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Gosh. OK...
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I'm glad this isn't live. (CHUCKLES)
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I'm, like, so not on today.
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INTERVIEWER: Can you just say
your name and pronounce it
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so nobody messes it up?
Sure, It's Mark Zuckerberg.
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How would you like to be identified?
Your title?
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Founder and CEO?
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I was a sophomore at Harvard
and we needed to- I guess...
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I've never really been asked
how the company was started before.
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(LAUGHTER)
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How does how did Facebook start?
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Um, now I'm all embarrassed.
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I was there,
right from the beginning,
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and Mark always carried himself
in a way that showed confidence.
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You launched Facebook
in your dorm room?Yeah.
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Have a 10 million dollar cheque
in your pocket
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probably does that to you.
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00:01:08,720 --> 00:01:11,640
Facebook is like the world's
largest media company in history.
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And one person, Mark Zuckerberg,
is its dictator.
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When I first joined, the founders
is on the cover of Time magazine,
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movies were being made,
and now you are being told
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you destroyed democracy.
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And then his worst nightmare,
the threat of regulation.
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Congress says they are going to
call for his head,
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they summon him, then he appears.
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REPORTER: Today could be
the biggest day
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of Mark Zuckerberg's entire career.
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The Facebook CEO is set to testify
before Congress this afternoon
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for the very first time.
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REPORTER: The lines out of the door,
Julia, I mean, it's insane.
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Its definitely very crowded,
it's our understanding
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that he arrived through the garage,
then an elevator upstairs
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and he avoided all of the cameras
that where trying to stake him out.
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00:02:02,200 --> 00:02:05,040
REPORTER: The stakes couldn't be
any higher for Zuckerberg
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after revelations
that the personal data
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of as many as 87 million users
was improperly obtained.
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REPORTER: Facebook really is
facing a crisis of trust.
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Mark, why hasn't anyone been
fired over this scandal?
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Mr Zuckerberg, is there
any regulation?
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00:02:19,200 --> 00:02:21,200
Are you putting privacy
over profits now?
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SENATOR: Mr Zuckerberg...
are you too powerful?
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Do you think you're too powerful?
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Today's hearing is extraordinary,
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but then Facebook
is pretty extraordinary.
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We're here because of what you,
Mr Zuckerberg,
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have described as a breach of trust.
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As you said, "This is not likely
to be an isolated incident.
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We are listening,
America is listening,
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and quite possibly,
the world is listening too.
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My top priority has always been
our social mission
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of connecting people, building
community
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and bringing the world
closer together.
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We have faced a number of important
issues around privacy,
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safety and democracy,
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before I talk about the steps we are
taking to address them,
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I want to talk about how we got here.
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Facebook is an idealistic and
optimistic company,
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for most of our existence...
(SPEECH FADES, STOPS)
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00:03:58,960 --> 00:04:01,680
You know, I was a tech journalist
for Fortune magazine.
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A PR person called me and said,
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"You know, Mark Zuckerberg is
coming to New York.
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Would you like to meet him?
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00:04:09,160 --> 00:04:12,480
My first instinct was, "Oh, this is
ridiculous. I'm wasting my time.
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This is a baby." He was so young.
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00:04:15,760 --> 00:04:18,560
I never had interviewed
someone that young before.
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But as soon as he started talking,
I settled down fast
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because he spoke with some of
the most visionary language
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that I had experienced
talking to anyone ever.
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I was sitting there talking to him
and said, "You know, I was thinking,
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maybe I should write a book
about your company."
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And he says, "Go for it."
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And I was like, "Holy shit, he
actually wants to cooperate."
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And that was too good of an
opportunity to pass up.
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He was one of four children.
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The only boy and his mother
called him the Prince.
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He was anointed even
within the family, in other words,
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and that shaped his worldview
tremendously.
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He went to one of the most
elite prep schools and thrived
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and triumphed there. And then,
of course, he got into Harvard.
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You know, Harvard is an anointment.
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You're feeling you have
unlimited possibilities.
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He really wanted to be noticed.
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He wanted to be the smartest kid on
campus. But Harvard is full of kids
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who were always the smartest kids
in their school.
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And so Mark Zuckerberg had to
find a way to get noticed.
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And he did that.
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Chair recognises the gentleman from
Missouri, Mr Long for 4 minutes.
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Thank you, Mr Chairman.
One question I would like to ask is,
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what was Facemash?
And is it still up and running?
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No congressman, Facesmash was
a prank website that I launched
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in college, in my dorm room.
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It's on page one, November 4 2003.
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"Hot or Not?
Website briefly judges looks."
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Which is a good headline.
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"Zuckerberg wrote a journal
published on the site itself,
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he wrote 'I need something to occupy
my mind, I just need an idea.'"
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It sort of spread across campus
that there were these rankings
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of the hottest students on
campus on Facemash.
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And everyone wanted to see the top
five hottest guys
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and the top five hottest girls.
And it was a unifying campus event.
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Everyone heard about it very
quickly all at once.
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And it was all we were
talking about.
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KIRKPATRICK: It was something he
just did for the fun, and then
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it got a little out of hand because
people liked it so much.
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It was sexist, it was juvenile.
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It did get him in trouble.
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I don't think he would have
probably been expelled,
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but he was called before
the disciplinary authorities
at the school.
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And that made him a celebrated
figure on campus.
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By the time he launched Facebook, he
was already like a famous innovator.
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So people wanted to know
what he was gonna do next.
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So, one night in February of 2004,
I'm sitting in my dorm room,
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and my roommate comes in,
and she shows me on the screen,
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this very rudimentary template where
your uploading a photo of yourself
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and sort of answering a few basic
biographical details
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and it's called The Facebook.
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REPORTER: What is
The Facebook exactly?
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You sign on, you make a profile about
yourself by answering some questions,
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entering some information
phone numbers, interests,
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what books you like, movies, and most
importantly, who your friends are.
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Then you can browse around
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and just find some interesting
information about people.
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It was definitely
romantically-charged.
