All language subtitles for S T R o t M S01E02 Human Machines 1080p WEB-DL DDP2 0 H 264-squalor 1_track3_[eng]

[Narrator] As far as we know,
we're the only beings on the planet

conscious of our own existence.

Is homo sapiens also to be
the final species of mankind?

[Sjoblad] There has been a number
of human species on this planet.

All of these have lived
and they have passed away.

Who says that homo
sapiens are any different?

Of course, we are just
also a passing stage

in the evolution of this planet.

[Narrator] But are we
rendering ourselves obsolete?

It is not obvious to me

that a replacement
of our species

by our own
technological creation

would necessarily
be a bad thing.

[Sandberg] I'm not very
afraid of artificial intelligence.

I'm rather optimistic

that this is going to be
one of the best things

that have ever happened.

[Narrator] Other
experts are skeptical.

Ask yourself: Are you
personally prepared

to become a member of
the number-two species?

Are yo

u prepared to go to take the risk that machines
could become far more intelligent than we are?

[Narrator] This is
not science fiction,

but the logical consequence
of technological progress.

[Indistinct radio chatter]

[Narrator] The digital age

has delivered boundless
possibilities for humankind.

After all, technology
has always been intended

to help optimize
our natural abilities.

But now computers and robots

are being designed to
become more human.

We're evolving together,
merging into one.

The final consequence
is a controversial vision.

Super sapiens.

[Narrator] Our planet
originated 4.6 billion years ago.

Homo sapiens started
to walk the earth

around the 200,000-year Mark.

He developed
culture, art, writing,

and he built monuments.

Humans also

started to alter their environment. The
intelligent man begins to shape the world

according to his wishes.

With the onset of the
industrial revolution,

the pace of human
progress exploded.

New technologies helped
us to explore our origins

and look into the future.

Today, the sum of our knowledge

is virtually doubling
on a monthly basis,

multiplying digitally at
such an extreme speed

that we can hardly keep pace.

But what does this
mean for humanity?

[Dawkins] In
biological evolution,

nothing ever plans ahead.

It's always the survival of the immediate short-term
advantage. Nowadays, we can look into the distant future

and plan for
long-term advantage,

even at the expense
of short-term advantage.

That's unique, that's new,
that's never existed before.

[Indistinct news
reports overlapping]

[Narrator] Inside an
unassuming home

just north of San Francisco,

the future of humanity
is being imagined.

My name is randal koene.

And I guess my life's
mission is to create

what I call substrate
independent minds,

or what's popularly
known as mind uploading,

the ability to move
a person's mind

into a digital substrate.

My background is in
computational neuroscience

and electrical
engineering and physics.

And I've been working
on this for, well,

almost two decades now.

[Narra

[Tor] Randal knows that he can't realize his vision alone.
The challenge is too great, the questions too complex.

But if randal should succeed,

he would forever
change human existence.

A mind that exists in a machine

lives differently than
one in a mortal body.

Randal wants to bring the
most capable scientists together

to create a kind of handbook
for his controversial vision.

[Koene] The big question

is: How do we do it? How do
you upload a mind into a machine

since, after all, no
one's done this before

and no one really
understands what the mind is

or how it works.

[Narrator] Randal still
has a long way to go.

But he's doing
everything possible

to ensure that his
ambitious project

does not hit a dead end.

In the process, randal relies
on cutting-edge technology

and the very latest research.

We do know that the human brain

is made up of around
100 billion neurons

arranged along a pathway

that stretches nearly
six million kilometres.

Should we mess
with that complexity?

On the road to the hum

an ghost in the machine,
fundamental questions arise.

[Koene] Are you still yourself
if you have perfect memory?

Is that still human?

Is it still you if you
have new senses,

and you can see in the X-ray
spectrum or something like that?

You have to ask yourself: What
does this all mean? And to me,

many of these things are unanswerables at this
moment. It's an exploration rather than a certainty.

[Narrator] Machines are
already becoming more human.

[Playing rock music]

[Man] Whoo, yeah!

[Narrator] At Oregon
state university,

a research team
is working on atrias,

a robot that can walk and
run like a human being,

and much more.

This robot can also detect
unexpected obstacles.

We hum

ans don't have much of a problem handling
uneven terrain. But robots have a harder time.

Here we go.

[Narrator] Teaching
machines to walk on two legs

has always been a challenge.

[Woman] Ooh, nice!

[Narrator] Now for
the ultimate test.

Atrias will compete
with a human being.

