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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:00,210 --> 00:00:05,430 In this section we're going to be talking about wild cards and this is where things start to get really 2 00:00:05,430 --> 00:00:07,250 interesting and fun with Linux. 3 00:00:07,260 --> 00:00:11,110 This is where you can start to see why Linux is really powerful. 4 00:00:11,550 --> 00:00:15,020 And this section we're going to be covering what wild cards are. 5 00:00:15,060 --> 00:00:21,110 Get a good understanding of what the concept is and see some practical examples. 6 00:00:21,160 --> 00:00:28,040 Wild Cards also known as globbing or characters or strings used for pattern matching. 7 00:00:28,440 --> 00:00:34,440 Usually we use those with command line to increase the flexibility of searches or commands that we are 8 00:00:34,440 --> 00:00:35,790 issuing. 9 00:00:35,790 --> 00:00:40,800 So what does it mean when I say the characters or strings. 10 00:00:40,940 --> 00:00:43,260 Here are some examples. 11 00:00:43,260 --> 00:00:50,510 The first is the asterisk character and it's used to match zero or all characters. 12 00:00:50,940 --> 00:00:56,510 The second is the question mark is used to match exactly one character. 13 00:00:57,030 --> 00:01:02,850 The third is a bracket and it's used to match any of the characters enclosed in the bracket. 14 00:01:03,000 --> 00:01:10,860 And the last is the escape character and it's used to escape the above characters so if for example 15 00:01:10,860 --> 00:01:14,370 in my search term I am looking for a bracket. 16 00:01:14,370 --> 00:01:18,480 I will precede that with a backslash. 17 00:01:18,480 --> 00:01:21,070 Let's see some practical examples. 18 00:01:21,120 --> 00:01:26,560 I've created a number of files that were very commonly see when we're doing ethical hacking engagements. 19 00:01:26,940 --> 00:01:31,110 Feel free to download these files or you can create them yourself. 20 00:01:31,110 --> 00:01:32,130 These files are empty. 21 00:01:32,130 --> 00:01:36,100 They're just created for the purpose of this exercise. 22 00:01:36,240 --> 00:01:41,460 What we're looking at here is a number of files that correspond to different network ranges and network 23 00:01:41,490 --> 00:01:42,810 addresses. 24 00:01:42,810 --> 00:01:49,560 So the assumption is that I've been doing unethical hack for a company and I generated through our my 25 00:01:49,560 --> 00:01:55,920 assessment and number of files from and map and a number of text files that I've written notes into 26 00:01:56,670 --> 00:02:01,440 as you can see we have different names and different extensions to these files. 27 00:02:01,440 --> 00:02:08,430 So we have files Dotti XTi we have files and map we have files thought and map and we're going to see 28 00:02:08,430 --> 00:02:11,580 what the difference between these two files are later on. 29 00:02:11,820 --> 00:02:15,420 And I have files that and would not auditee. 30 00:02:15,800 --> 00:02:21,750 The first thing I want to do is I want to back up all these files before I start removing or moving 31 00:02:21,750 --> 00:02:23,880 the files around just in. 32 00:02:24,060 --> 00:02:28,960 And I can do that using the command that we saw in the previous exercise. 33 00:02:29,040 --> 00:02:38,510 So I'm just going to type tie C F to create a file the name of the file will be back up to space star. 34 00:02:38,640 --> 00:02:46,560 This is the first wildcard I'm using started as we've seen before means match zero or all characters. 35 00:02:46,560 --> 00:02:55,660 So in this case I'm telling Todd to create a tar file and include and everything in the current directory. 36 00:02:55,680 --> 00:03:01,570 Once that's done let me verify very quickly the content and I can do that using the time T.F. command. 37 00:03:01,620 --> 00:03:02,680 And here we go. 38 00:03:02,700 --> 00:03:04,920 I get all the files backed up. 39 00:03:04,920 --> 00:03:05,660 Fantastic. 40 00:03:05,730 --> 00:03:10,410 So now I can start cleaning up my directory and reorganizing it. 41 00:03:10,740 --> 00:03:17,960 I'm going to create a directory called Notes and I want to move all the notes files into that directory. 