All language subtitles for The West - s01e08 - Ghost Dance (1887-1914)

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Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:15,966 --> 00:00:19,966 WHEN I WAS A BOY, THE LAKOTA OWNED THE WORLD. 2 00:00:20,974 --> 00:00:24,802 THE SUN ROSE AND SET ON THEIR LAND. 3 00:00:24,827 --> 00:00:28,193 THEY SENT 10,000 MEN TO BATTLE. 4 00:00:29,607 --> 00:00:32,379 WHERE ARE THE WARRIORS TODAY? 5 00:00:32,404 --> 00:00:33,849 WHO SLEW THEM? 6 00:00:35,169 --> 00:00:39,208 WHERE ARE OUR LANDS? WHO OWNS THEM? -- 7 00:00:40,927 --> 00:00:42,270 SITTING BULL. 8 00:00:48,482 --> 00:00:54,841 [ NATIVE AMERICAN CHANTING ] 9 00:01:06,905 --> 00:01:12,130 [ DRUM BEATS, CHANTING CONTINUES ] 10 00:01:20,829 --> 00:01:24,607 [ MORE VOICES ADDED TO CHANTING ] 11 00:01:47,677 --> 00:01:52,536 BY 1887, THE WEST WAS CHANGING FASTER THAN EVER BEFORE. 12 00:01:53,544 --> 00:01:54,855 AMERICANS WERE MOVED 13 00:01:54,880 --> 00:01:58,052 BY THE SAME IMPULSES THAT HAD ALWAYS MOVED THEM -- 14 00:01:58,630 --> 00:02:00,535 TO BETTER THEIR OWN LIVES, 15 00:02:00,560 --> 00:02:03,146 AND TRANSFORM THE REGION IN THE PROCESS. 16 00:02:04,724 --> 00:02:07,011 NOW, THEIR NUMBERS SOARED, 17 00:02:07,036 --> 00:02:08,480 AND THEY BROUGHT WITH THEM 18 00:02:08,505 --> 00:02:11,255 THE TOOLS OF THE NEW INDUSTRIAL AGE. 19 00:02:14,326 --> 00:02:16,630 MINING STILL LURED PEOPLE TO THE WEST 20 00:02:16,655 --> 00:02:19,552 FROM EVERY CORNER OF THE GLOBE, 21 00:02:19,577 --> 00:02:22,669 BUT IT WAS A FULL-SCALE INDUSTRY NOW... 22 00:02:24,858 --> 00:02:27,771 AND THE CITIES IT CREATED SEEMED LITTLE DIFFERENT 23 00:02:27,796 --> 00:02:31,044 FROM THE GRIMY FACTORY TOWNS OF THE EAST. 24 00:02:34,431 --> 00:02:38,052 HOMESTEADERS AND FORTUNE-SEEKERS STILL ARRIVED, 25 00:02:38,077 --> 00:02:42,036 EVEN THOUGH MUCH OF THE BEST LAND HAD ALREADY BEEN CLAIMED. 26 00:02:46,214 --> 00:02:48,177 AND THE FRENZY OVER WHAT WAS LEFT 27 00:02:48,202 --> 00:02:50,466 TOUCHED OFF HUMAN STAMPEDES, 28 00:02:50,491 --> 00:02:54,091 WHILE WHOLE TOWNS OPENED FOR BUSINESS OVERNIGHT. 29 00:03:03,800 --> 00:03:06,884 BUT FOR THE FIRST INHABITANTS OF THE WEST, 30 00:03:06,909 --> 00:03:10,607 IT SEEMED THAT A WAY OF LIFE THAT HAD LASTED FOR GENERATIONS 31 00:03:10,632 --> 00:03:12,068 WAS ENDING. 32 00:03:13,811 --> 00:03:17,169 AS THEY SAW THEIR REMAINING LANDS STRIPPED AWAY, 33 00:03:17,194 --> 00:03:18,810 SOME INDIANS SOUGHT REFUGE 34 00:03:18,835 --> 00:03:24,654 IN A RELIGION THAT PROMISED IT HAD ALL BEEN A BAD DREAM. 35 00:03:33,377 --> 00:03:34,443 Woman: IF YOU STOP AND THINK 36 00:03:34,468 --> 00:03:38,763 ABOUT THE KIND OF PREJUDICE A LOT OF PEOPLE SUFFERED, 37 00:03:40,071 --> 00:03:42,232 A LOT OF THE DESTRUCTION THAT TOOK PLACE 38 00:03:42,257 --> 00:03:45,517 AS A CONSEQUENCE OF WAR AND CONQUERING, 39 00:03:46,066 --> 00:03:48,732 THEN IT WASN’T SUCH A PRETTY PICTURE. 40 00:03:49,887 --> 00:03:53,904 BUT I HAVE TO SAY THAT I THINK WE HAVE TO RECOGNIZE 41 00:03:53,929 --> 00:03:58,552 THAT THAT’S THE STORY OF ALL PLACES, OF ALL NATIONS, 42 00:04:00,342 --> 00:04:01,927 NO MATTER WHERE IN THE WORLD. 43 00:04:01,952 --> 00:04:07,763 IT IS A STORY OF CONQUERING, GREAT SACRIFICE, GREAT LOSS, 44 00:04:07,788 --> 00:04:12,993 AND, A LOT OF TIMES, A TAKING AWAY OF THINGS THAT 45 00:04:13,018 --> 00:04:16,693 REALLY BELONGED TO SOMEONE ELSE. 46 00:04:16,718 --> 00:04:20,583 BUT EVEN KNOWING ALL OF THAT... 47 00:04:21,899 --> 00:04:25,700 {\an8}AND WISHING THAT PART OF IT WERE NOT THERE 48 00:04:25,725 --> 00:04:30,072 CANNOT TAKE AWAY THE SPIRIT AND THE IDEALISM 49 00:04:30,097 --> 00:04:33,669 AND THE EXCITEMENT THAT THE PEOPLE FELT 50 00:04:33,694 --> 00:04:35,005 THAT ACTUALLY DID IT 51 00:04:35,030 --> 00:04:38,820 AND THAT WE STILL FEEL WHEN WE THINK ABOUT THEM DOING IT. 52 00:04:59,384 --> 00:05:03,007 Narrator: ON THE MORNING OF APRIL 22, 1889, 53 00:05:03,032 --> 00:05:06,528 SOME 100,000 EAGER, WOULD-BE SETTLERS 54 00:05:06,553 --> 00:05:09,329 SURROUNDED WHAT WAS CALLED THE "OKLAHOMA DISTRICT" 55 00:05:09,354 --> 00:05:11,524 ON THE SOUTHERN PLAINS, 56 00:05:11,549 --> 00:05:15,313 PREPARING TO STORM IN AND STAKE THEIR CLAIMS. 57 00:05:17,637 --> 00:05:20,977 TWO MILLION ACRES IN THE HEART OF INDIAN TERRITORY 58 00:05:21,002 --> 00:05:24,288 WERE BEING OPENED FOR HOMESTEADING. 59 00:05:24,313 --> 00:05:26,337 ALL ALONG THE DISTRICT’S BORDERS, 60 00:05:26,362 --> 00:05:28,217 SOLDIERS FROM THE U.S. ARMY 61 00:05:28,242 --> 00:05:31,586 HELD BACK THE SWARM OF EXCITED PIONEERS 62 00:05:31,611 --> 00:05:35,680 WHO WERE POISED FOR THE SIGNAL THAT THE LAND RUSH COULD BEGIN. 63 00:05:36,954 --> 00:05:38,876 AT PRECISELY NOON, 64 00:05:38,901 --> 00:05:42,868 THE BUGLES BLEW, AND THE HUGE CROWD SURGED AHEAD. 65 00:05:42,893 --> 00:05:47,009 [ BANJO MUSIC PLAYS ] 66 00:05:54,923 --> 00:05:58,180 MANY HEADED FOR TOWNS ABOUT TO BE BORN -- 67 00:05:58,205 --> 00:06:02,844 OKLAHOMA CITY, STILLWATER, KINGFISHER, NORMAN -- 68 00:06:02,869 --> 00:06:04,321 AND GUTHRIE. 69 00:06:06,020 --> 00:06:08,657 THE LAST BARRIER OF SAVAGERY IN THE UNITED STATES 70 00:06:08,682 --> 00:06:10,816 WAS BROKEN DOWN. 71 00:06:10,841 --> 00:06:12,649 MOVED BY THE SAME IMPULSE, 72 00:06:12,674 --> 00:06:16,507 EACH DRIVER LASHED HIS HORSES FURIOUSLY. 73 00:06:16,532 --> 00:06:17,801 EACH MAN ON FOOT 74 00:06:17,826 --> 00:06:19,993 CAUGHT HIS BREATH AND STARTED FORWARD -- 75 00:06:21,983 --> 00:06:24,751 HARPERS WEEKLY. 76 00:06:28,171 --> 00:06:30,001 Narrator: BY THE END OF THE DAY, 77 00:06:30,026 --> 00:06:35,735 ALL 1,920,000 ACRES IN THE OKLAHOMA DISTRICT 78 00:06:35,760 --> 00:06:38,007 HAD BEEN CLAIMED. 79 00:06:38,040 --> 00:06:40,922 BUT THE CHOICEST LOTS HAD ALREADY BEEN TAKEN 80 00:06:40,947 --> 00:06:44,298 BY SETTLERS WHO HAD ILLEGALLY SLIPPED THROUGH THE ARMY LINES 81 00:06:44,323 --> 00:06:45,403 THE NIGHT BEFORE. 82 00:06:46,672 --> 00:06:49,360 THEY CALLED THEMSELVES "SOONERS." 83 00:06:52,468 --> 00:06:54,969 MEN WHO HAD EXPECTED TO LAY OUT THE TOWN SITE 84 00:06:54,994 --> 00:06:57,712 WERE GRIEVOUSLY DISAPPOINTED AT THEIR FIRST GLIMPSE 85 00:06:57,737 --> 00:07:00,337 OF THEIR PROPOSED SCENE OF OPERATIONS. 86 00:07:03,089 --> 00:07:05,602 THE SLOPE EAST OF THE RAILWAY AT GUTHRIE STATION 87 00:07:05,627 --> 00:07:08,939 WAS ALREADY DOTTED WHITE WITH TENTS 88 00:07:08,964 --> 00:07:11,337 AND SPRINKLED THICK WITH MEN RUNNING ABOUT 89 00:07:11,362 --> 00:07:12,992 IN ALL DIRECTIONS. 90 00:07:14,599 --> 00:07:16,673 Narrator: BY NOON OF THE FOLLOWING DAY, 91 00:07:16,698 --> 00:07:20,954 THE 15,000 NEW CITIZENS OF THE BRAND-NEW TOWN OF GUTHRIE 92 00:07:20,979 --> 00:07:23,493 BEGAN CHOOSING THEIR MAYOR. 93 00:07:23,518 --> 00:07:25,041 IT WASN’T EASY. 94 00:07:25,066 --> 00:07:28,776 THERE WERE TWO CANDIDATES AND NO BALLOTS. 95 00:07:28,801 --> 00:07:32,874 TWO LINES WERE FORMED, AND EACH MAN’S VOTE WAS TALLIED, 96 00:07:32,899 --> 00:07:34,118 BUT SO MANY VOTERS 97 00:07:34,143 --> 00:07:36,618 RAN TO THE BACK OF THE LINE TO VOTE AGAIN 98 00:07:36,643 --> 00:07:39,977 THAT THE WHOLE BUSINESS HAD TO BE DONE OVER. 99 00:07:41,396 --> 00:07:45,657 LAWYERS WENT TO WORK, FILING LAND CLAIMS FOR A FEE. 100 00:07:47,472 --> 00:07:51,016 THREE MEN WITHOUT A CENT BETWEEN THEM OPENED A BANK. 101 00:07:51,757 --> 00:07:54,321 DEPOSITS WERE KEPT IN A POTBELLIED STOVE 102 00:07:54,346 --> 00:07:57,469 UNTIL THEY COULD AFFORD TO BUY A VAULT. 103 00:07:58,410 --> 00:08:01,485 A BLACKSMITH SOON SAW THE NEED FOR A DENTIST, 104 00:08:01,510 --> 00:08:02,962 DECLARED HIMSELF ONE, 105 00:08:02,987 --> 00:08:06,954 AND ADVERTISED HIS SKILLS BY HANGING THE TEETH HE EXTRACTED 106 00:08:06,979 --> 00:08:09,699 ON A STRING OUTSIDE HIS TENT. 107 00:08:17,512 --> 00:08:18,811 WITHIN FIVE DAYS, 108 00:08:18,836 --> 00:08:21,130 WOOD-FRAME BUILDINGS WERE BEING BANGED TOGETHER 109 00:08:21,155 --> 00:08:22,785 ALONG MAIN STREET. 110 00:08:23,878 --> 00:08:26,938 AND BY THE TIME GUTHRIE WAS ONLY ONE MONTH OLD, 111 00:08:26,963 --> 00:08:30,790 IT HAD A HOTEL, GENERAL STORES, THREE NEWSPAPERS, 112 00:08:30,815 --> 00:08:32,985 AND FIFTY SALOONS. 