The developers are confident
their robot is up to the task.

I'm ready.

You need these.

Oh, man.[Narrator] its opponent gets a
handicapto enable a more balanced comparison.

Take your marks.

Get set.

[Starter pistol banging]

[Whooping]

Okay, okay, well,
congratulations.

[Woman] Thank you.

I have to admit you
won the race. Yes.

You did have a few advantages,
though. I saw you using your arms.

Mmm-hmm.

And you were looking everywhere
with your eyes. But that's okay.

[Woman] Yeah. Oh,
man. [Narrator] The resea

rchers launch a second attempt, this time
limiting the runner's freedom of movement.

Are you

ready? Yes, I'm ready.

[Narrator] And taking away
her sight. This is so hard.

Oh, my gosh.

Ooh.

[Man] Okay, you're
almost to the end, actually,

if you just want to keep going. [Woman]
Seriously? I've almost made it to the end?

[Man] Uh-huh.

Oh, this is...

It's such a workout, man.

You always have to keep
moving and balancing.

No wonder atrias's
motors got so hot.

Yeah, and there you are.

Okay.

Yay!

Okay, wait, let me bring
you a chair. Stay there.

Can I undo my arms?

Wait... okay. Move back.

There you go.

There you are.

Ah!

[Man] Now you can see.

That was so much harder than I
expected it would be. Oh, my gosh.

[Narrator] Humans
are still one step ahead.

But atrias is
constantly learning.

The project is a small step

towards the ambitious goal of
making machines more human.

Brain researcher randal koene
spends a lot of time on the road

searching for answers.

His ultimate goal is to upload the human brain into a
machine. In silicon valley, he's found like-minded people,

and extraordinary inventions.

In a small town in
northern California,

a developer is working on one
of the food industry's dreams:

A machine that can
automatically determine

whether a potato is good enough

to be accepted into
the marketplace.

Randal is here to find out more
about this intelligent machine.

How's the potato sorting?

Good, they're flagged...

[Koene] Well...

And we're using actually
this camera temporarily,

but what we're going
to use is this one

which has 1,000 neurons.

So the brain that's going to do the sorting
is going to be inside the camera itself?

Yeah, we'll have to
put three, three of them

in order to be able to
inspect the whole potatoes,

while it's flying.

You've got potatoes
flying out of the end,

and you're inspecting
them as they're in the air.

Yeah, and basically,
what we're going to do

is to inspect the texture and
the colour, and also the shape,

to make sure that
the shape is regular.

Because sometimes when we
get the potatoes out of the ground,

it's pretty nasty shape,

but this one, this one
is actually quite nice.

[Narrator] One way to
build intelligent machines

is to train them to observe,
understand, remember,

and to learn from the process.

This little computer
is learning to r

ead. It's shown letters
and registers their shapes.

Once the system has
learned to recognize the letters,

the ability to read accurately
is the next logical step.

[Automated male voice]
Initiating learning sequence.

[Automated female voice] "M".

"N".

"A".

"S".

"B".

"R".

[Automated male voice] "This...

Is...

My...

Brain..."

"This is my brain."

[Narrator] Guy
paillet's invention

performs even
more complex skills.

I just wanted to
show you very quickly,

the way we learn, and we
solve the confusion problem,

like learning the duck.

[Koene] Yeah.

And it will overgeneralize,
because if I go now to bird,

you will say if it's a bird,

it will say what's a bird is a duck. [Koene] Oh, I see it. It
thinks it's a duck, too, yeah. So I'm going to say, "okay, this

is actually exactly what
makes human learning,

neural learning, different
from the machine learning,

because if you've never seen

either a duck or a
regular bird before,

if you see one
today and you see,

say, a duck tomorrow,

you would think, "oh,
there is another bird."

Another one of those
new things I just saw.

[Paillet] Yeah, it's
a subcategorization.

So here we are just showing,

we have only two neurons

and it can already quite make a
distinction between the duck and the bird.

[Koene] Mmm-hmm,
that's really quick,

that it just learned that
right there.[Paillet] yeah.

[Koene] That is
something you wouldn't see

from traditional machine learning. [Narrator] Guy
paillet's special little chip can not only record,

recognize, and
differentiate things.

[Paillet] Now it's forgetting.

[Narrator] It can also
forget its own knowledge.

And forgetting is
a very human trait.

So this is basically the forget.

And one way of actually
making it more constant

is to force it to make
a second neuron.

