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Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:13,600 --> 00:00:15,200 (SPLASH) 2 00:00:18,840 --> 00:00:20,840 (ETHEREAL MUSIC) 3 00:00:22,160 --> 00:00:24,120 STEVE BACKSHALL: Whales. (WHALE SINGING) 4 00:00:24,160 --> 00:00:27,240 Ocean giants. Ancient mariners. 5 00:00:30,680 --> 00:00:34,520 Their songs, majesty and sheer size 6 00:00:34,560 --> 00:00:37,160 fill us with joy and awe. 7 00:00:40,280 --> 00:00:42,200 In their vast shadow, 8 00:00:42,240 --> 00:00:44,280 a human can feel very small. 9 00:00:50,120 --> 00:00:52,120 They were here long before us... 10 00:00:54,120 --> 00:00:56,920 ..caring for their young... 11 00:00:56,960 --> 00:00:59,880 ..hunting... (WHALE SQUEAKING) 12 00:00:59,920 --> 00:01:01,520 ..voyaging. 13 00:01:03,200 --> 00:01:06,440 But now we are changing their world. 14 00:01:06,480 --> 00:01:09,640 So I want to see through their eyes, 15 00:01:09,680 --> 00:01:11,800 meeting them on their terms, 16 00:01:11,840 --> 00:01:15,760 to find how their future and ours are inseparable. 17 00:01:20,960 --> 00:01:22,960 (WHALE SONG ECHOES) 18 00:01:33,400 --> 00:01:37,080 'I'm exploring our kinship with whales and dolphins. 19 00:01:39,280 --> 00:01:41,479 Once dubbed "devilfish", 20 00:01:41,520 --> 00:01:43,960 we now know they need our help. 21 00:01:47,680 --> 00:01:49,479 For the entirety of human history, 22 00:01:49,520 --> 00:01:51,920 whales have been creatures of myth and legend, 23 00:01:51,960 --> 00:01:55,160 shrouded in mystery, with us knowing little of their secret lives. 24 00:02:00,200 --> 00:02:02,840 But now, leaps in technology are offering us 25 00:02:02,880 --> 00:02:04,480 a window into their world. 26 00:02:08,600 --> 00:02:10,520 We are entering a golden era 27 00:02:10,560 --> 00:02:12,920 of understanding the world of the whale. 28 00:02:16,280 --> 00:02:19,120 Much of that mystery is down to their ocean home. 29 00:02:21,880 --> 00:02:25,280 A place that we humans can only fleetingly visit, 30 00:02:25,320 --> 00:02:27,800 and rarely to the depths they can dive to. 31 00:02:35,240 --> 00:02:37,040 (MAJESTIC MUSIC) 32 00:02:41,560 --> 00:02:44,520 But despite our differences, 33 00:02:44,560 --> 00:02:46,520 whales are mammals like us... 34 00:02:46,560 --> 00:02:48,360 (WHALE CLICKING) 35 00:02:48,400 --> 00:02:52,320 ..and, it turns out, we have more in common than you might think. 36 00:02:57,160 --> 00:03:00,360 I'm starting my journey in one of the most remote places 37 00:03:00,400 --> 00:03:03,280 in the Atlantic: the Azores... 38 00:03:08,000 --> 00:03:10,360 ..searching for the whale that was probably 39 00:03:10,400 --> 00:03:12,240 the most misunderstood of all... 40 00:03:13,920 --> 00:03:15,720 ..the sperm whale. 41 00:03:15,760 --> 00:03:18,480 There it is! Full breach! 42 00:03:22,280 --> 00:03:24,000 Sensational! 43 00:03:28,240 --> 00:03:32,079 This is one of the deepest-diving creatures on the planet, 44 00:03:32,120 --> 00:03:35,160 able to get down to well over 2,000 metres in depth, 45 00:03:35,200 --> 00:03:38,280 and to hold their breath up to two hours. 46 00:03:39,640 --> 00:03:43,800 These astonishing animals are also our largest toothed predator. 47 00:03:48,040 --> 00:03:51,000 Mariners both respected and feared them, 48 00:03:51,040 --> 00:03:53,560 believing they could swallow fishermen 49 00:03:53,600 --> 00:03:55,320 or even boats, whole. 50 00:03:59,600 --> 00:04:02,160 The reality is perhaps even more dramatic. 51 00:04:02,200 --> 00:04:06,440 These leviathans battle giant squid in the darkness of the deep, 52 00:04:06,480 --> 00:04:09,760 before returning and leaping. 53 00:04:09,800 --> 00:04:12,920 Our whale is breaching repetitively. 54 00:04:14,600 --> 00:04:18,040 It seems to be totally disinterested in us and our boat, 55 00:04:18,079 --> 00:04:20,000 completely focused on its task, 56 00:04:20,040 --> 00:04:21,959 which gives us the perfect opportunity to get in 57 00:04:22,000 --> 00:04:23,600 and swim alongside them. 58 00:04:27,360 --> 00:04:31,080 Whales sometimes react to the bubbles of a human scuba diver. 59 00:04:35,960 --> 00:04:38,720 'So, it's far better to dive as they do... 60 00:04:39,800 --> 00:04:42,680 ..using just the air of a single breath, 61 00:04:42,720 --> 00:04:44,320 or freediving. 62 00:05:03,280 --> 00:05:06,280 Swimming alongside this enormous whale, 63 00:05:06,320 --> 00:05:08,760 it's hard to believe that, as mammals, 64 00:05:08,800 --> 00:05:10,600 we share a common ancestor. 65 00:05:19,000 --> 00:05:23,360 Its giant form is honed to life in the deep ocean, 66 00:05:23,400 --> 00:05:25,400 and so different from my own. 67 00:05:27,640 --> 00:05:29,640 (WHALE CLICKING) 68 00:05:38,800 --> 00:05:41,600 But then our connection is revealed. 69 00:05:43,920 --> 00:05:45,720 (WHALE CLICKING) 70 00:05:45,760 --> 00:05:49,240 Just like me, this sperm whale must come to the surface to breathe. 71 00:05:53,080 --> 00:05:54,480 And pretty soon... 72 00:05:55,840 --> 00:05:57,640 ..I have to do the same. 73 00:05:59,520 --> 00:06:01,480 (ETHEREAL MUSIC CONTINUES) 74 00:06:04,840 --> 00:06:06,640 Wow! 75 00:06:06,680 --> 00:06:09,200 That was incredible! 76 00:06:09,240 --> 00:06:11,480 Underwater is the only time 77 00:06:11,520 --> 00:06:14,960 that you get any real sense of the scale of the animal; 78 00:06:15,000 --> 00:06:18,240 and also, the power, and the speed. 79 00:06:18,280 --> 00:06:20,520 Being alongside them, they appear motionless, 80 00:06:20,560 --> 00:06:22,720 but they can just disappear into the blue. 81 00:06:27,840 --> 00:06:29,440 Their size and strength 82 00:06:29,480 --> 00:06:31,960 made it inevitable that humans would fear them... 83 00:06:32,960 --> 00:06:36,600 ..and made it easy to treat them as just a simple commodity. 84 00:06:41,360 --> 00:06:43,640 It happened right here in the Azores. 85 00:06:43,680 --> 00:06:45,680 (SOMBRE MUSIC) 86 00:06:50,120 --> 00:06:52,240 These buildings are the remnants 87 00:06:52,280 --> 00:06:55,640 of the factory part of a whaling station. 88 00:06:55,680 --> 00:06:59,280 This was still active when I was a kid. 89 00:06:59,320 --> 00:07:01,800 In fact, the last whale was killed here in the Azores 90 00:07:01,840 --> 00:07:04,640 in 1987, when I was at school. 91 00:07:10,800 --> 00:07:15,680 All over the world, sperm whales and others were ruthlessly hunted. 92 00:07:16,760 --> 00:07:19,600 It is said that the oils rendered from their bodies 93 00:07:19,640 --> 00:07:22,080 lit the lamps of the industrial revolution. 94 00:07:22,920 --> 00:07:25,560 Other parts were used for products, 95 00:07:25,600 --> 00:07:27,840 from fuel to fertiliser. 