42 00:03:17,970 --> 00:03:25,360 It's good practice before I delete or I move any file especially before I delete any files to do. 43 00:03:25,370 --> 00:03:32,190 And I'll ask command if I'm using any wildcards and I do that just to make sure that my command works 44 00:03:32,190 --> 00:03:36,560 correctly and I'm not accidently deleting far as I shouldn't be deleting. 45 00:03:37,230 --> 00:03:45,180 So now if I do not know there's that not only the notes files are listed but also the notes directory 46 00:03:45,180 --> 00:03:52,770 that I just created a fine I'll use the asterisk wildcard and I try to move notes asterisk into the 47 00:03:52,770 --> 00:03:54,500 notes directory. 48 00:03:54,690 --> 00:04:02,010 The command will attempt to move everything that starts with the word notes followed with whatever. 49 00:04:02,340 --> 00:04:06,750 So now it's 10 or 11 including the notes directory. 50 00:04:06,840 --> 00:04:12,900 And what that means is that I'll be attempting to move the notes directory into itself. 51 00:04:12,900 --> 00:04:15,330 This will generate an error for me. 52 00:04:15,330 --> 00:04:20,280 But if you look a little bit closer you'll see that all the notes files have a hyphen in the middle 53 00:04:20,640 --> 00:04:28,290 before the digit so it's notes dashed then notes that 11 or hyphen 11 notes hyphen 12 and so on. 54 00:04:28,290 --> 00:04:30,760 So let me see what happens if I do. 55 00:04:30,790 --> 00:04:33,650 As nodes HIF and star. 56 00:04:33,960 --> 00:04:34,470 Excellent. 57 00:04:34,470 --> 00:04:39,950 So this command lists all the notes Faas excluding the notes directory's. 58 00:04:39,960 --> 00:04:46,530 Now I can safely use my move command knowing that I'm only going to be moving the files into the directory 59 00:04:46,650 --> 00:04:55,770 without trying to move the notes directory into itself and I can do that typing move or M.V. notes dash 60 00:04:55,830 --> 00:04:58,410 start for all the notes file. 61 00:04:58,410 --> 00:05:01,110 So this is going to go with notes. 62 00:05:01,160 --> 00:05:08,930 Then the XTi and nod's 24 dot auditee so it doesn't matter what the digit is it doesn't matter what 63 00:05:08,930 --> 00:05:10,600 the extension is. 64 00:05:10,760 --> 00:05:15,850 And it doesn't matter what follows the notes hyphen and I hit enter. 65 00:05:16,130 --> 00:05:18,760 And I do an S on the notes directory. 66 00:05:18,770 --> 00:05:19,610 And here we go. 67 00:05:19,610 --> 00:05:24,020 I managed to successfully move all my notes into the notes directory. 68 00:05:24,020 --> 00:05:24,790 Excellent. 69 00:05:24,800 --> 00:05:30,810 Let me clear the screen and I do as again here's what I want to do. 70 00:05:30,810 --> 00:05:36,400 Now I want to get rid of all the ten ten hundred files. 71 00:05:36,450 --> 00:05:41,230 Here's a scenario I did a scan on this network and no results were found. 72 00:05:41,360 --> 00:05:45,150 So I don't need to be keeping these files I just want to remove them. 73 00:05:45,170 --> 00:05:53,260 The challenging bit here though is that I have turned up 10 to 100 thought zero Dot T XTi. 74 00:05:53,450 --> 00:06:00,980 And then I have the tender turned up 100 without the zero g and map and the third one is dot and map. 75 00:06:00,980 --> 00:06:04,660 So what's the simplest way to remove these three files. 76 00:06:04,730 --> 00:06:09,480 Again I'm going to verify my command with L as before I'd move anything. 77 00:06:09,770 --> 00:06:19,670 Let me try and do s 10 dot dot 100 dot all that was simple enough so that listed the three files for 78 00:06:19,670 --> 00:06:20,230 me. 79 00:06:20,570 --> 00:06:27,380 So now for that to work with the remove commands I need to add the asterisk to tell the command to look 80 00:06:27,380 --> 00:06:31,910 for anything after the 100 dot. 81 00:06:32,360 --> 00:06:37,380 I can verify this with a standard 10 to 100 dot asterisk. 82 00:06:37,490 --> 00:06:40,140 And again that listed out the three fives. 83 00:06:40,250 --> 00:06:41,900 Perfect. 84 00:06:41,900 --> 00:06:45,550 Now all I need to do is replace the L S with. 85 00:06:45,870 --> 00:06:51,690 I am great I'll clear the screen again an L S. 86 00:06:51,740 --> 00:06:53,330 Now here's what I want to do. 87 00:06:53,330 --> 00:06:57,470 I want to move all the files into one that actually remember. 