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In this lesson,
we'll take a look
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at the different editions
of the Oracle database
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software that are available.
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This is an important
subject to a DBA,
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because the edition
your company pays
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for will have certain options
available, while others
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will be excluded.
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Also, as a DBA, you need to be
able to intelligently determine
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which edition is
right for your company
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so you have all the features
you need without overpaying.
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To begin, there are
two licensing models
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available for Oracle
database, and they're not
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both available
for every edition.
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The primary way of
licensing Oracle software
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is the CPU-based model.
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That is to say, you
license the software
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based on the number of CPUs
your database server is running.
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So let's just make up a few
numbers here as an example.
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Keep in mind, I'm just making
these up for easy math.
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How much a company
pays for Oracle
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can be dependent on a
lot of different things,
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particularly the
size of the contract.
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Let's say you've licensed
an edition of Oracle that
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cost $10,000 per CPU.
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If your server has
four CPUs, years
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that's $40,000 for the
license to run the software,
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which will include some
level of support from Oracle.
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However, what if those CPA
you are multi-core CPUs?
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Will Oracle licensing
ignore that?
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Not a chance-- and
probably for good reason.
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If multi-core CPUs
weren't accounted for,
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a company could
just buy a server
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with a single CPU you that had
10 cores and pay only $10,000.
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The idea here is basing
this on computing power,
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the cores have to be
taken into account.
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But it also wouldn't be
fair to count every core
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as a separate CPU,
so Oracle strikes
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a balance between the two.
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Let's say we have
our four CPU server,
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but each CPU has four cores.
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We would calculate the
license based on a multiplier,
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let's say, 1.25.
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So at $10,000 times four CPUs
times a multiplier of 1.25,
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we come up with $50,000.
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Again, these are
just example numbers.
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Nearly every server sold today
uses multi-core processors,
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so this is something
we need to be aware of.
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The other type of licensing
model is the named user model.
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In this model, we don't
license based on CPU hardware,
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we base it on the number of
people that use the database.
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So Oracle charges
an amount per user,
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and we multiply that
times the number of people
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that use the database.
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So let's say that Oracle
charges $150 per user,
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and we have 100 users.
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150 times 100 users is $15,000.
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So if your user
base is 100 users,
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it makes sense that we go
with the named user model.
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However, it's important that
we take all of the users
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into account.
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What if our user
base is 1,000 users?
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That totals up to
over three times
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what we would pay for
the CPU-based model.
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So it's important to know what
you're using the database for
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and how many people use it.
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The primary edition
of Oracle database
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is the Enterprise
Edition, or EE.
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Enterprise Edition is
the most common edition
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used, even though it
is the most expensive.
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Typically, a mid-sized
to large company
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will purchase the
Enterprise Edition
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to ensure that the majority
of features are provided.
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A very large company may
enter into negotiations
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with Oracle
representatives to come up
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with a large contract that
doesn't charge full price.
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Enterprise Edition has the
following characteristics.
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It has no maximum as to the
number of CPU processors
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that are allowed.
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Any server with any number
of CPUs is acceptable.
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It has no limit as to the
amount of memory allowed.
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Any memory amount is allowable.
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It is available in 32-bit
and 64-bit versions,
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depending on your
operating system.
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Most importantly,
it allows access
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to a number of features not
included in other versions,
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features like Data Guard
for high availability,
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fine-grained auditing
for security,
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and cross platform
database recoverability.
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The full list is available
on the Oracle website.
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These features should be taken
to account in any company that
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relies on Oracle.
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They're not luxuries.
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The Enterprise Edition includes
the largest number of features
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available.
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The next edition is the
Standard Edition, or SE.
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Standard Edition is limited to
systems with four or fewer CPU
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sockets.
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Like the Enterprise
Edition, it has no limits
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on memory or database size.
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It includes many options, but
not as many as Enterprise.
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For example, both EE and SE
provide a performance feature
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known as Automatic
Workload Management.
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It is interesting to note that
according to Oracle's website
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Standard Edition includes
full use of Oracle RAC, which
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is an optional pay extra feature
in the Enterprise Edition.
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Standard Edition is chosen
by many small to mid-sized
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companies as the
economical option.
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Standard Edition 1, or SE, is
similar to Standard Edition.
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It is limited to systems with
two or fewer CPU sockets.
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Like the other editions, it has
no limits on memory or database
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size.
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However, it is only available
for Linux, Unix, and Windows.
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It has even fewer features
than the Standard Edition.
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However, it costs less than SE.
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It is important to note
that even though the SE1 has
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fewer features, all the basic
functionality is present.
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SE1 is an edition that
small to mid-sized companies
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should consider.
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The final edition we'll look at
is the Express Edition , or XE.
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Express Edition
is limited to one
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CPU, one gigabyte of RAM, and a
total database size of 11 gig.
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Despite these limits, Oracle
XE has the distinction
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of being completely free.
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However, one word of caution to
those who are learning Oracle.
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Oracle XE is really
a different product
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than the other editions.
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It lacks so many
features that it
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isn't very useful in
learning Oracle database.
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It is primarily used in
development and prototyping
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situations where there is
just a need for a database
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to run applications against.
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