113 00:08:40,784 --> 00:08:42,235 IN THE YEARS THAT FOLLOWED, 114 00:08:42,260 --> 00:08:45,157 THERE WOULD BE MORE LAND RUSHES THROUGHOUT THE WEST, 115 00:08:46,775 --> 00:08:49,852 BRINGING IN SETTLERS AND CREATING NEW TOWNS 116 00:08:49,877 --> 00:08:53,127 IN NUMBERS NEVER BEFORE IMAGINED. 117 00:09:00,074 --> 00:09:03,969 Richards: I AM A BEING OF THE WEST. 118 00:09:03,994 --> 00:09:06,721 I AM AN HEIR 119 00:09:06,746 --> 00:09:11,329 TO THE RICHEST POSSIBLE HERITAGE THAT ANYBODY COULD HAVE. 120 00:09:13,725 --> 00:09:15,555 I THINK OF THOSE PEOPLE 121 00:09:15,580 --> 00:09:17,782 WHO WERE READY TO TAKE ON ANYTHING 122 00:09:19,090 --> 00:09:23,665 AND TO DO SO WITH THE COMMITMENT AND THE DEDICATION 123 00:09:23,690 --> 00:09:27,235 THAT NO MATTER, COME HELL OR HIGH WATER, 124 00:09:27,260 --> 00:09:31,868 THEY WERE GOING TO SUCCEED -- I THINK I’M A PART OF THAT. 125 00:09:31,893 --> 00:09:39,089 AND I LOVE THE NOTION OF BEING SOMEWHERE IN THAT LINEAGE 126 00:09:39,114 --> 00:09:42,602 AND KNOW THAT MY CHILDREN ARE TOO. 127 00:09:55,331 --> 00:09:58,345 THE INDIAN MAY NOW BECOME A FREE MAN -- 128 00:09:58,370 --> 00:10:00,616 FREE FROM THE THRALDOM OF THE TRIBE, 129 00:10:00,641 --> 00:10:03,579 FREE FROM THE DOMINATION OF THE RESERVATION SYSTEM, 130 00:10:03,604 --> 00:10:07,157 FREE TO ENTER INTO THE BODY OF OUR CITIZENS. 131 00:10:07,182 --> 00:10:09,188 THIS BILL MAY THEREFORE BE CONSIDERED 132 00:10:09,213 --> 00:10:10,426 AS THE MAGNA CARTA 133 00:10:10,451 --> 00:10:12,321 OF THE INDIANS OF OUR COUNTRY -- 134 00:10:13,006 --> 00:10:14,086 ALICE FLETCHER. 135 00:10:17,750 --> 00:10:21,000 Narrator: IN 1887, WELL-MEANING REFORMERS 136 00:10:21,025 --> 00:10:24,775 HAD PERSUADED CONGRESS TO PASS THE DAWES ACT. 137 00:10:26,836 --> 00:10:29,960 IT PROVIDED FOR EACH HEAD OF AN INDIAN FAMILY 138 00:10:29,985 --> 00:10:33,124 TO BE GIVEN 160 ACRES OF FARMLAND 139 00:10:33,149 --> 00:10:35,869 OR 320 OF GRAZING LAND. 140 00:10:36,896 --> 00:10:39,764 THEN, ALL THE REMAINING TRIBAL LANDS 141 00:10:39,789 --> 00:10:43,671 WERE TO BE DECLARED "SURPLUS" AND OPENED UP FOR WHITES. 142 00:10:46,131 --> 00:10:49,077 TRIBAL OWNERSHIP -- AND THE TRIBES THEMSELVES -- 143 00:10:49,102 --> 00:10:51,866 WERE MEANT SIMPLY TO DISAPPEAR. 144 00:10:55,416 --> 00:10:56,530 Woman: THE DAWES ACT 145 00:10:56,555 --> 00:11:01,856 WAS A WAY TO BREAK UP THE WHOLE TRIBAL STRUCTURE 146 00:11:01,881 --> 00:11:04,483 OF NATIVE AMERICAN NATIONS. 147 00:11:05,183 --> 00:11:07,866 INSTEAD OF SAYING YOU ARE A GROUP OF PEOPLE, 148 00:11:07,891 --> 00:11:11,241 ALL OF A SUDDEN, YOU ARE INDIVIDUAL LAND OWNERS, 149 00:11:11,266 --> 00:11:12,764 YOU ARE AMERICANS. 150 00:11:14,641 --> 00:11:17,194 {\an8}AND SO IT WAS DESIGNED TO BREAK UP COMMUNITY, 151 00:11:17,219 --> 00:11:21,481 {\an8}TO CIVILIZE PEOPLE, MAKE US FARMERS, 152 00:11:21,506 --> 00:11:24,991 AND TO ALSO BREAK UP OUR TRIBAL STRUCTURE. 153 00:11:28,597 --> 00:11:33,257 Narrator: IN 1889, THE SAME YEAR AS THE OKLAHOMA LAND RUSH, 154 00:11:33,282 --> 00:11:37,608 TWO EASTERN WOMEN ARRIVED AT THE NEZ PERCE RESERVATION IN IDAHO, 155 00:11:37,633 --> 00:11:40,280 DETERMINED TO IMPLEMENT THE DAWES ACT. 156 00:11:42,517 --> 00:11:44,764 ALICE FLETCHER WAS A LEADER OF THE GROUP 157 00:11:44,789 --> 00:11:48,077 THAT CALLED ITSELF THE "FRIENDS OF THE INDIANS," 158 00:11:48,102 --> 00:11:51,352 A PIONEER IN THE EMERGING FIELD OF ETHNOLOGY, 159 00:11:51,377 --> 00:11:53,921 AND ONE OF THE ARCHITECTS OF THE NEW LAW. 160 00:11:55,202 --> 00:11:58,952 HER COMPANION WAS JANE GAY, A SOMETIME POET 161 00:11:58,977 --> 00:12:01,053 WHO HAD LEARNED THE ART OF PHOTOGRAPHY 162 00:12:01,078 --> 00:12:04,328 TO DOCUMENT THEIR TIME WITH THE INDIANS. 163 00:12:05,671 --> 00:12:07,436 THEY HAD COME, THEY BELIEVED, 164 00:12:07,461 --> 00:12:10,850 TO SAVE THE NEZ PERCE FROM THEMSELVES -- 165 00:12:10,875 --> 00:12:15,514 BY DIVIDING UP THEIR LAND AND MAKING THEM HOMESTEADERS. 166 00:12:18,834 --> 00:12:22,975 ALICE EXPLAINED WHAT SHE HAD CALLED THEM TOGETHER TO HEAR, 167 00:12:23,000 --> 00:12:27,248 EXPLAINED THE LAND ALLOTMENT, THE MEANING OF CITIZENSHIP, 168 00:12:27,273 --> 00:12:28,858 AND HER WISH THAT THE WHOLE PEOPLE 169 00:12:28,883 --> 00:12:31,444 WOULD SEE THE WISDOM OF THE GREAT CHANGE 170 00:12:31,469 --> 00:12:33,561 THAT SHE HAD COME TO BRING UPON THEM. 171 00:12:34,801 --> 00:12:37,168 STILL, A SILENCE -- 172 00:12:37,193 --> 00:12:42,249 THE INTERPRETER READ THE LAW AND THEN SAT DOWN AND WAITED. 173 00:12:42,274 --> 00:12:45,257 A LITTLE STIR AROSE AMONG THE PEOPLE, 174 00:12:45,282 --> 00:12:48,084 AND AT LENGTH, ONE MAN STOOD UP -- 175 00:12:48,109 --> 00:12:50,163 A TALL, BROAD-SHOULDERED FELLOW 176 00:12:50,188 --> 00:12:52,467 WITH AN AIR OF AUTHORITY ABOUT HIM. 177 00:12:53,136 --> 00:12:54,007 HE SAID, 178 00:12:54,032 --> 00:12:57,375 "WE DO NOT WANT OUR LAND CUT UP IN LITTLE PIECES. 179 00:12:57,400 --> 00:12:59,570 "WE HAVE NOT TOLD YOU TO DO IT. 180 00:13:00,523 --> 00:13:02,663 WE ARE CONTENT TO BE AS WE ARE." 181 00:13:03,303 --> 00:13:04,553 AND A GROAN OF ASSENT 182 00:13:04,578 --> 00:13:07,014 RAN ALONG THE DARK LINE OF SPHINXES 183 00:13:07,039 --> 00:13:10,702 AS THE OLD MAN DREW HIS BLANKET ABOUT HIM. 184 00:13:10,727 --> 00:13:13,405 "OUR PEOPLE ARE SCATTERED," SAID ANOTHER. 185 00:13:13,430 --> 00:13:14,866 "WE MUST COME TOGETHER 186 00:13:14,891 --> 00:13:17,811 AND DECIDE WHETHER WE WILL HAVE THIS LAW." 187 00:13:19,394 --> 00:13:24,030 SHE TOLD THEM THAT THERE IS NOTHING FOR THEM TO DECIDE. 188 00:13:24,055 --> 00:13:26,888 THEY HAVE NO CHOICE... 189 00:13:26,913 --> 00:13:30,100 THE LAW MUST BE OBEYED -- 190 00:13:31,001 --> 00:13:32,641 JANE GAY. 191 00:13:37,073 --> 00:13:39,397 Narrator: ALICE FLETCHER IMMEDIATELY SET TO WORK 192 00:13:39,422 --> 00:13:42,577 MARKING OFF THE NEW BOUNDARIES ON THE RESERVATION. 193 00:13:43,949 --> 00:13:48,022 THE NEZ PERCE CAME TO CALL HER THE "MEASURING WOMAN." 194 00:13:49,559 --> 00:13:52,809 CHIEF JOSEPH HIMSELF CAME TO PAY A VISIT. 195 00:13:53,519 --> 00:13:57,329 AFTER HIS LONG FLIGHT FROM THE ARMY IN 1877, 196 00:13:57,354 --> 00:13:59,460 HE HAD BEEN EXILED TO OKLAHOMA 197 00:13:59,485 --> 00:14:01,921 AND THEN ALLOWED TO RETURN TO A RESERVATION 198 00:14:01,946 --> 00:14:04,014 IN EASTERN WASHINGTON -- 199 00:14:04,039 --> 00:14:08,647 BUT NOT TO HIS BELOVED HOMELAND, THE WALLOWA VALLEY IN OREGON. 200 00:14:10,035 --> 00:14:13,085 USING A NEW DEVICE -- A WAX CYLINDER -- 201 00:14:13,110 --> 00:14:14,530 FLETCHER CONVINCED JOSEPH 202 00:14:14,555 --> 00:14:17,155 TO RECORD ONE OF HIS TRADITIONAL SONGS. 203 00:14:17,180 --> 00:14:21,897 [ NATIVE AMERICAN CHANTING ] 204 00:14:25,797 --> 00:14:30,077 BUT SHE COULD NOT TALK HIM INTO TAKING AN ALLOTMENT OF LAND. 205 00:14:35,229 --> 00:14:37,671 Gay: HE WILL HAVE NONE BUT THE WALLOWA VALLEY, 206 00:14:37,696 --> 00:14:39,944 FROM WHICH HE WAS DRIVEN. 207 00:14:39,969 --> 00:14:42,828 HE WILL REMAIN LANDLESS AND HOMELESS 208 00:14:42,853 --> 00:14:45,249 IF HE CANNOT HAVE HIS OWN AGAIN. 209 00:14:47,298 --> 00:14:50,975 IT WAS GOOD TO SEE AN UNSUBJUGATED INDIAN. 210 00:14:51,000 --> 00:14:52,538 ONE COULD NOT HELP RESPECTING 211 00:14:52,563 --> 00:14:56,374 THE MAN WHO STILL STOOD FIRMLY FOR HIS RIGHTS, 212 00:14:56,399 --> 00:14:59,795 AFTER HAVING FOUGHT AND SUFFERED AND BEEN DEFEATED 213 00:14:59,820 --> 00:15:03,124 IN THE STRUGGLE FOR THEIR MAINTENANCE. 214 00:15:19,283 --> 00:15:22,342 Narrator: ALICE FLETCHER KEPT AT IT FOR FOUR LONG YEARS, 215 00:15:22,367 --> 00:15:25,971 TRYING TO DIVIDE INDIAN LANDS FAIRLY, 216 00:15:25,996 --> 00:15:29,061 WHILE FENDING OFF WHITES WHO SOUGHT TO PERSUADE HER 217 00:15:29,086 --> 00:15:31,256 TO LEAVE THE BEST LAND FOR THEM. 218 00:15:33,123 --> 00:15:35,815 Fletcher: I AM NEARLY USED UP. 219 00:15:35,840 --> 00:15:41,569 I HAVE SUCH A HARD TIME HERE, BUT I SHALL SOON PUSH THROUGH. 220 00:15:41,594 --> 00:15:44,671 MY HONOR IS INVOLVED IN GETTING THIS DONE. 221 00:15:47,979 --> 00:15:49,827 Narrator: BY THE TIME SHE WAS FINISHED, 222 00:15:49,852 --> 00:15:53,444 SHE HAD MADE MORE THAN 2,000 NEZ PERCE ALLOTMENTS -- 223 00:15:54,425 --> 00:15:57,675 OVER 175,000 ACRES. 