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If you decided you like someone
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and you wanted to learn
more about them at the time,
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you had very few options.
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Relationship status, women would put
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00:08:06,080 --> 00:08:08,320
that they were married
to their best friends.
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00:08:08,360 --> 00:08:11,520
'It's complicated', I think
was also one that was popular.
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00:08:11,560 --> 00:08:14,880
I do remember some of the questions
that were on the Facebook template
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included political views, everyone
put 'very liberal'.
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Favourite quote, people would put
earnest quotes.
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It was earnest.
It wasn't ironic at the time.
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I just threw it together
one week in January.
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This was in your dorm room?
Yeah.
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You launched Facebook
in your dorm room?Yeah.
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I was the 60th user. It must have
been only a couple of hours
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after he made it go live,
but then very shortly after that,
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everyone on campus was on it.
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In one email exchange,
he was kind of joking.
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00:09:02,720 --> 00:09:05,280
"Wow, all these people are
submitting their stuff,
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00:09:05,320 --> 00:09:08,720
all these photos, they're so dumb,
they just give me their data.
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00:09:08,760 --> 00:09:10,720
They don't understand how
precious data is."
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"Ha-ha, dumb fucks."
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Mark understands
when he's very young,
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that private data
on people can be used.
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He doesn't know how,
when he's in his early twenties,
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00:09:33,040 --> 00:09:35,800
he has a certain voyeuristic
approach to the data.
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00:09:35,840 --> 00:09:37,800
"I want to collect data
for data sake,"
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but initially it's just
it feels like power.
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Data feels like power to him.
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SENATOR: Thank you, Mr Chairman,
I want to follow up on the questions
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around the terms of service.
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Your terms of service are about
3,200 words with 30 links.
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One of the links
is to your data policy,
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which is about 2,700 words
with 22 links.
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00:10:00,360 --> 00:10:02,920
And I think the point
has been well made that
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00:10:02,960 --> 00:10:05,560
people really have no earthly idea
what they're signing up for
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00:10:05,600 --> 00:10:09,720
but I'm wondering if you can explain
to the billions of users,
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00:10:09,760 --> 00:10:12,840
in plain language,
what are they signing up for?
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00:10:26,240 --> 00:10:28,920
Silicon Valley was
the mecca of software
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00:10:28,960 --> 00:10:31,960
and innovation and technology.
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00:10:32,000 --> 00:10:34,160
Amazon-dot-com, this is Lance.
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00:10:34,200 --> 00:10:37,360
Money was being poured into
software companies
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00:10:37,400 --> 00:10:40,400
and internet companies and it was
seen as, sort of,
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the promised land of capitalism.
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This is definitely very cool.
I like it a lot.
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Just three years ago I was sleeping
on the office floor
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and now, obviously, I've got
a million dollar car
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00:10:51,400 --> 00:10:54,000
and quite a few creature comforts.
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00:10:54,040 --> 00:10:56,840
And Zuckerberg was very impressed
by that, that's for sure.
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We had this feeling like,
OK, all these great companies
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come from Silicon Valley. Wouldn't it
be cool to spend a summer out there?
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00:11:03,080 --> 00:11:06,280
Get that experience, but we expected
to go back to Harvard in the fall.
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00:11:06,320 --> 00:11:08,840
The thing that made it so that
we didn't
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00:11:08,880 --> 00:11:10,760
was that Harvard
has this great policy
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that lets you take as much
time off as you want.
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So in the summer of 2004,
he rented a house
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and took a bunch of
his Harvard chums out there,
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00:11:18,880 --> 00:11:21,920
and they started programming
Facebook from Palo Alto.
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00:11:30,200 --> 00:11:32,560
CHAFKIN: You know, the Internet,
kind of by definition,
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is sort of a lawless place,
particularly back then.
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00:11:35,960 --> 00:11:38,440
REPORTER: Today the US Court of
Appeals ruled that Napster
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is infringing on copyrighted music,
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00:11:40,960 --> 00:11:44,120
in essence,
letting its users steal songs.
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It's kind of, probably,
no coincidence
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that this sort of wild forum
would start in California,
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in the original Wild West.
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At the time,
Silicon Valley companies
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were pushing
the regulatory envelope.
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They were doing things
that in various ways
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00:12:05,560 --> 00:12:09,200
seemed unacceptable and doing it
with almost no consequences.
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00:12:12,080 --> 00:12:14,960
Silicon Valley
and the ethos of Silicon Valley
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couldn't have been more perfectly
suited for Mark Zuckerberg
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00:12:17,800 --> 00:12:19,560
if he had drawn it up himself.
196
00:12:19,600 --> 00:12:23,040
Because here you have this idea
that there are disruptors of society
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who are smarter than everyone else,
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and they should be given money.
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They should be given power because
they can create a technology
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that will disrupt the whole world.
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00:12:40,760 --> 00:12:43,120
BALOUN: The life
of my profile pictures.
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00:12:44,080 --> 00:12:46,800
That's my mom. We're in Lake Cuomo.
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00:12:48,720 --> 00:12:51,840
I'm just amazed at how many photos
I have on Facebook
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00:12:51,880 --> 00:12:55,040
and how they're all...
relentlessly optimistic.
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00:12:56,200 --> 00:12:59,040
I think it's just a celebration
of my life actually.
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00:12:59,080 --> 00:13:02,320
This wouldn't be bad
on my gravestone. (CHUCKLES)
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00:13:02,360 --> 00:13:04,960
Because this is actually
what I'd like to be remembered as.
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00:13:06,120 --> 00:13:07,680
I'm Karel Baloun,
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00:13:07,720 --> 00:13:11,040
I was Mark Zuckerberg's first
senior engineer at Facebook.
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00:13:12,880 --> 00:13:15,080
I have a master's in Social Psych,
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so just the idea of connecting
people was really tremendous.
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00:13:18,280 --> 00:13:21,760
I had been an engineer in Silicon
Valley for seven or eight years,
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00:13:21,800 --> 00:13:24,240
and all of that
was in corporations.
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So I was ready for a start up.