So the chip can
recognize by itself

when it sees something new

and needs a new neuron for that,

and can do forgetting,

and it does rapid
real-time learning

and real-time recognition,

which is the same sort of
thing you see in humans.

[Paillet] This technology
has more potential

to become instrumental
for what randal wants to do.

Because it does not
need to be programmed,

it just has to be trained.

We are at the very
beginning right now.

So this is one of the
things that we are doing with

this tower that we
call the neurostack,

in order to try to see if we
can start a chain reaction,

of like when we are
thinking in our brain.

[Narrator] On the
other side of the world,

in Hong Kong,

a pioneer of
artificial intelligence

is on his way to see some
of the latest developments

in his field.

He has grave concerns about
where the science is heading.

My

Name is Hugo De garis. I was
a professor of artificial brains,

which is a field I've
largely pioneered.

[Goertzel] I first became
aware of Hugo's work

in the late 1980s
and early 1990s.

I started reading articles
about some mad scientist

working in Japan

using an artificial evolutionary process to learn
neural nets simulating small brain circuits,

and the aim was to do
that to control robots.

And I thought, "well,
that's pretty cool."

[De garis] But I'm
also rather political,

so I was thinking about the
longer-term consequences

and came to the very
pessimistic, negative conclusion

that there may eventually
be a species-dominance war

over this issue of whether
humanity should build

these god-like, massively
intelligent machines.

Maybe they will look upon
human beings as negligible pests.

"They're like a cancer
on the surface of the earth!

They're polluting the earth!"

Or maybe these
machines will say,

"well, let's get
rid of the oxygen,

because it's
rusting our circuitry."

[Harris] There is no
reason in principle

that information processing
has to take place in meat,

you know, in the wetware
of our biological brains.

That gets you halfway to
expecting that at some point

we will build machines that are
more intelligent than ourselves.

It's a fundamental game-changer.

Superintelligence will
be the last invention

that humans ever need to make.

After you have superintelligent
scientists and inventors,

programmers,

then further advances will be made by this machine
superintelligence, and at digital timescales

rather than
biological timescales.

[Mandeep] Hi, robosapiens.

What are you doing?

[Robosapiens] Why, mandeep,

I am just looking around.
[Mandeep] I am trying to talk to you.

Where are you now?

[Robosapiens] I think
I am in Hong Kong,

but sometimes I wonder what...

They're usually
hard to interrupt.

I don't understand you.

[Robosapiens] I
am listening to you,

but I can't understand
everything a human can... Yet.

For me, the question isn't:
Do we create a.I.S or not?

They're coming.

The question is: What can I
do to affect how it happens?

[Mandeep] Track!

[Robosapiens] Tracking friend.

[Mandeep] Identify.

[Robosapiens] I
think that's a book.

I would rather see a.I.

Develop sort of by the
people, for the people,

than develop within
a large cooperation

or within a government's
military organization.

A.i. Is under
rapid-fire development.

[Robosapiens] I am a robot and I
am only beginning to understand.

[Schneider] This is the
beginning of a new era

in which we train machines

in ways that are roughly similar

to the way that
perhaps children learn,

through brain-like techniques,

multi-layered neural networks
that are capable of intuition.

[Robosapiens] ...Molecules
is a chemical element

which can act...

So it is going to be difficult very soon
to even know what the machine is doing,

to make sense.

A.i. Is going to be
very sophisticated

far sooner than we think.

I mean, we have neurons

that can fire maybe 100 times per second
or so. Whereas even current-day transistors

operate at gigahertz levels,

billions of times per second.

If you look at how fast

signals can travel
in biological neurons,

100 metres per second
really is maximum speed,

whereas in computers,

signals can travel at the speed of light. Ultimately, the limits
of computation in the machine substrate are just far outside

with an impossible
biological construction.

[Har

[ris] A week's worth of progress in a
machine running a million times faster

than a human brain.

That's 20,000 years
of human progress.

So it's the idea that
the minds involved

will happily take direction
from us at that point,

that may be a
little far-fetched.

[Narrator] Skeptics
warn of the consequences

of continued unchecked
technological progress.

Do we build gods or do we
build our potential exterminators?

That I see

as the big question
of the 21st century.

[Narrator] But development
is not a one-way street.

Randal koene wants to
upload human consciousness

into a computer.

This would likely endow
the ghost in the machine

with human qualities.

[Koene] People often ask
me what it would be like

if I uploaded my mind or
if they uploaded their mind.

What is this going
to be like for me,

to be living in a
different kind of body,

having an emulated brain?

