All language subtitles for Mystery.of.the.Sphinx._1993_
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1
00:00:04,454 --> 00:00:08,872
Z�hada Sfingy
2
00:00:09,322 --> 00:00:12,422
uv�d�
3
00:00:12,947 --> 00:00:15,800
podle p�vodn�ho v�zkumu
Johna Anthony Westa
4
00:00:16,270 --> 00:00:18,856
hlavn� producent
5
00:00:19,472 --> 00:00:21,809
produkce
6
00:00:22,783 --> 00:00:25,176
re�ie
7
00:00:35,337 --> 00:00:38,184
Velk� egyptsk�
Sfinga.
8
00:00:38,573 --> 00:00:41,363
Str�ce starobyl�ch
z�had,...
9
00:00:42,187 --> 00:00:45,165
...ochr�nce d�vn�ch
tajemstv�.
10
00:00:46,002 --> 00:00:50,175
Sfinga je pova�ov�na
za nejv�t�� sochu na Zemi.
11
00:00:54,684 --> 00:00:57,049
Dobr� ve�er,
jsem Charleton Heston.
12
00:00:57,199 --> 00:00:58,799
P�ibli�n� ka�d�ch
100 let...
13
00:00:58,949 --> 00:01:01,665
...se objev� my�lenka,
kter� ot�ese sv�tem.
14
00:01:01,881 --> 00:01:03,626
My�lenka tak
pokrokov�,...
15
00:01:03,776 --> 00:01:06,335
...�e nejprve nikdo nev���
v jej� pravdivost.
16
00:01:06,485 --> 00:01:10,108
Kdy� Galileo p�edlo�il d�kaz,
�e Zem� ob�h� kolem Slunce,...
17
00:01:10,258 --> 00:01:11,971
...autority jej
uv�znily.
18
00:01:12,121 --> 00:01:14,124
Mnoho lid�
odm�talo uv��it,...
19
00:01:14,274 --> 00:01:16,673
...�e by brat�i Wrightov�
mohli l�tat,...
20
00:01:16,823 --> 00:01:18,946
...i kdy� to d�lali
ji� dva roky.
21
00:01:19,096 --> 00:01:21,949
Nakonec v�ak
- jsou-li d�kazy p�esv�d�iv� -
22
00:01:22,099 --> 00:01:25,270
...m��e b�t teorie p�ijata
jako obecn� znalost.
23
00:01:25,523 --> 00:01:27,186
Nyn� mo�n�
uvid�te,...
24
00:01:27,336 --> 00:01:29,836
...jak se p�episuj�
d�jiny.
25
00:01:34,784 --> 00:01:36,909
Dnes ve�er se
pod�v�me do Egypta,...
26
00:01:37,059 --> 00:01:41,102
...abychom prozkoumali kontroverzn�
teorie Johna Anthony Westa.
27
00:01:41,338 --> 00:01:43,559
West se sv�m
v�deck�m t�mem...
28
00:01:43,709 --> 00:01:46,434
...zpochyb�uje na�e
dlouho zast�van� n�zory...
29
00:01:46,584 --> 00:01:48,387
...na p�vod
velk� Sfingy.
30
00:01:48,537 --> 00:01:51,729
Tvrd�, �e Sfinga
byla vytes�na p�edt�m,...
31
00:01:51,879 --> 00:01:56,138
...ne� se Egypt stal pou�t� -
p�ed 9 a� 10 tis�ci lety.
32
00:01:58,065 --> 00:02:02,625
Je pozoruhodn�, �e d�kaz byl
tis�ce let z�eteln� na o��ch,...
33
00:02:02,775 --> 00:02:06,213
...av�ak a� dodnes si nikdo
neuv�domil jeho v�znam.
34
00:02:06,363 --> 00:02:09,181
Jestli�e se Westova teorie
uk�e jako spr�vn�,...
35
00:02:09,331 --> 00:02:11,490
...jej� d�sledky budou
ohromn�.
36
00:02:13,576 --> 00:02:17,897
U�ili jsme se, �e lid� ob�vaj�c� Egypt
v onom ran�m obdob�,...
37
00:02:18,047 --> 00:02:21,514
...byli primitivov�, kte�� se �ivili
lovem a sb�rem.
38
00:02:21,732 --> 00:02:25,073
John West v���, �e je
tento pohled ne�pln�.
39
00:02:25,223 --> 00:02:29,037
Mysl� si, �e chyb� cel� kapitola
ran�ch lidsk�ch d�jin.
40
00:02:29,187 --> 00:02:32,422
West�v t�m odhalil nov�
d�kazy nazna�uj�c�,...
41
00:02:32,572 --> 00:02:35,780
...�e jsme potomky nezn�m�
d��v�j�� civilizace -
42
00:02:35,930 --> 00:02:37,681
- n�jak� vysp�l�
kultury,...
43
00:02:37,831 --> 00:02:40,604
...schopn� ohromuj�c�ch
technologick�ch v�kon�.
44
00:02:40,754 --> 00:02:43,249
Dnes ve�er tyto d�kazy
prozkoum�me, abychom zjistili,...
45
00:02:43,399 --> 00:02:46,256
...zda je nutn� p�epsat
ran� d�jiny lidstva.
46
00:02:46,406 --> 00:02:49,763
Mohly by b�t legendy
o Atlantid� pravdiv�?
47
00:02:54,703 --> 00:02:56,332
Egypt.
48
00:02:56,796 --> 00:02:58,732
Tajemn� zem�.
49
00:02:59,584 --> 00:03:03,507
A symbol t� z�hadn� kultury -
velk� Sfinga.
50
00:03:07,252 --> 00:03:10,120
Po tis�ce let nav�t�vuj�
Egypt cestovatel�...
51
00:03:10,270 --> 00:03:13,344
...a stoj� p�ed t�mito
velk�mi monumenty v �ct�.
52
00:03:14,662 --> 00:03:18,055
��dn� starobyl� civilizace
po sob� nezanechala...
53
00:03:18,205 --> 00:03:22,595
...takov� bohatstv� um�leck�ho a
architektonick�ho mistrovstv�.
54
00:03:23,124 --> 00:03:26,656
Tyto velkolep� chr�my
byly inspirac� um�lc�...
55
00:03:26,806 --> 00:03:32,239
...starov�k�ho �ecka a ��ma, kte��
zase sv� pozn�n� p�edali n�m.
56
00:03:34,057 --> 00:03:37,377
Kdo v�ak nejprve
inspiroval Egyp�any?
57
00:03:39,669 --> 00:03:42,268
Na to d�jepis
nezn� odpov��.
58
00:03:44,984 --> 00:03:49,790
Sfinga s okoln�mi pyramidami le��
na v�chodn�m konci pou�t� Sahara,...
59
00:03:49,940 --> 00:03:54,022
...10 km od K�hiry na
okraji plo�iny G�za.
60
00:03:56,786 --> 00:04:00,736
Sfinga je dlouh� 73 metr�,
jako m�stsk� �in��k,...
61
00:04:01,036 --> 00:04:04,479
...18 m vysok�, jako
�estipatrov� budova,...
62
00:04:05,836 --> 00:04:09,386
...m� t�lo lva a
hlavu �lov�ka.
63
00:04:10,532 --> 00:04:15,388
Byla vytes�na jako jeden kus
z pevn�ho v�pencov�ho skaln�ho podlo��.
64
00:04:16,343 --> 00:04:19,677
Spo��v� na vlastn�m
ohrazen�m pozemku...
65
00:04:21,120 --> 00:04:23,188
...s tv��� obr�cenou
k v�chodu...
66
00:04:23,338 --> 00:04:26,298
...aby zachytila prvn�
paprsky vych�zej�c�ho Slunce.
67
00:04:30,770 --> 00:04:34,884
Egyptologov� specializovan� na
d�vn� egyptsk� dynastie...
68
00:04:35,034 --> 00:04:38,798
...dnes v���, �e Sfingu nechal
vytesat fara�n Chefr�n...
69
00:04:38,948 --> 00:04:41,996
...jako svou podobiznu
p�ed 4.500 lety.
70
00:04:42,146 --> 00:04:45,147
Chefr�n je fara�n jemu�
je p�ipisov�no postaven�...
71
00:04:45,297 --> 00:04:48,590
...druh� ze t�� hlavn�ch pyramid
na plo�in� G�za...
72
00:04:48,740 --> 00:04:52,100
...b�hem obdob� zn�m�ho jako
"Star� kr�lovstv�".
73
00:04:55,442 --> 00:04:58,518
V�ce ne� polovinu doby sv�
zn�m� existence...
74
00:04:58,668 --> 00:05:01,753
...byla Sfinga poh�bena
a� po krk v p�sku.
75
00:05:01,956 --> 00:05:04,485
I p�es tuto ochranu
p�ed �ivly...
76
00:05:04,635 --> 00:05:08,202
...je t�lo Sfingy
siln� naru�eno eroz�.
77
00:05:09,313 --> 00:05:12,404
A�koli byla vykop�na
a mnohokr�t opravov�na,...
78
00:05:12,554 --> 00:05:14,741
...nikdy nebylo
nalezeno nic...
79
00:05:14,891 --> 00:05:18,421
...co by n�m �eklo, kdo nebo kdy
Sfingu postavil.
80
00:05:19,752 --> 00:05:21,956
Tohle je John
Anthony West,...
81
00:05:22,106 --> 00:05:24,549
...spisovatel a nez�visl�
egyptolog.
82
00:05:24,699 --> 00:05:27,398
P�i zkoum�n� pr�ce
francouzsk�ho matematika...
83
00:05:27,548 --> 00:05:29,708
...jm�nem Schwaller
de Lubicz...
84
00:05:29,858 --> 00:05:32,617
...u�inil n�hodn� objev,
kter� zm�nil jeho �ivot.
85
00:05:32,767 --> 00:05:34,985
Schwaller si jednodu�e
pov�iml,...
86
00:05:35,135 --> 00:05:37,521
...�e Sfinga byla
erodov�na vodou...
87
00:05:37,671 --> 00:05:41,032
...a ne v�trem a p�skem,
jak se tradi�n� v���.
88
00:05:41,432 --> 00:05:44,625
To jsou dva zcela
jin� typy eroze.
89
00:05:44,775 --> 00:05:47,758
Voda v Saharsk�
pou�ti?
90
00:05:48,440 --> 00:05:51,214
V Saha�e nijak
v�znamn�ji nepr�elo...
91
00:05:51,364 --> 00:05:54,872
...ji� 9 a� 10 tis�c let.
92
00:05:57,553 --> 00:06:01,162
West jako prvn� pochopil,
jak� to m� d�sledky.
93
00:06:01,312 --> 00:06:03,744
Byla-li Sfinga erodov�na
vodou,...
94
00:06:03,894 --> 00:06:07,539
...mus� b�t star�
nejm�n� 9.000 let.
95
00:06:09,295 --> 00:06:12,101
Rozs�hlou erozi je
snadn� vid�t,...
96
00:06:12,251 --> 00:06:15,481
...av�ak k ur�en� jej� p���iny
je zapot�eb� experta.
97
00:06:16,513 --> 00:06:20,749
P��tel� mne sezn�mili s
vyhl�en�m oxfordsk�m geologem,...
98
00:06:20,899 --> 00:06:24,020
...a j� jsem za n�m za�el
s velmi prost�m dotazem:
99
00:06:24,170 --> 00:06:26,934
Zda by jen na z�klad�
z�eteln� fotografie...
100
00:06:27,084 --> 00:06:29,542
...mohl jako geolog
poznat rozd�l...
101
00:06:29,692 --> 00:06:33,928
...mezi zv�tr�n�m vlivem vody
a zv�tr�n�m vlivem v�tru s p�skem.
102
00:06:34,078 --> 00:06:36,446
Odpov�d�l, �e
obvykle ano.
103
00:06:36,596 --> 00:06:40,877
Zeptal jsem se, jestli by mu
nevadila takov� men�� finta,...
104
00:06:41,027 --> 00:06:46,040
...a uk�zal jsem mu fotku Sfingy
se zakrytou hlavou a tlapami...
105
00:06:46,190 --> 00:06:49,942
...a zeptal jsem se, co podle n�j
zp�sobilo to zv�tr�n�.
106
00:06:50,092 --> 00:06:53,997
On se na to chv�li d�val,
a pak �ekl: "Nesporn� voda."
107
00:06:54,147 --> 00:06:56,487
A j� jsem odstranil
zakr�vac� prou�ky...
108
00:06:56,637 --> 00:07:00,692
...on na to chvilku z�ral
a �ekl: "Ou!"
109
00:07:01,757 --> 00:07:04,620
Onen oxfordsk�
geolog pochopil,...
110
00:07:04,770 --> 00:07:07,741
...�e jestli�e je Sfinga
star�� ne� 9.000 let,...
111
00:07:07,891 --> 00:07:10,809
...mus� b�t p�eps�na cel�
starov�k� historie lidstva.
112
00:07:10,959 --> 00:07:14,699
S tak kontroverzn�m t�matem
necht�l m�t nic spole�n�ho.
113
00:07:14,849 --> 00:07:17,811
Poprv� West svou
teorii o star�� Sfinze...
114
00:07:17,961 --> 00:07:20,542
...publikoval v knize
"Had na nebi".
115
00:07:20,692 --> 00:07:23,175
V�dci se mu sm�li
a ignorovali ho.
116
00:07:23,325 --> 00:07:25,733
West pot�eboval
n�jak�ho spojence,
117
00:07:25,883 --> 00:07:29,083
...uzn�van�ho experta ochotn�ho
prozkoumat d�kazy,...
118
00:07:29,233 --> 00:07:32,320
...jen� by se neb�l st�t si
za sv�mi z�v�ry.
119
00:07:35,142 --> 00:07:39,180
Dr. Robert Schoch je docentem
na Bostonsk� univerzit�.
120
00:07:39,330 --> 00:07:44,952
Z�skal doktor�t z geologie a
geofyziky na Univerzit� Yale.
121
00:07:45,102 --> 00:07:49,619
Dr. Schoch je expertem na
anal�zu eroze hornin.
122
00:07:49,758 --> 00:07:53,672
Zjistil jsem, �e West m�
velice extr�mn� n�zor,...
123
00:07:53,822 --> 00:07:57,974
...�e je Sfinga o tis�ce let star��,
ne� si mysl� egyptologov�.
124
00:07:58,124 --> 00:08:00,933
��kal jsem si, �e je
to moc velk� skok,...
125
00:08:01,083 --> 00:08:03,603
...ale �e na tom
t�eba n�co je,...
126
00:08:03,753 --> 00:08:07,550
...a� je to velmi nepravd�podobn�,
tak to stoj� za prozkoum�n�.
127
00:08:07,700 --> 00:08:09,852
J� jsem zv�dav�
�lov�k.
128
00:08:11,300 --> 00:08:13,752
West a Schoch
odjeli do Egypta,...
129
00:08:13,902 --> 00:08:16,666
...aby prozkoumali d�kazy,
z prvn� ruky.
130
00:08:16,816 --> 00:08:19,383
Egyptologov�
zkoumaj� monumenty...
131
00:08:19,533 --> 00:08:22,280
...a geologov� kameny,
z nich� jsou vytvo�eny.
132
00:08:22,430 --> 00:08:26,286
A tyto kameny �ekly Schochovi,
�e je West na spr�vn� stop�.
133
00:08:26,436 --> 00:08:29,119
Schocha povzbudilo,
co vid�l,...
134
00:08:29,269 --> 00:08:33,073
...ale t�m absolutn� nebyl
p�ipraven na to, co n�sledovalo.
135
00:08:33,397 --> 00:08:36,041
Jejich teorie n�jak
pros�kla na ve�ejnost,...
136
00:08:36,191 --> 00:08:38,395
...a za�al na n�
�to�it tisk.
137
00:08:38,545 --> 00:08:41,022
"Je to americk�
halucinace.
138
00:08:41,172 --> 00:08:44,856
Zneu��vaj� egyptsk� monumenty
pro sv� osobn� zisky,"...
139
00:08:45,006 --> 00:08:48,497
...�ekl Dr. Zahi Hawass,
�editel planiny G�za.
140
00:08:48,647 --> 00:08:51,259
"Tento t�m je nevzd�lan�
a necitliv�,"...
141
00:08:51,409 --> 00:08:54,870
...to �ekl Dr. Mark Lehner,
egyptolog.
142
00:08:55,020 --> 00:08:58,154
Takov�ch v�c� se o Sfinze
��kalo u� hodn�.
143
00:08:58,304 --> 00:09:00,875
Ale v�echny
odv�l v�tr,...
144
00:09:00,875 --> 00:09:04,571
...proto�e my, egyptologov�,
m�me jednozna�n� d�kazy pro to,...
145
00:09:04,721 --> 00:09:08,158
...�e je Sfinga datov�na
do doby Chefr�na,...
146
00:09:08,308 --> 00:09:11,099
...stavitele druh� pyramidy
na plo�in� G�za.
147
00:09:11,249 --> 00:09:14,446
Westa a Schocha
posm�ch neodradil.
148
00:09:14,596 --> 00:09:18,966
V�d�li, �e je jejich teorie zalo�ena
na nezvratn�m d�kazu.
149
00:09:22,595 --> 00:09:26,184
Prakticky v�echny chr�my
a hrobky na plo�in� G�za...
150
00:09:26,334 --> 00:09:29,299
...zv�tr�valy vlivem
v�tru a p�sku.
151
00:09:30,241 --> 00:09:32,991
Pro� by tedy Sfinga m�la b�t
jedin�m monumentem,...
152
00:09:33,141 --> 00:09:35,472
...kter� zv�tral
vlivem vody?
153
00:09:35,622 --> 00:09:40,053
Geologovi eroze vypr�v�
p��b�h o historii sk�ly.
154
00:09:40,883 --> 00:09:44,704
V�pencov� podlo�� v G�ze
je jako dort,...
155
00:09:44,854 --> 00:09:47,141
...tvo�en� n�kolika tvrd�mi
a m�kk�mi vrstvami.
156
00:09:47,291 --> 00:09:50,322
P�sek nesen� v�trem
vym�l� m�k�� vrstvy...
157
00:09:50,472 --> 00:09:54,004
...a tvrd�� vrstvy
nech�v� neporu�en�.
158
00:09:54,505 --> 00:09:57,749
P��klad toho se nach�z� zde,
v hrobce Debehena,...
159
00:09:57,899 --> 00:10:01,483
...kter� je vytes�na v t�
sam� sk�le jako Sfinga.
160
00:10:02,806 --> 00:10:06,414
Kdysi hladk� ze� byla vystavena
pou�tn�m podm�nk�m...
161
00:10:06,564 --> 00:10:08,936
...v�ce ne� 4.000 let.
162
00:10:11,361 --> 00:10:15,211
Oproti tomu zv�tr�v�n� vlivem de�t�
vypad� �pln� jinak.
163
00:10:15,361 --> 00:10:20,263
Horniny zv�tral� de�t�m maj�
zaoblen� zvln�n� profil.
164
00:10:20,413 --> 00:10:24,118
To je naprosto jin� vzhled,
ne� ostr�, v�razn� profil...
165
00:10:24,268 --> 00:10:27,154
...vytvo�en� p�i
zv�tr�v�n� v�trem.
166
00:10:27,433 --> 00:10:30,280
Toto je klasick� u�ebnicov�
p��klad toho,...
167
00:10:30,430 --> 00:10:32,726
...co se stane s
v�pencovou st�nou,...
168
00:10:32,876 --> 00:10:35,765
...kdy� na ni
tis�ce let pr��.
169
00:10:37,329 --> 00:10:40,918
Tohle se nach�z� jen v jedn�
oblasti plo�iny G�za:
170
00:10:41,068 --> 00:10:45,275
...zde, na Sfinze a na st�n�ch
ohrani�uj�c�ch jej� pozemek.
171
00:10:45,546 --> 00:10:48,162
Tyto �lov�kem vytvo�en�
vertik�ln� st�ny...
172
00:10:48,312 --> 00:10:51,141
...byly vytes�ny ve stejn�
vrstv� skaln�ho podlo��...
173
00:10:51,291 --> 00:10:53,065
...a jsou od sebe
275 m daleko.
174
00:10:53,215 --> 00:10:56,865
Podle egyptolog� byly
vytes�ny ve stejnou dobu.
175
00:10:57,178 --> 00:11:01,480
Pokud by to tak bylo, nem�ly by
vykazovat stejn� vzor eroze?
176
00:11:01,630 --> 00:11:04,650
Dr. Lehner m� zcela
jin� vysv�tlen�.
177
00:11:04,800 --> 00:11:07,298
Dr. Schoch ��k�, �e
m�me stejnou vrstvu,...