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(INDISTINCT CHATTER)
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Alright, what's the safety word?
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It was the office
above the Chinese restaurant
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with the graffiti on the wall.
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00:13:37,400 --> 00:13:41,080
ALL: One, two, three,
four, five, six...
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The office was very Spartan.
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00:13:44,080 --> 00:13:46,200
There were IKEA tables.
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00:13:46,240 --> 00:13:48,320
We assembled our own chairs
the first day.
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00:13:48,360 --> 00:13:51,920
ALL: ..eleven, twelve, thirteen.
Wow! (LAUGHTER)
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The amount of energy and confidence
in that room was astounding.
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00:13:55,320 --> 00:13:58,640
You could see Mark coding in
the corner on the floor sometimes.
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00:13:58,680 --> 00:14:01,040
He would just-
Instead of sitting at the table,
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00:14:01,080 --> 00:14:04,560
he would just lie down on the floor
with his laptop, flip flops up.
228
00:14:05,400 --> 00:14:08,280
And Mark Zuckerberg's handle
is 'Zuck'.
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00:14:08,320 --> 00:14:10,360
It was a term of endearment.
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We were all that close.
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The way that I can be unique is
by revelling
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00:14:17,720 --> 00:14:20,360
and being young
and just being a little crazy.
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00:14:20,400 --> 00:14:23,840
So, for example, there's this
feature called 'poking'
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00:14:23,880 --> 00:14:26,560
where you just go to someone's
profile and you can poke the person
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and like, what does that do?
Nothing. It sends them a message.
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00:14:29,600 --> 00:14:32,040
It's like, "You've been poked",
you know? Like, who cares?
237
00:14:32,080 --> 00:14:34,920
It's like, I thought about it when
I was drunk or something, you know?
238
00:14:34,960 --> 00:14:37,880
And like people really like poking
each other for some reason.
239
00:14:37,920 --> 00:14:40,080
I don't think anyone
can really explain.
240
00:14:41,720 --> 00:14:45,600
Mark has a consistent vision that
is very clearly articulated
241
00:14:45,640 --> 00:14:48,720
for everyone to understand.
He wants to connect people.
242
00:14:48,760 --> 00:14:51,200
That was the supreme novel idea.
243
00:14:51,240 --> 00:14:53,920
Was that we are engaging
on things together
244
00:14:53,960 --> 00:14:57,360
and it's bringing people together.
245
00:15:01,480 --> 00:15:04,560
I've been covering tech since 2015.
246
00:15:04,600 --> 00:15:07,800
Somewhere within, almost every story
247
00:15:07,840 --> 00:15:11,080
in Silicon Valley
that I've come across...
248
00:15:12,000 --> 00:15:16,680
..Peter Thiel has been pretty
much inside, behind, around.
249
00:15:16,720 --> 00:15:20,040
He's one of the key power brokers.
250
00:15:20,080 --> 00:15:23,440
He's started a company
called PayPal with Elon Musk
251
00:15:23,480 --> 00:15:26,640
and from there, built this empire.
252
00:15:26,680 --> 00:15:30,920
The government is so-
is so fundamentally evil,
253
00:15:30,960 --> 00:15:34,560
that to deny the evil nature
of the government
254
00:15:34,600 --> 00:15:37,640
is equal to denying
the existence of the devil.
255
00:15:37,680 --> 00:15:40,600
Kind of what makes Thiel
interesting and special
256
00:15:40,640 --> 00:15:44,440
is that he's not just a money guy,
he's sort of an influence guy.
257
00:15:44,480 --> 00:15:48,640
Technology is this incredible
alternative to politics
258
00:15:48,680 --> 00:15:52,160
and the task in this world where
politics has become so broken
259
00:15:52,200 --> 00:15:55,920
and so dysfunctional
is to find a way to escape from it.
260
00:15:55,960 --> 00:16:00,320
Most of his beliefs boil down to an
idea that billionaires,
261
00:16:00,360 --> 00:16:02,840
in particular tech billionaires,
262
00:16:02,880 --> 00:16:06,960
should be afforded maximum freedom
to run the world.
263
00:16:07,000 --> 00:16:11,360
The initial founding vision was
that we were going to use technology
264
00:16:11,400 --> 00:16:14,280
to overturn the monetary system
of the world.
265
00:16:16,200 --> 00:16:19,680
It's really easy to see
why he liked Mark Zuckerberg.
266
00:16:20,760 --> 00:16:24,240
He had been sort of, you know,
a bad boy of campus.
267
00:16:24,280 --> 00:16:26,960
He was kind of like pushing
the bounds of what was acceptable
268
00:16:27,000 --> 00:16:29,560
and what was normal.
269
00:16:29,600 --> 00:16:33,800
And that is the kind of thing
that Peter Thiel absolutely loves.
270
00:16:33,840 --> 00:16:36,080
And you can kind of see why.
271
00:16:36,120 --> 00:16:39,000
Because those kind of rule-breakers
are the ones who are likely
272
00:16:39,040 --> 00:16:41,880
to, you know, find opportunities.
273
00:16:44,840 --> 00:16:49,480
KIRKPATRICK: Peter Thiel was the
first really serious businessperson
274
00:16:49,520 --> 00:16:53,960
to recognise the scale
of what this could become.
275
00:16:54,000 --> 00:16:57,400
Which is why he said, "OK,
I'll invest half a million
276
00:16:57,440 --> 00:16:59,440
for 10% of the company."
277
00:17:00,320 --> 00:17:03,760
And the parting words that Thiel
left them with,
278
00:17:03,800 --> 00:17:07,640
as they walked out of his office,
was, "Just don't fuck it up."
279
00:17:13,960 --> 00:17:18,520
Today, The Facebook has nearly 5
million users across 1,500 campuses.
280
00:17:18,560 --> 00:17:21,120
Joining me to talk about
the fast-growing company
281
00:17:21,160 --> 00:17:23,560
is the founder and CEO,
Mark Zuckerberg.
282
00:17:23,600 --> 00:17:26,160
Mark, thanks for joining us.