88 00:06:57,500 --> 00:07:02,630 I have two different extensions G and map and map. 89 00:07:02,750 --> 00:07:05,610 We'll see how we're going to manage that. 90 00:07:05,630 --> 00:07:12,890 First I want to create a directory called and map once that's done I'm going to try and list all the 91 00:07:12,930 --> 00:07:14,570 and map files. 92 00:07:14,570 --> 00:07:17,900 I'm going to try as asterisk Daut and map 93 00:07:24,720 --> 00:07:31,270 that didn't actually work so that listed all the flaws that start with anything with the extension dot 94 00:07:31,360 --> 00:07:35,060 and map what that missed out on the G and map. 95 00:07:35,250 --> 00:07:38,650 Whatever if I do I'll start a dot G and map 96 00:07:42,040 --> 00:07:43,980 that unfortunately it doesn't work either. 97 00:07:43,980 --> 00:07:49,080 So it only lists the files with the G and map extension. 98 00:07:49,120 --> 00:07:50,110 That's my challenge. 99 00:07:50,120 --> 00:07:53,500 Now I want a command that lists both. 100 00:07:54,070 --> 00:08:02,280 So the command should say list whatever dot and map and Dot G and map how can I do that. 101 00:08:02,350 --> 00:08:09,580 What if I put another asterisk after the dot so l as asterisk dot asterisk and map. 102 00:08:09,670 --> 00:08:10,170 Excellent. 103 00:08:10,180 --> 00:08:11,290 This worked. 104 00:08:11,350 --> 00:08:18,160 So what this commanded is that it listed anything dot anything. 105 00:08:18,160 --> 00:08:20,990 Followed immediately with map. 106 00:08:21,130 --> 00:08:24,180 So for example I had a file with extension thought. 107 00:08:24,250 --> 00:08:28,480 1 2 3 4 5 6 and map that would have been listed as well. 108 00:08:28,810 --> 00:08:33,610 So now that my command works all I need to do again is replace the L S with M.V. 109 00:08:49,570 --> 00:08:56,740 and I do s on the end map directory and he would go on my and my files are in one directory and clear 110 00:08:56,740 --> 00:08:57,880 the screen. 111 00:08:57,880 --> 00:09:00,980 Now things will start to get a little bit more interesting. 112 00:09:01,390 --> 00:09:09,550 I have different network ranges I have that 10 ten top 10 10 that turned up 11 and 10 out 10 12 I'm 113 00:09:09,550 --> 00:09:14,680 going to call that the 10s range because it's 10 11 12. 114 00:09:15,130 --> 00:09:22,410 I also have the 20s range so tender Tandou 23 24 and 25. 115 00:09:22,420 --> 00:09:26,160 I'm going to call those the 20s range and last. 116 00:09:26,230 --> 00:09:33,310 I have the tender Tom two hundred range two or six or seven and two or eight while I want to do now 117 00:09:33,520 --> 00:09:38,140 is move all these different ranges into different folders. 118 00:09:38,410 --> 00:09:53,960 So I'm going to start by creating the different directories I'll create the tens twenties and to hundreds. 119 00:09:53,970 --> 00:09:55,430 Now let me try the first command. 120 00:09:55,440 --> 00:10:01,090 I'm going to do it as 10.0 and not one that was easy enough. 121 00:10:01,260 --> 00:10:02,430 That lasted for me. 122 00:10:02,440 --> 00:10:07,400 The 10s range than the 10 the 10 11 12. 123 00:10:07,440 --> 00:10:13,920 So now if I do understand that one asterisk it should produce the same result. 124 00:10:13,920 --> 00:10:14,510 There we go. 125 00:10:14,520 --> 00:10:17,440 And all I need to do now is move. 126 00:10:17,970 --> 00:10:25,260 Change the L S to move and add the directory name I list the contents of the directory and all the files 127 00:10:25,260 --> 00:10:27,020 are moved. 128 00:10:27,040 --> 00:10:33,660 Now what happens if I try the same thing with the 20s. 129 00:10:33,670 --> 00:10:34,470 Let's see. 130 00:10:34,470 --> 00:10:36,940 I'll ask them then that tended to. 131 00:10:37,260 --> 00:10:39,630 Oh that doesn't look like it's going to work. 132 00:10:39,750 --> 00:10:45,360 At least the 20s and the two 100s because they both start with two. 133 00:10:45,390 --> 00:10:52,710 So if I do understand the to star I'm going to get both ranges. 