All language subtitles for 01 - The People

Man: DO NOT MISUNDERSTAND ME,�0

\h\h\hBUT UNDERSTAND ME FULLY
AND MY AFFECTION FOR THE LAND.��|�.

\h\h\h\h\h\hI NEVER SAID THE LAND
WAS MINE TO DO WITH AS I CHOSE.2˻*

THE ONE WHO HAS THE RIGHT
\h\h\h\h\hTO DISPOSE OF IT��l.

IS THE ONE WHO HAS CREATED IT.0

\h\hI CLAIM A RIGHT
TO LIVE ON MY LAND,�(�y

AND ACCORD YOU THE PRIVILEGE
\h\h\h\hTO LIVE ON YOURS --00

HIN-MAH-TOO-YAH-LAT-KEHT,
\h\h\h\h\h\hCHIEF JOSEPH.��
��

[ NATIVE AMERICAN CHANTING ]�'4��

\h\h\h\h[ DRUM BEATS,
CHANTING CONTINUES ]E��

[ MORE VOICES ADDED
\h\h\hTO CHANTING ]��

Narrator: THE WEST STRETCHEShQ

FROM THE MISSISSIPPI
TO THE PACIFIC OCEAN,>^

FROM THE NORTHERN PLAINS
\h\hTO THE RIO GRANDE --

MORE THAN TWO MILLION
\h\h\h\hSQUARE MILESࣤI

OF THE MOST EXTRAORDINARY
\h\h\hLANDSCAPE ON EARTH.fO�

\hITS TERRAIN HAS ALWAYS
BECKONED -- AND REPELLED.2�V

IT IS A LAND �G

OF ALMOST IMPENETRABLE
\hMOUNTAIN BARRIERS --V�

\h\hTHE ROCKIES AND WASATCH,
THE BITTERROOTS AND BIGHORNS,�9�

\h\hTHE SIERRA NEVADA
AND SANGRE de CRISTO,Φ�

THE CONFUSIONS, THE CRAZIES,
\h\h\h\hAND THE BLACK HILLS.�ڢ

IT IS A LAND OF RIVERS --�h��

THE COLORADOND COLUMBIA
\h\h\h\h\hAND MISSOURI,P�L

\hTHE SWEETWATER AND THE PLATTE,
SAND CREEK AND THE GREASY GRASS,bjR

\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE RIVER
THAT SCOLDS ALL OTHERS --

AND THE RIVER OF NO RETURN.�(

Man: IT IS A DREAM.I�L�

\hIT IS WHAT PEOPLE
WHO HAVE COME HEREY�d�

FROM THE BEGINNING OF TIME
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hHAVE DREAMED.�W��

IT'S A DREAM LANDSCAPE.2��o

\h\h\h\hTO THE NATIVE AMERICAN,
IT'S FULL OF SACRED REALITIES.g��

POWERFUL THINGS --?s��

\h\h\h\h\hIT'S A LANDSCAPE THAT
HAS TO BE SEEN TO BE BELIEVED.A!�

AND I SAY ON OCCASION,�|�

IT MAY HAVE TO BE BELIEVED
\h\h\hIN ORDER TO BE SEEN.i�i

Narrator: THE WEST IS A LAND
\h\h\hOF ENDLESS SEAS OF GRASS,�\�6

UNIMAGINABLE DISTANCES,
\h\hINFINITE HORIZONS.P�

BUT IT WAS NEVER EMPTY.%�(c

PEOPLE CAME FROM EVERY POINT
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF THE COMPASS.f�ђ

\hTO THE SPANISH, WHO TRAVELED UP
FROM MEXICO, IT WAS "THE NORTH."q@3�

BRITISH AND FRENCH EXPLORERS
\h\hARRIVED BY COMING SOUTH --�2��

THE CHINESE AND THE RUSSIANS,
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hBY GOING EAST.���o

IT WAS THE AMERICANS --
\hTHE LAST TO ARRIVE --*�c

WHO NAMED IT "THE WEST."RS

BUT TO THE PEOPLE WHO WERE
ALREADY THERE, IT WAS HOME --e0�

THE CENTER OF THE UNIVERSE.t,u

THEY HAD LIVED THERE SO LONGALRE

THAT THEIR STORIES OF CREATION
LINKED THEM TO THE LAND ITSELF.��

\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE COMANCHES SAID
THEY CAME FROM SWIRLS OF DUST.

\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE HIDATSA,
FROM THE BOTTOM OF A BIG LAKE.I@�4

AMONG THE SACRED BUNDLES OF THE
\hZUNIS WAS A STONE, THEY SAID,��

\h\hWITHIN WHICH BEATS
THE HEART OF THE WORLD.
�(�

\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hBUT SOON
THERE WOULD BE OTHER MYTHS --�Q�

\hMYTHS OF GOLDEN CITIES,
TREASURE FOR THE TAKING,�プ

SOULS IN NEED OF SALVATION.�v

AND ANOTHER LONGER-LASTING MYTH,"$

EVENTUALLY PURSUED
\h\hBY TWO AMERICANSB�

ACROSS THE VASTNESS
OF THE WEST ITSELF --�9��

THE MYTH OF AN ELUSIVE NORTHWEST
\hPASSAGE THAT WOULD LEAD THEM --ӻ�Z

AND THEIR NATION -- TO THE SEA.�#S

\h\h\h\hIN THEIR FOOTSTEPS
MORE AMERICANS FOLLOWED --���

MOUNTAIN MEN AND MISSIONARIES,c��C

SOLITARY ADVENTURERS AND WAGON
\hTRAINS OF HOPEFUL PIONEERS...^r0

\h\h\h\h\hA WASHED-UP
TENNESSEE POLITICIAN,�@��

WHO FOUND A SECOND CHANCE
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN THE WESTrJj

AND CARVED OUT A NEW REPUBLIC
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF HIS OWN...�4

A BROAD-SHOULDERED CARPENTER
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hFROM VERMONT,P�

WHO DECLARED HIMSELF CHOSEN
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hBY GODG<�g

TO LEAD HIS PERSECUTED PEOPLE
TO SANCTUARY IN THE DESERT...CR�q

AND A DELICATE WELLESLEY
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hGRADUATE,���

WHO BATTLED FLOOD, DISEASE,
\h\h\h\hAND FINANCIAL RUIN,

YET NEVER LOST HER LOVE
\h\h\h\h\hOF THE WEST.$�L

\h\h\hGOLD WAS DISCOVERED,
AND THE WORLD RUSHED IN --4��!

\h\h\h\h\h\h\hCHINESE PEASANTS
AND SOUTH AMERICAN ARISTOCRATS,�5��

\h\hAND A PEACH GROWER
FROM UPSTATE NEW YORK,ż

WHO LEFT HIS WIFE AND DAUGHTER
\h\h\hIN SEARCH OF EASY RICHES,x(Eh

ONLY TO FIND NOTHING --SANT

EXCEPT WHAT HE WOULD REMEMBER�K�

AS THE GREATEST ADVENTURE
\h\h\h\h\h\hOF HIS LIFE.
S��

\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hMan:
THE WEST IS NOT ANY ONE THING.�

IT IS A TREMENDOUS COLLECTION
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF STORIES,hY��

OF INDIVIDUAL HUMAN BEINGS
\h\hWHO COULD AT ONE POINT��^�

DEMONSTRATE THE HIGHEST VALUES
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF HEROISM��u

AND THE LOWEST VALUES
\h\h\h\hOF COWARDICE,�T�

OF CRUELTY AND NOBILITY,

\h\h\h\hAND ALL THE OTHER THINGS
THAT GO INTO MAKE GREAT STORIES,i���

WHICH IS WHY THE HISTORY
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF THE WEST#}��

IS ONE OF THE GREAT STORIES
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF ALL TIME.���

BUT NO INTELLIGENT PERSON
\h\h\h\h\hCAN LOOK AT IT�J�!

\h\hWITHOUT FEELING A MIX
OF BOTH PRIDE AND SHAME.��5�

Narrator: THE WEST WOULD HELP
\h\h\h\hIGNITE THE CIVIL WARW���

\h\h\h\h\hAND WITNESS SOME
OF ITS MOST SAVAGE KILLING.ICHE

THEN, AFTER THE WAR WAS OVER,K)�

\h\hUNION HEROES WHO HAD FOUGHT
TO FREE THE SLAVES IN THE EASTdv��

\hWOULD TRY TO SUBJUGATE
THE INDIANS OF THE WEST.��-

MEXICAN AMERICANS, WHO HAD LIVED
\h\h\hIN THE WEST FOR CENTURIES,QG

WOULD FIND THEMSELVES
\h\h\h\h\hOUTNUMBERED[4&

IN THEIR OWN COUNTRY,>�@�

WHILE A GROUP OF PIONEERS
\h\h\h\h\hFROM THE SOUTH�
�

\hWOULD FIND IN THE WEST
THEIR OWN PROMISED LAND.%<

AND NATIVE PEOPLES WOULD FIGHT
\h\h\hTHEIR LAST, GALLANT WARS
��

TO HOLD ONTO THEIR LANDS...Z�

THEN BEGIN A NEW STRUGGLE --
SIMPLY TO REMAIN THEMSELVES.���

Man: I THINK THAT THE WEST�y

IS THE MOST POWERFUL REALITY
IN THE HISTORY OF THIS COUNTRY.�{

IT'S ALWAYS HAD A POWER,
\h\h\h\h\h\hAN ATTRACTION

\h\hTHAT DIFFERENTIATED IT FROM
THE REST OF THE UNITED STATES.�I

WHETHER THE WEST WAS A PLACE
\h\h\h\h\h\hTO BE CONQUERED,�¡

OR THE WEST AS IT IS TODAY --°�

A PLACE TO BE PROTECTED
\h\h\h\h\hAND NURTURED.���

IT IS THE REGENERATIVE FORCE
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF AMERICA.‰,

\h\h\hNarrator: THE WEST
IS A STORY OF CONQUEST --

\h\h\hOF COMPETING PROMISES AND
COMPETING VISIONS OF THE LAND.,

MANY PEOPLES LAID CLAIM
\h\h\h\h\hTO THE WEST,

AND MANY PLAYED A PART
\h\h\h\hIN SETTLING IT.U8

BUT IN THE END, ONLY ONE NATION
\h\h\h\hWOULD DEMAND IT ALL --u<

AND TAKE IT.Z�

AND IN THE END, BY MOVING WEST,��

\h\h\h\h\h\hTHAT NATION
WOULD DISCOVER ITSELF.MAN

Man: WHEN AMERICANS TELL STORIES
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hABOUT THEMSELVES,�a�

THEY SET THOSE STORIES
\h\h\h\h\hIN THE WEST.t�;

THE AMERICAN HEROES
ARE WESTERN HEROES.�

WHEN YOU BEGIN TO THINK���

OF THE QUINTESSENTIAL
AMERICAN CHARACTERS,�,

THEY'RE ALWAYS SOMEPLACE
\h\h\h\hOVER THE HORIZON.0

THERE'S ALWAYS SOMEPLACE
\h\h\h\h\h\hIN THE WEST,p0�

WHERE SOMETHING WONDERFUL
\h\h\hIS ABOUT TO HAPPEN.�}A

IT'S NOT WHAT HAS HAPPENED --{��

IT'S SOMETHING WONDERFUL
\h\h\hIS ABOUT TO HAPPEN.�

AND EVEN WHEN WE TURN
\h\h\hTHAT AROUND --�

\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hEVEN WHEN WE SAY,
WELL, SOMETHING HAS BEEN LOST --0

\h\h\h\h\h\hWHAT'S LOST
IS ALWAYS IN THE WEST.�q

[ NATIVE AMERICAN CHANTING ]�

\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hMomaday:
MYTH IS SUCH AN INTEGRAL PART�e�

OF THE CONCEPTION OF THE WEST.

