 00:28:10,397
I hate to be
that callous about it,
438
00:28:10,397 --> 00:28:11,940
but you have to imaginewalking away
439
00:28:11,940 --> 00:28:13,775
from the greatest asset
440
00:28:13,775 --> 00:28:17,029
you could possibly haveat a time when you're poor.
441
00:28:17,029 --> 00:28:18,655
You're not gonna
sell the house.
442
00:28:18,655 --> 00:28:20,532
You're gonna walk
away from it.
443
00:28:20,532 --> 00:28:22,784
Uh, it's a tremendous act
of courage.
444
00:28:28,248 --> 00:28:31,793
‐ So finally in 1860, one yearbefore the Civil War,
445
00:28:31,793 --> 00:28:35,923
Grant, in what must have felt
like the ultimate humiliation,
446
00:28:35,923 --> 00:28:40,260
goes to his overbearing father
and begs his father for a job
447
00:28:40,260 --> 00:28:42,846
as a clerk in his father'sleather goods store
448
00:28:42,846 --> 00:28:46,058
in Bologna, Illinois.
449
00:28:46,058 --> 00:28:48,644
He is bored and restless.
450
00:28:48,644 --> 00:28:54,691
He seems destined for a lifeof complete obscurity.
451
00:28:54,691 --> 00:28:58,070
‐ During that time
there's an idealistic visionary
452
00:28:58,070 --> 00:29:01,740
from the west
beginning to emerge
453
00:29:01,740 --> 00:29:04,743
with a special kindof speaking ability,
454
00:29:04,743 --> 00:29:07,955
who could translatea sort of folksy,
455
00:29:07,955 --> 00:29:11,249
homespun understandingof American affairs
456
00:29:11,249 --> 00:29:13,418
to the wider public,
457
00:29:13,418 --> 00:29:15,504
and he becomesthe Republican Party's
458
00:29:15,504 --> 00:29:18,799
standard bearerin the election of 1860,
459
00:29:18,799 --> 00:29:20,926
and that manwas Abraham Lincoln.
460
00:29:24,179 --> 00:29:27,474
‐ I wanted to seeMr. Lincoln elected.
461
00:29:27,474 --> 00:29:29,267
Excitement ran high,
462
00:29:29,267 --> 00:29:34,272
and torch‐led processionsenlivened the street.
463
00:29:34,272 --> 00:29:38,068
‐ As the secessionmovement gained traction,
464
00:29:38,068 --> 00:29:40,487
Grant was likemany northerners
465
00:29:40,487 --> 00:29:42,948
and a sizeable numberof southerners
466
00:29:42,948 --> 00:29:46,284
who wondered what we could do
to keep the Union together.
467
00:29:46,284 --> 00:29:48,662
He didn't want the Union
to break up.
468
00:29:48,662 --> 00:29:50,539
He thought that
would be a disaster.
469
00:29:50,539 --> 00:29:54,501
‐ I still had hopes for theextreme pro‐slavery sentiment
470
00:29:54,501 --> 00:29:56,795
to cool down,
471
00:29:56,795 --> 00:29:59,798
but I was mistaken.
472
00:29:59,798 --> 00:30:03,176
‐ The electionof Abraham Lincoln in 1860
473
00:30:03,176 --> 00:30:08,682
is a direct‐‐
direct assault on the South.
474
00:30:08,682 --> 00:30:12,144
The South is feelingcompletely under attack,
475
00:30:12,144 --> 00:30:14,646
that the new governmentis going to come in,
476
00:30:14,646 --> 00:30:17,315
and they're gonna take awayall their slaves,
477
00:30:17,315 --> 00:30:19,985
and we're not gonna bea part of a country
478
00:30:19,985 --> 00:30:23,030
that isn't going to help
preserve our way of life.
479
00:30:23,030 --> 00:30:25,699
Now we've gone and electedthis guy
480
00:30:25,699 --> 00:30:28,243
from outin the middle of Illinois,
481
00:30:28,243 --> 00:30:31,496
this little know‐nothing
lawyer...
482
00:30:35,167 --> 00:30:37,669
And it's on.
483
00:30:37,669 --> 00:30:39,880
‐ A few days afterLincoln's election,
484
00:30:39,880 --> 00:30:43,341
South Caroline callsfor a secession convention,
485
00:30:43,341 --> 00:30:45,177
and on December the 20th, 1860,
486
00:30:45,177 --> 00:30:49,473
they pull themselvesout of the Union.
487
00:30:49,473 --> 00:30:51,683
Mississippi and Floridaare the second
488
00:30:51,683 --> 00:30:54,019
and third states to follow.
489
00:30:54,019 --> 00:30:58,023
By February 1861,seven deep Southern states
490
00:30:58,023 --> 00:31:01,610
have left the union to formthe Confederate States.
491
00:31:01,610 --> 00:31:05,447
Four additional stateswill leave after the firing
492
00:31:05,447 --> 00:31:07,282
on Fort Sumter.
493
00:31:07,282 --> 00:31:09,701
‐ When Southern coastalstates seceded,
494
00:31:09,701 --> 00:31:12,204
they considered all
of the forts property
495
00:31:12,204 --> 00:31:13,497
of the Confederacy.
496
00:31:13,497 --> 00:31:14,706
Obviously
the federal government
497
00:31:14,706 --> 00:31:15,957
didn't see it that way,
498
00:31:15,957 --> 00:31:17,709
and Lincoln said
he would possess,
499
00:31:17,709 --> 00:31:19,795
hold, and occupy
federal property.
500
00:31:19,795 --> 00:31:22,672
The Confederates wantedthe Union soldiers to leave.
501
00:31:22,672 --> 00:31:26,301
They would not, and the South
opened fire to bombard
502
00:31:26,301 --> 00:31:28,053
Fort Sumter into submission.
503
00:31:31,098 --> 00:31:33,266
‐ The war breaks out,
504
00:31:33,266 --> 00:31:36,561
and the United Statesgovernment is desperate
505
00:31:36,561 --> 00:31:38,897
for anyone who's had any kind
of military experience.
506
00:31:38,897 --> 00:31:42,067
‐ Lincoln calls for75,000 volunteers
507
00:31:42,067 --> 00:31:44,402
to suppress the rebellion.
508
00:31:44,402 --> 00:31:45,904
‐ Most people in the North
509
00:31:45,904 --> 00:31:47,614
thought this would be
a short event.
510
00:31:47,614 --> 00:31:50,117
The Union wouldwin this war quickly
511
00:31:50,117 --> 00:31:51,451
with its military might,
512
00:31:51,451 --> 00:31:53,954
with its railroads,with its brave soldiers.
513
00:31:53,954 --> 00:31:57,082
‐ Back in Galena, Illinois,
Grant has a friend,
514
00:31:57,082 --> 00:31:59,751
John Rawlins,who has received a commission
515
00:31:59,751 --> 00:32:03,588
from the governorto organize a regiment.
516
00:32:08,093 --> 00:32:10,262
‐ It's damn suicide,
don't you think?
517
00:32:10,262 --> 00:32:12,264
‐ I'd give them 90 days,
518
00:32:12,264 --> 00:32:14,391
but then again,
the South can claim
519
00:32:14,391 --> 00:32:17,602
more than half the officers
at West Point,
520
00:32:17,602 --> 00:32:19,146
and I've seen them in Mexico.
521
00:32:19,146 --> 00:32:21,857
Quick on counterattacks,
522
00:32:21,857 --> 00:32:24,317
know the terrain.
523
00:32:24,317 --> 00:32:26,194
Can't underestimate them.
524
00:32:28,155 --> 00:32:30,490
‐ I'm speaking at
the courthouse later,
525
00:32:30,490 --> 00:32:32,659
hoping to raise
a regiment here.
526
00:32:32,659 --> 00:32:34,494
I'm sure the young men
would respect a soldier
527
00:32:34,494 --> 00:32:37,497
with your experience.
‐ Mm.
528
00:32:37,497 --> 00:32:39,166
I'm no speaker.
529
00:32:39,166 --> 00:32:40,458
‐ Oh, hell,
530
00:32:40,458 --> 00:32:42,794
I'm not asking you to speak.
531
00:32:46,214 --> 00:32:48,550
I'm asking you to lead.
532
00:33:08,069 --> 00:33:11,156
‐ The call of thePresident for 75,000 men
533
00:33:11,156 --> 00:33:13,825
was heard throughoutthe northern states.
534
00:33:18,330 --> 00:33:20,916
There werebut two parties now,
535
00:33:20,916 --> 00:33:23,877
traitors and patriots.
536
00:33:25,837 --> 00:33:29,132
‐ We don't see a lotof expressions of emotion
537
00:33:29,132 --> 00:33:33,094
from Grant until we talkabout the South seceding,
538
00:33:33,094 --> 00:33:35,430
rebelling against
the United States of America.
539
00:33:35,430 --> 00:33:39,935
This‐‐this grinds
at Ulysses S. Grant.
540
00:33:39,935 --> 00:33:41,770
He grows up listeningabout his relatives
541
00:33:41,770 --> 00:33:43,772
fighting in the revolution,
542
00:33:43,772 --> 00:33:46,858
and so he is very emotional
about this idea of traitors.
543
00:33:46,858 --> 00:33:50,111
‐ Dear Father,my inclination is to whip
544
00:33:50,111 --> 00:33:52,113
the rebellion into submission.