224 00:15:59,229 --> 00:16:00,544 THEN SHE AND HER FRIEND 225 00:16:00,569 --> 00:16:03,624 STARTED EAST TO CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS, 226 00:16:03,649 --> 00:16:06,022 WHERE FLETCHER HAD BEEN AWARDED A FELLOWSHIP 227 00:16:06,047 --> 00:16:08,624 AT HARVARD’S PEABODY MUSEUM. 228 00:16:10,797 --> 00:16:14,077 Gay: IN THE WEEK’S JOURNEY HOME ACROSS THE CONTINENT, 229 00:16:14,102 --> 00:16:14,936 WE SHALL HAVE TIME 230 00:16:14,961 --> 00:16:17,710 TO REVIEW THE OUTCOME OF OUR EARNEST ENDEAVORS. 231 00:16:19,285 --> 00:16:23,374 BUT IF IT HAS BEEN WELL FOR US AND WELL FOR THE INDIAN 232 00:16:23,399 --> 00:16:25,374 IS NOT FOR US TO KNOW. 233 00:16:29,046 --> 00:16:32,991 WE CAN ONLY LEAVE THE QUESTION AMONG THE UNSOLVABLE, 234 00:16:33,016 --> 00:16:35,207 WHOSE MULTITUDE GROWS EVER GREATER 235 00:16:35,232 --> 00:16:36,962 AS LIFE GOES ON. 236 00:16:46,379 --> 00:16:49,053 Narrator: THE DAWES ACT, MEANT TO HELP INDIANS, 237 00:16:49,078 --> 00:16:50,868 DEVASTATED THEM INSTEAD. 238 00:16:52,604 --> 00:16:56,850 IN 1895, THE REMAINING HALF-MILLION UNALLOTTED ACRES 239 00:16:56,875 --> 00:17:00,491 OF NEZ PERCE TRIBAL LAND WERE DECLARED "SURPLUS" 240 00:17:00,516 --> 00:17:02,686 AND OPENED FOR HOMESTEADING. 241 00:17:06,951 --> 00:17:10,050 BY 1910, THERE WOULD BE 30,000 WHITES 242 00:17:10,075 --> 00:17:13,819 WITHIN THE NEZ PERCE RESERVATION -- 243 00:17:13,844 --> 00:17:16,467 AND JUST 1,500 NEZ PERCE. 244 00:17:20,055 --> 00:17:24,178 ACROSS MUCH OF THE WEST, THE STORY WOULD BE THE SAME. 245 00:17:25,386 --> 00:17:26,942 BEFORE THE DAWES ACT, 246 00:17:26,967 --> 00:17:32,046 SOME 150 MILLION ACRES REMAINED IN INDIAN HANDS. 247 00:17:33,033 --> 00:17:37,827 WITHIN 20 YEARS, TWO-THIRDS OF THEIR LAND WAS GONE. 248 00:17:46,416 --> 00:17:48,466 Man: BY THE 1880s, 249 00:17:48,491 --> 00:17:51,556 THE GREAT AMERICAN WEST WAS NOT A MATTER OF COWBOYS, 250 00:17:51,581 --> 00:17:54,642 INDIANS, MOUNTAIN MEN, AND EXPLORERS, 251 00:17:54,667 --> 00:17:59,872 BUT IN FACT, A LAND LARGELY URBAN, LARGELY INDUSTRIAL, 252 00:17:59,897 --> 00:18:02,486 AND RIVEN WITH MANY OF THE SAME PROBLEMS 253 00:18:02,511 --> 00:18:05,231 THAT ASSAULTED THE INDUSTRIALIZED EAST. 254 00:18:06,575 --> 00:18:07,750 THE MINING INDUSTRY, 255 00:18:07,775 --> 00:18:10,994 PROBABLY MORE THAN ANY OTHER SINGLE INDUSTRY, 256 00:18:11,019 --> 00:18:14,279 {\an8}WAS DESIGNED SPECIFICALLY TO GET INTO THE WEST, 257 00:18:14,304 --> 00:18:17,103 {\an8}FIND WHAT RESOURCES IT HAD, DIG ’EM OUT, 258 00:18:17,128 --> 00:18:18,483 LEAVE A WRECK BEHIND, 259 00:18:18,508 --> 00:18:20,814 AND GET OUT AND MOVE ON SOMEPLACE ELSE. 260 00:18:25,528 --> 00:18:29,955 Narrator: BUTTE, MONTANA, WAS ALWAYS A MINING TOWN. 261 00:18:29,980 --> 00:18:33,593 IT HAD BEEN BORN DURING A GOLD RUSH IN THE 1860s 262 00:18:33,618 --> 00:18:35,619 AND WAS GIVEN A SECOND LEASE ON LIFE 263 00:18:35,644 --> 00:18:37,978 WITH A SILVER STRIKE IN THE 1870s. 264 00:18:40,151 --> 00:18:44,267 THEN, IN 1881, 300 FEET BELOW THE GROUND, 265 00:18:44,292 --> 00:18:47,103 MINERS MADE AN EVEN MORE IMPORTANT DISCOVERY -- 266 00:18:48,139 --> 00:18:53,220 THE LARGEST DEPOSIT OF COPPER THE WORLD HAD EVER SEEN. 267 00:18:53,245 --> 00:18:56,881 IT WAS JUST WHAT THE NEW ELECTRICAL AGE REQUIRED -- 268 00:18:56,906 --> 00:19:01,569 COPPER FOR CONDUCTORS, MACHINES, WIRES. 269 00:19:01,594 --> 00:19:04,728 BY THE MID-1880s, BUTTE’S MINES WERE YIELDING 270 00:19:04,753 --> 00:19:09,819 ALMOST 2,000 TONS OF SILVER AND COPPER ORE EVERY DAY -- 271 00:19:09,844 --> 00:19:14,149 WELL OVER A MILLION DOLLARS EVERY MONTH. 272 00:19:14,174 --> 00:19:19,087 ITS CITIZENS BOASTED THEY LIVED ON THE "RICHEST HILL ON EARTH." 273 00:19:20,582 --> 00:19:23,595 Man: BUTTE HAD A KIND OF COLLECTIVE ENERGY 274 00:19:23,620 --> 00:19:27,916 THAT I SUSPECT NO OTHER WESTERN TOWN COULD HAVE MATCHED. 275 00:19:27,941 --> 00:19:31,727 {\an8}THE MINES NEVER CLOSED, THE BARS NEVER CLOSED, 276 00:19:31,752 --> 00:19:35,542 {\an8}CERTAINLY THE RED-LIGHT DISTRICT DID NOT CLOSE. 277 00:19:36,995 --> 00:19:38,931 I’VE ALWAYS THOUGHT OF IT AS AN EASTERN TOWN, 278 00:19:38,956 --> 00:19:42,111 AS A MISPLACED EASTERN TOWN -- A KIND OF DOWNSIZED PITTSBURGH 279 00:19:42,136 --> 00:19:45,603 LOCATED IN THE MIDDLE OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS. 280 00:19:49,567 --> 00:19:52,041 Narrator: MOST OF THE BUTTE MINERS WERE IRISH, 281 00:19:52,066 --> 00:19:55,814 BUT THERE WERE ALSO FINNS AND JAPANESE AND ITALIANS, 282 00:19:55,839 --> 00:19:58,914 CROATIANS, MEXICANS, AND SWEDES -- 283 00:19:58,939 --> 00:20:01,806 38 DIFFERENT NATIONALITIES IN ALL -- 284 00:20:01,831 --> 00:20:05,033 SO MANY THAT THE "NO SMOKING" SIGNS IN THE MINES 285 00:20:05,058 --> 00:20:08,009 HAD TO BE PRINTED IN 14 LANGUAGES. 286 00:20:09,389 --> 00:20:12,923 ALL THE MEN WERE WORKING STEADILY TOWARD ONE GOAL -- 287 00:20:12,948 --> 00:20:16,103 TAKE AS MUCH ORE AS POSSIBLE FROM THE MINES, 288 00:20:16,128 --> 00:20:18,697 4,000 FEET BELOW THE SURFACE. 289 00:20:20,433 --> 00:20:23,837 IT WAS THE MOST DANGEROUS JOB IN AMERICA. 290 00:20:23,862 --> 00:20:25,869 IN THE HOT, AIRLESS TUNNELS, 291 00:20:25,894 --> 00:20:30,095 TEMPERATURES STAYED ABOVE 90 DEGREES ALL YEAR ROUND. 292 00:20:31,710 --> 00:20:35,228 MINE SHAFTS COLLAPSED OR CAUGHT FIRE. 293 00:20:35,253 --> 00:20:38,473 AND THERE WAS THE PERPETUAL THREAT OF SILICOSIS, 294 00:20:38,498 --> 00:20:43,054 CAUSED BY INHALING DUST, WHICH TORE AT THE MINERS’ LUNGS 295 00:20:43,079 --> 00:20:48,212 AND LED THOUSANDS TO DIE YOUNG FROM PNEUMONIA AND TUBERCULOSIS. 296 00:20:50,300 --> 00:20:52,603 Emmons: THE ELEVATION TO GROUND LEVEL 297 00:20:52,628 --> 00:20:56,009 IN THE MIDDLE OF A BUTTE WINTER WAS THE CAUSE OF GREAT ELATION 298 00:20:56,034 --> 00:20:57,603 AMONG THE SCHOOLCHILDREN OF BUTTE 299 00:20:57,628 --> 00:21:01,866 BECAUSE MEN BEING RAISED FROM A 100-DEGREE MINE 300 00:21:01,891 --> 00:21:03,605 WOULD BE COVERED WITH SWEAT, 301 00:21:03,630 --> 00:21:05,369 AND AS THEY REACHED THE SURFACE -- 302 00:21:05,394 --> 00:21:07,345 AS THEIR SWEAT-DRENCHED WORK CLOTHES 303 00:21:07,370 --> 00:21:09,572 WOULD STRIKE 40-DEGREE-BELOW AIR -- 304 00:21:09,597 --> 00:21:12,595 THEY WOULD DISAPPEAR IN A PLUME OF EVAPORATION. 305 00:21:13,106 --> 00:21:15,509 SO THE SCHOOLCHILDREN USED TO GATHER ON THE HILLSIDE 306 00:21:15,534 --> 00:21:17,736 AND WATCH THE MEN RAISED, 307 00:21:17,761 --> 00:21:21,616 AND IT WAS THEIR AFTER-SCHOOL PLEASURE 308 00:21:21,641 --> 00:21:23,579 TO WATCH THEM LITERALLY DISAPPEAR 309 00:21:23,604 --> 00:21:25,798 IN THIS CLOUD, THIS PUFF OF SMOKE. 310 00:21:31,569 --> 00:21:32,931 IN APPROACHING BUTTE, 311 00:21:32,956 --> 00:21:36,111 I MARVELED AT THE DESOLATION OF THE COUNTRY. 312 00:21:36,136 --> 00:21:39,498 THERE WAS NO GREENERY OF ANY KIND -- 313 00:21:39,523 --> 00:21:40,697 IT HAD ALL BEEN KILLED 314 00:21:40,722 --> 00:21:44,522 BY THE FUMES AND SMOKE OF THE PILES OF BURNING ORE -- 315 00:21:45,865 --> 00:21:47,485 BILL HAYWOOD. 316 00:21:48,543 --> 00:21:52,251 Narrator: JUST FOUR TREES SURVIVED WITHIN BUTTE ITSELF, 317 00:21:52,276 --> 00:21:53,876 AND ALL THE NEARBY HILLSIDES 318 00:21:53,901 --> 00:21:56,358 HAD LONG SINCE BEEN STRIPPED OF WOOD 319 00:21:56,383 --> 00:21:58,697 TO FUEL THE SMELTERS THAT ROARED ON, 320 00:21:58,722 --> 00:22:00,462 ALL DAY AND ALL NIGHT. 321 00:22:02,242 --> 00:22:06,103 THICK, REEKING SMOKE HUNG PERPETUALLY OVER THE CITY 322 00:22:06,128 --> 00:22:09,369 AND THE RAW-BONED MINING SETTLEMENTS AROUND IT -- 323 00:22:09,394 --> 00:22:15,374 CABBAGE PATCH, ANACONDA, AND A PLACE CALLED "SELDOM SEEN." 324 00:22:16,947 --> 00:22:18,720 Emmons: BUTTE HAD AN AIR-POLLUTION PROBLEM 325 00:22:18,745 --> 00:22:22,431 THAT WAS SUCH THAT IT WOULD BE LITERALLY DARK AT NOON. 326 00:22:23,279 --> 00:22:26,494 THE PREVAILING WINDS USUALLY WOULD CARRY THE SMOKE AWAY, 327 00:22:26,519 --> 00:22:30,150 BUT IN DEAD AIR CONDITIONS, BUTTE WAS OBLITERATED -- 328 00:22:30,175 --> 00:22:33,001 IT DISAPPEARED FROM VIEW. 329 00:22:40,198 --> 00:22:42,103 Watkins: MUCH OF MINING THAT GOES ON IN THE WEST TODAY 330 00:22:42,128 --> 00:22:46,163 IS STILL OPERATING UNDER A LAW SIGNED BY ULYSSES S. GRANT 331 00:22:46,188 --> 00:22:50,402 CALLED THE "GENERAL MINING LAW OF 1872," 332 00:22:50,427 --> 00:22:55,408 WHICH WAS DESIGNED SPECIFICALLY TO ENCOURAGE MINING IN THE WEST. 333 00:22:55,433 --> 00:22:58,173 IT ENCOURAGED EXPLOITATION. 