To be honest, we
can't really know

because there are so
many things involved there.

You can't predict
it all in advance.

All we can do is make
small iterative steps,

and at every iteration,
try to learn more about it.

I think it's really important

for the long-term
future of humanity.

It's important for
not just our survival,

our survival in the
sense that we survive

the next big meteorite impact.

But it's also important
for our meaningful survival.

So the ability to continue
to develop ourselves

and to be able to reach beyond what
we can even understand and grasp

within this little niche
that we evolved into.

[Narrator] Randal is on his way
to a meeting in San Francisco.

He has an appointment
with a researcher

he has wanted to
meet for a long time.

On a small scale,

Stephen Larson has managed to achieve what randal
might be working on for the rest of his life.

In the midst of day-to-day life, a
new life form will soon be revealed.

Threadworms are nasty parasites.

But a digital one is
something to celebrate.

[Koene] Stephen?

How you doing? Can I get you
something? Good to meet you.

No, I'm good.

Yeah?

So I can't believe that we haven't
met before. I mean, given openworm

and emulating the
worm, basically.

Yes, openworm is a project

where we're building the first
digital organism in a computer.

It's an open science project.

So that means
that we collaborate

with people on the Internet.

Okay, so let me show you
actually the simulated part,

since we were
talking about that.

So this is how it looks

when it's not the beautiful rendering.
So this is actually the output of...

[Koene] This is
beautiful, actually.

[Larson] Well, thank you, yes.

So...

[Narrator] The artificial worm

seems to move in a
completely natural way,

just like a real threadworm.

[Koene] ...To make it
as realistic as possible.

And it responds, right?

It responds to things.

If somebody looked at that,

they would see something that
looks a bit like a real creature,

or at least it seems
like a real creature

in some ways, right?

So if they asked
you a question like,

"oh, is this thing
in your computer,

is this alive?

And can it feel pain?"

What would you say to that?

Yeah, I think right
now, obviously,

our definition of life is
purely in physical matter.

So we've...

We would have a hard
time defining anything,

I think, that's in a computer

as anything more than sort
of a shadow of life, right?

What happens if you can do
this for a lot of different parts,

and you end up with basically an
entire organism inside of a machine,

life in a machine?

Yeah.

You know, what do you think?

Yeah, okay, imagine we open up your skull, and
we go and we find one neuron in your brain,

and then we
replace it, we plug in,

in the place where that
neuron is connected,

we plug our computer, and
now that computer is doing

what that one neuron can do.

And you know, are
you a robot at that point?

You'd say, "no, it's
just one neuron," right?

But now let's say I go and I
take a second neuron, right?

And I replace it.

And now am I machine yet?

No.

Okay, third, fourth, fifth. So the
whole idea of this thought experiment

is that now when you go to like, an iteration, and you
say, well, "so how many neurons do I need to replace

before you're no longer you?"

[Narrator] Stephen's project
shakes the very foundations

of our self-conception,

who we are, and
what makes us human.

Now you've got this en

tire human brain in your computer. So
you have to wonder: Is that a person?

Right.

[Koene] And how do you treat this brain in your computer?
That leads you then to the whole question of mind uploading,

you know?

Yeah.

This is very close.
This is this is basically it.

Right.

And would someone volunteer
for that? Would you volunteer for it?

Would you want
to do it yourself?

Right, so I guess...

I mean, there's also
specific questions like:

Do you have to chop up my
brain in order to upload me?

Because then I
don't have it anymore

and I can't really go back.

So I'm not so eager.

There's no undo button
then, that's the thing.

Right!

So I'm not yet so eager to,
you know, jump in and sign up.

But there's all sorts of other you know, interesting questions
that I'm sure you're exploring, like, "okay, so if you're

like, how secure
is that computer?"

[Narrator] An important
problem to address

as we're confronted
by an alarming increase

in the threat of computer
hacking and cyber crime.

Randal, however,
is not deterred.

[Koene] If I want to be
able to upload my mind

or upload your mind,

if we want to be able to do
whole brain emulation as such,

it means that we need to
be able to get really close

to the activity that's
going on inside the brain.

We need to be
able to register it,

characterize what's
going on in a circuit.

That's the way that people
make neural prostheses,

that's the way that
they can create a replica

of what's going on.

But right now, we still have a long way to go, because
most of the interface technology that's available

is very primitive,

and can only barely
record some information

or send some
signals to the brain.