545
00:33:52,113 --> 00:33:54,074
‐ When Jefferson Davisis sworn in
546
00:33:54,074 --> 00:33:55,992
as Confederate president,
547
00:33:55,992 --> 00:34:00,580
Grant is so upset by it that
he shakes his fist in the air
548
00:34:00,580 --> 00:34:05,877
and says, "Davis and the whole
gang of them ought to be hung."
549
00:34:07,587 --> 00:34:09,256
‐ Many peoplein the United States
550
00:34:09,256 --> 00:34:10,966
thought that this experiment
551
00:34:10,966 --> 00:34:13,343
that the founding fathers
had put in place
552
00:34:13,343 --> 00:34:15,679
was in fact stillan experiment
553
00:34:15,679 --> 00:34:17,639
and was in jeopardy,
554
00:34:17,639 --> 00:34:20,642
and this notion of fightingfor the Union was tied up
555
00:34:20,642 --> 00:34:24,521
in believing that whatthe founders had created
556
00:34:24,521 --> 00:34:28,566
was in fact worth fighting forand worth saving,
557
00:34:28,566 --> 00:34:31,027
and that's why so many menwere willing
558
00:34:31,027 --> 00:34:35,991
to risk their livesto fight for the Union.
559
00:34:35,991 --> 00:34:37,450
‐ Beginning of the war,
560
00:34:37,450 --> 00:34:39,703
we have about31 million people
561
00:34:39,703 --> 00:34:41,162
in the United States.
562
00:34:41,162 --> 00:34:43,832
About 21 millionlive in the North.
563
00:34:43,832 --> 00:34:46,167
About 10 million of themlive in the South,
564
00:34:46,167 --> 00:34:49,337
but in the South about fourmillion of them are slaves,
565
00:34:49,337 --> 00:34:54,384
so it's really 6 millionagainst 21 million.
566
00:34:54,384 --> 00:34:57,804
The South is 80% agricultural,but what do they grow?
567
00:34:57,804 --> 00:35:01,558
Tobacco, cotton,
indigo, rice, corn.
568
00:35:01,558 --> 00:35:03,893
Well, you can only eat
two of those.
569
00:35:03,893 --> 00:35:07,981
From people to manufacturingto technology,
570
00:35:07,981 --> 00:35:11,693
the North has allthe advantages over the South,
571
00:35:11,693 --> 00:35:13,820
but that doesn't make it
a foregone conclusion
572
00:35:13,820 --> 00:35:15,280
about who will win
573
00:35:15,280 --> 00:35:17,699
because ultimately,
war is a clash of wills,
574
00:35:17,699 --> 00:35:19,659
and in this clash of wills,
575
00:35:19,659 --> 00:35:22,662
maybe, just maybethe South would win.
576
00:35:26,333 --> 00:35:27,751
‐ After southern secession,
577
00:35:27,751 --> 00:35:29,377
the federal government
578
00:35:29,377 --> 00:35:32,380
was looking for a commander,
579
00:35:32,380 --> 00:35:34,341
this new Union army
580
00:35:34,341 --> 00:35:37,719
that was going to try
to restore the republic.
581
00:35:37,719 --> 00:35:39,471
The first namethat comes to mind
582
00:35:39,471 --> 00:35:43,016
is Robert E. Lee,a Virginian.
583
00:35:43,016 --> 00:35:45,810
‐ Lee was offered
the command of the Union army
584
00:35:45,810 --> 00:35:47,771
and, of course,did some deep thinking
585
00:35:47,771 --> 00:35:49,731
and then decidedthat his allegiance
586
00:35:49,731 --> 00:35:52,484
was to the South and Virginia.
587
00:35:54,402 --> 00:35:56,237
‐ Ulysses S. Grant,however,
588
00:35:56,237 --> 00:35:59,741
starts the Civil Waras a nobody,
589
00:35:59,741 --> 00:36:02,035
but he gets a big breakwhen the governor of Illinois
590
00:36:02,035 --> 00:36:05,246
appoints him as commander of
one of the Illinois regiments,
591
00:36:05,246 --> 00:36:08,667
and that will start
his military career again.
592
00:36:09,876 --> 00:36:11,878
‐ And so having comefrom the tannery
593
00:36:11,878 --> 00:36:15,215
and now having this windowof opportunity with this war
594
00:36:15,215 --> 00:36:17,676
to get back in the army,
to take command,
595
00:36:17,676 --> 00:36:20,720
he recognizes that
"I must seize it," and he does.
596
00:36:20,720 --> 00:36:23,181
‐ Grant comes outof a series of failures
597
00:36:23,181 --> 00:36:24,808
in his civilian life.
598
00:36:24,808 --> 00:36:28,478
At one point, he has
to literally sell his watch
599
00:36:28,478 --> 00:36:31,606
to buy Christmas presents
for his wife and children,
600
00:36:31,606 --> 00:36:34,943
and now all of a suddenhe's back in uniform.
601
00:36:34,943 --> 00:36:36,569
‐ Grant comes inwith a firm hand.
602
00:36:36,569 --> 00:36:38,655
He whips this regimentinto shape,
603
00:36:38,655 --> 00:36:42,409
and people start realizing
maybe we've got something here.
604
00:36:43,993 --> 00:36:47,414
‐ In the military,he was home again.
605
00:36:47,414 --> 00:36:48,915
There was somethingabout the way
606
00:36:48,915 --> 00:36:51,960
he unsheathed his sword,
the way he gave orders
607
00:36:51,960 --> 00:36:55,046
that people suddenly
listened to and obeyed.
608
00:36:57,006 --> 00:36:59,175
‐ Very soon afterthe war began,
609
00:36:59,175 --> 00:37:03,054
Grant gets orders to takehis men into Kentucky,
610
00:37:03,054 --> 00:37:07,475
as much for political reasons
as for military reasons.
611
00:37:07,475 --> 00:37:09,811
‐ Kentucky is one offour slaveholding states
612
00:37:09,811 --> 00:37:12,772
that will remain
precariously tethered
613
00:37:12,772 --> 00:37:14,274
to the Union
throughout the war.
614
00:37:14,274 --> 00:37:17,569
We called thosethe border states.
615
00:37:17,569 --> 00:37:19,404
‐ Abraham Lincolnwas very concerned
616
00:37:19,404 --> 00:37:22,115
about keeping Kentuckyin the Union.
617
00:37:22,115 --> 00:37:24,576
He said, "To lose Kentucky
is nearly the same
618
00:37:24,576 --> 00:37:26,369
as to lose the whole game."
619
00:37:26,369 --> 00:37:27,954
He thought the otherborder states
620
00:37:27,954 --> 00:37:30,582
might follow suit as well.
621
00:37:30,582 --> 00:37:35,170
And then a Confederate armymarched into Kentucky,
622
00:37:35,170 --> 00:37:39,466
so Grant moves as fast as hecan to Paducah, Kentucky.
623
00:37:52,437 --> 00:37:54,564
‐ Dear Julia,
624
00:37:54,564 --> 00:37:57,066
secession flagswere flying through Paducah
625
00:37:57,066 --> 00:38:00,487
in anticipationof Southern troops.
626
00:38:00,487 --> 00:38:04,949
Our arrival, therefore, putquite a damper on their hopes.
627
00:38:16,795 --> 00:38:18,338
Come away from the window.
628
00:38:18,338 --> 00:38:20,507
Those are Yankees.
629
00:38:23,051 --> 00:38:25,345
‐ General, it's time.
Troops are moving in.
630
00:38:35,355 --> 00:38:38,733
‐ Citizens of Paducah,I have come among you
631
00:38:38,733 --> 00:38:40,652
not as your enemybut as your friend
632
00:38:40,652 --> 00:38:45,365
and fellow citizen,not to injure or annoy you
633
00:38:45,365 --> 00:38:47,575
but to respect the rightsand to defend
634
00:38:47,575 --> 00:38:52,539
and enforce the rightsof all loyal citizens.
635
00:38:52,539 --> 00:38:56,584
‐ Grant issues a proclamationto try to quell civilian fear,
636
00:38:56,584 --> 00:38:58,920
and Abraham Lincolntakes note.
637
00:38:58,920 --> 00:39:02,507
Lincoln right away saw that
proclamation and recognized,
638
00:39:02,507 --> 00:39:06,344
"Here's a man who understandspeople and is plain‐spoken,
639
00:39:06,344 --> 00:39:08,680
just like me."
640
00:39:10,306 --> 00:39:13,560
‐ Grant successfullyoccupied Paducah, Kentucky
641
00:39:13,560 --> 00:39:15,228
without a shot being fired,
642
00:39:15,228 --> 00:39:17,188
and so he gets ordersto attack
643
00:39:17,188 --> 00:39:20,275
a Confederate supply linkon the Mississippi River
644
00:39:20,275 --> 00:39:23,069
at the small villageof Belmont.
645
00:39:23,069 --> 00:39:24,946
Belmont is very important.
646
00:39:24,946 --> 00:39:28,992
It's Grant's first real test
of combat in the Civil War.
647
00:39:28,992 --> 00:39:30,785
‐ My dear Julia,
648
00:39:30,785 --> 00:39:33,705
what you are to look out forI cannot tell you,
649
00:39:33,705 --> 00:39:36,416
but your husband will neverdisgrace you
650
00:39:36,416 --> 00:39:39,043
nor leave a defeated field.
651
00:40:02,191 --> 00:40:05,069
‐ Captain, flush
these rebels out now.
