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WHEN I WAS A BOY,
THE LAKOTA OWNED THE WORLD.
2
00:00:20,974 --> 00:00:24,802
THE SUN ROSE AND SET
ON THEIR LAND.
3
00:00:24,827 --> 00:00:28,193
THEY SENT 10,000 MEN TO BATTLE.
4
00:00:29,607 --> 00:00:32,379
WHERE ARE THE WARRIORS TODAY?
5
00:00:32,404 --> 00:00:33,849
WHO SLEW THEM?
6
00:00:35,169 --> 00:00:39,208
WHERE ARE OUR LANDS?
WHO OWNS THEM? --
7
00:00:40,927 --> 00:00:42,270
SITTING BULL.
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00:00:48,482 --> 00:00:54,841
[ NATIVE AMERICAN CHANTING ]
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[ DRUM BEATS,
CHANTING CONTINUES ]
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[ MORE VOICES
ADDED TO CHANTING ]
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00:01:47,677 --> 00:01:52,536
BY 1887, THE WEST WAS CHANGING
FASTER THAN EVER BEFORE.
12
00:01:53,544 --> 00:01:54,855
AMERICANS WERE MOVED
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00:01:54,880 --> 00:01:58,052
BY THE SAME IMPULSES
THAT HAD ALWAYS MOVED THEM --
14
00:01:58,630 --> 00:02:00,535
TO BETTER THEIR OWN LIVES,
15
00:02:00,560 --> 00:02:03,146
AND TRANSFORM THE REGION
IN THE PROCESS.
16
00:02:04,724 --> 00:02:07,011
NOW, THEIR NUMBERS SOARED,
17
00:02:07,036 --> 00:02:08,480
AND THEY BROUGHT WITH THEM
18
00:02:08,505 --> 00:02:11,255
THE TOOLS
OF THE NEW INDUSTRIAL AGE.
19
00:02:14,326 --> 00:02:16,630
MINING STILL LURED PEOPLE
TO THE WEST
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00:02:16,655 --> 00:02:19,552
FROM EVERY CORNER
OF THE GLOBE,
21
00:02:19,577 --> 00:02:22,669
BUT IT WAS
A FULL-SCALE INDUSTRY NOW...
22
00:02:24,858 --> 00:02:27,771
AND THE CITIES IT CREATED
SEEMED LITTLE DIFFERENT
23
00:02:27,796 --> 00:02:31,044
FROM THE GRIMY FACTORY TOWNS
OF THE EAST.
24
00:02:34,431 --> 00:02:38,052
HOMESTEADERS AND FORTUNE-SEEKERS
STILL ARRIVED,
25
00:02:38,077 --> 00:02:42,036
EVEN THOUGH MUCH OF THE BEST
LAND HAD ALREADY BEEN CLAIMED.
26
00:02:46,214 --> 00:02:48,177
AND THE FRENZY
OVER WHAT WAS LEFT
27
00:02:48,202 --> 00:02:50,466
TOUCHED OFF HUMAN STAMPEDES,
28
00:02:50,491 --> 00:02:54,091
WHILE WHOLE TOWNS
OPENED FOR BUSINESS OVERNIGHT.
29
00:03:03,800 --> 00:03:06,884
BUT FOR THE FIRST INHABITANTS
OF THE WEST,
30
00:03:06,909 --> 00:03:10,607
IT SEEMED THAT A WAY OF LIFE
THAT HAD LASTED FOR GENERATIONS
31
00:03:10,632 --> 00:03:12,068
WAS ENDING.
32
00:03:13,811 --> 00:03:17,169
AS THEY SAW THEIR
REMAINING LANDS STRIPPED AWAY,
33
00:03:17,194 --> 00:03:18,810
SOME INDIANS SOUGHT REFUGE
34
00:03:18,835 --> 00:03:24,654
IN A RELIGION THAT PROMISED
IT HAD ALL BEEN A BAD DREAM.
35
00:03:33,377 --> 00:03:34,443
Woman: IF YOU STOP AND THINK
36
00:03:34,468 --> 00:03:38,763
ABOUT THE KIND OF PREJUDICE
A LOT OF PEOPLE SUFFERED,
37
00:03:40,071 --> 00:03:42,232
A LOT OF THE DESTRUCTION
THAT TOOK PLACE
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00:03:42,257 --> 00:03:45,517
AS A CONSEQUENCE
OF WAR AND CONQUERING,
39
00:03:46,066 --> 00:03:48,732
THEN IT WASN’T
SUCH A PRETTY PICTURE.
40
00:03:49,887 --> 00:03:53,904
BUT I HAVE TO SAY THAT I THINK
WE HAVE TO RECOGNIZE
41
00:03:53,929 --> 00:03:58,552
THAT THAT’S THE STORY
OF ALL PLACES, OF ALL NATIONS,
42
00:04:00,342 --> 00:04:01,927
NO MATTER WHERE IN THE WORLD.
43
00:04:01,952 --> 00:04:07,763
IT IS A STORY OF CONQUERING,
GREAT SACRIFICE, GREAT LOSS,
44
00:04:07,788 --> 00:04:12,993
AND, A LOT OF TIMES, A
TAKING AWAY OF THINGS THAT
45
00:04:13,018 --> 00:04:16,693
REALLY BELONGED TO SOMEONE ELSE.
46
00:04:16,718 --> 00:04:20,583
BUT EVEN KNOWING ALL OF THAT...
47
00:04:21,899 --> 00:04:25,700
{\an8}AND WISHING THAT PART OF IT
WERE NOT THERE
48
00:04:25,725 --> 00:04:30,072
CANNOT TAKE AWAY THE SPIRIT
AND THE IDEALISM
49
00:04:30,097 --> 00:04:33,669
AND THE EXCITEMENT
THAT THE PEOPLE FELT
50
00:04:33,694 --> 00:04:35,005
THAT ACTUALLY DID IT
51
00:04:35,030 --> 00:04:38,820
AND THAT WE STILL FEEL WHEN WE
THINK ABOUT THEM DOING IT.
52
00:04:59,384 --> 00:05:03,007
Narrator: ON THE MORNING
OF APRIL 22, 1889,
53
00:05:03,032 --> 00:05:06,528
SOME 100,000
EAGER, WOULD-BE SETTLERS
54
00:05:06,553 --> 00:05:09,329
SURROUNDED WHAT WAS CALLED
THE "OKLAHOMA DISTRICT"
55
00:05:09,354 --> 00:05:11,524
ON THE SOUTHERN PLAINS,
56
00:05:11,549 --> 00:05:15,313
PREPARING TO STORM IN
AND STAKE THEIR CLAIMS.
57
00:05:17,637 --> 00:05:20,977
TWO MILLION ACRES
IN THE HEART OF INDIAN TERRITORY
58
00:05:21,002 --> 00:05:24,288
WERE BEING OPENED
FOR HOMESTEADING.
59
00:05:24,313 --> 00:05:26,337
ALL ALONG
THE DISTRICT’S BORDERS,
60
00:05:26,362 --> 00:05:28,217
SOLDIERS FROM THE U.S. ARMY
61
00:05:28,242 --> 00:05:31,586
HELD BACK THE SWARM
OF EXCITED PIONEERS
62
00:05:31,611 --> 00:05:35,680
WHO WERE POISED FOR THE SIGNAL
THAT THE LAND RUSH COULD BEGIN.
63
00:05:36,954 --> 00:05:38,876
AT PRECISELY NOON,
64
00:05:38,901 --> 00:05:42,868
THE BUGLES BLEW,
AND THE HUGE CROWD SURGED AHEAD.
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00:05:42,893 --> 00:05:47,009
[ BANJO MUSIC PLAYS ]
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00:05:54,923 --> 00:05:58,180
MANY HEADED FOR TOWNS
ABOUT TO BE BORN --
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00:05:58,205 --> 00:06:02,844
OKLAHOMA CITY, STILLWATER,
KINGFISHER, NORMAN --
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00:06:02,869 --> 00:06:04,321
AND GUTHRIE.
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00:06:06,020 --> 00:06:08,657
THE LAST BARRIER OF SAVAGERY
IN THE UNITED STATES
70
00:06:08,682 --> 00:06:10,816
WAS BROKEN DOWN.
71
00:06:10,841 --> 00:06:12,649
MOVED BY THE SAME IMPULSE,
72
00:06:12,674 --> 00:06:16,507
EACH DRIVER
LASHED HIS HORSES FURIOUSLY.
73
00:06:16,532 --> 00:06:17,801
EACH MAN ON FOOT
74
00:06:17,826 --> 00:06:19,993
CAUGHT HIS BREATH
AND STARTED FORWARD --
75
00:06:21,983 --> 00:06:24,751
HARPERS WEEKLY.
76
00:06:28,171 --> 00:06:30,001
Narrator:
BY THE END OF THE DAY,
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00:06:30,026 --> 00:06:35,735
ALL 1,920,000 ACRES
IN THE OKLAHOMA DISTRICT
78
00:06:35,760 --> 00:06:38,007
HAD BEEN CLAIMED.
79
00:06:38,040 --> 00:06:40,922
BUT THE CHOICEST LOTS
HAD ALREADY BEEN TAKEN
80
00:06:40,947 --> 00:06:44,298
BY SETTLERS WHO HAD ILLEGALLY
SLIPPED THROUGH THE ARMY LINES
81
00:06:44,323 --> 00:06:45,403
THE NIGHT BEFORE.
82
00:06:46,672 --> 00:06:49,360
THEY CALLED THEMSELVES
"SOONERS."
83
00:06:52,468 --> 00:06:54,969
MEN WHO HAD EXPECTED
TO LAY OUT THE TOWN SITE
84
00:06:54,994 --> 00:06:57,712
WERE GRIEVOUSLY DISAPPOINTED
AT THEIR FIRST GLIMPSE
85
00:06:57,737 --> 00:07:00,337
OF THEIR PROPOSED SCENE
OF OPERATIONS.
86
00:07:03,089 --> 00:07:05,602
THE SLOPE EAST OF THE RAILWAY
AT GUTHRIE STATION
87
00:07:05,627 --> 00:07:08,939
WAS ALREADY DOTTED WHITE
WITH TENTS
88
00:07:08,964 --> 00:07:11,337
AND SPRINKLED THICK
WITH MEN RUNNING ABOUT
89
00:07:11,362 --> 00:07:12,992
IN ALL DIRECTIONS.
90
00:07:14,599 --> 00:07:16,673
Narrator:
BY NOON OF THE FOLLOWING DAY,
91
00:07:16,698 --> 00:07:20,954
THE 15,000 NEW CITIZENS
OF THE BRAND-NEW TOWN OF GUTHRIE
92
00:07:20,979 --> 00:07:23,493
BEGAN CHOOSING THEIR MAYOR.
93
00:07:23,518 --> 00:07:25,041
IT WASN’T EASY.
94
00:07:25,066 --> 00:07:28,776
THERE WERE TWO CANDIDATES
AND NO BALLOTS.
95
00:07:28,801 --> 00:07:32,874
TWO LINES WERE FORMED,
AND EACH MAN’S VOTE WAS TALLIED,
96
00:07:32,899 --> 00:07:34,118
BUT SO MANY VOTERS
97
00:07:34,143 --> 00:07:36,618
RAN TO THE BACK OF THE LINE
TO VOTE AGAIN
98
00:07:36,643 --> 00:07:39,977
THAT THE WHOLE BUSINESS
HAD TO BE DONE OVER.
99
00:07:41,396 --> 00:07:45,657
LAWYERS WENT TO WORK,
FILING LAND CLAIMS FOR A FEE.
100
00:07:47,472 --> 00:07:51,016
THREE MEN WITHOUT A CENT
BETWEEN THEM OPENED A BANK.
101
00:07:51,757 --> 00:07:54,321
DEPOSITS WERE KEPT
IN A POTBELLIED STOVE
102
00:07:54,346 --> 00:07:57,469
UNTIL THEY COULD AFFORD
TO BUY A VAULT.
103
00:07:58,410 --> 00:08:01,485
A BLACKSMITH
SOON SAW THE NEED FOR A DENTIST,
104
00:08:01,510 --> 00:08:02,962
DECLARED HIMSELF ONE,
105
00:08:02,987 --> 00:08:06,954
AND ADVERTISED HIS SKILLS BY
HANGING THE TEETH HE EXTRACTED
106
00:08:06,979 --> 00:08:09,699
ON A STRING OUTSIDE HIS TENT.
107
00:08:17,512 --> 00:08:18,811
WITHIN FIVE DAYS,
108
00:08:18,836 --> 00:08:21,130
WOOD-FRAME BUILDINGS
WERE BEING BANGED TOGETHER
109
00:08:21,155 --> 00:08:22,785
ALONG MAIN STREET.
110
00:08:23,878 --> 00:08:26,938
AND BY THE TIME GUTHRIE
WAS ONLY ONE MONTH OLD,
111
00:08:26,963 --> 00:08:30,790
IT HAD A HOTEL, GENERAL STORES,
THREE NEWSPAPERS,
112
00:08:30,815 --> 00:08:32,985
AND FIFTY SALOONS.
113
00:08:40,784 --> 00:08:42,235
IN THE YEARS THAT FOLLOWED,
114
00:08:42,260 --> 00:08:45,157
THERE WOULD BE MORE LAND RUSHES
THROUGHOUT THE WEST,
115
00:08:46,775 --> 00:08:49,852
BRINGING IN SETTLERS
AND CREATING NEW TOWNS
116
00:08:49,877 --> 00:08:53,127
IN NUMBERS
NEVER BEFORE IMAGINED.