Thanks for having me.
283
00:17:26,200 --> 00:17:28,480
You received venture capital funding
284
00:17:28,520 --> 00:17:31,040
and received about $13 million.
285
00:17:31,080 --> 00:17:33,560
What was the pitch to VCs?
286
00:17:33,600 --> 00:17:36,320
Oh, we didn't do any pitch.
No?
287
00:17:38,280 --> 00:17:40,480
He looked very young...
288
00:17:40,520 --> 00:17:43,480
but he carried himself in a way
that showed confidence.
289
00:17:43,520 --> 00:17:46,400
You know, having a 10 million
dollar cheque in your pocket
290
00:17:46,440 --> 00:17:48,800
probably does that to you.
291
00:17:51,280 --> 00:17:53,520
THOMPSON: What I can say about
the early investors
292
00:17:53,560 --> 00:17:55,760
is they're all
hardcore capitalists.
293
00:17:55,800 --> 00:17:57,480
They're all big time Valley people.
294
00:17:57,520 --> 00:18:00,480
They'd much rather have a one in
a hundred chance
295
00:18:00,520 --> 00:18:02,560
of becoming a trillion-dollar company
296
00:18:02,600 --> 00:18:04,600
than a guaranteed
$10 billion company.
297
00:18:04,640 --> 00:18:06,800
So, they're going to want you to
take risks
298
00:18:06,840 --> 00:18:10,320
and they want you
to be extreme in what you do.
299
00:18:12,160 --> 00:18:16,400
Mark thought of himself as
a renegade leader of opposition
300
00:18:16,440 --> 00:18:19,400
to the established order,
301
00:18:19,440 --> 00:18:23,320
so he would sign his pages
of the service.
302
00:18:23,360 --> 00:18:26,440
Sometimes you'd find the phrase,
303
00:18:26,480 --> 00:18:29,400
'Founder, Master and Commander,
Enemy of the State.
304
00:18:31,360 --> 00:18:34,520
SENATOR: Thank you, Mr Zuckerberg,
for being here.
305
00:18:34,560 --> 00:18:38,960
I note up, until 2014,
the mantra or motto of Facebook
306
00:18:39,000 --> 00:18:42,040
was "move fast and break things".
307
00:18:42,080 --> 00:18:43,920
Is that correct?
308
00:18:43,960 --> 00:18:47,000
I don't know when we changed it,
but the mantra is currently
309
00:18:47,040 --> 00:18:49,360
"move fast with
stable infrastructure",
310
00:18:49,400 --> 00:18:51,880
which is a much less sexy mantra.
311
00:18:51,920 --> 00:18:54,720
Sounds much more boring.
But my question is,
312
00:18:54,760 --> 00:18:58,040
during the time
it was Facebook's mantra,
313
00:18:58,080 --> 00:19:01,120
do you think some of the...
misjudgements
314
00:19:01,160 --> 00:19:04,120
were as a result of that
culture or that attitude?
315
00:19:08,160 --> 00:19:11,200
CHAFKIN: Where Thiel
influenced Zuckerberg
316
00:19:11,240 --> 00:19:15,680
was in this idea of
'move fast and break things'.
317
00:19:18,880 --> 00:19:22,880
Growing like as big as you
can, as fast as you can,
318
00:19:22,920 --> 00:19:25,160
that is the Peter Thiel approach.
319
00:19:25,200 --> 00:19:27,720
Push the gas as hard as you can,
320
00:19:27,760 --> 00:19:31,120
spend as much money as possible on
anything you can do to grow,
321
00:19:31,160 --> 00:19:34,040
to ensure that you have
absolute network dominance.
322
00:19:35,200 --> 00:19:39,560
Every day we would code and push
that immediately to the site.
323
00:19:39,600 --> 00:19:42,960
Then it would hit the site and we
would see whether it worked or not.
324
00:19:43,000 --> 00:19:46,960
And if there was a bug, we might
roll back what was on the site.
325
00:19:47,000 --> 00:19:49,560
Or we might just push
a patch right over it.
326
00:19:49,600 --> 00:19:52,400
And there was very little
safety or control.
327
00:19:53,360 --> 00:19:56,000
FRENKEL: There's a video
of Mark Zuckerberg
328
00:19:56,040 --> 00:19:59,720
where he goes back to Harvard
and he essentially tells students
329
00:19:59,760 --> 00:20:02,480
that they should buck
the system the way he did.
330
00:20:02,520 --> 00:20:05,360
I think it's more useful to, like,
make things happen
331
00:20:05,400 --> 00:20:07,280
and then apologise later
332
00:20:07,320 --> 00:20:09,920
than it is to make sure
that you dot all your I's now
333
00:20:09,960 --> 00:20:12,320
and then, like
just not get stepped on.
334
00:20:12,360 --> 00:20:15,520
He loved playing strategy games
from a young age
335
00:20:15,560 --> 00:20:18,040
and winning in everything he did
336
00:20:18,080 --> 00:20:22,480
has always been a high priority
for him. Dominating, succeeding.
337
00:20:22,520 --> 00:20:26,600
He used to end every meeting at
the company by shouting,
338
00:20:26,640 --> 00:20:29,680
"Domination!" That was like his,
sort of, catch phrase
339
00:20:29,720 --> 00:20:32,200
that he ended meetings with.
And you know,
340
00:20:32,240 --> 00:20:35,560
that reflects a lot about
his personality, his goals.
341
00:20:35,600 --> 00:20:38,120
He wanted to dominate,
and he wanted to win.
342
00:20:49,480 --> 00:20:52,480
FRENKEL: Mark Zuckerberg needs
to distinguish his company
343
00:20:52,520 --> 00:20:55,120
from other social media
companies at the time.
344
00:20:55,160 --> 00:20:59,320
Because even though he's incredibly
popular among college students,
345
00:20:59,360 --> 00:21:01,560
he still has competition.
346
00:21:01,600 --> 00:21:04,160
There's MySpace, there's Friendster.