PEOPLE THINK ABOUT IT
\h\hIN TERMS OF MYTH --

ALWAYS HAVE, I BELIEVE.�4�

KIOWA STORY HAS IT���

THAT EIGHT CHILDREN WERE PLAYING
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN THE WOODS,3?&

AND THERE WERE SEVEN SISTERS
\h\h\h\h\hAND THEIR BROTHER.�(

THE BOY IS PRETENDING
\h\h\h\hTO BE A BEAR,���

\h\hAND HE'S CHASING HIS SISTERS,
WHO ARE PRETENDING TO BE AFRAID,��

AND THEY'RE RUNNING.�#�

\hA TERRIBLE THING HAPPENS
IN THE COURSE OF THE GAME.O�4

\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE BOY
ACTUALLY TURNS INTO A BEAR.|�

AND WHEN THE SISTERS SEE THIS,
\h\h\hTHEY ARE TRULY TERRIFIED,b�C

AND THEY RUN FOR THEIR LIVES,
\h\h\h\hTHE BEAR AFTER THEM.�\�

THEY PASS THE STUMP OF A TREE,Z�W

AND THE TREE SPEAKS TO THEM
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND SAYS,��

"IF YOU WILL CLIMB UP ON ME,
\h\h\h\h\h\hI WILL SAVE YOU."�@:

SO THE LITTLE GIRLS SCAMPER
\h\hON TOP OF THE TREE STUMP.Y�

\h\h\h\h\h\hAND AS THEY DO SO,
IT BEGINS TO RISE INTO THE AIR.p�4

THE BEAR COMES TO KILL THEM,
BUT THEY'RE BEYOND ITS REACH.WOO

AND IT REARS UP AND SCORES THE
BARK ALL AROUND WITH ITS CLAWS.S�9

\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE STORY ENDS --
THE GIRLS ARE BORN INTO THE SKY,3?&

AND THEY BECOME THE STARS
\h\h\hOF THE BIG DIPPER.��

IT'S A WONDERFUL STORY TR

\h\h\h\h\h\h\hBECAUSE IT ACCOUNTS
FOR THE ROCK -- DEVIL'S TOWER --���

THIS MONOLITH THAT RISES NEARLY
\hA THOUSAND FEET INTO THE AIR,�m

AND IT ALSO RELATES MAN
\h\h\h\h\hTO THE STARS.[�

\h\h\h\h\h\h\h[ DRUM BEATS,
NATIVE AMERICAN CHANTING ]�N

[ MORE VOICES ADDED
\h\h\hTO CHANTING ]*

\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator:
FOR A THOUSAND GENERATIONS,��

\hTHE WEST BELONGED
ONLY TO INDIANS --E O

PERHAPS MORE THAN THREE MILLION
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF THEM.jl�

THE KALISPEL AND CLATSOP
\h\h\h\h\hAND TONKAWA...�J

THE TEWA, PAIUTE, AND PAWNEE...���

\h\hTHE HOPI, MOJAVE,
CADDO, AND CHINOOK...

THE UMATILLA AND THE UTE.
�f

THERE WERE PEOPLE WHO LIVED
\h\h\h\h\h\hIN LARGE HOUSES��

MADE FROM THE TALLEST TREES
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hON EARTH.`I

AND PEOPLE WHO LIVED IN ISOLATED
\hSHELTERS FASHIONED FROM BRUSH.SvH

PEOPLE WHO LIVED IN SKIN TEPEES
AND TOWERING CLIFF-TOP CITIES.�t!

SOME STARTED FIRES
\hTO MAKE PASTURES,RIN

\h\h\hOR BUILT DAMS AND DIVERTED
STREAMS TO IRRIGATE THEIR CROPS.
�

OTHERS DID NOT DARE&b

ALTER THE EARTH THEY BELIEVED
\h\h\h\h\hTO BE THEIR MOTHER.��

\hAND PRAYED TO THE SPIRITS
OF THE ANIMALS THEY HUNTED.��<

Momaday: THE INDIAN FEELS?

\h\hTHAT HE IS RELATED
TO THE ANIMAL WORLD --�{

THAT ALL LIVING THINGS
\h\h\h\h\hARE RELATED.(�

IN THE KIOWA ORAL TRADITION,

ONE OF THE WAYS TO INDICATE
\h\hTIME LONG PAST IS TO SAY,

"WELL, THIS HAPPENED
WHEN DOGS COULD TALK."���

Narrator: IN SOME TRIBES,��6

WAR WAS CONSIDERED
THE HIGHEST CALLING,R@

AND WEALTH WAS MEASURED
\h\h\h\h\h\hIN SLAVES.~Y

\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN OTHERS,
WOMEN OWNED ALL THE PROPERTY,B

AND WHEN A COUPLE MARRIED, THE
\hMAN JOINED HIS WIFE'S FAMILY.W�

WHILE IN STILL OTHER TRIBES,G��

\h\h\h\hTHE PUNISHMENT
FOR AN UNFAITHFUL WIFE>Y

WAS TO CUT OFF PART OF HER NOSE.N��

Man: THE WEST OF THE AMERICAN
\h\hCONTINENT WAS AS DIVERSE�+

\h\h\h\h\hAS ALMOST ANY PLACE
IN THE HISTORY OF THE WORLD,�#�

\h\hHAD PEOPLE SPEAKING SEVEN
DIFFERENT LANGUAGE FILIES,.>�

EACH AS DIFFERENT FROM THE OTHER�[�

AS EACH ONE IS DIFFERENT
\h\h\hFROM INDO-EUROPEAN.��&

\hYOU HAVE PEOPLE WHO DON'T USE
IN THEIR ORDINARY CONVERSATIONX{�

"I," "MY," "ME."FFE

EVERYTHING IS "WE." TH

YOU HAD SOCIETIES THAT WERE
\h\hINTENSELY AGRICULTURAL,

LIKE THE PUEBLOS
IN THE SOUTHWEST.�Y0

WE HAVE CULTURES IN ALASKA
\h\h\h\h\hAND THE SUBARCTIC05�

THAT DIDN'T SEE SUNLIGHT
\h\hFOR HALF OF THE YEAR,K`&

AND SO THEIR WHOLE CONCEPT
\h\hOF TIME WAS DIFFERENT.��

YOU HAD CULTURES ON THE PLAINS
\hWHERE EACH PERSON DISCOVERED,a��

\h\hTHROUGH A VISION QUEST,
HIS OR HER OWN INNER VOICE,�7

\h\h\h\hAND THEN CAME BACK
AFTER A WEEK OF ISOLATION,

AND TOLD THE REST OF THE TRIBE,
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h"WHO I AM."p*�

AND NOBODY COULD ARGUE WITH THAT
\h\hBECAUSE IT CAME FROM WITHIN.[i

Woman: YOU KNOW THERE'S THIS
MARVELOUS STEREOTYPE OUT THERE�3N

THAT BEFORE WHITE PEOPLE CAME,
\h\hTHE WORLD HERE WAS PERFECT, 00:16:32,030
THAT PEOPLE LIVED IN A PARADISE
�

IN WHICH THEY WERE THE MOST
\hELEGANT, THE MOST MORAL,�'�

THE MOST ELEVATED
OF ALL HUMANITY.�/

THAT'S NOT TRUE.�Į

WE WERE HUMAN BEINGS, AND WE
\hLIVED IN OUR OWN SOCIETIES,Ah�

\h\h\h\hAND WE DID THINGS
THAT ALL HUMAN BEINGS DO,�Y�

\hAND SOME OF IT WAS ELEVATED
AND MARVELOUS AND ADMIRABLE,

\h\h\hAND SOME OF IT
WAS PRETTY HORRIBLE.�

ED
Narrator: PEOPLE WHO WORSHI
\h\h\h\h\h\hDIFFERENT GODS,^4]

INHABITED ENTIRELY
\hDIFFERENT WORLDS,

AND WERE SOMETIMES UNAWARE
OF EACH OTHER'S EXISTENCE,YLr

WERE, NONETHELESS,
\h\hLINKED TOGETHER.*��

WEBS OF ANCIENT TRADING TRAILS
\hSTRETCHED IN EVERY DIRECTION��

AND COVERED EVERY CORNER
\h\h\h\h\h\hOF THE WEST.�ԡ

BUFFALO ROBES WARMED PEOPLE
WHO HAD NEVER SEEN A BUFFALO.��

CORNMEAL WAS EATEN BY PEOPLE
\hWHO HAD NEVER PLANTED CORN.��

AND OCEAN SHELLS DECORATED
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE CLOTHING�"@

\h\h\h\h\h\hOF PEOPLE WHO LIVED
A THOUSAND MILES FROM THE SEA.��V

\h\h\hIN THE HIGH COUNTRY
WHERE THE PRESENT STATES�

OF NEW MEXICO, COLORADO, UTAH,
\h\hAND ARIZONA COME TOGETHER,Bm`

THERE ONCE LIVED A GREAT PEOPLE,
\hREMEMBERED NOW AS THE ANASAZI.G�

\h\h\h\h\h\hFOR CENTURIES,
THEIR CIVILIZATION THRIVED,

TRADING WITH OTHER CULTURESLE,

TO THE NORTH AND SOUTH,
\h\h\h\hEAST AND WEST.

THEY DAMMED STREAMS
TO WATER THEIR CROPS,ION

\hLAID OUT MILE UPON MILE
OF BROAD, STRAIGHT ROADS��u

ACROSS THE DESERT,��

\h\h\h\h\h\hAND BUILT LOFTY TOWNS
WHERE THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE LIVED.�%�

THE ANASAZI FLOURISHED,
AND THEIR NUMBERS GREW.���

THEN -- THOUGH NO ONE KNOWS
\h\h\h\hFOR CERTAIN WHY --���

\hTHEY WERE FORCED
TO ABANDON IT ALL. NE

NEWCOMERS -- THE ANCESTORS
OF THE UTE AND THE NAVAJO --��

EVENTUALLY TOOK OVER THE REGION.

\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE ANASAZI
WERE NOT THE FIRST PEOPLEС

TO BE DISPLACED BY ANOTHER
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN THE WEST.-

AND THEY WOULD NOT BE THE LAST.��

Dorris: PEOPLE CALLED THEMSELVES
\h"HUMAN BEINGS" OR "THE PEOPLE,"�|

OR, BASICALLY, "US,"—

AND EVERYBODY ELSE, KNOWN
AND UNKNOWN, WAS "THEM,"�

\h\h\h\hAND IT MADE DEALING
WITH THE CONSTANT SURPRISE4-9

\h\h\h\h\hOF ENCOUNTERING PEOPLE
WHO SPOKE DIFFERENT LANGUAGES --XI�

HAD A DIFFERENT ETHNIC LOOK,
\h\hHAD DIFFERENT RELIGIONS,C d

DIFFERENT POLITICAL SYSTEMS --
\h\h\hA LOT EASIER TO DEAL WITHBP

\h\h\hBECAUSE "THEY"
WERE ALWAYS BIZARRE.��

AND SO WHEN EUROPEANS ARRIVED
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hON THE SCENE,

THEY WERE JUST ANOTHER CEGORY
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF "THEY."�o�

\h\hTHE HARDSHIPS I ENDURED
IN THIS JOURNEYING BUSINESS�ۢ

WERE LONG TO TELL --
PERIL AND PRIVATION,^��

\h\h\hSTORMS AND FROST,
WHICH OFTEN OVERTOOK ME.4-

BY THE UNFAILING GRACE OF D,
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOUR LORD,ìt

I CAME FORTH FROM ALL --��h

ALVAR NUÑEZ CABEZA de VACA.�^

Narrator: ON A COLD MORNING
\h\hIN THE AUTUMN OF 1528,a��

30 YEARS AFTER CHRISTOPHER
\h\h\hCOLUMBUS FIRST LANDED^��

IN THE NEW WORLD,�D

BLEW A FRAIL BOAT ONTO THE COAST
\h\h\h\h\h\hOF GALVESTON ISLAND,�b7

IN WHAT IS NOW TEXAS.FRO

A HANDFUL OF SPANISH SOLDIERS
\h\h\h\h\h\hSTAGGERED ASHORE."��

THEY WERE THE FIRST EUROPEANS
\h\hTO SET FOOT IN THE WEST.���

ONE OF THE SHIPWRECKED SURVIVORSB�

\h\h\hWAS A NOBLEMAN NAMED
ALVAR NUÑEZ CABEZA de VACA,�Ѕ

A HARDENED VETERAN
OF HALF A DOZEWARS(�

AGAINST THE ENEMIES OF SPAIN.zt�

SPAIN HAD ALREADY CONQUERED
\h\hMOST OF SOUTH AMERICA,b��

\hCENTRAL AMERICA,
AND ALL OF MEXICO,l�

CONVERTING THOUSANDS OF INDIANS
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTO CHRIST���

AND STRIPPING THE AZTEC
\h\hAND INCAN CULTURES���

OF THEIR ENORMOUS WEALTH.}gx

NOW CABEZA de VACA'S EXPEDITION
\h\h\h\h\h\hWAS PROBING NORTH,�|

\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN SEARCH
OF EVEN GREATER TREASURE.W:

"WE CAME HERE TO SERVE GOD
\h\h\h\h\hAND HIS MAJESTY,"��

ONE CONQUISTADOR WROTE,!�

"TO GIVE LIGHT TO THOSE
\hWHO WERE IN DARKNESSRa�

\h\h\h\h\hAND TO GET RICH
AS ALL MEN DESIRE TO DO."�o*

CABEZA de VACA AND HIS MEN���

\h\h\h\h\hWERE FED AND HOUSED
BY THE COASTAL COCOS INDIANS,]��

WHO BELIEVED THE STRANGERS
\h\h\hTO HAVE MAGICAL POWERS.��

\h\hBUT WHEN DYSENTERY,
CARRIED BY THE SPANISH,h\h

KILLED ALMOST HALF THE TRIBE,�<�

\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE INDIANS
TURNED ON THE SOLDIERS.�[�

\h\hCABEZA de VACA
AND HIS COMPANIONS��4

HAD HOPED TO COME AS CONQUERORS.ON

INSTEAD, THEY ENTERED THE WEST
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAS CAPTIVES.