178
00:11:07,448 --> 00:11:09,615
...kter� je tady na
Sfinze zv�tral�...
179
00:11:09,765 --> 00:11:12,263
...a tady na hrobce ze
Star�ho kr�lovstv� nen�.
180
00:11:12,264 --> 00:11:14,396
A je to vytes�no ve
stejn� vrstv�.
181
00:11:14,546 --> 00:11:17,440
A my s Dr. Gaurim,
kter� je geolog, ��k�me:
182
00:11:17,590 --> 00:11:20,842
Ne, toto jsou dv� r�zn� vrstvy
s r�zn�m stupn�m zv�tr�n�.
183
00:11:20,992 --> 00:11:23,078
K tomu to v�e
v podstat� sm��uje,...
184
00:11:23,228 --> 00:11:27,027
...krom� toho obrovsk�ho probl�mu,
kter� Dr. Schoch m�,...
185
00:11:27,177 --> 00:11:29,835
...s absenc� kulturn�ho
kontextu.
186
00:11:34,116 --> 00:11:36,126
Kdy� uva�ujeme
o vod� v Egypt�,...
187
00:11:36,276 --> 00:11:38,554
...automaticky n�s
napadne �eka Nil.
188
00:11:38,704 --> 00:11:43,105
Mohly Sfingu zerodovat
legend�rn� nilsk� z�plavy?
189
00:11:44,499 --> 00:11:48,754
To je p�kn� hypot�za, ale jen
ne� se podrobn� prozkoum�.
190
00:11:48,904 --> 00:11:52,521
Tady m�me sk�ly, jejich�
nejspodn�j�� ��sti...
191
00:11:52,671 --> 00:11:56,525
...jsou m�k�� ne� ty ustupuj�c�
��sti �pln� naho�e.
192
00:11:56,675 --> 00:12:00,147
Kdyby p�i�ly nilsk� z�plavy,
o�ek�vali byste,...
193
00:12:00,297 --> 00:12:04,290
...�e tyto m�kk� sk�ly budou
erodov�ny a ustoup� dozadu t�m,...
194
00:12:04,440 --> 00:12:09,126
...jak voda bude stoupat, ��m� by
m�la podeml�t ty sk�ly naho�e.
195
00:12:09,276 --> 00:12:11,365
A to zde fakticky
nevid�me.
196
00:12:11,515 --> 00:12:15,679
Naho�e vid�me mal� podemlet�
ve velmi m�kk� vrstv�,...
197
00:12:15,829 --> 00:12:20,703
...ale dal�� tvrd�� vrstva
nad n� ustupuje zp�t.
198
00:12:20,853 --> 00:12:24,192
Tak�e tuto erozi nezp�sobily
nilsk� z�plavy.
199
00:12:24,342 --> 00:12:29,242
Byly to jist� de��ov� sr�ky,
co vytvo�ilo tyto erozivn� prvky.
200
00:12:31,002 --> 00:12:33,612
Mysl�m, �e si mus�me
uv�domit jednu v�c,...
201
00:12:33,762 --> 00:12:38,271
...a to, �e sama Sfinga je ve 20. stolet�
ve velmi �patn�m stavu,...
202
00:12:38,421 --> 00:12:40,294
...kter� se velmi
rychle zhor�uje,...
203
00:12:40,444 --> 00:12:42,513
...t�m�� se m��ete p�ed
Sfingu postavit...
204
00:12:42,663 --> 00:12:45,287
...a sledovat, jak toho
z n� spousta odpad�v�.
205
00:12:45,437 --> 00:12:47,404
Smog, zne�i�t�n�,
kysel� de�t�,...
206
00:12:47,554 --> 00:12:51,284
...to v�e drasticky p�sob� a
zp�sobuje rychl� zv�tr�v�n�.
207
00:12:51,434 --> 00:12:53,917
A n�kte�� kritici
prohla�uj�,...
208
00:12:54,067 --> 00:12:57,609
...�e j� ve skute�nosti tyto
faktory neberu v �vahu,...
209
00:12:57,759 --> 00:12:59,704
...a �e kdy� pozoruji
zv�tr�n�,...
210
00:12:59,854 --> 00:13:03,102
...tak �e asi pozoruji jen n�sledky
modern�ho zv�tr�v�n�.
211
00:13:03,252 --> 00:13:06,725
Chci jen v�echny ujistit,
�e toto v �vahu beru.
212
00:13:06,875 --> 00:13:09,654
Ano, modern� zv�tr�v�n�
je z�va�n� probl�m,...
213
00:13:09,804 --> 00:13:13,457
...ale to zv�tr�n�, jak� j� pozoruji,
je prastar� zv�tr�n� -
214
00:13:13,607 --> 00:13:16,268
- to, je� vid�me pod
starov�k�mi opravami,...
215
00:13:16,418 --> 00:13:18,340
...a to je n�co
zcela jin�ho,...
216
00:13:18,490 --> 00:13:23,279
...je to �pln� jin� soubor d�kaz�
ne� modern� zv�tr�v�n�.
217
00:13:27,125 --> 00:13:30,256
Schoch si byl jist�, �e st�ny
ohrani�uj�c� Sfingu...
218
00:13:30,406 --> 00:13:34,255
...byly erodov�ny vodou
st�kaj�c� z plo�iny G�za.
219
00:13:34,405 --> 00:13:37,474
Jedin�m mo�n�m zdrojem
vody je d隝.
220
00:13:37,624 --> 00:13:40,974
Toto byl kl��ov� prvek
Schochova argumentu.
221
00:13:42,202 --> 00:13:44,726
Kdy zde ale pr�elo?
222
00:13:46,966 --> 00:13:50,606
Dr. John Kutzbach je profesorem
paleoklimatologie...
223
00:13:50,756 --> 00:13:53,014
...na univerzit� ve
Wisconsinu.
224
00:13:53,164 --> 00:13:57,825
Paleoklimatologie studuje
d�vnov�k� modely po�as�.
225
00:13:58,441 --> 00:14:02,789
Prvn� zp�sob, jak posuzujeme
a ur�ujeme klima minulosti,...
226
00:14:02,939 --> 00:14:05,031
...je zpracov�n�
pozorovan�ch �daj�.
227
00:14:05,181 --> 00:14:08,389
V severn� Africe je pozorov�no
mnoho skute�nost�...
228
00:14:08,539 --> 00:14:11,608
...sv�d��c�ch o tom, �e tato oblast
byla v minulosti pokryta jezery.
229
00:14:11,758 --> 00:14:15,461
Nyn� je to pou��, ale p�ed
10.000 lety...
230
00:14:15,611 --> 00:14:17,438
...byla v Saha�e
jezera.
231
00:14:17,588 --> 00:14:21,684
A potom m�me zcela jin� zp�sob,
jak ur�ovat klima v minulosti,...
232
00:14:21,834 --> 00:14:23,476
...a t�m jsou po��ta�ov�
modely.
233
00:14:23,626 --> 00:14:28,556
Jsme schopni vypo��tat, k jak�
zm�n� klimatu od t� doby do�lo...
234
00:14:28,706 --> 00:14:33,846
...a ��asn� je, �e jak ty geologick� d�kazy,
tak po��ta�ov� simulace...
235
00:14:33,996 --> 00:14:39,938
...potvrzuj�, �e p�ed 10.000 lety
byla Sahara vlh�� ne� dnes.
236
00:14:46,520 --> 00:14:51,291
Schoch a West c�tili, �e d�kaz
vodn� eroze je tak siln�,...
237
00:14:51,441 --> 00:14:56,410
...�e v t� oblasti mus� b�t i dal�� d�kazy
dokl�daj�c� star�� Sfingu.
238
00:14:56,631 --> 00:15:03,198
Zde m��ete vid�t to zvln�n�, zv�tr�n� --
-- sr�kami zp�soben� zv�tr�n�.
239
00:15:03,348 --> 00:15:07,822
A zde m��eme p�kn� vid�t, co jsou
r�zn� vymlet� sp�ry, a co ne.
240
00:15:07,972 --> 00:15:13,364
Tento stejn� typ vymlet�ch sp�r
nem��ete vid�t u zv�tr�n� v�trem.
241
00:15:19,879 --> 00:15:24,126
Stoj�m ve vertik�ln� �t�rbin� v
ji�n� st�n� ohrani�uj�c� Sfingu.
242
00:15:24,276 --> 00:15:27,447
Tato vertik�ln� �t�rbina
byla zcela jasn�...
243
00:15:27,597 --> 00:15:29,992
...vytvo�ena vodou
st�kaj�c� po st�n�,...
244
00:15:30,142 --> 00:15:33,452
...kter� si na�la slab�
m�sta ve sk�le...
245
00:15:33,602 --> 00:15:35,804
...a vymlela v nich
tyto �t�rbiny.
246
00:15:35,954 --> 00:15:38,614
Toto je pro mne jako
geologa jasn� d�kaz,...
247
00:15:38,764 --> 00:15:42,411
...�e tento erozivn� prvek,
kter� tu vid�me,...
248
00:15:42,561 --> 00:15:45,898
...byl zp�soben de�t�m
padaj�c�m na sk�ly.
249
00:15:46,048 --> 00:15:49,645
Zde je aktu�ln� fotografie
zadn� ��sti ohrani�en� Sfingy.
250
00:15:49,795 --> 00:15:53,170
Vid�te vlnit�, zvln�n�,
zv�tral� profil.
251
00:15:53,320 --> 00:15:57,288
Zde je sch�ma
toho sam�ho profilu.
252
00:15:57,438 --> 00:16:03,076
Vid�te tu sch�maticky
r�zn� vrstvy...
253
00:16:03,226 --> 00:16:07,891
...kter� jsou vid�t na fotografii a
je�t� l�pe jsou patrn�...
254
00:16:08,041 --> 00:16:10,643
...kdy� je prohl��te
p��mo v ter�nu.
255
00:16:10,793 --> 00:16:15,140
N�kter� z t�chto r�zn�ch
vrstev jsou tvrd��, jin� m�k��.
256
00:16:15,290 --> 00:16:21,983
Profesor Gauri vypo��tal pro
ka�dou vrstvu faktor odolnosti.
257
00:16:22,133 --> 00:16:28,225
A funguje to tak, �e ��m je vy��� ��slo
odolnosti, nap�. 86 oproti 11,...
258
00:16:28,375 --> 00:16:31,399
...t�m je ta konkr�tn�
sk�la odoln�j��.
259
00:16:31,549 --> 00:16:34,448
A vid�me tak�, �e
n�kter� z hornin,...
260
00:16:34,598 --> 00:16:37,166
...je� maj� velmi n�zk� faktor
odolnosti, nap�. 11,...
261
00:16:37,316 --> 00:16:40,829
...skute�n� ustupuj� zp�t a jsou
podemlet� v��i vrstv�m nad nimi.
262
00:16:40,979 --> 00:16:44,573
Tak�e 11 ustupuje
d�le ne� 56.
263
00:16:44,723 --> 00:16:47,273
V�imn�te si v�ak, �e
to tak nen� v�dy.
264
00:16:47,423 --> 00:16:51,589
N�kter� odoln�j�� horniny,
nap�. 76, 75, 86,...
265
00:16:51,739 --> 00:16:54,029
...ve skute�nosti
ustupuj� v�ce,...
266
00:16:54,179 --> 00:16:58,017
...ne� n�kter� m�n� odoln�
horniny, jako 42 �i 56.
267
00:16:58,167 --> 00:17:01,742
Pokud toto byl p�vodn� vertik�ln�,
�i t�m�� vertik�ln� profil,...
268
00:17:01,892 --> 00:17:05,859
...pro� tyto odoln�j��
vrstvy ustupuj� v�ce?
269
00:17:06,009 --> 00:17:11,175
Navrhoval bych, �e to souhlas�
se zv�tr�v�n�m vlivem sr�ek,...
270
00:17:11,325 --> 00:17:15,310
...kdy shora pad�
de��ov� voda,...
271
00:17:15,460 --> 00:17:18,852
...a horniny naho�e, p�esto�e
jsou odoln�j��,...
272
00:17:19,002 --> 00:17:23,173
...vlastn� zasahuje v�t�� n�por
de�t� a ony ustupuj� v�ce,...
273
00:17:23,323 --> 00:17:29,522
...ne� n�kter� m�n� odoln� horniny
le��c� n�e, je� jsou v�ce chr�n�n�.
274
00:17:32,966 --> 00:17:37,546
Jestli�e Sfingu po�kodil d隝
a d�kazy nasv�d�uj� tomu,...
275
00:17:37,696 --> 00:17:42,325
...�e oblast Sahary byla p�ed
9 a� 10 tis�ci lety mnohem vlh��,...
276
00:17:42,475 --> 00:17:45,712
...pak mus� b�t Sfinga
star�� ne� 9.000 let.
277
00:17:45,862 --> 00:17:49,098
To je 2x v�ce, ne�
n�m ��k� d�jepis.
278
00:17:50,371 --> 00:17:52,996
Pro� si toho nev�iml
n�kdo d��ve?
279
00:17:53,146 --> 00:17:56,960
Kdy� byla roku 1838 nalezena
prvn� dinosau�� kost,...
280
00:17:57,110 --> 00:18:00,880
...nikdo netu�il, co to je.
Nebylo ji kam za�adit.
281
00:18:01,030 --> 00:18:03,590
Tenkr�t o dinosaurech
je�t� nikdo nesly�el.
282
00:18:03,740 --> 00:18:07,079
A� kdy� byly na cel�m sv�t�
nach�zeny dal�� kosti,...
283
00:18:07,229 --> 00:18:09,929
...v�dci si je dali
dohromady.
284
00:18:12,026 --> 00:18:15,530
Schoch a West nyn� byli p�ipraveni
svou teorii otestovat.
285
00:18:15,680 --> 00:18:18,612
P�edlo�ili sv� zji�t�n�
na v�ro�n� konferenci...
286
00:18:18,762 --> 00:18:21,024
...Americk� geologick�
spole�nosti.
287
00:18:21,174 --> 00:18:24,660
Jeden okam�ik n�
projekt opravdu rozh�bal.
288
00:18:24,810 --> 00:18:28,471
Byl to moment, kdy jsme
s Schochem byli pozv�ni...
289
00:18:28,621 --> 00:18:31,940
...na sjezd Americk�
geologick� spole�nosti.
290
00:18:32,090 --> 00:18:34,515
P�edlo�ili jsme jim
shrnut� na�� teorie.
291
00:18:34,665 --> 00:18:38,331
Schoch si byl tentokr�t ji�
zcela jist�, �e je teorie validn�.
292
00:18:38,481 --> 00:18:42,133
Je to v�choz� f�rum pro vyjad�ov�n�
nov�ch my�lenek v geologii...
293
00:18:42,283 --> 00:18:45,869
...a geologov� zcela �estn�
�lov�ka pohotov� sest�el�,...
294
00:18:46,019 --> 00:18:50,087
...pokud v prezentovan� teorii
�i my�lence najdou chybu.
295
00:18:50,237 --> 00:18:53,651
K m� velk� radosti nikdo
neupozornil na ��dn� chyby,...
296
00:18:53,801 --> 00:18:58,699
...a vlastn� shledali na�e d�kazy
docela zaj�mav�mi i p�esv�d�iv�mi.
297
00:18:58,849 --> 00:19:00,832
Dr. Schoch je
p��li� skromn�.
298
00:19:00,982 --> 00:19:05,837
Na z�klad� jeho prezentace
mu 275 z��astn�n�ch geolog�...
299
00:19:05,987 --> 00:19:07,955
...nab�dlo pomoc
s jeho projektem.
300
00:19:08,105 --> 00:19:12,432
Debata p�erostla v boj mezi dv�ma
nesp��zn�n�mi v�deck�mi obory:
301
00:19:12,582 --> 00:19:14,866
...geologi� a egyptologi�.
302
00:19:15,439 --> 00:19:18,333
"Zu�� diskuse o st��� Sfingy"
Los Angeles Time
303
00:19:18,773 --> 00:19:21,191
"V�dci z�pas� o st��� egyptsk� Sfingy"
New York Times
304
00:19:21,641 --> 00:19:24,203
"Sfinga m��e b�t star��, ne� vypad�"
The Atlanta Journal
305
00:19:24,737 --> 00:19:27,473
"V�dci se p�ou o st��� egyptsk� Sfingy"
Associated Press
306
00:19:27,809 --> 00:19:32,407
P�esnost� na�� rekonstrukce
egyptsk� civilizace...
307
00:19:32,557 --> 00:19:35,223
...jsme si pom�rn� jist�.
308
00:19:35,373 --> 00:19:38,854
Nebo� kdybychom p�ijali
ten alternativn� n�zor,...
309
00:19:39,004 --> 00:19:41,409
...uva�te, co je
kamenem �razu.
310
00:19:41,559 --> 00:19:46,259
M�me n�jakou
p�edpotopn� civilizaci...
311
00:19:46,409 --> 00:19:49,791
...se v�emi ozdobami pozd�j��
fara�nsk� civilizace,...
312
00:19:49,941 --> 00:19:54,308
...jako je Sfinga s charakteristickou
egyptskou pokr�vkou hlavy,...
313
00:19:54,308 --> 00:19:57,438
...s charakteristick�m vyu�it�m
lva coby masky kr�le,...
314
00:19:57,588 --> 00:19:59,358
...a pak nen�
nic.
315
00:19:59,508 --> 00:20:02,862
Nen� nic jak dlouho:
1.000 let? 2.000 let?
316
00:20:03,012 --> 00:20:05,423
A pak se to
rozjede znovu.
317
00:20:05,573 --> 00:20:07,398
Kde je propojen�?
318
00:20:07,548 --> 00:20:10,491
Co spojuje tuto
p�edpotopn� kulturu...
319
00:20:10,641 --> 00:20:12,452
...s t�m, co p�i�lo
pozd�ji?
320
00:20:12,602 --> 00:20:15,631
Tvrd�te, �e se na
stejn�m m�st�...
321
00:20:15,781 --> 00:20:19,367
...vyvinuly dv� zcela
paraleln� kultury...
322
00:20:19,517 --> 00:20:21,335
...3, 4, 5 tis�c let
od sebe?
323
00:20:21,485 --> 00:20:23,624
To je jako d�l ze
Star Treku.
324
00:20:23,774 --> 00:20:25,994
Takhle to prost�
nefunguje.
325
00:20:26,144 --> 00:20:29,418
Kultura se vyv�j�
line�rn�.
326
00:20:29,568 --> 00:20:32,999
P�ijet� va�� teorie
znamen�,...
327
00:20:33,149 --> 00:20:39,030
...�e m�te kulturu A,
kulturu B,...
328
00:20:39,180 --> 00:20:41,873
...a mezi
nimi nic.
329
00:20:42,023 --> 00:20:44,072
A takhle to prost�
nefunguje.
330
00:20:44,222 --> 00:20:48,688
V s�zce je vlastn� dopad,
jak� to m�...
331
00:20:48,838 --> 00:20:51,751
...na uzn�van� n�zory
o v�voji civilizace.
332
00:20:51,901 --> 00:20:53,310
Mysl�me si -
333
00:20:53,460 --> 00:20:57,146
- a je to jak�si vedlej�� produkt
Darwinovy evolu�n� teorie -
334
00:20:57,296 --> 00:21:00,183
...�e v�voj �lov�ka
je line�rn� proces,...
335
00:21:00,333 --> 00:21:03,164
...kter� jde od hloup�ch
lid� v jeskyn�ch...
336
00:21:03,314 --> 00:21:07,539
...a� k n�m, chytr�m, vysp�l�m,
s vod�kov�mi bombami a zubn� pastou.
337
00:21:07,689 --> 00:21:11,171
D�kaz, �e Sfinga je o
spoustu let star��,...
338
00:21:11,321 --> 00:21:17,247
...�e p�edch�z� o mnoho tis�c let
dokonce i dynastick� Egypt,...
339
00:21:17,397 --> 00:21:21,895
...a kdy� se zv�� a vy�et�� zp�sob,
jak�m je Sfinga vytes�na,...
340
00:21:22,045 --> 00:21:25,790
...a ta neuv��iteln� velikost kv�dr�
v chr�mu vedle n�,...
341
00:21:25,940 --> 00:21:28,429
...kdy� toto zv��te,
tak pochop�te,...
342
00:21:28,579 --> 00:21:33,275
...�e v n�jak� vzd�len� minulosti
- jak potvrzuj� legendy -
343
00:21:33,425 --> 00:21:36,734
...existovaly n�jak�
vysp�l� civilizace.