[Narrator] The blue
brain project in Geneva

is decoding the
complexities of the brain.

[Walker] We understand
a lot about the cosmos.

We understand huge
amounts of physics,

we understand chemistry.

But why I am here,
capable of talking to you,

why I can understand
your questions,

why I can answer them,

why I may feel an
emotion while I'm doing so,

this, today, we seriously
do not understand.

And I think this is a
great human endeavour.

And it's what
motivates most of us.

[Narrator] Ric

hard Walker heads a team of researchers
who are taking the first serious steps

required to answer
those questions.

They're using
the brains of rats,

segmenting them
into ultra-thin slices

and recording their
measurements.

From these, a complex
model of the rat brain

is produced in the computer,

a kind of three-dimensional map

with all the natural
biological links and structures.

The important point is

it doesn't really matter what brain you're
talking about, as long as it's a mammal brain.

So you can do it for rats,

you can do it for
different bits of the brain,

you can do it for
rats of different ages.

We can do it for other
species of animal, too,

and we want to
end up with humans.

[Narrator] Richard
Walker and the researchers

have already moved forward...

[Electric lock beeping]

not least thanks to their
highly sophisticated laboratory.

They analyze scans of a
mouse's brain on a gigantic screen.

Each line represents
an individual neuron,

a brain cell connected
to hundreds of other cells.

Countless signals are sent
ceaselessly back and forth

across this organic network,

each of them stimulating
a specific reaction

at their intended receiver.

[Walker] This one here...

[Narrator] Our thoughts are a result of
the complex interplay between these cells,

as is, therefore,
our consciousness.

The goal the
scientists are striving for

is to crack the code behind
this evolutionary mechanism.

[Man] To provide us some
solutions in terms of intelligence...

When this is turned
into technology,

I think it can become
a very powerful tool.

And tools are not
all used for good.

When we have our machine tools,

we can use them to make wonderful surgical
instruments. We can use them to make vehicles.

We can use them to make weapons.

Some of those
applications are good,

and some are bad.

I think the ethics is not
the ethics of the basic work.

I think we should
carry on doing that.

Humans have always built tools.

Humans have always
searched for basic knowledge.

And I think it'd be catastrophic
if we stopped doing that.

[Narrator] Our most
advanced technologies

are being used to solve the
mysteries of the human brain.

On the other hand,

artificial intelligence is helping
to make machines more human.

[Man] Can I ask you a question?

Why is the sky blue?

[Automated male voice]
The sky's blue colour

is a result of the
earth's atmosphere

scattering all the short
wavelength blue light

shined on us by the sun.

The human eye
perceives the colour blue

when looking at
the sky as a result.

[Nar

[rator] Meet I.B.M.'S
state-of-the-art a.I. System Watson.

Watson is a
self-learning computer

that can understand
human language.

In 2011, Watson became famous

when it defeated two human
opponents in a quiz show.

It can even diagnose
medical problems.

Doctors were able to use
Watson's incredible computing power

to help identify the
genetic cause of disease

in a cancer patient
and suggest a treatment.

To do this, Watson scanned
3,500 medical studies

and 400,000 additional
texts, all in a mere 17 seconds.

Watson is also used
inside children's toys.

Dolls and dinosaurs are no
longer limited in their speech.

They're now capable of simple
yet complete conversations.

[Meyerson] Would you
like to eat the centrepiece?

[Toy's automated voice]
Well, it does look tasty,

but I'm not really that hungry.

[Meyerson] Oh, good lord.

A picky dinosaur.

It's actually not a toy.

It just disguised as a toy.

Very cleverly wrapped
in green plastic

and disguised as an
educational device.

But really, it's a personality.

It's a companion.

It's friends and intellect all wrapped
up in one. The fact of the matter is,

if you think about what Watson has accomplished,
people talk about it sometimes as a.I.,

you know, artificial
intelligence.

I actually prefer to think of it as accessible intelligence.
What I mean by that is really a revolutionary way

of interacting with these
tremendous capabilities.

You literally have access

by simple direct
human-like interaction.

You can say, "I'd like to
make something for dinner

that's based on...

I've got a particular fish in
mind, basa. What can I make?"

And chef Watson will simply come back
with an answer. That is at the human level.

You're not a chief
information officer,

you're somebody
standing there in the house,

sitting there and getting really tired of bringing in
pizza. You want to access it, it's like accessing this.

Ask a question.

Not that hard.

[Meyerson] Right,
go for it. Not that hard.

[Narrator] The smart
toy is really something.