\h\h\h\h\hCabeza de Vaca:
MY LIFE BECAME UNBEARABLE.��

IN ADDITION TO MUCH OTHER WORK,=�D

I HAD TO GRUB ROOTS
\h\h\h\hIN THE WATERo�

OR FROM UNDERGROUND
\hIN THE CANEBRAKES.�`

\h\h\h\hMY FINGERS GOT SO RAW
THAT IF A STRAW TOUCHED THEM,5

THEY WOULD BLEED.��

\h\h\h\hTHE BROKEN CANES
OFTEN SLASHED MY FLESH.>

\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator:
AFTER TWO YEARS OF MISERY,HED

CABEZA de VACA FLED HIS CAPTORS.h\h

HE BEGAN TRADING -- CARRYING
\h\h\hSHELLS AND MESQUITE FRUIT��

TO THE TRIBES OF THE INTERIOR@

\h\h\h\h\hAND BRINGING BACK
TO THE COASTAL TRIBES FURS,�~�

\h\h\h\h\h\hFLINT FOR ARROWHEADS,
AND RED OCHER FOR FACE PAINTING.`�z

\hBECAUSE HE BELONGED
TO NO TRIBE HIMSELF,G��

\hHE WAS WELCOMED
WHEREVER HE WENT.��v

BY THE SUMMER OF 1534,
\h\h\h\hCABEZA de VACA

\h\hAND THE THREE REMAINING
SURVIVORS OF THE EXPEDITIONBp

DECIDED TO TRY TO MAKE THEIR WAY
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTO MEXICO CITY.���

THEY WANDERED ON FOOT
\h\h\hFOR TWO YEARS,G��

\h\h\h\hTHROUGH TEXAS,
ACROSS THE RIO GRANDE,���

MOVING FROM ONE TRIBE
\h\h\h\hTO THE NEXT.t�]

THROUGHOUT HIS JOURNEY,
\h\h\h\hCABEZA de VACA(|^

\h\h\h\h\h\h\hHAD EXPECTED
TO FIND ONLY CRUEL SAVAGES,RUI

\hBUT HE MET TRIBES
THAT IMPRESSED HIM}z

WITH THEIR GENTLENESS AND THEIR
\h\h\hGENEROSITY TO STRANGERS.�~�

AND WHEN THEY ASKED FOR HIS
HELP, HE RESPONDED IN KIND,��

SPEAKING OF CHRIST
WHEREVER HE COULD.��

Cabeza de Vaca: SOME INDIANS

CAME BEGGING US TO CURE THEM
\h\h\hOF TERRIBLE HEADACHES.$�j

SURELY EXTRAORDINARY MEN
\h\hLIKE US, THEY SAID,V��

EMBODIED POWERS OVER NATURE.�

WHEN WE MADE THE SIGN
OF THE CROSS OVER THEMRVH

AND COMMENDED THEM TO GOD,sC�

THEY INSTANTLY SAID
ALL PAIN HAD VANISHED�rL

AND GAVE US PRICKLY PEARS
\h\h\hAND CHUNKS OF VENISON.�w�

Narrator: SOON CABEZA de VACA
\h\h\h\h\hAND HIS COMPANIONS*�8

FOUND THEMSELVES ESCORTED
\hFROM VILLAGE TO VILLAGE��

\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hBY AN ARMY
OF SOME 600 ADMIRING INDIANS.l2\

IF THEY WERE TO BE CONVERTED
\h\h\h\h\h\hTO CHRISTIANITY,���

\h\h\hCABEZA de VACA
HAD COME TO BELIEVE,j��

"THEY MUST BE WON BY KINDNESS,
\h\h\h\hTHE ONLY CERTAIN WAY."�

White: HE BECOMES A CURER.
\h\h\hHE BECOMES A HEALER.�|�

HE BECOMES AN EMISSARY OF GOD.�Y�

AND CABEZA de VACA BECOMES,
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN EFFECT,���

A LEADER OF INDIAN PEOPLES.N

HE MOVES THROUGH THE SOUTHWEST,���

\hTRUDGING THROUGH THE DESERT
FROM COMMUNITY TO COMMUNITY,���

AND THEN THE DREAM STOPS.$�x

Narrator: IN THE SPRING OF 1536,
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hCABEZA de VACA

\hAND HUNDREDS OF INDIANS
FINALLY ENTERED MEXICO --�Ʊ

AND CAME UPON A COLUMN
\h\hOF SPANISH SOLDIERS

WHO HAD COME NORTH, DESTROYING
\h\h\hCROPS, LOOTING VILLAGES,

SEIZING SLAVES.b�N

\hCabeza de Vaca:
WITH HEAVY HEARTS,�͔

WE LOOKED OUT�#q

OVER THE ONCE LAVISHLY WATERED,
\h\h\hFERTILE, AND BEAUTIFUL LAND,I��

\h\hNOW ABANDONED AND BURNED,
AND THE PEOPLE THIN AND WEAK,�*;

SCATTERING AND HIDING
\h\h\h\h\h\hIN FRIGHT.

\h\hNarrator: CABEZA de VACA'S
INDIAN FOLLOWERS WERE CONFUSED.

HOW COULD HE AND THESE SPANIARDS
\h\h\hBELONG TO THE SAME PEOPLE?��

CABEZA de VACA HEALED THE SICK.
\

THEY KILLED THE HEALTHY.NIA

HE WANTED NOTHING.{\i

THEY TOOK EVERYTHING.�0

SURE THAT THE SPANISH WOULD
ENSLAVE HIS INDIAN ESCORTS,[C�

CABEZA de VACA URGED THEM
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTO FLEE.�Y

THEN HE SET OUT AGAIN
\h\hFOR MEXICO CITY.�x

AS SOON AS HE WAS GONE,�<

THE SPANISH SEIZED MANY
OF HIS INDIAN FRIENDS.��a

\hWhite: CABEZA de VACA'S JOURNEY
THROUGH THIS EXTRAORDINARY WORLD2�

\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hENDS UP
IN A VERY ORDINARY WORLD,
�

A WORLD OF SPANISH SLAVERS
\h\h\h\hAND INDIAN VICTIMS.>�

BUT IN BETWEEN, IN THAT MOMENT,
\h\h\h\h\h\hTHERE WAS A VISION@dU

\hOF HOW SOMETHING ELSE
MIGHT HAVE HAPPENED --`>�

\h\hTHAT NEVER WOULD
REALLY FULLY HAPPEN,uZ�

BUT WOULD APPEAR IN GLIMPSES
\h\h\h\h\h\hAGAIN AND AGAIN,X��

\h\h\h\hAS INDIANS AND WHITES
INTERACTED IN THE CONTINENT.\7�

Momaday: ALWAYS, WHEN PEOPLE��

CAME INTO THIS LANDSCAPE
\h\h\h\hWE CALL THE WEST,

\h\hTHEY BROUGHT WITH THEM
A NECESSITY TO IMAGINE IT.��?

\h\hONE OF THE REASONS FOR THIS,
I THINK, IS SIMPLY THE VASTNESS.@�s

WHEN ONE LOOKS AT THE GRAND
\h\h\hCANYON, FOR EXAMPLE,�q�

IT'S ENDLESSLY MYSTERIOUS.E��

YOU KNOW, YOU FEEL THE SILENCE
\hCOMING UP AND ENVELOPING YOU,qZ2

\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND YOU KNOW
THAT THERE ARE PLACES THERE�q�

WHERE NO ONE HAS EVER BEEN.�m

\h\h\hHOLY CATHOLIC
CAESARIAN MAJESTY --�

\h\h\hI HAVE DONE ALL
THAT I POSSIBLY COULD

\h\hTO SERVE YOUR MAJESTY
AND TO DISCOVER A COUNTRY��6

WHERE GOD, OUR LORD,
\h\hMIGHT BE SERVED]F�

AND THE ROYAL TREASURY
\h\h\h\h\h\hINCREASED.��

AS YOUR LOYAL SERVANT
\h\h\h\hAND VASSAL --THE

FRANCISCO VASQUEZ de CORONADO.�D�

\hNarrator: SIX YEARS
AFTER CABEZA de VACA6�

RETURNED TO MEXICO CITY,A�

THE SPANISH VICEROY SENT YET
ANOTHER EXPEDITION NORTHWARD.

THEY WERE SEARCHING
\hFOR SEVEN CITIESSER

\h\h\hSAID TO BE FILLED
WITH GOLD AND TREASURE.

IN COMMAND OF THE EXPEDITION

WAS THE AMBITIOUS GOVERNOR
\h\hOF A MEXICAN PROVINCE --C��

FRANCISCO VASQUEZ de CORONADO. PR

FOR MORE THAN FOUR MONTHS,
\h\h\h\h\hCORONADO FOLLOWED@�

OLD INDIAN TRAILS ACROSS DESERTS
\h\h\hAND THROUGH THE MOUNTAINS.��

FINALLY, EXHAUSTED AND HUNGRY,
HE REACHED AN ADOBE SETTLEMENT

\hTHAT HE HOPED WAS THE FIRST OF
THE FABLED SEVEN CITIES OF GOLD.l[�

IT WAS REALLY THE PUEBLO
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF HAWIKUH,J5M

HOME TO AN AGRICULTURAL PEOPLE
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hCALLED THE ZUNI. ��

THE PEOPLE OF THE PUEBLO
\h\h\h\hSAW THEM COMING,

\hTHE SUN SLANTING
OFF THEIR HELMETS,\h\

RIDING ON MONSTROUS ANIMALS NONE
\h\hOF THEM HAD EVER SEEN BEFORE.:O

Man: WHAT WAS GOING ON AT ZUNI
\hWAS A SUMMER SOLSTICE RITUAL,��i

\h\hAND THESE KINDS OF RITUALS
ARE ALWAYS REGARDED AS PRIVATE.D.

AND SO WHEN CORONADO CAME IN�

WHILE THESE RITUALS
\h\hWERE IN PROGRESS,י�

ZUNI PRIESTS, ZUNI ELDERS
SKETCHED A CORNMEAL LINE�>

BETWEEN CORONADO'S MEN
AND THE PEOPLE AT ZUNI,�

\h\h\hA LINE WHICH CORONADO
WAS NOT SUPPOSED TO CROSS.

CORONADO'S MEN,�R

WHO WERE LITERALLY STARVING
\h\hTO DEATH BY THAT TIME,]|�

JUST BULLED RIGHT IN.ONA

Narrator: THE ZUNIS FOUGHT BACK.0)

Coronado: THEY GREW SO BOLD��

\hTHAT THEY CAME UP ALMOST
TO THE HEELS OF OUR HORSES�

TO SHOOT THEIR ARROWS.U�

ON THIS ACCOUNT,~�7

I SAW THAT IT WAS NO LONGER
\h\h\h\h\hTIME TO HESITATE,LH

AND AS THE PRIESTS APPROVED
THE ACTION, I CHARGED THEM.j��

[ GUNFIRE ]��

Narrator: THE INDIANS FLED
\h\hFROM THE SPANISH GUNS,`�K

\h\h\hWHOSE THUNDEROUS SOUND
THEY HAD NEVER HEARD BEFORE.=I

\h\h\h\hCORONADO QUICKLY OVERRAN
THE TOWN, SET UP A WOODEN CROSS,�d

AND DEMANDED THAT THE ZUNI��c

IMMEDIATELY CONVERT
\hTO CHRISTIANITY.��

\h\h\h\h\hBUT HE DISCOVERED
THAT THE ZUNIS HAD NO GOLD.GH

OVER THE NEXT FEW WEEKS,��7

CORONADO WOULD DESTROY
\h\h\h\h\h13 VILLAGES.�W

HE PUNISHED ALL WHO RESISTED HIM
PRECISELY AS REBELLIOUS SUBJECTS3Z>

WOULD HAVE BEEN PUNISHED
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN SPAIN,6�

BURNING 100 MEN AT THE STAKE,X

AND KILLING STILL MORE
AS THEY TRIED TO FLEE.��

Dorris: THERE WAS THE DECREE
\h\h\h\h\hTHAT WOULD BE READ

WHEN THE SPANISH CAME INTO A NEW
\h\h\hNATIVE COMMUNITY THAT SAID,

\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN LATIN,
"EVERYBODY HERE MUST FALL DOWN���

"AND WORSHIP JESUS CHRIST,
\h\h\h\h\hAND IF YOU DON'T,NwG

\h\h"WE WILL TAKE IT THAT YOU
ARE WORSHIPERS OF THE DEVIL,

"AND YOU WILL BE WIPED OUT.�I

\h\h\hYOU BASICALLY
HAVE FIVE MINUTES."���

\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator:
THAT SPRING, STILL CONVINCEDcC�

THAT GREAT RICHES COULD BE FOUND
\h\h\h\h\hOVER THE NEXT HORIZON,�
?