347
00:21:05,080 --> 00:21:08,240
And he very quickly
understands that...
348
00:21:09,240 --> 00:21:13,160
by making decisions as
a company about what people see,
349
00:21:13,200 --> 00:21:15,640
he can create
a revolutionary product.
350
00:21:22,360 --> 00:21:26,000
What Mark did was really use
the first algorithmic device
351
00:21:26,040 --> 00:21:28,640
that would rank what you saw.
352
00:21:28,680 --> 00:21:30,240
It made decisions for you.
353
00:21:30,280 --> 00:21:32,520
KIRKPATRICK: People competed
with each other
354
00:21:32,560 --> 00:21:34,880
to have the most Facebook friends.
355
00:21:34,920 --> 00:21:37,360
"You have 100 friends?
I have 200 friends."
356
00:21:37,400 --> 00:21:39,480
Or 2,000, or whatever.
357
00:21:39,520 --> 00:21:42,200
All of a sudden, they could see
everything about you
358
00:21:42,240 --> 00:21:45,560
and you could see everything about
them in a newly automated fashion.
359
00:21:45,600 --> 00:21:47,440
And many people didn't like that.
360
00:21:52,040 --> 00:21:56,360
They viewed that as an invasion
of privacy and it was a crisis.
361
00:21:58,960 --> 00:22:01,600
CHAFKIN: Over and over again
in the history of Facebook,
362
00:22:01,640 --> 00:22:06,160
the company would kind of go to a
place that was, like, a little edgy.
363
00:22:08,640 --> 00:22:11,600
They just sort of violated
everyone's privacy without asking.
364
00:22:12,680 --> 00:22:16,600
Facebook's approach for most of
its history was to, you know,
365
00:22:16,640 --> 00:22:19,640
shoot first and ask questions later.
366
00:22:21,920 --> 00:22:25,520
BAROUN: He apologized publicly for
how he rolled it out
367
00:22:25,560 --> 00:22:29,200
or for poorly communicating
about this new feature.
368
00:22:29,240 --> 00:22:32,520
But the feature was going to be
there because it had real utility.
369
00:22:34,440 --> 00:22:38,440
FRENKEL: He wanted you to spend
hours scrolling your news feed,
370
00:22:38,480 --> 00:22:41,800
getting this constant sort of
stream of data about people you knew
371
00:22:41,840 --> 00:22:44,200
and people you were interested in.
372
00:22:44,240 --> 00:22:48,720
REPORTER: Students looking at
Facebook average 18 minutes a day,
373
00:22:48,760 --> 00:22:51,720
and that fact has rocketed the
company's value
374
00:22:51,760 --> 00:22:55,040
into the hundreds of millions
of dollars, maybe more.
375
00:22:56,080 --> 00:22:59,320
KIRKPATRICK: The company was just
growing like crazy at that time.
376
00:23:05,080 --> 00:23:08,160
I got a phone call from an
executive at Facebook
377
00:23:08,200 --> 00:23:11,000
that I barely knew, and he said,
378
00:23:11,040 --> 00:23:14,360
"My boss is facing a crisis
379
00:23:14,400 --> 00:23:17,400
and he needs advice
380
00:23:17,440 --> 00:23:20,040
from somebody who really
understands Silicon Valley.
381
00:23:20,080 --> 00:23:22,280
Would you take a meeting
with Mark Zuckerberg?"
382
00:23:23,160 --> 00:23:27,480
And so Mark Zuckerberg
came to my office
383
00:23:27,520 --> 00:23:30,320
and he looked just
like Mark Zuckerberg. I mean,
384
00:23:30,360 --> 00:23:32,840
the grey hoodie, the jeans.
385
00:23:34,000 --> 00:23:38,640
And he goes, "Yahoo! has offered
a billion dollars to buy Facebook.
386
00:23:39,960 --> 00:23:42,080
And everybody I know,
including my parents,
387
00:23:42,120 --> 00:23:44,480
has told me to take the money."
388
00:23:44,520 --> 00:23:46,800
So I looked at Mark and I said,
389
00:23:46,840 --> 00:23:49,000
"Well, there's only one
that question matters.
390
00:23:49,040 --> 00:23:51,840
What do you want?
Do you want to sell the company?"
391
00:23:54,680 --> 00:23:58,360
BAROUN: He refused, famously,
to sell Facebook to Yahoo!
392
00:23:58,400 --> 00:24:02,640
for a billion dollars
and everybody was against him.
393
00:24:02,680 --> 00:24:05,040
It's a lot of money
for all of us, right?
394
00:24:05,080 --> 00:24:07,200
None of us were
independently wealthy.
395
00:24:07,240 --> 00:24:09,920
He was saying,
this is a valuable idea
396
00:24:09,960 --> 00:24:12,720
and I can execute it
better than Yahoo!
397
00:24:12,760 --> 00:24:15,760
That type of confidence
and fearlessness...
398
00:24:16,560 --> 00:24:19,560
..when even technical obstacles
are daunting.
399
00:24:20,440 --> 00:24:22,360
Well, it's courage.
400
00:24:23,800 --> 00:24:26,080
If they'd sold to Yahoo!
at a billion,
401
00:24:26,120 --> 00:24:29,760
they would all be quite rich, but
they were going to be really rich.
402
00:24:31,120 --> 00:24:34,560
More and more press attention
from people even like myself,
403
00:24:34,600 --> 00:24:36,960
was, you know, flattering them
404
00:24:37,000 --> 00:24:39,440
and making them feel
the centre of the universe.
405
00:24:39,480 --> 00:24:42,720
And they were like, "Yeah,
we are really the cool ones."
406
00:24:42,760 --> 00:24:45,560
INTERVIEWER: Let's talk about
business. There are reports
407
00:24:45,600 --> 00:24:47,760
that this company is still not
breaking even.
408
00:24:47,800 --> 00:24:52,320
And what shocked me when I read
that was with 175 million customers,
409
00:24:52,360 --> 00:24:55,160
how can any business not make money?
410
00:24:55,200 --> 00:24:57,280
What's the explanation for that?