134 00:10:53,070 --> 00:10:54,780 So what do I do now. 135 00:10:55,800 --> 00:10:57,720 Remember the question Mike. 136 00:10:57,840 --> 00:11:02,660 So the asterisk matched zero or all characters. 137 00:11:02,790 --> 00:11:06,530 The question mark matches exactly one character. 138 00:11:07,110 --> 00:11:13,280 So now if I put the question mark after the two and I add the extension dot whatever. 139 00:11:13,590 --> 00:11:17,250 I'll only get a listing of the 20s. 140 00:11:17,250 --> 00:11:17,740 Why. 141 00:11:17,760 --> 00:11:21,830 Because the question mark replaces only one digit after the two. 142 00:11:21,870 --> 00:11:25,250 In this case 23 24 and 25. 143 00:11:25,310 --> 00:11:27,520 What if I wanted to list the hundreds. 144 00:11:27,670 --> 00:11:28,830 Simple. 145 00:11:29,010 --> 00:11:31,090 I put another question like. 146 00:11:31,290 --> 00:11:39,030 So now I'm telling as to list 10 to attend attended two digit digit dot whatever. 147 00:11:39,240 --> 00:11:39,840 Great. 148 00:11:39,840 --> 00:11:40,890 Here we go. 149 00:11:40,920 --> 00:11:43,970 Now all I need to do is change the l s and to move. 150 00:11:44,190 --> 00:11:46,390 I move the 20s in to one directory 151 00:11:55,760 --> 00:12:05,300 and I do as again now all that's left are the two hundreds Obviously I could repeat the old commands 152 00:12:05,480 --> 00:12:11,220 and I can do two question marks but that's not the fastest way to do that. 153 00:12:11,240 --> 00:12:17,450 If you look at the contents of the file all that's left are the text files and they all start with some 154 00:12:17,450 --> 00:12:18,060 digits. 155 00:12:18,080 --> 00:12:22,500 Dorothy XTi now because all that's left are the two 100s. 156 00:12:22,550 --> 00:12:29,280 I know that I want to move all of these into the 200 folder. 157 00:12:29,470 --> 00:12:35,880 So the simplest process way to do that is replace the network ranges with a star or asterisk. 158 00:12:36,040 --> 00:12:45,790 Telling my move command to move everything that ends with a dot the XTi and I put the folder name and 159 00:12:45,790 --> 00:12:49,240 done I do as a double check. 160 00:12:49,240 --> 00:12:49,960 Good stuff. 161 00:12:50,080 --> 00:12:51,600 Here's a quick bonus for you. 162 00:12:51,610 --> 00:12:53,700 I'm going to try the three commands. 163 00:12:56,370 --> 00:12:58,120 It doesn't exist. 164 00:12:58,200 --> 00:13:04,830 So we're going to use what we just learned in the previous sections to install the command AAPT get 165 00:13:04,830 --> 00:13:10,170 install three wait for a few seconds for it to install. 166 00:13:10,170 --> 00:13:12,640 Now if I try again the command exists. 167 00:13:12,720 --> 00:13:19,730 So the three command shows you the content of any directory and a more graphical organized format. 168 00:13:19,830 --> 00:13:23,090 I want to see the content of the current directory that I'm in. 169 00:13:23,370 --> 00:13:24,360 What do I do. 170 00:13:24,390 --> 00:13:26,330 We've seen this before. 171 00:13:26,460 --> 00:13:29,290 Three space dot. 172 00:13:29,730 --> 00:13:32,990 And it shows me this neat organized output. 173 00:13:33,090 --> 00:13:37,370 I can verify that understands I have the tens range on there to hundreds. 174 00:13:37,470 --> 00:13:46,770 Same twenty's same unmap has all the and mapped files and all the data XTi nodes and not all the nodes 175 00:13:46,800 --> 00:13:49,600 are in my notes directory. 176 00:13:49,650 --> 00:13:54,170 Now that looks much more organized than it looked before hazier mission for the section. 177 00:13:54,180 --> 00:13:57,690 If you haven't been following up with what I've done please do it. 178 00:13:57,690 --> 00:13:58,920 Practice it. 179 00:13:58,930 --> 00:14:04,350 It might sound like it's a lot of information but with practice it will get easier and easier and you'll 180 00:14:04,350 --> 00:14:10,300 notice that almost 90 percent of the time your usage will be limited to asterisk. 181 00:14:10,560 --> 00:14:12,540 So practice a little bit with that. 182 00:14:12,750 --> 00:14:14,100 Create these files. 183 00:14:14,100 --> 00:14:18,910 Repeat the exercises if you haven't done so already following up with the video so we can move into 184 00:14:18,930 --> 00:14:20,230 the next section. 18440