334 00:22:58,198 --> 00:23:02,369 IT LITERALLY GAVE AWAY ENORMOUS CHUNKS OF AMERICAN LAND 335 00:23:02,394 --> 00:23:03,939 AT ALMOST NO PRICE, 336 00:23:03,964 --> 00:23:07,619 IMPOSED NO RESTRICTIONS ON HOW THE MINES WOULD BE DEVELOPED, 337 00:23:08,231 --> 00:23:10,767 REQUIRED NO RECLAMATION WORK AFTERWARDS, 338 00:23:10,792 --> 00:23:14,333 NO MONITORING OF WHATEVER ACIDS AND OTHER GARBAGE 339 00:23:14,358 --> 00:23:17,533 THAT MIGHT GET SPILLED INTO THE LOCAL WATER TABLES, 340 00:23:17,558 --> 00:23:23,488 AND GAVE AWAY -- NO ONE EVEN KNOWS HOW MUCH PRECISELY -- 341 00:23:23,513 --> 00:23:24,517 GOLD AND SILVER, 342 00:23:24,542 --> 00:23:26,845 WITH NO ROYALTIES PAID TO THE GOVERNMENT AT ALL. 343 00:23:28,698 --> 00:23:33,109 THE WEST IS A FAIRLY FRAGILE ENVIRONMENT. 344 00:23:33,134 --> 00:23:36,751 UNLIKE THE WELL-FORESTED EAST, THE SCARS LAST LONGER, 345 00:23:36,776 --> 00:23:40,033 THE DAMAGE IS OF A LONGER DURATION. 346 00:23:40,058 --> 00:23:42,501 AND YET, WE STILL CONTINUE TO USE THE WEST THE SAME WAY, 347 00:23:42,526 --> 00:23:45,025 AS IF WHAT WE DID WAS IMPERMANENT. 348 00:23:45,824 --> 00:23:48,509 BUT IN HUMAN TERMS, IT IS NOT IMPERMANENT AT ALL. 349 00:23:48,534 --> 00:23:52,955 IT LASTS A VERY LONG TIME -- GENERATIONS. 350 00:24:07,702 --> 00:24:09,365 Narrator: BY 1890, 351 00:24:09,390 --> 00:24:12,220 NO INDIAN PEOPLE ANYWHERE IN THE WEST 352 00:24:12,245 --> 00:24:15,575 LIVED FREELY ON THEIR OWN LAND -- 353 00:24:15,600 --> 00:24:17,033 AND EVEN THE RESERVATIONS 354 00:24:17,058 --> 00:24:19,353 ON WHICH THEY STRUGGLED TO SURVIVE 355 00:24:19,378 --> 00:24:21,988 WERE BEING BROKEN UP UNDER THE DAWES ACT. 356 00:24:23,632 --> 00:24:26,832 CONGRESS HAD CUT APPROPRIATIONS. 357 00:24:26,857 --> 00:24:30,419 RATIONS WERE DRASTICALLY REDUCED. 358 00:24:30,444 --> 00:24:31,751 THERE WERE DEADLY EPIDEMICS 359 00:24:31,776 --> 00:24:35,423 OF MEASLES, INFLUENZA, WHOOPING COUGH. 360 00:24:39,224 --> 00:24:42,720 ON THE STANDING ROCK RESERVATION IN NORTH DAKOTA, 361 00:24:42,745 --> 00:24:44,830 THE LAKOTA MEDICINE MAN, SITTING BULL, 362 00:24:44,855 --> 00:24:47,025 WAS LIVING QUIETLY IN HIS CABIN. 363 00:24:49,544 --> 00:24:51,775 HE WAS STILL REGARDED WITH RESPECT 364 00:24:51,800 --> 00:24:53,626 BY THOSE LAKOTAS WHO REMEMBERED 365 00:24:53,651 --> 00:24:56,111 THE EERIE ACCURACY OF HIS VISIONS 366 00:24:56,136 --> 00:24:58,830 DURING THE DAYS WHEN THEY HAD FOUGHT CUSTER. 367 00:25:00,921 --> 00:25:03,244 BUT THE LAKOTA WERE DIVIDED NOW, 368 00:25:03,269 --> 00:25:05,087 AS THEY STRUGGLED TO COME TO TERMS 369 00:25:05,112 --> 00:25:06,837 WITH THE WHITE MAN’S WORLD. 370 00:25:08,213 --> 00:25:12,306 AND SITTING BULL HAD HAD ANOTHER, MORE DISTURBING VISION. 371 00:25:13,461 --> 00:25:14,462 THIS ONE TOLD HIM 372 00:25:14,487 --> 00:25:18,259 THAT THE WORST FATE THAT COULD BEFALL A LAKOTA AWAITED HIM -- 373 00:25:19,354 --> 00:25:22,304 TO DIE AT THE HANDS OF HIS OWN PEOPLE. 374 00:25:28,677 --> 00:25:31,427 THAT FALL, SITTING BULL HAD A VISITOR, 375 00:25:31,452 --> 00:25:34,501 A MINICONJOU LAKOTA NAMED KICKING BEAR, 376 00:25:34,526 --> 00:25:37,470 JUST BACK FROM A TRAIN TRIP TO THE FAR WEST 377 00:25:37,495 --> 00:25:40,155 AND BEARING REMARKABLE NEWS. 378 00:25:43,872 --> 00:25:46,072 A CEREMONY CALLED THE "GHOST DANCE" 379 00:25:46,097 --> 00:25:49,697 WAS SWEEPING THROUGH MANY TRIBES OF THE WEST. 380 00:25:49,722 --> 00:25:53,431 IT WAS PART OF A MESSAGE OF HOPE FOR ALL INDIAN PEOPLES 381 00:25:53,456 --> 00:25:56,595 BEING PREACHED BY A PAIUTE MEDICINE MAN AND PROPHET 382 00:25:56,620 --> 00:25:58,250 NAMED WOVOKA. 383 00:26:00,398 --> 00:26:04,940 MY BROTHERS, I BRING YOU WORD FROM YOUR FATHERS THE GHOSTS 384 00:26:04,965 --> 00:26:07,525 THAT THEY ARE MARCHING NOW TO JOIN YOU, 385 00:26:08,833 --> 00:26:10,639 LED BY THE MESSIAH 386 00:26:10,664 --> 00:26:13,564 WHO CAME ONCE TO LIVE ON EARTH WITH THE WHITE MAN 387 00:26:13,589 --> 00:26:15,759 BUT WAS KILLED BY THEM. 388 00:26:17,337 --> 00:26:19,783 I BRING TO YOU THE PROMISE OF A DAY 389 00:26:19,808 --> 00:26:21,501 IN WHICH THERE WILL BE NO WHITE MAN 390 00:26:21,526 --> 00:26:25,686 TO LAY HIS HAND ON THE BRIDLE OF THE INDIAN’S HORSE, 391 00:26:25,711 --> 00:26:29,361 WHEN THE RED MEN OF THE PRAIRIE WILL RULE THE WORLD -- 392 00:26:31,315 --> 00:26:32,892 WOVOKA. 393 00:26:36,249 --> 00:26:38,666 Narrator: WOVOKA’S GOSPEL OF SALVATION 394 00:26:38,691 --> 00:26:41,911 WAS FILLED WITH CHRISTIAN, AS WELL AS INDIAN, ELEMENTS. 395 00:26:43,417 --> 00:26:46,205 MEN AND WOMEN WERE FIRST TO PURIFY THEMSELVES 396 00:26:46,230 --> 00:26:49,275 AND FORESWEAR ALCOHOL AND VIOLENCE. 397 00:26:51,041 --> 00:26:53,900 THEN THEY WERE TO DANCE IN A LARGE CIRCLE, 398 00:26:53,925 --> 00:26:55,452 CHANTING AND APPEALING 399 00:26:55,477 --> 00:26:58,177 TO THE SPIRITS OF THEIR ANCESTORS. 400 00:26:59,958 --> 00:27:03,845 WHEN THEY DID, WOVOKA PROMISED, THE WHITES WOULD VANISH, 401 00:27:03,870 --> 00:27:07,447 THE BUFFALO WOULD COVER THE EARTH AGAIN. 402 00:27:10,145 --> 00:27:14,572 Man: THE GHOST DANCE, I THINK, WAS A DESPERATE PRAYER. 403 00:27:15,565 --> 00:27:19,455 THEY THOUGHT THAT, WELL, IT MAY BE POSSIBLE 404 00:27:20,015 --> 00:27:22,126 {\an8}THAT ALL OF THIS HAS BEEN A BAD DREAM 405 00:27:22,151 --> 00:27:23,626 {\an8}OR ALL OF THIS IS PASSING, 406 00:27:23,651 --> 00:27:26,371 AND THERE WILL BE THE RESTORATION 407 00:27:26,396 --> 00:27:28,283 OF THE WORLD WE KNEW AND LOVED. 408 00:27:29,079 --> 00:27:32,189 Narrator: LIKE MOST INDIANS, SITTING BULL REMAINED SKEPTICAL 409 00:27:32,214 --> 00:27:34,611 OF THE CEREMONY’S PROMISED POWERS. 410 00:27:35,452 --> 00:27:36,189 BUT HE AGREED 411 00:27:36,214 --> 00:27:39,619 TO LET THE GHOST DANCE BE TAUGHT TO THOSE PEOPLE AT STANDING ROCK 412 00:27:39,644 --> 00:27:41,254 WHO WANTED TO LEARN IT. 413 00:27:42,337 --> 00:27:44,626 IN THE LAKOTA VERSION OF THE CEREMONY, 414 00:27:44,651 --> 00:27:46,881 THE DANCERS WORE SPECIAL SHIRTS, 415 00:27:46,906 --> 00:27:50,869 SAID TO BE STRONGER THAN THE WHITE MAN’S BULLETS. 416 00:27:54,494 --> 00:27:57,369 THE PEOPLE, WEARING THE SACRED SHIRTS AND FEATHERS, 417 00:27:57,394 --> 00:27:59,712 NOW FORMED A RING. 418 00:27:59,737 --> 00:28:03,509 WE BOYS WERE IN IT. ALL JOINED HANDS. 419 00:28:03,534 --> 00:28:05,853 EVERYONE WAS RESPECTFUL AND QUIET, 420 00:28:05,878 --> 00:28:10,087 EXPECTING SOMETHING WONDERFUL TO HAPPEN. 421 00:28:10,112 --> 00:28:13,416 THE LEADERS BEAT TIME AND SANG AS THE PEOPLE DANCED, 422 00:28:13,441 --> 00:28:17,251 GOING ROUND TO THE LEFT IN A SIDEWISE STEP. 423 00:28:21,987 --> 00:28:26,048 OCCASIONALLY, SOMEONE FELL UNCONSCIOUS INTO THE CENTER. 424 00:28:27,164 --> 00:28:30,767 AS EACH ONE CAME TO, SHE OR HE SLOWLY SAT UP 425 00:28:30,792 --> 00:28:34,012 AND LOOKED ABOUT, BEWILDERED, 426 00:28:34,037 --> 00:28:37,916 AND THEN BEGAN WAILING INCONSOLABLY. 427 00:28:37,941 --> 00:28:41,048 [ DRUM BEATS AND CHANTING ] 428 00:28:44,683 --> 00:28:50,172 PINE RIDGE AGENCY. NOVEMBER 12, 1890. 429 00:28:50,197 --> 00:28:53,111 WE NEED PROTECTION, AND WE NEED IT NOW. 430 00:28:53,136 --> 00:28:57,931 INDIANS ARE DANCING IN THE SNOW AND ARE WILD AND CRAZY. 431 00:28:57,956 --> 00:28:59,587 THE LEADERS SHOULD BE ARRESTED 432 00:28:59,612 --> 00:29:01,587 AND CONFINED AT SOME MILITARY POST 433 00:29:01,612 --> 00:29:03,564 UNTIL THE MATTER IS QUIETED, 434 00:29:03,589 --> 00:29:05,369 AND THIS SHOULD BE DONE AT ONCE -- 435 00:29:06,105 --> 00:29:08,298 DANIEL F. ROYER. 436 00:29:11,136 --> 00:29:12,650 Narrator: RESPONDING TO THE PLEAS 437 00:29:12,675 --> 00:29:14,416 OF A FRIGHTENED INDIAN AGENT, 438 00:29:14,441 --> 00:29:17,619 WASHINGTON DISPATCHED GENERAL NELSON A. MILES 439 00:29:17,644 --> 00:29:21,720 WITH 5,000 TROOPS, INCLUDING THE SEVENTH CAVALRY, 440 00:29:21,745 --> 00:29:23,392 CUSTER’S OLD COMMAND. 