CORONADO SENT EXPEDITIONS INTO
\hTHE SURROUNDING COUNTRYSIDE.y:

\h\h\h\h\hONE GROUP MARCHED
TO THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA.d��

\h\hANOTHER CROSSED
THE PAINTED DESERT[�

INTO THE LAND OF THE HOPIS.x��

AND A THIRD MARCHED FOR 20 DAYS
TO THE EDGE OF A GREAT GORGE --��

THE GRAND CANYON
OF THE COLORADO.h\h

NOTHING IN THEIR EXPERIENCEI�@

\hHAD PREPARED THEM
FOR ITS SHEER SIZE.e�&

Man: CAPTAIN MELGOSA, WITH JUAN
\hGALERAS AND ANOTHER COMPANION,T�P

KEPT DESCENDING IN SIGHT
\hOF THE MEN LEFT ABOVEf�

UNTIL THEY WERE LOST TO VIEW.��T

THE MEN WHO REMAINED ABOVE��q

ESTIMATED THAT SOME ROCKS
JUTTING OUT FROM THE CANYONE.

MUST BE ABOUT AS HIGH AS A MAN.�9�

AT FOUR O'CLOCK,��c

\h\hTHEY RETURNED AND SWORE
THAT WHEN THEY REACHED THEM,��

THEY WERE FOUND TO BE TALLERESE

THAN THE HIGHEST TOWER
\h\h\h\h\hOF SEVILLE.6��

Narrator: BUT ONCE AGAIN,
\h\h\hTHEY FOUND NO GOLD.Lt�

CORONADO THEN HEARD OF YET
ANOTHER CITY CALLED QUIVIRA,[Z

FAR TO THE NORTH,ELG

\h\h\hFILLED WITH TREASURES
BEYOND HIS WILDEST DREAMS.f��

\hHE LED HIS MEN TOWARD IT --
OUT ONTO THE GREAT PLAINS --��l

THROUGH AN OCEAN OF GRASS
\hSO VAST AND FEATURELESS��

THEY HAD TO NAVIGATE
\hWITH A SEA COMPASS.�9

Man: WHO COULD BELIEVE
\h\h\hTHAT 1,000 HORSES

AND 500 OF OUR COWS AND MORE
\h\hTHAN 5,000 RAMS AND EWES$��

\h\h\h\h\hAND MORE THAN 1,500 MEN,
IN TRAVELING OVER THOSE PLAINS,

WOULD LEAVE NO MORE TRACE
\h\h\hWHEN THEY HAD PASSED;,E

\h\h\h\h\hTHAN IF NOTHING
HAD BEEN THERE -- NOTHING.COM

\h\hNarrator: IN THE END,
QUIVIRA TURNED OUT TO BE~\�

\h\h\hJUST A WICHITA VILLAGE ON
THE BANK OF THE ARKANSAS RIVER,�

\h\h\h\h\hA CLUSTER OF HUTS
SURROUNDED BY BEAN FIELDS,�.�

ITS INHABITANTS NO WEALTHIER��^

\hTHAN THE OTHER INDIANS
CORONADO HAD ENCOUNTERED.�
T

de Coronado: THE COUNTRY ITSELF��

IS THE BEST I HAVE EVER SEEN(�

FOR PRODUCING ALL THE PRODUCTS
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF SPAIN.���

\h\h\h\hBUT WHAT I AM SURE OF
IS THAT THERE IS NOT ANY GOLD�9

NOR ANY OTHER METAL
IN ALL THAT COUNTRY --��

FRANCISCO VASQUEZ de CORONADO.VIR

Narrator: FINALLY, CORONADO
\h\hORDERED HIS EXHAUSTED MEN�

TO BEGIN THE LONG MARCH BACK
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTO MEXICO.�VE

HIS SEARCH FOR THE SEVEN CITIES
OF GOLD HAD LASTED THREE YEARS,�X�

\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hLED HIM
ACROSS A QUARTER OF THE WEST,��

AND EARNED HIM NOTHING.a4

Man: NEESH-NE-PARK-KE-OOK --
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE CUT NOSE.a"-

MANDEH-KAHCHU -- EAGLE'S BEAK.*ـ

Woman: UMENTUCKEN --
\h\h\hMOUNTAIN LAMB.���

\h\hWAHEENEE-WEA --
BUFFALO BIRD WOMAN.��

\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hWATKUWEIS --
RETURNED FROM A FARAWAY COUNTRY.fp�

Momaday: NAMES IN THE INDIAN
\h\h\hWORLD ARE VERY IMPORTANT,���

AS IMPORTANT OR MORE IMPORTANT,
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hI THINK,庈

THAN IN ANY OTHER SOCIETY
\h\h\h\h\h\hTHAT I KNOW.��

\h\h\h\h\h\hNAMING IS --
IT COEXISTS WITH MEANING.��s

IT IS INDIVISIBLE WITH BEING.L�s

IF SOMETHING HAS A NAME,
\h\h\h\hIT IS SAID TO BE.��

IF IT DOES NOT HAVE A NAME,
\h\h\hITS BEING IS SUSPECT.�

\h\h\h\hI WAS TAKEN,
WHEN I WAS AN INFANT,ʝ]

TO DEVIL'S TOWER BY MY PARENTS.���

AND WHEN I WAS BROUGHT BACK
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTO OKLAHOMA,��l

WHERE MY GRANDMOTHER LIVED,G

AN OLD MAN CAME TO VISIT --�-

\h\h\h\hAN OLD MAN WHOSE NAME WAS
PUL HUH, WHICH MEANS "OLD WOLF."��~

AND HE PICKED ME UP
\h\h\hIN HIS HANDS,���

AND HE BEGAN TO TELL STORIES.w�

\h\h\h\h\h\hAND THIS WAS
THE NAME-GIVING PROCESS.�

\h\h\h\h\hAND AT THE END,
WHEN HE STOPPED TALKING,}�

HE LOOKED DOWN AT ME
\h\h\h\hAND HE SAID,�u

"AND NOW, YOU ARE ZUI TALI."v�O

\h\h\hTHAT'S MY INDIAN NAME,
AND IT MEANS "ROCKTREE BOY."$�

"ZUI" IS WHAT THE KIOWAS
\h\h\hCALL DEVIL'S TOWER.�:.

AND I WAS GIVEN THAT NAME
\h\h\h\h\hTO COMMEMORATE���

\h\h\hMY HAVING BEEN TAKEN
TO THIS VERY SACRED PLACE.�r�

\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator:
THERE WAS "CONQUERING BEAR"�QY

AND "ONE WHO YAWNS"...#+�

\h"CHILD OF THE WOLF"
AND "SON OF STAR"...$��

\h\h\h\h"ROCK FOREHEAD"
AND "MAN ON A CLOUD"...

"OWL WOMAN," "SOFT WHITE CORN,"~�V

\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND
"THE BLIND MAN'S DAUGHTER"...��.

"YELLOW SMOKE," "THE WHIRLWIND,"� U

\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND
"HIN-MAH-TOO-YAH-LAT-KEKHT" --��;

\h\h"THUNDER ROLLING
FROM THE MOUNTAINS."D��

\h\h\h\h\hSOON, OTHER MEN,
WITH OTHER KINDS OF NAMES,KHT

WOULD BEGIN TO CONVERGE
ON THE INDIAN WORLD --E�v

SIR FRANCIS DRAKE OF ENGLAND...p�

\h\h\hROBERT CAVELIER SIEUR
de LA SALLE FROM FRANCE...�r1

\h\h\hVITUS BERING,
SAILING FOR RUSSIA.�

\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND THEY
WERE ONLY THE BEGINNING.~h

\h\h\h\h\h\hMan: THE WEST
IS AN INTERRUPTED DREAM.}�

DIFFERENT GROUPS OF PEOPLE
THAT HAVE COME TO THE WEST���

HAVE INTERRUPTED THE NATURAL
\h\h\hEVOLUTION OF THE GROUPS��

THAT THEY FOUND THERE.�;'

AND SO WE HAVE A CONSTANT
\h\hMEETING IN THE WEST,�l�

A CONSTANT MIGRATION
AND MEETING OF GROUPS.��0

AND THE REAL STORY, I THINK,#z�

LIES IN HOW THOSE GROUPS
\h\h\hAFFECT EACH OTHER.~h

\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator:
BY 1680, AS ENGLISH COLONISTS��B

WERE CRUSHING INDIAN RESISTANCE
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN NEW ENGLAND,s@T

\h\hTHE SPANISH WERE FIRMLY IN
CONTROL OF MOST OF THE PUEBLOS��

OF THE SOUTHWEST.1�0

\h\h\h\h\h\h\hEACH PUEBLO
HAD BUILT ITS OWN CHURCH,

AND PRIESTS HAD BAPTIZED
\h\hTHOUSANDS OF INDIANS.�Q

THE SPANISH HAD ESTABLISHED�d�

\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hA COLONY
THEY NOW CALLED "NEW MEXICO,"��

CENTERED AROUND ITS GROWING
\h\h\h\hCAPITAL, SANTA FE.��<

Oritz: THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLES
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hON THEIR SIDEa�O

SAW WHAT THE SPANIARDS OFFEREDF�S

AS JUST ANOTHER POWER
TO ADD TO THEIR OWN.��

THEY CONCEDED READILY
\hTHAT THE SPANIARDS�"�

MUST BE VERY POWERFUL PEOPLE
\h\h\hBECAUSE THEY HAD GUNS,ݲ�

THEY HAD HORSES.
��

\hSO THEY WERE HAPPY ENOUGH
TO ADD THE SPANISH SAINTS,>�

BUT WITHOUT REPLACING THEIR OWN,
\h\hWITHOUT GIVING UP THE VISIONS��5

\h\h\h\h\h\hAND DREAMS
OF THEIR OWN FOREBEARS.&

THIS IS WHAT THE FRIARS
WOULD HAVE NOTHING OF.���

FOR THE FRIARS, IT WAS THEIR WAY
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOR NO WAY AT ALL.:P�

\hNarrator: EUROPEAN DISEASES HAD
TORN THROUGH THE PUEBLO PEOPLES,��

KILLING A THIRD OF THEM.

SUMMER AFTER SUMMER,
IT HAD REFUSED TO RAIN. TH

WITH THE DROUGHT CAME FAMINE�e5

AND RAIDS BY THEIR ENEMIES --
\hTHE APACHE AND THE NAVAJO.OPL

ALL THESE MISFORTUNES
\h\h\hCOMING AT ONCEJ�F

\h\h\h\hCONVINCED A PRIEST OF
THE TEWA PUEBLO, CALLED Popé,_�

THAT THE ANCIENT SPIRITS
\h\h\h\hWERE DISPLEASED.

\h\hHE BEGAN PREACHING THAT THE
FOREIGNERS MUST BE DRIVEN OUT.���

\h\hTHE SPANISH REDOUBLED
THEIR EFFORTS TO BLOT OUT ��

THE PUEBLOS' TRADITIONAL FAITH.z�

RITUAL DANCES WERE FORBIDDEN,
\h\hRELIGIOUS OBJECTS BURNED.�X�

\h\h\h\h\h\h\h[ DRUM BEATS,
NATIVE AMERICAN CHANTING ]��

TWICE, THE SPANISH HAD Popé
\h\h\h\h\hFLOGGED PUBLICLY,C d

BUT THEY COULD NOT SILENCE HIM.PB

FINALLY, 47 RELIGIOUS LEADERS�?�

WERE IMPRISONED IN THE PALACE
OF THE GOVERNORS IN SANTA FE��

\h\hFOR SPEAKING OUT
AGAINST THE SPANISH.�

THREE WERE HANGED.V�

Oritz: IT WAS PROBABLY
\h\h\hTHE FINAL INSULT.��

THEY UNDERSTOOD ONCE AND FOR ALL
\h\h\h\h\hTHEN THAT THE SPANIARDS�

THAN TOTAL VICTORY.��

Narrator: Popé BEGAN TRAVELING
\h\h\hFROM VILLAGE TO VILLAGE,+��

\h\h\hSPREADING HIS MESSAGE
THAT ALL THE PUEBLO INDIANSdW

\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hMUST FORGET
THEIR LONG-STANDING DIFFERENCES,P�

\h\h\h\h\h\h\hBAND TOGETHER,
AND RID THEMSELVES OF SPAIN.��)

THREE PUEBLO LEADERS,
\h\h\hLOYAL TO SPAIN,���

BEGGED THE SPANISH GOVERNOR
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hFOR HELP.�W�

Man: THE INDIANS OF THIS KINGDOM�&:

\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hARE ALLIED
FOR THE PURPOSE OF REBELLING.��N

THEY PLAN TO KILL THE PRIESTS
\h\h\hAND ALL THE SPANIARDS --F�

EVEN WOMEN AND CHILDREN --�*�

THUS TO DESTROY THE TOTAL
POPULATION OF THIS KINGDOM.c�

Narrator: ON A PREARRANGED DAY,
\hPUEBLOS ALL ACROSS NEW MEXICO�

ROSE AND OVERTHREW
\h\hTHE SPANISH --�5�

AT TAOS, SANTA CLARA,
\h\h\h\hAND PICURIS,���

KERES, HOPI, AND SANTA CRUZ.NG\

THEY KILLED THE FRIARS,
LEVELED THEIR CHURCHES.��}

TWENTY-ONE PRIESTS WERE KILLED.�>>

SO WERE AT LEAST 400 SETTLERS.Ԃ

SURVIVORS FOUND SANCTUARY
\h\h\h\h\h\hIN SANTA FE,a3

HUDDLED INSIDE THE PALACE
\h\h\h\hOF THE GOVERNORS.�N�

2,500 INDIANS SURROUNDED THEM,
\h\h\h\h\hCUT OFF THEIR WATER,�s

BURNED THE REST OF THE CAPITAL,YAL

AND SANG THE CATHOLIC LITURGY
\hIN LATIN -- TO MOCK THEM.