652
00:40:05,069 --> 00:40:06,112
Go on.
Go.
653
00:40:06,112 --> 00:40:07,363
‐ Yes, sir.
654
00:40:07,363 --> 00:40:08,656
‐ Whoo, let themtaste this steel!
655
00:40:08,656 --> 00:40:10,825
‐ Form up!On me!
656
00:40:28,927 --> 00:40:30,595
‐ Find the ammunition, boys!
657
00:40:33,139 --> 00:40:35,350
‐ The Confederates abandonedtheir camp,
658
00:40:35,350 --> 00:40:38,728
and these Union forces,these are guys who just fought
659
00:40:38,728 --> 00:40:41,648
their first battle,very light casualties,
660
00:40:41,648 --> 00:40:45,360
and so they are euphoric
at this point.
661
00:40:45,360 --> 00:40:48,863
‐ Grant has won, seemingly,a significant victory here,
662
00:40:48,863 --> 00:40:52,158
but his troops
lose all discipline.
663
00:40:52,158 --> 00:40:55,453
Don't mind if I do!
664
00:40:55,453 --> 00:40:58,081
‐ Show me that blood
on your hands!
665
00:41:00,291 --> 00:41:04,087
‐ Hey, boys,
look what I found.
666
00:41:04,087 --> 00:41:10,051
‐ Captain, control your men!
‐ Yes, sir!
667
00:41:10,051 --> 00:41:12,136
‐ Now I can hit them Yankees.
668
00:41:13,930 --> 00:41:15,682
‐ Run!
669
00:41:21,604 --> 00:41:24,148
‐ Captain,
control your men!
670
00:41:24,148 --> 00:41:26,109
‐ Yes, sir!
671
00:41:26,109 --> 00:41:28,778
‐ At Grant's firstengagement at Belmont,
672
00:41:28,778 --> 00:41:31,531
the Confederatescounterattacked.
673
00:41:36,619 --> 00:41:38,287
‐ Into the trees!
674
00:41:38,287 --> 00:41:40,665
We cut our way in.
We cut our way out.
675
00:41:40,665 --> 00:41:43,334
‐ Keep your head down!
‐ Into the trees!
676
00:41:43,334 --> 00:41:45,003
‐ They organizeda fighting retreat
677
00:41:45,003 --> 00:41:46,671
north to the riverboats
678
00:41:46,671 --> 00:41:49,465
that were going to give them
their means of escape.
679
00:41:49,465 --> 00:41:51,843
Grant was the last manto get on board ship.
680
00:41:51,843 --> 00:41:53,678
The boat had already untied
681
00:41:53,678 --> 00:41:55,680
and was starting to driftout into the river,
682
00:41:55,680 --> 00:41:58,224
and Grant actuallyrode his horse
683
00:41:58,224 --> 00:42:01,519
across the gangplankonto the riverboat.
684
00:42:01,519 --> 00:42:04,522
It was an amazing featof horsemanship,
685
00:42:04,522 --> 00:42:07,525
and Grant, in his typicalself‐deprecating style,
686
00:42:07,525 --> 00:42:11,529
he gave all the credit
to the horse.
687
00:42:11,529 --> 00:42:13,990
He made some serious mistakes.
688
00:42:13,990 --> 00:42:18,536
He lost control of his men,but he is learning,
689
00:42:18,536 --> 00:42:19,996
and coming out
of the Battle of Belmont,
690
00:42:19,996 --> 00:42:21,789
he's looking
for the next fight.
691
00:42:25,043 --> 00:42:27,295
‐ In the early yearsof the war
692
00:42:27,295 --> 00:42:30,548
there are reallytwo distinct theaters.
693
00:42:30,548 --> 00:42:32,592
You have the eastern theater,
694
00:42:32,592 --> 00:42:36,345
where a series of different
Union commanders prove
695
00:42:36,345 --> 00:42:40,058
incapable of really puttingthe pressure on the South
696
00:42:40,058 --> 00:42:43,895
that President Lincolnwants to see,
697
00:42:43,895 --> 00:42:45,688
and then you have
the western theater,
698
00:42:45,688 --> 00:42:47,482
which is where Grant is.
699
00:42:47,482 --> 00:42:49,984
‐ In that western theater,the Union's strategy
700
00:42:49,984 --> 00:42:51,736
is going to be
701
00:42:51,736 --> 00:42:54,864
to occupy key transportation
facilities in the west,
702
00:42:54,864 --> 00:42:57,950
open up the entire Mississippi
if they can,
703
00:42:57,950 --> 00:43:00,369
and it was rather simpleto look on a map
704
00:43:00,369 --> 00:43:03,206
where the Confederatestrong points were
705
00:43:03,206 --> 00:43:05,917
and see where
the dominoes might fall.
706
00:43:05,917 --> 00:43:09,087
Grant could plainly seethat the most obvious ones‐‐
707
00:43:09,087 --> 00:43:10,713
the northernmost ones‐‐
708
00:43:10,713 --> 00:43:13,883
were clearlyForts Henry and Donelson.
709
00:43:13,883 --> 00:43:15,718
They commanded key rivers,
710
00:43:15,718 --> 00:43:17,720
and he could usethose key rivers
711
00:43:17,720 --> 00:43:22,433
to advance directlyinto the Confederacy.
712
00:43:22,433 --> 00:43:25,353
‐ Grant wants to getthis war moving.
713
00:43:25,353 --> 00:43:28,815
He doesn't believe sitting in
garrison is gonna win anything,
714
00:43:28,815 --> 00:43:31,442
so he makes a proposalto his commander,
715
00:43:31,442 --> 00:43:33,236
General Henry Halleck.
716
00:43:51,796 --> 00:43:56,050
‐ General Halleck,
it's an honor.
717
00:44:05,601 --> 00:44:08,479
‐ State briefly
the nature of your business.
718
00:44:10,565 --> 00:44:12,817
‐ My division is stationed
here in Carroll
719
00:44:12,817 --> 00:44:14,986
on the Cumberland River,
720
00:44:14,986 --> 00:44:16,946
where we've been sizing up
a naval assault
721
00:44:16,946 --> 00:44:21,576
on two enemy forts,
Fort Henry and Fort Donelson.
722
00:44:36,674 --> 00:44:39,135
‐ Continue.
723
00:44:41,470 --> 00:44:42,805
‐ Fort Henry is badly sited
724
00:44:42,805 --> 00:44:44,765
and vulnerable from the water.
725
00:44:44,765 --> 00:44:46,017
Fort Donelson is stronger
726
00:44:46,017 --> 00:44:48,853
but commanded
by General John Floyd,
727
00:44:48,853 --> 00:44:50,563
and he's no soldier.
728
00:44:52,064 --> 00:44:53,858
I believe if I can
take both forts,
729
00:44:53,858 --> 00:44:59,155
we can advance as far
as Nashville and Alabama.
730
00:44:59,155 --> 00:45:01,949
‐ A combined naval assault?
731
00:45:01,949 --> 00:45:05,203
‐ The victories would
be yours, sir.
732
00:45:06,329 --> 00:45:07,705
‐ Thank you.
733
00:45:14,420 --> 00:45:17,548
But when I wish
to consult you on a subject,
734
00:45:17,548 --> 00:45:19,383
I will notify you.
735
00:45:23,054 --> 00:45:24,597
‐ Yes, sir.
736
00:45:37,068 --> 00:45:39,362
‐ They called Halleck"Old Brains."
737
00:45:39,362 --> 00:45:41,906
They don't call himthat for nothing.
738
00:45:41,906 --> 00:45:45,284
He wants everything done
absolutely by the book,
739
00:45:45,284 --> 00:45:49,205
and Grant is nota by‐the‐book kind of guy.
740
00:45:49,205 --> 00:45:51,249
No limelight, no fanfare,
741
00:45:51,249 --> 00:45:53,584
and forget the pomp
and circumstance.
742
00:45:53,584 --> 00:45:57,880
We're just gonna get it done,
and so the two clash.
743
00:45:57,880 --> 00:45:59,924
Grant,with his bulldog mentality,
744
00:45:59,924 --> 00:46:03,344
immediately turns to whatI call his naval soul mate,
745
00:46:03,344 --> 00:46:04,929
Andrew H. Foote,
746
00:46:04,929 --> 00:46:07,265
the naval commanderof the western flotilla
747
00:46:07,265 --> 00:46:09,100
with ironclad gunboats.
748
00:46:09,100 --> 00:46:11,435
‐ So the two of themjointly made a proposal
749
00:46:11,435 --> 00:46:14,772
to General Halleck
to move against Fort Henry.
750
00:46:14,772 --> 00:46:17,108
‐ They're begging Halleck,prodding Halleck.
751
00:46:17,108 --> 00:46:19,068
"Please, turn us loose.
Let us go,"
752
00:46:19,068 --> 00:46:21,404
and it's only bythe slimmest margins
753
00:46:21,404 --> 00:46:25,199
that Halleck allowsGrant to attack.
754
00:46:25,199 --> 00:46:27,660
‐ It's very differentto be in charge.
755
00:46:27,660 --> 00:46:31,330
Command isan extraordinary privilege
756
00:46:31,330 --> 00:46:32,957
and the weight
of responsibility
757
00:46:32,957 --> 00:46:35,126
is very much on your shoulders,
758
00:46:35,126 --> 00:46:39,880
and Grant experiences thisas he approaches Fort Henry.