[Sandberg] It's a very fun
game, I guess for the whole family,

except that it also shows us

we're inviting artificial
intelligence into our living room.

And we're probably not
thinking very much about it,

because it's just a toy.

When something is a toy, we
tend to find that simple and benign,

unless it's too
expensive or too violent.

But what is
happening is, of course,

with artificial intelligence,

it's rapidly becoming a
part of our everyday life.

[De garis] Ask yourself:

How much money

would you be prepared to
spend to buy a home robot

that was genuinely useful?

Imagine it could babysit
the kids and wash the dishes

and wash the clothes
and clean the house

and entertain you
and [inaudible] you

and educate you
and all those things?

Obviously, a major industry

worth trillions of dollars a
year worldwide in the 2020s.

So you see that coming.

And then, well, you can see the writing on
the wall pretty well. So if my left hand here

represents human
intelligence level,

and my my right hand here,

that represents
current, more or less,

machine intelligence level,

well, you can imagine
what's going to happen, right?

Millions, if not
billions of people

will see with their own eyes,

they'll see that I.Q.
Gap close, right?

And then lots of people start
asking the obvious questions.

Well, is humanity going
to allow these machines

to become as intelligent
as human beings?

[Narrator] At the Hong
Kong polytechnic university,

a team of researchers
is working full-steam

to develop precisely
the machines

that Hugo De garis warns
against so emphatically.

The head of the team here
is Hugo's former colleague,

Ben goertzel.

And Hugo and I
ended up collaborating

on his China brain project.

He and his students were
building a sort of neural net

a.i. Supercomputer

on a bunch of networked-together g.P.U.S. And
I went there and taught some of his students

how to use the early versions
of my opencog system.

Ended up hiring a few
people out of Hugo's lab

to come to Hong Kong
and work with me here

on opencog-related things.

[De garis] How can I put this?

He my best friend, so I don't hurt his
feelings, but... Hey, Hugo, how's it going, man?

It's hot.

Yeah, it is hot.

Yeah, it's been a while, huh?

He's not as political,
put it that way, as I am.

He's much more optimistic.

I'm more pessimistic.

I would claim more realistic.

What's up with you?

You're the one with the news.

Yeah, we got a lot... A lot of stuff going on
here, actually. So can your robot talk to me yet?

Well, we've been doing
some stuff with the robots...

When I was 18, I got
conscripted to fight in Vietnam.

And you know, believe me,
that experience radicalizes you!

Let's see a bit of
the funny little robots.

Okay.

[De garis] It forces you
to look on the dark side.

[Goertzel] You can
grab a chair, I guess.

[De garis] These machines
may become so advanced,

they may look on us the
way we look on bacteria.

Like...

[Stamping feet]...Every time I do this, stamping my
feet on the floor...[Stamping feet] Probably I'm killing

it's a hard floor.

But I'm human.

I don't give a damn about these bacteria that I'm
killing, because I feel I'm so superior to them.

They're one-celled creatures.

I'm a hundred-trillion-cell
creature.

Their death means nothing to me.

[Mandeep] So hi there.

[Goertzel] Do you remember Hugo?

Hugo De garis?

[Robotics whirring]

[Robosapiens] Hugo
De garis is a brain builder.

And he believes that
topological quantum computing

can help revolutionize
computer science.

We both see very clearly the
potentials inherent in physics

to just process information
and manifest intelligence

many, many, many,
many orders of magnitude

beyond what the
human brain can do.

[De garis] So the
circles are now nodes.

So how do you represent a link?

Again lines?

[Goertzel] Probably the one area where we have had the
most arguments, which have been, you know, friendly,

and by and large
stimulating and entertaining,

is in terms of the
human consequences

of the advancement of
a.I. Over the next decades.

Hugo has seemed to
consider it more likely

that super-advanced a.I.S
will just squash all humanity.

Whereas my best
guess, for what it's worth,

is that enhanced humans
and improved human life

will coexist with dramatically
superior superintelligences.

We have one advantage, too.

We get to make the first move.

We will create, design the first
superintelligence. And so if we do our job right,

then this superintelligence
should be an extension of us,

it should be on our side.

I'm not so sure that will work.

We can't even control
our own teenagers,

so how are we expected to
create a new kind of intelligence

that we barely will understand,

because it can
rewrite its own code,

and will think very
differently from us,

and still maintain
control of it?

I'm rather optimistic

that this is going to be one of the
best thingsthat have ever happened.