AFTER 11 DAYS OF SIEGE,
\hTHE SURVIVING SPANISH�7�

FOUGHT THEIR WAY OUT
\hAND FLED TO MEXICO.

THE INDIANS DID NOT PURSUE THEM.ISH

Oritz: THAT WAS THE WHOLE OBJECT
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF THE REVOLT --�P

TO GET THE HATED SPANIARDS
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTO LEAVE.��7

AND WHEN THEY ACHIEVED
\h\h\h\hTHAT OBJECTIVE,0��

THEY SAT BACK AND WERE CONTENT.N��

Narrator: FOR THE MOMENT,
\

IT WAS ENOUGH THAT THE LAND
\h\h\h\h\hWAS THEIRS AGAIN,��'

THAT THEY COULD ONCE AGAIN
\h\h\hPRACTICE THEIR FAITH��L

WITHOUT FEAR OF PUNISHMENT.\h\

Popé HAD LED THE MOST SUCCESSFUL
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hINDIAN REVOLTH�

\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN ALL
OF NORTH AMERICAN HISTORY.@�D

BUT INDIAN INDEPENDENCE
\h\hDID NOT LAST LONG.���

THE SPANISH EVENTUALLY RETURNED
\hAND OVERWHELMED THE PUEBLOS.b��

BUT THEY GREW MORE TOLERANT
\h\h\h\hOF INDIAN RELIGION.�$a

INDIANS AND SPANIARDS
BEGAN TO INTERMARRY.'+�

Anaya: THINK OF TWO WORLDVIEWS
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hCOMING TOGETHER

WITH COMPLETELY DIFFERENT
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hCONCEPTIONS�@

OF THE UNIVERSE AND OF NATURE.\y�

AND A LOT OF TIMES WHEN WE SPEAK
\h\h\hOF THE MEETING OF CULTURES,H

\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hWE FORGET
THAT BEYOND THE INITIAL CLASH�

EMERGES A NEW VIEW OF THE WORLD.h\h

\h\h\hAND I THINK THAT'S WHAT
WE CHICANOS REPRESENT TODAY.��'

[ NATIVE AMERICAN CHANTING ]��'

[ CHANTING CONTINUES ]NG

IT HAS A SHAGGY NECK AND A TAIL
\h\h\hALMOST TOUCHING THE GROUND.�l5

ITS HOOFS ARE ROUND.:�

THIS ANIMAL WILL CARRY YOU
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hON HIS BACK6d

AND HELP YOU IN MANY WAYS.x |

THOSE FAR HILLS THAT SEEM ONLY
A BLUE VISION IN THE DISTANCElPH

TAKE MANY DAYS TO REACH NOW.s��

\h\hBUT WITH THIS ANIMAL, YOU
CAN GET THERE IN A SHORT TIME,

SO FEAR HIM NOT.�

REMEMBER WHAT I HAVE SAID --
\h\h\h\h\h\hSWEET MEDICINE.�U�

\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator:
ACCORDING TO CHEYENNE TRADITION,.�V

THERE WAS ONCE A PROPHET
\h\hNAMED SWEET MEDICINE

\h\h\hWHO TAUGHT HIS PEOPLE
HOW TO CONDUCT THEMSELVES.�

HE SET UP A COUNCIL OF 44 CHIEFS
\h\hTO SPEAK FOR ALL THE CHEYENNE�"�

\h\h\h\hAND PRESENTED THEM
WITH FOUR SACRED ARROWS --Fh�

\h\h\h\hTWO TO SUBDUE
THEIR HUMAN ENEMIES,

TWO TO MAKE THE BUFFALO
\h\h\hFALL BEFORE THEM.镰

AND HE BROUGHT THEM A WARNING --��

\h\hSTRANGERS CALLED "EARTH MEN"
WOULD ONE DAY APPEAR AMONG THEM,�@w

\h\h\h\h\h\hLIGHT-SKINNED,
SPEAKING AN UNKNOWN TONGUE.�-q

\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND WITH THEM
WOULD COME A STRANGE ANIMAL.�Z�

\h\h\h\h\h\hIT WOULD CHANGE
THE CHEYENNE WAY OF LIFE --+*�

\hAND THAT OF EVERY OTHER
INDIAN PEOPLE -- FOREVER.)'�

IT WAS THE HORSE.4

[ NEIGHING ]��

APACHE AND NAVAJO RAIDERS
\h\h\h\h\hGOT THEM FIRST,

\h\h\h\h\hBUT WHEN THE SPANISH
WERE DRIVEN OUT OF NEW MEXICO,?�\

THE THOUSANDS OF HORSES
\h\h\hTHEY LEFT BEHINDS�

SPREAD ACROSS THE WEST.6�h

\h\h\h\h\h\hBY THE 1690s,
THE HORSE WAS BEING USED

\h\h\h\h\h\h\hBY TRIBES
OF THE SOUTHERN PLAINS.��

\hBY 1700, IT HAD TRANSFORMED THE
LIVES OF THE KIOWA AND COMANCHE,w�

ALONG THE EASTERN FOOTHILLS
\h\h\h\h\h\hOF THE ROCKIES.��1

AT THE SAME TIME,�&�

THE HORSE REACHED THE SHOSHONE
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND BANNOCK

IN WHAT IS NOW IDAHO.O

\h\h\h\hTHE NEZ PERCE
STOLE SOME FROM THEM,�S�

AND SOON HAD HERDS THAT NUMBERED
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN THE THOUSANDS�

IN THE LUSH WALLOWA VALLEY
\hOF THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST.$��

Momaday: IT MUST HAVE BEENTHE

THE REALIZATION OF AN ANCIENT
\h\h\h\hDREAM TO BE ELEVATED,��

TO BE SEVERED FROM THE EARTH,
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hCUT FREE.�1�

WHAT A SENSE OF LIFE
THAT MUST HAVE BEEN,��I

DIFFERENT TO ANYTHING
THEY HAD EVER KNOWN.�D

AND WITH THE HORSE,���

\h\hTHEIR ANCIENT NOMADISM WAS
REALIZED TO THE FULLEST EXTENT,�l�

AND THEY HAD CONQUERED
\h\hTHEIR OLDEST ENEMY,�~}

WHICH WAS DISTANCE.E

Narrator: THE GREAT PLAINS NOW
BECAME A CROWDED MEETING GROUND�l�

FOR SOME 30 TRIBES
FROM EVERY DIRECTION.��.

THE HORSE BECAMEKp:

THE MOST PRECIOUS SYMBOL
OF WEALTH AND PRESTIGE --v�u

A VALUABLE PRIZE TO STEAL
\h\h\h\hFROM YOUR ENEMIES���

AND A FASTER WAY TO REACH THEM.Lv�

A MAN'S BRAVERY WAS MEASURED
BY THE SIZE OF HIS HORSE HERDu�&

AND BY THE NUMBER OF TIMESEM.

HE HAD TOUCHED AN ENEMY
\h\h\h\h\hIN BATTLE --P&2

CALLED "COUNTING COUP."=4:

\h\h\h\h\h\hWITHIN EACH TRIBE,
WARRIOR SOCIETIES FLOURISHED --�t�

THE BLACKMOUTHS, THE BOWSTRINGS,
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE DOG SOLDIERS.ou

Momaday: BEFORE THE HORSE,
\hLIFE MUST HAVE BEEN HARD.w�

A PERSON WOULD HAVE TO GIVEa�

VIRTUALLY EVERY HOUR
\h\hOF HIS WAKING TIMEa��

TO SOLVING THE SIMPLE PROBLEM
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF SURVIVAL --

\h\h\h\h"WELL, HOW AM I GOING
TO GET ENOUGH FOOD FOR MYSELF�

AND MY FAMILY TODAY?"�&�

BUT WITH THE HORSE,��

A HUNTER COULD ACQUIRE ENOUGH
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hFOOD IN ONE DAY7�

TO LAST HIM MONTHS.de�

AND SO HE WAS SUDDENLY GIVEN
\h\h\h\h\hA MARGIN OF FREEDOM��b

\h\h\h\hTHAT HE COULD
NEVER HAVE IMAGINED.�V

AND SO WHAT HE DID WITH IT,
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF COURSE,
d�

WAS TO CELEBRATE IT IN TERMS
\h\h\hOF THE WARRIOR IDEAL --�;N

"I HAVE LEISURE.�,�

\h\h"I CAN GO AND HUNT, AND I CAN
VISIT MY ENEMIES AND COUNT COUP.�A�

\h\h\h\h\hI CAN BE BRAVE,
AND I CAN ATTAIN GLORY."x$E

\h\h\h\h\h\h\h[ DRUM BEATS,
NATIVE AMERICAN CHANTING ]��=

Man: I LONGED TO JOIN THE WAR
\hPARTIES I WATCHED GOING OUT.�T�

\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN THE EVENINGS,
I WANDERED THROUGH THE VILLAGE

UNTIL I FOUND A TEPEEYbg

WHERE SOME OLD MAN WAS TELLING
\h\h\hSTORIES OF FAMOUS RAIDS.���

I WOULD SIT OUTSIDE, MY EAR
\h\hPRESSED TO THE SKIN WALL.[D

I HATED THIS QUIET LIFE.��G

AFTER HUNTING BUFFALO
\hUNTIL I GREW BORED,���

AND THINK ABOUT THE HONORS
\h\h\h\hA MAN COULD WIN --�I�

TWO LEGGINGS.

\hMomaday: THE DOG SOLDIERS WERE
THE ELITE MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS�^

IN THE TRIBE. AB

\h\hTHEY WERE THE LAST LINE
OF DEFENSE FOR THE PEOPLE.Z

AND SO THEY WERE
GREATLY ESTEEMED.�

THE WARRIORS IN THE SOCIETY
WERE OUTFITTED WITH A SASH,,�[

\h\h\h\hA PARTICULAR SASH
WHICH TRAILED THE GROUND.�

\h\h\h\hAND EACH MEMBER
CARRIED A SACRED ARROW.��

AND IN TIME OF BATTLE,�6u

THE DOG SOLDIER WOULD IMPALE
\h\h\hTHE SASH TO THE GROUND�y�

AND STAND THE GROUND
\h\h\h\hTO THE DEATH.L�

THEY HAD A SONG WHICH ONLY
\h\h\hTHE MEMBERS COULD SING,{C�

AND ONLY IN THE FACE OF DEATH.Ӄ�

SO YOU CAN IMAGINE
\h\hTHAT CHILDREN,���

WHEN THEY SAW A DOG SOLDIER
\h\hGO BY, MUST HAVE JUST,,{

"AH, WOW! LOOK AT THAT GUY.
\h\h\hHE'S A DOG SOLDIER."/�}

Man: A MAN COULD NOT EVEN
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hCOURT A GIRL

UNLESS HE HAD PROVED
\h\h\h\hHIS COURAGE.飰

THAT WAS ONE REASONVE

\h\h\hSO MANY WERE ANXIOUS
TO WIN GOOD WAR RECORDS --��

THEY WERE ALL AFRAID
\h\hOF WHAT PEOPLE,�

AND ESPECIALLY THE WOMEN, WOULD
\h\h\h\hSAY IF THEY WERE COWARDLY.�

THE WOMEN EVEN HAD A SONG
\h\h\h\h\hTHEY WOULD SING@�

ABOUT A MAN WHOSE COURAGE
\h\h\h\hHAD FAILED HIM --'��

\h\h\h\h\h"IF YOU ARE AFRAID
WHEN YOU CHARGE, TURN BACK.

THE DESERT WOMEN WILL EAT YOU.">�

IT WAS HARD TO GO INTO A FIGHT,
\h\h\hAND THEY WERE OFTEN AFRAID,�5�

BUT IT WAS WORSE TO TURN BACK
\h\h\h\hAND FACE THE WOMEN --s��

JOHN STANDS IN TIMBER.�=�

Archambault: AS A LAKOTA WOMAN
\h\h\h\h\hFOUR GENERATIONS AGO,J

I WOULD HAVE CUT OFF THE ARMS
\h\h\hAND THE LEGS AND HEADSl�

\h\h\h\hOF THE ENEMIES
THAT MY HUSBAND KILLED,?��

AND I WOULD HAVE PUT THEM
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hON A STICK,L&

AND I WOULD HAVE PARADED THEM
IN THE SCALP DANCE THAT EVENING
��

WHEN WE HONORED OUR MEN.)�

Woman: WOMEN USED TO GET OUT
\h\h\h\h\hAND SHOW, YOU KNOW,��

THAT THEY WERE EMOTIONAL --
I

WORRIED ABOUT THEIR WARRIORS
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hGOING OFF.