117
00:09:00,074 --> 00:09:03,969
Richards:
I AM A BEING OF THE WEST.
118
00:09:03,994 --> 00:09:06,721
I AM AN HEIR
119
00:09:06,746 --> 00:09:11,329
TO THE RICHEST POSSIBLE HERITAGE
THAT ANYBODY COULD HAVE.
120
00:09:13,725 --> 00:09:15,555
I THINK OF THOSE PEOPLE
121
00:09:15,580 --> 00:09:17,782
WHO WERE READY
TO TAKE ON ANYTHING
122
00:09:19,090 --> 00:09:23,665
AND TO DO SO WITH THE COMMITMENT
AND THE DEDICATION
123
00:09:23,690 --> 00:09:27,235
THAT NO MATTER,
COME HELL OR HIGH WATER,
124
00:09:27,260 --> 00:09:31,868
THEY WERE GOING TO SUCCEED --
I THINK I’M A PART OF THAT.
125
00:09:31,893 --> 00:09:39,089
AND I LOVE THE NOTION OF BEING
SOMEWHERE IN THAT LINEAGE
126
00:09:39,114 --> 00:09:42,602
AND KNOW THAT MY CHILDREN
ARE TOO.
127
00:09:55,331 --> 00:09:58,345
THE INDIAN
MAY NOW BECOME A FREE MAN --
128
00:09:58,370 --> 00:10:00,616
FREE FROM THE THRALDOM
OF THE TRIBE,
129
00:10:00,641 --> 00:10:03,579
FREE FROM THE DOMINATION
OF THE RESERVATION SYSTEM,
130
00:10:03,604 --> 00:10:07,157
FREE TO ENTER
INTO THE BODY OF OUR CITIZENS.
131
00:10:07,182 --> 00:10:09,188
THIS BILL
MAY THEREFORE BE CONSIDERED
132
00:10:09,213 --> 00:10:10,426
AS THE MAGNA CARTA
133
00:10:10,451 --> 00:10:12,321
OF THE INDIANS
OF OUR COUNTRY --
134
00:10:13,006 --> 00:10:14,086
ALICE FLETCHER.
135
00:10:17,750 --> 00:10:21,000
Narrator:
IN 1887, WELL-MEANING REFORMERS
136
00:10:21,025 --> 00:10:24,775
HAD PERSUADED CONGRESS
TO PASS THE DAWES ACT.
137
00:10:26,836 --> 00:10:29,960
IT PROVIDED FOR EACH HEAD
OF AN INDIAN FAMILY
138
00:10:29,985 --> 00:10:33,124
TO BE GIVEN 160 ACRES
OF FARMLAND
139
00:10:33,149 --> 00:10:35,869
OR 320 OF GRAZING LAND.
140
00:10:36,896 --> 00:10:39,764
THEN,
ALL THE REMAINING TRIBAL LANDS
141
00:10:39,789 --> 00:10:43,671
WERE TO BE DECLARED "SURPLUS"
AND OPENED UP FOR WHITES.
142
00:10:46,131 --> 00:10:49,077
TRIBAL OWNERSHIP --
AND THE TRIBES THEMSELVES --
143
00:10:49,102 --> 00:10:51,866
WERE MEANT SIMPLY TO DISAPPEAR.
144
00:10:55,416 --> 00:10:56,530
Woman: THE DAWES ACT
145
00:10:56,555 --> 00:11:01,856
WAS A WAY TO BREAK UP
THE WHOLE TRIBAL STRUCTURE
146
00:11:01,881 --> 00:11:04,483
OF NATIVE AMERICAN NATIONS.
147
00:11:05,183 --> 00:11:07,866
INSTEAD OF SAYING
YOU ARE A GROUP OF PEOPLE,
148
00:11:07,891 --> 00:11:11,241
ALL OF A SUDDEN,
YOU ARE INDIVIDUAL LAND OWNERS,
149
00:11:11,266 --> 00:11:12,764
YOU ARE AMERICANS.
150
00:11:14,641 --> 00:11:17,194
{\an8}AND SO IT WAS DESIGNED
TO BREAK UP COMMUNITY,
151
00:11:17,219 --> 00:11:21,481
{\an8}TO CIVILIZE PEOPLE,
MAKE US FARMERS,
152
00:11:21,506 --> 00:11:24,991
AND TO ALSO BREAK UP
OUR TRIBAL STRUCTURE.
153
00:11:28,597 --> 00:11:33,257
Narrator: IN 1889, THE SAME YEAR
AS THE OKLAHOMA LAND RUSH,
154
00:11:33,282 --> 00:11:37,608
TWO EASTERN WOMEN ARRIVED AT THE
NEZ PERCE RESERVATION IN IDAHO,
155
00:11:37,633 --> 00:11:40,280
DETERMINED TO IMPLEMENT
THE DAWES ACT.
156
00:11:42,517 --> 00:11:44,764
ALICE FLETCHER
WAS A LEADER OF THE GROUP
157
00:11:44,789 --> 00:11:48,077
THAT CALLED ITSELF
THE "FRIENDS OF THE INDIANS,"
158
00:11:48,102 --> 00:11:51,352
A PIONEER IN THE EMERGING FIELD
OF ETHNOLOGY,
159
00:11:51,377 --> 00:11:53,921
AND ONE OF THE ARCHITECTS
OF THE NEW LAW.
160
00:11:55,202 --> 00:11:58,952
HER COMPANION WAS JANE GAY,
A SOMETIME POET
161
00:11:58,977 --> 00:12:01,053
WHO HAD LEARNED
THE ART OF PHOTOGRAPHY
162
00:12:01,078 --> 00:12:04,328
TO DOCUMENT THEIR TIME
WITH THE INDIANS.
163
00:12:05,671 --> 00:12:07,436
THEY HAD COME, THEY BELIEVED,
164
00:12:07,461 --> 00:12:10,850
TO SAVE THE NEZ PERCE
FROM THEMSELVES --
165
00:12:10,875 --> 00:12:15,514
BY DIVIDING UP THEIR LAND
AND MAKING THEM HOMESTEADERS.
166
00:12:18,834 --> 00:12:22,975
ALICE EXPLAINED WHAT SHE HAD
CALLED THEM TOGETHER TO HEAR,
167
00:12:23,000 --> 00:12:27,248
EXPLAINED THE LAND ALLOTMENT,
THE MEANING OF CITIZENSHIP,
168
00:12:27,273 --> 00:12:28,858
AND HER WISH
THAT THE WHOLE PEOPLE
169
00:12:28,883 --> 00:12:31,444
WOULD SEE THE WISDOM
OF THE GREAT CHANGE
170
00:12:31,469 --> 00:12:33,561
THAT SHE HAD COME
TO BRING UPON THEM.
171
00:12:34,801 --> 00:12:37,168
STILL, A SILENCE --
172
00:12:37,193 --> 00:12:42,249
THE INTERPRETER READ THE LAW
AND THEN SAT DOWN AND WAITED.
173
00:12:42,274 --> 00:12:45,257
A LITTLE STIR
AROSE AMONG THE PEOPLE,
174
00:12:45,282 --> 00:12:48,084
AND AT LENGTH,
ONE MAN STOOD UP --
175
00:12:48,109 --> 00:12:50,163
A TALL, BROAD-SHOULDERED FELLOW
176
00:12:50,188 --> 00:12:52,467
WITH AN AIR OF AUTHORITY
ABOUT HIM.
177
00:12:53,136 --> 00:12:54,007
HE SAID,
178
00:12:54,032 --> 00:12:57,375
"WE DO NOT WANT OUR LAND
CUT UP IN LITTLE PIECES.
179
00:12:57,400 --> 00:12:59,570
"WE HAVE NOT TOLD YOU TO DO IT.
180
00:13:00,523 --> 00:13:02,663
WE ARE CONTENT
TO BE AS WE ARE."
181
00:13:03,303 --> 00:13:04,553
AND A GROAN OF ASSENT
182
00:13:04,578 --> 00:13:07,014
RAN ALONG THE DARK LINE
OF SPHINXES
183
00:13:07,039 --> 00:13:10,702
AS THE OLD MAN
DREW HIS BLANKET ABOUT HIM.
184
00:13:10,727 --> 00:13:13,405
"OUR PEOPLE ARE SCATTERED,"
SAID ANOTHER.
185
00:13:13,430 --> 00:13:14,866
"WE MUST COME TOGETHER
186
00:13:14,891 --> 00:13:17,811
AND DECIDE
WHETHER WE WILL HAVE THIS LAW."
187
00:13:19,394 --> 00:13:24,030
SHE TOLD THEM THAT THERE
IS NOTHING FOR THEM TO DECIDE.
188
00:13:24,055 --> 00:13:26,888
THEY HAVE NO CHOICE...
189
00:13:26,913 --> 00:13:30,100
THE LAW MUST BE OBEYED --
190
00:13:31,001 --> 00:13:32,641
JANE GAY.
191
00:13:37,073 --> 00:13:39,397
Narrator: ALICE FLETCHER
IMMEDIATELY SET TO WORK
192
00:13:39,422 --> 00:13:42,577
MARKING OFF THE NEW BOUNDARIES
ON THE RESERVATION.
193
00:13:43,949 --> 00:13:48,022
THE NEZ PERCE CAME TO CALL HER
THE "MEASURING WOMAN."
194
00:13:49,559 --> 00:13:52,809
CHIEF JOSEPH HIMSELF
CAME TO PAY A VISIT.
195
00:13:53,519 --> 00:13:57,329
AFTER HIS LONG FLIGHT
FROM THE ARMY IN 1877,
196
00:13:57,354 --> 00:13:59,460
HE HAD BEEN EXILED TO OKLAHOMA
197
00:13:59,485 --> 00:14:01,921
AND THEN ALLOWED TO RETURN
TO A RESERVATION
198
00:14:01,946 --> 00:14:04,014
IN EASTERN WASHINGTON --
199
00:14:04,039 --> 00:14:08,647
BUT NOT TO HIS BELOVED HOMELAND,
THE WALLOWA VALLEY IN OREGON.
200
00:14:10,035 --> 00:14:13,085
USING A NEW DEVICE --
A WAX CYLINDER --
201
00:14:13,110 --> 00:14:14,530
FLETCHER CONVINCED JOSEPH
202
00:14:14,555 --> 00:14:17,155
TO RECORD
ONE OF HIS TRADITIONAL SONGS.
203
00:14:17,180 --> 00:14:21,897
[ NATIVE AMERICAN CHANTING ]
204
00:14:25,797 --> 00:14:30,077
BUT SHE COULD NOT TALK HIM INTO
TAKING AN ALLOTMENT OF LAND.
205
00:14:35,229 --> 00:14:37,671
Gay: HE WILL HAVE NONE
BUT THE WALLOWA VALLEY,
206
00:14:37,696 --> 00:14:39,944
FROM WHICH HE WAS DRIVEN.
207
00:14:39,969 --> 00:14:42,828
HE WILL REMAIN LANDLESS
AND HOMELESS
208
00:14:42,853 --> 00:14:45,249
IF HE CANNOT HAVE
HIS OWN AGAIN.
209
00:14:47,298 --> 00:14:50,975
IT WAS GOOD TO SEE
AN UNSUBJUGATED INDIAN.
210
00:14:51,000 --> 00:14:52,538
ONE COULD NOT HELP RESPECTING
211
00:14:52,563 --> 00:14:56,374
THE MAN WHO STILL STOOD FIRMLY
FOR HIS RIGHTS,
212
00:14:56,399 --> 00:14:59,795
AFTER HAVING FOUGHT
AND SUFFERED AND BEEN DEFEATED
213
00:14:59,820 --> 00:15:03,124
IN THE STRUGGLE
FOR THEIR MAINTENANCE.
214
00:15:19,283 --> 00:15:22,342
Narrator: ALICE FLETCHER
KEPT AT IT FOR FOUR LONG YEARS,
215
00:15:22,367 --> 00:15:25,971
TRYING TO DIVIDE INDIAN LANDS
FAIRLY,
216
00:15:25,996 --> 00:15:29,061
WHILE FENDING OFF WHITES
WHO SOUGHT TO PERSUADE HER
217
00:15:29,086 --> 00:15:31,256
TO LEAVE THE BEST LAND
FOR THEM.
218
00:15:33,123 --> 00:15:35,815
Fletcher: I AM NEARLY USED UP.
219
00:15:35,840 --> 00:15:41,569
I HAVE SUCH A HARD TIME HERE,
BUT I SHALL SOON PUSH THROUGH.
220
00:15:41,594 --> 00:15:44,671
MY HONOR IS INVOLVED
IN GETTING THIS DONE.
221
00:15:47,979 --> 00:15:49,827
Narrator:
BY THE TIME SHE WAS FINISHED,
222
00:15:49,852 --> 00:15:53,444
SHE HAD MADE MORE THAN 2,000
NEZ PERCE ALLOTMENTS --
223
00:15:54,425 --> 00:15:57,675
OVER 175,000 ACRES.