441 00:29:25,319 --> 00:29:28,478 AT PINE RIDGE AND ROSEBUD IN SOUTH DAKOTA, 442 00:29:28,509 --> 00:29:29,740 THE GHOST DANCERS FEARED 443 00:29:29,765 --> 00:29:32,251 THAT THE SOLDIERS HAD COME TO ATTACK THEM 444 00:29:32,276 --> 00:29:36,319 AND FLED TO A REMOTE PLATEAU SURROUNDED BY CLIFFS 445 00:29:36,344 --> 00:29:40,439 WHICH NERVOUS WHITES SOON BEGAN CALLING "THE STRONGHOLD." 446 00:29:43,092 --> 00:29:47,134 MEANWHILE, AT THE STANDING ROCK RESERVATION IN NORTH DAKOTA, 447 00:29:47,159 --> 00:29:48,587 INDIAN POLICE, 448 00:29:48,612 --> 00:29:51,642 CHARGED WITH KEEPING PEACE AMONG THEIR OWN PEOPLE, 449 00:29:51,667 --> 00:29:53,697 HEARD A RUMOR THAT SITTING BULL 450 00:29:53,722 --> 00:29:56,212 WAS ABOUT TO JOIN THE GHOST DANCERS. 451 00:29:58,368 --> 00:30:00,337 FORTY-THREE LAKOTA POLICEMEN 452 00:30:00,362 --> 00:30:03,220 WERE DISPATCHED TO BRING SITTING BULL IN. 453 00:30:04,367 --> 00:30:08,666 TWO TROOPS OF U.S. CAVALRY FOLLOWED AT A DISTANCE. 454 00:30:10,791 --> 00:30:14,689 BEFORE DAWN ON DECEMBER 15, 1890, 455 00:30:14,714 --> 00:30:17,548 THE POLICE BURST INTO SITTING BULL’S HOUSE, 456 00:30:18,310 --> 00:30:22,158 ORDERED HIM TO HIS FEET, AND PUSHED HIM TOWARD THE DOOR. 457 00:30:22,487 --> 00:30:26,482 OUTSIDE, SITTING BULL’S FOLLOWERS BEGAN TO GATHER, 458 00:30:26,507 --> 00:30:28,398 TAUNTING THE LAKOTA POLICE, 459 00:30:28,423 --> 00:30:31,365 VOWING TO KEEP THEM FROM TAKING THEIR LEADER. 460 00:30:32,365 --> 00:30:37,273 SITTING BULL HESITATED, UNSURE OF WHAT TO DO. 461 00:30:37,298 --> 00:30:39,763 THEN, ONE OF HIS SUPPORTERS RAISED HIS RIFLE 462 00:30:39,788 --> 00:30:42,818 AND SHOT ONE OF THE POLICEMEN. 463 00:30:42,843 --> 00:30:44,599 BOTH SIDES BEGAN FIRING. 464 00:30:45,800 --> 00:30:47,397 [ GUNSHOTS ] 465 00:30:47,422 --> 00:30:50,997 A LAKOTA POLICEMAN PUT A BULLET THROUGH SITTING BULL’S HEAD. 466 00:30:51,022 --> 00:30:52,427 [ GUNSHOT ] 467 00:30:55,868 --> 00:31:00,134 THE LAST OF HIS GREAT VISIONS HAD COME TO PASS -- 468 00:31:00,159 --> 00:31:03,701 SITTING BULL HAD BEEN KILLED BY HIS OWN PEOPLE. 469 00:31:20,717 --> 00:31:22,888 Black Elk: MY GRANDFATHER’S MOTHER 470 00:31:22,913 --> 00:31:26,879 WAS ONE OF THE PEOPLE WHO WAS FROM SITTING BULL’S CAMP. 471 00:31:26,904 --> 00:31:30,238 AND MY GRANDFATHER WOULD TELL ME 472 00:31:30,263 --> 00:31:32,794 THAT WHEN SITTING BULL WAS KILLED, 473 00:31:32,819 --> 00:31:35,185 THEY HAD VERY FEW HORSES, 474 00:31:35,246 --> 00:31:38,208 SO THE FEW HORSES THEY HAD, THEY PUT THE YOUNG CHILDREN ON, 475 00:31:38,233 --> 00:31:41,383 AND THEY WALKED TO BIG FOOT’S CAMP, 476 00:31:42,325 --> 00:31:45,177 AND THAT SHE WEPT AS SHE WALKED. 477 00:31:45,863 --> 00:31:47,083 AND SHE WEPT NOT ONLY 478 00:31:47,108 --> 00:31:49,638 FOR SITTING BULL BEING KILLED THE WAY HE WAS, 479 00:31:50,287 --> 00:31:55,055 {\an8}BUT ALSO WEPT BECAUSE SHE FEARED 480 00:31:55,080 --> 00:31:58,357 THAT SHE WOULD NOT LIVE TO HAVE CHILDREN. 481 00:31:58,382 --> 00:32:02,162 AND IF SHE DID HAVE CHILDREN, WOULD THEY BE LAKOTA? 482 00:32:04,087 --> 00:32:06,240 Narrator: SITTING BULL’S GRIEVING FOLLOWERS 483 00:32:06,265 --> 00:32:08,823 FLED TOWARD THE CHEYENNE RIVER RESERVATION 484 00:32:08,848 --> 00:32:10,779 WHERE THEY JOINED A MINICONJOU BAND 485 00:32:10,804 --> 00:32:13,372 LED BY A CHIEF NAMED "BIG FOOT." 486 00:32:14,309 --> 00:32:17,577 HE HAD ONCE BEEN AN ENTHUSIASTIC GHOST DANCER, 487 00:32:17,602 --> 00:32:19,365 BUT HE WAS NO LONGER CERTAIN 488 00:32:19,390 --> 00:32:22,090 THAT THE WORLD WOULD BE TRANSFORMED. 489 00:32:23,385 --> 00:32:26,857 BIG FOOT DECIDED TO TAKE HIS BAND INTO PINE RIDGE 490 00:32:26,882 --> 00:32:30,333 AND SEE IF THERE WASN’T SOME WAY TO RECONCILE THINGS. 491 00:32:33,180 --> 00:32:36,771 BUT GENERAL MILES MISUNDERSTOOD WHAT BIG FOOT WAS DOING 492 00:32:36,796 --> 00:32:40,380 AND ORDERED THE SEVENTH CAVALRY UNDER COLONEL JOHN FORSYTH 493 00:32:40,405 --> 00:32:42,279 TO INTERCEPT HIM. 494 00:32:44,288 --> 00:32:48,271 THEY CAUGHT UP WITH BIG FOOT THREE DAYS AFTER CHRISTMAS. 495 00:32:48,296 --> 00:32:50,419 THE CHIEF WAS RIDING IN A WAGON, 496 00:32:50,444 --> 00:32:53,357 TOO ILL WITH PNEUMONIA EVEN TO SIT UP, 497 00:32:54,249 --> 00:32:58,982 BUT HE FLEW A WHITE FLAG TO SHOW HIS PEACEFUL INTENTIONS. 498 00:33:03,643 --> 00:33:07,146 THE SOLDIERS TRANSFERRED BIG FOOT TO AN ARMY AMBULANCE 499 00:33:07,171 --> 00:33:10,927 AND THEN LED HIS BAND DOWN TO A LITTLE CREEK FOR THE NIGHT. 500 00:33:11,910 --> 00:33:14,271 IT WAS CALLED WOUNDED KNEE. 501 00:33:17,490 --> 00:33:22,052 THERE WERE 120 MEN AND 230 WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 502 00:33:23,080 --> 00:33:25,536 THE SOLDIERS DISTRIBUTED RATIONS. 503 00:33:26,354 --> 00:33:29,177 AN ARMY DOCTOR DID WHAT HE COULD FOR BIG FOOT. 504 00:33:31,641 --> 00:33:34,677 BUT THE SOLDIERS ALSO POSTED FOUR CANNON 505 00:33:34,702 --> 00:33:37,646 ON THE TOP OF A RISE OVERLOOKING THE CAMP. 506 00:33:40,596 --> 00:33:43,505 THE FOLLOWING MORNING THERE WAS A BUGLE CALL. 507 00:33:43,530 --> 00:33:45,701 THEN I SAW THE SOLDIERS MOUNTING THEIR HORSES 508 00:33:45,726 --> 00:33:46,974 AND SURROUNDING US. 509 00:33:47,913 --> 00:33:50,216 IT WAS ANNOUNCED THAT ALL MEN SHOULD COME TO THE CENTER 510 00:33:50,241 --> 00:33:52,044 FOR A TALK. 511 00:33:52,069 --> 00:33:54,638 BIG FOOT WAS BROUGHT OUT OF HIS TENT AND SAT, 512 00:33:54,663 --> 00:33:57,130 AND THE OLDER MEN WERE GATHERED AROUND HIM -- 513 00:33:58,117 --> 00:33:59,847 DEWEY BEARD. 514 00:34:01,346 --> 00:34:02,458 Narrator: CHARLES ALLEN, 515 00:34:02,483 --> 00:34:05,013 A REPORTER FOR A NEBRASKA NEWSPAPER, 516 00:34:05,038 --> 00:34:07,208 WATCHED FROM THE HILLTOP. 517 00:34:08,704 --> 00:34:10,044 Allen: AT THE SOUTHEAST EDGE 518 00:34:10,069 --> 00:34:11,990 OF THE GROUP OF STANDING INDIANS, 519 00:34:12,015 --> 00:34:14,505 THERE WAS A FAIR-SIZED PLAT OF GRASS 520 00:34:15,413 --> 00:34:18,193 WHERE, IN ALL THE EXUBERANCE OF EARLY YOUTH, 521 00:34:18,218 --> 00:34:20,318 WERE EIGHT OR TEN INDIAN BOYS 522 00:34:20,343 --> 00:34:23,521 DRESSED IN THE GRAY SCHOOL UNIFORMS OF THAT PERIOD. 523 00:34:24,181 --> 00:34:25,821 THE FUN THEY WERE HAVING 524 00:34:25,846 --> 00:34:30,138 AS THEY PLAYED "BUCKING HORSE," "LEAP FROG," AND SIMILAR GAMES, 525 00:34:30,163 --> 00:34:32,693 CARRIED THE MIND FOR A FLEETING MOMENT 526 00:34:32,718 --> 00:34:34,802 BACK TO THE DAYS OF BOYHOOD. 527 00:34:39,450 --> 00:34:42,365 Narrator: TROOPS BEGAN MOVING FROM TEPEE TO TEPEE, 528 00:34:42,390 --> 00:34:45,247 CONFISCATING KNIVES AND AXES FROM THE WOMEN, 529 00:34:45,272 --> 00:34:47,294 SOMETIMES SEIZING A RIFLE. 530 00:34:49,148 --> 00:34:52,049 A MEDICINE MAN BEGAN TO DANCE. 531 00:34:52,074 --> 00:34:54,529 "DO NOT FEAR," HE TOLD THE WARRIORS, 532 00:34:54,554 --> 00:34:57,110 "BUT LET YOUR HEARTS BE STRONG. 533 00:34:57,135 --> 00:35:00,385 "MANY SOLDIERS ARE ABOUT US AND HAVE MANY BULLETS, 534 00:35:00,410 --> 00:35:01,365 "BUT I AM ASSURED 535 00:35:01,390 --> 00:35:03,911 THE BULLETS CANNOT PENETRATE US." 536 00:35:06,322 --> 00:35:09,443 Allen: SUDDENLY, SCOOPING UP A HANDFUL OF DIRT 537 00:35:09,468 --> 00:35:11,951 HE TOSSED IT SCATTERING IN THE AIR, 538 00:35:11,976 --> 00:35:14,083 AND WITH EYES TURNED TOWARD HEAVEN, 539 00:35:14,108 --> 00:35:18,978 IMPLORED THE GREAT SPIRIT TO SCATTER THE SOLDIERS LIKEWISE. 540 00:35:20,523 --> 00:35:22,302 Man: ALMOST SIMULTANEOUSLY 541 00:35:22,327 --> 00:35:26,918 WITH HIM THROWING A HANDFUL OF DIRT INTO THE AIR, 542 00:35:26,943 --> 00:35:30,326 SOLDIERS TRIED TO DISARM A MAN WHO WAS DEAF. 543 00:35:30,351 --> 00:35:33,436 {\an8}AND HE HUNG ON TO HIS RIFLE, 544 00:35:33,461 --> 00:35:35,224 {\an8}AND THEY KIND OF STRUGGLED OVER IT, 545 00:35:35,249 --> 00:35:36,638 {\an8}AND IT WENT OFF. 546 00:35:36,663 --> 00:35:40,119 THESE TWO THINGS HAPPENED AT THE SAME TIME AND -- BANG. 547 00:35:40,144 --> 00:35:42,918 I MEAN, IT JUST BLEW EVERYTHING UP. 548 00:35:42,943 --> 00:35:46,365 [ GUNSHOTS ] 549 00:35:46,390 --> 00:35:49,149 Narrator: THE SOLDIERS OPENED FIRE -- 550 00:35:49,174 --> 00:35:50,427 WITH RIFLES... 