96 00:07:27,880 --> 00:07:29,880 (SOMBRE MUSIC CONTINUES) 97 00:07:36,360 --> 00:07:40,040 For me, as a naturalist, so many of the highlights 98 00:07:40,080 --> 00:07:43,760 of my life and my job have been working with animals like this... 99 00:07:45,040 --> 00:07:47,360 ..and seeing them like that... 100 00:07:47,400 --> 00:07:49,400 ..it's almost impossible to take. 101 00:07:54,200 --> 00:07:56,400 (PROTESTORS CLAMOURING) MAN: Stop killing! 102 00:07:58,080 --> 00:08:00,880 But over time, the brutality of the slaughter 103 00:08:00,920 --> 00:08:02,400 became public knowledge 104 00:08:02,440 --> 00:08:04,040 and there was uproar. 105 00:08:05,280 --> 00:08:08,720 People took to the streets in protest. Governments rallied, 106 00:08:08,760 --> 00:08:11,760 and whaling was banned by almost every nation. 107 00:08:13,280 --> 00:08:15,280 (SLIDE CHANGER CLICKS) 108 00:08:19,240 --> 00:08:21,240 (UPLIFTING MUSIC) 109 00:08:21,280 --> 00:08:23,760 Globally, some species are recovering. 110 00:08:24,600 --> 00:08:28,440 Now the majority of nations are no longer hunting them, 111 00:08:28,480 --> 00:08:31,680 we've begun a new relationship with whales, 112 00:08:31,720 --> 00:08:33,600 where Science leads the way. 113 00:08:36,280 --> 00:08:41,360 Whales, dolphins and porpoises are collectively known as cetaceans. 114 00:08:41,400 --> 00:08:43,760 (SQUEAKING AND CLICKING) 115 00:08:43,799 --> 00:08:45,200 By studying them, 116 00:08:45,240 --> 00:08:48,160 we've discovered how social some species can be. 117 00:08:50,840 --> 00:08:52,520 Here in the Azores, 118 00:08:52,560 --> 00:08:56,160 I've tracked down a small group of female sperm whales... 119 00:08:57,760 --> 00:08:59,960 ..hoping to see this for myself. 120 00:09:01,240 --> 00:09:05,400 In some ways, male and female sperm whales are so different, 121 00:09:05,440 --> 00:09:08,160 they're almost like completely separate animals. 122 00:09:08,200 --> 00:09:11,280 The males lead largely solitary lives, 123 00:09:11,320 --> 00:09:14,600 heading up into Arctic seas and all the way down into the Antarctic. 124 00:09:15,600 --> 00:09:19,400 The females, though, are a seriously social animal. 125 00:09:23,920 --> 00:09:25,720 (ETHEREAL MUSIC) 126 00:09:25,760 --> 00:09:27,680 (WHALES CLICKING) 127 00:09:28,920 --> 00:09:31,760 Females remain with their birth pod for life. 128 00:09:37,920 --> 00:09:42,080 So this is probably a mother and her daughters. 129 00:09:47,200 --> 00:09:50,760 The rubbing of heads helps remove barnacles, 130 00:09:50,800 --> 00:09:52,600 lice and dead skin. 131 00:09:55,560 --> 00:09:57,480 (WHALES CLICKING) 132 00:09:57,520 --> 00:10:01,200 But as with us, touch is hugely important; 133 00:10:01,240 --> 00:10:05,400 for bonding, perhaps even for reassurance. 134 00:10:11,520 --> 00:10:13,480 With no arms to hug, 135 00:10:13,520 --> 00:10:17,920 this is the best way to give and receive affection. 136 00:10:35,920 --> 00:10:38,120 It's moments like that, when you see 137 00:10:38,160 --> 00:10:41,040 such tenderness between animals 138 00:10:41,080 --> 00:10:43,560 that you start to feel some kind of kinship with them. 139 00:10:43,600 --> 00:10:45,000 You know, even though 140 00:10:45,040 --> 00:10:48,080 this is a creature that's 20-odd tonnes in weight, 141 00:10:48,120 --> 00:10:50,840 when you see a mother interacting with its youngsters, 142 00:10:50,880 --> 00:10:53,520 and them just enjoying the physical contact, 143 00:10:53,560 --> 00:10:54,760 all of a sudden, 144 00:10:54,800 --> 00:10:57,920 you can see that they have so much in common with us. 145 00:10:58,720 --> 00:11:01,040 And it's actually quite an emotional thing. 146 00:11:03,960 --> 00:11:05,560 The more we look, 147 00:11:05,600 --> 00:11:08,280 the more we see our own lives reflected. 148 00:11:12,320 --> 00:11:15,920 In some of the other 90 or so species of cetaceans, 149 00:11:15,960 --> 00:11:18,920 relationships can be even more complex. 150 00:11:19,920 --> 00:11:21,920 That's certainly true of the friendships, 151 00:11:21,960 --> 00:11:25,920 collaborations and rivalries we see in the cetacean 152 00:11:25,960 --> 00:11:28,800 we often think of as the most friendly: 153 00:11:28,840 --> 00:11:30,400 the dolphin. 154 00:11:30,440 --> 00:11:31,960 (DOLPHINS CLICKING) 155 00:11:40,040 --> 00:11:42,040 (DYNAMIC MUSIC) 156 00:11:42,080 --> 00:11:44,200 Since the end of the era of whaling 157 00:11:44,240 --> 00:11:47,920 we've entered a golden age of discovery about whales 158 00:11:47,960 --> 00:11:51,800 and uncovered an animal that has a lot in common with humans. 159 00:11:56,840 --> 00:11:58,800 (WHISTLING SOUNDS) 160 00:12:01,160 --> 00:12:04,280 The remote islands of the Azores are a perfect place 161 00:12:04,320 --> 00:12:06,920 for me to dive with them on their terms 162 00:12:06,960 --> 00:12:08,480 and explore further. 163 00:12:12,000 --> 00:12:15,040 The diversity of whale and dolphin life here is 164 00:12:15,080 --> 00:12:16,800 pretty much unparalleled, 165 00:12:16,840 --> 00:12:20,520 and because there are dozens of species 166 00:12:20,560 --> 00:12:23,640 that pass through these waters, or that live here, 167 00:12:23,680 --> 00:12:25,280 pretty much anything could turn up. 168 00:12:26,480 --> 00:12:29,680 But of all the animals we hoped we might encounter here, 169 00:12:29,720 --> 00:12:32,480 there's one I'm particularly excited to come across. 170 00:12:33,960 --> 00:12:37,040 Look at that! What! 171 00:12:38,720 --> 00:12:40,320 That can't be happening! 172 00:12:43,360 --> 00:12:47,520 These large blunt-nosed dolphins are known as Risso's. 173 00:12:54,320 --> 00:12:56,800 They're often spotted at a distance 174 00:12:56,840 --> 00:12:58,640 but are notoriously shy. 175 00:13:01,760 --> 00:13:04,840 I've never even come close to them in the water before. 176 00:13:04,880 --> 00:13:06,280 (DOLPHINS WHISTLING) 177 00:13:09,160 --> 00:13:11,360 This one plunge could reveal 178 00:13:11,400 --> 00:13:14,840 all sorts of things about their mysterious lives. 179 00:13:21,400 --> 00:13:24,240 I didn't think I would ever see Risso's dolphins underwater, 180 00:13:24,280 --> 00:13:26,960 and they are a very surreal sight. 181 00:13:27,000 --> 00:13:29,480 They kind of appear to be white or light grey, 182 00:13:29,520 --> 00:13:31,960 but when you get up close you can see that it's scarring, 183 00:13:32,000 --> 00:13:34,360 criss-crossed all over the head and the body, 184 00:13:34,400 --> 00:13:37,200 and that's from fights with other Risso's dolphins, 185 00:13:37,240 --> 00:13:39,960 particularly males fighting other males. 186 00:13:42,840 --> 00:13:45,320 Risso's live in all male groups... 187 00:13:47,240 --> 00:13:49,200 ..an unusual thing for whales. 188 00:13:49,240 --> 00:13:51,960 (DOLPHINS CLICKING AND WHISTLING) 189 00:13:52,000 --> 00:13:56,440 But living in an all-male gang, status is everything. 