344
00:21:36,884 --> 00:21:41,239
A tohle je tedy z�kladn� p���inou
toho obrovsk�ho odporu,...
345
00:21:41,389 --> 00:21:43,730
...kter� tato my�lenka
vyvol�v�.
346
00:21:44,887 --> 00:21:46,355
-- v�dci se p�ou o st��� --
347
00:21:46,655 --> 00:21:47,894
-- geologov� se dohaduj� o st��� --
348
00:21:48,044 --> 00:21:49,197
-- Sfinga vyvol�v� bitvu --
349
00:21:49,347 --> 00:21:51,046
-- pou�tn� bou�e --
350
00:21:51,346 --> 00:21:53,950
-- experti se h�daj� --
351
00:21:54,394 --> 00:21:59,136
Bou�liv� spor v tisku p��mo
vy�stil v pozv�n� obou stran,...
352
00:21:59,286 --> 00:22:03,006
...aby ot�zku skute�n�ho st���
Sfingy prodiskutovaly.
353
00:22:03,156 --> 00:22:06,976
Debata prob�hala na nejpresti�n�j��m
americk�m v�deck�m f�ru,...
354
00:22:07,126 --> 00:22:11,332
...na v�ro�n�m setk�n� Americk�
asociace pro pokrok ve v�d�.
355
00:22:11,482 --> 00:22:15,017
Egyptologick� pohled prezentoval
Dr. Mark Lehner,...
356
00:22:15,167 --> 00:22:18,630
...pova�ovan� za nejv�t��ho
znalce Sfingy na sv�t�.
357
00:22:18,780 --> 00:22:21,611
Westovu teorii prezentoval
Dr. Robert Schoch,...
358
00:22:21,761 --> 00:22:24,665
...zat�mco to West
sledoval z publika.
359
00:22:24,815 --> 00:22:27,912
Spisovatel Paul Roberts,
kter� debatu monitoroval...
360
00:22:28,062 --> 00:22:30,084
...pro p�edn� kanadsk�
v�zkumn� �asopis,...
361
00:22:30,234 --> 00:22:32,669
...m�l n�sleduj�c�
koment��e.
362
00:22:32,869 --> 00:22:35,900
West je opravdu nejhor��
no�n� m�rou akademik�,...
363
00:22:36,050 --> 00:22:39,158
...nebo� tu p�ich�z� n�kdo
znal� oboru s n���m,...
364
00:22:39,308 --> 00:22:43,337
...co je d�kladn� promy�leno,
dob�e prezentov�no...
365
00:22:43,487 --> 00:22:48,527
...logicky vysv�tleno,
skv�le naps�no...
366
00:22:48,677 --> 00:22:51,341
...pln� dat, je� nemohou
vyvr�tit,...
367
00:22:51,491 --> 00:22:54,721
...a bere jim to
p�du pod nohama.
368
00:22:54,871 --> 00:22:58,126
Jak se s t�m tedy
vypo��daj�? Ignoruj� to.
369
00:22:58,276 --> 00:23:01,185
Doufaj�, �e to
p�ejde.
370
00:23:01,485 --> 00:23:03,712
A ono to
nep�ejde.
371
00:23:03,862 --> 00:23:07,458
M�m dojem, �e kdyby
Johna Westa pustili na p�dium...
372
00:23:07,608 --> 00:23:10,367
...a nebr�nili mu ve vystoupen�
kv�li tomu,...
373
00:23:10,517 --> 00:23:13,274
...�e nem� za sv�m
jm�nem tituly,...
374
00:23:13,424 --> 00:23:16,682
...tak by utrp�li je�t�
v�ce zni�uj�c� �tok.
375
00:23:16,832 --> 00:23:20,880
A byli by se je�t�
m�n� schopn� br�nit.
376
00:23:21,030 --> 00:23:24,618
Stejn� jako kdy� nedok�zali reagovat
na to, co �ekl Dr. Schoch.
377
00:23:24,768 --> 00:23:27,399
M� reakce jako
ne-geologa byla,...
378
00:23:27,549 --> 00:23:30,867
...�e jsem �ekal, �e uvid�m
n�jak� nekompromisn� data,...
379
00:23:31,017 --> 00:23:34,281
...�e zv�tr�n� Sfingy je
skute�n� zp�soben� vodou.
380
00:23:34,431 --> 00:23:38,582
Zp�soben� periodami --
-- de�t�m, kter� by ji m�l datovat...
381
00:23:38,732 --> 00:23:40,655
...do doby, kdy tam
hodn� pr�elo.
382
00:23:40,805 --> 00:23:42,260
Nevid�l jsem
d�kazy.
383
00:23:42,410 --> 00:23:46,382
Ano, vid�l jsem mnoho sn�mk�
drasticky zvln�n�ho profilu,...
384
00:23:46,532 --> 00:23:48,415
...toho ohrani�en�
Sfingy,...
385
00:23:48,565 --> 00:23:51,608
...kde v�t�inou v z�b�ru
st�li r�zn� lid�,...
386
00:23:51,758 --> 00:23:53,758
...ale nevid�l jsem
��dn� data,...
387
00:23:53,908 --> 00:23:57,229
...kter� by m� p�esv�d�ila,
�e je to vodn� zv�tr�n�.
388
00:23:57,379 --> 00:24:00,217
M� reakce je: pokud to
bylo postaven�...
389
00:24:00,367 --> 00:24:03,081
...civilizac� �i kulturou,
kter� je o tolik star��,...
390
00:24:03,231 --> 00:24:05,635
...kde jsou dal��
d�kazy t�to kultury?
391
00:24:05,785 --> 00:24:09,014
Uka�te mi �lomky hrnc�,
hrobku, n�pisy...
392
00:24:09,164 --> 00:24:12,603
...uka�te mi jakoukoli jinou sochu,
n�jak� jin� nalezi�t�,...
393
00:24:12,753 --> 00:24:14,841
...datovan� do
tohoto obdob�.
394
00:24:14,991 --> 00:24:17,132
Pt�t se, kde je
zbytek d�kaz�,...
395
00:24:17,282 --> 00:24:18,842
...jak to d�l� spousta
egyptolog�,...
396
00:24:18,992 --> 00:24:21,793
...je jako ��kat Magellanovi,
�e Zem� je stejn� placka,...
397
00:24:21,943 --> 00:24:24,833
...proto�e kde jsou jinak ti chlapi,
kte�� vypluli kolem n�.
398
00:24:24,983 --> 00:24:26,801
To je zcela
irelevantn�.
399
00:24:26,951 --> 00:24:33,188
J� si v�ak uv�domuji, �e je-li
Sfinga star��ho data,...
400
00:24:33,338 --> 00:24:37,335
...dalo by se �ekat, �e
by tu m�lo b�t n�co dal��ho,...
401
00:24:37,485 --> 00:24:40,487
...zat�mco - poch�z�-li z
tak star� doby,...
402
00:24:40,637 --> 00:24:43,444
...�e prakticky v�e ji� bylo
zaneseno nebo p�ekryto,...
403
00:24:43,594 --> 00:24:46,182
...nebo je to te� na dn� nyn�j��ho
St�edozemn�ho mo�e,...
404
00:24:46,332 --> 00:24:49,904
- pak v�s napadne, �e to asi budete
muset hledat velmi t�ce,...
405
00:24:50,054 --> 00:24:52,704
...a mo�n� nav�c budete
muset hledat tam,...
406
00:24:52,854 --> 00:24:54,373
...kde je�t� nikdo
nehledal.
407
00:24:54,523 --> 00:24:57,225
Jedn�m z takov�ch
m�st pro hled�n�...
408
00:24:57,375 --> 00:24:59,948
...je podle m� �dol�
star�ho Nilu.
409
00:25:00,098 --> 00:25:04,026
Starobyl� Nil netekl p�esn�
tudy, kudy te�e dnes.
410
00:25:04,176 --> 00:25:06,713
A v�ude, kde
tekl star� Nil,...
411
00:25:06,863 --> 00:25:09,150
...by se dalo pracovat s na��m
seizmick�m vybaven�m,...
412
00:25:09,300 --> 00:25:12,302
...zda nem��eme hluboko pod
sou�asn�mi n�nosy...
413
00:25:12,452 --> 00:25:14,802
...naj�t zbytky
n�jak� civilizace...
414
00:25:14,952 --> 00:25:18,030
...schopn� vytvo�it n�co
takov�ho, jako je Sfinga.
415
00:25:19,119 --> 00:25:21,676
Toto je Osirion, domn�le
postaven�...
416
00:25:21,826 --> 00:25:24,513
...za Nov�ho kr�lovstv�
p�ed 4.400 lety.
417
00:25:24,663 --> 00:25:26,603
Schoch s Westem
na�li d�kaz,...
418
00:25:26,753 --> 00:25:30,506
...kter� na toto konven�n� datov�n�
vrh� z�va�n� pochyby.
419
00:25:30,806 --> 00:25:33,810
Podlaha tohoto chr�mu
je dobr�ch 15 metr�...
420
00:25:33,960 --> 00:25:37,417
...pod podlahou
chr�mu Seti I.
421
00:25:37,567 --> 00:25:41,315
Z geologick�ho pohledu
to m��e m�t jin� vysv�tlen�.
422
00:25:41,465 --> 00:25:45,000
Mysl�m, �e je mo�n�, �e tento
chr�m je nesm�rn� star�.
423
00:25:45,150 --> 00:25:48,942
Byl postaven na povrchu,
a pak b�hem tis�c� let...
424
00:25:49,092 --> 00:25:52,483
...dovnit� nilsk� z�plavy
zan�ely p�sek a bahno,...
425
00:25:52,633 --> 00:25:57,325
...co� chr�m zaplnilo a
nakonec zcela zakrylo.
426
00:25:58,729 --> 00:26:02,653
Mysl�me si, �e tato ��asn� stavba
m��e souviset s prac� na Sfinze.
427
00:26:02,803 --> 00:26:07,951
Tradi�n� je p�ipisov�na fara�novi
Seti I. kolem r. 300 p�. Kr.,...
428
00:26:08,101 --> 00:26:11,150
...ale fakticky pro to
nen� ��dn� d�kaz.
429
00:26:11,300 --> 00:26:15,189
Mysl�me si, �e je star�� -
mo�n� o tis�ce let.
430
00:26:16,425 --> 00:26:19,523
Osirion vypad�, jako by byl
postaven v hlubok� j�m�...
431
00:26:19,673 --> 00:26:21,939
...vykopan� do
skaln�ho podlo��.
432
00:26:22,089 --> 00:26:26,596
To je nemysliteln� odchylka od b�n�
egyptsk� chr�mov� stavebn� praxe.
433
00:26:27,864 --> 00:26:31,605
Tento architektonick� styl nen�
podobn� ni�emu dal��mu v Egypt�,...
434
00:26:31,755 --> 00:26:34,797
...a� na �doln� chr�m
Sfingy v G�ze.
435
00:26:36,530 --> 00:26:39,593
M��eme zde vid�t stejnou
masivn� jednoduchost,...
436
00:26:39,743 --> 00:26:44,140
...mohutn� hranat� pil��e z granitu
bez jak�chkoli n�pis� �i rytin,...
437
00:26:44,290 --> 00:26:48,607
...a to v�e vyvol�v� na prvn� pohled
velmi podobn� dojem.
438
00:26:48,757 --> 00:26:51,166
Mohlo by to b�t
dal��m d�kazem...
439
00:26:51,316 --> 00:26:54,214
...t�e kultury, kter�
postavila Sfingu?
440
00:27:14,454 --> 00:27:17,932
Stup�ov� pyramida v Saqqaru
m� �dajn� b�t star��,...
441
00:27:18,082 --> 00:27:21,210
...ne� Sfinga a velk�
pyramidy v G�ze.
442
00:27:23,419 --> 00:27:26,325
Stejn� jako kameny
na plo�in� G�za...
443
00:27:26,475 --> 00:27:29,628
...vypr�v�j� i hlin�n� cihly
v Saqqaru sv�j p��b�h.
444
00:27:29,778 --> 00:27:33,237
Toto jsou hrobky z hlin�n�ch cihel
nejstar��ch egyptsk�ch kr�l�...
445
00:27:33,387 --> 00:27:36,238
...I. a II. dynastie kolem
roku 3.000 p�. Kr.,...
446
00:27:36,388 --> 00:27:38,957
...tj. 500 let p�ed
�asem Chefr�na.
447
00:27:39,107 --> 00:27:41,372
V�penec, z n�ho� je
vytes�na Sfinga,...
448
00:27:41,522 --> 00:27:44,965
...je za v�ech okolnost� tvrd��
ne� tyto hlin�n� cihly.
449
00:27:45,115 --> 00:27:49,023
Geologov� souhlas�: zv�tr�n� Sfingy
je zp�sobeno de��ovou vodou...
450
00:27:49,173 --> 00:27:51,190
...za dlouh� �asov�
obdob�.
451
00:27:51,340 --> 00:27:53,736
Proto�e jsme pouze
16 km od G�zy,...
452
00:27:53,886 --> 00:27:58,030
...m��eme p�edpokl�dat, �e pov�trnostn�
podm�nky jsou stejn�.
453
00:28:02,095 --> 00:28:04,452
Tyto zdi z hlin�n�ch
cihel...
454
00:28:04,602 --> 00:28:07,889
...jsou po t�ch tis�cilet�ch
v relativn� dobr�m stavu.
455
00:28:08,039 --> 00:28:11,287
Kdyby byly vystaveny stejn�m
de���m, kter� erodovaly Sfingu,...
456
00:28:11,437 --> 00:28:13,022
...ji� d�vno by
se rozpustily.
457
00:28:13,172 --> 00:28:16,338
Jak je mo�n�, �e tyto hrobky
z hlin�n�ch cihel,...
458
00:28:16,488 --> 00:28:21,231
...a v�pencov� Sfinga s erozn�mi r�hami
hlubok�mi a� 1 m v jej�ch stran�ch,...
459
00:28:21,381 --> 00:28:24,146
...poch�zej� ze
stejn�ho obdob�?
460
00:28:31,065 --> 00:28:34,310
Kdy� byla roku 1860
po��zena tato fotografie,...
461
00:28:34,460 --> 00:28:36,386
...nebylo lv�
t�lo vid�t.
462
00:28:36,536 --> 00:28:39,117
Kdyby hlava Sfingy
nevy�n�vala nad p�sek,...
463
00:28:39,267 --> 00:28:42,276
...nebyla by mo�n�
dodnes objevena.
464
00:28:44,904 --> 00:28:47,686
Archeologick� vykop�vky
jsou n�kladn�...
465
00:28:47,836 --> 00:28:52,169
...a z�skat v Egypt� povolen�
ke kop�n� je obt�n�.
466
00:28:52,664 --> 00:28:54,972
Jak by se West se
sv�m t�mem...
467
00:28:55,122 --> 00:28:58,543
...mohl pod�vat pod p�sek,
ani� by kopal?
468
00:29:00,357 --> 00:29:04,405
Seizmograf je p�ipojen k naslouchac�m
za��zen�m jm�nem geofony,...
469
00:29:04,555 --> 00:29:08,057
...kter� jsou polo�en� na zemi
v p�esn�ch intervalech.
470
00:29:08,207 --> 00:29:11,028
T�k�m kladivem se ude��
do kovov� desky,...
471
00:29:11,178 --> 00:29:13,599
...co� vys�l� hluboko do zem�
n�razov� vlny.
472
00:29:13,749 --> 00:29:17,930
Tyto n�razov� vlny se odr�ej�
od horninn�ch vrstev o r�zn� hustot�,...
473
00:29:18,080 --> 00:29:21,911
...pot� jsou zachyceny geofony,
a pak nahr�ny seizmografem.
474
00:29:22,061 --> 00:29:27,796
V�sledkem je grafick� zn�zorn�n�
toho, co le�� skryt� pod povrchem.
475
00:29:28,829 --> 00:29:32,864
Dr. Thomas Dobecki je profesorem
na d�ln� �kole v Coloradu...
476
00:29:33,014 --> 00:29:36,494
...a dlouho pracoval v
nafta�sk�m pr�myslu.
477
00:29:37,238 --> 00:29:41,384
Je profesion�ln�m pr�myslov�m
geologem a geofyzikem.
478
00:29:41,915 --> 00:29:45,636
Jeho specializac� je seizmografie
s vysok�m rozli�en�m.
479
00:29:45,786 --> 00:29:50,921
P�vodn� bylo hlavn�m c�lem na�eho
seizmick�ho v�zkumu kolem Sfingy...
480
00:29:51,071 --> 00:29:55,536
...nalezen� zasypan�ch d�kaz�
o starobyl�ch civilizac�ch.
481
00:29:55,686 --> 00:29:59,117
Co se toho t��e, nalezli jsme
v pozemku Sfingy...
482
00:29:59,267 --> 00:30:02,625
...neobvykl� dutiny, kter�
mohou b�t komorami.
483
00:30:02,775 --> 00:30:09,078
Av�ak krom� toho jsme tak� zmapovali
sch�ma hloubky zv�tr�n� uvnit� v�pence.
484
00:30:15,617 --> 00:30:18,793
Tento kamenn� povrch mo�n�
vypad� tvrd� jako sk�la,...
485
00:30:18,943 --> 00:30:23,292
...ale z geologick�ho pohledu je ve
skute�nosti velmi m�kk� a por�zn�.
486
00:30:23,442 --> 00:30:26,912
Od t� doby, co byl vytes�n,
zv�tr�v� pod povrchem.
487
00:30:27,062 --> 00:30:29,983
Kdy� je sk�la opracov�na,
za�ne zv�tr�vat...
488
00:30:30,133 --> 00:30:33,407
...a m�ra zv�tr�n�, hloubka
zv�tr�n� pod povrchem...
489
00:30:33,557 --> 00:30:37,835
...�zce souvis� s t�m, jak dlouho
je sk�la vystavena �ivl�m.
490
00:30:40,308 --> 00:30:44,682
Ch�tr�n�m, neboli tzv.
zv�tr�v�n�m sk�la m�kne,...
491
00:30:44,832 --> 00:30:48,619
...��ste�n� se rozpad�,
st�v� se mnohem k�eh��.
492
00:30:48,769 --> 00:30:53,062
A to, jak hluboko zv�tr�n�
sah� do kamenn� hmoty...
493
00:30:53,212 --> 00:30:57,838
...hodn� z�vis� na typu sk�ly,
ale velmi d�le�it� tak� je,...
494
00:30:57,988 --> 00:31:00,190
...jak dlouho je vystavena
pov�trnostn�m vliv�m.
495
00:31:00,340 --> 00:31:03,666
Seizmick� refrakce n�m
umo��uje mapovat hranici...
496
00:31:03,816 --> 00:31:09,856
...mezi touto k�ehkou zv�tralou sk�lou
a velmi tvrd�m v�pencem pod n�.
497
00:31:10,380 --> 00:31:15,506
Zjistili jsme, �e na severn�
stran� kolem t�la Sfingy,...
498
00:31:15,656 --> 00:31:18,974
...na ji�n� stran� Sfingy a
p�ed tlapami...
499
00:31:19,124 --> 00:31:27,735
...je sk�la zv�tral� od povrchu do hloubky
v pr�m�ru 2 a� 2,5 m, a m�sty trochu v�c.
500
00:31:27,885 --> 00:31:32,535
Hovo��me o zv�tral� oblasti
dlouh� asi 20 metr�.
501
00:31:32,685 --> 00:31:39,686
Av�ak za zadn� ��st� Sfingy jde
zv�tr�n� jen do hloubky 1,2 m,...
502
00:31:39,836 --> 00:31:44,002
...mo�n� m�sty a� 1,5 m,
co� je o 4 stopy v�ce.
503
00:31:44,152 --> 00:31:48,553
Toto zcela jasn� dokazuje,
�e zadek byl vytes�n pozd�ji.
504
00:31:48,703 --> 00:31:52,226
Domn�v�m se, �e to je
dobr� d�vod myslet si,...
505
00:31:52,376 --> 00:32:00,173
...�e zadn� ��st byla vytes�na v dob�
Chefr�na kolem roku 2.500 p�. Kr.
506
00:32:00,623 --> 00:32:04,978
Jestli�e dal�� t�i strany vykazuj�
zv�tr�n� o 50 a� 100% hlub��,...
507
00:32:05,128 --> 00:32:08,988
...p�edpokl�dal bych, �e to
znamen�, �e dal�� t�i strany...
508
00:32:09,138 --> 00:32:13,496
...byly vystaveny �ivl�m neboli
vytes�ny o 50 a� 100% d��ve.
509
00:32:13,646 --> 00:32:18,142
Jednodu�e �e�eno, podlaha vzadu
zv�trala jen do hloubky 4 stop,...