411
00:24:58,240 --> 00:25:01,440
Zuckerberg was still living on
a mattress on the floor,
412
00:25:01,480 --> 00:25:03,880
you know, hardly ever
even going home
413
00:25:03,920 --> 00:25:06,720
because he was just working
around the clock.
414
00:25:06,760 --> 00:25:09,080
He cared very little about
anything else
415
00:25:09,120 --> 00:25:11,880
other than user growth
and user engagement.
416
00:25:16,520 --> 00:25:19,480
Well after Facebook had been
going for...
417
00:25:19,520 --> 00:25:22,080
three years or so,
418
00:25:22,120 --> 00:25:25,840
the investors were
increasingly determined that
419
00:25:25,880 --> 00:25:29,040
somebody had to figure out how to
make a lot of money out of this
420
00:25:29,080 --> 00:25:31,920
tremendous cultural
and community success.
421
00:25:32,920 --> 00:25:35,040
Oh, wow. That's awesome.
How are you?
422
00:25:35,080 --> 00:25:38,200
REPORTER: Sheryl Sandberg is
an unlikely revolutionary.
423
00:25:38,240 --> 00:25:42,040
At 43, she is one of the few women
at the top of corporate America.
424
00:25:42,080 --> 00:25:44,800
Sheryl changed everything.
425
00:25:44,840 --> 00:25:47,280
She was a practice business leader
426
00:25:47,320 --> 00:25:51,440
who had, in many ways, built
the advertising business at Google.
427
00:25:51,480 --> 00:25:53,280
Panama hats.
428
00:25:53,320 --> 00:25:55,800
Let's say I was looking for Panama
hats today. Here I go.
429
00:25:55,840 --> 00:25:59,160
Panama Hats Direct,
a very specific search,
430
00:25:59,200 --> 00:26:01,360
looking for a very specific product.
431
00:26:01,400 --> 00:26:04,000
And the advertiser
is able to find me
432
00:26:04,040 --> 00:26:05,800
and I'm looking for that product.
433
00:26:05,840 --> 00:26:08,680
There is a crucial, crucial moment
in the evolution of Facebook.
434
00:26:08,720 --> 00:26:12,040
Sheryl Sandberg comes on board
and is given the mandate,
435
00:26:12,080 --> 00:26:14,080
'figure out how this
thing can make money.'
436
00:26:14,120 --> 00:26:17,280
We just literally had dinner
at my house
437
00:26:17,320 --> 00:26:19,160
and Mark would say,
sometimes, you know,
438
00:26:19,200 --> 00:26:22,440
"I'm so sorry, I can't
invite you over for dinner."
439
00:26:22,480 --> 00:26:25,120
But at the time, he only had
like a one room apartment.
440
00:26:25,160 --> 00:26:27,920
He never had any furniture,
make it a futon.
441
00:26:27,960 --> 00:26:30,920
He thought that would be awkward,
which it would have been.
442
00:26:30,960 --> 00:26:32,800
(CHEERING AND APPLAUSE)
443
00:26:32,840 --> 00:26:34,560
Thank you all.
444
00:26:34,600 --> 00:26:38,040
There are lots of choices that
she and they could have made.
445
00:26:38,080 --> 00:26:41,080
And they made a choice to sell
targeted advertising
446
00:26:41,120 --> 00:26:43,280
based on individual's data.
447
00:26:45,240 --> 00:26:47,760
The thing about Facebook
that was so unique
448
00:26:47,800 --> 00:26:51,360
was it had a whole lot of data
that you had voluntarily provided,
449
00:26:51,400 --> 00:26:53,760
where you lived, how old you were,
450
00:26:53,800 --> 00:26:57,240
whether you were in a relationship,
what your interests are.
451
00:26:57,280 --> 00:27:00,120
These are invaluable
pieces of information
452
00:27:00,160 --> 00:27:02,320
for people trying to sell ads.
453
00:27:02,360 --> 00:27:04,800
BAROUN: People were
uploading photos,
454
00:27:04,840 --> 00:27:08,640
people were posting status updates
to their feed.
455
00:27:08,680 --> 00:27:11,160
But it was really about what's
going on in my mind right now.
456
00:27:12,520 --> 00:27:15,000
The prompt is still the same.
What's on your mind?
457
00:27:15,040 --> 00:27:17,720
But people are really using it
in real time
458
00:27:17,760 --> 00:27:19,640
to say what was on their mind.
459
00:27:19,680 --> 00:27:24,240
Sheryl Sandberg realised that
a system with that many users
460
00:27:24,280 --> 00:27:27,520
was going to be a huge opportunity
for advertising.
461
00:27:29,120 --> 00:27:32,080
And from the time she arrived,
462
00:27:32,120 --> 00:27:33,880
they started making more money.
463
00:27:38,840 --> 00:27:40,880
INTERVIEWER: Are you Facebook
friends with Mark?
464
00:27:40,920 --> 00:27:44,440
Yes. Yeah, I have been since
the beginning.
465
00:27:44,480 --> 00:27:46,560
He just posted he's going
to have another baby.
466
00:27:46,600 --> 00:27:48,920
And so I liked the fact that
he's having another baby,
467
00:27:48,960 --> 00:27:51,440
wished him a Happy New Year
at the beginning of this year.
468
00:27:51,480 --> 00:27:54,760
And he liked back in my comment,
wishing him a happy New Year.
469
00:27:54,800 --> 00:27:58,480
I found myself in the mid-2000's
470
00:27:58,520 --> 00:28:00,960
working at a company called Cisco
471
00:28:01,000 --> 00:28:02,680
and Facebook came
knocking on my door.
472
00:28:02,720 --> 00:28:06,080
(PHONE RINGING) Good afternoon,
Facebook how may I help you?
473
00:28:06,120 --> 00:28:08,800
When I arrived. Wow. It was chaotic.
474
00:28:15,280 --> 00:28:18,880
I just found these really smart,
475
00:28:18,920 --> 00:28:22,120
really high energy people
bouncing around.