190 00:13:58,520 --> 00:14:00,560 And that's where the scars come in. 191 00:14:00,600 --> 00:14:03,360 It's thought they act like tattoos 192 00:14:03,400 --> 00:14:05,840 that visually display an individual's status, 193 00:14:05,880 --> 00:14:09,840 with the oldest males being almost completely white. 194 00:14:12,040 --> 00:14:13,920 (DOLPHINS WHISTLING) 195 00:14:14,880 --> 00:14:17,080 But this is something else. 196 00:14:19,920 --> 00:14:21,680 On an unseen cue, 197 00:14:21,720 --> 00:14:24,480 the whole group turns and comes together. 198 00:14:26,280 --> 00:14:28,200 (ETHEREAL CHORAL MUSIC) 199 00:14:35,360 --> 00:14:39,080 Bubbles, like touch, are tactile, stimulating. 200 00:14:40,280 --> 00:14:42,600 Perhaps this is a moment of group bonding. 201 00:14:43,480 --> 00:14:47,000 Like a team cheer, or a battle cry before hunting. 202 00:14:48,400 --> 00:14:50,360 This form of social bonding 203 00:14:50,400 --> 00:14:53,240 was only recently discovered by scientists. 204 00:14:57,320 --> 00:15:01,120 Every time you delve beneath the surface of their social lives, 205 00:15:01,160 --> 00:15:03,440 you see something familiar to us. 206 00:15:09,240 --> 00:15:13,920 The word dolphin applies to around 40 species of toothed whale 207 00:15:13,960 --> 00:15:16,000 and they're surprisingly diverse. 208 00:15:16,800 --> 00:15:19,560 They range from the black and white Commerson's dolphin, 209 00:15:19,600 --> 00:15:22,080 which can weigh as little as 30 kilos... 210 00:15:23,280 --> 00:15:25,160 ..to the Amazon river dolphin, 211 00:15:25,200 --> 00:15:27,000 which lives in freshwater... 212 00:15:28,280 --> 00:15:31,200 ..all the way up to giant predators like pilot whales... 213 00:15:31,240 --> 00:15:32,520 (WHALES WHISTLING) 214 00:15:32,560 --> 00:15:34,440 ..and orca, 215 00:15:34,480 --> 00:15:36,760 the largest members of the dolphin family. 216 00:15:37,840 --> 00:15:39,960 (WHISTLES LOUDLY) 217 00:15:40,000 --> 00:15:42,640 I'm crossing the Atlantic and heading to 218 00:15:42,680 --> 00:15:45,360 one of the best places to understand their lives. 219 00:15:46,240 --> 00:15:48,280 The Bahamas, in the Caribbean. 220 00:15:50,080 --> 00:15:53,800 Dolphins live in so-called "fission-fusion" societies. 221 00:15:53,840 --> 00:15:57,080 That means that their groups are always in flux. 222 00:15:57,120 --> 00:15:58,880 So, sometimes they could be flying solo, 223 00:15:58,920 --> 00:16:01,240 they could be hanging out with their families or friends. 224 00:16:01,280 --> 00:16:04,000 Other times they'll come together in pods that could be dozens, 225 00:16:04,040 --> 00:16:07,200 hundreds or even thousands of animals strong. 226 00:16:09,520 --> 00:16:12,400 If fission-fusion groups sound familiar, 227 00:16:12,440 --> 00:16:14,880 it's because that's just how we live. 228 00:16:15,840 --> 00:16:19,160 Many scientists believe it was the growth of complex societies 229 00:16:19,200 --> 00:16:22,200 that drove humans to evolve bigger brains... 230 00:16:25,000 --> 00:16:28,640 ..and, might also explain why dolphins are so clever. 231 00:16:28,680 --> 00:16:30,360 (DOLPHIN CLICKING) 232 00:16:32,440 --> 00:16:36,560 To find out more, I'm heading out onto these Caribbean seas 233 00:16:36,600 --> 00:16:40,120 to find one of the most sociable dolphin species. 234 00:16:43,960 --> 00:16:45,720 These are spotted dolphins. 235 00:16:45,760 --> 00:16:48,640 The ones that have the really definitive dappling, 236 00:16:48,680 --> 00:16:50,520 those are the mature animals. 237 00:16:50,560 --> 00:16:52,840 The smaller ones haven't got their spots yet, 238 00:16:52,880 --> 00:16:54,400 and they're just, like this one here, 239 00:16:54,440 --> 00:16:56,320 that's no more than a calf. 240 00:16:56,360 --> 00:16:58,560 But the reason they've come to the front of our boat 241 00:16:58,600 --> 00:17:01,760 is that they know, pretty soon, we're gonna start moving, 242 00:17:01,800 --> 00:17:03,920 and that's when things really kick off. 243 00:17:06,160 --> 00:17:07,720 (DYNAMIC MUSIC) 244 00:17:07,760 --> 00:17:11,440 Surfing the bow waves of boats might be more energy efficient, 245 00:17:11,480 --> 00:17:14,200 allowing dolphins to swim further and faster. 246 00:17:15,079 --> 00:17:17,480 But that's not the only reason. 247 00:17:17,520 --> 00:17:20,359 Dolphins are Nature's thrill-seekers. 248 00:17:22,319 --> 00:17:23,920 (DOLPHINS CLICKING) 249 00:17:26,480 --> 00:17:28,480 (DYNAMIC MUSIC CONTINUES) 250 00:17:28,520 --> 00:17:33,360 There is no more pure expression of joy in the natural world 251 00:17:33,400 --> 00:17:36,800 than seeing dolphins riding the wave at the front of your boat. 252 00:17:36,840 --> 00:17:39,440 They'll fall into the spray at the bow, 253 00:17:39,480 --> 00:17:41,560 and sometimes stay for hours, 254 00:17:41,600 --> 00:17:44,440 and then other times, it's just a fleeting dance, 255 00:17:44,480 --> 00:17:45,960 and then they're gone. 256 00:17:47,520 --> 00:17:49,920 Woah-ho-ho-ho! 257 00:17:56,000 --> 00:17:57,880 (DOLPHINS CLICKING) 258 00:17:58,760 --> 00:18:02,840 Scientists think that playing is a critical part of their development, 259 00:18:02,880 --> 00:18:04,680 but, in the right situation, 260 00:18:04,720 --> 00:18:08,000 they'll look for playmates outside their own group. 261 00:18:09,480 --> 00:18:11,440 Even to people. 262 00:18:15,160 --> 00:18:16,880 (ETHEREAL MUSIC) 263 00:18:16,920 --> 00:18:20,200 But whether or not they want to include me in their game 264 00:18:20,240 --> 00:18:21,920 will be entirely up to them. 265 00:18:24,000 --> 00:18:25,880 (DOLPHINS CLICKING) 266 00:18:32,120 --> 00:18:33,880 (DOLPHINS SQUEAKING) 267 00:18:39,560 --> 00:18:41,440 (ETHEREAL CHORAL MUSIC) 268 00:18:45,320 --> 00:18:47,200 Even with this powered scooter, 269 00:18:47,240 --> 00:18:50,800 just a couple of flips of those tail flukes and they are gone, 270 00:18:50,840 --> 00:18:52,840 there is no way you could ever keep up with them. 271 00:18:52,880 --> 00:18:56,640 So, you have to try and look as intriguing as you possibly can. 272 00:18:56,680 --> 00:18:58,720 There's no point swimming straight towards them, 273 00:18:58,760 --> 00:19:00,360 it's all gotta be on their terms, 274 00:19:00,400 --> 00:19:04,640 but if you can look like fun, they'll stay and play for hours. 275 00:19:04,680 --> 00:19:06,480 (PLAYFUL MUSIC) 276 00:19:06,520 --> 00:19:08,520 (DOLPHINS SQUEAKING, CLICKING) 277 00:19:14,600 --> 00:19:18,040 Playing helps practice essential physical skills, 278 00:19:18,080 --> 00:19:21,880 like hunting, mating, and avoiding predators, 279 00:19:21,920 --> 00:19:24,760 whether you're flying solo or in a group. 280 00:19:28,200 --> 00:19:32,000 But like the rough and tumble of a children's playground, 281 00:19:32,040 --> 00:19:35,880 having a large number of different playmates is unpredictable... 