AND WHILE THEY WERE GONE,
\h\hTHEY ALWAYS WATCHED.�2T

WHEN THE HORSES GET TOGETHER,
\h\hTHEY MAKE A LOT OF DUST,

AND WHEN THEY WOULD SEE THIS,��:

\h\hWELL, THEY KNEW THAT THEY
WERE COMING BACK FROM A HUNT9j

OR A FIGHT, YOU KNOW.A�T

AND THEY RECOGNIZE
THEIR FAMILY MEMBER,��

\h\hAND THAT'S A WAY
THEY LULUED FOR THEM.���

[ LULUING ]OGN

THAT'S THE WAY THEY DID IT.N��

AND THEN THEY DANCED,�

\h\h\h\h\h\hALL JOLLY AND HAPPY
AFTER THEY FED THEIR WARRIORS,

AND EVERYBODY SPRUCED UP
\h\h\h\h\h\hAND GOT OUT,ᆑ

\h\h\h\hAND THEY HAD
A BIG VICTORY DANCE.�$

\hTHAT'S WHEN WOMEN ALL GET
IN A LINE AND DANCE AROUND.
�

\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator:
ON THE SOUTHERN PLAINS,�9V

THE COMANCHES BEGAN DRIVING
THEIR ENEMIES, THE APACHES,���

\h\h\hOUT OF THE GRASSLANDS AND
INTO THE DESERTS AND MOUNTAINS

OF NEW MEXICO.�8T

IN THE NORTH, THE LAKOTA --

\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOR THE SIOUX,
AS THEIR ENEMIES CALLED THEM --|�

PRESSED EVEN FARTHER WESTWARD,t�

\h\hPUSHING THE CHEYENNE AHEAD OF
THEM AND DISPLACING OTHER TRIBESR�"

\h\hAS THEY EXPANDED
ACROSS THE MISSOURI.K"�

Woman: OF COURSE, THE LAKOTA,
\h\h\h\h\hCHEYENNE, ARAPAHOS,4�

\hAND OTHER TRIBES
NEVER LET US REST,

SO THERE WAS ALWAYS WAR.�X.

\h\h\hWHEN OUR ENEMIES
WERE NOT BOTHERING US,;

\h\h\h\hOUR WARRIORS
WERE BOTHERING THEM,

SO THERE WAS ALWAYS FIGHTING
\h\h\h\hGOING ON SOMEWHERE.�<>

\h\h\hWE WOMEN SOMETIMES TRIED TO
KEEP OUR MEN FROM GOING TO WAR,&��

BUT THIS WAS LIKE TALKING
\h\h\h\hTO WINTER WINDS --
UE

PRETTY SHIELD.LI�

John Stands in Timber:
\hTHE WARRIORS CAME OUTvٴ

ON A HIGH CLIFF TO THE EAST�V�

\h\hAND SAW AN ENEMY VILLAGE
DOWN THERE, A CROW VILLAGE,�<

BUT NOBODY SEEMED AROUND.���

\h\h\hJUST AS THEY GOT THERE,
THEY SMELLED THIS AWFUL SMELL.��(

AND WHEN THEY WENT
\h\hINTO THE VILLAGENG

AND EXAMINED THE FIRST TEPEES,���

\h\hTHEY FOUND THEM
FULL OF DEAD PEOPLE,D T

LAYING THERE WRAPPED UP.a�f

SO THEY GOT OUT OF THERE
\h\h\hAND STARTED BACK.�֎

BUT BEFORE THEY REACHED
\h\h\hTHEIR OWN VILLAGE,��#

ONE OF THEM GOT SICK
\h\h\hAND DIED TOO.E O

AND WHEN THEY GOT IN,�j�

\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE REST OF THEM
CAME DOWN WITH SMALLPOX ALSO.#+

IT KILLED MANY OF THEM --�


JOHN STANDS IN TIMBER.�Д

Narrator: SMALLPOX, CHOLERA,|G

TUBERCULOSIS, MEASLES,
\h\h\h\h\hDIPHTHERIA --�'

EUROPEAN DISEASES AGAINST WHICH
\h\h\h\hTHEY HAD NO IMMUNITY --O6�

NOW RACED FROM PEOPLE TO PEOPLE.� @

Dorris: WHAT MUST IT HAVE BEEN
\h\hLIKE TO LIVE IN A COMMUNITY:�

\h\h\h\hAND SUDDENLY A DISEASE
THAT YOU HAD NEVER SEEN BEFORE,��,

FOR WHICH YOUR MEDICINES
\h\h\hWERE NOT EFFECTIVE,

AND WHICH HAD HORRIBLY
\h\h\h\hUGLY SYMPTOMS,�I

WIPED OUT EVERYBODY YOU SAW?؉^

WAS IT WITCHCRAFT?
WAS IT A PUNISHMENT?�m�

WAS IT THE END OF THE WORLD?
\hWHO KNEW WHAT WAS GOING ON?D��

THEN THOSE PEOPLE WHO DIDN'T
DIE, THEY WERE LEFT STRAGGLERS.};�

IF THEY WERE CHILDREN,

\h\hTHEY WERE VERY DEPENDENT
ON ANYBODY WHO ELSE SURVIVED.�(

IT WAS A TOTAL HOLOCAUST.�]1

AND IT WASN'T THE CAVALRY.�-

IT WAS A SERIES OF PANDEMICS
\h\hTHAT WIPED OUT MOST PEOPLE�e�

\h\h\hBEFORE EUROPEANS
EVER ENCOUNTERED THEM.

Man: KNOW THAT, ON THE RIGHT
\h\h\h\h\hHAND OF THE INDIES,n7�

THERE IS AN ISLAND...VERY NEAR
\hTO THE TERRESTRIAL PARADISE,Έ

WHICH WAS PEOPLED
WITH BLACK WOMEN,���

WITHOUT ANY MEN AMONG THEM,��

BECAUSE THEY WERE ACCUSTOMED
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTO LIVEc�

AFTER THE FASHION OF AMAZONS.���

\h\h\hAND THERE REIGNED
IN THIS ISLAND, A QUEEN,��<

VERY LARGE IN PERSON, THE MOST
\h\hBEAUTIFUL OF ALL OF THEM.C�{

HER NAME -- "CALAFIA" --C&

GARCIA ORDOÑEZ de MONTALVO.r=

Narrator: IN 1533,[4"

A SPANISH EXPEDITION
SENT NORTH FROM MEXICO

HAD DISCOVERED WHAT ITS MEMBERS
\h\hASSUMED WAS A LARGE ISLAND.�.5

\h\h\h\hTHEY NAMED IT CALIFORNIA,
AFTER A MYTHICAL LAND OF AMAZONS0h`

THEY HAD READ ABOUT
IN A POPULAR NOVEL.

\h\h\hBUT THE COST OF COLONIZING
THE SOUTHWEST HAD PROVED SO HIGH ׺

\h\hTHAT SPAIN MADE NO EFFORT
TO SETTLE THE NEW TERRITORY.02�

\h\h\h\h\h\hFOR THE NEXT
TWO AND A HALF CENTURIES,$I

CALIFORNIA REMAINED ESSENTIALLY
\h\h\h\hUNTOUCHED BY EUROPEANS,�"�

\h\h\h\hHOME TO MORE
THAN 300,000 INDIANS,(�

LIVING IN HUNDREDS
\h\h\hOF SMALL BANDS.~s�

\h\h\h\h\hTHEN IN 1767,
IT ALL BEGAN TO CHANGE.r%�

RUMORS REACHED THE SPANISH
\h\h\hTHAT RUSSIAN TRADERS��

\hWERE BUILDING OUTPOSTS
ALONG THE PACIFIC COAST.

TO PROTECT SPANISH INTERESTS,
\h\h\h\h\hMEXICO CITY DECIDED'@

TO ESTABLISH A CHAIN OF FORTS
\hAND MISSIONS IN CALIFORNIA��

\hAND SENT A COLUMN
OF SOLDIERS NORTH.��K

WITH THEM WENT A MISSIONARY,
\h\h\hFATHER JUNIPERO SERRA.�k�

SERRA WAS A FORMER TEACHER
\h\h\h\h\h\hOF PHILOSOPHY,�

\h\hBADLY HANDICAPPED
BY AN ULCERATED LEG,

\h\h\hAND FURTHER WEAKENED BY HIS
HABIT OF SCOURGING HIS OWN FLESH

\h\h\h\h\hIN ATONEMENT
FOR THE SINS OF OTHERS.

BUT NOTHING COULD QUELL
\hHIS MISSIONARY ZEAL.OM

\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hBY MAY OF 1769,
SERRA HAD ARRIVED IN CALIFORNIAB\�

\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND MET
HIS FIRST POTENTIAL CONVERTS.}/

\hSerra: I FOUND MYSELF
IN FRONT OF 12 OF THEM,)�

AND I SAW SOMETHING
I COULD NOT BELIEVE.

\h\h\h\h\hIT WAS THIS --
THEY WERE ENTIRELY NAKED�B

AS ADAM IN THE GARDEN,
\h\h\h\h\hBEFORE SIN.

WE SPOKE A LONG TIME WITH THEM,�xQ

\hAND NOT FOR ONE MOMENT,
WHILE THEY SAW US CLOTHED,���

\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHREE OUT OF FOUR
OF THE COASTAL INDIANS PERISHED. 00:58:56,390
COULD YOU NOTICE THE LEAST SIGN
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF SHAME IN THEM --

FATHER JUNIPERO SERRA.W=$

\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hNarrator:
FATHER SERRA AND HIS FOLLOWERS���

HELPED ESTABLISH 21 MISSIONS
\h\h\h\hIN ALL -- SAN DIEGO,,@�

SAN GABRIEL, SAN ANTONIO
\h\hde PADUA, SAN JOSE --Lh

AND, ON A MAGNIFICENT BAY
IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA --W3

\h\h\hSAN FRANCISCO,
ESTABLISHED IN 1776,��s

\h\hTHE YEAR 13 COLONIES
ALONG THE ATLANTIC COAST5Ϣ

DECLARED THEIR INDEPENDENCE
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hFROM BRITAIN.��

NEAR THE MISSION AT SAN GABRIEL
\h\h\h\hIN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA,\

A TOWN SPRANG UP IN 1781,

SETTLED BY PEOPLE̿

\hWHOM THE MISSIONARY FATHERS
CONSIDERED LAZY AND CORRUPT,�'�

INTERESTED MAINLY IN DRINKING,
\hGAMBLING, AND PURSUING WOMEN.���

IT WAS LOS ANGELES.)��

[ ROMAN CATHOLIC CHANT PLAYING ]��

THE FRIARS BELIEVED THEMSELVES
\h\h\h\h\hENGAGED IN HOLY WORK.HED

THEY THOUGHT IT THEIR DUTY
\h\hTO ROUND UP THE INDIANS,��I

\h\hTO TEACH THEM TO WEAVE, MAKE
BRICKS, TEND CROPS, HERD CATTLE,� �

AND TO GIVE UP THEIR OLD WAYS.�X�

Man: THE FRIAR FELT THAT IF HE
\h\h\hDIDN'T SAVE THESE PEOPLE,�S

THEY WERE GOING TO GO TO HELL.[ �

\hAND SO HIS MOTIVE WAS --
GET THESE PEOPLE BAPTIZED,�~b

\h\h\h\h\h\hGET THEM TO BELIEVE
IN JESUS CHRIST AND HIS CHURCH,S�

\h\h\h\hAND GET THEM
TO BECOME CHRISTIANS���

SO THAT THEY CAN GO TO HEAVEN.kL�

OTHERWISE, THEY'RE IN THE GRASP
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF THE DEVIL.��

AND THIS WAS A VERY SERIOUS
RESPONSIBILITY FOR A FRIAR.��

Dorris: JUST IMAGINE
IF AN IROQUOIS HOLY MAN U

OR A LAKOTA MEDICINE PERSON
SUDDENLY ARRIVED IN PARIS,WI

TOLD EVERYBODY THAT CATHOLICISM
\h\h\h\h\h\hWAS DEVIL WORSHIP,=�

AND THAT THEY MUST BURN���

EVERY TRAPPING THAT THEY HAD
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF CATHOLICISM�

AND COMPLETELY CHANGE
\h\hTHEIR WORLDVIEW.2��

\hI DON'T THINK THE FRENCH
WOULD HAVE BEEN AS POLITE,U,

BUT, IN FACT, MOST MISSIONARIES
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hDID PRETTY WELL.��z

PEOPLE TREATED THEM
\h\h\hWITH RESPECT.

PEOPLE GAVE THEM
A PLACE TO LIVE.�4�

\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOFTENTIMES,
PEOPLE WENT TO THEIR SERVICES.]L3

SOMETIMES, THEY EVEN BELIEVED
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hWHAT THEY SAID.��,

Narrator: THE MISSION INDIANS --CHR

CALLED NEOPHYTES
BY THE FRIARS --h\h

WERE CROWDED INTO BARRACKS.