224
00:15:59,229 --> 00:16:00,544
THEN SHE AND HER FRIEND
225
00:16:00,569 --> 00:16:03,624
STARTED EAST
TO CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS,
226
00:16:03,649 --> 00:16:06,022
WHERE FLETCHER
HAD BEEN AWARDED A FELLOWSHIP
227
00:16:06,047 --> 00:16:08,624
AT HARVARD’S PEABODY MUSEUM.
228
00:16:10,797 --> 00:16:14,077
Gay: IN THE WEEK’S JOURNEY HOME
ACROSS THE CONTINENT,
229
00:16:14,102 --> 00:16:14,936
WE SHALL HAVE TIME
230
00:16:14,961 --> 00:16:17,710
TO REVIEW THE OUTCOME
OF OUR EARNEST ENDEAVORS.
231
00:16:19,285 --> 00:16:23,374
BUT IF IT HAS BEEN WELL FOR US
AND WELL FOR THE INDIAN
232
00:16:23,399 --> 00:16:25,374
IS NOT FOR US TO KNOW.
233
00:16:29,046 --> 00:16:32,991
WE CAN ONLY LEAVE THE QUESTION
AMONG THE UNSOLVABLE,
234
00:16:33,016 --> 00:16:35,207
WHOSE MULTITUDE
GROWS EVER GREATER
235
00:16:35,232 --> 00:16:36,962
AS LIFE GOES ON.
236
00:16:46,379 --> 00:16:49,053
Narrator: THE DAWES ACT,
MEANT TO HELP INDIANS,
237
00:16:49,078 --> 00:16:50,868
DEVASTATED THEM INSTEAD.
238
00:16:52,604 --> 00:16:56,850
IN 1895, THE REMAINING
HALF-MILLION UNALLOTTED ACRES
239
00:16:56,875 --> 00:17:00,491
OF NEZ PERCE TRIBAL LAND
WERE DECLARED "SURPLUS"
240
00:17:00,516 --> 00:17:02,686
AND OPENED FOR HOMESTEADING.
241
00:17:06,951 --> 00:17:10,050
BY 1910,
THERE WOULD BE 30,000 WHITES
242
00:17:10,075 --> 00:17:13,819
WITHIN THE NEZ PERCE
RESERVATION --
243
00:17:13,844 --> 00:17:16,467
AND JUST 1,500 NEZ PERCE.
244
00:17:20,055 --> 00:17:24,178
ACROSS MUCH OF THE WEST,
THE STORY WOULD BE THE SAME.
245
00:17:25,386 --> 00:17:26,942
BEFORE THE DAWES ACT,
246
00:17:26,967 --> 00:17:32,046
SOME 150 MILLION ACRES
REMAINED IN INDIAN HANDS.
247
00:17:33,033 --> 00:17:37,827
WITHIN 20 YEARS, TWO-THIRDS
OF THEIR LAND WAS GONE.
248
00:17:46,416 --> 00:17:48,466
Man: BY THE 1880s,
249
00:17:48,491 --> 00:17:51,556
THE GREAT AMERICAN WEST
WAS NOT A MATTER OF COWBOYS,
250
00:17:51,581 --> 00:17:54,642
INDIANS, MOUNTAIN MEN,
AND EXPLORERS,
251
00:17:54,667 --> 00:17:59,872
BUT IN FACT, A LAND LARGELY
URBAN, LARGELY INDUSTRIAL,
252
00:17:59,897 --> 00:18:02,486
AND RIVEN
WITH MANY OF THE SAME PROBLEMS
253
00:18:02,511 --> 00:18:05,231
THAT ASSAULTED
THE INDUSTRIALIZED EAST.
254
00:18:06,575 --> 00:18:07,750
THE MINING INDUSTRY,
255
00:18:07,775 --> 00:18:10,994
PROBABLY MORE
THAN ANY OTHER SINGLE INDUSTRY,
256
00:18:11,019 --> 00:18:14,279
{\an8}WAS DESIGNED SPECIFICALLY
TO GET INTO THE WEST,
257
00:18:14,304 --> 00:18:17,103
{\an8}FIND WHAT RESOURCES IT HAD,
DIG ’EM OUT,
258
00:18:17,128 --> 00:18:18,483
LEAVE A WRECK BEHIND,
259
00:18:18,508 --> 00:18:20,814
AND GET OUT
AND MOVE ON SOMEPLACE ELSE.
260
00:18:25,528 --> 00:18:29,955
Narrator: BUTTE, MONTANA,
WAS ALWAYS A MINING TOWN.
261
00:18:29,980 --> 00:18:33,593
IT HAD BEEN BORN
DURING A GOLD RUSH IN THE 1860s
262
00:18:33,618 --> 00:18:35,619
AND WAS GIVEN
A SECOND LEASE ON LIFE
263
00:18:35,644 --> 00:18:37,978
WITH A SILVER STRIKE
IN THE 1870s.
264
00:18:40,151 --> 00:18:44,267
THEN, IN 1881,
300 FEET BELOW THE GROUND,
265
00:18:44,292 --> 00:18:47,103
MINERS MADE AN EVEN MORE
IMPORTANT DISCOVERY --
266
00:18:48,139 --> 00:18:53,220
THE LARGEST DEPOSIT OF COPPER
THE WORLD HAD EVER SEEN.
267
00:18:53,245 --> 00:18:56,881
IT WAS JUST WHAT THE NEW
ELECTRICAL AGE REQUIRED --
268
00:18:56,906 --> 00:19:01,569
COPPER FOR CONDUCTORS,
MACHINES, WIRES.
269
00:19:01,594 --> 00:19:04,728
BY THE MID-1880s,
BUTTE’S MINES WERE YIELDING
270
00:19:04,753 --> 00:19:09,819
ALMOST 2,000 TONS OF SILVER
AND COPPER ORE EVERY DAY --
271
00:19:09,844 --> 00:19:14,149
WELL OVER A MILLION DOLLARS
EVERY MONTH.
272
00:19:14,174 --> 00:19:19,087
ITS CITIZENS BOASTED THEY LIVED
ON THE "RICHEST HILL ON EARTH."
273
00:19:20,582 --> 00:19:23,595
Man: BUTTE HAD
A KIND OF COLLECTIVE ENERGY
274
00:19:23,620 --> 00:19:27,916
THAT I SUSPECT NO OTHER
WESTERN TOWN COULD HAVE MATCHED.
275
00:19:27,941 --> 00:19:31,727
{\an8}THE MINES NEVER CLOSED,
THE BARS NEVER CLOSED,
276
00:19:31,752 --> 00:19:35,542
{\an8}CERTAINLY THE RED-LIGHT DISTRICT
DID NOT CLOSE.
277
00:19:36,995 --> 00:19:38,931
I’VE ALWAYS THOUGHT OF IT
AS AN EASTERN TOWN,
278
00:19:38,956 --> 00:19:42,111
AS A MISPLACED EASTERN TOWN --
A KIND OF DOWNSIZED PITTSBURGH
279
00:19:42,136 --> 00:19:45,603
LOCATED IN THE MIDDLE
OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS.
280
00:19:49,567 --> 00:19:52,041
Narrator: MOST OF THE
BUTTE MINERS WERE IRISH,
281
00:19:52,066 --> 00:19:55,814
BUT THERE WERE ALSO FINNS
AND JAPANESE AND ITALIANS,
282
00:19:55,839 --> 00:19:58,914
CROATIANS, MEXICANS,
AND SWEDES --
283
00:19:58,939 --> 00:20:01,806
38 DIFFERENT NATIONALITIES
IN ALL --
284
00:20:01,831 --> 00:20:05,033
SO MANY THAT THE "NO SMOKING"
SIGNS IN THE MINES
285
00:20:05,058 --> 00:20:08,009
HAD TO BE PRINTED
IN 14 LANGUAGES.
286
00:20:09,389 --> 00:20:12,923
ALL THE MEN WERE WORKING
STEADILY TOWARD ONE GOAL --
287
00:20:12,948 --> 00:20:16,103
TAKE AS MUCH ORE AS POSSIBLE
FROM THE MINES,
288
00:20:16,128 --> 00:20:18,697
4,000 FEET BELOW THE SURFACE.
289
00:20:20,433 --> 00:20:23,837
IT WAS THE MOST DANGEROUS JOB
IN AMERICA.
290
00:20:23,862 --> 00:20:25,869
IN THE HOT, AIRLESS TUNNELS,
291
00:20:25,894 --> 00:20:30,095
TEMPERATURES STAYED
ABOVE 90 DEGREES ALL YEAR ROUND.
292
00:20:31,710 --> 00:20:35,228
MINE SHAFTS COLLAPSED
OR CAUGHT FIRE.
293
00:20:35,253 --> 00:20:38,473
AND THERE WAS THE PERPETUAL
THREAT OF SILICOSIS,
294
00:20:38,498 --> 00:20:43,054
CAUSED BY INHALING DUST,
WHICH TORE AT THE MINERS’ LUNGS
295
00:20:43,079 --> 00:20:48,212
AND LED THOUSANDS TO DIE YOUNG
FROM PNEUMONIA AND TUBERCULOSIS.
296
00:20:50,300 --> 00:20:52,603
Emmons:
THE ELEVATION TO GROUND LEVEL
297
00:20:52,628 --> 00:20:56,009
IN THE MIDDLE OF A BUTTE WINTER
WAS THE CAUSE OF GREAT ELATION
298
00:20:56,034 --> 00:20:57,603
AMONG THE SCHOOLCHILDREN
OF BUTTE
299
00:20:57,628 --> 00:21:01,866
BECAUSE MEN BEING RAISED
FROM A 100-DEGREE MINE
300
00:21:01,891 --> 00:21:03,605
WOULD BE COVERED WITH SWEAT,
301
00:21:03,630 --> 00:21:05,369
AND AS THEY
REACHED THE SURFACE --
302
00:21:05,394 --> 00:21:07,345
AS THEIR SWEAT-DRENCHED
WORK CLOTHES
303
00:21:07,370 --> 00:21:09,572
WOULD STRIKE
40-DEGREE-BELOW AIR --
304
00:21:09,597 --> 00:21:12,595
THEY WOULD DISAPPEAR
IN A PLUME OF EVAPORATION.
305
00:21:13,106 --> 00:21:15,509
SO THE SCHOOLCHILDREN
USED TO GATHER ON THE HILLSIDE
306
00:21:15,534 --> 00:21:17,736
AND WATCH THE MEN RAISED,
307
00:21:17,761 --> 00:21:21,616
AND IT WAS
THEIR AFTER-SCHOOL PLEASURE
308
00:21:21,641 --> 00:21:23,579
TO WATCH THEM
LITERALLY DISAPPEAR
309
00:21:23,604 --> 00:21:25,798
IN THIS CLOUD,
THIS PUFF OF SMOKE.
310
00:21:31,569 --> 00:21:32,931
IN APPROACHING BUTTE,
311
00:21:32,956 --> 00:21:36,111
I MARVELED AT THE DESOLATION
OF THE COUNTRY.
312
00:21:36,136 --> 00:21:39,498
THERE WAS NO GREENERY
OF ANY KIND --
313
00:21:39,523 --> 00:21:40,697
IT HAD ALL BEEN KILLED
314
00:21:40,722 --> 00:21:44,522
BY THE FUMES AND SMOKE
OF THE PILES OF BURNING ORE --
315
00:21:45,865 --> 00:21:47,485
BILL HAYWOOD.
316
00:21:48,543 --> 00:21:52,251
Narrator: JUST FOUR TREES
SURVIVED WITHIN BUTTE ITSELF,
317
00:21:52,276 --> 00:21:53,876
AND ALL THE NEARBY HILLSIDES
318
00:21:53,901 --> 00:21:56,358
HAD LONG SINCE BEEN STRIPPED
OF WOOD
319
00:21:56,383 --> 00:21:58,697
TO FUEL THE SMELTERS
THAT ROARED ON,
320
00:21:58,722 --> 00:22:00,462
ALL DAY AND ALL NIGHT.
321
00:22:02,242 --> 00:22:06,103
THICK, REEKING SMOKE
HUNG PERPETUALLY OVER THE CITY
322
00:22:06,128 --> 00:22:09,369
AND THE RAW-BONED
MINING SETTLEMENTS AROUND IT --
323
00:22:09,394 --> 00:22:15,374
CABBAGE PATCH, ANACONDA, AND
A PLACE CALLED "SELDOM SEEN."
324
00:22:16,947 --> 00:22:18,720
Emmons: BUTTE HAD
AN AIR-POLLUTION PROBLEM
325
00:22:18,745 --> 00:22:22,431
THAT WAS SUCH THAT IT WOULD BE
LITERALLY DARK AT NOON.
326
00:22:23,279 --> 00:22:26,494
THE PREVAILING WINDS USUALLY
WOULD CARRY THE SMOKE AWAY,
327
00:22:26,519 --> 00:22:30,150
BUT IN DEAD AIR CONDITIONS,
BUTTE WAS OBLITERATED --
328
00:22:30,175 --> 00:22:33,001
IT DISAPPEARED FROM VIEW.
329
00:22:40,198 --> 00:22:42,103
Watkins: MUCH OF MINING
THAT GOES ON IN THE WEST TODAY
330
00:22:42,128 --> 00:22:46,163
IS STILL OPERATING UNDER A LAW
SIGNED BY ULYSSES S. GRANT
331
00:22:46,188 --> 00:22:50,402
CALLED THE "GENERAL MINING LAW
OF 1872,"
332
00:22:50,427 --> 00:22:55,408
WHICH WAS DESIGNED SPECIFICALLY
TO ENCOURAGE MINING IN THE WEST.