510
00:32:18,292 --> 00:32:20,532
...zat�mco vp�edu
do hloubky 8 stop.
511
00:32:20,682 --> 00:32:24,633
To nazna�uje, �e p�edek Sfingy
je 2x star�� ne� zadek.
512
00:32:24,783 --> 00:32:28,043
Za p�edpokladu, �e Chefr�n
odkryl zadn� ��st,...
513
00:32:28,193 --> 00:32:31,383
...aby p�ed 2.500 lety
provedl sv� opravy,...
514
00:32:31,533 --> 00:32:34,937
...p�edek musel b�t vytes�n
nejm�n� p�ed 7.000 lety,...
515
00:32:35,087 --> 00:32:38,000
...a mo�n� i p�ed v�ce
ne� 9.000 lety.
516
00:32:55,205 --> 00:32:57,741
Jak star� je Sfinga?
517
00:32:57,891 --> 00:33:02,011
Egyptologov� tvrd�, �e Sfingu
nechal vytesat fara�n Chefr�n,...
518
00:33:02,161 --> 00:33:05,228
...jako svou vlastn� podobiznu
p�ed 4.500 lety.
519
00:33:05,378 --> 00:33:09,433
V�ichni egyptologov�, a zvl�t�
ka�d�, kdo studoval Sfingu,...
520
00:33:09,583 --> 00:33:12,729
...a v�echny archeologick�
d�kazy, kter� m�me,...
521
00:33:12,879 --> 00:33:17,616
...datuj� Sfingu zp�t do
doby p�ed 4.500 lety,...
522
00:33:17,766 --> 00:33:22,178
...co� je doba Chefr�na, stavitele
druh� pyramidy v G�ze.
523
00:33:22,328 --> 00:33:24,493
M�j kolega
Mark Lehner,...
524
00:33:24,643 --> 00:33:28,369
...zkusil vytvo�it i po��ta�ov�
model Sfingy,...
525
00:33:28,519 --> 00:33:32,951
...a pomoc� sochy, kter� je nyn� v
Muzeu um�n� v Bostonu,...
526
00:33:33,101 --> 00:33:36,901
...d�ky po��ta�i zjistil, �e
sou�asn� tv�� Sfingy,...
527
00:33:37,051 --> 00:33:39,800
...vypad� p�esn�
jako Chefr�n.
528
00:33:40,582 --> 00:33:43,274
�l�nek v �asopise
National Geografic...
529
00:33:43,424 --> 00:33:46,835
...zve�ejnil po��ta�ovou mont�
Sfingy s Chefr�novou tv���.
530
00:33:46,985 --> 00:33:51,759
Podle Dr. Marka Lehnera
Sfinga s Chefr�novou tv��� o�ila.
531
00:33:52,061 --> 00:33:53,964
Hm, o�ila.
532
00:33:54,114 --> 00:33:55,489
Snad.
533
00:33:55,639 --> 00:33:59,711
Ale p�ipom�n� v�bec tv�� Sfingy
fara�na Chefr�na?
534
00:33:59,861 --> 00:34:02,610
Tradi�n� n�zor
��k�, �e ano.
535
00:34:02,760 --> 00:34:06,288
Johnu Westovi v�ak
tato odpov�� nesta�ila.
536
00:34:08,003 --> 00:34:10,999
Rozhodl se to zkonzultovat
s expertem -
537
00:34:11,149 --> 00:34:13,903
- s n�k�m, kdo s tv��emi
pracuje denn�.
538
00:34:14,053 --> 00:34:16,344
Newyorsk� detektiv
Frank Domingo...
539
00:34:16,494 --> 00:34:19,750
...je jedn�m z p�edn�ch
americk�ch soudn�ch znalc�.
540
00:34:19,751 --> 00:34:22,705
B�hem 26 let drsn�
policejn� praxe...
541
00:34:22,855 --> 00:34:27,106
...napsal p��ru�ku o postupech a
technik�ch identifikace tv��e,...
542
00:34:27,256 --> 00:34:31,599
...kterou dnes pou��vaj� policejn�
vy�et�ovatel� v cel�ch USA.
543
00:34:33,749 --> 00:34:37,588
M��e-li n�kdo ��ci,
zda Sfinga je Chefr�n,...
544
00:34:37,738 --> 00:34:40,690
...tak je to detektiv
Frank Domingo.
545
00:34:52,353 --> 00:34:55,566
Tv��e, kter� jsem v Egypt�
vid�l, jsou n�dhern�.
546
00:34:55,716 --> 00:34:59,273
Je to nes�etn� �ada
r�zn�ch rasov�ch typ�...
547
00:34:59,423 --> 00:35:02,198
...a r�zn�ch
rys� tv��e.
548
00:35:02,348 --> 00:35:05,238
A v t�chto rysech
jsem vid�l prvky,...
549
00:35:05,388 --> 00:35:10,143
...kter� jsem pozoroval u soch
ze starov�k�ho Egypta.
550
00:35:12,588 --> 00:35:16,096
K�hirsk� muzeum bylo
zalo�eno roku 1902.
551
00:35:16,246 --> 00:35:19,793
M� nejv�t�� sb�rku egyptsk�ho
um�n� na sv�t�.
552
00:35:19,943 --> 00:35:23,212
Sochy ve zdej�� m�stnosti
pro Star� kr�lovstv�...
553
00:35:23,362 --> 00:35:27,551
...demonstruj� zru�nost, s n� d�vn�
socha�i zobrazovali p�edlohu.
554
00:35:27,701 --> 00:35:31,224
O�i t�to skvostn� d�ev�n�
sochy �ejka el Beleda...
555
00:35:31,374 --> 00:35:33,682
...jako by v�s
pozorovaly.
556
00:35:33,832 --> 00:35:37,822
Um�lci ve Star�m kr�lovstv�
dokonce pou��vali r�zn� krystaly,...
557
00:35:37,972 --> 00:35:41,241
...aby napodobili odraz
v lidsk�m oku.
558
00:35:44,350 --> 00:35:47,710
Detektiv Domingo a t�mov�
fotografka Caroline Davies...
559
00:35:47,860 --> 00:35:52,902
...za�li onu kontroverzn� sochu
fara�na Chefr�na vyfotit a zm��it.
560
00:35:53,052 --> 00:35:56,070
Caroline standardn�m
policejn�m postupem...
561
00:35:56,220 --> 00:35:59,560
...vyfotografovala bo�n� a �eln�
pohledy v �rovni o�� sochy.
562
00:35:59,710 --> 00:36:03,510
Tyto policejn� z�b�ry byly porovn�ny
s podobn�mi pohledy na Sfingu.
563
00:36:03,660 --> 00:36:09,386
Nav�c byly zaznamen�ny p�esn� rozm�ry
rys� tv��e a �hly jej�ch proporc�.
564
00:36:09,836 --> 00:36:14,118
Pokud tv�� Sfingy m�la zobrazovat
obli�ej fara�na Chefr�na,...
565
00:36:14,268 --> 00:36:18,024
...m�la by b�t podobn� so�e
v k�hirsk�m muzeu.
566
00:36:18,344 --> 00:36:22,223
Jednou z �ast�ch ot�zek
na egyptsk� um�n� je:
567
00:36:22,373 --> 00:36:27,706
"Jak je realistick�? Jak p�esn�
zobrazuje t�lesn� rysy p�edlohy?"
568
00:36:27,856 --> 00:36:31,441
�asto sly��me, �e je egyptsk�
um�n� ryze symetrick�.
569
00:36:31,591 --> 00:36:34,689
�e kdy� nakresl�te svislou
p��mku nosem sochy,...
570
00:36:34,839 --> 00:36:39,112
...tak v�echny rysy napravo budou
zrcadlov�m obrazem t�ch nalevo.
571
00:36:39,262 --> 00:36:42,790
Co� ale nen� pravda.
Vlastn� je to �pln� naopak.
572
00:36:42,940 --> 00:36:47,909
Kdybyste skute�n� na�li sochu,
kter� je naprosto symetrick�,...
573
00:36:48,059 --> 00:36:51,220
...kde se v�echny rysy napravo
neli�� od t�ch nalevo,...
574
00:36:51,370 --> 00:36:53,012
...tak je to
pad�lek.
575
00:36:53,162 --> 00:36:57,423
Proto�e Egyp�an� byli velmi chytr�mi
pozorovateli stavu �lov�ka.
576
00:36:57,573 --> 00:37:01,809
Ch�pali, �e jedno oko je
v�dy tro�ku n�e ne� druh�,...
577
00:37:01,959 --> 00:37:05,691
...�e jedna nosn� d�rka m��e b�t
trochu v�t�� ne� druh�.
578
00:37:05,841 --> 00:37:08,885
A oni tyto detaily
zobrazovali.
579
00:37:22,466 --> 00:37:25,050
Pod�vejte se na tu
prognacii na Sfinze.
580
00:37:25,200 --> 00:37:28,371
To je to prota�en�
doln� ��sti obli�eje.
581
00:37:28,521 --> 00:37:31,732
Tohle na so�e Chefr�na
nenajdete.
582
00:37:31,882 --> 00:37:35,230
Na t�hle so�e tato ��st
tv��e nevystupuje.
583
00:37:35,380 --> 00:37:39,307
Frank si tak� v�iml, �e obli�ej
Sfingy je v�ce hranat�,...
584
00:37:39,457 --> 00:37:42,550
...zat�mco Chefr�n�v
je ov�ln�j��.
585
00:37:43,592 --> 00:37:46,834
Proporcion�ln� jsou �sta
Sfingy pln�j��,...
586
00:37:46,984 --> 00:37:49,306
...ale Chefr�nova
ten��.
587
00:37:49,456 --> 00:37:54,497
O�i Sfingy jsou ve srovn�n�
s Chefr�nov�mi dost velk�.
588
00:37:55,234 --> 00:37:58,322
Po dokon�en� sv�ch po��te�n�ch
pozorov�n� v Egypt�...
589
00:37:58,472 --> 00:38:01,137
...se detektiv Domingo vr�til
do New Yorku,...
590
00:38:01,287 --> 00:38:03,457
...aby sv� zji�t�n�
analyzoval.
591
00:38:03,607 --> 00:38:06,103
Nevypad� Sfinga
trochu ustaran�?
592
00:38:06,253 --> 00:38:10,843
Jak� je asi pokuta za to, kdy� se
n�kdo vyd�v� za fara�na?
593
00:38:17,497 --> 00:38:21,462
Metodika m��en�
proporc�, �hl� a tvar�...
594
00:38:21,612 --> 00:38:26,964
...musela b�t stanovena p�edt�m,
ne� bylo mo�no prov�st porovn�n�.
595
00:38:34,373 --> 00:38:37,736
Porovn�n� rys� tv��e
bylo obt�n�j��...
596
00:38:37,886 --> 00:38:41,651
...kv�li velk�mu po�kozen�
obli�eje Sfingy.
597
00:38:42,003 --> 00:38:46,225
P�esto detektiv Domingo ur�il
dostatek referen�n�ch bod�,...
598
00:38:46,375 --> 00:38:50,180
...kter� umo�nily porovn�n�
s Chefr�novou sochou.
599
00:38:50,945 --> 00:38:56,929
T�mito body byla brada, vn�j��
koutek oka a nado�nicov� oblouk.
600
00:38:58,697 --> 00:39:02,536
Zat�mco studie �eln�ho pohledu
uk�zala podstatn� rozd�ly,...
601
00:39:02,686 --> 00:39:06,567
...porovn�n� bo�n�ho pohledu
bylo rozhoduj�c�.
602
00:39:07,166 --> 00:39:10,397
Kdy� byly referen�n� body
tohoto bo�n�ho pohledu...
603
00:39:10,547 --> 00:39:13,743
...spojeny s vertik�ln�mi
a horizont�ln�mi p��mkami,...
604
00:39:13,893 --> 00:39:17,595
...rozd�l �hl� u t�chto dvou
soch byl extr�mn�.
605
00:39:17,745 --> 00:39:22,223
Nejp�esv�d�iv�j�� byl �hel
mezi vn�j��m okem a vertik�lou.
606
00:39:22,373 --> 00:39:25,645
U Chefr�na byl tento
�hel 14 stup��,...
607
00:39:25,795 --> 00:39:31,159
...ale u Sfingy byl v�ce ne�
dvojn�sobn�: 32 stup��.
608
00:39:32,373 --> 00:39:37,426
To vysv�tluje ono p�edsunut�
doln� �elisti, kter� m� Sfinga...
609
00:39:38,243 --> 00:39:40,730
...av�ak Chefr�n
nikoli.
610
00:39:41,555 --> 00:39:45,175
Po posouzen� v�ech m��en�,
�hl� a proporc�,...
611
00:39:45,325 --> 00:39:48,651
...jsem dosp�l k z�v�ru,
�e velk� Sfinga v G�ze...
612
00:39:48,801 --> 00:39:52,933
...nen� ta osoba, kterou p�edstavuje
socha fara�na Chefr�na.
613
00:39:58,333 --> 00:40:02,107
Kdy� Sfinga nen� Chefr�n,
tak kdo to je?
614
00:40:03,723 --> 00:40:07,902
N�kte�� v�znamn� n�v�t�vn�ci v pr�b�hu
let, jako nap�. Gustave Flaubert,...
615
00:40:08,052 --> 00:40:11,501
...se domn�vali, �e Sfinga
je africk� �ernoch.
616
00:40:11,651 --> 00:40:13,975
Podle historie
kmene Zul�...
617
00:40:14,125 --> 00:40:17,647
...ob�val jeho lid v d�vn�ch
dob�ch severn� Afriku.
618
00:40:17,797 --> 00:40:21,289
Kdy� v oblasti p�estalo pr�et
a stala se Saharou,...
619
00:40:21,439 --> 00:40:24,548
...p�est�hoval se kmen
Zul� na jih.
620
00:40:32,489 --> 00:40:35,416
Tento n�zor m� dnes
jistou podporu.
621
00:40:35,566 --> 00:40:39,281
Ve sv� detailn� zpr�v�
Frank Domingo nazna�uje,...
622
00:40:39,431 --> 00:40:45,032
...�e tv�� Sfingy vykazuje
typick� znaky africk�ho obli�eje.
623
00:40:49,031 --> 00:40:53,319
Pot�, co New York Times otiskly
sloupek o Domingov� pr�ci,...
624
00:40:53,469 --> 00:40:56,251
...ortodontista Sheldon Peck
napsal dopis,...
625
00:40:56,401 --> 00:40:59,650
...v n�m� nez�visle doch�z�
ke stejn�mu z�v�ru.
626
00:40:59,800 --> 00:41:04,632
Ortodontist� pracuj� s uspo��d�n�m
obli�ejov�ch kost� ka�d� den.
627
00:41:04,782 --> 00:41:07,720
Neobr�tilo by to
d�jepis naruby,...
628
00:41:07,870 --> 00:41:13,830
...jestli�e tv�� Sfingy m�la p�edstavovat
�erno�sk�ho africk�ho kr�le �i kr�lovnu?
629
00:41:14,130 --> 00:41:17,610
Je zaj�mav�, �e legendy a
tradice kmene Zul�...
630
00:41:17,760 --> 00:41:20,626
...spojuj� jejich p�vod
s planetou Mars.
631
00:41:20,776 --> 00:41:23,785
Do�lo k velk� v�lce a
ty nejkr�sn�j�� �eny...
632
00:41:23,935 --> 00:41:27,016
...byly nalo�eny do n��eho,
�emu ��kaj� "merkaba",...
633
00:41:27,166 --> 00:41:30,355
...vesm�rnou lo�, kter� je p�ivezla
z Marsu na tuto planetu.
634
00:41:30,505 --> 00:41:33,988
Je zaj�mav�, �e toto slovo je velmi
podobn� hebrejsk�mu "merkava",...
635
00:41:34,138 --> 00:41:37,170
...co� znamen� "bo�sk�
dopravn� prost�edek",...
636
00:41:37,320 --> 00:41:41,489
...kter� pou��vaj� and�l� �i vy���
inteligence pro n�v�t�vu lidstva.
637
00:41:45,445 --> 00:41:49,771
V�echny monumenty na plo�in�
G�za jsou vytes�ny z kamene.
638
00:41:49,921 --> 00:41:53,763
Av�ak n�kter� z teori�, kter� je
vysv�tluj�, z kamene nejsou.
639
00:41:54,209 --> 00:41:58,178
Jeden z hlavn�ch d�vod�, pro�
m�l Sfingu vytesat Chefr�n,...
640
00:41:58,328 --> 00:42:01,314
...se nach�z� na
t�to �ulov� desce.
641
00:42:01,464 --> 00:42:06,400
Tato pam�tn� tabule ��k�, �e se Sfinga
ve snu zjevila Thutmosovi IV. ...
642
00:42:06,550 --> 00:42:11,615
...a sl�bila mu, �e z�sk� egyptskou korunu,
kdy� odstran� p�sek, kter� ji zakr�v�.
643
00:42:12,232 --> 00:42:16,425
Hieroglyfy ��kaj�: "Pohl�dni
na Mne, Thutmosi, m�j synu.
644
00:42:16,575 --> 00:42:19,457
J� jsem tv�j otec
H�rus na obzoru.
645
00:42:19,607 --> 00:42:23,234
K tob� obrac�m svou tv��
a srdce pro ochranu,...
646
00:42:23,384 --> 00:42:26,181
...nebo� nemocn� jsou
v�echny m� �dy.
647
00:42:26,331 --> 00:42:30,267
Zakr�vaj� Mne p�sky na svat�m
m�st�, kde spo��v�m.
648
00:42:31,696 --> 00:42:36,922
Thutmose p�sek odstranil
a skute�n� se stal kr�lem.
649
00:42:39,101 --> 00:42:43,061
Co v�ak tato deska vlastn�
��k� o Chefr�novi?
650
00:42:44,355 --> 00:42:50,214
Na spodku t�to desky kdysi bylo p�r
hieroglyf� tvo��c�ch Chefr�novo jm�no.
651
00:42:50,364 --> 00:42:55,132
Ji� se odrolily. Deska v�ak
nikde ne��k� nic o tom,...
652
00:42:55,282 --> 00:42:57,647
...�e by Chefr�n
vytesal Sfingu.
653
00:42:57,797 --> 00:43:01,534
Egyptologov� st�le d�l pou��vaj�
tento nep��m� d�kaz...
654
00:43:01,684 --> 00:43:05,252
...jako argument, �e Sfinga
byla vytes�na za jeho �ivota.
655
00:43:07,584 --> 00:43:11,271
Na druh� stran� existuje
jin� nep��m� d�kaz,...
656
00:43:11,421 --> 00:43:16,160
...kter� by prok�zal Westovu teorii,
kdyby jej odborn�ci cht�li p�ijmout.
657
00:43:17,910 --> 00:43:21,314
Zde je l�kav�, ale nepr�kazn�
kousek skl�danky.
658
00:43:21,464 --> 00:43:23,635
Toto je invent�rn�
tabule.
659
00:43:23,785 --> 00:43:27,080
T�k� se toho, jak kr�l Cheops,
Chefr�n�v p�edch�dce,...
660
00:43:27,230 --> 00:43:29,464
...postavil vedle Sfingy
chr�m �sis.
661
00:43:29,614 --> 00:43:33,203
To znamen�, �e tam Sfinga
byla ji� p�ed Chefr�nem.
662
00:43:33,353 --> 00:43:36,693
Tato deska je v�ak pozd�j��
verz� star��ho dokumentu.
663
00:43:36,843 --> 00:43:39,944
Odborn�ci se p�ou o spolehlivosti
informac�, je� obsahuje.
664
00:43:40,094 --> 00:43:44,562
Je v�ak dobr� d�vod pro to, abychom
v��ili, �e informace jsou autentick�.
665
00:43:45,119 --> 00:43:48,679
Ta invent�rn� tabule m�
velmi unik�tn� n�pisy.
666
00:43:48,829 --> 00:43:53,192
Je to kus hladk�ho v�pence,
n�jak�ch 70 x 42 cm.
667
00:43:53,342 --> 00:43:58,701
Laicky �e�eno, zmi�uje Chufeva,
Chefr�nova otce,...
668
00:43:58,851 --> 00:44:03,603
...jako toho, kdo postavil chr�m
vedle prohlubn� se Sfingou.
669
00:44:03,753 --> 00:44:07,284
Toto jasn� zpochyb�uje
p�vod Sfingy...
670
00:44:07,434 --> 00:44:10,407
...a ukazuje to na mnohem
star�� obdob�.
671
00:44:10,557 --> 00:44:14,922
Odborn�ci to odm�taj� kv�li novodob�
stylizaci egyptsk�ho p�sma.