759
00:46:42,008 --> 00:46:43,801
‐ So February the 6th,
760
00:46:43,801 --> 00:46:46,429
Foote's gunboats beginto shell Fort Henry.
761
00:46:46,429 --> 00:46:48,431
‐ The infantry's gonna getbehind each fort,
762
00:46:48,431 --> 00:46:50,474
seal inthe Confederate defenders
763
00:46:50,474 --> 00:46:54,812
while the navy just pummels
Fort Henry into submission.
764
00:46:55,688 --> 00:46:59,734
‐ Most of the Confederateshad already evacuated.
765
00:46:59,734 --> 00:47:02,778
Fort Henry surrenders
before Grant's men
766
00:47:02,778 --> 00:47:05,114
even get close to the fort.
767
00:47:05,114 --> 00:47:07,992
The capture of Fort Henrywas significant,
768
00:47:07,992 --> 00:47:12,496
but Grant is not gonna sit
and rest on his laurels.
769
00:47:12,496 --> 00:47:16,625
Fort Donelson was onlyabout 12 miles to the east.
770
00:47:16,625 --> 00:47:19,420
He keeps the ball moving.
771
00:47:19,420 --> 00:47:21,714
‐ Grant's thinking,
"All I have to do is say boo,
772
00:47:21,714 --> 00:47:23,841
and they'll‐‐
they'll surrender,"
773
00:47:23,841 --> 00:47:26,677
and, um, it doesn't
really happen that way.
774
00:47:28,512 --> 00:47:31,390
‐ Fort Donelson was ina much better position,
775
00:47:31,390 --> 00:47:35,353
much better engineeredthan Fort Henry.
776
00:47:35,353 --> 00:47:38,689
An artillery duel began between
the fort and his gunboats,
777
00:47:38,689 --> 00:47:41,525
and in short,
the fort won.
778
00:47:41,525 --> 00:47:44,403
‐ The Confederates came out
of the fort to counterattack...
779
00:47:46,447 --> 00:47:49,367
And the first thing
Grant does is not panic.
780
00:47:49,367 --> 00:47:50,701
That's a pattern with Grant.
781
00:47:50,701 --> 00:47:52,453
No matter what happens,
782
00:47:52,453 --> 00:47:55,331
no matter how bad it gets,Grant doesn't panic.
783
00:47:55,331 --> 00:47:56,540
‐ In the midst of the battle,
784
00:47:56,540 --> 00:47:58,000
which is truly chaotic,
785
00:47:58,000 --> 00:48:00,044
Grant keeps his witsabout him.
786
00:48:00,044 --> 00:48:01,587
He actually thinks.
787
00:48:01,587 --> 00:48:05,216
He can take input.He can change his mind.
788
00:48:05,216 --> 00:48:07,343
‐ At Fort Donelson,Grant will figure out
789
00:48:07,343 --> 00:48:09,720
these Confederates are moving
with their knapsacks.
790
00:48:09,720 --> 00:48:11,180
They're not intending
on going back.
791
00:48:11,180 --> 00:48:12,890
They're getting out of here.
792
00:48:26,404 --> 00:48:29,615
‐ Bring me that prisoner.
Show me his bag.
793
00:48:32,701 --> 00:48:35,538
This looks like
two days' rations...
794
00:48:35,538 --> 00:48:37,748
No, three.
795
00:48:37,748 --> 00:48:38,874
‐ Looks like
they're settling in
796
00:48:38,874 --> 00:48:40,251
to hold their position.
797
00:48:40,251 --> 00:48:42,420
‐ Looks like that,
but it's a retreat.
798
00:48:42,420 --> 00:48:45,256
Three days of rations is just
enough to get to Nashville.
799
00:48:45,256 --> 00:48:48,592
‐ Sir, we should reinforce the
right and wait till nightfall.
800
00:48:48,592 --> 00:48:50,928
‐ If we wait,
they'll have time to escape.
801
00:48:50,928 --> 00:48:54,974
We got to attack now,
and we can take this victory.
802
00:48:54,974 --> 00:48:56,684
Form your lines.
803
00:48:56,684 --> 00:48:58,436
‐ Sir.
804
00:48:58,436 --> 00:49:01,313
Form your lines!
805
00:49:01,313 --> 00:49:03,065
Form your lines!
806
00:49:05,734 --> 00:49:07,695
‐ Prepare to advance!
807
00:49:57,745 --> 00:50:02,875
‐ They want an armistice
and terms for surrender.
808
00:50:02,875 --> 00:50:05,586
We've broken their defenses,
surrounded the fort,
809
00:50:05,586 --> 00:50:08,380
and outnumber them
almost two to one.
810
00:50:08,380 --> 00:50:11,342
It's checkmate.
811
00:50:11,342 --> 00:50:14,428
‐ Who signed the note?
‐ General Buckner.
812
00:50:15,554 --> 00:50:19,683
‐ Oh, Buckner.
813
00:50:19,683 --> 00:50:23,187
I know him
from West Point.
814
00:50:23,187 --> 00:50:26,106
He paid off one of my debts
back in New York.
815
00:50:26,106 --> 00:50:28,984
Saved me, really.
816
00:50:28,984 --> 00:50:32,029
Helped me get back
to my family.
817
00:50:32,029 --> 00:50:34,782
‐ Then what are your terms?
818
00:50:39,286 --> 00:50:43,249
‐ Immediate
and unconditional surrender,
819
00:50:43,249 --> 00:50:46,085
or we fire on their works.
820
00:50:51,966 --> 00:50:55,219
‐ At Fort Donelson, Granthad organized a counterattack.
821
00:50:55,219 --> 00:50:58,055
The Confederates withdrew back
into the fort,
822
00:50:58,055 --> 00:51:00,349
and they're trapped.
823
00:51:00,349 --> 00:51:01,892
‐ When Grantgot the message,
824
00:51:01,892 --> 00:51:03,644
"Hey, I want to talkabout surrender,"
825
00:51:03,644 --> 00:51:06,564
the Confederate commandsituation at Fort Donelson
826
00:51:06,564 --> 00:51:09,817
had been an absolute
comedy of errors.
827
00:51:09,817 --> 00:51:14,113
There had been three generalofficers inside Fort Donelson,
828
00:51:14,113 --> 00:51:17,616
John Floyd,Gideon Pillow,
829
00:51:17,616 --> 00:51:21,287
and Grant's old friend,Simon Bolivar Buckner.
830
00:51:21,287 --> 00:51:25,666
But when the idea comes
to surrender, Floyd says,
831
00:51:25,666 --> 00:51:27,585
"There is nobody
in the Confederacy
832
00:51:27,585 --> 00:51:29,545
that they want worse than me,"
833
00:51:29,545 --> 00:51:31,422
and so he says,
"I'm not surrendering,"
834
00:51:31,422 --> 00:51:34,258
and he'll get out of Dodge.
835
00:51:34,258 --> 00:51:36,594
The second in commandis Gideon Pillow.
836
00:51:36,594 --> 00:51:39,888
He thinks he's the greatestmilitary commander ever,
837
00:51:39,888 --> 00:51:41,432
and Pillow says,
838
00:51:41,432 --> 00:51:43,100
"They want me as well,
so I'm not surrendering,"
839
00:51:43,100 --> 00:51:45,728
so he gets out as well,
turning the command over
840
00:51:45,728 --> 00:51:49,106
to the third in command,Simon Buckner.
841
00:51:49,106 --> 00:51:51,775
‐ Surrenderwas the proper thing.
842
00:51:51,775 --> 00:51:55,487
I rode to Buckner'sheadquarters.
843
00:52:01,994 --> 00:52:03,662
General Buckner.
844
00:52:09,376 --> 00:52:11,003
‐ You would not have
taken the fort so easily
845
00:52:11,003 --> 00:52:12,713
if I'd been in command.
846
00:52:13,672 --> 00:52:15,341
‐ You're right.
847
00:52:15,341 --> 00:52:17,343
I would have
done it differently.
848
00:52:21,305 --> 00:52:24,308
I assume Floyd
and Pillow got away.
849
00:52:24,308 --> 00:52:28,646
‐ Last night,
yellow bastards.
850
00:52:28,646 --> 00:52:31,315
Pillow feared
you'd want him prisoner.
851
00:52:31,315 --> 00:52:33,525
‐ In my humblest opinion,
he's more valuable to me
852
00:52:33,525 --> 00:52:35,152
as a Southern general.
853
00:52:42,868 --> 00:52:46,497
‐ Well, here we are,
old friend.
854
00:52:46,497 --> 00:52:48,582
‐ Here we are.
855
00:52:48,582 --> 00:52:50,376
‐ About the terms you sent.
856
00:52:50,376 --> 00:52:53,003
‐ No terms.
857
00:52:53,003 --> 00:52:55,214
Immediate and
unconditional surrender...
858
00:52:57,675 --> 00:52:59,593
Old friend.
859
00:53:15,693 --> 00:53:19,822
‐ The first real victoryfor the United States
860
00:53:19,822 --> 00:53:24,910
occurred at Fort Donelsonin February of 1862
861
00:53:24,910 --> 00:53:27,788
courtesy of Ulysses S. Grant.
862
00:53:27,788 --> 00:53:30,374
U.S. Grant.
863
00:53:30,374 --> 00:53:35,713
Useless Grant becameUnconditional Surrender Grant,
864
00:53:35,713 --> 00:53:39,425
and that thrilled
the northern population.