282 00:19:37,400 --> 00:19:40,120 ..and can make this learning much more effective. 283 00:19:49,040 --> 00:19:51,640 If they play like us, 284 00:19:51,680 --> 00:19:54,520 and hang out in ever-changing friendships like us... 285 00:19:54,560 --> 00:19:56,400 (DOLPHINS CLICKING) 286 00:19:56,440 --> 00:20:00,960 ..could dolphins also share our most complex social skill of all... 287 00:20:02,360 --> 00:20:03,720 Language? 288 00:20:03,760 --> 00:20:05,600 (DOLPHINS SQUEAKING, CLICKING) 289 00:20:06,720 --> 00:20:09,400 We know some dolphins appear to use different noises 290 00:20:09,440 --> 00:20:11,440 to indicate different states, 291 00:20:11,480 --> 00:20:15,120 like courtship, or stress. (DOLPHINS WHISTLES) 292 00:20:15,160 --> 00:20:18,080 Some dolphins also use a signature whistle... 293 00:20:18,120 --> 00:20:20,680 (DOLPHIN CLICKING) ..to identify themselves. 294 00:20:20,720 --> 00:20:22,760 (SQUEAKING, WHISTLING) 295 00:20:26,680 --> 00:20:28,640 (CLICKING AND WHISTLING) 296 00:20:31,520 --> 00:20:34,400 But dolphins don't just hang out with the same species. 297 00:20:35,680 --> 00:20:37,480 (INDISTINCT CHATTER) 298 00:20:37,520 --> 00:20:40,800 'Kel Sweeting is a scientist who's been studying interactions 299 00:20:40,840 --> 00:20:43,440 between two different types of dolphins, 300 00:20:43,480 --> 00:20:45,320 both found here in the Bahamas. 301 00:20:47,040 --> 00:20:49,520 So, you have this incredible situation here, 302 00:20:49,560 --> 00:20:51,440 where you have different species 303 00:20:51,480 --> 00:20:53,400 that are sometimes living together. 304 00:20:53,440 --> 00:20:54,760 What can you tell me about that? 305 00:20:54,800 --> 00:20:56,880 Here in Bimini, we have two species of dolphin. 306 00:20:56,920 --> 00:20:59,080 The Atlantic spotted, 307 00:20:59,120 --> 00:21:01,240 and the bottle-nose dolphins. 308 00:21:01,280 --> 00:21:03,560 Most of the time, if you come upon dolphins, 309 00:21:03,600 --> 00:21:07,120 it's a single species group, but sometimes they're together, 310 00:21:07,160 --> 00:21:09,200 and they're actually interacting. 311 00:21:09,240 --> 00:21:12,880 And do the spotteds and the bottle-nose have 312 00:21:12,920 --> 00:21:15,680 different use of communication and sound? 313 00:21:15,720 --> 00:21:20,000 Dolphins in general have a wide vocal repertoire. 314 00:21:20,040 --> 00:21:21,720 Squeaks, squawks, whistles, chirps. 315 00:21:21,760 --> 00:21:24,120 (DOLPHINS SQUEAKING, WHISTLING) 316 00:21:24,160 --> 00:21:27,240 They also have postures and gestures, 317 00:21:27,280 --> 00:21:30,200 and so there's probably a lot of overlap. 318 00:21:31,600 --> 00:21:35,360 Bottle-nose and spotted probably understand each other quite well, 319 00:21:35,400 --> 00:21:37,880 when we think of communication as a whole. 320 00:21:40,960 --> 00:21:42,680 We don't yet know precisely 321 00:21:42,720 --> 00:21:44,760 what dolphins might be saying to one another, 322 00:21:44,800 --> 00:21:48,400 but Science tells us it's more complex than we thought. 323 00:21:48,440 --> 00:21:52,000 (DOLPHIN CLICKING) If dolphins are Nature's chatterboxes... 324 00:21:52,040 --> 00:21:53,480 (WHALE SINGING) 325 00:21:53,520 --> 00:21:55,520 ..other whales do things differently. 326 00:21:56,400 --> 00:21:59,160 In the next part of my journey, I want to find out 327 00:21:59,200 --> 00:22:02,560 why some whales want to be heard hundreds of miles away... 328 00:22:03,760 --> 00:22:06,160 ..and how their sound-sensing powers 329 00:22:06,200 --> 00:22:08,160 can put whales in danger. 330 00:22:21,240 --> 00:22:23,280 (DYNAMIC MUSIC) 331 00:22:23,320 --> 00:22:25,160 'The more we understand whales... 332 00:22:26,440 --> 00:22:28,600 ..the more we discover we have in common. 333 00:22:30,000 --> 00:22:32,080 Modern science and technology 334 00:22:32,120 --> 00:22:35,440 allow us to appreciate the whales' underwater world 335 00:22:35,480 --> 00:22:37,240 in ways we never thought possible. 336 00:22:41,120 --> 00:22:42,920 Some of the biggest breakthroughs 337 00:22:42,960 --> 00:22:45,640 are in long-distance whale communication. 338 00:22:45,680 --> 00:22:47,560 (LOW CLICKING SOUNDS) 339 00:22:52,080 --> 00:22:53,440 To find out more, 340 00:22:53,480 --> 00:22:55,440 I've crossed into the Pacific Ocean... 341 00:22:57,160 --> 00:23:00,920 ..to the paradise island of Tahiti in French Polynesia... 342 00:23:06,400 --> 00:23:08,160 ..where the seas resound 343 00:23:08,200 --> 00:23:10,880 with a familiar and bewitching tune. 344 00:23:15,880 --> 00:23:18,120 The song of the humpback. 345 00:23:18,160 --> 00:23:20,120 (HIGH-PITCHED SINGING) 346 00:23:21,440 --> 00:23:24,240 We often think of our seas as being a silent world, 347 00:23:24,280 --> 00:23:26,600 but the truth is that's very rarely the case, 348 00:23:26,640 --> 00:23:29,120 and certainly not here in French Polynesia 349 00:23:29,160 --> 00:23:31,480 during humpback breeding season. 350 00:23:31,520 --> 00:23:33,440 This is a hydrophone, 351 00:23:33,480 --> 00:23:36,520 which is a highly sensitive underwater microphone. 352 00:23:36,560 --> 00:23:39,280 So, let's drop it in and see what we can hear. 353 00:23:47,280 --> 00:23:49,480 (HIGH-PITCHED CALLS ECHOING) 354 00:23:50,360 --> 00:23:51,680 Oh, there it is. 355 00:23:51,720 --> 00:23:54,680 (NOTES RISING AND FALLING) 356 00:23:54,720 --> 00:23:56,720 That is beautiful. 357 00:23:59,760 --> 00:24:03,280 (LOW, GUTTURAL NOTES) Male humpbacks sing long and complex songs, 358 00:24:03,320 --> 00:24:06,360 sometimes lasting hours at a time. 359 00:24:06,400 --> 00:24:08,800 (WHALE SINGS HIGH-PITCHED NOTES) 360 00:24:10,160 --> 00:24:13,520 Scientists suggest the songs may be advertisements; 361 00:24:13,560 --> 00:24:15,520 sea-borne serenades 362 00:24:15,560 --> 00:24:17,400 showing off to potential mates. 363 00:24:18,600 --> 00:24:19,800 (LOW, GUTTURAL NOTE) 364 00:24:19,840 --> 00:24:23,240 One of the most amazing things about whale song is 365 00:24:23,280 --> 00:24:27,240 sound carries about four times faster in water 366 00:24:27,280 --> 00:24:30,440 than it does in air, and it can travel further, too. 367 00:24:30,480 --> 00:24:33,600 So, whales can be communicating with each other 368 00:24:33,640 --> 00:24:38,560 across entire seas. (WHALE SINGS HIGH-PITCHED NOTES) 369 00:24:42,080 --> 00:24:46,000 The crooning male could still be many miles away, 370 00:24:46,040 --> 00:24:48,720 but I've found some females close by, 371 00:24:48,760 --> 00:24:50,800 and I want to know if they're listening. 372 00:24:57,520 --> 00:24:59,560 (WHALES SINGING) 373 00:25:02,160 --> 00:25:05,720 Down here, I can hear the song without a microphone. 374 00:25:08,160 --> 00:25:11,360 These females are surely aware of his love songs. 375 00:25:11,400 --> 00:25:13,360 But, are they impressed? 