333
00:22:55,433 --> 00:22:58,173
IT ENCOURAGED EXPLOITATION.
334
00:22:58,198 --> 00:23:02,369
IT LITERALLY GAVE AWAY
ENORMOUS CHUNKS OF AMERICAN LAND
335
00:23:02,394 --> 00:23:03,939
AT ALMOST NO PRICE,
336
00:23:03,964 --> 00:23:07,619
IMPOSED NO RESTRICTIONS ON HOW
THE MINES WOULD BE DEVELOPED,
337
00:23:08,231 --> 00:23:10,767
REQUIRED NO RECLAMATION WORK
AFTERWARDS,
338
00:23:10,792 --> 00:23:14,333
NO MONITORING OF WHATEVER ACIDS
AND OTHER GARBAGE
339
00:23:14,358 --> 00:23:17,533
THAT MIGHT GET SPILLED
INTO THE LOCAL WATER TABLES,
340
00:23:17,558 --> 00:23:23,488
AND GAVE AWAY -- NO ONE
EVEN KNOWS HOW MUCH PRECISELY --
341
00:23:23,513 --> 00:23:24,517
GOLD AND SILVER,
342
00:23:24,542 --> 00:23:26,845
WITH NO ROYALTIES
PAID TO THE GOVERNMENT AT ALL.
343
00:23:28,698 --> 00:23:33,109
THE WEST
IS A FAIRLY FRAGILE ENVIRONMENT.
344
00:23:33,134 --> 00:23:36,751
UNLIKE THE WELL-FORESTED EAST,
THE SCARS LAST LONGER,
345
00:23:36,776 --> 00:23:40,033
THE DAMAGE
IS OF A LONGER DURATION.
346
00:23:40,058 --> 00:23:42,501
AND YET, WE STILL CONTINUE
TO USE THE WEST THE SAME WAY,
347
00:23:42,526 --> 00:23:45,025
AS IF WHAT WE DID
WAS IMPERMANENT.
348
00:23:45,824 --> 00:23:48,509
BUT IN HUMAN TERMS,
IT IS NOT IMPERMANENT AT ALL.
349
00:23:48,534 --> 00:23:52,955
IT LASTS A VERY LONG TIME --
GENERATIONS.
350
00:24:07,702 --> 00:24:09,365
Narrator: BY 1890,
351
00:24:09,390 --> 00:24:12,220
NO INDIAN PEOPLE
ANYWHERE IN THE WEST
352
00:24:12,245 --> 00:24:15,575
LIVED FREELY
ON THEIR OWN LAND --
353
00:24:15,600 --> 00:24:17,033
AND EVEN THE RESERVATIONS
354
00:24:17,058 --> 00:24:19,353
ON WHICH THEY STRUGGLED
TO SURVIVE
355
00:24:19,378 --> 00:24:21,988
WERE BEING BROKEN UP
UNDER THE DAWES ACT.
356
00:24:23,632 --> 00:24:26,832
CONGRESS HAD CUT APPROPRIATIONS.
357
00:24:26,857 --> 00:24:30,419
RATIONS
WERE DRASTICALLY REDUCED.
358
00:24:30,444 --> 00:24:31,751
THERE WERE DEADLY EPIDEMICS
359
00:24:31,776 --> 00:24:35,423
OF MEASLES, INFLUENZA,
WHOOPING COUGH.
360
00:24:39,224 --> 00:24:42,720
ON THE STANDING ROCK RESERVATION
IN NORTH DAKOTA,
361
00:24:42,745 --> 00:24:44,830
THE LAKOTA MEDICINE MAN,
SITTING BULL,
362
00:24:44,855 --> 00:24:47,025
WAS LIVING QUIETLY IN HIS CABIN.
363
00:24:49,544 --> 00:24:51,775
HE WAS STILL REGARDED
WITH RESPECT
364
00:24:51,800 --> 00:24:53,626
BY THOSE LAKOTAS WHO REMEMBERED
365
00:24:53,651 --> 00:24:56,111
THE EERIE ACCURACY
OF HIS VISIONS
366
00:24:56,136 --> 00:24:58,830
DURING THE DAYS
WHEN THEY HAD FOUGHT CUSTER.
367
00:25:00,921 --> 00:25:03,244
BUT THE LAKOTA WERE DIVIDED NOW,
368
00:25:03,269 --> 00:25:05,087
AS THEY STRUGGLED
TO COME TO TERMS
369
00:25:05,112 --> 00:25:06,837
WITH THE WHITE MAN’S WORLD.
370
00:25:08,213 --> 00:25:12,306
AND SITTING BULL HAD HAD
ANOTHER, MORE DISTURBING VISION.
371
00:25:13,461 --> 00:25:14,462
THIS ONE TOLD HIM
372
00:25:14,487 --> 00:25:18,259
THAT THE WORST FATE THAT COULD
BEFALL A LAKOTA AWAITED HIM --
373
00:25:19,354 --> 00:25:22,304
TO DIE AT THE HANDS
OF HIS OWN PEOPLE.
374
00:25:28,677 --> 00:25:31,427
THAT FALL,
SITTING BULL HAD A VISITOR,
375
00:25:31,452 --> 00:25:34,501
A MINICONJOU LAKOTA
NAMED KICKING BEAR,
376
00:25:34,526 --> 00:25:37,470
JUST BACK FROM A TRAIN TRIP
TO THE FAR WEST
377
00:25:37,495 --> 00:25:40,155
AND BEARING REMARKABLE NEWS.
378
00:25:43,872 --> 00:25:46,072
A CEREMONY
CALLED THE "GHOST DANCE"
379
00:25:46,097 --> 00:25:49,697
WAS SWEEPING THROUGH MANY TRIBES
OF THE WEST.
380
00:25:49,722 --> 00:25:53,431
IT WAS PART OF A MESSAGE OF HOPE
FOR ALL INDIAN PEOPLES
381
00:25:53,456 --> 00:25:56,595
BEING PREACHED BY A PAIUTE
MEDICINE MAN AND PROPHET
382
00:25:56,620 --> 00:25:58,250
NAMED WOVOKA.
383
00:26:00,398 --> 00:26:04,940
MY BROTHERS, I BRING YOU WORD
FROM YOUR FATHERS THE GHOSTS
384
00:26:04,965 --> 00:26:07,525
THAT THEY ARE MARCHING NOW
TO JOIN YOU,
385
00:26:08,833 --> 00:26:10,639
LED BY THE MESSIAH
386
00:26:10,664 --> 00:26:13,564
WHO CAME ONCE TO LIVE ON EARTH
WITH THE WHITE MAN
387
00:26:13,589 --> 00:26:15,759
BUT WAS KILLED BY THEM.
388
00:26:17,337 --> 00:26:19,783
I BRING TO YOU THE PROMISE
OF A DAY
389
00:26:19,808 --> 00:26:21,501
IN WHICH THERE WILL BE
NO WHITE MAN
390
00:26:21,526 --> 00:26:25,686
TO LAY HIS HAND ON THE BRIDLE
OF THE INDIAN’S HORSE,
391
00:26:25,711 --> 00:26:29,361
WHEN THE RED MEN OF THE PRAIRIE
WILL RULE THE WORLD --
392
00:26:31,315 --> 00:26:32,892
WOVOKA.
393
00:26:36,249 --> 00:26:38,666
Narrator:
WOVOKA’S GOSPEL OF SALVATION
394
00:26:38,691 --> 00:26:41,911
WAS FILLED WITH CHRISTIAN,
AS WELL AS INDIAN, ELEMENTS.
395
00:26:43,417 --> 00:26:46,205
MEN AND WOMEN
WERE FIRST TO PURIFY THEMSELVES
396
00:26:46,230 --> 00:26:49,275
AND FORESWEAR
ALCOHOL AND VIOLENCE.
397
00:26:51,041 --> 00:26:53,900
THEN THEY WERE TO DANCE
IN A LARGE CIRCLE,
398
00:26:53,925 --> 00:26:55,452
CHANTING AND APPEALING
399
00:26:55,477 --> 00:26:58,177
TO THE SPIRITS
OF THEIR ANCESTORS.
400
00:26:59,958 --> 00:27:03,845
WHEN THEY DID, WOVOKA PROMISED,
THE WHITES WOULD VANISH,
401
00:27:03,870 --> 00:27:07,447
THE BUFFALO
WOULD COVER THE EARTH AGAIN.
402
00:27:10,145 --> 00:27:14,572
Man: THE GHOST DANCE, I THINK,
WAS A DESPERATE PRAYER.
403
00:27:15,565 --> 00:27:19,455
THEY THOUGHT THAT, WELL,
IT MAY BE POSSIBLE
404
00:27:20,015 --> 00:27:22,126
{\an8}THAT ALL OF THIS
HAS BEEN A BAD DREAM
405
00:27:22,151 --> 00:27:23,626
{\an8}OR ALL OF THIS IS PASSING,
406
00:27:23,651 --> 00:27:26,371
AND THERE WILL BE
THE RESTORATION
407
00:27:26,396 --> 00:27:28,283
OF THE WORLD WE KNEW AND LOVED.
408
00:27:29,079 --> 00:27:32,189
Narrator: LIKE MOST INDIANS,
SITTING BULL REMAINED SKEPTICAL
409
00:27:32,214 --> 00:27:34,611
OF THE CEREMONY’S
PROMISED POWERS.
410
00:27:35,452 --> 00:27:36,189
BUT HE AGREED
411
00:27:36,214 --> 00:27:39,619
TO LET THE GHOST DANCE BE TAUGHT
TO THOSE PEOPLE AT STANDING ROCK
412
00:27:39,644 --> 00:27:41,254
WHO WANTED TO LEARN IT.
413
00:27:42,337 --> 00:27:44,626
IN THE LAKOTA VERSION
OF THE CEREMONY,
414
00:27:44,651 --> 00:27:46,881
THE DANCERS WORE SPECIAL SHIRTS,
415
00:27:46,906 --> 00:27:50,869
SAID TO BE STRONGER
THAN THE WHITE MAN’S BULLETS.
416
00:27:54,494 --> 00:27:57,369
THE PEOPLE, WEARING
THE SACRED SHIRTS AND FEATHERS,
417
00:27:57,394 --> 00:27:59,712
NOW FORMED A RING.
418
00:27:59,737 --> 00:28:03,509
WE BOYS WERE IN IT.
ALL JOINED HANDS.
419
00:28:03,534 --> 00:28:05,853
EVERYONE
WAS RESPECTFUL AND QUIET,
420
00:28:05,878 --> 00:28:10,087
EXPECTING SOMETHING WONDERFUL
TO HAPPEN.
421
00:28:10,112 --> 00:28:13,416
THE LEADERS BEAT TIME AND SANG
AS THE PEOPLE DANCED,
422
00:28:13,441 --> 00:28:17,251
GOING ROUND TO THE LEFT
IN A SIDEWISE STEP.
423
00:28:21,987 --> 00:28:26,048
OCCASIONALLY, SOMEONE FELL
UNCONSCIOUS INTO THE CENTER.
424
00:28:27,164 --> 00:28:30,767
AS EACH ONE CAME TO,
SHE OR HE SLOWLY SAT UP
425
00:28:30,792 --> 00:28:34,012
AND LOOKED ABOUT, BEWILDERED,
426
00:28:34,037 --> 00:28:37,916
AND THEN BEGAN WAILING
INCONSOLABLY.
427
00:28:37,941 --> 00:28:41,048
[ DRUM BEATS AND CHANTING ]
428
00:28:44,683 --> 00:28:50,172
PINE RIDGE AGENCY.
NOVEMBER 12, 1890.
429
00:28:50,197 --> 00:28:53,111
WE NEED PROTECTION,
AND WE NEED IT NOW.
430
00:28:53,136 --> 00:28:57,931
INDIANS ARE DANCING IN THE SNOW
AND ARE WILD AND CRAZY.
431
00:28:57,956 --> 00:28:59,587
THE LEADERS SHOULD BE ARRESTED
432
00:28:59,612 --> 00:29:01,587
AND CONFINED
AT SOME MILITARY POST
433
00:29:01,612 --> 00:29:03,564
UNTIL THE MATTER IS QUIETED,
434
00:29:03,589 --> 00:29:05,369
AND THIS SHOULD BE DONE
AT ONCE --
435
00:29:06,105 --> 00:29:08,298
DANIEL F. ROYER.
436
00:29:11,136 --> 00:29:12,650
Narrator:
RESPONDING TO THE PLEAS
437
00:29:12,675 --> 00:29:14,416
OF A FRIGHTENED INDIAN AGENT,
438
00:29:14,441 --> 00:29:17,619
WASHINGTON DISPATCHED
GENERAL NELSON A. MILES
439
00:29:17,644 --> 00:29:21,720
WITH 5,000 TROOPS,
INCLUDING THE SEVENTH CAVALRY,
440
00:29:21,745 --> 00:29:23,392
CUSTER’S OLD COMMAND.