865
00:53:39,425 --> 00:53:42,261
It was big newsbecause nothing good
866
00:53:42,261 --> 00:53:46,265
had been happeningfor the Union in the war.
867
00:53:46,265 --> 00:53:48,767
‐ In the eastern theaterof the war,
868
00:53:48,767 --> 00:53:50,394
Lincoln is dealingwith one whining,
869
00:53:50,394 --> 00:53:53,939
procrastinating generalafter another,
870
00:53:53,939 --> 00:53:55,774
but here's
this Ulysses S. Grant
871
00:53:55,774 --> 00:53:58,068
out west who's
winning battle after battle,
872
00:53:58,068 --> 00:54:00,070
and Lincoln is thrilled.
873
00:54:00,070 --> 00:54:02,906
He rushes to sign the orderpromoting Grant
874
00:54:02,906 --> 00:54:04,533
to major general.
875
00:54:04,533 --> 00:54:07,119
‐ The first significantNorthern victory
876
00:54:07,119 --> 00:54:11,915
of the Civil War will launch
Grant to national prominence.
877
00:54:11,915 --> 00:54:14,835
During the aftermath ofthe Battle at Fort Donelson,
878
00:54:14,835 --> 00:54:18,130
a war correspondentpainted a picture of Grant
879
00:54:18,130 --> 00:54:19,673
mounted on horseback,
880
00:54:19,673 --> 00:54:22,760
and in his mouthis the stub of a cigar.
881
00:54:22,760 --> 00:54:24,803
As this was the first greatNorthern victory
882
00:54:24,803 --> 00:54:26,764
of the Civil War, fans‐‐
883
00:54:26,764 --> 00:54:31,477
admirers‐‐
sent him 5,000 cigars,
884
00:54:31,477 --> 00:54:33,812
and so he started
smoking these things,
885
00:54:33,812 --> 00:54:37,941
and Grant would smokeupwards of 20 of these a day.
886
00:54:39,985 --> 00:54:42,738
‐ For Grant,the first year goes good.
887
00:54:42,738 --> 00:54:46,492
If there's a rookie
of the year for the Union side,
888
00:54:46,492 --> 00:54:47,951
it's Ulysses S. Grant.
889
00:54:47,951 --> 00:54:50,787
Nobody's winingthe victories like he is.
890
00:54:50,787 --> 00:54:53,999
‐ He realized again thathe had a gift for this.
891
00:54:53,999 --> 00:54:57,461
He was very, very good
at battlefield command,
892
00:54:57,461 --> 00:54:58,837
and then beyond that,
893
00:54:58,837 --> 00:55:02,674
at battlefield strategy
and tactics.
894
00:55:02,674 --> 00:55:05,344
‐ Grant has captured the firstof three armies
895
00:55:05,344 --> 00:55:08,138
that he will capture
over the course of the war,
896
00:55:08,138 --> 00:55:11,099
and he has now openedthe Cumberland River
897
00:55:11,099 --> 00:55:14,478
so Union naval forcesand land forces
898
00:55:14,478 --> 00:55:18,398
can make their way south deepinto the Confederacy.
899
00:55:18,398 --> 00:55:20,484
‐ Dear Julia,
900
00:55:20,484 --> 00:55:22,986
soon I hopeto move from here,
901
00:55:22,986 --> 00:55:25,489
and when I do,there will probably
902
00:55:25,489 --> 00:55:28,825
be the greatest battlefought of the war.
903
00:55:31,662 --> 00:55:34,957
I have no doubt of the result.
904
00:55:38,710 --> 00:55:43,382
‐ Yah, yah!
Ha!
905
00:55:43,382 --> 00:55:46,093
‐ The enemy wasin force in Corinth,
906
00:55:46,093 --> 00:55:48,679
the junction of the twomost important railroads
907
00:55:48,679 --> 00:55:50,681
in the Mississippi Valley.
908
00:55:50,681 --> 00:55:53,058
If we obtained possessionof Corinth,
909
00:55:53,058 --> 00:55:54,851
the enemy would haveno railroad
910
00:55:54,851 --> 00:55:59,022
for the transportationof armies or supplies.
911
00:55:59,022 --> 00:56:01,441
‐ Grant is thinking,
"How do I stay two steps ahead?
912
00:56:01,441 --> 00:56:02,901
"How do I retain
the initiative?
913
00:56:02,901 --> 00:56:05,279
How do I keep the enemy
reacting to me?"
914
00:56:05,279 --> 00:56:07,573
The war in the eastis going badly,
915
00:56:07,573 --> 00:56:10,075
so everythingis under a microscope,
916
00:56:10,075 --> 00:56:12,703
but in the west,with the first big victories
917
00:56:12,703 --> 00:56:14,246
at Forts Henry and Donelson,
918
00:56:14,246 --> 00:56:16,081
now all of a suddenthe Tennessee
919
00:56:16,081 --> 00:56:19,167
and Cumberland Rivers are opento invade the South,
920
00:56:19,167 --> 00:56:21,878
and this is what
Grant seizes upon.
921
00:56:21,878 --> 00:56:24,298
‐ Knowing that the enemy'sfortifying Corinth
922
00:56:24,298 --> 00:56:26,508
and collecting an army there,
923
00:56:26,508 --> 00:56:28,844
I at once put allthe troops in motion
924
00:56:28,844 --> 00:56:30,637
for Pittsburg Landing.
925
00:56:34,224 --> 00:56:36,310
‐ Pittsburg Landingis a staging area
926
00:56:36,310 --> 00:56:38,186
to attack at Corinth.
927
00:56:38,186 --> 00:56:39,896
General Halleck warns Grant,
928
00:56:39,896 --> 00:56:42,774
"Don't bring on an engagement.
Don't start anything.
929
00:56:42,774 --> 00:56:45,986
Don't pick a fight
until everything is ready."
930
00:56:45,986 --> 00:56:48,864
‐ The army had arrivedwith one of Grant's
931
00:56:48,864 --> 00:56:51,325
core commanders,William Tecumseh Sherman.
932
00:56:51,325 --> 00:56:53,869
Sherman was a friendof Grant's at West Point,
933
00:56:53,869 --> 00:56:56,496
but they had not workedtogether before,
934
00:56:56,496 --> 00:56:59,750
and many of Grant's men
were absolutely green.
935
00:56:59,750 --> 00:57:03,503
Some had just received theirweapons a few days earlier.
936
00:57:03,503 --> 00:57:07,633
So Grant's intention is to gethis men some training
937
00:57:07,633 --> 00:57:10,510
and wait there
for another Union army
938
00:57:10,510 --> 00:57:12,137
under the commandof Don Carlos Buell
939
00:57:12,137 --> 00:57:15,974
to get thereand then set out to Corinth.
940
00:57:15,974 --> 00:57:18,393
‐ So the idea
of fighting a battle
941
00:57:18,393 --> 00:57:19,936
never enters Grant's mind
942
00:57:19,936 --> 00:57:22,856
at Pittsburg Landing,
and the scene is set
943
00:57:22,856 --> 00:57:26,401
for what would becomethis bloodbath of Shiloh.
944
00:57:36,244 --> 00:57:38,163
‐ Sir, do you want
the new men digging trenches?
945
00:57:38,163 --> 00:57:39,790
‐ I don't intend
to be here long enough.
946
00:57:39,790 --> 00:57:41,333
The men are raw.
947
00:57:41,333 --> 00:57:43,794
They need practice with guns,
not with shovels.
948
00:57:45,962 --> 00:57:47,214
Sherman.
949
00:57:47,214 --> 00:57:50,884
‐ Sam.
‐ Activity?
950
00:57:50,884 --> 00:57:52,219
‐ The Rebs
stick their noses out,
951
00:57:52,219 --> 00:57:53,887
and we keep slapping them.
952
00:57:53,887 --> 00:57:55,889
Whipped them
in a skirmish yesterday.
953
00:57:55,889 --> 00:57:59,142
‐ And General Buell's men?
‐ They're three days out.
954
00:58:02,479 --> 00:58:05,899
‐ We'll move on Corinth
when he gets here.
955
00:58:05,899 --> 00:58:07,401
‐ If we go down here‐‐
956
00:58:07,401 --> 00:58:09,236
‐ Yeah.
‐ The whole way down‐‐
957
00:58:09,236 --> 00:58:12,656
‐ To General Halleck,the temper of the rebel troops
958
00:58:12,656 --> 00:58:14,991
is such that thereis little doubt that Corinth
959
00:58:14,991 --> 00:58:20,122
will fall much more easilythan Fort Donelson did.
960
00:58:20,122 --> 00:58:22,457
‐ Grant's major fault earlyin the war
961
00:58:22,457 --> 00:58:25,836
is this overconfidence.
962
00:58:25,836 --> 00:58:27,504
He thinks,
"If anything happens,
963
00:58:27,504 --> 00:58:31,007
I'm gonna start it,"
and it comes back to bite him.
964
00:58:31,633 --> 00:58:33,343
‐ Their commander at Corinth,
965
00:58:33,343 --> 00:58:34,886
General AlbertSidney Johnston,
966
00:58:34,886 --> 00:58:37,639
has been doing nothingbut retreat.
967
00:58:37,639 --> 00:58:40,892
If he cannot regain theinitiative and defeat Grant,
968
00:58:40,892 --> 00:58:42,686
it likely will mean
969
00:58:42,686 --> 00:58:45,564
the Confederacy will losethe Mississippi River.