HANDPICKED INDIAN OVERSEERS
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hWITH WHIPST<

DROVE THEM FROM TASK TO TASK,
\h\h\hEVEN TO AND FROM MASS.�

THE NEOPHYTES TRIED AGAIN
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND AGAIN

TO ESCAPE INTO THE INTERIOR,��|

\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hBUT SOLDIERS
WERE SENT TO HUNT THEM DOWN.IP,

\h\h\hDURING THE MISSION PERIOD,
FROM SAN FRANCISCO TO SAN DIEGO,2�

"THEY LIVE WELL FREE,"
\hA PUZZLED FRIAR SAID,s^

"BUT AS SOON AS WE REDUCE THEM���

\h\h"TO A CHRISTIAN
AND COMMUNITY LIFE,

THEY FATTEN, SICKEN, AND DIE."�D

Man: THE OBJECT OF YOUR MISSION ֘

\h\h\hIS TO EXPLORE
THE MISSOURI RIVER,y�O

AND SUCH PRINCIPAL STREAM
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF IT,0��

\hAS BY ITS COURSE
AND COMMUNICATIONSUNT

\h\hWITH THE WATERS
OF THE PACIFIC OCEAN�ƙ

MAY OFFER THE MOST DIRECT
\h\h\h\h\hAND PRACTICABLE(f�

WATER COMMUNICATION
ACROSS THIS CONTINENT.

THOSE WHO COME AFTER US WILL
FILL UP THE CANVAS WE BEGIN --g�6

PRESIDENT THOMAS JEFFERSON.�

\h\h\h\h\h\h\h[ DRUM BEATS,
NATIVE AMERICAN CHANTING ]�8�

Narrator: FOR CENTURIES,3�H

\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE MANDANS
OF THE UPPER MISSOURI RIVER�"

HAD BEEN ONE OF THE MOST
\h\h\h\hPROSPEROUS TRIBES��

ON THE GREAT PLAINS --,3

LIVING IN PERMANENT VILLAGES�W]

AND GROWING CROPS
IN SUCH ABUNDANCESPE

THAT OTHER TRIBES CAME GREAT
DISTANCES TO TRADE WITH THEM.IN

EUROPEANS CAME TOO -- FRENCHMEN,
\h\h\h\h\hENGLISHMEN, SPANIARDS. ԯ

EACH TIME, THEY BROUGHT FLAGSب�

AND CLAIMED THAT THE MANDANS
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND THEIR LAND�i�

HAD NOW BEEN ADDED
\hTO THEIR EMPIRES.%�c

BUT THE MANDANS BELIEVED���

\h\h\h\h\h\hTHEY HAD MERELY ADDED
THE FRENCH, ENGLISH, AND SPANISH�D�

TO THEIR LIST OF CUSTOMERS.

EACH COUNTRY WAS SEARCHING
FOR THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE,OO

\h\h\hA WATER ROUTE BELIEVED
TO CONNECT THE MISSOURI RIVER���

WITH THE PACIFIC AND THE RICHES
OF THE ORIENT THAT LAY BEYOND.Uw�

WHICHEVER NATION FOUND IT FIRST,
\h\h\h\h\hAND THEN CONTROLLED IT,v�

WOULD CONTROL THE DESTINY
\h\h\h\hOF THE CONTINENT.�y�

Man: FROM THE TIME OF COLUMBUS,
\h\hTHE EUROPEANS WERE LOOKINGZ��

FOR THE FASTEST ROUTE THEY COULD
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTO INDIA AND CHINA.6��

THERE WAS STILL THIS NOTION9N

THAT THERE MUST BE
AN EASY WAY ACROSS,%�c

THAT IT COULDN'T BE
\hTHIS BIG A LAND.h\h

\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND PARTICULARLY,
THERE MUST A WATER ROUTE ACROSS.u�b

Narrator: ON OCTOBER 24, 1804,Y,\

\h\h\h\hTHE MANDANS LOOKED DOWN
FROM THE BLUFFS OF THE MISSOURI��

AND SAW THE LARGEST BOAT
\h\hTHEY HAD EVER SEEN -- RO

\h\h\h\h55 FEET LONG,
22 OARS AT ITS SIDES,靪

AND A CANNON MOUNTED IN THE BOW. d�

THEY HURRIED DOWN TO SEE IT.��

STRANGERS STEPPED
\hONTO THE SHORE,CT.

AND THEIR TWO LEADERS
SPOKE TO THE MANDANS.NCI

Man: CHILDREN, YOUR OLD FATHERS,
\h\hTHE FRENCH AND THE SPANIARDS,�%d

HAVE GONE BEYOND THE GREAT LAKE
\h\h\h\h\h\hTOWARD THE RISING SUN.
*

Narrator: THEY WERE EXPLORERS --
\h\h\h\hNOT TRADERS, THEY SAID --

ON THEIR WAY FROM ST. LOUIStΌ

TO FIND THE GREAT OCEAN
TOWARD THE SETTING SUN. PR

Man: CHILDREN, THE GREAT CHIEFi�"

OF THE 17 GREAT NATIONS
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF AMERICA��L

HAS BECOME YOUR ONLY FATHER.Y0

\h\h\h\h\h\h\hHE HAS COMMANDED US
TO UNDERTAKE THIS LONG JOURNEY.j��

Narrator: THE WHITE MEN SAID��

\h\h\hTHAT THE MANDANS HAD A NEW
"GREAT FATHER," FAR TO THE EAST,�+

\h\h\h\h\h\h\hMORE POWERFUL
THAN THE OTHERS BEFORE HIM.�,�

\h\h\hMan: CHILDREN,
FOLLOW THESE COUNSELS,��

AND YOU WILL HAVE NOTHING
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTO FEAR.sԗ

AND FUTURE AGES

WILL MAKE YOU OUTNUMBER
THE TREES IN THE FOREST.�v�

\h\hDO THESE THINGS WHICH
YOUR GREAT FATHER ADVISES��

\h\h\hAND BE HAPPY...
LEST BY ONE FALSE STEPC9�

YOU SHOULD BRING DOWN
\h\h\hUPON YOUR NATIONUj�

\h\h\hTHE DISPLEASURE
OF YOUR GREAT FATHER.6��

Narrator: THE "GREAT FATHER"
\h\h\h\hWAS THOMAS JEFFERSON,,S�

\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hPRESIDENT
OF THE NEW UNITED STATES,�d�

WHO HAD JUST PURCHASED
\h\h\h\h\h\hFROM FRANCE#p

HALF A BILLION ACRES --T

BETWEEN THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER
\hAND THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS --�M�

\h\hDOUBLING THE SIZE
OF HIS YOUNG REPUBLICj�

WITH A SINGLE STROKE OF HIS PEN.W T

JEFFERSON CALLED HIS EXPEDITION
\h\h\hTHE "CORPS OF DISCOVERY."�>�

TO LEAD IT,LED

\hTHE PRESIDENT HAD TURNED
TO HIS PERSONAL SECRETARY,�N,

\hMERIWETHER LEWIS, A YOUNG
ARMY OFFICER FROM VIRGINIA.��E

\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAS CO-COMMANDER,
LEWIS PICKED AN OLD ARMY FRIEND�L�

AND FELLOW VIRGINIAN,
\h\h\hWILLIAM CLARK,ATH

\h\h\h\h\hA GREGARIOUS,
SEASONED FRONTIERSMAN.IRG

\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hWITH THEM
WERE FRENCH-CANADIAN BOATMEN,�a�

THREE DOZEN ARMY RECRUITSS
�

\h\h\h\hFROM NEW HAMPSHIRE,
PENNSYLVANIA, AND KENTUCKY,

AND CLARK'S PERSONAL SERVANT,
\h\h\h\h\hA SLAVE NAMED YORK.>`

TO ACT AS TRANSLATORS,T\

LEWIS AND CLARK HIRED A FRENCH
TRAPPER, TOUSSAINT CHARBONNEAU,��Q

AND HIS 16-YEAR-OLD WIFE,
\h\h\h\h\h\hSACAGAWEA --�

A SHOSHONE WHO HAD BEEN CAPTURED
\hBY THE HIDATSA AS A SMALL GIRL.

Man: OUR WISH IS TO BE AT PEACE
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hWITH ALL.

IF WE EAT, YOU SHALL EAT.�

\h\h\h\hIF WE STARVE,
YOU MUST STARVE TOO --�

SHEHEKE.S

Narrator: THE EXPLORERS'�

SPENT THEIR FIRST WINTER
\h\h\hAMONG THE MANDANS,�

\h\h\hWHO SOLD THEM FOOD,
HELPED THEM HUNT BUFFALO,�c

AND GAVE THEM ADVICEr�

\h\h\h\hON WHAT TO EXPECT
FARTHER UP THE MISSOURI.ѓ

\h\h\h\hIN THE SPRING, THE CORPS
OF DISCOVERY STARTED WEST AGAIN.el

Man: WE WERE NOW ABOUT
\hTO PENETRATE A COUNTRY��

AT LEAST 2,000 MILES IN WIDTH,��

ON WHICH THE FOOT OF CIVILIZED
\h\h\h\hMAN HAD NEVER TRODDEN.:�

\h\h\hTHE GOOD OR EVIL
IT HAD IN STORE FOR US0J

\hWAS FOR EXPERIMENT
YET TO DETERMINE --�

MERIWETHER LEWIS.�

Narrator: IN THE MONTHS TO COME,�

\h\h\hTHEY PASSED THROUGH SOME
OF THE MOST MAGNIFICENT COUNTRYU�

ON EARTH,o�

\h\hSPENT WEEKS PORTAGING
AROUND A HUGE WATERFALL,��

AND NOTED ANIMALS NEVER BEFORE
\h\h\hDESCRIBED FOR SCIENCE --�W

GRIZZLY BEARS, PRONGHORN
ANTELOPE, BIGHORN SHEEP.Ӧ

\h\h\hAND THEY WERE ASTONISHED
BY THE MASSIVE HERDS OF BUFFALO�\

THAT SEEMED TO BE EVERYWHERE.

\h\hBUT THEY WERE FALLING
BADLY BEHIND SCHEDULE --<

THE DISTANCES WERE PROVING
\h\h\h\h\hTO BE FAR GREATER�

THAN THE EXPLORERS, JEFFERSON,
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOR ANYONE ELSEls

HAD EVER IMAGINED.I"

\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN EARLY AUGUST,
LEWIS LED A SMALL ADVANCE PARTY�n

ALONG INDIAN TRAIL THAT WOUND
\h\h\hWEST INTO THE MOUNTAINS.

COMING UPON AN ICE-COLD SPRING,
\h\h\h\h\hHE WROTE THAT IT WAS56

"THE MOST DISTANT FOUNTAIN
\hOF THE MIGHTY MISSOURI --oI

"ONE OF THOSE GREAT OBJECTS
\h\h\h\h\hON WHICH MY MINDIT

HAS BEEN UNALTERABLY FIXED
\h\h\h\h\hFOR MANY YEARS."y�

\h\hTHEN, HE CLIMBED TOWARD
THE SHARP RIDGE BEHIND IT.IT

Duncan: OF COURSE,J

\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE MISSION OF
THE LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITIONC`

\h\h\h\h\h\hWAS TO FIND
THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE.