476
00:28:27,840 --> 00:28:31,440
In those, sort of, early 20-tens,
477
00:28:31,480 --> 00:28:34,720
if you worked for Facebook,
everyone was fascinated by it.
478
00:28:36,160 --> 00:28:38,960
You did feel like, in a sense,
an ambassador
479
00:28:39,000 --> 00:28:43,040
for this amazing force that was
potentially gonna change the world.
480
00:28:44,000 --> 00:28:46,160
Um... I'm sorry. I'm kind of nervous.
481
00:28:46,200 --> 00:28:48,400
We have the President of
the United States here.
482
00:28:48,440 --> 00:28:50,680
(CHEERING AND APPLAUSE)
483
00:28:56,960 --> 00:28:59,240
My name is Barack Obama
484
00:28:59,280 --> 00:29:03,040
and I'm the guy who got Mark to
wear a jacket and tie.
485
00:29:03,080 --> 00:29:05,080
(LAUGHTER AND APPLAUSE)
486
00:29:05,120 --> 00:29:07,280
Thank you.
487
00:29:07,320 --> 00:29:10,040
And, in fact, if you'd like,
Mark, we can take our jackets off.
488
00:29:10,080 --> 00:29:12,080
That's good.
489
00:29:13,840 --> 00:29:18,040
Part of what...
makes for a healthy democracy
490
00:29:18,080 --> 00:29:21,840
is when you've got citizens who
are informed, who are engaged.
491
00:29:21,880 --> 00:29:25,520
And what Facebook allows us to do
492
00:29:25,560 --> 00:29:27,800
is make sure this isn't
just a one-way conversation.
493
00:29:28,640 --> 00:29:31,480
Well, it was widely said
at the time of Obama's election
494
00:29:31,520 --> 00:29:33,680
that one of the ways he won
495
00:29:33,720 --> 00:29:36,480
was by so effectively campaigning
on Facebook.
496
00:29:36,520 --> 00:29:39,080
Who is Barack Obama?
497
00:29:39,120 --> 00:29:42,720
The answer is right there on
my Facebook page.
498
00:29:44,040 --> 00:29:46,760
That was a deeply impressive
to Zuckerberg
499
00:29:46,800 --> 00:29:49,320
and made him feel pretty puffed up.
I'd say, yeah.
500
00:29:49,360 --> 00:29:52,800
"Hey, we helped get the president
elected." That was very heady.
501
00:29:52,840 --> 00:29:54,920
Hi, this is Lady Gaga.
502
00:29:54,960 --> 00:29:58,200
And I'm saying hello to all
of my little monsters on Facebook.
503
00:29:58,240 --> 00:30:00,280
I love you guys so much.
504
00:30:01,640 --> 00:30:04,200
CHAFKIN: You know, this clip,
Lady Gaga shows back then,
505
00:30:04,240 --> 00:30:06,240
Facebook was unambiguously cool.
506
00:30:08,120 --> 00:30:11,360
REPORTER: Here is what
Time magazine said in 2010
507
00:30:11,400 --> 00:30:13,640
when it named Zuckerberg
'Person of the Year',
508
00:30:13,680 --> 00:30:17,560
quote, "In less than seven years,
Zuckerberg wired together
509
00:30:17,600 --> 00:30:20,800
a 12th of humanity into
a single network,
510
00:30:20,840 --> 00:30:24,480
thereby creating a social entity
almost twice as large
511
00:30:24,520 --> 00:30:27,920
as the United States,
worth more than $80 billion.
512
00:30:27,960 --> 00:30:31,080
It has turned into something that
has changed the way human beings
513
00:30:31,120 --> 00:30:33,840
relate to one another on
a species-wide scale.
514
00:30:35,040 --> 00:30:39,360
Anybody. Literally anybody
with no technical skills
515
00:30:39,400 --> 00:30:44,280
had the power of the mainstream
media outlet and in their hands.
516
00:30:44,320 --> 00:30:46,200
REPORTER: Mark Zuckerberg says
517
00:30:46,240 --> 00:30:49,960
Facebook's almost guaranteed to
reach the 1 billion user mark.
518
00:30:51,280 --> 00:30:53,160
We were empowering people,
519
00:30:53,200 --> 00:30:55,680
people who previously
have been disempowered
520
00:30:55,720 --> 00:30:58,680
and that was a noble mission,
and we were all signed up for that.
521
00:30:58,720 --> 00:31:01,080
And that's what got you
out of bed in the morning,
522
00:31:01,120 --> 00:31:05,360
was putting the power of a major
communication platform
523
00:31:05,400 --> 00:31:07,400
into the hands of
an ordinary person,
524
00:31:07,440 --> 00:31:10,000
wherever they were
in the world, at no cost.
525
00:31:22,080 --> 00:31:26,080
Back in 2010, we had some Arabic
speakers already in the team
526
00:31:26,120 --> 00:31:29,440
who were looking at content
and they flagged the fact
527
00:31:29,480 --> 00:31:31,840
they were seeing interesting stuff.
528
00:31:31,880 --> 00:31:34,520
(INDISTINCT ARABIC SHOUTS)
529
00:31:37,720 --> 00:31:40,080
In particular,
there was an Egyptian page
530
00:31:40,120 --> 00:31:42,920
calling for a massive demonstration.
531
00:31:42,960 --> 00:31:45,080
Did you plan a revolution?
532
00:31:46,080 --> 00:31:47,840
Yeah, we did.
533
00:31:52,160 --> 00:31:54,560
Here were all these people in
countries like Tunisia,
534
00:31:54,600 --> 00:31:56,960
Syria and Egypt
535
00:31:57,000 --> 00:32:00,960
who could create their own
alternative media
536
00:32:01,000 --> 00:32:05,840
in opposition to a state that
control the media
537
00:32:05,880 --> 00:32:08,840
to within an inch of its life
and allowed them no space.
538
00:32:11,000 --> 00:32:13,120
They created the revolution, not us.