970
00:58:45,564 --> 00:58:48,150
Johnston really believes thatthe war itself
971
00:58:48,150 --> 00:58:50,152
may be at stake,
972
00:58:50,152 --> 00:58:54,531
so Johnston decides to organize
a counterattack against Grant.
973
00:58:55,574 --> 00:58:57,409
‐ Johnston knows that Grant'sarmy's tucked up
974
00:58:57,409 --> 00:58:59,202
into Pittsburg Landing,
975
00:58:59,202 --> 00:59:02,622
which is a cul‐de‐sacalong the Tennessee River
976
00:59:02,622 --> 00:59:05,417
in between two major creeks.
977
00:59:05,417 --> 00:59:08,336
It seems like a good placeto camp the army.
978
00:59:08,336 --> 00:59:09,671
There are good springs here.
979
00:59:09,671 --> 00:59:11,047
There are creeks.
We can get water.
980
00:59:11,047 --> 00:59:13,633
It's good,
level camping ground,
981
00:59:13,633 --> 00:59:16,762
but the Confederate planis to trap the Union army
982
00:59:16,762 --> 00:59:18,972
in this cul‐de‐sac
983
00:59:18,972 --> 00:59:23,894
and to destroy the Union armywith one massive attack.
984
00:59:25,896 --> 00:59:29,483
And so Johnston gambles,
and he says,
985
00:59:29,483 --> 00:59:31,902
"We must rollthe iron dice of battle.
986
00:59:31,902 --> 00:59:34,863
We must conquer or perish."
987
00:59:43,455 --> 00:59:46,208
‐ Grant's campat Pittsburg Landing
988
00:59:46,208 --> 00:59:49,419
was right neara small wooden church.
989
00:59:52,339 --> 00:59:55,217
It's one of the only landmarksin the entire vicinity.
990
00:59:57,093 --> 01:00:01,097
It was called Shiloh Church.
991
01:00:01,097 --> 01:00:04,935
Shiloh is translatedas "place of peace."
992
01:01:20,385 --> 01:01:22,929
Rebs!
993
01:01:22,929 --> 01:01:25,724
Fire!
994
01:01:25,724 --> 01:01:27,893
‐ Rebs!
995
01:01:27,893 --> 01:01:29,895
We got them from the woods!
Rebs!
996
01:01:34,274 --> 01:01:36,026
‐ In the woods!
997
01:01:36,026 --> 01:01:39,029
Rebs in the woods!
998
01:01:41,031 --> 01:01:42,866
‐ Rebs!
999
01:01:42,866 --> 01:01:44,284
They're coming from the woods!
1000
01:01:44,284 --> 01:01:45,952
‐ Rebs in the woods!
‐ Rebs!
1001
01:01:48,204 --> 01:01:49,998
‐ Wait, wait, what?
1002
01:01:49,998 --> 01:01:51,750
‐ Move, move!
1003
01:02:07,098 --> 01:02:08,391
‐ Report.
1004
01:02:08,391 --> 01:02:10,518
‐ Skirmishes, sir.
That's all.
1005
01:02:12,479 --> 01:02:14,522
‐ These are not
damn skirmishes.
1006
01:02:14,522 --> 01:02:17,525
My God, we are attacked.
Form a line and hold it.
1007
01:02:26,660 --> 01:02:29,454
‐ Ammunition!
1008
01:02:29,454 --> 01:02:31,498
‐ Grant is not at Shiloh.
1009
01:02:31,498 --> 01:02:34,250
Grant is actuallyhaving breakfast 9 miles north
1010
01:02:34,250 --> 01:02:37,253
in his quartersat the Cherry Mansion.
1011
01:02:50,558 --> 01:02:53,520
‐ Gentlemen...
1012
01:02:53,520 --> 01:02:56,106
the ball is in motion.
1013
01:02:59,818 --> 01:03:02,570
Fire!
1014
01:03:10,120 --> 01:03:13,123
‐ Let's get
these boys moving.
1015
01:03:13,123 --> 01:03:16,251
Form them into regiments.
1016
01:03:16,251 --> 01:03:19,796
I don't care what regiments
they used to be in.
1017
01:03:19,796 --> 01:03:21,506
Make new ones.
1018
01:03:21,506 --> 01:03:23,883
‐ Yes, sir.
1019
01:03:23,883 --> 01:03:25,593
‐ Come on, boys,
form up!
1020
01:03:25,593 --> 01:03:26,970
On me!
‐ Form up, regiment two.
1021
01:03:26,970 --> 01:03:30,223
Fall in!
1022
01:03:30,223 --> 01:03:31,641
‐ Buell won't get here
till nightfall,
1023
01:03:31,641 --> 01:03:35,520
and Wallace is still
six miles north.
1024
01:03:35,520 --> 01:03:37,939
‐ Order Wallace to come here
at once with his men.
1025
01:03:37,939 --> 01:03:40,859
Sherman?
‐ No news.
1026
01:03:42,861 --> 01:03:45,363
‐ On the first dayof the Battle of Shiloh,
1027
01:03:45,363 --> 01:03:47,824
about 40,000Confederate soldiers
1028
01:03:47,824 --> 01:03:52,787
surprise the Union armyand begin pushing forward.
1029
01:03:52,787 --> 01:03:55,248
It is the largest attack
in American history
1030
01:03:55,248 --> 01:03:57,625
up to that time.
1031
01:03:57,625 --> 01:04:00,336
‐ When Grant finally gotto Pittsburg Landing,
1032
01:04:00,336 --> 01:04:02,005
officers didn't know
where their men were.
1033
01:04:02,005 --> 01:04:04,382
Their men didn't know
where the units were.
1034
01:04:04,382 --> 01:04:08,470
‐ Grant immediately beginsto assess the situation,
1035
01:04:08,470 --> 01:04:12,348
and it's almost asif battle clarified his mind,
1036
01:04:12,348 --> 01:04:14,976
and he could see the central
thing he needed to do,
1037
01:04:14,976 --> 01:04:17,395
to remain calm,
1038
01:04:17,395 --> 01:04:20,982
to collect soldiers who havestraggled back into the area,
1039
01:04:20,982 --> 01:04:25,403
and begin to plugthis defensive line.
1040
01:04:44,672 --> 01:04:47,217
‐ Hurt bad, Private?
1041
01:04:47,217 --> 01:04:49,636
‐ It's only a scratch, sir.
1042
01:04:49,636 --> 01:04:51,471
‐ So you can fight?
1043
01:04:54,724 --> 01:04:56,476
Come on now, boys.
1044
01:04:56,476 --> 01:04:59,646
Pitch in.
I'm right behind you.
1045
01:05:03,775 --> 01:05:05,860
‐ Grant makes his wayaround the battlefield,
1046
01:05:05,860 --> 01:05:08,238
not caught up in the chaos,
1047
01:05:08,238 --> 01:05:10,156
thinking,"Where are my commanders?
1048
01:05:10,156 --> 01:05:12,075
What's their assessment of
the fight and how it's going,
1049
01:05:12,075 --> 01:05:14,744
and what can I do
to assist them?"
1050
01:05:14,744 --> 01:05:21,709
‐ If Pittsburg Landing falls,
Grant knows his army is gone.
1051
01:05:21,709 --> 01:05:25,296
‐ If the Confederate planis to trap the Union army
1052
01:05:25,296 --> 01:05:27,799
in this cul‐de‐sacalong the Tennessee River,
1053
01:05:27,799 --> 01:05:32,262
then Grant will utilize
this trap perfectly
1054
01:05:32,262 --> 01:05:35,056
to fight a delaying actionto hold out
1055
01:05:35,056 --> 01:05:38,852
until Don Carlos Buell'sreinforcements arrive.
1056
01:05:38,852 --> 01:05:41,896
He has a whole divisionunder Lew Wallace much nearer,
1057
01:05:41,896 --> 01:05:43,773
and as he goes around
1058
01:05:43,773 --> 01:05:45,441
and he talks to the differentdivision commanders
1059
01:05:45,441 --> 01:05:47,735
throughout the day,he will tell them,
1060
01:05:47,735 --> 01:05:49,154
"Hey, Lew Wallace
is on the way.
1061
01:05:49,154 --> 01:05:52,198
Should be here any moment now."
1062
01:05:54,033 --> 01:05:55,493
‐ There's confusion
1063
01:05:55,493 --> 01:05:57,829
and incoherenceon the battlefield,
1064
01:05:57,829 --> 01:06:00,665
but Grant had enormous
control of his emotions,
1065
01:06:00,665 --> 01:06:04,544
so his physical courage,
this quiet competence,
1066
01:06:04,544 --> 01:06:07,589
and he was a great horsemanin a day and age
1067
01:06:07,589 --> 01:06:09,883
when that wasa very important skill
1068
01:06:09,883 --> 01:06:12,177
to have on the battlefield.
1069
01:06:12,177 --> 01:06:14,971
‐ A number of attemptswere made by the enemy
1070
01:06:14,971 --> 01:06:17,849
to turn our right flankwhere Sherman was posted.
1071
01:06:19,184 --> 01:06:20,894
General Sherman, situation?
1072
01:06:20,894 --> 01:06:22,645
‐ General.
1073
01:06:22,645 --> 01:06:25,315
The boys bounced,
but they didn't break.
1074
01:06:25,315 --> 01:06:28,568
I need reinforcements now.