551 00:35:50,460 --> 00:35:52,247 REVOLVERS... 552 00:35:52,573 --> 00:35:55,099 AND FINALLY, THE CANNON 553 00:35:55,124 --> 00:35:58,279 THAT HURLED EXPLODING SHELLS INTO THE TEPEES. 554 00:35:59,555 --> 00:36:02,326 THE LAKOTAS DID THEIR BEST TO FIGHT BACK. 555 00:36:02,351 --> 00:36:04,107 [ GUNSHOTS CONTINUE ] 556 00:36:11,795 --> 00:36:14,224 WHEN THE SHOOTING FINALLY STOPPED, 557 00:36:14,249 --> 00:36:18,544 SOME 250 MEN, WOMEN, AND CHILDREN WERE DEAD. 558 00:36:22,476 --> 00:36:25,372 Allen: I WALKED AROUND VIEWING THE SAD SPECTACLE. 559 00:36:26,395 --> 00:36:28,122 ON REACHING THE CORNER OF THE GREEN 560 00:36:28,147 --> 00:36:31,294 WHERE THE SCHOOLBOYS HAD BEEN SO HAPPY IN THEIR SPORTS 561 00:36:31,319 --> 00:36:33,483 BUT A SHORT TIME BEFORE, 562 00:36:33,508 --> 00:36:36,694 THERE WAS SPREAD BEFORE ME THE SADDEST PICTURE I HAD SEEN 563 00:36:36,719 --> 00:36:38,889 OR WAS TO SEE THEREAFTER, 564 00:36:39,952 --> 00:36:42,802 FOR ON THAT SPOT OF THEIR PLAYFUL CHOICE 565 00:36:42,827 --> 00:36:45,271 WERE SCATTERED THE PROSTRATE BODIES 566 00:36:45,296 --> 00:36:49,626 OF ALL THOSE FINE, LITTLE INDIAN BOYS, COLD IN DEATH. 567 00:36:51,245 --> 00:36:55,193 THE GUNFIRE HAD BLAZED ACROSS THEIR PLAYGROUND 568 00:36:55,218 --> 00:36:58,206 IN A WAY THAT PERMITTED NO ESCAPE. 569 00:36:58,231 --> 00:37:01,661 THEY MUST HAVE FALLEN LIKE GRASS BEFORE THE SICKLE. 570 00:37:06,329 --> 00:37:10,068 Narrator: DEAD, TOO, WERE 25 SOLDIERS. 571 00:37:11,396 --> 00:37:15,099 WOUNDED LAKOTAS AND WOUNDED SOLDIERS ALIKE 572 00:37:15,124 --> 00:37:17,943 WERE TAKEN TO THE HOLY CROSS EPISCOPAL CHURCH 573 00:37:17,968 --> 00:37:19,826 AT PINE RIDGE. 574 00:37:24,276 --> 00:37:28,505 ITS WALLS WERE STILL HUNG WITH CHRISTMAS DECORATIONS. 575 00:37:31,763 --> 00:37:34,583 Woman: PEWS WERE TORN FROM THEIR FASTENINGS 576 00:37:34,942 --> 00:37:38,732 AND ARMFULS OF HAY FETCHED BY INDIAN HELPERS. 577 00:37:40,872 --> 00:37:41,911 UPON A LAYER OF THIS, 578 00:37:41,936 --> 00:37:44,958 WE SPREAD QUILTS AND BLANKETS TAKEN FROM OUR OWN BEDS. 579 00:37:46,615 --> 00:37:50,388 THE VICTIMS WERE LIFTED AS GENTLY AS POSSIBLE 580 00:37:50,413 --> 00:37:53,318 AND LAID IN TWO LONG ROWS ON THE FLOOR -- 581 00:37:55,962 --> 00:38:00,033 A PATHETIC ARRAY OF YOUNG GIRLS AND WOMEN AND BABES IN ARMS, 582 00:38:00,058 --> 00:38:04,849 LITTLE CHILDREN, AND A FEW MEN, ALL PIERCED WITH BULLETS. 583 00:38:09,353 --> 00:38:10,513 Second Woman: A YOUNG GIRL, 584 00:38:10,538 --> 00:38:14,387 WHO HAD A GHOST SHIRT ON UNDERNEATH HER CLOTHES, SAID, 585 00:38:14,412 --> 00:38:16,310 "THEY TOLD ME IF I PUT THIS ON 586 00:38:16,335 --> 00:38:18,107 "THE BULLETS WOULD NOT GO THROUGH, 587 00:38:18,132 --> 00:38:19,752 "AND I BELIEVED THEM. 588 00:38:21,800 --> 00:38:24,240 NOW SEE WHERE WE ARE." 589 00:38:32,655 --> 00:38:33,826 Narrator: FOR SEVERAL DAYS, 590 00:38:33,851 --> 00:38:37,154 THE DEAD LAKOTAS WERE LEFT WHERE THEY HAD FALLEN, 591 00:38:37,179 --> 00:38:39,990 WHILE THE ARMY CONTENDED WITH SPORADIC FIGHTING 592 00:38:40,015 --> 00:38:42,068 THAT BROKE OUT ON THE RESERVATION. 593 00:38:44,598 --> 00:38:47,557 FINALLY, AFTER A HEAVY SNOWFALL, 594 00:38:47,582 --> 00:38:50,919 A BURIAL PARTY ARRIVED AT WOUNDED KNEE, 595 00:38:50,944 --> 00:38:54,857 DUG A PIT, AND DUMPED IN THE FROZEN BODIES. 596 00:39:05,417 --> 00:39:08,872 Momaday: IN THE SHINE OF PHOTOGRAPHS ARE THE SLAIN, 597 00:39:08,897 --> 00:39:13,966 FROZEN AND BLACK ON A SIMPLE FIELD OF SNOW. 598 00:39:13,991 --> 00:39:15,591 THEY IMAGE CEREMONY. 599 00:39:16,857 --> 00:39:23,327 WOMEN AND CHILDREN DANCING, OLD MEN PRANCING, MAKING FUN. 600 00:39:24,523 --> 00:39:26,629 IN AUTUMN, THERE WERE SONGS, 601 00:39:26,654 --> 00:39:29,371 LONG SINCE MUTED IN THE BLIZZARD. 602 00:39:30,318 --> 00:39:35,957 IN SUMMER, THE WILD BUCKWHEAT SHONE LIKE FOXFUR AND QUILLWORK. 603 00:39:35,982 --> 00:39:38,802 AND DUST GUTTERED ON THE CREEK. 604 00:39:40,980 --> 00:39:44,380 NOW IN SERENE ATTITUDES OF DANCE, 605 00:39:44,917 --> 00:39:50,833 THE DEAD IN GLOSSY DEATH ARE DRAWN IN ANCIENT LIGHT. 606 00:39:54,713 --> 00:39:58,126 Narrator: ON JANUARY 15, 1891, 607 00:39:58,151 --> 00:40:00,708 THE 4,000 REMAINING GHOST DANCERS 608 00:40:00,733 --> 00:40:03,755 FINALLY SURRENDERED TO GENERAL MILES. 609 00:40:04,791 --> 00:40:09,490 ARMED INDIAN RESISTANCE IN THE WEST HAD ENDED. 610 00:40:10,691 --> 00:40:13,896 [ DRUM BEATS ] 611 00:40:29,774 --> 00:40:32,372 Man: WOUNDED KNEE HAPPENED YESTERDAY. 612 00:40:32,397 --> 00:40:37,228 FOR LAKOTA PEOPLE, WOUNDED KNEE IS TODAY. 613 00:40:37,253 --> 00:40:41,177 WOUNDED KNEE REPRESENTS ALL THE FRUSTRATIONS 614 00:40:41,202 --> 00:40:44,560 OF THOSE YEARS AND YEARS AND YEARS ON THE RESERVATION. 615 00:40:44,585 --> 00:40:47,035 EVEN THOUGH IT HAPPENED IN 1890, 616 00:40:47,060 --> 00:40:50,403 IT’S FRESH IN LAKOTA PEOPLE’S MINDS 617 00:40:50,428 --> 00:40:52,519 AND IN THEIR HEARTS. 618 00:40:52,544 --> 00:40:55,711 {\an8}THAT TRAGEDY, THAT DESTRUCTION, 619 00:40:55,736 --> 00:40:57,808 {\an8}THAT DEVASTATING THING THAT HAPPENED TO THEM, 620 00:40:57,833 --> 00:40:59,707 IT EXISTS TODAY. 621 00:40:59,732 --> 00:41:01,753 IT EXISTS IN OUR HEARTS AND OUR MINDS -- 622 00:41:01,778 --> 00:41:03,363 THE WAY WE THINK WHEN WE SEE ABOUT, 623 00:41:03,388 --> 00:41:05,972 WHEN WE TALK ABOUT INDIAN/WHITE RELATIONS -- 624 00:41:05,997 --> 00:41:08,154 THAT’S THE FIRST THING THAT COMES TO MIND. 625 00:41:08,179 --> 00:41:10,349 WE’LL NEVER FORGET WOUNDED KNEE. 626 00:41:27,062 --> 00:41:28,097 I KNOW A LAND 627 00:41:28,122 --> 00:41:32,462 WHERE THE GRAY HILLS LIE ETERNALLY STILL UNDER THE SKY, 628 00:41:33,655 --> 00:41:36,589 WHERE ALL THE MIGHT OF SUNS AND MOONS 629 00:41:36,614 --> 00:41:39,527 THAT PASS IN THE QUIET OF NIGHTS AND NOONS 630 00:41:39,552 --> 00:41:43,410 LEAVE NEVER A SIGN OF THE FLIGHT OF TIME 631 00:41:43,435 --> 00:41:47,003 ON THE LONG, SUBLIME HORIZON LINE -- 632 00:41:48,143 --> 00:41:50,313 ETHEL WAXHAM. 633 00:41:55,079 --> 00:41:57,667 Narrator: ON OCTOBER 20, 1905, 634 00:41:57,692 --> 00:42:01,128 THE RAWLINS-TO-LANDER STAGECOACH RATTLED NORTH 635 00:42:01,153 --> 00:42:04,371 TOWARD THE SWEETWATER RIVER IN CENTRAL WYOMING. 636 00:42:06,045 --> 00:42:08,904 ON BOARD WAS AN UNUSUAL PASSENGER, 637 00:42:08,929 --> 00:42:12,089 A 23-YEAR-OLD NAMED ETHEL WAXHAM. 638 00:42:12,972 --> 00:42:17,190 SHE WAS A CITY GIRL FROM DENVER, A GRADUATE OF WELLESLEY COLLEGE 639 00:42:17,215 --> 00:42:19,972 WHO HAD SPENT A SUMMER DOING VOLUNTEER WORK 640 00:42:19,997 --> 00:42:21,949 IN THE SLUMS OF NEW YORK. 641 00:42:23,396 --> 00:42:27,289 SCHOOLED IN FOUR LANGUAGES, SHE DABBLED IN POETRY, 642 00:42:27,314 --> 00:42:30,300 ENJOYED STAGING AMATEUR THEATRICALS, 643 00:42:30,325 --> 00:42:33,503 AND WAS VORACIOUSLY CURIOUS ABOUT THE WORLD. 644 00:42:35,754 --> 00:42:37,367 JUST A FEW WEEKS EARLIER, 645 00:42:37,392 --> 00:42:40,425 SHE HAD BEEN OFFERED HER FIRST FULL-TIME JOB 646 00:42:40,450 --> 00:42:43,714 AS A TEACHER IN A REMOTE ONE-ROOM SCHOOL 647 00:42:43,739 --> 00:42:46,206 IN THE CENTER OF WYOMING. 648 00:42:47,340 --> 00:42:50,777 Man: MY MOTHER, WHO WAS ALWAYS GREAT FOR ADVENTURE, 649 00:42:50,802 --> 00:42:53,492 DECIDED THAT SHE WOULD TAKE THE JOB. 650 00:42:54,626 --> 00:42:57,417 OF COURSE, THE ADVENTURE STARTED 651 00:42:57,794 --> 00:42:59,913 {\an8}WHEN THE MILLS FAMILY, 652 00:42:59,938 --> 00:43:01,152 {\an8}WITH WHOM SHE WOULD LIVE 653 00:43:01,177 --> 00:43:04,574 AND WHOSE THREE CHILDREN SHE WOULD TEACH, 654 00:43:04,599 --> 00:43:08,892 AND WROTE HER AND TOLD HER WHAT THINGS TO BRING 655 00:43:08,917 --> 00:43:12,191 AND WHAT KIND OF CLOTHING AND WHAT TO EXPECT. 