441
00:29:25,319 --> 00:29:28,478
AT PINE RIDGE AND ROSEBUD
IN SOUTH DAKOTA,
442
00:29:28,509 --> 00:29:29,740
THE GHOST DANCERS FEARED
443
00:29:29,765 --> 00:29:32,251
THAT THE SOLDIERS
HAD COME TO ATTACK THEM
444
00:29:32,276 --> 00:29:36,319
AND FLED TO A REMOTE PLATEAU
SURROUNDED BY CLIFFS
445
00:29:36,344 --> 00:29:40,439
WHICH NERVOUS WHITES SOON
BEGAN CALLING "THE STRONGHOLD."
446
00:29:43,092 --> 00:29:47,134
MEANWHILE, AT THE STANDING ROCK
RESERVATION IN NORTH DAKOTA,
447
00:29:47,159 --> 00:29:48,587
INDIAN POLICE,
448
00:29:48,612 --> 00:29:51,642
CHARGED WITH KEEPING PEACE
AMONG THEIR OWN PEOPLE,
449
00:29:51,667 --> 00:29:53,697
HEARD A RUMOR THAT SITTING BULL
450
00:29:53,722 --> 00:29:56,212
WAS ABOUT TO JOIN
THE GHOST DANCERS.
451
00:29:58,368 --> 00:30:00,337
FORTY-THREE LAKOTA POLICEMEN
452
00:30:00,362 --> 00:30:03,220
WERE DISPATCHED
TO BRING SITTING BULL IN.
453
00:30:04,367 --> 00:30:08,666
TWO TROOPS OF U.S. CAVALRY
FOLLOWED AT A DISTANCE.
454
00:30:10,791 --> 00:30:14,689
BEFORE DAWN
ON DECEMBER 15, 1890,
455
00:30:14,714 --> 00:30:17,548
THE POLICE
BURST INTO SITTING BULL’S HOUSE,
456
00:30:18,310 --> 00:30:22,158
ORDERED HIM TO HIS FEET,
AND PUSHED HIM TOWARD THE DOOR.
457
00:30:22,487 --> 00:30:26,482
OUTSIDE, SITTING BULL’S
FOLLOWERS BEGAN TO GATHER,
458
00:30:26,507 --> 00:30:28,398
TAUNTING THE LAKOTA POLICE,
459
00:30:28,423 --> 00:30:31,365
VOWING TO KEEP THEM
FROM TAKING THEIR LEADER.
460
00:30:32,365 --> 00:30:37,273
SITTING BULL HESITATED,
UNSURE OF WHAT TO DO.
461
00:30:37,298 --> 00:30:39,763
THEN, ONE OF HIS SUPPORTERS
RAISED HIS RIFLE
462
00:30:39,788 --> 00:30:42,818
AND SHOT ONE OF THE POLICEMEN.
463
00:30:42,843 --> 00:30:44,599
BOTH SIDES BEGAN FIRING.
464
00:30:45,800 --> 00:30:47,397
[ GUNSHOTS ]
465
00:30:47,422 --> 00:30:50,997
A LAKOTA POLICEMAN PUT A BULLET
THROUGH SITTING BULL’S HEAD.
466
00:30:51,022 --> 00:30:52,427
[ GUNSHOT ]
467
00:30:55,868 --> 00:31:00,134
THE LAST OF HIS GREAT VISIONS
HAD COME TO PASS --
468
00:31:00,159 --> 00:31:03,701
SITTING BULL HAD BEEN KILLED
BY HIS OWN PEOPLE.
469
00:31:20,717 --> 00:31:22,888
Black Elk:
MY GRANDFATHER’S MOTHER
470
00:31:22,913 --> 00:31:26,879
WAS ONE OF THE PEOPLE WHO WAS
FROM SITTING BULL’S CAMP.
471
00:31:26,904 --> 00:31:30,238
AND MY GRANDFATHER WOULD TELL ME
472
00:31:30,263 --> 00:31:32,794
THAT WHEN SITTING BULL
WAS KILLED,
473
00:31:32,819 --> 00:31:35,185
THEY HAD VERY FEW HORSES,
474
00:31:35,246 --> 00:31:38,208
SO THE FEW HORSES THEY HAD,
THEY PUT THE YOUNG CHILDREN ON,
475
00:31:38,233 --> 00:31:41,383
AND THEY WALKED
TO BIG FOOT’S CAMP,
476
00:31:42,325 --> 00:31:45,177
AND THAT SHE WEPT AS SHE WALKED.
477
00:31:45,863 --> 00:31:47,083
AND SHE WEPT NOT ONLY
478
00:31:47,108 --> 00:31:49,638
FOR SITTING BULL BEING KILLED
THE WAY HE WAS,
479
00:31:50,287 --> 00:31:55,055
{\an8}BUT ALSO WEPT BECAUSE SHE FEARED
480
00:31:55,080 --> 00:31:58,357
THAT SHE WOULD NOT LIVE
TO HAVE CHILDREN.
481
00:31:58,382 --> 00:32:02,162
AND IF SHE DID HAVE CHILDREN,
WOULD THEY BE LAKOTA?
482
00:32:04,087 --> 00:32:06,240
Narrator: SITTING BULL’S
GRIEVING FOLLOWERS
483
00:32:06,265 --> 00:32:08,823
FLED TOWARD
THE CHEYENNE RIVER RESERVATION
484
00:32:08,848 --> 00:32:10,779
WHERE THEY JOINED
A MINICONJOU BAND
485
00:32:10,804 --> 00:32:13,372
LED BY A CHIEF NAMED "BIG FOOT."
486
00:32:14,309 --> 00:32:17,577
HE HAD ONCE BEEN
AN ENTHUSIASTIC GHOST DANCER,
487
00:32:17,602 --> 00:32:19,365
BUT HE WAS NO LONGER CERTAIN
488
00:32:19,390 --> 00:32:22,090
THAT THE WORLD
WOULD BE TRANSFORMED.
489
00:32:23,385 --> 00:32:26,857
BIG FOOT DECIDED
TO TAKE HIS BAND INTO PINE RIDGE
490
00:32:26,882 --> 00:32:30,333
AND SEE IF THERE WASN’T SOME WAY
TO RECONCILE THINGS.
491
00:32:33,180 --> 00:32:36,771
BUT GENERAL MILES MISUNDERSTOOD
WHAT BIG FOOT WAS DOING
492
00:32:36,796 --> 00:32:40,380
AND ORDERED THE SEVENTH CAVALRY
UNDER COLONEL JOHN FORSYTH
493
00:32:40,405 --> 00:32:42,279
TO INTERCEPT HIM.
494
00:32:44,288 --> 00:32:48,271
THEY CAUGHT UP WITH BIG FOOT
THREE DAYS AFTER CHRISTMAS.
495
00:32:48,296 --> 00:32:50,419
THE CHIEF WAS RIDING IN A WAGON,
496
00:32:50,444 --> 00:32:53,357
TOO ILL WITH PNEUMONIA
EVEN TO SIT UP,
497
00:32:54,249 --> 00:32:58,982
BUT HE FLEW A WHITE FLAG
TO SHOW HIS PEACEFUL INTENTIONS.
498
00:33:03,643 --> 00:33:07,146
THE SOLDIERS TRANSFERRED
BIG FOOT TO AN ARMY AMBULANCE
499
00:33:07,171 --> 00:33:10,927
AND THEN LED HIS BAND DOWN
TO A LITTLE CREEK FOR THE NIGHT.
500
00:33:11,910 --> 00:33:14,271
IT WAS CALLED WOUNDED KNEE.
501
00:33:17,490 --> 00:33:22,052
THERE WERE 120 MEN
AND 230 WOMEN AND CHILDREN.
502
00:33:23,080 --> 00:33:25,536
THE SOLDIERS
DISTRIBUTED RATIONS.
503
00:33:26,354 --> 00:33:29,177
AN ARMY DOCTOR
DID WHAT HE COULD FOR BIG FOOT.
504
00:33:31,641 --> 00:33:34,677
BUT THE SOLDIERS
ALSO POSTED FOUR CANNON
505
00:33:34,702 --> 00:33:37,646
ON THE TOP OF A RISE
OVERLOOKING THE CAMP.
506
00:33:40,596 --> 00:33:43,505
THE FOLLOWING MORNING
THERE WAS A BUGLE CALL.
507
00:33:43,530 --> 00:33:45,701
THEN I SAW THE SOLDIERS
MOUNTING THEIR HORSES
508
00:33:45,726 --> 00:33:46,974
AND SURROUNDING US.
509
00:33:47,913 --> 00:33:50,216
IT WAS ANNOUNCED THAT ALL MEN
SHOULD COME TO THE CENTER
510
00:33:50,241 --> 00:33:52,044
FOR A TALK.
511
00:33:52,069 --> 00:33:54,638
BIG FOOT WAS BROUGHT OUT
OF HIS TENT AND SAT,
512
00:33:54,663 --> 00:33:57,130
AND THE OLDER MEN
WERE GATHERED AROUND HIM --
513
00:33:58,117 --> 00:33:59,847
DEWEY BEARD.
514
00:34:01,346 --> 00:34:02,458
Narrator: CHARLES ALLEN,
515
00:34:02,483 --> 00:34:05,013
A REPORTER
FOR A NEBRASKA NEWSPAPER,
516
00:34:05,038 --> 00:34:07,208
WATCHED FROM THE HILLTOP.
517
00:34:08,704 --> 00:34:10,044
Allen: AT THE SOUTHEAST EDGE
518
00:34:10,069 --> 00:34:11,990
OF THE GROUP
OF STANDING INDIANS,
519
00:34:12,015 --> 00:34:14,505
THERE WAS A FAIR-SIZED PLAT
OF GRASS
520
00:34:15,413 --> 00:34:18,193
WHERE, IN ALL THE EXUBERANCE
OF EARLY YOUTH,
521
00:34:18,218 --> 00:34:20,318
WERE EIGHT OR TEN INDIAN BOYS
522
00:34:20,343 --> 00:34:23,521
DRESSED IN THE GRAY
SCHOOL UNIFORMS OF THAT PERIOD.
523
00:34:24,181 --> 00:34:25,821
THE FUN THEY WERE HAVING
524
00:34:25,846 --> 00:34:30,138
AS THEY PLAYED "BUCKING HORSE,"
"LEAP FROG," AND SIMILAR GAMES,
525
00:34:30,163 --> 00:34:32,693
CARRIED THE MIND
FOR A FLEETING MOMENT
526
00:34:32,718 --> 00:34:34,802
BACK TO THE DAYS OF BOYHOOD.
527
00:34:39,450 --> 00:34:42,365
Narrator: TROOPS BEGAN MOVING
FROM TEPEE TO TEPEE,
528
00:34:42,390 --> 00:34:45,247
CONFISCATING KNIVES AND AXES
FROM THE WOMEN,
529
00:34:45,272 --> 00:34:47,294
SOMETIMES SEIZING A RIFLE.
530
00:34:49,148 --> 00:34:52,049
A MEDICINE MAN BEGAN TO DANCE.
531
00:34:52,074 --> 00:34:54,529
"DO NOT FEAR,"
HE TOLD THE WARRIORS,
532
00:34:54,554 --> 00:34:57,110
"BUT LET YOUR HEARTS BE STRONG.
533
00:34:57,135 --> 00:35:00,385
"MANY SOLDIERS ARE ABOUT US
AND HAVE MANY BULLETS,
534
00:35:00,410 --> 00:35:01,365
"BUT I AM ASSURED
535
00:35:01,390 --> 00:35:03,911
THE BULLETS
CANNOT PENETRATE US."
536
00:35:06,322 --> 00:35:09,443
Allen: SUDDENLY,
SCOOPING UP A HANDFUL OF DIRT
537
00:35:09,468 --> 00:35:11,951
HE TOSSED IT
SCATTERING IN THE AIR,
538
00:35:11,976 --> 00:35:14,083
AND WITH EYES
TURNED TOWARD HEAVEN,
539
00:35:14,108 --> 00:35:18,978
IMPLORED THE GREAT SPIRIT TO
SCATTER THE SOLDIERS LIKEWISE.
540
00:35:20,523 --> 00:35:22,302
Man: ALMOST SIMULTANEOUSLY
541
00:35:22,327 --> 00:35:26,918
WITH HIM THROWING
A HANDFUL OF DIRT INTO THE AIR,
542
00:35:26,943 --> 00:35:30,326
SOLDIERS TRIED TO DISARM
A MAN WHO WAS DEAF.
543
00:35:30,351 --> 00:35:33,436
{\an8}AND HE HUNG ON TO HIS RIFLE,
544
00:35:33,461 --> 00:35:35,224
{\an8}AND THEY KIND OF
STRUGGLED OVER IT,
545
00:35:35,249 --> 00:35:36,638
{\an8}AND IT WENT OFF.
546
00:35:36,663 --> 00:35:40,119
THESE TWO THINGS HAPPENED
AT THE SAME TIME AND -- BANG.
547
00:35:40,144 --> 00:35:42,918
I MEAN,
IT JUST BLEW EVERYTHING UP.
548
00:35:42,943 --> 00:35:46,365
[ GUNSHOTS ]
549
00:35:46,390 --> 00:35:49,149
Narrator:
THE SOLDIERS OPENED FIRE --
550
00:35:49,174 --> 00:35:50,427
WITH RIFLES...
551
00:35:50,460 --> 00:35:52,247
REVOLVERS...
552
00:35:52,573 --> 00:35:55,099
AND FINALLY, THE CANNON
553
00:35:55,124 --> 00:35:58,279
THAT HURLED EXPLODING SHELLS
INTO THE TEPEES.