However, there is
a small probability

that it turns out to be the
last thing humanity ever does,

and it's the end of our species

and all the value we
can ever have achieved.

Inside the control
module, then...

I think Ben, by nature, he's
more of a techie than I am.

I mean, I was.

I've gone back to my first and
original love of math physics.

All the positi

ve things that could come out of artificial
intelligence, you know, I agree with Ben.

I just don't think
he goes far enough.

Bit of a Frankenstein
monster from various theses...

[Harris] If we built machines
more intelligent than ourselves,

that were capable of making

further changes to
their own source code,

so that they became
the drivers of progress

in building future a.I.,

then we would have built
something that in very short order

would become
functionally god-like,

but we essentially would
have built a god in a box.

And we will want
to be very careful

not to build an angry god.

[Narrator] The prototypes
in Ben goertzel's labs

seem neither angry nor
particularly highly developed.

But looks are deceiving.

The team is working on a way
to network intelligent machines,

by uploading their artificial
minds into cyberspace.

The mind will be in the cloud.

The sensors are
on the robot's body.

What we learn here from
playing with these prototypes

could then be commercialized.

If you can get intelligent
robots out there

with millions of users,

I mean, imagine the
amount of learning

that the a.I. Can do from
all these users, right?

Yeah, that's been your vision.

I mean, over at hanson's
office, we've got robots that...

His latest robot heads
really look totally realistic.

Look.

Like... like human beings.

[Goertzel in video] Then can
I see reality the way you do?

[Automated female voice]
Reality cannot be detected.

That's an interesting
metaphysics.

[A

[Utomated female voice] Make sense
to me. Oh, makes sense to me, too.

And he's coming over
to Beijing now, as well.

Yeah.

[De garis] So what's
in the suitcase?

[Hanson] Oh, this Sofia's body.

Here we go.

Aye-aye-aye!

There's a lot of requests for
companionship robots of various kinds.

Elder care companionship.

You know...

[De garis] 'Cause
it's so realistic!

I mean, just look like a mould.

[Hanson] Yeah,
so I like to sculpt...

I have that animation background. Now, wait a
minute, did it just move...? Oh, that was you.

[Hanson] Yeah, so what you might
notice is her lips can actually purse.

[De garis] Yeah.

It is kind of freaky.

[Hanson] Her mouth can make the full range of speaking motions.
So she's got cameras in her eyes and a camera in her chest.

She tracks faces.

She'll actually see your face and
make eye contact. [De garis] Brilliant.

[Hanson] Yeah.

[Narrator] Hugo
seems fascinated,

yet skeptical.

So in essence, the
collaboration between you two...

And a bunch of other people.

Keeping it simple, you're the body and you're the mind.
Yeah, so can you can you imagine yourself uploaded

into one of these robots?

I might be the millionth.

Millionth?

I wouldn't be the first.
[Goertzel] How about the second?

[Narrator] Like all
technological breakthroughs,

the development of human-like
machines may come at a cost.

But that will not stop the
human spirit of exploration

and thirst for knowledge.

[Goertzel] Well,
once I'm in there,

and then I tell you
how great it is...

Yeah, like that.

Then you may be convinced.
You know randal, right?

From minduploading. Org?

The neurophysicist?

Yeah, he's working on trying to figure
out how to get all the information...

Oh, from the brain?

[Goertzel] ...Out of a person's brain. How to read a
brain, upload a brain. Yeah, how to read the brain.

So then you could scan all the
informationout of a human brain...

put it into a computer,

which you could use to drive a body
like this. I mean, that's a huge task.

[Goertzel] Well,
they can't do it...

It's a quadrillion connections!

[Hanson] Yeah, so
randal's work is really neat.

[Narra

[Tor] Randal koene's project
entails enormous challenges.

I would like to transcend
the limits of biology,

mostly because those limits

are limits that are imposed
by natural selection.

So they're imposed by the
needs of the environment,

not necessarily the desires
of what we want to accomplish,

or needs that we
haven't encountered yet.

We've been messing around
with biological evolution

for centuries, even millennia.

Now we're coming to the point

where we can mess around with genetics
directly. And we can mess around with computers,

with robotic creations.

We are acting as
a kind of catalyst,

perhaps even
more than a catalyst,

for dramatic changes

in the course of evolution
broadly understood.

[Narrator] But the nature
of the consequences

is by no means solely technical.

When you talk about copying
information from your brain

into another system,

that poses a variety of
philosophical problems.