656 00:43:13,864 --> 00:43:19,347 BUT THERE WAS NO MENTION OF HOW BEAUTIFUL THE RANCH WAS, 657 00:43:19,372 --> 00:43:23,175 AND WHAT THE SCENERY WAS LIKE, AND WHAT THE PEOPLE WERE LIKE. 658 00:43:23,200 --> 00:43:25,033 SO, ALL THOSE THINGS 659 00:43:25,058 --> 00:43:29,398 WERE A SURPRISE AND A REVELATION TO HER. 660 00:43:30,101 --> 00:43:32,738 Narrator: SHE MOVED INTO THE RED BLUFF RANCH 661 00:43:32,763 --> 00:43:35,019 AND STARTED RECORDING HER OBSERVATIONS 662 00:43:35,044 --> 00:43:38,854 OF THE REMARKABLE NEW LIFE SHE HAD BEGUN TO LEAD. 663 00:43:42,081 --> 00:43:45,558 Waxham: AT LAST, WE SAW THE LITTLE SCHOOL HOUSE OF LOGS -- 664 00:43:45,583 --> 00:43:48,519 14’ BY 16’, WITH A GOOD SOD ROOF. 665 00:43:50,058 --> 00:43:51,925 THE WHOLE WAS PUT UP, I BELIEVE, 666 00:43:51,950 --> 00:43:56,177 AT AN ORIGINAL EXPENDITURE OF $75. 667 00:43:56,202 --> 00:43:59,261 THE DOOR HAS HAD SOME PASSERBY’S SIX-SHOOTER 668 00:43:59,286 --> 00:44:00,926 EMPTIED INTO IT. 669 00:44:03,070 --> 00:44:08,636 Narrator: SHE BEGAN TEACHING -- 7 STUDENTS IN ALL, AGES 8 TO 16. 670 00:44:09,722 --> 00:44:12,373 Waxham: THE FIRST 15 MINUTES OR HALF-HOUR 671 00:44:12,398 --> 00:44:14,816 ARE GIVEN TO READING "UNCLE TOM’S CABIN" 672 00:44:14,841 --> 00:44:15,972 OR "KIDNAPPED," 673 00:44:15,997 --> 00:44:19,613 WHILE WE ALL SIT ABOUT THE STOVE TO KEEP WARM. 674 00:44:19,638 --> 00:44:21,535 USUALLY, IN THE MIDDLE OF THE READING, 675 00:44:21,560 --> 00:44:24,466 THE SOUND OF A HORSE GALLOPING DOWN THE FROZEN ROAD 676 00:44:24,491 --> 00:44:27,198 DISTRACTS THE ATTENTION OF THE BOYS, 677 00:44:27,223 --> 00:44:29,558 UNTIL A FEW MOMENTS LATER, 678 00:44:29,583 --> 00:44:33,148 6-FOOT GEORGE SCHLICHTING OPENS THE DOOR, 679 00:44:33,173 --> 00:44:34,982 A SACK OF OATS IN ONE HAND, 680 00:44:35,007 --> 00:44:38,121 HIS LUNCH TIED UP IN A DISHRAG IN THE OTHER. 681 00:44:38,146 --> 00:44:40,331 COLD FROM HIS 5-MILE RIDE, 682 00:44:40,356 --> 00:44:43,105 HE SITS DOWN ON THE FLOOR BY THE STOVE, 683 00:44:43,130 --> 00:44:46,996 UNBUCKLES HIS SPURS, PULLS OFF HIS LEATHER CHAPS, 684 00:44:47,021 --> 00:44:51,113 UNWINDS THREE RED HANDKERCHIEFS FROM ABOUT HIS NECK AND EARS, 685 00:44:51,138 --> 00:44:54,816 TAKES OFF ONE OR TWO COATS, ACCORDING TO THE TEMPERATURE, 686 00:44:54,841 --> 00:44:57,300 AND STRAIGHTENING HIS LEATHER CUFFS, 687 00:44:57,325 --> 00:44:59,055 IS READY FOR BUSINESS. 688 00:45:02,160 --> 00:45:05,621 Narrator: VISITORS TO THE RANCH WHERE ETHEL LIVED WERE FEW -- 689 00:45:05,646 --> 00:45:08,399 SOMETIMES NO ONE FOR DAYS. 690 00:45:08,424 --> 00:45:11,996 BUT AMONG THOSE WHO CAME BY WITH INCREASING REGULARITY, 691 00:45:12,021 --> 00:45:14,753 DESPITE A DIFFICULT 11-HOUR RIDE, 692 00:45:14,778 --> 00:45:18,558 WAS A RUGGED SHEEP RANCHER NAMED JOHN GALLOWAY LOVE. 693 00:45:20,304 --> 00:45:24,738 Waxham: MR. LOVE IS A SCOTCHMAN ABOUT 35 YEARS OLD. 694 00:45:24,763 --> 00:45:26,187 HIS FACE WAS KINDLY, 695 00:45:26,212 --> 00:45:29,113 WITH SHREWD, BLUE, TWINKLING EYES. 696 00:45:29,919 --> 00:45:33,691 BUT HIS VOICE WAS MOST PECULIAR AND CHARACTERISTIC. 697 00:45:34,332 --> 00:45:37,032 CLOSE ANALYSIS FAILS TO FIND THE CHARM OF IT -- 698 00:45:37,525 --> 00:45:40,775 A LITTLE SCOTCH DIALECT, A LITTLE SLOW DRAWL, 699 00:45:40,800 --> 00:45:43,061 A LITTLE NASAL QUALITY, 700 00:45:43,086 --> 00:45:46,336 AND A TONE AS IF HE WERE SPEAKING OUT OF DOORS. 701 00:45:47,087 --> 00:45:49,081 HE IS FULL OF QUAINT TURNS OF SPEECH 702 00:45:49,106 --> 00:45:51,113 AND UNUSUAL EXPRESSIONS. 703 00:45:51,138 --> 00:45:53,652 FOR HE IS NOT A COMMON SHEEPHERDER, IT IS SAID, 704 00:45:53,677 --> 00:45:57,089 BUT A SHEEP BARON, OR "MUTTON-AIRE." 705 00:45:58,601 --> 00:46:00,746 Love: MY FATHER WAS UNMARRIED, 706 00:46:00,771 --> 00:46:04,249 AND HE WAS BEGINNING TO MAKE A LITTLE MONEY, 707 00:46:04,274 --> 00:46:06,417 AND HE WANTED A WIFE. 708 00:46:06,442 --> 00:46:11,478 AND HERE WAS THIS BEAUTIFUL SCHOOLMARM, 709 00:46:11,503 --> 00:46:16,261 AND SO OF COURSE HE FELL IN LOVE WITH HER, 710 00:46:16,286 --> 00:46:20,626 BUT SHE DID NOT FALL IN LOVE WITH HIM. 711 00:46:21,369 --> 00:46:26,386 NO BELLS AND WHISTLES RANG, BUT SHE WAS INTRIGUED. 712 00:46:28,034 --> 00:46:30,371 Narrator: JOHN LOVE WAS BORN IN WISCONSIN 713 00:46:30,396 --> 00:46:32,026 TO SCOTTISH PARENTS. 714 00:46:32,587 --> 00:46:36,699 HE WAS BRIGHT AND RESOURCEFUL, BUT HIGH-SPIRITED, 715 00:46:36,724 --> 00:46:38,300 AND GOT HIMSELF EXPELLED 716 00:46:38,325 --> 00:46:41,863 FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA IN 1891. 717 00:46:42,886 --> 00:46:45,808 THEN, HE HAD INVESTED WHAT LITTLE MONEY HE HAD 718 00:46:45,833 --> 00:46:49,933 IN TWO HORSES AND A BUGGY, AND HEADED FOR WYOMING. 719 00:46:49,958 --> 00:46:53,621 WHEN HIS HORSES DIED AFTER DRINKING POISONED WATER, 720 00:46:53,646 --> 00:46:55,339 LOVE ABANDONED HIS BELONGINGS 721 00:46:55,364 --> 00:46:58,027 AND WENT THE LAST 100 MILES ON FOOT. 722 00:47:00,238 --> 00:47:04,535 SINCE THEN, HE HAD SPENT SEVEN YEARS ON THE RANGE 723 00:47:04,560 --> 00:47:08,644 HERDING OTHER PEOPLE’S SHEEP, CARING FOR THEIR CATTLE, 724 00:47:08,669 --> 00:47:12,339 SAVING UP ENOUGH MONEY TO START A SHEEP RANCH OF HIS OWN 725 00:47:12,364 --> 00:47:16,222 ON A TREELESS STRETCH OF LAND ALONG MUSKRAT CREEK. 726 00:47:20,088 --> 00:47:21,831 Love: I HAVE ASKED HIM MANY TIMES 727 00:47:21,856 --> 00:47:26,560 WHY THAT GODFORSAKEN COUNTRY WOULD BE HIS HOME. 728 00:47:26,585 --> 00:47:29,699 HE KNEW ABOUT THE RED BLUFF RANCH 729 00:47:29,724 --> 00:47:33,652 AND OTHER PLACES ALONG THE WIND RIVER FRONT. 730 00:47:34,773 --> 00:47:39,160 BUT HE CHOSE THAT BECAUSE, AS HE SAID SIMPLY, 731 00:47:39,185 --> 00:47:41,691 HE NEEDED A LOT OF ROOM. 732 00:47:41,716 --> 00:47:44,436 HE WANTED HIS OUTFIT TO GROW. 733 00:47:45,796 --> 00:47:48,136 Narrator: ETHEL WAXHAM ENJOYED LOVE’S WIT 734 00:47:48,161 --> 00:47:52,607 AND HIS STORIES ABOUT RANCHING, BUT WHEN HE PROPOSED MARRIAGE, 735 00:47:52,632 --> 00:47:55,660 SHE TURNED HIM DOWN AND WENT ON WITH HER WORK. 736 00:47:56,492 --> 00:47:59,581 WHEN THE SCHOOL YEAR ENDED, ETHEL LEFT WYOMING 737 00:47:59,606 --> 00:48:01,964 AND ENTERED THE UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO 738 00:48:01,989 --> 00:48:05,933 AND BEGAN TO WORK TOWARD A MASTER’S DEGREE IN LITERATURE. 739 00:48:05,958 --> 00:48:08,678 THEN, LETTERS BEGAN TO ARRIVE. 740 00:48:11,770 --> 00:48:15,667 MUSKRAT, WYOMING. SEPTEMBER 12, 1906. 741 00:48:16,630 --> 00:48:18,365 DEAR MISS WAXHAM, 742 00:48:18,390 --> 00:48:21,378 OF COURSE IT WILL CAUSE MANY A SHARP TWINGE AND HEARTACHE 743 00:48:21,403 --> 00:48:24,058 TO HAVE TO TAKE "NO" FOR AN ANSWER, 744 00:48:24,083 --> 00:48:26,839 BUT I WILL NEVER BLAME YOU FOR IT IN THE LEAST, 745 00:48:26,864 --> 00:48:29,347 AND I WILL NEVER BE SORRY THAT I MET YOU. 746 00:48:30,201 --> 00:48:32,449 I WILL BE BETTER FOR HAVING KNOWN YOU. 747 00:48:35,341 --> 00:48:38,933 I KNOW THE FOLLY OF HOPING THAT YOUR "NO" IS NOT FINAL, 748 00:48:39,859 --> 00:48:41,785 BUT IN SPITE OF THAT KNOWLEDGE, 749 00:48:41,810 --> 00:48:44,545 I KNOW THAT I WILL HOPE 750 00:48:44,570 --> 00:48:48,019 UNTIL THE DAY THAT YOU ARE MARRIED. 751 00:48:48,044 --> 00:48:52,191 ONLY THEN I WILL KNOW THAT THE SENTENCE IS IRREVOCABLE. 752 00:48:53,772 --> 00:48:57,269 YOURS SINCERELY, JOHN G. LOVE. 753 00:49:00,566 --> 00:49:03,980 NOVEMBER 12, 1906. 754 00:49:04,706 --> 00:49:06,253 DEAR MISS WAXHAM, 755 00:49:06,278 --> 00:49:08,277 I KNOW THAT YOU HAVE NOT BEEN BROUGHT UP 756 00:49:08,302 --> 00:49:10,527 TO COOK AND LABOR. 757 00:49:10,552 --> 00:49:13,277 I HAVE NEVER BEEN ON THE LOOKOUT FOR A SLAVE 758 00:49:13,302 --> 00:49:15,550 AND WOULD NOT UTTER A WORD OF CENSURE 759 00:49:15,575 --> 00:49:17,735 IF YOU NEVER LEARNED, 760 00:49:18,411 --> 00:49:21,042 OR IF YOU GOT AMBITIOUS AND MADE A BATCH OF BISCUITS 761 00:49:21,067 --> 00:49:23,550 THAT PROVED FATAL TO MY FAVORITE DOG. 762 00:49:24,473 --> 00:49:27,574 I WILL DO MY LEVEL BEST TO WIN YOU, AND IF I FAIL, 763 00:49:27,599 --> 00:49:32,253 I WILL STILL WANT YOUR FRIENDSHIP JUST THE SAME. 764 00:49:33,253 --> 00:49:36,042 YOURS SINCERELY, JOHN G. LOVE. 765 00:49:39,168 --> 00:49:42,074 FEBRUARY 15, 1907. 