\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHAT WAS
THE MOST IMPORTANT THING.҂

\h\h\hAND MERIWETHER LEWIS
WAS CLIMBING TO THIS RIDGEzx

THAT HE THOUGHT -- WAS SURE --
\h\hWAS THE CONTINENTAL DIVIDE.�(

AND AS HE WALKED UP THIS SADDLE
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN THE MOUNTAINS,

\h\h\h\h\h\hHE EXPECTED
THAT WHEN HE GOT THERE,DS

HE MIGHT EVEN SEE THE OCEAN,V�

BUT CERTAINLY HE WOULD SEE

THE WESTERN EQUIVALENT
\h\hOF THE GREAT PLAINSEA

\h\h\h\h\h\hAND A RIVER
THAT WOULD FLOW THERE.�l

AND AS HE GOT TO THE TOP,

\h\h\h\h\h\hHE LOOKED OUT
AND SAW MORE MOUNTAINS --O

SNOW ON THEM, ETERNAL SNOWS.��

AND THE MYTH OF THE NORTHWEST
PASSAGE DIED AT THAT MOMENT."R

Narrator: LEWIS HAD, IN FACT,

\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hCROSSED
THE CONTINENTAL DIVIDE --

\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE SPINE
OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS��

BEYOND WHICH THE RIVERS
\h\h\h\h\h\hFLOW WEST,�

AND BEYOND THE BOUNDARIES
\h\hOF THE UNITED STATES.;�

BUT HIS PARTY WAS STILL NEARLY
\h500 MILES FROM THE PACIFIC --�

\h\h\h\h\h\hAND SUMMER
WAS FAST DISAPPEARING.-�

Lewis: IF WE DO NOT FIND
\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE SHOSHONES�

OR SOME OTHER NATION
\h\hWHO HAVE HORSES,�

I FEAR THE SUCCESSFUL ISSUE
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF OUR VOYAGE�

WILL BE VERY DOUBTFUL --Y�

\h\h\hNOT KNOWING HOW FAR
THESE MOUNTAINS CONTINUE,I

OR WHERE TO DIRECT OUR COURSE
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTO PASS THEM --�|

MERIWETHER LEWIS.��

\h\h\hNarrator: THE NEXT DAY, HE
CHANCED UPON A SHOSHONE VILLAGE.a�

THE SHOSHONE HAD NEVER SEEN
\h\h\h\hA WHITE MAN BEFORElw

AND WERE SUSPICIOUS OF LEWIS.!�

THE FATE OF THE EXPEDITION
\h\h\hNOW LAY IN THEIR HANDS.j`

THEN OCCURRED ONE OF THE MOST
\hEXTRAORDINARY COINCIDENCESEM

IN AMERICAN HISTORY.�0

WHEN THE MAIN PARTY ARRIVED,�T

\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hSACAGAWEA,
THE FRENCH TRAPPER'S WIFE, M

\h\h\h\h\hSUDDENLY RECOGNIZED
THE CHIEF OF THE SHOSHONE --��

HE WAS HER BROTHER.�

\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hMan:
THE GREAT CHIEF OF THIS NATION'S

PROVED TO BE THE BROTHER
\hOF THE WOMAN WITH US.%

\h\h\hTHE SQUAW DANCED
FOR THE JOYFUL SIGHT,hN

\h\h\hAND THOSE INDIANS SANG
ALL THE WAY TO THEIR CAMP --�

WILLIAM CLARK.u

Narrator: WITH SACAGAWEA
\h\hAS THEIR INTERPRETER,�*

THE CAPTAINS EXPLAINED THEIR
\hNEED FOR HORSES AND GUIDES,�

\h\h\hAND THE SHOSHONES
AGREED TO PROVIDE THEM.�

\h\h\hLEWIS AND CLARK
HAD NO TIME TO REST.�

\h\hFROST ALREADY COVERED
THE GROUND EACH MORNING.w

\hTHE SHOSHONE TOLD THEM
OF A STEEP HUNTING TRAIL�1

ACROSS THE BITTERROOTS,
\h\h\hBUT IT WAS ROCKY,(

\h\h\h\h\h\h\hHEAVILY TIMBERED,
AND WITH LITTLE GAME TO SHOOT.--

\h\h\h\hDESPITE THE RISKS,
LEWIS DETERMINED TO TRY IT.,�

ON FOOT AND ON HORSEBACK,/�

\h\h\h\hTHEY HEADED ACROSS
WHAT ONE OF THE MEN CALLED�=

"THE MOST TERRIBLE MOUNTAINS
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hI EVER BEHELD."�4

Clark: SEPTEMBER 16, 1805 --\h

BEGAN TO SNOW ABOUT THREE HOURS
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hBEFORE DAY��

AND CONTINUED ALL DAY.O

\h\h\hTHE SNOW IN THE MORNING,
4 INCHES DEEP ON THE OLD SNOW,;

AND BY NIGHT, WE FOUND IT
\hFROM 6 TO 8 INCHES DEEP.

I HAVE BEEN AS WET AND AS COLD
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN EVERY PART;

AS I EVER WAS IN MY LIFE.

TO DESCRIBE THE ROAD
\h\h\h\hOF THIS DAY��

WOULD BE A REPETITION
\h\h\h\hOF YESTERDAY,/L

\h\h\h\h\hEXCEPT THE SNOW,
WHICH MADE IT MUCH WORSE.�

Narrator: FOR 11 DAYS,
DESPERATE WITH HUNGER,M

SOMETIMES ENTIRELY LOST,��

THEY TRIED TO FOLLOW THE OLD
TRAIL ALONG THE MOUNTAIN RIDGESV_

THROUGH SWIRLING SNOW.�?

THEY SHOT AND ATE A COYOTE,
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hA RAVEN,�

\h\h\hFRANTICALLY SPLASHED
AFTER CRAYFISH IN A STREAM,�[

CHEWED EVEN THEIR CANDLES,EE

AND FINALLY STUMBLED DOWN
\h\hOUT OF THE MOUNTAINS,��

MORE DEAD THAN ALIVE.�H

THERE THEY WERE FOUND
\h\hBY THE NEZ PERCE.

\h\h\h\h\h\hMan: THE NEZ PERCES
COULD HAVE KILLED THEM EASILY.�

THEY COULD HAVE WIPED THEM OUT.�@

BUT ONCE THEY KNEW THE INTENT
\h\h\h\hOF LEWIS AND CLARK --

THAT THERE WAS GOING TO BE
\h\h\hNO HARM DONE TO THEM --�_

\h\h\h\hTHEN, OF COURSE,
THEY BECAME VERY FRIENDLY e

AND THEY WERE WILLING TO HELP.

\h\hNarrator: THE NEZ PERCE
GAVE THE STARVING STRANGERS�

DRIED SALMON AND THE ROOTS
OF THE CAMAS PLANT TO EAT,+�

TOLD THEM IT WAS NOW POSSIBLE
\hTO REACH THE SEA BY WATER,��

AND ALLOWED THE AMERICANS
\h\h\hTO FELL FIVE TREESbi

FROM WHICH TO MAKE CANOES
\h\h\h\hFOR THE JOURNEY.�

LEWIS AND CLARK MOVED FAST NOW,N\

DOWN THE CLEARWATER,
\h\h\hTHEN THE SNAKE,OU

THROUGH CURRENTS, ONE MEMBER
OF THE EXPEDITION REMEMBERED,�

"SWIFTER THAN ANY HORSE
\h\h\h\h\h\hCOULD RUN," E

\h\h\h\h\h\hAND, FINALLY,
ONTO THE BROAD COLUMBIA.��

BY LATE OCTOBER,��

\hTHEY WERE SEEING SIGNS THAT
THEY WERE NEARING THE COAST.
�

SOME INDIANS WORE BLUE JACKETS
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND ROUND HATS,�G

BARTERED FROM BRITISH
AND AMERICAN SAILORSP�

\h\hWHO HAD BEEN TRADING ALONG
THE PACIFIC COAST FOR DECADES.&:

Lewis: THE INDIANS INFORM UShF

THAT THEY SPEAK THE SAME
LANGUAGE WITH OURSELVES�{

AND GIVE US PROOFS
OF THEIR VERACITY�A

BY REPEATING MANY WORDS
\h\h\h\h\h\hOF ENGLISH,a�

AS "MUSKET," "POWDER," "SHOT,"
\h\h"KNIFE," "DAMNED RASCAL,"�n

"SON OF A BITCH," ET CETERA.

Narrator: BY NOVEMBER, THE RIVER
\hSTARTED TO WIDEN STILL FURTHER.i

\h\hDuncan: YOU CAN IMAGINE
WHAT IT MUST HAVE BEEN LIKE�

FOR LEWIS AND CLARK.��

\h\hTHEY HAD BEEN GONE
FOR A YEAR AND A HALF, �

LONGER THAN THEY THOUGHT.��

\hTHEY WEREN'T EVEN IN UNITED
STATES TERRITORY ANY LONGER.�e

\h\hTHEY'RE COMING
DOWN THE COLUMBIA,e�

\h\h\h\hAND, SUDDENLY,
THE WATER TURNS SALTY,

AND THEY START FEELING
\h\hSOME TIDAL MOTION,0�

\h\hAND IT WAS THE ONLY TIME THAT
WILLIAM CLARK EVER GOT EMOTIONAL

IN TWO AND A HALF YEARS
\h\hIN THE WILDERNESS.��

Clark: NOVEMBER 7,
\hTHURSDAY, 1805 --%

A CLOUDY, FOGGY MORNING,
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hSOME RAIN.S

WE SET OUT EARLY --�^

THE FOG SO THICK WE COULD
NOT SEE ACROSS THE RIVER.>�

Narrator: THEN THE FOG LIFTED,
\h\hAND THE CORPS OF DISCOVERYcn

FINALLY SAW THE END
OF THEIR LONG TRAIL��

\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND A GLIMPSE
OF THEIR YOUNG COUNTRY'S FUTURE.�}

\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hClark:
WE ARE IN VIEW OF THE OCEAN --��

THIS GREAT PACIFIC OCEAN --�

\h\h\hWHICH WE HAVE BEEN
SO LONG ANXIOUS TO SEE.s

OH, THE JOY! --N

WILLIAM CLARK.)

\hNarrator: FOR NEARLY 300 YEARS,
EUROPEANS FROM DIFFERENT NATIONS�e

HAD BEEN ENTERING THE WEST
FROM DIFFERENT DIRECTIONS,��

PURSUING DIFFERENT MYTHS.hT

YET EACH INTRUDER HAD LAID CLAIM
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTO THE REGION,�

AS IF HE WERE THE FIRST
\h\h\h\hTO DISCOVER IT,þ

\h\hAS IF THE PEOPLE
ALREADY LIVING THERE��

WHOSE WORLD THEY HAD CHANGED
\h\h\hFOREVER, DID NOT EXIST.�D

A CONQUISTADOR HAD ETCHED
\h\h\hHIS NAME FOR SPAIN�C

ON EL MORRO ROCK IN NEW MEXICO.<

ON BEHALF OF FRANCE,
A NOBLEMAN HAD BURIED�j

A LEAD TABLET WITH HIS NAME
ON IT ON THE NORTHERN PLAINS.9T

A SCOTTISH EXPLORER HAD PAINTED
\h\h\h\h\h\hHIS NAME ON A ROCK��

TO CLAIM THE NORTHWEST COAST
\h\h\h\h\hFOR GREAT BRITAIN.N�

NOW, IT WAS THE AMERICANS' TURN.�

\h\h\hAT A POINT OVERLOOKING
THE PACIFIC OCEAN IN OREGON,�U

CLARK TOOK HIS KNIFE
AND CARVED A MESSAGE

IN THE BARK OF A TREE --A�

\h"WILLIAM CLARK,
DECEMBER 3, 1805.�

\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hBY LAND,
FROM THE UNITED STATES."9[

\h\h\h\h\h\h\hHIS NATION
WAS NOT YET 30 YEARS OLD,�)

BUT THE UNITED STATES ALREADY
\h\hCLAIMED HALF OF THE WEST.�0

\h\h\h\h\h\hIN 40 MORE YEARS,
AMERICANS WOULD HAVE IT ALL.hi

[ NATIVE AMERICAN CHANTING ]�

Momaday: IF YOU COULD TAKE
A PHOTOGRAPH, AT THAT TIME,k�

YOU HAVE ONE WORLD.D�

\h\h\h\h\hAND IT IS A WORLD
THAT IS FULL OF GOOD THINGS+�

AS FAR AS THE INDIANS
\h\hARE CONCERNED --SE

GAME IS PLENTIFUL, THEIR WAY
OF LIFE IS CLEARLY ESTABLISHED<

IN TERMS OF THAT LANDSCAPE.��

BUT JUST OFF THE PICTURE PLANE,
\h\h\h\hTHERE ARE THESE THINGS�

THAT ARE ABOUT TO DESCEND
\h\h\h\hUPON THAT WORLD.A

AND FOR THE INDIAN,
THEY ARE VERY BAD.NT

\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE CULTURE
IS SEVERELY THREATENED�

BECAUSE OF PEOPLE FROM OUTSIDE
\h\h\h\h\h\hWHO ARE COMING IN.��

AND THEIR ATTITUDE IS0

THAT EVEN THIS WORLD IS NOT
BIG ENOUGH FOR BOTH OF US.��

[ NATIVE AMERICAN CHANTING ]u

\h\h\h\h-- CAPTIONS BY VITAC --
BURBANK, PITTSBURGH, WASHINGTON��

\h\h\h\h\h\h\h[ DRUM BEATS,
NATIVE AMERICAN CHANTING ]�K

[ DRUM BEATS AND CHANTING
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hCONTINUE ][6

CFOR OVER A DECADE,c2

\hGENERAL MOTORS HAS BEEN
THE SOLE CORPORATE SPONSORki

OF THE FILMS OF KEN BURNS.S:

WE'RE PROUD OF OUR ASSOCIATION
\h\h\hWITH KEN BURNS AND PBS.��

IT'S ALL PART OF
GM's COMMITTMENTժ

\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTO SHARE
THE AMERICAN EXPERIENCE��

\h\h\h\hTHROUGH QUALITY
TELEVISION PROGRAMMING.�

\hTHIS PROGRAM HAS BEEN
MADE POSSIBLE BY A GRANT�d

FROM THE NATIONAL ENDOWMENT
\h\h\h\hFOR THE HUMANITIES.�

\h\hBY THE CORPORTATION
FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING{:

AND BY CONTRIBUTIONS
TO YOUR PBS STATIONP:

FROM VIEWERS LIKE YOU.