376 00:25:16,760 --> 00:25:18,960 (HIGH-PITCHED SINGING) 377 00:25:20,960 --> 00:25:22,760 Females may not sing... 378 00:25:30,280 --> 00:25:32,080 ..but they are far from silent. 379 00:25:35,080 --> 00:25:38,480 Her giant pectoral fins are the longest fins, 380 00:25:38,520 --> 00:25:41,000 and indeed limbs, on the planet. 381 00:25:42,120 --> 00:25:43,800 Slapped on the surface, 382 00:25:43,840 --> 00:25:46,760 they turn the ocean into a giant drum. 383 00:25:49,200 --> 00:25:51,920 The sounds and vibrations carry all around... 384 00:25:53,920 --> 00:25:56,280 ..and may be a reply to the male's song. 385 00:25:59,840 --> 00:26:03,640 Humpback courtship is intense and can turn violent. 386 00:26:03,680 --> 00:26:05,480 It's best not to linger 387 00:26:05,520 --> 00:26:08,400 with huge limbs and tails flailing through the water. 388 00:26:13,120 --> 00:26:15,000 (HIGH-PITCHED WHALE SONG) 389 00:26:17,520 --> 00:26:19,480 The humpback is the most tuneful, 390 00:26:19,520 --> 00:26:21,440 and best-known whale vocalist, 391 00:26:21,480 --> 00:26:24,920 but many others also call long distance. 392 00:26:25,720 --> 00:26:27,080 The blue whale, 393 00:26:27,120 --> 00:26:29,520 the largest animal ever known to have lived, 394 00:26:29,560 --> 00:26:32,880 creates deep sounds too low for our ears. 395 00:26:32,920 --> 00:26:36,560 This infrasound travels over 800 kilometres. 396 00:26:40,760 --> 00:26:43,840 Whales have evolved in this acoustic realm, 397 00:26:43,880 --> 00:26:46,840 so they also use sound to navigate... 398 00:26:46,880 --> 00:26:49,200 (LOW THUMPING, CLICKING) 399 00:26:49,240 --> 00:26:50,840 (SQUEAKING, CLICKING) 400 00:26:50,880 --> 00:26:54,120 ..and to hunt, using echolocation. 401 00:26:56,080 --> 00:26:58,680 Despite their lack of external ears, 402 00:26:58,720 --> 00:27:02,200 they have other means for receiving and processing sounds. 403 00:27:03,440 --> 00:27:05,960 With twice the auditory nerve cells of humans, 404 00:27:06,000 --> 00:27:09,240 most can hear a far wider range of frequencies. 405 00:27:10,640 --> 00:27:12,600 (CRACKLY CLICKING) 406 00:27:12,640 --> 00:27:15,760 But highly sensitive hearing has consequences. 407 00:27:15,800 --> 00:27:18,320 They cannot escape noise 408 00:27:18,360 --> 00:27:21,600 and the soundscape of the sea has changed. 409 00:27:29,440 --> 00:27:31,440 We're only now starting to understand 410 00:27:31,480 --> 00:27:34,680 quite how vital sound is to whales and dolphins. 411 00:27:34,720 --> 00:27:37,880 It's possible they may have language every bit as sophisticated 412 00:27:37,920 --> 00:27:39,760 and complex as our own. 413 00:27:39,800 --> 00:27:43,040 What we do know is how much they need silent seas, 414 00:27:43,080 --> 00:27:45,640 and that we as humans are turning them 415 00:27:45,680 --> 00:27:47,640 into unbearably noisy places. 416 00:27:51,640 --> 00:27:54,200 (MUFFLED CHUGGING SOUND) 417 00:27:54,240 --> 00:27:55,840 Since the 1950s, 418 00:27:55,880 --> 00:27:59,240 ocean sound may have doubled every decade. 419 00:27:59,280 --> 00:28:00,880 Shipping... 420 00:28:03,520 --> 00:28:05,120 ..drilling for oil... 421 00:28:06,600 --> 00:28:08,240 ..and other human activities 422 00:28:08,280 --> 00:28:10,920 create a constant background drone. 423 00:28:10,960 --> 00:28:12,520 (FOGHORN BLARES) 424 00:28:16,280 --> 00:28:19,320 Other sounds are much more violent. 425 00:28:20,440 --> 00:28:23,880 Explosive charges in the hunt for fossil fuels... 426 00:28:23,920 --> 00:28:26,200 (THUNDEROUS EXPLOSION) 427 00:28:26,240 --> 00:28:28,400 ..and naval blasts 428 00:28:28,440 --> 00:28:30,560 can destroy a whale's hearing. 429 00:28:31,480 --> 00:28:33,960 As they try to flee the noise 430 00:28:34,000 --> 00:28:35,960 they may surface too quickly, 431 00:28:36,000 --> 00:28:38,000 suffering decompression sickness. 432 00:28:40,640 --> 00:28:43,360 Noise pollution might even lead to a tragedy 433 00:28:43,400 --> 00:28:45,840 that kills thousands of whales and dolphins... 434 00:28:47,600 --> 00:28:49,120 ..stranding. 435 00:28:52,120 --> 00:28:55,320 Probably the worst affected species, is the pilot whale. 436 00:28:56,680 --> 00:28:58,240 (WHALES SQUEAKING) 437 00:28:58,280 --> 00:29:00,840 These live in close-knit family groups 438 00:29:00,880 --> 00:29:04,000 that roam the globe hunting for deep sea squid. 439 00:29:11,480 --> 00:29:13,320 And, where one goes... 440 00:29:14,720 --> 00:29:16,600 ..the others follow. 441 00:29:19,960 --> 00:29:23,600 But if noise exposure causes one to be driven ashore 442 00:29:23,640 --> 00:29:26,160 by deafness or disorientation... 443 00:29:27,400 --> 00:29:29,080 ..their close bonds 444 00:29:29,120 --> 00:29:31,920 mean the rest of the family won't leave it behind. 445 00:29:31,960 --> 00:29:33,920 (WHALES SQUAWKING, CLICKING) 446 00:29:41,120 --> 00:29:44,760 Without assistance, the whole pod can perish. 447 00:29:44,800 --> 00:29:46,600 (WHALE CLICKING) 448 00:29:50,120 --> 00:29:52,160 I'm heading to the British Isles... 449 00:29:53,280 --> 00:29:55,720 ..and the rugged coast of South Wales 450 00:29:55,760 --> 00:29:57,640 to find out what can be done. 451 00:30:01,360 --> 00:30:04,040 With stranding incidences increasing worldwide, 452 00:30:04,080 --> 00:30:06,920 the way we deal with them has never been more critical. 453 00:30:10,200 --> 00:30:11,720 All around the world, 454 00:30:11,760 --> 00:30:15,120 volunteer groups are offering training, 455 00:30:15,160 --> 00:30:19,600 to teach the essentials of rescue, and whale first aid. 456 00:30:23,920 --> 00:30:26,000 This whale is just a replica, 457 00:30:26,040 --> 00:30:27,840 but, in a real-life stranding, 458 00:30:27,880 --> 00:30:30,920 a fast response would be critical. 459 00:30:30,960 --> 00:30:33,240 Cetaceans have evolved over millions of years 460 00:30:33,280 --> 00:30:36,320 to live in the water, to have their body weight supported. 461 00:30:36,360 --> 00:30:39,200 The second they're on land, they are on borrowed time. 462 00:30:41,480 --> 00:30:45,360 Without the support of the water a whale's organs will collapse. 463 00:30:46,440 --> 00:30:49,440 They're also unable to regulate their body temperature 464 00:30:49,480 --> 00:30:51,200 and will quickly overheat. 465 00:30:51,240 --> 00:30:52,640 (VOLUNTEERS CHATTER) 466 00:30:52,680 --> 00:30:55,880 So it's vital to know the best way to keep a whale cool, 467 00:30:55,920 --> 00:30:58,600 and its fragile skin safe from injury, 468 00:30:58,640 --> 00:31:01,240 while we work to return it to the sea. 469 00:31:01,280 --> 00:31:03,600 (VOLUNTEERS CHATTERING) WOMAN: Turn him our way. 470 00:31:04,760 --> 00:31:06,600 Even with a whale of this sort of size, 471 00:31:06,640 --> 00:31:08,640 it's still gonna weigh well over a tonne. 