766 00:49:43,083 --> 00:49:45,253 DEAR MR. LOVE, 767 00:49:45,278 --> 00:49:47,331 I AM FORTUNATE IN HAVING TWO LETTERS FROM YOU 768 00:49:47,356 --> 00:49:48,566 TO ANSWER IN ONE. 769 00:49:49,875 --> 00:49:53,003 THE DAYS HAVE BEEN COMPARATIVELY DULL. 770 00:49:53,028 --> 00:49:55,097 I AM TOO BUSY FOR DANCES HERE, 771 00:49:55,122 --> 00:49:57,842 IF I CARE TO GO, WHICH I DO NOT. 772 00:49:58,570 --> 00:50:00,386 THE SEVEN MONTHS I SPENT AT THE RANCH, 773 00:50:00,411 --> 00:50:03,671 I WOULD NOT EXCHANGE FOR ANY OTHER SEVEN MONTHS IN MY LIFE. 774 00:50:04,843 --> 00:50:06,683 THEY SEEM SHORTER THAN SEVEN WEEKS, 775 00:50:06,708 --> 00:50:08,769 EVEN SEVEN DAYS, HERE. 776 00:50:09,704 --> 00:50:12,941 SINCERELY YOURS, ETHEL WAXHAM. 777 00:50:14,895 --> 00:50:16,729 DEAR MISS WAXHAM, 778 00:50:16,754 --> 00:50:17,933 I, FOR ONE, AM GLAD 779 00:50:17,958 --> 00:50:21,753 THAT YOUR CURIOSITY LED YOU TO DRIFT UP HERE TO WYOMING, 780 00:50:21,778 --> 00:50:23,706 AND NOW MY SUPREME DESIRE IN LIFE 781 00:50:23,731 --> 00:50:26,042 IS TO PERSUADE YOU TO COME BACK. 782 00:50:27,372 --> 00:50:29,292 WITH LOVE AND KISSES, 783 00:50:29,317 --> 00:50:32,753 EVER YOURS, JOHN G. LOVE. 784 00:50:34,900 --> 00:50:36,613 DEAR MR. LOVE, 785 00:50:37,300 --> 00:50:40,496 SINCE YOU BEGAN TO SIGN YOUR NAME AS YOU DO, 786 00:50:40,521 --> 00:50:42,706 YOU MUST HAVE KNOWN THAT I WOULD NOT LIKE IT 787 00:50:42,731 --> 00:50:46,593 AND WOULD NOT CONTINUE SINCE WE ARE ONLY FRIENDS. 788 00:50:46,618 --> 00:50:49,238 I WROTE YOU NOT TO EXPECT ANY MORE LETTERS FROM ME 789 00:50:49,263 --> 00:50:50,714 UNLESS YOU STOPPED IT -- 790 00:50:51,475 --> 00:50:53,660 ETHEL P. WAXHAM. 791 00:50:56,062 --> 00:50:57,997 DEAR MISS WAXHAM, 792 00:50:58,022 --> 00:51:02,206 I WILL ALWAYS SIGN ALL LETTERS PROPERLY IN THE FUTURE. 793 00:51:02,231 --> 00:51:04,917 PLEASE FORGIVE MY ERRORS OF THE PAST. 794 00:51:04,942 --> 00:51:08,511 I SUPPOSE THAT I OUGHT TO BE SATISFIED WITH YOUR FRIENDSHIP, 795 00:51:08,876 --> 00:51:11,082 BUT I WON’T BE. 796 00:51:11,107 --> 00:51:13,827 YOURS SINCERELY, JOHN G. LOVE. 797 00:51:15,593 --> 00:51:19,480 Narrator: IN 1907, ETHEL RECEIVED HER MASTER’S DEGREE, 798 00:51:19,505 --> 00:51:22,652 TOOK A JOB TEACHING IN WISCONSIN FOR A YEAR, 799 00:51:22,677 --> 00:51:26,472 THEN CAME BACK AND SPENT ANOTHER YEAR IN COLORADO. 800 00:51:27,808 --> 00:51:32,175 EVERYWHERE SHE WENT, JOHN LOVE’S LETTERS PURSUED HER. 801 00:51:34,874 --> 00:51:38,513 DEAR MR. LOVE, THERE ARE REASONS GALORE 802 00:51:38,538 --> 00:51:40,886 WHY I SHOULD NOT WRITE SO OFTEN. 803 00:51:40,911 --> 00:51:42,551 I’M A BEAST TO WRITE AT ALL. 804 00:51:43,533 --> 00:51:46,613 IT MAKES YOU -- MAYBE -- THINK THAT "NO" IS NOT "NO," 805 00:51:46,638 --> 00:51:50,019 BUT "PERHAPS," OR "YES," OR ANYTHING ELSE. 806 00:51:51,224 --> 00:51:54,027 GOOD WISHES FOR YOUR BUSY SEASON FROM E.W. 807 00:51:54,818 --> 00:51:57,053 P.S. 808 00:51:57,078 --> 00:51:59,400 I LIKE YOU VERY MUCH. 809 00:52:04,179 --> 00:52:07,691 Narrator: FOR YEARS, JOHN LOVE SLEPT OUTDOORS, 810 00:52:07,716 --> 00:52:10,230 FIGHTING AGAINST THE TERRAIN AND CLIMATE 811 00:52:10,255 --> 00:52:14,595 TO KEEP HIS HERDS ALIVE, STRUGGLING TO BUILD HIS RANCH. 812 00:52:16,930 --> 00:52:19,871 HE SCOURED THE COUNTRYSIDE FOR ABANDONED BUILDINGS 813 00:52:19,896 --> 00:52:23,316 AND HAULED THEM OVER ROUGH ROADS TO MUSKRAT CREEK. 814 00:52:24,010 --> 00:52:27,988 A SALOON AND AN OLD HOTEL BECAME BUNKHOUSES, SHEDS, 815 00:52:28,013 --> 00:52:29,847 AND A BLACKSMITH SHOP. 816 00:52:30,442 --> 00:52:32,581 HE HAULED THE LOGS FOR THE MAIN HOUSE 817 00:52:32,606 --> 00:52:36,128 FROM THE WIND RIVER MOUNTAINS A HUNDRED MILES AWAY. 818 00:52:36,962 --> 00:52:39,662 EACH TRIP TOOK HIM TWO WEEKS. 819 00:52:41,434 --> 00:52:44,654 OCTOBER 25, 1909. 820 00:52:44,679 --> 00:52:46,299 DEAR MISS WAXHAM, 821 00:52:46,791 --> 00:52:49,363 THERE IS NO USE IN MY FIXING UP THE HOUSE ANYMORE, 822 00:52:49,388 --> 00:52:50,813 PAPERING, ET CETERA, 823 00:52:50,838 --> 00:52:53,298 UNTIL I KNOW HOW IT SHOULD BE DONE, 824 00:52:53,323 --> 00:52:55,235 AND I WON’T KNOW THAT UNTIL YOU SEE IT 825 00:52:55,260 --> 00:52:57,430 AND SAY HOW IT OUGHT TO BE FIXED. 826 00:52:58,221 --> 00:53:00,868 IF YOU NEVER SEE IT, I DON’T WANT IT FIXED, 827 00:53:00,893 --> 00:53:01,983 FOR I WON’T LIVE HERE. 828 00:53:02,892 --> 00:53:04,766 WE COULD LIVE VERY COMFORTABLY IN THE WAGON 829 00:53:04,791 --> 00:53:07,694 WHILE OUR HOUSE WAS BEING FIXED UP TO SUIT YOU 830 00:53:07,719 --> 00:53:10,169 IF YOU WOULD ONLY SAY YES. 831 00:53:12,160 --> 00:53:13,610 DEAR MR. LOVE, 832 00:53:14,337 --> 00:53:17,048 SUPPOSE THAT YOU LOST EVERYTHING THAT YOU HAVE 833 00:53:17,073 --> 00:53:18,703 AND A LITTLE MORE, 834 00:53:19,417 --> 00:53:22,477 AND SUPPOSE THAT FOR THE BEST REASON IN THE WORLD, 835 00:53:22,502 --> 00:53:25,681 I WANTED YOU TO ASK ME TO SAY "YES." 836 00:53:25,706 --> 00:53:28,806 WHAT WOULD YOU DO? E. 837 00:53:30,460 --> 00:53:32,100 DEAR MISS WAXHAM, 838 00:53:33,069 --> 00:53:35,208 IF I WERE WITH YOU, 839 00:53:35,233 --> 00:53:38,839 I WOULD THROW MY ARMS AROUND YOU AND KISS YOU 840 00:53:38,864 --> 00:53:40,761 AND WAIT EAGERLY FOR THE KISS 841 00:53:40,786 --> 00:53:44,464 THAT I HAVE WAITED OVER FOUR YEARS FOR. 842 00:53:45,263 --> 00:53:47,706 YOURS SINCERELY, JOHN G. LOVE. 843 00:53:51,189 --> 00:53:54,417 Narrator: FINALLY, IN THE SPRING OF 1910, 844 00:53:54,442 --> 00:53:58,402 ETHEL WAXHAM AGREED TO BE JOHN LOVE’S WIFE. 845 00:54:00,336 --> 00:54:02,572 Love: WHEN MY FATHER WAS SURE 846 00:54:02,597 --> 00:54:05,636 THAT MY MOTHER WAS GOING TO MARRY HIM, 847 00:54:05,661 --> 00:54:11,077 HE HAD A SHEEP WAGON BUILT ESPECIALLY TO HIS ORDER. 848 00:54:11,102 --> 00:54:14,722 AND THAT WAS TO BE THE HONEYMOON SHEEP WAGON. 849 00:54:16,073 --> 00:54:20,043 THEY WERE MARRIED ON JUNE 20 IN 1910. 850 00:54:20,068 --> 00:54:24,175 AND IT WAS PRETTY HOT, SO THEY STARTED OUT FOR THE MOUNTAINS, 851 00:54:24,200 --> 00:54:26,347 AND FROM THEN ON, 852 00:54:26,372 --> 00:54:29,816 THERE IS A BLANK IN OUR KNOWLEDGE. 853 00:54:31,309 --> 00:54:36,618 MOTHER RARELY DISCUSSED IT, EXCEPT IN TIMES OF CRISIS, 854 00:54:36,643 --> 00:54:39,495 AND MY FATHER NEVER DISCUSSED IT. 855 00:54:40,971 --> 00:54:43,886 BUT APPARENTLY IT RAINED A GREAT DEAL. 856 00:54:43,911 --> 00:54:48,636 THE HORSES GOT AWAY, THEY WERE MAROONED, 857 00:54:48,661 --> 00:54:51,581 AND THEY NEVER GOT TO THE MOUNTAINS. 858 00:54:53,315 --> 00:54:54,831 Narrator: IT WAS THE FIRST TEST 859 00:54:54,856 --> 00:54:57,933 JOHN AND ETHEL LOVE WOULD FACE TOGETHER. 860 00:54:57,958 --> 00:55:00,658 BUT IT WOULD NOT BE THE LAST. 861 00:55:09,484 --> 00:55:13,298 GENTLEMEN, WHY IN HEAVEN’S NAME THIS HASTE? 862 00:55:13,323 --> 00:55:15,238 YOU HAVE TIME ENOUGH. 863 00:55:16,675 --> 00:55:19,400 WHY SACRIFICE THE PRESENT TO THE FUTURE, 864 00:55:19,425 --> 00:55:21,113 FANCYING THAT YOU WILL BE HAPPIER 865 00:55:21,138 --> 00:55:22,644 WHEN YOUR FIELDS TEEM WITH WEALTH 866 00:55:22,669 --> 00:55:25,019 AND YOUR CITIES WITH PEOPLE? 867 00:55:26,807 --> 00:55:27,949 IN EUROPE, 868 00:55:27,974 --> 00:55:32,542 WE HAVE CITIES WEALTHIER AND MORE POPULOUS THAN YOURS, 869 00:55:32,567 --> 00:55:35,019 AND WE ARE NOT HAPPY. 870 00:55:36,678 --> 00:55:39,316 YOU DREAM OF YOUR POSTERITY. 871 00:55:39,341 --> 00:55:44,267 BUT YOUR POSTERITY WILL LOOK BACK TO YOURS AS THE GOLDEN AGE 872 00:55:44,292 --> 00:55:45,550 AND ENVY THOSE 873 00:55:45,575 --> 00:55:49,441 WHO FIRST BURST INTO THIS SILENT, SPLENDID NATURE, 874 00:55:51,469 --> 00:55:55,128 WHO FIRST LIFTED UP THEIR AXES UPON THESE TALL TREES 875 00:55:55,153 --> 00:55:58,386 AND LINED THESE WATERS WITH BUSY WHARVES. 876 00:55:59,848 --> 00:56:03,784 WHY, THEN, SEEK TO COMPLETE IN A FEW DECADES 877 00:56:03,809 --> 00:56:05,792 WHAT TOOK THE OTHER NATIONS OF THE WORLD 878 00:56:05,817 --> 00:56:07,816 THOUSANDS OF YEARS? 879 00:56:09,565 --> 00:56:13,230 WHY, IN YOUR HURRY TO SUBDUE AND UTILIZE NATURE, 880 00:56:13,255 --> 00:56:15,542 SQUANDER HER SPLENDID GIFTS? 881 00:56:19,241 --> 00:56:21,113 YOU HAVE OPPORTUNITIES 882 00:56:21,138 --> 00:56:24,949 SUCH AS MANKIND HAS NEVER HAD BEFORE... 883 00:56:24,974 --> 00:56:27,636 AND MAY NEVER HAVE AGAIN -- 884 00:56:28,510 --> 00:56:30,660 JAMES BRYCE. 69851

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