554
00:35:59,555 --> 00:36:02,326
THE LAKOTAS DID THEIR BEST
TO FIGHT BACK.
555
00:36:02,351 --> 00:36:04,107
[ GUNSHOTS CONTINUE ]
556
00:36:11,795 --> 00:36:14,224
WHEN THE SHOOTING
FINALLY STOPPED,
557
00:36:14,249 --> 00:36:18,544
SOME 250 MEN, WOMEN,
AND CHILDREN WERE DEAD.
558
00:36:22,476 --> 00:36:25,372
Allen: I WALKED AROUND
VIEWING THE SAD SPECTACLE.
559
00:36:26,395 --> 00:36:28,122
ON REACHING THE CORNER
OF THE GREEN
560
00:36:28,147 --> 00:36:31,294
WHERE THE SCHOOLBOYS HAD
BEEN SO HAPPY IN THEIR SPORTS
561
00:36:31,319 --> 00:36:33,483
BUT A SHORT TIME BEFORE,
562
00:36:33,508 --> 00:36:36,694
THERE WAS SPREAD BEFORE ME
THE SADDEST PICTURE I HAD SEEN
563
00:36:36,719 --> 00:36:38,889
OR WAS TO SEE THEREAFTER,
564
00:36:39,952 --> 00:36:42,802
FOR ON THAT SPOT
OF THEIR PLAYFUL CHOICE
565
00:36:42,827 --> 00:36:45,271
WERE SCATTERED
THE PROSTRATE BODIES
566
00:36:45,296 --> 00:36:49,626
OF ALL THOSE FINE, LITTLE
INDIAN BOYS, COLD IN DEATH.
567
00:36:51,245 --> 00:36:55,193
THE GUNFIRE HAD BLAZED ACROSS
THEIR PLAYGROUND
568
00:36:55,218 --> 00:36:58,206
IN A WAY
THAT PERMITTED NO ESCAPE.
569
00:36:58,231 --> 00:37:01,661
THEY MUST HAVE FALLEN
LIKE GRASS BEFORE THE SICKLE.
570
00:37:06,329 --> 00:37:10,068
Narrator:
DEAD, TOO, WERE 25 SOLDIERS.
571
00:37:11,396 --> 00:37:15,099
WOUNDED LAKOTAS
AND WOUNDED SOLDIERS ALIKE
572
00:37:15,124 --> 00:37:17,943
WERE TAKEN TO
THE HOLY CROSS EPISCOPAL CHURCH
573
00:37:17,968 --> 00:37:19,826
AT PINE RIDGE.
574
00:37:24,276 --> 00:37:28,505
ITS WALLS WERE STILL HUNG
WITH CHRISTMAS DECORATIONS.
575
00:37:31,763 --> 00:37:34,583
Woman: PEWS WERE TORN
FROM THEIR FASTENINGS
576
00:37:34,942 --> 00:37:38,732
AND ARMFULS OF HAY
FETCHED BY INDIAN HELPERS.
577
00:37:40,872 --> 00:37:41,911
UPON A LAYER OF THIS,
578
00:37:41,936 --> 00:37:44,958
WE SPREAD QUILTS AND BLANKETS
TAKEN FROM OUR OWN BEDS.
579
00:37:46,615 --> 00:37:50,388
THE VICTIMS WERE LIFTED
AS GENTLY AS POSSIBLE
580
00:37:50,413 --> 00:37:53,318
AND LAID IN TWO LONG ROWS
ON THE FLOOR --
581
00:37:55,962 --> 00:38:00,033
A PATHETIC ARRAY OF YOUNG GIRLS
AND WOMEN AND BABES IN ARMS,
582
00:38:00,058 --> 00:38:04,849
LITTLE CHILDREN, AND A FEW MEN,
ALL PIERCED WITH BULLETS.
583
00:38:09,353 --> 00:38:10,513
Second Woman: A YOUNG GIRL,
584
00:38:10,538 --> 00:38:14,387
WHO HAD A GHOST SHIRT ON
UNDERNEATH HER CLOTHES, SAID,
585
00:38:14,412 --> 00:38:16,310
"THEY TOLD ME IF I PUT THIS ON
586
00:38:16,335 --> 00:38:18,107
"THE BULLETS
WOULD NOT GO THROUGH,
587
00:38:18,132 --> 00:38:19,752
"AND I BELIEVED THEM.
588
00:38:21,800 --> 00:38:24,240
NOW SEE WHERE WE ARE."
589
00:38:32,655 --> 00:38:33,826
Narrator: FOR SEVERAL DAYS,
590
00:38:33,851 --> 00:38:37,154
THE DEAD LAKOTAS
WERE LEFT WHERE THEY HAD FALLEN,
591
00:38:37,179 --> 00:38:39,990
WHILE THE ARMY CONTENDED
WITH SPORADIC FIGHTING
592
00:38:40,015 --> 00:38:42,068
THAT BROKE OUT
ON THE RESERVATION.
593
00:38:44,598 --> 00:38:47,557
FINALLY, AFTER A HEAVY SNOWFALL,
594
00:38:47,582 --> 00:38:50,919
A BURIAL PARTY
ARRIVED AT WOUNDED KNEE,
595
00:38:50,944 --> 00:38:54,857
DUG A PIT, AND DUMPED IN
THE FROZEN BODIES.
596
00:39:05,417 --> 00:39:08,872
Momaday: IN THE SHINE
OF PHOTOGRAPHS ARE THE SLAIN,
597
00:39:08,897 --> 00:39:13,966
FROZEN AND BLACK
ON A SIMPLE FIELD OF SNOW.
598
00:39:13,991 --> 00:39:15,591
THEY IMAGE CEREMONY.
599
00:39:16,857 --> 00:39:23,327
WOMEN AND CHILDREN DANCING,
OLD MEN PRANCING, MAKING FUN.
600
00:39:24,523 --> 00:39:26,629
IN AUTUMN, THERE WERE SONGS,
601
00:39:26,654 --> 00:39:29,371
LONG SINCE MUTED
IN THE BLIZZARD.
602
00:39:30,318 --> 00:39:35,957
IN SUMMER, THE WILD BUCKWHEAT
SHONE LIKE FOXFUR AND QUILLWORK.
603
00:39:35,982 --> 00:39:38,802
AND DUST GUTTERED ON THE CREEK.
604
00:39:40,980 --> 00:39:44,380
NOW IN SERENE ATTITUDES
OF DANCE,
605
00:39:44,917 --> 00:39:50,833
THE DEAD IN GLOSSY DEATH
ARE DRAWN IN ANCIENT LIGHT.
606
00:39:54,713 --> 00:39:58,126
Narrator: ON JANUARY 15, 1891,
607
00:39:58,151 --> 00:40:00,708
THE 4,000 REMAINING
GHOST DANCERS
608
00:40:00,733 --> 00:40:03,755
FINALLY SURRENDERED
TO GENERAL MILES.
609
00:40:04,791 --> 00:40:09,490
ARMED INDIAN RESISTANCE
IN THE WEST HAD ENDED.
610
00:40:10,691 --> 00:40:13,896
[ DRUM BEATS ]
611
00:40:29,774 --> 00:40:32,372
Man: WOUNDED KNEE
HAPPENED YESTERDAY.
612
00:40:32,397 --> 00:40:37,228
FOR LAKOTA PEOPLE,
WOUNDED KNEE IS TODAY.
613
00:40:37,253 --> 00:40:41,177
WOUNDED KNEE REPRESENTS
ALL THE FRUSTRATIONS
614
00:40:41,202 --> 00:40:44,560
OF THOSE YEARS AND YEARS
AND YEARS ON THE RESERVATION.
615
00:40:44,585 --> 00:40:47,035
EVEN THOUGH IT HAPPENED IN 1890,
616
00:40:47,060 --> 00:40:50,403
IT’S FRESH
IN LAKOTA PEOPLE’S MINDS
617
00:40:50,428 --> 00:40:52,519
AND IN THEIR HEARTS.
618
00:40:52,544 --> 00:40:55,711
{\an8}THAT TRAGEDY, THAT DESTRUCTION,
619
00:40:55,736 --> 00:40:57,808
{\an8}THAT DEVASTATING THING
THAT HAPPENED TO THEM,
620
00:40:57,833 --> 00:40:59,707
IT EXISTS TODAY.
621
00:40:59,732 --> 00:41:01,753
IT EXISTS IN OUR HEARTS
AND OUR MINDS --
622
00:41:01,778 --> 00:41:03,363
THE WAY WE THINK
WHEN WE SEE ABOUT,
623
00:41:03,388 --> 00:41:05,972
WHEN WE TALK ABOUT
INDIAN/WHITE RELATIONS --
624
00:41:05,997 --> 00:41:08,154
THAT’S THE FIRST THING
THAT COMES TO MIND.
625
00:41:08,179 --> 00:41:10,349
WE’LL NEVER FORGET WOUNDED KNEE.
626
00:41:27,062 --> 00:41:28,097
I KNOW A LAND
627
00:41:28,122 --> 00:41:32,462
WHERE THE GRAY HILLS LIE
ETERNALLY STILL UNDER THE SKY,
628
00:41:33,655 --> 00:41:36,589
WHERE ALL THE MIGHT
OF SUNS AND MOONS
629
00:41:36,614 --> 00:41:39,527
THAT PASS IN THE QUIET
OF NIGHTS AND NOONS
630
00:41:39,552 --> 00:41:43,410
LEAVE NEVER A SIGN
OF THE FLIGHT OF TIME
631
00:41:43,435 --> 00:41:47,003
ON THE LONG,
SUBLIME HORIZON LINE --
632
00:41:48,143 --> 00:41:50,313
ETHEL WAXHAM.
633
00:41:55,079 --> 00:41:57,667
Narrator: ON OCTOBER 20, 1905,
634
00:41:57,692 --> 00:42:01,128
THE RAWLINS-TO-LANDER STAGECOACH
RATTLED NORTH
635
00:42:01,153 --> 00:42:04,371
TOWARD THE SWEETWATER RIVER
IN CENTRAL WYOMING.
636
00:42:06,045 --> 00:42:08,904
ON BOARD
WAS AN UNUSUAL PASSENGER,
637
00:42:08,929 --> 00:42:12,089
A 23-YEAR-OLD
NAMED ETHEL WAXHAM.
638
00:42:12,972 --> 00:42:17,190
SHE WAS A CITY GIRL FROM DENVER,
A GRADUATE OF WELLESLEY COLLEGE
639
00:42:17,215 --> 00:42:19,972
WHO HAD SPENT A SUMMER
DOING VOLUNTEER WORK
640
00:42:19,997 --> 00:42:21,949
IN THE SLUMS OF NEW YORK.
641
00:42:23,396 --> 00:42:27,289
SCHOOLED IN FOUR LANGUAGES,
SHE DABBLED IN POETRY,
642
00:42:27,314 --> 00:42:30,300
ENJOYED STAGING
AMATEUR THEATRICALS,
643
00:42:30,325 --> 00:42:33,503
AND WAS VORACIOUSLY CURIOUS
ABOUT THE WORLD.
644
00:42:35,754 --> 00:42:37,367
JUST A FEW WEEKS EARLIER,
645
00:42:37,392 --> 00:42:40,425
SHE HAD BEEN OFFERED
HER FIRST FULL-TIME JOB
646
00:42:40,450 --> 00:42:43,714
AS A TEACHER IN A REMOTE
ONE-ROOM SCHOOL
647
00:42:43,739 --> 00:42:46,206
IN THE CENTER OF WYOMING.
648
00:42:47,340 --> 00:42:50,777
Man: MY MOTHER, WHO WAS
ALWAYS GREAT FOR ADVENTURE,
649
00:42:50,802 --> 00:42:53,492
DECIDED THAT SHE WOULD
TAKE THE JOB.
650
00:42:54,626 --> 00:42:57,417
OF COURSE, THE ADVENTURE STARTED
651
00:42:57,794 --> 00:42:59,913
{\an8}WHEN THE MILLS FAMILY,
652
00:42:59,938 --> 00:43:01,152
{\an8}WITH WHOM SHE WOULD LIVE
653
00:43:01,177 --> 00:43:04,574
AND WHOSE THREE CHILDREN
SHE WOULD TEACH,
654
00:43:04,599 --> 00:43:08,892
AND WROTE HER AND TOLD HER
WHAT THINGS TO BRING
655
00:43:08,917 --> 00:43:12,191
AND WHAT KIND OF CLOTHING
AND WHAT TO EXPECT.
656
00:43:13,864 --> 00:43:19,347
BUT THERE WAS NO MENTION
OF HOW BEAUTIFUL THE RANCH WAS,
657
00:43:19,372 --> 00:43:23,175
AND WHAT THE SCENERY WAS LIKE,
AND WHAT THE PEOPLE WERE LIKE.
658
00:43:23,200 --> 00:43:25,033
SO, ALL THOSE THINGS
659
00:43:25,058 --> 00:43:29,398
WERE A SURPRISE
AND A REVELATION TO HER.
660
00:43:30,101 --> 00:43:32,738
Narrator: SHE MOVED
INTO THE RED BLUFF RANCH
661
00:43:32,763 --> 00:43:35,019
AND STARTED RECORDING
HER OBSERVATIONS
662
00:43:35,044 --> 00:43:38,854
OF THE REMARKABLE NEW LIFE
SHE HAD BEGUN TO LEAD.
