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When you write content,
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create a piece of art,
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or engineer something,
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your work is protected for
your use and distribution.
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There's usually
some other caveats
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depending on the laws
in your country.
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But in general, copyright is
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used when creating
original work.
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Software that's written is
also protected by copyright.
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Software developers can choose
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what they do with
their software.
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For commercial software,
it's common to let someone
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else use their software if
they pay for a license.
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For non-commercial software,
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a popular option is
making it open source.
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This means that developers will
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let other developers share,
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modify, and distribute
their software for free.
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Score, some amazing
software efforts
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have been developed and advanced
because of open source.
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One major example is
the Linux kernel,
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which is used in the Android OS,
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and in enterprise and
personal computers.
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Hundreds of millions of devices
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are running Linux at
this very second.
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LibreOffice, GIMP,
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and Firefox are other examples
of open-source software.
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Open-source projects are
usually contributed by
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developers who work
on the project
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for free in their free time.
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These massive software
development efforts were
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essentially built by a
community of volunteers.
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How great is that?
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In an IT environment,
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you'll have to pay
special attention to
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the types of software you use.
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Some may require you to pay
multiple licenses to use it,
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others might be free
and open source.
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It's important to check
the license agreement
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of any software before
you install it.
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We've talked about some of
the basics of software,
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but now let's shift to
the two types of software
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you'll encounter
categorized by function.
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Application software
is any software
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created to fulfill
a specific need,
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like a text editor,
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web browser, or graphic editor.
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System software is software
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used to keep our
core system running,
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like operating system
tools and utilities.
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There's also a type of
system software that
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we haven't defined
yet called firmware.
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Firmware is software that's
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permanently stored on
a computer component.
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Can you think of a firmware
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that we've talked about already?
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If you thought of the
BIOS, you're right.
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The BIOS helps start up the
hardware on your computer,
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and also helps load up
your operating system,
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so it's important that it's
in a permanent location.
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I should also call out
software versions.
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These are important
because they tell us
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what features were added to
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a specific software iteration.
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You'll encounter lots
of software versions
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while you work with software.
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Developers might sometimes use
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a different standard when
distinguishing a version,
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but in general, the majority of
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versions follow a
sequential numbering trend.
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You might see something
like this, 1.2.5 or 1.3.4.
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Which of these do you think
is the newer version?
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It's 1.3.4 because it's a
larger number than 1.2.5.
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You can read more about software
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versioning in the
supplemental reading.
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You'll have to work with
all kinds of software.
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Fortunately, it basically
all works the same way.
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Once you learn how one
piece of software works,
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you'll understand how
others might function.
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