672
00:44:15,072 --> 00:44:18,241
To je, jako kdybychom odm�tali
Bibli kr�le Jakuba,...
673
00:44:18,391 --> 00:44:21,418
...jen proto, �e je psan�
modern� angli�tinou...
674
00:44:21,568 --> 00:44:25,658
...a p�ehl�eli bychom ten prvotn�
zdroj kosmologie a teologie.
675
00:44:32,852 --> 00:44:37,761
D�vn� Egyp�an� byli mistry ve stavb�
z velk�ch kamenn�ch blok�.
676
00:44:38,987 --> 00:44:43,768
N�v�t�vn�ky z cel�ho sv�ta st�le
ohromuj� tyto velkolep� stavby...
677
00:44:43,918 --> 00:44:46,377
...postaven� p�ed
tis�ci lety.
678
00:44:47,373 --> 00:44:51,220
Nejproslulej��m p��kladem je
asi Velk� pyramida v G�ze.
679
00:44:51,370 --> 00:44:56,829
2,5 mili�nu v�pencov�ch kv�dr�
je poskl�d�no do v��ky 146 m.
680
00:44:56,979 --> 00:45:00,609
Pr�m�rn� v�ha kv�dr�
je 2,5 tuny.
681
00:45:01,531 --> 00:45:07,099
Vnit�n� komory jsou lemov�ny
kv�dry, z nich� ka�d� v�� 70 tun.
682
00:45:09,722 --> 00:45:14,358
Stejn� p�sobiv�, jako tato ��sla,
je je�t� v�t�� z�hada,...
683
00:45:14,508 --> 00:45:17,830
...kter� byla a� dodnes
zcela p�ehl�ena.
684
00:45:18,851 --> 00:45:24,863
Aby mohlo b�t vytes�no t�lo Sfingy,
byly vyl�m�ny obrovsk� kv�dry v�pence.
685
00:45:25,013 --> 00:45:30,212
Byly p�em�s�ov�ny jeden po druh�m,
zat�mco lev z�sk�val sv�j tvar.
686
00:45:35,250 --> 00:45:38,485
Stoj�m na st�n�ch
ohrani�uj�c�ch Sfingu.
687
00:45:38,635 --> 00:45:43,944
Je to obrovsk� v�pencov� chr�m,
postaven� z�rove� se Sfingou.
688
00:45:44,094 --> 00:45:48,818
V�me to, nebo� m��eme prohl�dnout
k�men, z n�ho� je postaven,...
689
00:45:48,968 --> 00:45:52,186
...a vid�me, �e m� naprosto
stejn� vrstvy a litologii,...
690
00:45:52,336 --> 00:45:55,272
...opravdu m��eme p�esn�
ur�it, �e tyto kv�dry...
691
00:45:55,422 --> 00:45:58,473
...poch�zej� p��mo z p�vodn�
sk�ly kolem Sfingy.
692
00:45:58,474 --> 00:46:02,377
Vyl�mali tedy obrovsk� kv�dry,
kter� p�esunuli p�ed Sfingu,...
693
00:46:02,527 --> 00:46:05,691
...a postavili z nich
Chr�m Sfingy.
694
00:46:05,841 --> 00:46:09,184
A velikost t�chto kv�dr�
je skute�n� enormn�.
695
00:46:09,334 --> 00:46:14,039
Jak dok�zali p�esunout tyto velik�nsk�
kv�dry pomoc� tzv. "primitivn� technologie"?
696
00:46:14,189 --> 00:46:16,917
Jak z nich dok�zali
poskl�dat tento chr�m?
697
00:46:17,067 --> 00:46:20,256
To je skute�n� udivuj�c� a
podn�cuje to p�edstavivost.
698
00:46:20,406 --> 00:46:23,972
N�kter� z t�chto kv�dr�
jsou 9 m dlouh�,...
699
00:46:24,122 --> 00:46:26,578
...3 m vysok� a
3,5 m �irok�.
700
00:46:26,728 --> 00:46:29,336
Ka�d� v��
200 tun.
701
00:46:29,486 --> 00:46:32,978
To je zhruba v�ha dvou
dieselov�ch lokomotiv.
702
00:46:33,217 --> 00:46:36,836
Nikde jinde v cel�m Egypt� nebyly
pro stavbu chr�mov�ch zd�...
703
00:46:36,986 --> 00:46:39,627
...pou�ity kv�dry
takov�ch rozm�r�.
704
00:46:39,777 --> 00:46:44,926
Ot�zkou je, jak byly tyto gigantick�
bloky p�em�st�ny, pot� zdvi�eny...
705
00:46:45,076 --> 00:46:49,104
...a p�esn� zasazeny na
sv� m�sto 15 m nad zem�?
706
00:46:50,203 --> 00:46:53,075
Egyptologov�
trvaj� na tom,...
707
00:46:53,225 --> 00:46:58,794
...�e byly pou�ity rampy, p�ky,
provazy a spousta lidsk� s�ly.
708
00:47:02,744 --> 00:47:05,625
Aby John tento probl�m vid�l
ve spr�vn�m sv�tle,...
709
00:47:05,775 --> 00:47:08,843
...zajel na staveni�t� na Long
Islandu, aby se pod�val,...
710
00:47:08,993 --> 00:47:12,018
...jak dne�n� in�en��i zvedaj� a
man�vruj� s t�k�mi n�klady.
711
00:47:12,168 --> 00:47:14,837
Skupina 20 mu��
pracovala 6 t�dn�,...
712
00:47:14,987 --> 00:47:18,054
...aby p�ipravila zdvi�en�
jedin�ho objektu:
713
00:47:18,204 --> 00:47:20,673
200 tunov�ho
kotle.
714
00:47:21,179 --> 00:47:25,453
Tento je��b je jedn�m z nejv�t��ch
existuj�c�ch pozemn�ch je��b�.
715
00:47:26,056 --> 00:47:29,395
Jeho ramena sahaj�
do v��ky 67 m.
716
00:47:29,545 --> 00:47:35,514
Aby se nep�eklopil, je zapot�eb�
160 tunov� betonov� protiv�ha.
717
00:47:36,202 --> 00:47:41,091
Druh� je��b byl zapot�eb� pro
p�esn� usazen� kotle na m�sto.
718
00:47:41,941 --> 00:47:45,946
Kdy� se d�v�m na ty kusy,
co mi zde ukazujete,...
719
00:47:45,946 --> 00:47:48,527
...a na tu pot�ebnou
vzd�lenost,...
720
00:47:48,677 --> 00:47:51,718
...nev�m, jestli bychom je
dok�zali zvednout -
721
00:47:51,868 --> 00:47:53,854
- v��-li ka�d�
200 tun -
722
00:47:54,004 --> 00:47:56,179
...s m�stem, kter� je
tu k dispozici.
723
00:47:56,329 --> 00:48:00,677
T�mhle se zab�v�m l�ta, proto�e
m� pr�ce je zvedat t�k� n�klady.
724
00:48:00,827 --> 00:48:03,936
Zkoum�me, jak je zvedali
jin� lid� p�ed n�mi.
725
00:48:04,086 --> 00:48:07,817
A kdy� se d�v�m, jak p�esunuli
tyto 200 tun t�k� bloky,...
726
00:48:07,967 --> 00:48:10,537
...mo�n� p�ed spoustou
tis�c let,...
727
00:48:10,687 --> 00:48:13,461
...tak nem�m pon�t�,
jak to ud�lali.
728
00:48:13,842 --> 00:48:17,481
Je to z�hada a asi to
z�hadou nav�dy z�stane.
729
00:48:17,631 --> 00:48:20,603
Pro m� a mo�n�
pro v�echny.
730
00:48:22,908 --> 00:48:27,529
Jestli�e s bloky t�to velikosti maj�
probl�m man�vrovat i modern� in�en��i,...
731
00:48:27,679 --> 00:48:30,180
...jak to dok�zali
d�vn� stavitel�?
732
00:48:30,330 --> 00:48:33,515
Je mo�n� p�esunout na
m�sto 200 tunov� bloky...
733
00:48:33,665 --> 00:48:36,993
...s pou�it�m jednoduch� p�ky,
jak tvrd� egyptologov�?
734
00:48:37,143 --> 00:48:41,672
Nebo m�li technologii, kterou na�e
v�da teprve za��n� ch�pat?
735
00:48:42,861 --> 00:48:46,684
Technologii zalo�enou
na zvukov� vibraci?
736
00:48:47,750 --> 00:48:50,632
Vedouc� projektu Boris Sayeed
demonstruje,...
737
00:48:50,782 --> 00:48:54,436
...�e d�vn� Egyp�an� akustick�m
princip�m rozum�li...
738
00:48:54,586 --> 00:48:57,584
...a zahrnovali je do
sv� architektury.
739
00:48:57,892 --> 00:49:00,004
Tento zlomen�
obelisk...
740
00:49:00,154 --> 00:49:04,685
...st�le p�i �deru rezonuje
jako obrovsk� ladi�ka.
741
00:49:27,629 --> 00:49:32,104
Bible ��k� o
bitv� o Jericho:
742
00:49:33,413 --> 00:49:37,495
A kdy� zdlouha troubiti
budou na roh beran�...
743
00:49:37,645 --> 00:49:43,022
...jak� nejprv� usly��te hlas trouby,
zk�ikne v�ecken lid k�ikem velik�m...
744
00:49:43,172 --> 00:49:47,077
...i obo�� se ze� m�stsk�
na m�st� sv�m.
745
00:49:48,156 --> 00:49:50,674
Zni�il hradby zvuk?
746
00:49:51,548 --> 00:49:55,108
N�kte�� z v�s si mo�n� pamatuj�
tuto slavnou reklamu.
747
00:49:55,973 --> 00:50:00,217
M��e zes�len� hlas Elly Fitzgerald
rozb�t tuto sklenici?
748
00:50:01,838 --> 00:50:03,397
V��te tomu.
749
00:50:03,675 --> 00:50:06,916
Zvuk evidentn� m��e
p�sobit na hmotu.
750
00:50:07,066 --> 00:50:10,296
Mohl by ale nadn�et
t�k� p�edm�ty?
751
00:50:11,313 --> 00:50:15,021
Pro v�t�inu z n�s je
levitace tohle.
752
00:50:25,197 --> 00:50:29,267
Av�ak v�dci z nejmodern�j��
v�zkumn� stanice u Chicaga...
753
00:50:29,417 --> 00:50:32,340
...maj� pro levitaci
jinou definici.
754
00:50:32,695 --> 00:50:36,464
Akustick� levitace je
nekouzelnick� zp�sob,...
755
00:50:36,614 --> 00:50:41,194
...jak nadn�et t�leso
velmi hlasit�m zvukem.
756
00:50:44,802 --> 00:50:47,211
Levitace, kterou
d�l�me my,...
757
00:50:47,361 --> 00:50:52,425
...se prov�d� pomoc� jednoho �i dvou
zdroj� zvuku a reflektoru,...
758
00:50:52,575 --> 00:50:56,353
...a reflektor zvuk odr��
a vrac� vlnu zp�t,...
759
00:50:56,503 --> 00:50:59,793
...��m� sebou proch�zej�
dv� zvukov� pole.
760
00:50:59,943 --> 00:51:03,469
V oblasti interference t�chto
dvou zvukov�ch pol�...
761
00:51:03,619 --> 00:51:09,711
...jsou mal� "n�doby", kde m��ete
nadn�et p�edm�ty drobn�ch rozm�r�.
762
00:51:20,884 --> 00:51:23,125
Do Egypta bych
si r�d zajel,...
763
00:51:23,275 --> 00:51:28,277
...ale zvednout kv�dr je trochu nad
r�mec na�ich sou�asn�ch mo�nost�.
764
00:51:28,427 --> 00:51:31,030
Pot�ebn� frekvence
je mnohem ni���,...
765
00:51:31,180 --> 00:51:34,538
...ne� jsme schopni s efektivn�
intenzitou vytvo�it,...
766
00:51:34,688 --> 00:51:38,708
...a reflektor, kter� by byl pot�eba
nad takov�m objektem,...
767
00:51:38,858 --> 00:51:41,974
...by musel m�t asi
400 m v pr�m�ru.
768
00:51:42,124 --> 00:51:46,124
Sou�asn� nejpokro�ilej�� v�da dok�e
nadn�et mal� kam�nek,...
769
00:51:46,274 --> 00:51:50,716
...ale nic srovnateln�ho s kamenn�mi
bloky u Sfingy a �doln�ch ch�m�.
770
00:51:50,866 --> 00:51:54,227
Skute�nost� z�st�v�, �e tyto
200 tunov� bloky kamene...
771
00:51:54,377 --> 00:51:58,190
...byly n�jak zdvi�eny a poskl�d�ny
s vysokou p�esnost�.
772
00:51:58,340 --> 00:52:02,226
Dnes nikdo nev�, jak to
bylo provedeno.
773
00:52:10,731 --> 00:52:13,625
Kdy� se pod�v�te na Sfingu,
mo�n� si v�imnete,...
774
00:52:13,775 --> 00:52:16,933
...�e hlava se zd� b�t
pro jej� t�lo p��li� mal�.
775
00:52:17,083 --> 00:52:21,514
Detektiv Domingo soud�, �e byla-li
Sfinga vytes�na ve tvaru lva,...
776
00:52:21,664 --> 00:52:24,993
...m�la by odpov�dat proporc�m
skute�n�ho lva.
777
00:52:25,143 --> 00:52:28,183
A�koli zna�n� ��st Sfingy
podlehla erozi,...
778
00:52:28,333 --> 00:52:32,159
...Domingo pro sv� porovn�n�
na�el 4 platn� referen�n� body,...
779
00:52:32,309 --> 00:52:36,668
...kter� potvrdily, �e z�kladna m�
skute�n� spr�vn� proporce...
780
00:52:36,818 --> 00:52:39,067
...odpov�daj�c�
lv�mu t�lu.
781
00:52:39,217 --> 00:52:41,635
Sfinga m� v�ak
hlavu �lov�ka.
782
00:52:41,785 --> 00:52:44,412
Kdy� Domingo porovnal
rozm�ry Sfingy...
783
00:52:44,562 --> 00:52:47,198
...s typickou Sfingou
v k�hirsk�m muzeu,...
784
00:52:47,348 --> 00:52:50,635
...zjistil, �e z�kladny jsou tak�
ve spr�vn� proporci.
785
00:52:50,785 --> 00:52:53,844
Pro� se potom
hlavy tolik li��?
786
00:52:55,244 --> 00:52:58,492
Domingo se domn�v�, �e jeliko�
p�vodn� hlava...
787
00:52:58,642 --> 00:53:01,035
...ji� byla p��li�
zv�tral� de�t�m,...
788
00:53:01,185 --> 00:53:04,991
...musela b�t nov� vytes�na
do podoby, kterou vid�me dnes.
789
00:53:05,764 --> 00:53:09,961
Symbol Sfingy je
jedine�n�m spojen�m...
790
00:53:10,111 --> 00:53:12,654
...Sfingy coby
str�ce pozn�n�,...
791
00:53:12,804 --> 00:53:16,487
...hl�da�e dve�� vedouc�ch
k vy���mu pozn�n�,...
792
00:53:16,637 --> 00:53:20,736
...s�lu lidsk� povahy, tj. tv��
lidsk� inteligence...
793
00:53:20,886 --> 00:53:23,270
...spojen� s t�lem lva,...
794
00:53:23,420 --> 00:53:25,991
...s p��rodn�mi silami, je� jsou
d�ny do rovnov�hy...
795
00:53:26,141 --> 00:53:30,487
...se silami Slune�n� soustavy �i
�ir�� p�edstavou �ivota ve vesm�ru.
796
00:53:30,637 --> 00:53:33,615
V�echna tato t�i t�mata jsou
zde spojena v jedno,...
797
00:53:33,765 --> 00:53:37,672
...co� je dokonal�m symbolem
zasv�cen� do v��n�ho �ivota.
798
00:53:39,808 --> 00:53:43,005
V dob�ch, kdy je�t� nebyly
kamery a video,...
799
00:53:43,155 --> 00:53:46,285
...se lid� museli spolehnout
na popisn� schopnosti...
800
00:53:46,435 --> 00:53:50,074
...t�ch zl�kan�ch turist�, kte��
opravdu Sfingu vid�li.
801
00:53:50,783 --> 00:53:54,595
Tyto popisy ob�as byly
velmi poetick�.
802
00:54:07,279 --> 00:54:12,469
Po stalet� egyptsk� z�hady p�itahovaly
n�v�t�vn�ky z cel�ho sv�ta:
803
00:54:12,619 --> 00:54:16,427
Benjamin Franklin, Napolenon,
Florence Nightingale,...
804
00:54:16,998 --> 00:54:20,674
...p�i�li, aby okusili kulturu
starobyl�ho Egypta.
805
00:54:26,397 --> 00:54:31,301
Dnes cestovatel� p�ij�d�j� do zem�,
kter� je st�le bohat� na tradice.
806
00:54:33,132 --> 00:54:36,295
Egyp�an� jsou srde�n�,
p��tel�t� lid�.
807
00:54:38,895 --> 00:54:42,773
N�kte�� jsou mistry
v um�n� smlouvat.
808
00:54:43,377 --> 00:54:46,300
--- d�v�m p�ednost Nefertiti,
ta je hez�� ---
809
00:54:47,133 --> 00:54:51,000
A p�ich�zej� si samoz�ejm� hlavn�
prohl�dnout monumenty.
810
00:54:51,164 --> 00:54:55,034
Egyp�an� je pova�uj�
za d�dictv� lidstva.
811
00:54:55,539 --> 00:54:58,651
D�l� se o n� velkoryse
s cel�m sv�tem.
812
00:54:59,307 --> 00:55:02,087
Restaurov�n� a �dr�ba
t�chto poklad�...
813
00:55:02,237 --> 00:55:06,138
...je velk�m �kolem egyptsk�
Organizace pro starov�k� pam�tky.
814
00:55:06,288 --> 00:55:09,230
Dr. Said Hegazy vyjad�uje
svou starost:
815
00:55:09,530 --> 00:55:13,036
V�te, m��eme ��ci, �e
�ijeme sou�asnost�.
816
00:55:13,186 --> 00:55:15,067
�ijeme v�ak
tak� minulost�.
817
00:55:15,217 --> 00:55:19,324
M��eme se toho o sob� hodn� nau�it
t�m, �e studujeme minulost.
818
00:55:19,474 --> 00:55:21,521
Tyto monumenty
jsou minulost.
819
00:55:21,671 --> 00:55:26,336
A musej� p�e��t stovky let, aby
je mohly poznat i nov� generace.
820
00:55:26,486 --> 00:55:29,816
Tyto chr�my se
po stalet� rozpadaly.
821
00:55:29,966 --> 00:55:33,257
Je na�� povinnost� je chr�nit
proti dal�� zk�ze...
822
00:55:33,407 --> 00:55:36,718
...a ud�lat v�e, co m��eme,
abychom je zrestaurovali.
823
00:55:39,751 --> 00:55:44,701
Od �svitu do soumraku
DEN V LUXORSK�M CHR�MU
824
00:56:09,092 --> 00:56:13,430
Zde v Luxoru p�i n�hodn�
turistick� n�v�t�v� roku 1937...
825
00:56:13,580 --> 00:56:16,659
...R. A. Schwaller de Lubicz
pojal my�lenku,...
826
00:56:16,809 --> 00:56:20,969
...�e tato zvl�tn� nesymetrick� z��cenina
za n�mi - Luxorsk� chr�m,...
827
00:56:21,119 --> 00:56:24,192
...byl ve skute�nosti uk�zkou
harmonie a proporce.
828
00:56:24,342 --> 00:56:27,698
Nebo� tyto dv� v�ci
�dajn� vynalezli a� �ekov�,...
829
00:56:27,848 --> 00:56:31,476
...rozhodl se zde Schwaller z�stat,
aby svou hypot�zu prov��il.
830
00:56:31,626 --> 00:56:33,734
Proto�e kdyby
mohl dok�zat,...
831
00:56:33,884 --> 00:56:37,314
...�e d�vn� Egyp�an�
harmonii a proporci vyu��vali,...
832
00:56:37,464 --> 00:56:41,263
...znamenalo by to, �e exaktn�
v�deck� znalost matematiky...
833
00:56:41,413 --> 00:56:45,174
...existovala o pln�ch tis�c let d��ve,
p�ed vzestupem �ecka.
834
00:56:45,324 --> 00:56:49,077
V pr�b�hu 15 let Schwaller
tuto chr�movou stavbu...