663
00:43:42,081 --> 00:43:45,558
Waxham: AT LAST, WE SAW THE
LITTLE SCHOOL HOUSE OF LOGS --
664
00:43:45,583 --> 00:43:48,519
14’ BY 16’,
WITH A GOOD SOD ROOF.
665
00:43:50,058 --> 00:43:51,925
THE WHOLE WAS PUT UP,
I BELIEVE,
666
00:43:51,950 --> 00:43:56,177
AT AN ORIGINAL
EXPENDITURE OF $75.
667
00:43:56,202 --> 00:43:59,261
THE DOOR HAS HAD
SOME PASSERBY’S SIX-SHOOTER
668
00:43:59,286 --> 00:44:00,926
EMPTIED INTO IT.
669
00:44:03,070 --> 00:44:08,636
Narrator: SHE BEGAN TEACHING --
7 STUDENTS IN ALL, AGES 8 TO 16.
670
00:44:09,722 --> 00:44:12,373
Waxham: THE FIRST 15 MINUTES
OR HALF-HOUR
671
00:44:12,398 --> 00:44:14,816
ARE GIVEN TO READING
"UNCLE TOM’S CABIN"
672
00:44:14,841 --> 00:44:15,972
OR "KIDNAPPED,"
673
00:44:15,997 --> 00:44:19,613
WHILE WE ALL SIT
ABOUT THE STOVE TO KEEP WARM.
674
00:44:19,638 --> 00:44:21,535
USUALLY,
IN THE MIDDLE OF THE READING,
675
00:44:21,560 --> 00:44:24,466
THE SOUND OF A HORSE
GALLOPING DOWN THE FROZEN ROAD
676
00:44:24,491 --> 00:44:27,198
DISTRACTS THE ATTENTION
OF THE BOYS,
677
00:44:27,223 --> 00:44:29,558
UNTIL A FEW MOMENTS LATER,
678
00:44:29,583 --> 00:44:33,148
6-FOOT GEORGE SCHLICHTING
OPENS THE DOOR,
679
00:44:33,173 --> 00:44:34,982
A SACK OF OATS IN ONE HAND,
680
00:44:35,007 --> 00:44:38,121
HIS LUNCH TIED UP
IN A DISHRAG IN THE OTHER.
681
00:44:38,146 --> 00:44:40,331
COLD FROM HIS 5-MILE RIDE,
682
00:44:40,356 --> 00:44:43,105
HE SITS DOWN ON THE FLOOR
BY THE STOVE,
683
00:44:43,130 --> 00:44:46,996
UNBUCKLES HIS SPURS,
PULLS OFF HIS LEATHER CHAPS,
684
00:44:47,021 --> 00:44:51,113
UNWINDS THREE RED HANDKERCHIEFS
FROM ABOUT HIS NECK AND EARS,
685
00:44:51,138 --> 00:44:54,816
TAKES OFF ONE OR TWO COATS,
ACCORDING TO THE TEMPERATURE,
686
00:44:54,841 --> 00:44:57,300
AND STRAIGHTENING
HIS LEATHER CUFFS,
687
00:44:57,325 --> 00:44:59,055
IS READY FOR BUSINESS.
688
00:45:02,160 --> 00:45:05,621
Narrator: VISITORS TO THE RANCH
WHERE ETHEL LIVED WERE FEW --
689
00:45:05,646 --> 00:45:08,399
SOMETIMES NO ONE FOR DAYS.
690
00:45:08,424 --> 00:45:11,996
BUT AMONG THOSE WHO CAME BY
WITH INCREASING REGULARITY,
691
00:45:12,021 --> 00:45:14,753
DESPITE
A DIFFICULT 11-HOUR RIDE,
692
00:45:14,778 --> 00:45:18,558
WAS A RUGGED SHEEP RANCHER
NAMED JOHN GALLOWAY LOVE.
693
00:45:20,304 --> 00:45:24,738
Waxham: MR. LOVE IS
A SCOTCHMAN ABOUT 35 YEARS OLD.
694
00:45:24,763 --> 00:45:26,187
HIS FACE WAS KINDLY,
695
00:45:26,212 --> 00:45:29,113
WITH SHREWD, BLUE,
TWINKLING EYES.
696
00:45:29,919 --> 00:45:33,691
BUT HIS VOICE WAS MOST
PECULIAR AND CHARACTERISTIC.
697
00:45:34,332 --> 00:45:37,032
CLOSE ANALYSIS FAILS
TO FIND THE CHARM OF IT --
698
00:45:37,525 --> 00:45:40,775
A LITTLE SCOTCH DIALECT,
A LITTLE SLOW DRAWL,
699
00:45:40,800 --> 00:45:43,061
A LITTLE NASAL QUALITY,
700
00:45:43,086 --> 00:45:46,336
AND A TONE AS IF HE WERE
SPEAKING OUT OF DOORS.
701
00:45:47,087 --> 00:45:49,081
HE IS FULL
OF QUAINT TURNS OF SPEECH
702
00:45:49,106 --> 00:45:51,113
AND UNUSUAL EXPRESSIONS.
703
00:45:51,138 --> 00:45:53,652
FOR HE IS NOT A COMMON
SHEEPHERDER, IT IS SAID,
704
00:45:53,677 --> 00:45:57,089
BUT A SHEEP BARON,
OR "MUTTON-AIRE."
705
00:45:58,601 --> 00:46:00,746
Love: MY FATHER WAS UNMARRIED,
706
00:46:00,771 --> 00:46:04,249
AND HE WAS BEGINNING
TO MAKE A LITTLE MONEY,
707
00:46:04,274 --> 00:46:06,417
AND HE WANTED A WIFE.
708
00:46:06,442 --> 00:46:11,478
AND HERE WAS
THIS BEAUTIFUL SCHOOLMARM,
709
00:46:11,503 --> 00:46:16,261
AND SO OF COURSE
HE FELL IN LOVE WITH HER,
710
00:46:16,286 --> 00:46:20,626
BUT SHE DID NOT
FALL IN LOVE WITH HIM.
711
00:46:21,369 --> 00:46:26,386
NO BELLS AND WHISTLES RANG,
BUT SHE WAS INTRIGUED.
712
00:46:28,034 --> 00:46:30,371
Narrator: JOHN LOVE WAS BORN
IN WISCONSIN
713
00:46:30,396 --> 00:46:32,026
TO SCOTTISH PARENTS.
714
00:46:32,587 --> 00:46:36,699
HE WAS BRIGHT AND RESOURCEFUL,
BUT HIGH-SPIRITED,
715
00:46:36,724 --> 00:46:38,300
AND GOT HIMSELF EXPELLED
716
00:46:38,325 --> 00:46:41,863
FROM THE UNIVERSITY
OF NEBRASKA IN 1891.
717
00:46:42,886 --> 00:46:45,808
THEN, HE HAD INVESTED
WHAT LITTLE MONEY HE HAD
718
00:46:45,833 --> 00:46:49,933
IN TWO HORSES AND A BUGGY,
AND HEADED FOR WYOMING.
719
00:46:49,958 --> 00:46:53,621
WHEN HIS HORSES DIED
AFTER DRINKING POISONED WATER,
720
00:46:53,646 --> 00:46:55,339
LOVE ABANDONED HIS BELONGINGS
721
00:46:55,364 --> 00:46:58,027
AND WENT THE LAST 100 MILES
ON FOOT.
722
00:47:00,238 --> 00:47:04,535
SINCE THEN, HE HAD SPENT
SEVEN YEARS ON THE RANGE
723
00:47:04,560 --> 00:47:08,644
HERDING OTHER PEOPLE’S SHEEP,
CARING FOR THEIR CATTLE,
724
00:47:08,669 --> 00:47:12,339
SAVING UP ENOUGH MONEY TO START
A SHEEP RANCH OF HIS OWN
725
00:47:12,364 --> 00:47:16,222
ON A TREELESS STRETCH OF LAND
ALONG MUSKRAT CREEK.
726
00:47:20,088 --> 00:47:21,831
Love:
I HAVE ASKED HIM MANY TIMES
727
00:47:21,856 --> 00:47:26,560
WHY THAT GODFORSAKEN COUNTRY
WOULD BE HIS HOME.
728
00:47:26,585 --> 00:47:29,699
HE KNEW ABOUT
THE RED BLUFF RANCH
729
00:47:29,724 --> 00:47:33,652
AND OTHER PLACES
ALONG THE WIND RIVER FRONT.
730
00:47:34,773 --> 00:47:39,160
BUT HE CHOSE THAT BECAUSE,
AS HE SAID SIMPLY,
731
00:47:39,185 --> 00:47:41,691
HE NEEDED A LOT OF ROOM.
732
00:47:41,716 --> 00:47:44,436
HE WANTED HIS OUTFIT TO GROW.
733
00:47:45,796 --> 00:47:48,136
Narrator:
ETHEL WAXHAM ENJOYED LOVE’S WIT
734
00:47:48,161 --> 00:47:52,607
AND HIS STORIES ABOUT RANCHING,
BUT WHEN HE PROPOSED MARRIAGE,
735
00:47:52,632 --> 00:47:55,660
SHE TURNED HIM DOWN
AND WENT ON WITH HER WORK.
736
00:47:56,492 --> 00:47:59,581
WHEN THE SCHOOL YEAR ENDED,
ETHEL LEFT WYOMING
737
00:47:59,606 --> 00:48:01,964
AND ENTERED
THE UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO
738
00:48:01,989 --> 00:48:05,933
AND BEGAN TO WORK TOWARD
A MASTER’S DEGREE IN LITERATURE.
739
00:48:05,958 --> 00:48:08,678
THEN, LETTERS BEGAN TO ARRIVE.
740
00:48:11,770 --> 00:48:15,667
MUSKRAT, WYOMING.
SEPTEMBER 12, 1906.
741
00:48:16,630 --> 00:48:18,365
DEAR MISS WAXHAM,
742
00:48:18,390 --> 00:48:21,378
OF COURSE IT WILL CAUSE MANY
A SHARP TWINGE AND HEARTACHE
743
00:48:21,403 --> 00:48:24,058
TO HAVE TO TAKE "NO"
FOR AN ANSWER,
744
00:48:24,083 --> 00:48:26,839
BUT I WILL NEVER BLAME YOU
FOR IT IN THE LEAST,
745
00:48:26,864 --> 00:48:29,347
AND I WILL NEVER BE SORRY
THAT I MET YOU.
746
00:48:30,201 --> 00:48:32,449
I WILL BE BETTER
FOR HAVING KNOWN YOU.
747
00:48:35,341 --> 00:48:38,933
I KNOW THE FOLLY OF HOPING
THAT YOUR "NO" IS NOT FINAL,
748
00:48:39,859 --> 00:48:41,785
BUT IN SPITE
OF THAT KNOWLEDGE,
749
00:48:41,810 --> 00:48:44,545
I KNOW THAT I WILL HOPE
750
00:48:44,570 --> 00:48:48,019
UNTIL THE DAY
THAT YOU ARE MARRIED.
751
00:48:48,044 --> 00:48:52,191
ONLY THEN I WILL KNOW THAT
THE SENTENCE IS IRREVOCABLE.
752
00:48:53,772 --> 00:48:57,269
YOURS SINCERELY,
JOHN G. LOVE.
753
00:49:00,566 --> 00:49:03,980
NOVEMBER 12, 1906.
754
00:49:04,706 --> 00:49:06,253
DEAR MISS WAXHAM,
755
00:49:06,278 --> 00:49:08,277
I KNOW THAT YOU HAVE NOT
BEEN BROUGHT UP
756
00:49:08,302 --> 00:49:10,527
TO COOK AND LABOR.
757
00:49:10,552 --> 00:49:13,277
I HAVE NEVER BEEN
ON THE LOOKOUT FOR A SLAVE
758
00:49:13,302 --> 00:49:15,550
AND WOULD NOT UTTER
A WORD OF CENSURE
759
00:49:15,575 --> 00:49:17,735
IF YOU NEVER LEARNED,
760
00:49:18,411 --> 00:49:21,042
OR IF YOU GOT AMBITIOUS
AND MADE A BATCH OF BISCUITS
761
00:49:21,067 --> 00:49:23,550
THAT PROVED FATAL
TO MY FAVORITE DOG.
762
00:49:24,473 --> 00:49:27,574
I WILL DO MY LEVEL BEST
TO WIN YOU, AND IF I FAIL,
763
00:49:27,599 --> 00:49:32,253
I WILL STILL WANT
YOUR FRIENDSHIP JUST THE SAME.
764
00:49:33,253 --> 00:49:36,042
YOURS SINCERELY,
JOHN G. LOVE.
765
00:49:39,168 --> 00:49:42,074
FEBRUARY 15, 1907.
766
00:49:43,083 --> 00:49:45,253
DEAR MR. LOVE,
767
00:49:45,278 --> 00:49:47,331
I AM FORTUNATE IN HAVING
TWO LETTERS FROM YOU
768
00:49:47,356 --> 00:49:48,566
TO ANSWER IN ONE.
769
00:49:49,875 --> 00:49:53,003
THE DAYS HAVE BEEN
COMPARATIVELY DULL.
770
00:49:53,028 --> 00:49:55,097
I AM TOO BUSY FOR DANCES HERE,
771
00:49:55,122 --> 00:49:57,842
IF I CARE TO GO,
WHICH I DO NOT.