Where's Buell?
1075
01:06:28,568 --> 01:06:30,862
‐ No Buell.
1076
01:06:30,862 --> 01:06:34,699
I've sent for Wallace.
Can you hold your position?
1077
01:06:34,699 --> 01:06:38,494
‐ Yes, sir, but it'll cost.
1078
01:06:39,871 --> 01:06:43,374
‐ At the Battle of ShilohSherman and Grant,
1079
01:06:43,374 --> 01:06:46,961
while they had never been whatyou would call good friends,
1080
01:06:46,961 --> 01:06:49,297
they will firstcome into their own
1081
01:06:49,297 --> 01:06:53,760
as this wonderful duowho will turn out to be
1082
01:06:53,760 --> 01:06:56,721
one of the great workingpartnerships of the war.
1083
01:06:56,721 --> 01:06:59,724
While so many other fragments
of that Union army
1084
01:06:59,724 --> 01:07:02,352
dissolve in panicked retreat,
1085
01:07:02,352 --> 01:07:06,606
Sherman slowsthe Confederate onslaught.
1086
01:07:06,606 --> 01:07:09,400
‐ Nevertheless,Grant knew that he may need
1087
01:07:09,400 --> 01:07:12,904
that division of Lew Wallace'sto survive this fight,
1088
01:07:12,904 --> 01:07:15,990
but there's great confusion
with Wallace's division
1089
01:07:15,990 --> 01:07:18,952
on how they should getto the battlefield,
1090
01:07:18,952 --> 01:07:22,747
and Wallace does not show up.
1091
01:07:22,747 --> 01:07:24,415
As the Confederates
move forward,
1092
01:07:24,415 --> 01:07:26,751
the fighting became more
and more constricted.
1093
01:07:26,751 --> 01:07:29,921
It becomes a very chaotic,brutal fight,
1094
01:07:29,921 --> 01:07:32,882
and Grant recognizesthat at points of chaos
1095
01:07:32,882 --> 01:07:34,801
when everythingis going wrong,
1096
01:07:34,801 --> 01:07:39,430
you just simply have to dosomething to regain control.
1097
01:07:39,430 --> 01:07:43,601
‐ Grant is not gonna give up.
He's gonna stick and fight.
1098
01:07:48,147 --> 01:07:50,108
‐ Lieutenant.
‐ General Grant, sir.
1099
01:07:50,108 --> 01:07:52,026
‐ Move your men to the left,
Lieutenant.
1100
01:07:52,026 --> 01:07:53,444
Do it now.
‐ Yes, sir.
1101
01:07:59,659 --> 01:08:02,161
‐ Take cover!
There's too many of them!
1102
01:08:41,409 --> 01:08:44,454
‐ Contrary to all myexperience up to that time,
1103
01:08:44,454 --> 01:08:46,789
we were on the defensive.
1104
01:08:46,789 --> 01:08:48,458
The endeavor of the enemy
1105
01:08:48,458 --> 01:08:51,085
was simply to hurltheir men against ours
1106
01:08:51,085 --> 01:08:54,589
with a disregard of losseson their own side.
1107
01:08:54,589 --> 01:08:56,883
‐ Grant realized
he needed to buy time,
1108
01:08:56,883 --> 01:09:00,345
or his army was about
to be overwhelmed.
1109
01:09:00,345 --> 01:09:03,556
‐ Shiloh,the first day doesn't go well,
1110
01:09:03,556 --> 01:09:06,142
but in the chaos, noise,the friction that we know
1111
01:09:06,142 --> 01:09:08,227
is inherent in a battlefield,
1112
01:09:08,227 --> 01:09:10,772
nobody gets it right initially.
Nobody.
1113
01:09:10,772 --> 01:09:13,483
Grant is able to learnthrough hard experience,
1114
01:09:13,483 --> 01:09:16,361
and he has this vision
of how it's gonna turn out
1115
01:09:16,361 --> 01:09:18,696
in spite of all
that's going bad around him.
1116
01:09:18,696 --> 01:09:22,825
‐ Grant is already thinkingto fall back gradually,
1117
01:09:22,825 --> 01:09:25,620
holding successive linesof defense,
1118
01:09:25,620 --> 01:09:28,831
basically trading space
for time to hold out
1119
01:09:28,831 --> 01:09:32,502
until our reinforcements
arrive.
1120
01:09:32,502 --> 01:09:35,463
‐ And so orders went outto all his division commanders
1121
01:09:35,463 --> 01:09:38,466
to hold their positions,
as Grant put it,
1122
01:09:38,466 --> 01:09:40,843
"at all hazards."
1123
01:09:40,843 --> 01:09:42,678
‐ What is it?
1124
01:09:42,678 --> 01:09:45,890
‐ General Prentiss
surrendered.
1125
01:09:45,890 --> 01:09:47,767
2,000 soldiers.
1126
01:09:53,689 --> 01:09:56,359
‐ Move the artillery
to the high ground.
1127
01:09:56,359 --> 01:09:57,694
Start the barrage at nightfall.
1128
01:09:57,694 --> 01:10:00,488
Have the navy chip
in from the river.
1129
01:10:00,488 --> 01:10:02,490
‐ I'll telegraph Porter.
1130
01:10:07,412 --> 01:10:11,040
‐ Grant on the battlefielddoes not appear
1131
01:10:11,040 --> 01:10:14,711
to let the demons
of failure enter.
1132
01:10:14,711 --> 01:10:17,839
He's already been there.
He's a fighter.
1133
01:10:17,839 --> 01:10:20,883
That's one of the thingshe brought to any army
1134
01:10:20,883 --> 01:10:24,345
he was in command of,was that sense of endurance,
1135
01:10:24,345 --> 01:10:27,223
the sense that this isn'tgoing to be easy.
1136
01:10:27,223 --> 01:10:30,226
"I'm not lookingto win it in a day."
1137
01:10:32,937 --> 01:10:36,065
‐ Grant has been falling backthroughout the day,
1138
01:10:36,065 --> 01:10:38,901
and the Confederate commander,Albert Sidney Johnston,
1139
01:10:38,901 --> 01:10:40,903
wades into the battle himself
1140
01:10:40,903 --> 01:10:43,865
because he's gotta conqueror perish,
1141
01:10:43,865 --> 01:10:47,744
and all of a sudden Johnston
is hit in the back of the leg,
1142
01:10:47,744 --> 01:10:49,078
and he bleeds to death.
1143
01:10:49,078 --> 01:10:51,914
He doesn't conquer.He perishes.
1144
01:10:51,914 --> 01:10:55,042
‐ Johnston's secondin command,
1145
01:10:55,042 --> 01:10:57,253
Pierre GustaveToutant Beauregard,
1146
01:10:57,253 --> 01:10:59,881
took over,and Beauregard believed
1147
01:10:59,881 --> 01:11:03,593
they had the Union army right
where they wanted them,
1148
01:11:03,593 --> 01:11:07,263
but Grant used the terrainextraordinarily well.
1149
01:11:08,181 --> 01:11:10,099
His men constructedthis defensive line
1150
01:11:10,099 --> 01:11:12,810
along this deep ravine.
1151
01:11:12,810 --> 01:11:16,147
The Confederates have to godown into this ravine.
1152
01:11:16,147 --> 01:11:18,733
They make one chargeup out of the ravine
1153
01:11:18,733 --> 01:11:22,779
into this whirlwind of Unionartillery and musket fire.
1154
01:11:22,779 --> 01:11:26,032
They are driven backby this intense fire.
1155
01:11:26,032 --> 01:11:28,618
Orders start to echo downthe Confederate line
1156
01:11:28,618 --> 01:11:30,912
that we're done.Stop the attack.
1157
01:11:33,456 --> 01:11:34,624
Beauregard stopped the fight.
1158
01:11:34,624 --> 01:11:36,667
"We'll finish this up
in the morning."
1159
01:11:36,667 --> 01:11:38,628
Grant,sitting on horseback
1160
01:11:38,628 --> 01:11:41,464
watching as the Confederatesfell back into the ravine,
1161
01:11:41,464 --> 01:11:45,259
said, "Not beaten yetby a damn sight."
1162
01:11:45,259 --> 01:11:47,804
‐ Grant, withthis dogged determination,
1163
01:11:47,804 --> 01:11:51,808
he thinks that nobody
can beat him.
1164
01:11:51,808 --> 01:11:54,435
‐ By the timedarkness falls, yes,
1165
01:11:54,435 --> 01:11:57,647
it's been a bad dayfor the Union army,
1166
01:11:57,647 --> 01:12:01,275
but they haven't beenpushed off Pittsburg Landing.
1167
01:12:01,275 --> 01:12:04,570
They're still holding on
to that strip of ground,
1168
01:12:04,570 --> 01:12:06,322
and what's more,across the river
1169
01:12:06,322 --> 01:12:09,450
Don Carlos Buellis finally starting to arrive
1170
01:12:09,450 --> 01:12:11,953
and there are federal gunboatsout on the river whose shells
1171
01:12:11,953 --> 01:12:16,082
are keeping the Confederatesat bay in the darkness.
1172
01:12:17,375 --> 01:12:21,003
‐ But there were a number of
Union officers coming to Grant
1173
01:12:21,003 --> 01:12:24,966
that night saying,
"Let's get out of here."