472 00:31:09,720 --> 00:31:11,400 There's no way we can lift it, 473 00:31:11,440 --> 00:31:14,840 so we have to rely on the tide coming back in. 474 00:31:14,880 --> 00:31:16,880 MAN: Is everyone ready? WOMAN: Yeah. 475 00:31:16,920 --> 00:31:18,320 BOTH: One, two, three, go. 476 00:31:19,360 --> 00:31:21,320 STEVE: When emergencies happen for real, 477 00:31:21,360 --> 00:31:23,320 like this one in New Zealand, 478 00:31:23,360 --> 00:31:25,720 we know this huge effort can work. 479 00:31:26,920 --> 00:31:29,760 And hundreds of whales have already been saved 480 00:31:29,800 --> 00:31:32,320 by volunteers working in this way. 481 00:31:32,360 --> 00:31:34,320 (UPLIFTING MUSIC) 482 00:31:38,920 --> 00:31:41,880 If this was the real deal, right now, 483 00:31:41,920 --> 00:31:43,760 you'd be freezing cold and exhausted, 484 00:31:43,800 --> 00:31:46,800 but coming out of the sea having seen a whale head back out, 485 00:31:46,840 --> 00:31:50,320 and knowing that your hard work made that possible, 486 00:31:50,360 --> 00:31:53,280 which I think would be just about the most satisfying thing 487 00:31:53,320 --> 00:31:54,720 you could ever do. 488 00:31:58,200 --> 00:32:00,480 Despite efforts to protect them, 489 00:32:00,520 --> 00:32:04,720 changes in our oceans are putting whales and dolphins in danger. 490 00:32:04,760 --> 00:32:06,680 (CLICKING, SQUEAKING) 491 00:32:06,720 --> 00:32:11,080 But to keep them safe, we need to understand them. 492 00:32:12,320 --> 00:32:13,920 (WHALES SQUEAKING) 493 00:32:15,800 --> 00:32:17,720 In the next part of my journey 494 00:32:17,760 --> 00:32:22,000 I want to seek out the people forming unique bonds with whales... 495 00:32:23,520 --> 00:32:25,640 ..and ask what we can all do 496 00:32:25,680 --> 00:32:28,720 to give whales and dolphins a brighter future. 497 00:32:39,520 --> 00:32:41,400 (TENSE, DYNAMIC MUSIC) 498 00:32:42,560 --> 00:32:44,160 (WHALES SQUEAKING) 499 00:32:44,200 --> 00:32:47,720 Humanity has come a long way in our relationship with whales. 500 00:32:50,080 --> 00:32:53,240 But because so much of their lives take place far from land 501 00:32:53,280 --> 00:32:55,000 in deep water... (WHALE SINGING) 502 00:32:56,440 --> 00:32:58,400 ..we still have a lot to learn. 503 00:33:00,600 --> 00:33:02,960 For most species of whales and dolphins, 504 00:33:03,000 --> 00:33:05,080 simple things like breeding, 505 00:33:05,120 --> 00:33:08,280 giving birth, and even feeding, have never been seen. 506 00:33:09,560 --> 00:33:12,280 So much of their world is a mystery to us. 507 00:33:13,680 --> 00:33:17,160 And because their realm is effectively off-limits, 508 00:33:17,200 --> 00:33:20,920 it takes dedication and resourcefulness 509 00:33:20,960 --> 00:33:23,000 to unlock their secrets. 510 00:33:27,640 --> 00:33:30,640 Here on the island of Mauritius in the Indian Ocean... 511 00:33:31,880 --> 00:33:35,160 ..one pioneering team have forged close bonds 512 00:33:35,200 --> 00:33:38,000 with a special pod of sperm whales. 513 00:33:40,200 --> 00:33:42,120 My name is Rene Heuzey, 514 00:33:42,160 --> 00:33:44,960 I am an underwater cameraman, 515 00:33:45,000 --> 00:33:49,280 and I'm filming the sperm whale in Mauritius since 12 years. 516 00:33:53,880 --> 00:33:55,760 (WHALES CLICKING) 517 00:34:01,080 --> 00:34:04,880 When you dive from 12 years with the same family, 518 00:34:04,920 --> 00:34:06,600 it's like your family. 519 00:34:06,640 --> 00:34:08,600 (WHALES CLICKING) 520 00:34:15,360 --> 00:34:17,480 For me, it's very magical. 521 00:34:17,520 --> 00:34:22,159 It's amazing, because I am just a little human. 522 00:34:24,320 --> 00:34:28,120 Rene has been diving with the same sperm whales for so long, 523 00:34:28,159 --> 00:34:30,400 that they've learned to accept his presence. 524 00:34:34,159 --> 00:34:37,639 He can identify each individual by name, 525 00:34:37,679 --> 00:34:40,360 and knows their unique histories. 526 00:34:40,400 --> 00:34:43,400 (WHALES SQUEAKING, CLICKING) But of all the whales in the group, 527 00:34:43,440 --> 00:34:45,679 there's one he's most eager to see... 528 00:34:48,320 --> 00:34:49,719 Chesna. 529 00:34:54,199 --> 00:34:57,160 These first shots of her as a new-born 530 00:34:57,200 --> 00:34:59,040 were captured six years ago. 531 00:35:00,200 --> 00:35:04,840 Since then Rene has dived alongside her over and over again. 532 00:35:06,440 --> 00:35:09,280 Today is the first dive of the year 533 00:35:09,320 --> 00:35:11,560 and Chesna has come to greet him. 534 00:35:15,640 --> 00:35:19,960 I would like to know one thing very, very important; 535 00:35:20,000 --> 00:35:23,000 I would like to know how to communicate 536 00:35:23,040 --> 00:35:25,560 between sperm whale and the human. 537 00:35:28,840 --> 00:35:31,560 Knowing many whales use bubbles to communicate... 538 00:35:33,320 --> 00:35:35,960 ..Rene has adapted his dive regulator 539 00:35:36,000 --> 00:35:37,920 to mimic their emissions 540 00:35:37,960 --> 00:35:40,480 and uses it to signal his recognition. 541 00:35:45,720 --> 00:35:47,920 Almost immediately, 542 00:35:47,960 --> 00:35:49,760 Chesna signals back. 543 00:35:51,640 --> 00:35:53,560 (CHENA CLICKING) 544 00:35:57,200 --> 00:36:00,160 When you are looking eyes to eyes... 545 00:36:01,320 --> 00:36:03,480 ..and for me, it's a magical moment, 546 00:36:03,520 --> 00:36:06,200 and I have a lot of emotion, 547 00:36:06,240 --> 00:36:10,280 because I recognise Chesna, 548 00:36:10,320 --> 00:36:13,520 and Chesna recognise me. 549 00:36:13,560 --> 00:36:15,080 She accept me. 550 00:36:17,880 --> 00:36:19,920 (ETHEREAL MUSIC) 551 00:36:19,960 --> 00:36:24,440 This gift, to be able to get to know individual whales, 552 00:36:24,480 --> 00:36:26,320 has benefits for Science. 553 00:36:28,280 --> 00:36:30,920 It's enabled Rene and his colleagues 554 00:36:30,960 --> 00:36:34,120 to create the first detailed whale family tree. 555 00:36:37,880 --> 00:36:40,200 And this is more than a family. 556 00:36:41,680 --> 00:36:43,200 It's a community. 557 00:36:48,640 --> 00:36:50,960 This is a baby sperm whale. 558 00:36:51,920 --> 00:36:55,040 He's tiny and, while he's so small, 559 00:36:55,080 --> 00:36:57,480 almost totally dependent on his mother. 560 00:36:58,440 --> 00:37:01,200 Because he can't yet dive to any depth... 561 00:37:03,160 --> 00:37:06,000 ..when she descends into the deep to feed... 562 00:37:08,560 --> 00:37:10,800 ..he must remain on the surface. 563 00:37:13,120 --> 00:37:14,520 (WHALE CLICKING) 564 00:37:14,560 --> 00:37:16,360 But he isn't abandoned. 565 00:37:21,160 --> 00:37:25,720 His mother has left him in under the watchful eye of a babysitter. 566 00:37:27,280 --> 00:37:30,600 She keeps him close and defends him from predators. 