772
00:49:58,570 --> 00:50:00,386
THE SEVEN MONTHS
I SPENT AT THE RANCH,
773
00:50:00,411 --> 00:50:03,671
I WOULD NOT EXCHANGE FOR ANY
OTHER SEVEN MONTHS IN MY LIFE.
774
00:50:04,843 --> 00:50:06,683
THEY SEEM SHORTER
THAN SEVEN WEEKS,
775
00:50:06,708 --> 00:50:08,769
EVEN SEVEN DAYS, HERE.
776
00:50:09,704 --> 00:50:12,941
SINCERELY YOURS,
ETHEL WAXHAM.
777
00:50:14,895 --> 00:50:16,729
DEAR MISS WAXHAM,
778
00:50:16,754 --> 00:50:17,933
I, FOR ONE, AM GLAD
779
00:50:17,958 --> 00:50:21,753
THAT YOUR CURIOSITY LED YOU
TO DRIFT UP HERE TO WYOMING,
780
00:50:21,778 --> 00:50:23,706
AND NOW MY SUPREME DESIRE
IN LIFE
781
00:50:23,731 --> 00:50:26,042
IS TO PERSUADE YOU
TO COME BACK.
782
00:50:27,372 --> 00:50:29,292
WITH LOVE AND KISSES,
783
00:50:29,317 --> 00:50:32,753
EVER YOURS,
JOHN G. LOVE.
784
00:50:34,900 --> 00:50:36,613
DEAR MR. LOVE,
785
00:50:37,300 --> 00:50:40,496
SINCE YOU BEGAN
TO SIGN YOUR NAME AS YOU DO,
786
00:50:40,521 --> 00:50:42,706
YOU MUST HAVE KNOWN
THAT I WOULD NOT LIKE IT
787
00:50:42,731 --> 00:50:46,593
AND WOULD NOT CONTINUE
SINCE WE ARE ONLY FRIENDS.
788
00:50:46,618 --> 00:50:49,238
I WROTE YOU NOT TO EXPECT
ANY MORE LETTERS FROM ME
789
00:50:49,263 --> 00:50:50,714
UNLESS YOU STOPPED IT --
790
00:50:51,475 --> 00:50:53,660
ETHEL P. WAXHAM.
791
00:50:56,062 --> 00:50:57,997
DEAR MISS WAXHAM,
792
00:50:58,022 --> 00:51:02,206
I WILL ALWAYS SIGN ALL LETTERS
PROPERLY IN THE FUTURE.
793
00:51:02,231 --> 00:51:04,917
PLEASE FORGIVE MY ERRORS
OF THE PAST.
794
00:51:04,942 --> 00:51:08,511
I SUPPOSE THAT I OUGHT TO BE
SATISFIED WITH YOUR FRIENDSHIP,
795
00:51:08,876 --> 00:51:11,082
BUT I WON’T BE.
796
00:51:11,107 --> 00:51:13,827
YOURS SINCERELY,
JOHN G. LOVE.
797
00:51:15,593 --> 00:51:19,480
Narrator: IN 1907, ETHEL
RECEIVED HER MASTER’S DEGREE,
798
00:51:19,505 --> 00:51:22,652
TOOK A JOB TEACHING
IN WISCONSIN FOR A YEAR,
799
00:51:22,677 --> 00:51:26,472
THEN CAME BACK AND SPENT
ANOTHER YEAR IN COLORADO.
800
00:51:27,808 --> 00:51:32,175
EVERYWHERE SHE WENT,
JOHN LOVE’S LETTERS PURSUED HER.
801
00:51:34,874 --> 00:51:38,513
DEAR MR. LOVE,
THERE ARE REASONS GALORE
802
00:51:38,538 --> 00:51:40,886
WHY I SHOULD NOT WRITE
SO OFTEN.
803
00:51:40,911 --> 00:51:42,551
I’M A BEAST TO WRITE AT ALL.
804
00:51:43,533 --> 00:51:46,613
IT MAKES YOU -- MAYBE --
THINK THAT "NO" IS NOT "NO,"
805
00:51:46,638 --> 00:51:50,019
BUT "PERHAPS," OR "YES,"
OR ANYTHING ELSE.
806
00:51:51,224 --> 00:51:54,027
GOOD WISHES
FOR YOUR BUSY SEASON FROM E.W.
807
00:51:54,818 --> 00:51:57,053
P.S.
808
00:51:57,078 --> 00:51:59,400
I LIKE YOU VERY MUCH.
809
00:52:04,179 --> 00:52:07,691
Narrator: FOR YEARS,
JOHN LOVE SLEPT OUTDOORS,
810
00:52:07,716 --> 00:52:10,230
FIGHTING AGAINST THE TERRAIN
AND CLIMATE
811
00:52:10,255 --> 00:52:14,595
TO KEEP HIS HERDS ALIVE,
STRUGGLING TO BUILD HIS RANCH.
812
00:52:16,930 --> 00:52:19,871
HE SCOURED THE COUNTRYSIDE
FOR ABANDONED BUILDINGS
813
00:52:19,896 --> 00:52:23,316
AND HAULED THEM OVER ROUGH ROADS
TO MUSKRAT CREEK.
814
00:52:24,010 --> 00:52:27,988
A SALOON AND AN OLD HOTEL
BECAME BUNKHOUSES, SHEDS,
815
00:52:28,013 --> 00:52:29,847
AND A BLACKSMITH SHOP.
816
00:52:30,442 --> 00:52:32,581
HE HAULED THE LOGS
FOR THE MAIN HOUSE
817
00:52:32,606 --> 00:52:36,128
FROM THE WIND RIVER MOUNTAINS
A HUNDRED MILES AWAY.
818
00:52:36,962 --> 00:52:39,662
EACH TRIP TOOK HIM TWO WEEKS.
819
00:52:41,434 --> 00:52:44,654
OCTOBER 25, 1909.
820
00:52:44,679 --> 00:52:46,299
DEAR MISS WAXHAM,
821
00:52:46,791 --> 00:52:49,363
THERE IS NO USE IN MY
FIXING UP THE HOUSE ANYMORE,
822
00:52:49,388 --> 00:52:50,813
PAPERING, ET CETERA,
823
00:52:50,838 --> 00:52:53,298
UNTIL I KNOW
HOW IT SHOULD BE DONE,
824
00:52:53,323 --> 00:52:55,235
AND I WON’T KNOW THAT
UNTIL YOU SEE IT
825
00:52:55,260 --> 00:52:57,430
AND SAY
HOW IT OUGHT TO BE FIXED.
826
00:52:58,221 --> 00:53:00,868
IF YOU NEVER SEE IT,
I DON’T WANT IT FIXED,
827
00:53:00,893 --> 00:53:01,983
FOR I WON’T LIVE HERE.
828
00:53:02,892 --> 00:53:04,766
WE COULD LIVE VERY COMFORTABLY
IN THE WAGON
829
00:53:04,791 --> 00:53:07,694
WHILE OUR HOUSE
WAS BEING FIXED UP TO SUIT YOU
830
00:53:07,719 --> 00:53:10,169
IF YOU WOULD ONLY SAY YES.
831
00:53:12,160 --> 00:53:13,610
DEAR MR. LOVE,
832
00:53:14,337 --> 00:53:17,048
SUPPOSE THAT YOU LOST
EVERYTHING THAT YOU HAVE
833
00:53:17,073 --> 00:53:18,703
AND A LITTLE MORE,
834
00:53:19,417 --> 00:53:22,477
AND SUPPOSE THAT FOR
THE BEST REASON IN THE WORLD,
835
00:53:22,502 --> 00:53:25,681
I WANTED YOU
TO ASK ME TO SAY "YES."
836
00:53:25,706 --> 00:53:28,806
WHAT WOULD YOU DO?
E.
837
00:53:30,460 --> 00:53:32,100
DEAR MISS WAXHAM,
838
00:53:33,069 --> 00:53:35,208
IF I WERE WITH YOU,
839
00:53:35,233 --> 00:53:38,839
I WOULD THROW MY ARMS
AROUND YOU AND KISS YOU
840
00:53:38,864 --> 00:53:40,761
AND WAIT EAGERLY FOR THE KISS
841
00:53:40,786 --> 00:53:44,464
THAT I HAVE WAITED
OVER FOUR YEARS FOR.
842
00:53:45,263 --> 00:53:47,706
YOURS SINCERELY,
JOHN G. LOVE.
843
00:53:51,189 --> 00:53:54,417
Narrator: FINALLY,
IN THE SPRING OF 1910,
844
00:53:54,442 --> 00:53:58,402
ETHEL WAXHAM AGREED
TO BE JOHN LOVE’S WIFE.
845
00:54:00,336 --> 00:54:02,572
Love: WHEN MY FATHER WAS SURE
846
00:54:02,597 --> 00:54:05,636
THAT MY MOTHER
WAS GOING TO MARRY HIM,
847
00:54:05,661 --> 00:54:11,077
HE HAD A SHEEP WAGON BUILT
ESPECIALLY TO HIS ORDER.
848
00:54:11,102 --> 00:54:14,722
AND THAT WAS TO BE
THE HONEYMOON SHEEP WAGON.
849
00:54:16,073 --> 00:54:20,043
THEY WERE MARRIED
ON JUNE 20 IN 1910.
850
00:54:20,068 --> 00:54:24,175
AND IT WAS PRETTY HOT, SO THEY
STARTED OUT FOR THE MOUNTAINS,
851
00:54:24,200 --> 00:54:26,347
AND FROM THEN ON,
852
00:54:26,372 --> 00:54:29,816
THERE IS A BLANK
IN OUR KNOWLEDGE.
853
00:54:31,309 --> 00:54:36,618
MOTHER RARELY DISCUSSED IT,
EXCEPT IN TIMES OF CRISIS,
854
00:54:36,643 --> 00:54:39,495
AND MY FATHER
NEVER DISCUSSED IT.
855
00:54:40,971 --> 00:54:43,886
BUT APPARENTLY IT RAINED
A GREAT DEAL.
856
00:54:43,911 --> 00:54:48,636
THE HORSES GOT AWAY,
THEY WERE MAROONED,
857
00:54:48,661 --> 00:54:51,581
AND THEY NEVER
GOT TO THE MOUNTAINS.
858
00:54:53,315 --> 00:54:54,831
Narrator: IT WAS THE FIRST TEST
859
00:54:54,856 --> 00:54:57,933
JOHN AND ETHEL LOVE
WOULD FACE TOGETHER.
860
00:54:57,958 --> 00:55:00,658
BUT IT WOULD NOT BE THE LAST.
861
00:55:09,484 --> 00:55:13,298
GENTLEMEN, WHY IN HEAVEN’S NAME
THIS HASTE?
862
00:55:13,323 --> 00:55:15,238
YOU HAVE TIME ENOUGH.
863
00:55:16,675 --> 00:55:19,400
WHY SACRIFICE THE PRESENT
TO THE FUTURE,
864
00:55:19,425 --> 00:55:21,113
FANCYING
THAT YOU WILL BE HAPPIER
865
00:55:21,138 --> 00:55:22,644
WHEN YOUR FIELDS
TEEM WITH WEALTH
866
00:55:22,669 --> 00:55:25,019
AND YOUR CITIES WITH PEOPLE?
867
00:55:26,807 --> 00:55:27,949
IN EUROPE,
868
00:55:27,974 --> 00:55:32,542
WE HAVE CITIES WEALTHIER
AND MORE POPULOUS THAN YOURS,
869
00:55:32,567 --> 00:55:35,019
AND WE ARE NOT HAPPY.
870
00:55:36,678 --> 00:55:39,316
YOU DREAM OF YOUR POSTERITY.
871
00:55:39,341 --> 00:55:44,267
BUT YOUR POSTERITY WILL LOOK
BACK TO YOURS AS THE GOLDEN AGE
872
00:55:44,292 --> 00:55:45,550
AND ENVY THOSE
873
00:55:45,575 --> 00:55:49,441
WHO FIRST BURST INTO
THIS SILENT, SPLENDID NATURE,
874
00:55:51,469 --> 00:55:55,128
WHO FIRST LIFTED UP THEIR AXES
UPON THESE TALL TREES
875
00:55:55,153 --> 00:55:58,386
AND LINED THESE WATERS
WITH BUSY WHARVES.
876
00:55:59,848 --> 00:56:03,784
WHY, THEN, SEEK TO COMPLETE
IN A FEW DECADES
877
00:56:03,809 --> 00:56:05,792
WHAT TOOK THE OTHER NATIONS
OF THE WORLD
878
00:56:05,817 --> 00:56:07,816
THOUSANDS OF YEARS?
879
00:56:09,565 --> 00:56:13,230
WHY, IN YOUR HURRY
TO SUBDUE AND UTILIZE NATURE,
880
00:56:13,255 --> 00:56:15,542
SQUANDER HER SPLENDID GIFTS?
881
00:56:19,241 --> 00:56:21,113
YOU HAVE OPPORTUNITIES
882
00:56:21,138 --> 00:56:24,949
SUCH AS MANKIND
HAS NEVER HAD BEFORE...
883
00:56:24,974 --> 00:56:27,636
AND MAY NEVER HAVE AGAIN --
884
00:56:28,510 --> 00:56:30,660
JAMES BRYCE.
69851
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