1174
01:12:25,842 --> 01:12:28,636
‐ Grant is almostdefeated on the first day,
1175
01:12:28,636 --> 01:12:31,806
almost driven backinto the river,
1176
01:12:31,806 --> 01:12:36,519
and this is where you see Grant
at his most indomitable,
1177
01:12:36,519 --> 01:12:39,856
in a sense‐‐most determined,
most imperturbable.
1178
01:12:39,856 --> 01:12:42,650
He is under a tree.
1179
01:12:42,650 --> 01:12:45,695
He can hearthe cries of the wounded,
1180
01:12:45,695 --> 01:12:48,030
and Sherman comes
out of the dark.
1181
01:13:00,418 --> 01:13:03,754
‐ General Grant.
‐ Sherman.
1182
01:13:07,258 --> 01:13:10,386
‐ Well, Sam, we've had
the devil's own day,
1183
01:13:10,386 --> 01:13:12,013
haven't we?
1184
01:13:17,268 --> 01:13:20,938
‐ Lick them tomorrow though.
1185
01:13:20,938 --> 01:13:23,524
‐ When Wallace
and Buell turn up?
1186
01:13:25,902 --> 01:13:28,863
‐ They asked me
my plan to retreat.
1187
01:13:32,533 --> 01:13:34,952
I'll fire the first gun
in the morning.
1188
01:13:44,170 --> 01:13:46,047
‐ On the second dayof battle,
1189
01:13:46,047 --> 01:13:47,506
I gathered out parts
1190
01:13:47,506 --> 01:13:50,134
of regimentsfrom troops nearby
1191
01:13:50,134 --> 01:13:52,136
and marched them forward.
1192
01:13:54,847 --> 01:13:57,683
‐ Grant knew his armywas disorganized.
1193
01:13:57,683 --> 01:14:00,353
They had spent a full day
1194
01:14:00,353 --> 01:14:02,730
carrying outthis brutal fight,
1195
01:14:02,730 --> 01:14:04,857
but he also suspectedthe Confederates
1196
01:14:04,857 --> 01:14:09,111
were in the same condition,
1197
01:14:09,111 --> 01:14:11,322
and so he believedwhoever seizes the initiative
1198
01:14:11,322 --> 01:14:15,034
in the morningwill indeed be the victor.
1199
01:14:15,034 --> 01:14:16,869
So orders went out to all
his division commanders
1200
01:14:16,869 --> 01:14:18,746
at first light,
"begin the attack.
1201
01:14:18,746 --> 01:14:22,917
Wherever you are with whoever
you have, begin the attack."
1202
01:14:22,917 --> 01:14:24,752
‐ Find another commander
at Shiloh
1203
01:14:24,752 --> 01:14:27,630
that's gonna attack on day two.
1204
01:14:27,630 --> 01:14:28,881
Everybody else is thinking,
1205
01:14:28,881 --> 01:14:31,217
"Oh, my goodness,
there's no way."
1206
01:14:31,217 --> 01:14:33,928
I think that Grantlooks at this equation
1207
01:14:33,928 --> 01:14:35,721
differently thaneveryone else.
1208
01:14:35,721 --> 01:14:39,141
Grant, who's failed and hadto look at the dark side
1209
01:14:39,141 --> 01:14:40,977
of how to be resilient,
1210
01:14:40,977 --> 01:14:42,687
I think it gives himan extra source of strength
1211
01:14:42,687 --> 01:14:44,271
that most other commanders
1212
01:14:44,271 --> 01:14:47,358
don't have the abilityto tap into.
1213
01:14:47,358 --> 01:14:49,735
‐ He had the giftof being able
1214
01:14:49,735 --> 01:14:53,447
to take in a landscape,
a map,
1215
01:14:53,447 --> 01:14:57,368
and know almost at once
what needed to be defended,
1216
01:14:57,368 --> 01:14:59,787
what couldn't be defended,
1217
01:14:59,787 --> 01:15:02,873
and what Granthad seen at Shiloh
1218
01:15:02,873 --> 01:15:04,417
was that the Confederates
1219
01:15:04,417 --> 01:15:05,960
had exhaustedtheir last energy
1220
01:15:05,960 --> 01:15:08,504
just in getting as faras they had.
1221
01:15:08,504 --> 01:15:12,466
Grant had seen thatif in the night Buell's troops
1222
01:15:12,466 --> 01:15:13,801
could be ferried over
1223
01:15:13,801 --> 01:15:16,178
and Grant's armycould be rallied
1224
01:15:16,178 --> 01:15:18,556
and somehow reorganizedand put back into position
1225
01:15:18,556 --> 01:15:20,683
for a counterattackthe next morning,
1226
01:15:20,683 --> 01:15:25,271
then the Confederate armyitself would collapse.
1227
01:15:25,271 --> 01:15:28,691
‐ Grant was determinedto stay and fight.
1228
01:15:28,691 --> 01:15:30,276
Everything he's learnedcame into play
1229
01:15:30,276 --> 01:15:34,196
in making that decision.
1230
01:15:34,196 --> 01:15:38,659
That's the point
where Grant becomes Grant.
1231
01:15:44,498 --> 01:15:48,544
‐ This day everything isfavorable for the Union side.
1232
01:15:48,544 --> 01:15:51,130
We have now becomethe attacking party.
1233
01:15:51,130 --> 01:15:52,757
‐ Move along!
1234
01:16:00,681 --> 01:16:03,559
‐ Advance along!
1235
01:16:32,922 --> 01:16:35,549
‐ The enemy was drivenback all day,
1236
01:16:35,549 --> 01:16:39,345
as we had been the day before.
1237
01:16:39,345 --> 01:16:41,055
‐ It was another brutal day
1238
01:16:41,055 --> 01:16:45,184
of fighting over muchof the same ground,
1239
01:16:45,184 --> 01:16:47,394
but by 2:00 in the afternoon
1240
01:16:47,394 --> 01:16:49,230
Confederate commanderBeauregard
1241
01:16:49,230 --> 01:16:51,649
ordered a withdrawalback to Corinth.
1242
01:16:55,402 --> 01:16:58,864
‐ The battle is over,and it is,
1243
01:16:58,864 --> 01:17:02,326
technically speaking,a victory for the Union army.
1244
01:17:02,326 --> 01:17:06,997
It's a victory which has been
won at terrible prices.
1245
01:17:09,208 --> 01:17:11,544
‐ Huge casualties.
1246
01:17:11,544 --> 01:17:16,674
25,000 killed,wounded, and missing.
1247
01:17:16,674 --> 01:17:18,759
This was the first timein American history
1248
01:17:18,759 --> 01:17:21,428
that we've seen this.
1249
01:17:21,428 --> 01:17:23,013
The armies in the revolution
and the War of 1812
1250
01:17:23,013 --> 01:17:26,976
are smaller than
the casualty count at Shiloh.
1251
01:17:26,976 --> 01:17:29,311
‐ I saw an open fieldon the second day
1252
01:17:29,311 --> 01:17:31,272
so covered with the dead
1253
01:17:31,272 --> 01:17:33,065
that it would havebeen possible
1254
01:17:33,065 --> 01:17:36,610
to walk across the clearingstepping on dead bodies
1255
01:17:36,610 --> 01:17:39,196
without a foottouching the ground.
1256
01:17:44,910 --> 01:17:49,832
‐ Shiloh itself means"place of peace."
1257
01:17:49,832 --> 01:17:51,375
Shiloh, for two days,
1258
01:17:51,375 --> 01:17:55,671
was anythingbut a place of peace.
1259
01:17:55,671 --> 01:18:02,052
Shiloh is incredibly important
as the place where our country
1260
01:18:02,052 --> 01:18:06,056
woke up to the reality
of what it had signed up for.
1261
01:18:07,474 --> 01:18:09,727
It was as iffrom the battlefield
1262
01:18:09,727 --> 01:18:13,230
a metaphorical postcardwent home to America,
1263
01:18:13,230 --> 01:18:16,775
and it said,with a picture of the dead,
1264
01:18:16,775 --> 01:18:20,988
"This is whatyou've signed up for."
1265
01:18:20,988 --> 01:18:23,949
It forced us to wake up.
1266
01:18:23,949 --> 01:18:26,911
It forced us to grow up.
1267
01:18:26,911 --> 01:18:29,955
It forced us to realizethat this was going
1268
01:18:29,955 --> 01:18:32,791
to be much harderthan anybody had imagined.
1269
01:19:19,338 --> 01:19:23,133
‐ Up to the Battle of Shiloh,I believed that the rebellion
1270
01:19:23,133 --> 01:19:26,262
would collapsesuddenly and soon...
1271
01:19:28,347 --> 01:19:33,143
But after Shiloh I gave upall idea of saving the Union
1272
01:19:33,143 --> 01:19:37,273
except by complete conquest.
1273
01:19:49,368 --> 01:19:53,664
After Shiloh,I was no longer boss.
1274
01:19:53,664 --> 01:19:57,251
Lincoln was right.
Vicksburg is the key.
1275
01:19:57,251 --> 01:20:01,630
The art of waris simple enough.
1276
01:20:01,630 --> 01:20:03,465
Find out whereyour enemy is...
1277
01:20:05,342 --> 01:20:09,054
Strike him as hard as you can,and keep moving on.
1278
01:20:09,054 --> 01:20:11,015
‐ You'll go after Lee.
1279
01:20:11,015 --> 01:20:13,309
You'll go after himuntil he's finished.
1280
01:20:15,644 --> 01:20:16,812
‐ It all depends on you.
108944
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