567 00:37:31,600 --> 00:37:33,600 But that's not all she does. 568 00:37:36,520 --> 00:37:38,400 After an hour of hunting, 569 00:37:38,440 --> 00:37:41,120 his mother returns to the surface to breathe. 570 00:37:45,880 --> 00:37:49,680 Exhausted, there's only one thing she wants to do... 571 00:37:51,880 --> 00:37:53,520 Rest. 572 00:37:53,560 --> 00:37:55,520 Hanging vertically to sleep. 573 00:38:08,200 --> 00:38:10,200 He tries to suckle... 574 00:38:11,320 --> 00:38:12,920 ..but without success. 575 00:38:16,920 --> 00:38:19,080 But her baby needs to feed. 576 00:38:21,120 --> 00:38:23,760 He tries his luck with the babysitter. 577 00:38:26,400 --> 00:38:29,400 She isn't his mother but can be... 578 00:38:31,040 --> 00:38:33,120 ..a wet nurse. 579 00:38:33,160 --> 00:38:37,040 Milk flows from a concealed nipple in front of her tail. 580 00:38:37,080 --> 00:38:39,120 This has rarely been filmed. 581 00:38:41,680 --> 00:38:45,680 Caring for the infants of others, or alloparenting, 582 00:38:45,720 --> 00:38:48,080 is incredibly rare in the natural world. 583 00:38:49,280 --> 00:38:51,560 Less than 3% of mammals do it. 584 00:38:52,440 --> 00:38:55,080 Among them, of course, are humans. 585 00:38:59,960 --> 00:39:02,400 With every piece of science that emerges, 586 00:39:02,440 --> 00:39:06,720 whales look less like ominous and mysterious ocean devils... 587 00:39:08,000 --> 00:39:11,000 ..and more like our close mammal kin. 588 00:39:17,280 --> 00:39:19,920 Nowhere has the human-whale relationship 589 00:39:19,960 --> 00:39:21,800 changed more dramatically, 590 00:39:21,840 --> 00:39:24,560 than in the peninsula of Baja California 591 00:39:24,600 --> 00:39:26,200 in the eastern Pacific. 592 00:39:30,160 --> 00:39:34,440 This was once the site of bloody battles between man and whale. 593 00:39:39,320 --> 00:39:41,200 Whalers would target calves 594 00:39:41,240 --> 00:39:44,280 and the mothers would smash their boats to pieces, 595 00:39:44,320 --> 00:39:46,840 earning them the name "devilfish". 596 00:39:48,120 --> 00:39:51,440 Even when whaling was banned here in 1947, 597 00:39:51,480 --> 00:39:54,840 fishermen continued to fear the whales for decades. 598 00:39:57,800 --> 00:39:59,320 (UPLIFTING MUSIC) 599 00:39:59,360 --> 00:40:00,960 But not anymore. 600 00:40:02,320 --> 00:40:04,320 (SPEAKING IN SPANISH) 601 00:40:09,160 --> 00:40:10,880 As well as being a fisherman, 602 00:40:10,920 --> 00:40:13,320 Daniel has a special licence, 603 00:40:13,360 --> 00:40:15,240 allowing him to take visitors out 604 00:40:15,280 --> 00:40:17,360 into the lagoons to go looking for whales. 605 00:40:24,400 --> 00:40:26,360 But they never have to look for long. 606 00:40:27,480 --> 00:40:29,520 DANIEL: We have a whale at 12 o'clock. 607 00:40:30,840 --> 00:40:34,120 These grey whales could be descendants 608 00:40:34,160 --> 00:40:37,880 of those that survived the era of whaling. 609 00:40:39,840 --> 00:40:41,960 Despite their gruesome past... 610 00:40:43,640 --> 00:40:46,400 ..the whales don't smash the boats or flee. 611 00:40:48,760 --> 00:40:50,960 Instead, they seek them out. 612 00:40:51,000 --> 00:40:52,880 DANIEL: Another one is coming this way. 613 00:40:54,080 --> 00:40:56,800 WOMAN: It's got a calf! It's got a baby! 614 00:41:04,720 --> 00:41:07,600 The mothers even encourage their babies 615 00:41:07,640 --> 00:41:10,520 to meet their first humans. 616 00:41:10,560 --> 00:41:12,440 (WOMAN LAUGHING) 617 00:41:13,800 --> 00:41:15,880 Hola mi amor. 618 00:41:19,640 --> 00:41:21,240 It is so playful! 619 00:41:23,520 --> 00:41:27,440 You can see, like, the mum is just pushing the baby. 620 00:41:27,480 --> 00:41:30,600 So, she is letting us play with him. 621 00:41:32,240 --> 00:41:34,240 She's just spectacular. 622 00:41:37,040 --> 00:41:40,560 It's so... immense to have them so close to you. 623 00:41:40,600 --> 00:41:42,200 (SHE LAUGHS) 624 00:41:44,280 --> 00:41:46,200 (DANIEL SPEAKS ENGLISH) 625 00:41:59,560 --> 00:42:03,760 San Ignacio was once a slaughter site for whales. 626 00:42:03,800 --> 00:42:07,080 Now, the fishermen are their guardians. 627 00:42:07,120 --> 00:42:10,200 Numbers of visitors are strictly limited, 628 00:42:10,240 --> 00:42:12,840 and the nurseries are protected by law. 629 00:42:15,560 --> 00:42:19,080 WOMAN: I think we are honoured to have these whales in these lagoons. 630 00:42:20,480 --> 00:42:23,120 And this bond began with the fishermen, no? 631 00:42:28,480 --> 00:42:30,640 Gray whales are migratory. 632 00:42:30,680 --> 00:42:33,640 Soon these infants will have to leave this sanctuary 633 00:42:33,680 --> 00:42:35,880 and head into unprotected seas. 634 00:42:39,600 --> 00:42:41,760 But for now they're safe. 635 00:42:43,600 --> 00:42:45,720 San Ignacio is an inspiring tale 636 00:42:45,760 --> 00:42:48,160 of how human attitudes to whales can change 637 00:42:48,200 --> 00:42:50,160 in just one generation. 638 00:42:50,200 --> 00:42:52,200 But if we want whales to have a future, 639 00:42:52,240 --> 00:42:54,560 we need this to be repeated everywhere. 640 00:42:59,320 --> 00:43:01,360 For whales and dolphins to flourish... 641 00:43:02,480 --> 00:43:04,640 ..they need safe havens. 642 00:43:10,600 --> 00:43:15,600 A refuge from our fishing, our shipping, and our noise. 643 00:43:17,040 --> 00:43:19,320 Where we safeguard their food, 644 00:43:19,360 --> 00:43:23,080 their nurseries and everything else they need. 645 00:43:27,520 --> 00:43:31,040 Currently these make up just a tiny fraction of our seas. 646 00:43:31,080 --> 00:43:33,560 (WHALES SQUEAKING) But there is hope... 647 00:43:36,160 --> 00:43:37,760 ..on the horizon. 648 00:43:39,560 --> 00:43:41,800 In 2023, the United Nations 649 00:43:41,840 --> 00:43:46,640 came up with a plan to protect 30% of our oceans by 2030, 650 00:43:46,680 --> 00:43:49,600 the biggest conservation win in my lifetime. 651 00:43:49,640 --> 00:43:52,560 If we care about our whale and dolphin cousins, 652 00:43:52,600 --> 00:43:54,960 it's up to us to make that happen. 653 00:43:55,000 --> 00:43:57,800 Especially, now we know how much we have in common. 654 00:44:19,320 --> 00:44:22,160 When we set out to make a series about whales, 655 00:44:22,200 --> 00:44:24,080 we knew we were in for a challenge. 656 00:44:26,520 --> 00:44:30,960 With some species almost impossible to see, let alone film. 657 00:44:32,600 --> 00:44:36,240 As a stopping off point for all sorts of Atlantic marine life, 658 00:44:36,280 --> 00:44:39,360 the Azores is a hotspot for whales. 659 00:44:47,720 --> 00:44:51,480 These islands play host to dozens of whale species, 660 00:44:51,520 --> 00:44:54,080 either resident or passing through. 661 00:44:55,840 --> 00:44:59,160 As such, they were once a focus for whaling. 662 00:45:01,240 --> 00:45:03,680 But knowing they're around is just the start. 