835
00:56:49,227 --> 00:56:52,280
...prom��il a matematicky
zanalyzoval.
836
00:56:52,430 --> 00:56:56,970
Shledal, �e vych�z� ze striktn�ch
geometrick�ch a harmonick�ch proporc�.
837
00:56:57,120 --> 00:57:01,553
Sv�mi pozorov�n�mi Schwaller zjistil,
�e st�ny, sloupy a svatyn�...
838
00:57:01,703 --> 00:57:06,687
...vypr�v�j� p��b�h o stvo�en� �lov�ka
a jeho vztahu s vesm�rem.
839
00:57:07,479 --> 00:57:11,736
Samotn� proporce �lov�ka zahrnuje
p�dorys tohoto monumentu,...
840
00:57:11,886 --> 00:57:14,993
...kter� Schwaller nazval
Chr�mem �lov�ka.
841
00:57:18,866 --> 00:57:21,964
Mohly slo�it� znalosti vyj�d�en�
v tomto chr�mu,...
842
00:57:22,114 --> 00:57:24,945
...kter� dnes jen
za��n�me ch�pat,...
843
00:57:25,095 --> 00:57:29,049
...b�t d�dictv�m po stavitel�ch Sfingy
a jej�ho chr�mov�ho komplexu?
844
00:57:30,786 --> 00:57:34,036
Toto posv�tn� m�sto evokuje
ve sv�ch n�v�t�vn�c�ch...
845
00:57:34,186 --> 00:57:38,264
...zvl�tn� vitalitu, kter� m��e b�t
rozru�uj�c�, le� radostn�.
846
00:57:40,652 --> 00:57:43,759
Architektu�e se ��k�
"zmrzl� hudba"...
847
00:57:43,909 --> 00:57:47,999
...a Luxor, i kdy� rozpadl�,
je kamennou symfoni�.
848
00:58:06,519 --> 00:58:09,606
Tis�c�m turist�, kte�� Sfingu
denn� nav�t�vuj�,...
849
00:58:09,756 --> 00:58:13,238
...se jev�, jako by byla postaven�
z kamenn�ch blok�.
850
00:58:13,388 --> 00:58:16,424
Kv�dry v�ak ve skute�nosti
byly pou�ity...
851
00:58:16,574 --> 00:58:19,497
...na opravu t�ce zv�tral�ho
t�la Sfingy.
852
00:58:19,647 --> 00:58:23,667
Pro Westa a jeho t�m p�edstavuj�
tyto opravn� kv�dry cennou stopu,...
853
00:58:23,817 --> 00:58:26,865
...kterou jin� experti
neberou v �vahu.
854
00:58:27,605 --> 00:58:29,693
Siln� zv�tral�
t�lo Sfingy...
855
00:58:29,843 --> 00:58:33,636
...bylo b�hem sv� dlouh�
historie mnohokr�t opravov�no.
856
00:58:33,786 --> 00:58:37,419
Ka�d� z t�chto oprav m�
sv�j individu�ln� styl.
857
00:58:38,819 --> 00:58:44,275
Zde je ocas Sfingy a hned nad n�m
jsou r�zn� opravy.
858
00:58:44,425 --> 00:58:48,301
P��mo na ocasu jsou odli�n�
styly r�zn�ch oprav.
859
00:58:48,451 --> 00:58:51,617
Toto je zjevn� mnohem
star�� opravn� blok,...
860
00:58:51,767 --> 00:58:54,837
...toto jsou mlad�� opravy
ve 20. stolet�.
861
00:58:56,010 --> 00:59:00,165
Sami egyptologov� datuj�
n�kter� z t�ch nejstar��ch oprav...
862
00:59:00,315 --> 00:59:02,863
...a� do doby Star�ho
kr�lovstv�.
863
00:59:03,013 --> 00:59:06,082
Na oprav�ch tohoto
velkolep�ho monumentu...
864
00:59:06,232 --> 00:59:10,813
...tedy lid� pracuj�
posledn�ch 4.500 let.
865
00:59:14,243 --> 00:59:16,938
Zde vid�me pr��ez
opravami.
866
00:59:17,088 --> 00:59:20,864
Aby byla Sfinga obnovena
do sv� p�vodn� lv� podoby,...
867
00:59:21,014 --> 00:59:24,469
...bylo zapot�eb� 0,5 a� 1 m
opravn�ch kv�dr�.
868
00:59:24,862 --> 00:59:28,688
Egyptologov� n�m ��kaj�,
�e prvn� opravy Sfingy...
869
00:59:28,838 --> 00:59:31,367
...prob�hly za Star�ho
kr�lovstv�...
870
00:59:31,517 --> 00:59:35,116
...a toto obdob� skon�ilo asi
300 let po Chefr�nov� smrti.
871
00:59:35,266 --> 00:59:37,159
To v�ak p�in��
probl�m.
872
00:59:37,309 --> 00:59:39,394
Pokud Chefr�n
Sfingu vytesal,...
873
00:59:39,544 --> 00:59:42,791
...pro� by pot�ebovala opravy
po pouh�ch 300 letech?
874
00:59:44,537 --> 00:59:47,626
��kaj�, �e k�men, z n�ho�
je Sfinga vytes�na,...
875
00:59:47,776 --> 00:59:51,826
...je tak nekvalitn�, �e za 300 let
zv�tral o 1 metr.
876
00:59:51,976 --> 00:59:56,229
To je eroze s rychlost�
zhruba 30 cm za ka�d�ch sto let.
877
00:59:56,491 --> 01:00:00,059
��kaj� n�m, �e Sfinga je
4.500 let star�.
878
01:00:00,209 --> 01:00:03,343
To je celkem
13,7 metr� eroze.
879
01:00:03,493 --> 01:00:06,794
Proto�e je Sfinga
�irok� jen 12 metr�,...
880
01:00:06,944 --> 01:00:10,537
...p�ed 100 lety by tak
musela �pln� zmizet.
881
01:00:19,527 --> 01:00:22,436
Jedno vysv�tlen�, jak byla
Sfinga zformov�na,...
882
01:00:22,586 --> 01:00:26,530
...nab�dl Farouk El Baz -
sv�tov� proslul� egyptsk� geolog.
883
01:00:28,142 --> 01:00:32,681
V�iml si velmi star�ch vzor�
vodn�ho zv�tr�n� na t�le Sfingy,...
884
01:00:32,831 --> 01:00:36,020
...a navrhl, �e Sfinga
je "yardang".
885
01:00:36,170 --> 01:00:39,944
"Yardang" je krajinn� �tvar
tvarovan� p��rodn�mi silami,...
886
01:00:40,094 --> 01:00:42,922
...jako je p�sek
nesen� v�trem.
887
01:00:43,072 --> 01:00:47,418
Podle El Baze tyto s�ly daly
hornin� z�kladn� tvar,...
888
01:00:47,568 --> 01:00:52,191
...kter� pak Egyp�an� pouze upravili
do podoby dne�n� Sfingy.
889
01:00:53,685 --> 01:00:56,521
A zde to graficky
zn�zor�uje:
890
01:00:56,671 --> 01:01:00,412
Tady je kus sk�ly
vy�n�vaj�c� z pou�t�,...
891
01:01:00,562 --> 01:01:02,636
...kolem n�j
vanou v�try...
892
01:01:02,786 --> 01:01:06,295
...a za��naj� ho tvarovat, ��m�
vypad� st�le v�ce jako Sfinga.
893
01:01:06,445 --> 01:01:09,736
A pak p�i�li Egyp�an�
a trochu ho poupravili,...
894
01:01:09,886 --> 01:01:13,044
...do podoby Sfingy,
kterou vid�me dnes.
895
01:01:16,696 --> 01:01:21,439
Ohledn� teorie o "yardangu",
kterou navrhl Farouk El Baz,...
896
01:01:21,589 --> 01:01:24,935
...si nemysl�m, �e je po
bli���m prozkoum�n� platn�.
897
01:01:25,085 --> 01:01:28,697
Jedn�m d�vodem je, �e kdy�
se pod�v�te na okol� Sfingy,...
898
01:01:28,847 --> 01:01:30,755
- a zde je jeho
zadn� ��st -
899
01:01:30,905 --> 01:01:34,264
...tak je Sfinga vytes�na
ze skaln�ho podlo��,...
900
01:01:34,414 --> 01:01:38,737
...a ten p��kop, kter� ji obklopuje,
je velmi t�sn� a rovn�...
901
01:01:38,887 --> 01:01:42,448
...a m� tyto ostr� prav� �hly,
jak zde vid�te.
902
01:01:42,598 --> 01:01:46,158
Je velmi t�k� si p�edstavit,
jak by mohly p��rodn� procesy...
903
01:01:46,308 --> 01:01:49,974
...�ezat tak t�sn� a vytvo�it
tyto ostr� prav� �hly.
904
01:01:50,124 --> 01:01:55,277
Nav�c byly p�inejmen��m n�kter� z kv�dr�
vytesan�ch z okol� Sfingy...
905
01:01:55,427 --> 01:01:58,699
...pou�it� ke stavb� chr�m�
stoj�c�ch p�ed Sfingou.
906
01:01:58,849 --> 01:02:02,432
A je velmi t�k� si p�edstavit,
jak by p��rodn� procesy...
907
01:02:02,582 --> 01:02:08,608
...vy��zly kv�dry, p�em�stily je,
a sestavily z nich chr�my p�ed Sfingou.
908
01:02:19,446 --> 01:02:25,565
Hlava Sfingy, kter� se nach�z�
nad �rovn� roviny G�za v t�to oblasti,...
909
01:02:25,715 --> 01:02:29,118
...vlastn� mohla m�t
p�vod jako "yardang"...
910
01:02:29,268 --> 01:02:33,265
...ale nev���m, �e by "yardang"
p�vodn� bylo cel� t�lo.
911
01:02:34,396 --> 01:02:38,192
Dr. Hawass m� svou vlastn� p�edstavu,
jak byla Sfinga vytvo�ena.
912
01:02:38,342 --> 01:02:42,287
Popisuje, jak socha� mohl
na t�to velk� so�e pracovat.
913
01:02:42,437 --> 01:02:46,685
Vytvo�il obli�ej Sfingy, ale zjistil,
�e cel� t�lo je zch�tral�,...
914
01:02:46,835 --> 01:02:51,426
...tak obezdil Sfingu
kameny, v�pencem,...
915
01:02:51,576 --> 01:02:53,731
...a pak provedl
vytes�n�.
916
01:02:54,240 --> 01:02:57,186
Jin�mi slovy: v�penec byl
natolik zch�tral�,
917
01:02:57,336 --> 01:03:01,317
...�e socha�i museli t�lo opravovat
ji� b�hem vytes�v�n�.
918
01:03:01,467 --> 01:03:06,751
Dr. Schoch k�men pe�liv� prozkoumal
a do�el k velmi odli�n�mu z�v�ru.
919
01:03:07,094 --> 01:03:13,151
Na t�chto kv�drech m��ete vid�t tu vrstvu
a fos�lie nummulita [t�etihorn� prvok]...
920
01:03:13,301 --> 01:03:17,507
...toto je p�esn� ta sam� sk�la
jako v okol� Sfingy.
921
01:03:17,657 --> 01:03:22,350
Opravdu hodn� p�kn� v�penec,
kvalitn�, pevn�,...
922
01:03:22,500 --> 01:03:26,493
...je rozhodn� vhodn� k pou�it�
pro stavbu jako je tato.
923
01:03:26,643 --> 01:03:31,808
Ur�it� se neza�ne p�i vysek�v�n�
hned drolit na prach.
924
01:03:31,958 --> 01:03:37,891
Kdyby to tak bylo, nemohli by ho pou��t
ke stavb� takov�hoto chr�mu.
925
01:03:38,655 --> 01:03:43,212
Podle Schocha a Westa v dob�,
kdy se Chefr�n stal fara�nem,...
926
01:03:43,362 --> 01:03:47,578
...byla Sfinga ji� siln� zv�tral�
vlivem sr�ek b�hem tis�c� let.
927
01:03:47,728 --> 01:03:51,056
Chefr�n Sfingu nepostavil.
Opravil ji.
928
01:03:53,928 --> 01:03:57,136
Opravil jak Sfingu,
tak �doln� chr�m -
929
01:03:57,286 --> 01:04:01,612
- oboj� ji� siln� zv�tral�, kdy�
se Chefr�n stal fara�nem.
930
01:04:01,762 --> 01:04:02,752
A jak to v�me?
931
01:04:02,902 --> 01:04:07,098
Toto je n�pis nalezen�
v �ule �doln�ho chr�mu.
932
01:04:07,248 --> 01:04:10,591
Jeho styl je typickou
prac� Star�ho kr�lovstv�.
933
01:04:10,741 --> 01:04:15,155
Jeho p�ibli�n� p�eklad zn�:
"Milovan� naho�e �ij�c� nav�dy."
934
01:04:15,305 --> 01:04:17,598
N�m n�pis
v�ak ��k�,...
935
01:04:17,748 --> 01:04:20,651
...�e tato �ula zde byla ji�
v dob� Star�ho kr�lovstv�.
936
01:04:20,801 --> 01:04:24,746
A my jsme prok�zali, �e �ulov�
kv�dry ve st�edu chr�mu...
937
01:04:24,896 --> 01:04:27,359
...jsou mnohem star��,
ne� tato �ula.
938
01:04:27,509 --> 01:04:30,712
Jestli�e zde tato �ula byla
v dob� Star�ho kr�lovstv�,...
939
01:04:30,862 --> 01:04:34,286
...samotn� chr�m musel b�t
postaven mnohem d��ve.
940
01:04:34,436 --> 01:04:38,672
Zde je pohled na jednu bo�n�
st�nu �doln�ho chr�mu.
941
01:04:38,673 --> 01:04:42,717
P�ed n�jakou dobou z n� bylo
odstran�no �ulov� kv�drov� zdivo,...
942
01:04:42,867 --> 01:04:48,742
...a bylo pou�ito pro rekonstrukci
a stavbu jin�ch budov v oblasti K�hiry.
943
01:04:48,892 --> 01:04:55,002
A pod �ulov�m kv�drov�m zdivem
je vid�t hrub� neuspo��dan� povrch,...
944
01:04:55,152 --> 01:05:02,543
...co� podle m� znamen�, �e d�vn� Egyp�an�
zde m�li zv�tral� povrch velmi star�ho chr�mu,...
945
01:05:02,693 --> 01:05:05,972
...kter� jen trochu otesali, aby
z�skali pou�iteln�j�� povrch,...
946
01:05:06,122 --> 01:05:08,653
...ne� ho p�ekryli
�ulov�m zdivem.
947
01:05:08,803 --> 01:05:12,860
Neotesali ho v�ak natolik, aby
z�skali p�kn� hladk� povrch.
948
01:05:13,808 --> 01:05:16,841
Tohle je to, co mysl�m tou
dvoustup�ovou v�stavbou.
949
01:05:16,991 --> 01:05:20,885
Vid�te ty obrovsk� v�pencov�
vnit�n� bloky poch�zej�c� z toho p��kopu...
950
01:05:21,035 --> 01:05:23,474
...kter� byly vyl�m�ny
kolem Sfingy,...
951
01:05:23,624 --> 01:05:25,995
...a ten �ulov� p�ekryv
p�idan� pozd�ji.
952
01:05:26,145 --> 01:05:29,206
Tot� vid�me t�mhle. �ulov� tabule
a v�pencov� bloky naho�e.
953
01:05:29,356 --> 01:05:32,396
M�j n�zor je, �e ty vnit�n�
v�pencov� kv�dry...
954
01:05:32,546 --> 01:05:35,906
...p�vodn� m�ly to zvln�n� zv�tr�n�,
jak� vid�me na Sfinze.
955
01:05:36,056 --> 01:05:40,271
Zv�tr�n� bylo osek�no a na v�pencov�
vnit�ek pak byla p�ilo�ena �ula.
956
01:05:40,421 --> 01:05:43,482
- J� souhlas�m.
- M��ete jako geolog ��ci,...
957
01:05:43,632 --> 01:05:46,570
...jestli ten v�penec
opravdu zv�tr�val d��ve,...
958
01:05:46,720 --> 01:05:50,261
...tzn. jestli byl ji� star�, kdy�
na n�j byla p�ilo�ena ta �ula?
959
01:05:50,411 --> 01:05:54,295
Mysl�m, �e ano. Proto�e na t� stran�,
kde byla �ula odstran�na,...
960
01:05:54,445 --> 01:05:57,209
...je ten v�pencov� povrch
vid�t velmi z�eteln�...
961
01:05:57,359 --> 01:05:59,724
...a je na n�m vid�t
star� zv�tr�n�...
962
01:05:59,874 --> 01:06:03,957
...kter� bylo jen trochu otes�no,
aby na n�j byla p�ilo�ena nov�j�� �ula.
963
01:06:04,107 --> 01:06:08,396
Zadn� strana �uly byla otes�na tak,
aby sedla na star� zv�tral� povrch.
964
01:06:08,546 --> 01:06:13,316
Nemohlo to tedy b�t postaveno najednou,
s t�m efektem, aby tam nejd��v dali v�penec,...
965
01:06:13,466 --> 01:06:17,059
...nechali ho dlouho zv�tr�vat,
a pak na n�j p�ilo�ili �ulu.
966
01:06:17,209 --> 01:06:19,957
M�m pocit, �e toto je d�le�it�
kousek t� skl�danky.
967
01:06:20,107 --> 01:06:23,137
- Tak� mysl�m.
- Uk�u v�m dal��. - OK.
968
01:06:33,391 --> 01:06:37,115
Toto je sn�mek st�ny
�doln�ho chr�mu.
969
01:06:37,265 --> 01:06:41,401
Nap�. zde m��ete vid�t,
jak byla �ula patrn� otes�na,...
970
01:06:41,551 --> 01:06:46,023
...aby tvarem odpov�dala star��mu
zv�tral�mu povrchu v�pence.
971
01:06:46,173 --> 01:06:49,525
Tato dvoustup�ov� v�stavba
chr�mu Sfingy,...
972
01:06:49,675 --> 01:06:54,008
...a tak� �doln�ho chr�mu,
na m� ud�lala velk� dojem...
973
01:06:54,158 --> 01:06:57,487
...p�i m� prvn� n�v�t�v� Egypta
a vedlo mne to k p�esv�d�en�,...
974
01:06:57,637 --> 01:07:00,793
...�e stoj� za to v tomto
projektu pokra�ovat.
975
01:07:01,623 --> 01:07:05,730
Kdy� Chefr�novi kamen�ci d�vali t�mto
dv�ma chr�m�m novou fas�du,...
976
01:07:05,880 --> 01:07:08,037
...pot�ebovali prostor k pr�ci.
977
01:07:08,187 --> 01:07:11,268
Otesali v�pencovou sk�lu, ��m�
vznikla svisl� st�na.
978
01:07:11,418 --> 01:07:16,809
Tato vertik�ln� st�na vypad� tak, jak
p�vodn� vypadaly st�ny obklopuj�c� Sfingu.
979
01:07:16,959 --> 01:07:22,058
A tradi�n� egyptologov� tvrd�, �e tato
st�na byla vytes�na ve stejnou dobu,...
980
01:07:22,208 --> 01:07:24,496
...jako st�ny ohrani�uj�c�
Sfingu...
981
01:07:24,646 --> 01:07:28,602
...a tak� ve stejn� �as jako tato st�na,
kter� je ze stejn�ho materi�lu.
982
01:07:28,752 --> 01:07:30,923
Toto je st�na
Chr�mu Sfingy.
983
01:07:31,073 --> 01:07:33,130
V�imn�te si, jak
je zv�tral�.
984
01:07:33,280 --> 01:07:35,846
Nen� to vlastn� ani cel�
ta p�vodn� eroze,...
985
01:07:35,996 --> 01:07:41,269
...nebo�, dle na�eho n�zoru, ��st z n� odsekali
d�vn� Egyp�an� p�i oprav� chr�mu.
986
01:07:41,419 --> 01:07:47,471
J� tedy tvrd�m, �e tato ze�
a tato p�kn� svisl� st�na zde...
987
01:07:47,621 --> 01:07:53,908
...plus st�ny obklopuj�c� Sfingu, zcela jasn�
nemohly b�t vytvo�eny ve stejnou dobu.
988
01:07:54,058 --> 01:07:59,419
Ty siln�ji zv�tral� zdi jsou jednozna�n�
star�� ne� tato svisl� st�na.
989
01:08:20,532 --> 01:08:24,316
Pr�v� jste vid�li v�sledky
17-let�ho v�zkumu.