You seem to have
been duplicated at best,

but the fact that
your identical twin

is now able to live
out its adventures

and is immortal presumably,

that will be a cold comfort
to you having been copied.

So there are questions
of identity here

that would arguably
confound any notion

of uploading a human
mind into another condition.

Some people think that
the self is a program,

and you can download
and upload it at will.

I think that's a
category mistake.

I don't think a
person is a program

because the program is
like a mathematical equation,

where individuals who
function causally in the world

occupy space.

Equations aren't
located anywhere.

People often ask me: What is
it that you have to take along?

And what can you leave behind,

if you're going
to emulate a brain

so that you have a mind upload?

Which parts are essential?

What makes up me?

[Goertzel] The best way they
have to scan your brain now

is to remove your head...

freeze it, slice it like
in the deli counter,

and then scan each slice.

[De garis] Incredibly clumsy.

Then you try to reconstruct the connectome inside the
computer, and they're working on the three-dimensional

image processing...

There must be a much better way.

Well, I think if we just,
like, draw a hole here

and put some carbon
nanotubes in your head...

Yeah, yeah...

then maybe those nanotubes can snake around and read...
They could have tiny little radio transmitters and they...

It would also serve as a
brain computer interface

while you're still alive, right?

I think with my own personality,
if I upload myself anywhere,

I'm not that conservative.

So I would just... I would
want to enhance my mind

however I could.

If I could see through a billion sensors at
once and not just one body, then why not, right?

And if I could solve a
differential equation in my mind

in a fraction of a second?

Sure.

So once we've gotten the mind out of this substrate
that it evolved in, but is now trapped in,

then that's just the beginning

of an endless
variety of options.

But there's still that deep
philosophical problem, right?

The sense of self.

So would this have
its own sense of self?

So I think that that would
that would be resolved,

as we start getting maybe
more of a scientific understanding

of what self is...

[Harris] There's a horrible possibility
here, which is that we could build machines

that are far more
intelligent than us

in terms of their competence,

in terms of the kinds of goals
they can achieve in the world.

And they may, in
fact, not be conscious.

The lights may not be on,

and there will be nothing that it's like to be those
machines. And that is quite an alarming prospect from my view,

ethically speaking, because
then you could just have,

you know, the galaxy
being populated by,

you know, blind robots.

And who would want that?

[Goertzel] What if
we wire me into her?

Now, my hypothesis is

wiring my brain into
the robot's cloud mind,

I think I would feel something.

Yeah.

Including consciousness.

I mean, it's uncanny, isn't it?

[Hanson] It is.

Now she looks
like your daughter.

[Goertzel] She looks
much, much smarter.

[Narrator] What looks
like a harmless game

is fundamentally one of
the greatest challenges

mankind has ever faced.

[Distorted overlapping voices]

It deals with the question

of which role technology
should play for us

in the future.

Randal koene has
already answered

this question for himself.

[Koene] So to be honest,
of course I don't really know

how long it's going to take to
create whole brain emulation,

because it's a very
complicated task,

and it's very hard to
tell with tasks like that

just how long they take.

It depends on so many things.

And we need a
lot of different tools,

many of which are just basically in development. So it's
entirely possible that I may not live to see the outcome,

or may not live to
help get us there.

But what I'm trying to do
is to at least pave a path,

to create a road map
to help move it along,

and to make sure that
there are projects in existence

and people who
understand the meaning

and the importance
of these ideas,

so that it can carry
forward anyhow.

And I think that's
why I do this.

And perhaps this is how I
make meaning in my life.

[Narrator] It has been a
long journey from the big bang

to the emergence of an
intelligent, self-aware being,

one that never
ceases to question.

[Bostrom] And
this will be a wate

rshed moment, more
important than anything

that has happened
in human history.

The creation of
superintelligence

will be the last invention that we will ever need to make.
And if one is looking for some kind of comparable event,

I don't know, maybe the
rise of life in the first place.

[Sandberg] Human nature is
all about self-transformation,

I think.

We all try to become better
people. And as a society, of course,

we will not really
stop learning things.

Innovation has always
been with humans.

So it's not really possible
to stop technology.

However, you might aim at
getting beneficial technologies

before dangerous technologies.

Maybe these machines
will be friendly towards us,

but on the other
hand, maybe not.

So we're taking a
risk in building them.

And at some stage, humanity
is going to have to choose.

Your children or
your grandchildren

will have to make a decision.

It'll be very real.

It won't be just a piece of science
fiction that it seems like today.