663 00:45:03,720 --> 00:45:06,120 Some whales travel fast 664 00:45:06,160 --> 00:45:08,640 and only surface for a few minutes at a time. 665 00:45:10,000 --> 00:45:11,840 So, for director Ellen Husain, 666 00:45:11,880 --> 00:45:15,000 it was critical to be in the right place at the right time. 667 00:45:15,840 --> 00:45:18,240 We're at their mercy, they're such big animals, 668 00:45:18,280 --> 00:45:20,760 they can move so fast compared to us. 669 00:45:20,800 --> 00:45:24,560 We just have to hope they allow us to film with them. 670 00:45:27,040 --> 00:45:29,560 When we finally found our first whale... 671 00:45:29,600 --> 00:45:31,400 ELLEN: Manuel, let us know. 672 00:45:31,440 --> 00:45:33,480 (SPEAKS OWN LANGUAGE) 673 00:45:33,520 --> 00:45:37,720 Local guide Emanuel Goulert gave us the signal to enter the water. 674 00:45:37,760 --> 00:45:39,920 If you wanna dive now, go now. ELLEN: Go! 675 00:45:42,040 --> 00:45:43,840 Here, they're here. 676 00:45:43,880 --> 00:45:46,280 (DYNAMIC MUSIC) 677 00:45:46,320 --> 00:45:49,320 We had special permission to dive with the whales here, 678 00:45:49,360 --> 00:45:51,160 which are protected by law. 679 00:45:53,400 --> 00:45:57,600 But even giant ocean predators can be surprisingly sensitive. 680 00:46:01,520 --> 00:46:04,480 I had a bit too much of a splash going into the water, 681 00:46:04,520 --> 00:46:07,000 and the whale heard it and turned away. 682 00:46:11,440 --> 00:46:15,840 We needed to get to know each whale and assess their mood 683 00:46:15,880 --> 00:46:17,920 before getting the camera team in place. 684 00:46:20,240 --> 00:46:24,120 And the techniques used to find whales in days gone by... 685 00:46:24,160 --> 00:46:25,560 ..still work. 686 00:46:28,440 --> 00:46:30,600 Our method for finding whales 687 00:46:30,640 --> 00:46:33,040 basically hasn't changed in 100 years. 688 00:46:33,080 --> 00:46:35,640 We're standing here looking out to the horizon 689 00:46:35,680 --> 00:46:39,240 for the- the blows or the spouts from the whales. 690 00:46:40,360 --> 00:46:42,840 But we have one added advantage. 691 00:46:42,880 --> 00:46:45,120 Up on the hillsides around us, 692 00:46:45,160 --> 00:46:47,320 in the exact same lookout spots 693 00:46:47,360 --> 00:46:49,800 as were used during the era of whaling, 694 00:46:49,840 --> 00:46:51,440 we have spotters. 695 00:46:51,480 --> 00:46:54,360 The one difference is, if they see whales, 696 00:46:54,400 --> 00:46:56,600 they get on the radio and tell us where they are, 697 00:46:56,640 --> 00:47:00,000 as opposed to mobilising the boats to head out to hunt. 698 00:47:01,640 --> 00:47:04,680 We also used another whaling technique 699 00:47:04,720 --> 00:47:06,560 to hone in on our targets. 700 00:47:06,600 --> 00:47:09,880 Calves are not as adept at diving as their mothers, 701 00:47:09,920 --> 00:47:12,840 so they have to stay at the surface, and because of that, 702 00:47:12,880 --> 00:47:15,200 if you can keep an eye on one of the young calves, 703 00:47:15,240 --> 00:47:17,760 you've always got a kind of focus point 704 00:47:17,800 --> 00:47:20,000 for where the adults are eventually gonna be. 705 00:47:21,400 --> 00:47:24,640 This method gave camera operator Rob Taylor 706 00:47:24,680 --> 00:47:28,000 the chance to capture one of our most memorable encounters. 707 00:47:29,000 --> 00:47:32,560 This looks good, this looks very good. You set, Rob?Yeah. 708 00:47:32,600 --> 00:47:34,400 ELLEN: OK, divers in. 709 00:47:34,440 --> 00:47:35,840 WOMAN: (ON RADIO) OK, copy that. 710 00:47:39,040 --> 00:47:40,920 (ETHEREAL MUSIC) 711 00:47:44,640 --> 00:47:46,440 (WHALE CLICKING) 712 00:47:47,920 --> 00:47:49,720 It really is quite something. 713 00:47:49,760 --> 00:47:51,600 It kind of feels just like 714 00:47:51,640 --> 00:47:54,840 you're watching a human mother having a cuddle with their baby. 715 00:47:55,680 --> 00:47:58,160 They just seem so calm, so chilled out. 716 00:47:58,200 --> 00:48:00,600 Clearly just relaxing at the end of the day. 717 00:48:00,640 --> 00:48:02,360 Very, very beautiful. 718 00:48:05,040 --> 00:48:07,640 With long days out at sea on the North Atlantic, 719 00:48:07,680 --> 00:48:09,120 anything could happen. 720 00:48:12,040 --> 00:48:14,120 Spotters had directed us south, 721 00:48:14,160 --> 00:48:15,640 to a feeding gathering... 722 00:48:17,280 --> 00:48:19,160 ..but there was a surprise in store. 723 00:48:21,320 --> 00:48:23,720 We've just had to stop, because we've been surrounded by 724 00:48:23,760 --> 00:48:25,560 a pod of Risso's dolphins. 725 00:48:25,600 --> 00:48:28,480 Normally Risso's are super shy, 726 00:48:28,520 --> 00:48:31,160 they disappear at the first sign of a boat or a person, 727 00:48:31,200 --> 00:48:33,840 but these are just hanging out at the surface. 728 00:48:35,360 --> 00:48:37,760 This left us with a dilemma. 729 00:48:37,800 --> 00:48:40,040 Getting footage of Risso's would be a real coup, 730 00:48:40,080 --> 00:48:42,760 but if we wasted hours trying and didn't succeed, 731 00:48:42,800 --> 00:48:45,160 we'd have missed the big action down south. 732 00:48:45,960 --> 00:48:48,480 Cameraman Rob was undecided. 733 00:48:48,520 --> 00:48:51,240 You don't normally ever try to film Risso dolphins, 734 00:48:51,280 --> 00:48:53,400 because you can't film them, essentially. 735 00:48:53,440 --> 00:48:55,800 MANUEL: 10 o'clock, 5 metre on the bow. 736 00:48:55,840 --> 00:48:57,520 Straight down, Rob, straight down! 737 00:49:01,760 --> 00:49:03,160 ELLEN: This looks good. 738 00:49:03,200 --> 00:49:04,920 (DOLPHINS SQUEAKING) 739 00:49:04,960 --> 00:49:08,120 Against all the odds, our gamble paid off. 740 00:49:09,080 --> 00:49:11,120 The Risso's cruised by, 741 00:49:11,160 --> 00:49:12,880 seemingly oblivious. 742 00:49:14,200 --> 00:49:16,840 And we captured something very special indeed. 743 00:49:21,480 --> 00:49:24,480 That was completely surreal! 744 00:49:24,520 --> 00:49:28,640 ROB: That was amazing! Unbelievable. (LAUGHS) 745 00:49:28,680 --> 00:49:31,240 We are very, very happy. 746 00:49:31,280 --> 00:49:35,560 I've never, ever seen Risso dolphin behaving like this at all. 747 00:49:36,560 --> 00:49:39,680 I mean, that was crazy. They, yeah, I mean... 748 00:49:40,920 --> 00:49:43,200 (CREW LAUGHING) They don't- they don't do that. 749 00:49:45,240 --> 00:49:47,800 We followed in the footsteps of whalers, 750 00:49:47,840 --> 00:49:50,400 to explore our close kinship. 751 00:49:51,360 --> 00:49:54,320 And by pure chance, captured a moment 752 00:49:54,360 --> 00:49:58,640 that adds to our understanding of these enigmatic animals. 753 00:49:58,680 --> 00:50:00,600 (DOLPHINS SQUEAKING) 754 00:50:03,960 --> 00:50:06,120 (DYNAMIC THEME MUSIC) 755 00:50:06,160 --> 00:50:11,200 AccessibleCustomerService@sky.uk 55642

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