990
01:08:24,466 --> 01:08:28,456
Abychom si mohli p�edstavit, jak tyto
nov� informace do sebe zapadaj�,...
991
01:08:28,606 --> 01:08:31,410
...vytvo�ili jsme po��ta�ovou
grafickou sekvenci,...
992
01:08:31,560 --> 01:08:34,517
...ilustruj�c� mo�n� p��b�h
�ivota Sfingy.
993
01:08:37,331 --> 01:08:40,370
Dlouho p�edt�m, ne� se
Egypt stal pou�t�,...
994
01:08:40,520 --> 01:08:43,766
...byla planina G�za
�rodnou savanou.
995
01:08:44,270 --> 01:08:50,599
Na �pln�m okraji t�to planiny byl
velk� p��rodn� skalnat� v��n�lek.
996
01:08:51,312 --> 01:08:54,690
Skupina socha�� vyu�ila jeho
n�padnou polohu...
997
01:08:54,840 --> 01:08:58,365
...a vytesala z t�to sk�ly
gigantickou tv��.
998
01:09:05,476 --> 01:09:08,483
P�vodn� to mohla
b�t tv�� lva.
999
01:09:08,633 --> 01:09:11,462
Nebo mo�n�
tv�� Boha.
1000
01:09:12,284 --> 01:09:14,610
Nebo obli�ej
kr�lovny.
1001
01:09:16,938 --> 01:09:20,779
Aby vytvo�ili lv� t�lo,
vyl�mali bloky p�skovce,...
1002
01:09:20,929 --> 01:09:24,148
...��m� vzniklo ohrani�en�
kolem Sfingy.
1003
01:09:24,298 --> 01:09:28,794
Tyto obrovsk� kv�dry byly n�jak
p�em�st�ny a zdvi�eny na sv� m�sto...
1004
01:09:28,944 --> 01:09:32,593
...a tak vznikl Chr�m Sfingy
a �doln� chr�m.
1005
01:09:32,743 --> 01:09:35,125
�as plynul.
1006
01:09:35,275 --> 01:09:38,923
Zm�na po�as� p�inesla
do oblasti prudk� de�t�...
1007
01:09:39,073 --> 01:09:41,778
...oznamuj�c� konec
doby ledov�.
1008
01:09:41,928 --> 01:09:47,257
De�t� Sfingu naru�ily eroz� prakticky
do stavu, v jak�m je dnes.
1009
01:09:47,776 --> 01:09:52,386
Mohla by to b�t ona velk�
potopa popisovan� v Bibli?
1010
01:09:54,415 --> 01:09:56,372
Kdy� de�t� ustaly,...
1011
01:09:56,522 --> 01:10:01,678
...stala se rozlehl�, d��ve �rodn�
savana Saharskou pou�t�.
1012
01:10:03,245 --> 01:10:09,421
V�trem un�en� p�sek zaplnil siln� zv�tral�
okol� sochy a poh�bil ji a� po krk.
1013
01:10:09,571 --> 01:10:15,430
Tento tlust� pokryv p�sku chr�nil
Sfingu p�ed dal�� eroz� po tis�ce let.
1014
01:10:16,999 --> 01:10:20,949
Ale co tv��? T�m�� jist� byla
znovu vytes�na.
1015
01:10:21,099 --> 01:10:23,466
Mo�n� n�kolikr�t.
1016
01:10:23,794 --> 01:10:27,532
Proto�e nebylo nalezeno nic,
co by Sfingu identifikovalo,...
1017
01:10:27,682 --> 01:10:31,256
...mo�n� se nikdy nedozv�me,
koho m�la p�edstavovat.
1018
01:10:31,406 --> 01:10:34,831
Za vl�dy fara�na Chefr�na
byla Sfinga odkryta...
1019
01:10:34,981 --> 01:10:38,269
...a za�ala prvn�
z mnoha oprav.
1020
01:10:38,555 --> 01:10:40,889
�as plynul.
1021
01:10:41,275 --> 01:10:44,310
Sfingu znovu
z�skala pou��.
1022
01:10:44,460 --> 01:10:50,151
O tis�c let pozd�ji velkou sochu op�t
odkryl a opravil fara�n Tuthmose IV.
1023
01:10:50,301 --> 01:10:55,699
Tento cyklus se p��t�ch 3.500 let
opakoval n�kolikr�t.
1024
01:10:56,426 --> 01:11:00,327
O tom, jak Sfinga p�i�la o nos,
existuje mnoho p��b�h�.
1025
01:11:00,477 --> 01:11:04,254
N�kter� legendy tvrd�, �e to
ud�lala Napoleonova arm�da.
1026
01:11:04,404 --> 01:11:07,909
Jin� ��kaj�, �e jsou t�m vinni
arab�t� d�lost�elci.
1027
01:11:08,059 --> 01:11:11,992
Podle d�vnov�k�ch pravidel bylo
mo�n� zab�t ducha sochy t�m,...
1028
01:11:12,142 --> 01:11:14,363
...�e se zni��
jej� nos.
1029
01:11:14,513 --> 01:11:18,296
Av�ak duch t�to velkolep�
sochy �ije d�l.
1030
01:11:21,289 --> 01:11:24,865
Po��ta�ov� rekonstrukce,
kterou jsme pr�v� vid�li,...
1031
01:11:25,015 --> 01:11:28,899
...zn�zor�uje historii Sfingy podle
Dr. Schocha a Johna Westa.
1032
01:11:29,049 --> 01:11:32,658
Nezab�v� se v�ak ot�zkou,
kdo Sfingu postavil.
1033
01:11:33,054 --> 01:11:36,059
�ekl bych, �e n� po��te�n�
v�zkum u Sfingy...
1034
01:11:36,209 --> 01:11:39,121
...byl z n�kolika pohled�
velmi �sp�n�.
1035
01:11:39,271 --> 01:11:42,195
Jednak jsme z�skali konkr�tn�
obhajiteln� �daje...
1036
01:11:42,345 --> 01:11:46,091
...o m��e a povaze zv�tr�n�
v�pence kolem Sfingy,...
1037
01:11:46,241 --> 01:11:49,422
...z nich� v�echny podporuj�
teorie Boba Schocha.
1038
01:11:49,572 --> 01:11:53,605
Pro mne je v�ak je�t� v�ce
vzru�uj�c� a zaj�mav�...
1039
01:11:53,755 --> 01:11:59,733
...ne�ekan� objev n�kolika velk�ch
dutin kolem Sfingy a pod n�.
1040
01:12:00,839 --> 01:12:05,798
Toto je dost velk� dutina
o rozm�rech asi 9 x 12 metr�.
1041
01:12:05,948 --> 01:12:08,496
Le�� v hloubce
necel�ch 5 metr�.
1042
01:12:08,646 --> 01:12:15,562
Takov�to pravo�hl� pravideln� tvar
nemaj� dutiny p��rodn�ho p�vodu.
1043
01:12:15,712 --> 01:12:19,239
To tedy nazna�uje, �e by mohla
b�t vytvo�en� �lov�kem.
1044
01:12:19,389 --> 01:12:21,171
Vytvo�en� �lov�kem?
1045
01:12:21,171 --> 01:12:24,337
To je velmi zaj�mav�.
Zapamatujte si to na chvilku.
1046
01:12:24,487 --> 01:12:29,355
Existuje mnoho p�edpov�d�, jakou roli
bude Sfinga hr�t v na�� budoucnosti.
1047
01:12:29,505 --> 01:12:32,864
Jedna z nejp�sobiv�j��ch
byla od tohoto mu�e:
1048
01:12:33,014 --> 01:12:37,782
Edgar Cayce se proslavil uprost�ed 40. let
jako americk� "Sp�c� prorok".
1049
01:12:37,932 --> 01:12:42,913
Cayce v hlubok�m transu vyjevoval
detailn� informace o star�m Egypt�.
1050
01:12:43,063 --> 01:12:48,673
P�ed 50 lety Cayce p�edpov�d�l, �e pod
p�edn�mi tlapami Sfingy bude nalezena komora.
1051
01:12:48,823 --> 01:12:52,315
�ekl, �e tato komora bude obsahovat
z�znamy o civilizaci,...
1052
01:12:52,465 --> 01:12:55,596
...kter� inspirovala celou
egyptskou kulturu.
1053
01:12:55,746 --> 01:12:58,723
Tuto civilizaci nazval
"Atlantis".
1054
01:12:58,873 --> 01:13:03,599
Podle Cayceho byli Atlan�an�
technologicky vysp�lou spole�nost�,...
1055
01:13:03,749 --> 01:13:07,684
...a utekli do Egypta, kdy� se jejich
kontinent potopil do oce�nu...
1056
01:13:07,834 --> 01:13:09,620
...a nav�dy
se ztratil.
1057
01:13:09,770 --> 01:13:12,748
Fantazie?
Bujn� sny?
1058
01:13:13,337 --> 01:13:14,817
Mo�n�.
1059
01:13:14,967 --> 01:13:18,165
Av�ak ony ne�ekan� dutiny
odhalen� seizmografem...
1060
01:13:18,315 --> 01:13:22,026
...byly lokalizov�ny p�esn� tam,
kde Edgar Cayce �ekl, �e budou.
1061
01:13:22,176 --> 01:13:24,984
Pod p�edn�mi tlapami
velk� Sfingy.
1062
01:13:25,134 --> 01:13:28,191
Seizmografu se
sny nezdaj�.
1063
01:13:33,076 --> 01:13:35,927
Jestli�e �ekov� byli
inspirov�ni Egyp�any...
1064
01:13:36,077 --> 01:13:39,589
...a Egyp�an� byli inspirov�ni
mytologick�mi Atlan�any,...
1065
01:13:39,739 --> 01:13:42,387
...kdo potom inspiroval
Atlan�any?
1066
01:13:42,537 --> 01:13:45,636
Jedna z nejv�ce neobvykl�ch
a zaj�mav�ch my�lenek,...
1067
01:13:45,786 --> 01:13:48,282
...s nimi� jsem se setkal
p�i sv�m v�zkumu,...
1068
01:13:48,432 --> 01:13:51,467
...je mo�n� spojen� Sfingy
s planetou Mars.
1069
01:13:53,894 --> 01:13:58,246
Roku 1976 poslala NASA k Marsu
dv� vesm�rn� lod� Viking...
1070
01:13:58,396 --> 01:14:02,486
...aby planetu vyfotily a
ov��ily p��tomnost �ivota.
1071
01:14:02,504 --> 01:14:06,188
Dv� z t�chto fotografi�
ukazuj� velk� lidsk� obli�ej...
1072
01:14:06,338 --> 01:14:09,766
...doprov�zen� impozantn�mi
5-strann�mi pyramidami.
1073
01:14:09,916 --> 01:14:13,730
N�kte�� obli�ej naz�vaj�
Marsovskou Sfingou.
1074
01:14:14,606 --> 01:14:19,741
Tyto n�lezy byly p�edstaveny v OSN
na setk�n� s v�dci a novin��i.
1075
01:14:21,295 --> 01:14:25,073
Zde je v��atek z t�to prezentace
Richarda C. Hoaglanda -
1076
01:14:25,223 --> 01:14:29,645
...v�deck�ho spisovatele a dr�itele Angstromova
vyznamen�n� za dokonalost ve v�d�...
1077
01:14:29,795 --> 01:14:31,620
...je� obdr�el za
v�zkum Marsu.
1078
01:14:32,624 --> 01:14:37,811
A v roce 1976 b�hem mise "Viking"
na Mars bez lidsk� pos�dky...
1079
01:14:37,961 --> 01:14:40,024
...kde se vzala,
tu se vzala...
1080
01:14:40,174 --> 01:14:43,594
...na sn�mku 35872
po��zen�ho odpoledne...
1081
01:14:43,744 --> 01:14:47,201
...na severn� pou�ti Marsu
zvan� Cydonia..
1082
01:14:47,351 --> 01:14:52,180
My, lidstvo, NASA,
Spojen� st�ty americk�,...
1083
01:14:52,330 --> 01:14:55,321
...ameri�t� ob�an�, kte��
misi zaplatili...
1084
01:14:55,471 --> 01:15:01,017
...spat�ili a pov�imli si jist�ho z�hadn�ho
artefaktu, kter� tam nepat�il.
1085
01:15:01,645 --> 01:15:04,521
Takzvan� Tv��e
na Marsu.
1086
01:15:04,671 --> 01:15:07,233
V n�sleduj�c�ch letech
se toho hodn� stalo,...
1087
01:15:07,383 --> 01:15:09,814
...ale j� v�m chci uk�zat
p�vodn� data,...
1088
01:15:09,964 --> 01:15:12,448
...abyste vid�li, jak daleko
jsme se dostali.
1089
01:15:12,598 --> 01:15:15,108
Proto�e samoz�ejm�
ofici�ln� reakce,...
1090
01:15:15,258 --> 01:15:19,068
...kdy� byla fotografie poprv�
p�edstavena m�di�m a sv�tu,...
1091
01:15:19,218 --> 01:15:23,207
...byla, �e je to pouh�
klam sv�tla a st�n�.
1092
01:15:23,951 --> 01:15:30,305
N�sledoval v�zkum, n�jak� knihy,
videa, mnoho diskus�,...
1093
01:15:30,455 --> 01:15:32,821
...a dnes odpoledne
jsme zde.
1094
01:15:32,971 --> 01:15:40,562
Toto je po��ta�ov� zv�t�en� verze stejn�ho
obr�zku po��zen� o 15 �i 16 let pozd�ji.
1095
01:15:40,712 --> 01:15:43,910
V�imn�te si t� mimo��dn�
�rovn� detail�.
1096
01:15:44,060 --> 01:15:49,831
P���n� linie �ela, ozdobn� zvln�n�
lev� strana, n�znak zub� v �stech,...
1097
01:15:49,981 --> 01:15:52,274
...hluboko
usazen� o�i.
1098
01:15:52,424 --> 01:15:55,102
Ale kdybychom m�li
jen jedin� obr�zek,...
1099
01:15:55,252 --> 01:15:57,794
...nikdy bychom se
nedozv�d�li, zda --
1100
01:15:57,944 --> 01:16:00,717
-- jak NASA 16 let
vytrvale tvrd� --
1101
01:16:00,867 --> 01:16:04,844
...to byla pouze ta nej�chvatn�j�� iluze
zp�soben� eroz� na povrchu n�jak� planety,..
1102
01:16:04,994 --> 01:16:07,958
...nebo to ve skute�nosti
bylo n�co jin�ho.
1103
01:16:08,108 --> 01:16:12,337
K tomu je zapot�eb� dal��
soubor dat, jako je tento.
1104
01:16:12,393 --> 01:16:17,674
Toto je druh� sn�mek po��zen�
35 dn� po prvn�m.
1105
01:16:17,828 --> 01:16:21,896
A DiPietro a Molenaar -
dva odborn�ci na sn�mky...
1106
01:16:22,046 --> 01:16:24,513
...z Goddardova st�ediska
vesm�rn�ch let�,...
1107
01:16:24,663 --> 01:16:27,796
...se t�mto za�ali zab�vat hned
od po��tku v letech 1979 a 1980...
1108
01:16:27,946 --> 01:16:29,989
...a byli to oni,
ne NASA,...
1109
01:16:30,139 --> 01:16:33,757
...kdo pro�el v�ech 60.000
sn�mk� z Vikingu a archiv�...
1110
01:16:33,907 --> 01:16:36,123
...a na�li tento
obr�zek.
1111
01:16:36,273 --> 01:16:42,078
A p�i zpracov�n� se uk�zalo, �e tento objekt
je n�padn� oboustrann� symetrick�.
1112
01:16:42,228 --> 01:16:45,749
To znamen�, �e m� pravou
a levou polovinu.
1113
01:16:45,899 --> 01:16:50,637
Zd� se, �e m� dva o�n� d�lky,
�sta jdou nap���, okolo je linie vlas�,...
1114
01:16:50,787 --> 01:16:54,040
...je proporcion�ln� a
symetrick� asi z 95%.
1115
01:16:54,190 --> 01:16:59,003
Obli�eje, kter� vid�me v hor�ch
�i krajin� zde na Zemi,...
1116
01:16:59,153 --> 01:17:02,835
...jsou v�dy pohledy z
perspektivy �i z profilu,...
1117
01:17:02,985 --> 01:17:07,275
...tak�e kdy� se pohnete
o sto metr� d�l, obraz zmiz�.
1118
01:17:07,425 --> 01:17:12,327
Tento se li�� v tom, �e je to
pln� �eln� pohled na obli�ej,...
1119
01:17:12,477 --> 01:17:17,078
...jako byste se na sebe d�vali
do jak�hosi kosmick�ho zrcadla.
1120
01:17:17,228 --> 01:17:21,732
A mo�n�, �e to je v�sti�n� p�irovn�n�
k tomu, ��m to p�esn� m�lo b�t,...
1121
01:17:21,882 --> 01:17:26,351
...pokud bychom se n�kdy na �eb��ku
pokroku dostali a� k vesm�rn�m let�m,...
1122
01:17:26,501 --> 01:17:31,844
...cestovali k Marsu, pod�vali se dol�,
a spat�ili tu tv��, jak se d�v� nazp�t.
1123
01:17:31,994 --> 01:17:33,571
To uk�e �as.
1124
01:17:47,576 --> 01:17:53,817
Posledn�ch 9 let zu�� spor o tom, zda je tento
objekt skute�n� postaven�m v�tvorem.
1125
01:17:53,967 --> 01:17:57,637
Na�e pozornost se v�ak nyn�
za��n� posunovat jinam.
1126
01:17:57,787 --> 01:18:00,363
V�ce zkoum�me v�znam
tohoto objektu...
1127
01:18:00,513 --> 01:18:03,060
...v�etn� mo�n�ho
spojen� se Zem�.
1128
01:18:03,060 --> 01:18:06,137
Kl��em k na�emu zjevn� �sp�n�mu
�e�en� z�hady Cydonie,...
1129
01:18:06,287 --> 01:18:10,029
...co� je jm�no t� oblasti na Marsu,
kde Viking poprv� vyfotil Tv��,...
1130
01:18:10,179 --> 01:18:13,138
...se nakonec v�bec
nestala ona Tv��,...
1131
01:18:13,288 --> 01:18:16,607
...ale 3,2 km dlouh�, 800 m vysok�
5-tistrann� pyramida...
1132
01:18:16,757 --> 01:18:18,619
...le��c� n�kolik
km d�le.
1133
01:18:18,769 --> 01:18:21,833
Byl to Erol Torun, �len na�eho t�mu
zap�j�en� z Defense Mapping Agency,...
1134
01:18:21,983 --> 01:18:23,665
...kdo rozlu�til
k�d.
1135
01:18:23,815 --> 01:18:29,048
Proto�e Torun p�i m��en� vnit�n�
geometrie D&M pyramidy zjistil,...
1136
01:18:29,198 --> 01:18:32,583
...�e obsahuje ohromuj�c�
geometrickou strukturu...
1137
01:18:32,733 --> 01:18:35,289
...se z�kladn�mi matematick�mi
konstantami,...
1138
01:18:35,439 --> 01:18:41,097
...kter� ve vesm�ru znamenaj�
p��tomnost inteligence.
1139
01:18:41,247 --> 01:18:43,564
Toto je Sfinga.
1140
01:18:43,714 --> 01:18:48,889
D�v�me se na stavbu, velkolep�
monument�ln� um�leck� d�lo,...
1141
01:18:49,039 --> 01:18:52,683
...vytvo�en� v dob�,
kdy na planet� Zemi...
1142
01:18:52,833 --> 01:18:57,182
...nikdo nem�l b�t schopen n�co
tohoto rozsahu a velikosti ud�lat.
1143
01:18:57,332 --> 01:19:00,808
Nen� ��dn� novodob� civilizace,
na kterou bychom to mohli hodit.
1144
01:19:00,958 --> 01:19:02,906
Kdo to tedy
ud�lal?
1145
01:19:03,056 --> 01:19:06,406
A ne� �eknete, �e Mar�ani, tak
jen se�te a poslouchejte, ano?
1146
01:19:06,556 --> 01:19:08,400
Sem v�s
dostat nechci.
1147
01:19:08,550 --> 01:19:12,483
Rigor�zn� v�da se
nyn� otev�ela tomu,...
1148
01:19:12,633 --> 01:19:17,314
...�emu se mysl�m v hant�rce ��k�
"to hrozn� slovo na A".
1149
01:19:17,464 --> 01:19:19,435
Atlantis.
1150
01:19:20,347 --> 01:19:24,759
Je mysliteln�, �e m�ty, je� se
dochovaly d�ky Plat�novi,...
1151
01:19:24,909 --> 01:19:28,592
...hovo��c� o d��v�j��
vysp�l� civilizaci...
1152
01:19:28,742 --> 01:19:31,636
...schopn� d�lat v�ci
jako je tato,...
1153
01:19:31,786 --> 01:19:34,545
...mo�n� nejsou
pouh� m�ty?
1154
01:19:34,695 --> 01:19:42,000
Ale �e vlastn� vid�me alespo� jeden
p�e��vaj�c� velmi star� v�tvor,...
1155
01:19:42,150 --> 01:19:44,802
...na kter� si
m��ete s�hnout,...
1156
01:19:44,952 --> 01:19:49,261
...poch�zej�c� z t�ch lep��ch dn�, kdy jsme
dok�zali d�lat v�ci, jak� ji� neum�me.
1157
01:19:49,411 --> 01:19:54,008
N�co nepochopiteln�ho zachytilo
d��v�j�� obli�ej v lidsk�ch d�jin�ch,...
1158
01:19:54,158 --> 01:20:00,329
...a zanechalo monument, kter� v ur�it�
podob� zaznamenal ozv�nu toho sign�lu.
1159
01:20:00,479 --> 01:20:06,422
Z�kladn�m vzorem pro Sfingu je
toto propojen� lva a �lov�ka.
1160
01:20:06,572 --> 01:20:13,201
Za�ali jsme v�n� zkoumat mo�nost,
�e mezi touto �chvatnou stavbou...
1161
01:20:13,351 --> 01:20:18,997
...a monumenty na Marsu je v�ce
ne� jen n�hodn� souvislost.
1162
01:20:19,147 --> 01:20:20,873
Pod�vejte.
1163
01:20:21,173 --> 01:20:24,749
Kdy� provedete r�zn�
vylep�en� obrazu...
1164
01:20:24,899 --> 01:20:27,028
- toto je zv��en�
slune�n� z��e -
1165
01:20:27,178 --> 01:20:29,307
...m��ete si
v�imnout,...
1166
01:20:29,457 --> 01:20:32,538
...�e tento chlap�k m� opi��,
pra-lidsk� vzhled.
1167
01:20:32,688 --> 01:20:37,491
Potom vezmete polovinu sn�mku
a p�elo��te ji p�es druhou.
1168
01:20:37,641 --> 01:20:42,689
P�elo��te jednu p�es druhou,
tak�e z�sk�te zrcadlov� obraz,...
1169
01:20:42,839 --> 01:20:46,037
...a zcela ur�it� jde o
primitivn�ho hominida.
1170
01:20:46,037 --> 01:20:48,468
Nen� to Marylin Monroe
ani Paul Newman.
1171
01:20:48,618 --> 01:20:50,818
Pro� je to primitivn�
hominid?
1172
01:20:50,968 --> 01:20:53,128
M��e to m�t n�co
spole�n�ho s t�m,...
1173
01:20:53,278 --> 01:20:55,235
...jak star� si mysl�me, �e
tato v�c asi je?
1174
01:20:55,385 --> 01:20:57,810
P�ibli�n� 500.000 let.
1175
01:20:57,883 --> 01:20:59,382
Zapamatujte si to.
1176
01:20:59,532 --> 01:21:03,806
Pot� se vr�t�me k
p�vodn�mu obr�zku...
1177
01:21:03,956 --> 01:21:09,184
...a vezmeme pravou polovinu
a ud�l�me tot�, p�ehneme ji.
1178
01:21:09,334 --> 01:21:11,884
A z�sk�me toto.
1179
01:21:17,709 --> 01:21:22,553
A m� opravdu t�� va�e reakce
proto�e m�m p�esn� stejn� pocit.
1180
01:21:22,703 --> 01:21:24,981
M�m z toho
hus� k��i.
1181
01:21:25,131 --> 01:21:29,279
Kdy� jsem pochopil, �e to, co v
monumentu Tv��e na Marsu vid�me,...
1182
01:21:29,429 --> 01:21:33,986
...je f�ze hominida a
ko�kovit� �elmy...
1183
01:21:34,136 --> 01:21:43,110
...f�ze t�to osoby
s touto,...
1184
01:21:43,260 --> 01:21:46,380
...uv�domil jsem si,
�e to, co z�sk�me,...
1185
01:21:46,530 --> 01:21:49,649
...je samoz�ejm�
Sfinga.
1186
01:21:49,799 --> 01:21:53,478
Doslovn� zt�lesn�n� Sfingy
ve dvou sv�tech...
1187
01:21:53,628 --> 01:22:00,131
...spojen� z�kladn�mi konstantami v
Cydonii znovu a znovu.
1188
01:22:13,136 --> 01:22:17,134
Ty nejuzn�van�j�� my�lenky
b�v� nejt잚� vyvr�tit.
1189
01:22:17,284 --> 01:22:19,785
Zdaj� se tak
samoz�ejm�.
1190
01:22:19,935 --> 01:22:22,018
Zem� je
placat�!
1191
01:22:22,168 --> 01:22:24,243
�lov�k nem��e
l�tat!
1192
01:22:24,393 --> 01:22:27,630
Lid� nikdy nebudou
chodit po M�s�ci!
1193
01:22:28,783 --> 01:22:35,437
Alespo� pro mne je ten n�pad
pod�vat se na Zemi z hlubok�ho vesm�ru...
1194
01:22:35,587 --> 01:22:38,450
...a spat�it ji v nov�
perspektiv�,...
1195
01:22:38,600 --> 01:22:43,267
...tou nejhlub�� zku�enost�
z cel�ho vesm�rn�ho programu.
1196
01:22:44,140 --> 01:22:46,843
Dr. Edgar Mitchel,
b�val� astronaut,...
1197
01:22:46,993 --> 01:22:50,507
...byl jedn�m z m�la lid�,
kte�� chodili po M�s�ci.
1198
01:22:50,913 --> 01:22:55,179
P��kladem toho, jak
se m�n� my�len�,...
1199
01:22:55,329 --> 01:22:58,681
...je klasick� p��pad, kter�
za�al u Kopernika.
1200
01:22:58,831 --> 01:23:01,586
Kdy� Kopernik zpochybnil
st�vaj�c� n�zory,...
1201
01:23:01,736 --> 01:23:03,830
...�e se cel� obloha
pohybuje kolem Zem�,...
1202
01:23:03,980 --> 01:23:06,731
...kter� je st�edem
stvo�en�,...
1203
01:23:06,881 --> 01:23:10,511
- a jeho pozorov�n� uk�zala,
�e to nen� pravda -
1204
01:23:10,661 --> 01:23:15,307
...tak vytvo�il heliocentrickou
teorii, kter� ��k�...
1205
01:23:15,457 --> 01:23:18,873
...�e v�echny planety
ob�haj� kolem Slunce.
1206
01:23:19,023 --> 01:23:21,915
A to bylo v t� dob�
rozhodn� odm�t�no.
1207
01:23:22,065 --> 01:23:24,051
Kopernik byl na�t�st�
rozumn�...
1208
01:23:24,201 --> 01:23:27,591
...a nezpochybnil st�vaj�c� syst�m,
dokud nebyl nad hrobem...
1209
01:23:27,741 --> 01:23:30,970
...a zve�ejn�no to vlastn�
bylo a� po jeho smrti.
1210
01:23:31,120 --> 01:23:34,695
Pak Galileo p�i�el s
dalekohledem a vid�l,...
1211
01:23:34,845 --> 01:23:39,552
...jak planety ob�haj� podobn�, jako
M�s�c ob�h� kolem Zem�...
1212
01:23:39,702 --> 01:23:44,730
...a �ekl, �e Kopernik m�l mo�n� pravdu
a Zem� ob�h� kolem Slunce.
1213
01:23:44,880 --> 01:23:49,758
Tehdej�� autority se nane�t�st� necht�ly
ani pod�vat do Galileova dalekohledu.
1214
01:23:49,908 --> 01:23:52,760
Byly naprosto p�esv�d�en�,
�e znaj� odpov��,...
1215
01:23:52,910 --> 01:23:55,969
...ani� by zkoumaly
nov� d�kazy.
1216
01:23:57,245 --> 01:24:01,297
Jestli�e geologick� a
datovac� d�kazy nazna�uj�...
1217
01:24:01,447 --> 01:24:04,774
...�e je Sfinga mnohem star��,
ne� jsme dosud v��ili,...
1218
01:24:04,924 --> 01:24:08,121
...vzbuzuje to zna�n�
pochybnosti...
1219
01:24:08,271 --> 01:24:13,457
...ohledn� na�� p�edstavy o tom,
jak se lidstvo vyvinulo...
1220
01:24:13,607 --> 01:24:16,517
...b�hem posledn�ch
100.000 let.
1221
01:24:16,667 --> 01:24:20,335
Jestli�e geologick� a
datovac� d�kazy nazna�uj�...
1222
01:24:20,485 --> 01:24:24,320
...�e je Sfinga mnohem star��,
ne� jsme dosud v��ili,...
1223
01:24:24,470 --> 01:24:28,337
...vzbuzuje to zna�n�
pochybnosti...
1224
01:24:28,487 --> 01:24:32,791
...ohledn� na�� p�edstavy o tom,
jak se lidstvo vyvinulo...
1225
01:24:32,941 --> 01:24:35,581
...b�hem posledn�ch
100.000 let.
1226
01:24:35,731 --> 01:24:39,147
Co� jsou tak� siln�
zako�en�n� n�zory.
1227
01:24:39,297 --> 01:24:42,851
Je-li tedy prok�z�no,
�e je Sfinga mnohem star��,...
1228
01:24:43,001 --> 01:24:45,415
...vzbuzuje to
velk� otazn�k,...
1229
01:24:45,565 --> 01:24:51,283
...jak� vysp�l� civilizace to mohla
existovat, �e vytvo�ila tento monument.
1230
01:24:51,733 --> 01:24:54,805
Prost� neexistuje ani
jedin� n�znak d�kazu,...
1231
01:24:54,955 --> 01:24:58,991
...kter� by p�edlo�il
jedin� egyptolog,...
1232
01:24:59,141 --> 01:25:03,406
...jen� by nazna�oval, �e zde
byla jak�koli vysp�l� kultura...
1233
01:25:03,556 --> 01:25:06,131
...v p�ed-dynastick�m
obdob�.
1234
01:25:06,281 --> 01:25:09,325
Mohli jsme ho p�ehl�dnout?
Jist�, �e mohli.
1235
01:25:09,475 --> 01:25:12,681
Mn� tak� mohou nar�st k��dla
a ve�er m��u odlet�t dom�.
1236
01:25:12,831 --> 01:25:15,585
Ale mysl�m, �e je to
stejn� pravd�podobn�,...
1237
01:25:15,735 --> 01:25:20,182
...jako �e bychom p�ehl�dli d�kaz
o takto vysp�l� kultu�e.
1238
01:25:20,332 --> 01:25:24,045
Mus�te m�t na pam�ti, �e archeologov�
nejsou n�co jako Indiana Jones...
1239
01:25:24,195 --> 01:25:29,344
...s lukost��ly a n�lo�emi dynamitu -
o �em� n�s p�esv�d�uj� ty filmy.
1240
01:25:29,494 --> 01:25:33,506
Jsou to velmi
pe�liv� pracovn�ci,...
1241
01:25:33,656 --> 01:25:40,161
...kte�� p�eced� ka�d� kous��ek
materi�lu poch�zej�c� ze zem�.
1242
01:25:40,311 --> 01:25:44,413
Nepou��vaj� krump��e a lopaty,
ale �t�tce a skalpely,...
1243
01:25:44,563 --> 01:25:48,610
...aby se�kr�bali hl�nu a
prozkoumali, co je pod n�.
1244
01:25:48,760 --> 01:25:53,746
Mluv�te tu o obrovsk� pe�livosti,
s jakou archeologov� pracuj�...
1245
01:25:53,896 --> 01:25:59,827
...a j� velice pochybuji, �e
ty stovky a tis�ce egyptolog�,...
1246
01:25:59,977 --> 01:26:04,235
...kte�� �ekn�me od roku 1880
pracovali v �dol� Nilu,...
1247
01:26:04,385 --> 01:26:07,735
...by p�ehl�dli by� jedin�
kousek d�kazu...
1248
01:26:07,885 --> 01:26:11,396
...takov� �dajn�
d��v�j�� civilizace.
1249
01:26:11,519 --> 01:26:17,586
Mnoz� archeologov� a egyptologov�
velmi odporuj� m�m n�zor�m.
1250
01:26:17,736 --> 01:26:21,015
Jsou-li m� zji�t�n� v rozporu
s jejich teoriemi,...
1251
01:26:21,165 --> 01:26:27,345
...mo�n� nastal �as, aby p�ehodnotili
sv� teorie o p�vodu civilizace.
1252
01:26:27,495 --> 01:26:32,429
J� ne��k�m, �e Sfingu postavili Atlan�an�,
nebo lid� z Marsu, �i mimozem��an�.
1253
01:26:32,579 --> 01:26:36,206
Jen sleduji v�du tam,
kam m� vede.
1254
01:26:36,356 --> 01:26:40,525
A ona m� vede k z�v�ru, �e
Sfinga byla postavena...
1255
01:26:40,675 --> 01:26:44,372
...mnohem d��ve, ne� se
dosud myslelo.
1256
01:26:45,420 --> 01:26:49,055
M�li jsme se Schochem
p��telskou debatu o st��� Sfingy.
1257
01:26:49,205 --> 01:26:53,324
Schoch se dr�� data
5.000 - 7.000 p�. Kr....
1258
01:26:53,474 --> 01:26:58,629
...co� je nejkonzervativn�j�� n�zor,
jak� umo��uj� dostupn� data.
1259
01:26:58,779 --> 01:27:04,861
J� si z nejr�zn�j��ch intuitivn�ch i v�deck�ch
d�vod� mysl�m, �e je daleko star��.
1260
01:27:05,011 --> 01:27:10,889
Schoch ani s t�mhle nem� probl�m, ale d�v�
p�ednost tomu nejkonzervativn�j��mu n�zoru.
1261
01:27:11,039 --> 01:27:14,804
Domn�v�m se, �e a� n�m
izotopick� anal�za...
1262
01:27:14,954 --> 01:27:17,744
...a dal�� oblasti, v
nich� pracujeme,...
1263
01:27:17,779 --> 01:27:22,524
...poskytnou data, kter�
pova�ujeme za spolehliv�,...
1264
01:27:22,674 --> 01:27:25,898
...tak to st��� bude skute�n�
velmi vysok�.
1265
01:27:26,048 --> 01:27:28,340
Mysl�m, �e v�ce ne�
10.000 p�. Kr.,...
1266
01:27:28,490 --> 01:27:31,199
...a sp�e v�ce ne�
15.000 p�. Kr....
1267
01:27:31,349 --> 01:27:34,073
...a nep�ekvapilo by m�, kdyby
to bylo je�t� daleko v�c.
1268
01:27:34,223 --> 01:27:37,193
Opravdu v���m, �e a�
zjist�me st���,...
1269
01:27:37,343 --> 01:27:41,551
...bude to tak �okuj�c�, �e
t�m �daj�m nikdo neuv���.
1270
01:27:42,656 --> 01:27:46,029
West se sv�m t�mem p�edlo�ili
nov� p�esv�d�iv� d�kazy,...
1271
01:27:46,179 --> 01:27:48,515
...�e Sfinga zv�trala
vlivem de�t�.
1272
01:27:48,665 --> 01:27:51,833
Dokazuje to tedy, �e Sfinga se
sv�m chr�mov�m komplexem...
1273
01:27:51,983 --> 01:27:54,692
...je o tis�ce let star��,
ne� n�m ��k� d�jepis?
1274
01:27:54,842 --> 01:27:58,469
Geologie ��k�, �e ano.
My v�ak pot�ebujeme v�ce d�kaz�.
1275
01:27:58,619 --> 01:28:01,662
Ned�vno se objevily
v�deck� metody,...
1276
01:28:01,812 --> 01:28:05,886
...kter� by mohly vrhnout nov� sv�tlo
na tajemn� dutiny pod Sfingou.
1277
01:28:06,036 --> 01:28:10,106
West se sv�m t�mem nyn� �ekaj�
na pozv�n� egyptsk� vl�dy...
1278
01:28:10,256 --> 01:28:13,093
...aby ve sv�m v�zkumu
pokra�ovali.
1279
01:28:13,683 --> 01:28:17,447
Co na t�to legend�rn�
str�kyni svatyn�...
1280
01:28:17,597 --> 01:28:20,437
...tak vytrvale fascinuje
lidstvo?
1281
01:28:20,987 --> 01:28:25,552
V�te, Sfinga je jednou z
nejzn�m�j��ch soch sv�ta.
1282
01:28:25,702 --> 01:28:27,784
Ka�d� ji zn�.
1283
01:28:27,934 --> 01:28:30,195
Je to jist�
symbol Egypta,...
1284
01:28:30,345 --> 01:28:35,212
...a mysl�m, �e je to symbol
z�had a tajemstv�.
1285
01:28:35,362 --> 01:28:38,656
Na Sfinze je n�co
velmi magick�ho...
1286
01:28:38,806 --> 01:28:41,715
...a mysl�m, �e ka�d�, kdo
se na jej� podobu d�v�,...
1287
01:28:41,865 --> 01:28:43,956
...toto tajemstv�
a kouzlo c�t�.
1288
01:28:44,106 --> 01:28:47,474
J� jsem typick� v�decky
kritick� in�en�r -
1289
01:28:47,624 --> 01:28:50,463
- m�m r�d sv� data,
r�d si s nimi hraji,...
1290
01:28:50,613 --> 01:28:52,769
...a r�d zji��uji,
co mi ��kaj�,...
1291
01:28:52,919 --> 01:28:57,373
...a star�m se, aby to, co vytv���m,
byl ten nejlep�� mo�n� produkt.
1292
01:28:57,523 --> 01:29:03,055
A te� si vezm�te, �e by �ekn�me n�co
takov�ho, co jsem d�lal s tou palic�...
1293
01:29:03,205 --> 01:29:05,565
...a sna�il se p�i tom vyh�bat
velbloud�m a kon�m,...
1294
01:29:05,715 --> 01:29:09,846
...mohlo m�t n�jak� vliv na to,
jak se sv�t d�v� na sv� d�jiny -
1295
01:29:09,996 --> 01:29:13,579
- to je trochu neuv��iteln�. S t�m
jsem se zat�m �pln� nevyrovnal.
1296
01:29:14,047 --> 01:29:18,101
Ka�d� v�dn� obor pracuje
s vlastn�m paradigmatem.
1297
01:29:18,251 --> 01:29:20,280
A my jim d�l�me
probl�my.
1298
01:29:20,430 --> 01:29:23,306
D�v�me se na tento probl�m
z nov� perspektivy,
1299
01:29:23,456 --> 01:29:26,236
...a nab�z�me jist� nov� a
odli�n� odpov�di,...
1300
01:29:26,386 --> 01:29:29,876
...kter� mo�n� pro v�deckou
instituci nejsou pohodln�.
1301
01:29:30,026 --> 01:29:32,228
Sm��ujeme k
p�eps�n� d�jin...
1302
01:29:32,378 --> 01:29:36,162
...a d�kazy ur�it� ukazuj�, �e teorie
Johna Westa je spr�vn�.
1303
01:29:37,539 --> 01:29:42,606
Star�� Sfinga by drasticky zm�nila n�
sou�asn� n�zor na ran� d�jiny lidstva.
1304
01:29:42,756 --> 01:29:46,347
Jsme d�dici bohat��ho d�dictv�,
ne� o jak�m jsme kdy snili?
1305
01:29:46,497 --> 01:29:52,974
Po civilizaci nikoli lovc� a sb�ra��,
ale velk�ch um�lc�, architekt� a v�dc�?
1306
01:29:53,124 --> 01:29:55,920
Po civilizaci, je� ovl�dala
technologie,...
1307
01:29:56,070 --> 01:29:59,313
...kter�m zat�m nerozum�me
a nedok�eme je napodobit?
1308
01:29:59,463 --> 01:30:02,490
Mo�n� zde Egyp�an�
byli ji� p�ed potopou.
1309
01:30:02,640 --> 01:30:05,620
N�kdo si mysl�, �e to
byli Atlan�an�.
1310
01:30:05,803 --> 01:30:08,408
Av�ak a� to
byl kdokoli,...
1311
01:30:08,558 --> 01:30:12,523
...Sfinga zde stoj� jako n�m�
sv�dectv� o jejich existenci.
1312
01:30:20,216 --> 01:30:22,908
sunyac@email.cz
1313
01:30:23,058 --> 01:30:25,618
www.titulky.com
129488