539
00:32:13,160 --> 00:32:15,880
We weren't there on the barricades,
540
00:32:15,920 --> 00:32:19,000
but we had given them a media tool.
541
00:32:19,040 --> 00:32:22,160
First Tunisia, now Egypt.
What's next?
542
00:32:22,200 --> 00:32:24,240
At Facebook.
543
00:32:24,280 --> 00:32:27,160
Facebook? You're giving Facebook
a lot of credit for this.
544
00:32:28,360 --> 00:32:29,960
Yeah, for sure.
545
00:32:30,000 --> 00:32:33,440
I want to meet Mark Zuckerberg
one day and thank him, actually.
546
00:32:33,480 --> 00:32:36,160
(ALL SINGING IN ARABIC)
547
00:32:39,360 --> 00:32:42,120
An Arab Spring was the point
at which, I think,
548
00:32:42,160 --> 00:32:43,920
a lot of the world
woke up to the fact
549
00:32:43,960 --> 00:32:45,960
this wasn't a platform for kids.
550
00:32:46,000 --> 00:32:48,920
It was actually influential
and potentially world-changing.
551
00:32:48,960 --> 00:32:51,080
And Mark was feted.
552
00:32:51,120 --> 00:32:53,520
I would go and see government
ministers in Europe
553
00:32:53,560 --> 00:32:56,120
who previously had not been
particularly interested
554
00:32:56,160 --> 00:32:58,880
who was suddenly going, "Oh,
you know, this Facebook thing,
555
00:32:58,920 --> 00:33:01,440
actually I want to know about it.
It is interesting.
556
00:33:01,480 --> 00:33:05,320
I want to meet Mark Zuckerberg."
Because now politicians
557
00:33:05,360 --> 00:33:07,920
see the platform
as politically powerful.
558
00:33:07,960 --> 00:33:11,160
And there was a glow for
a period of time after that.
559
00:33:13,360 --> 00:33:16,560
REPORTER: Today, an astronomical
benchmark
560
00:33:16,600 --> 00:33:21,240
as Facebook officially announces
it now has 1 billion users,
561
00:33:21,280 --> 00:33:23,760
one seventh of the
world's population.
562
00:33:34,360 --> 00:33:36,480
I joined a month
after the Arab Spring.
563
00:33:37,760 --> 00:33:41,680
I knew that they had made me the
offer on Valentine's Day of 2011.
564
00:33:41,720 --> 00:33:44,280
And so I posted, "I'm excited
that I'll be joining
565
00:33:44,320 --> 00:33:46,480
the Facebook DC team very soon."
566
00:33:46,520 --> 00:33:49,800
In all honesty, I'm having a lot of
feelings kind of flood back
567
00:33:49,840 --> 00:33:51,680
of what that felt like on that first
day,
568
00:33:51,720 --> 00:33:53,920
walking through the doors,
having no idea
569
00:33:53,960 --> 00:33:56,600
what the next ten years were going
to have in store for me.
570
00:33:59,920 --> 00:34:03,080
In 2011-ish, 2012,
571
00:34:03,120 --> 00:34:07,440
Facebook moved to the old
Sun Microsystems campus.
572
00:34:10,200 --> 00:34:14,360
Sun Microsystems was a very
prominent company in Silicon Valley
573
00:34:14,400 --> 00:34:17,960
and ended up going under.
574
00:34:20,880 --> 00:34:24,680
Mark was very worried
about being out-innovated.
575
00:34:25,720 --> 00:34:29,200
You don't want to become Friendster.
You don't want to become MySpace.
576
00:34:29,240 --> 00:34:31,480
You had to keep moving.
You had to keep doing stuff,
577
00:34:31,520 --> 00:34:35,120
because if you didn't, someone
was going to run faster than you.
578
00:34:36,600 --> 00:34:39,960
Every day when you left, seeing
that Sun Microsystems logo
579
00:34:40,000 --> 00:34:42,480
was meant to be a reminder.
580
00:34:42,520 --> 00:34:45,160
You could be this
big behemoth one day
581
00:34:45,200 --> 00:34:49,560
and tomorrow you could be having a
rummage sale to sell your desks.
582
00:34:51,920 --> 00:34:54,200
KIRKPATRICK: He did not want
competition
583
00:34:54,240 --> 00:34:56,480
in the social media industry.
584
00:34:56,520 --> 00:34:59,000
No business leader
likes competition.
585
00:34:59,040 --> 00:35:01,200
He always saw Facebook
as an industry in itself.
586
00:35:03,440 --> 00:35:07,200
FRENKEL: Mark has always been
a deeply competitive person.
587
00:35:10,280 --> 00:35:13,720
He didn't just want to be famous.
He wanted to be historic.
588
00:35:15,960 --> 00:35:18,720
CHAFKIN: Facebook is like the
largest media company in history,
589
00:35:18,760 --> 00:35:22,040
and one person, Mark Zuckerberg,
is its dictator.
590
00:35:23,360 --> 00:35:27,040
And that was set up early
on by Peter Thiel.
591
00:35:27,080 --> 00:35:30,680
Thiel was instrumental in creating
a situation where Zuckerberg
592
00:35:30,720 --> 00:35:34,280
had this kind of like,
controlling share in the company.
593
00:35:34,320 --> 00:35:36,200
He set Facebook up
594
00:35:36,240 --> 00:35:38,320
so that Zuckerberg could do
whatever he wants.
595
00:35:38,360 --> 00:35:41,440
Peter Thiel really backed
the idea of the 'founder-genius'.
596
00:35:41,480 --> 00:35:43,520
You founded this company.
597
00:35:43,560 --> 00:35:45,920
You came up with the idea
of a social network.
598
00:35:45,960 --> 00:35:48,960
You are the genius and you need
to be in control of this.
599
00:35:49,000 --> 00:35:51,240
You need to be calling
all the shots.
600
00:35:51,280 --> 00:35:53,760
To the degree that
we will structure your company
601
00:35:53,800 --> 00:35:55,800
so nobody can hold you accountable.
602
00:35:56,840 --> 00:36:00,720
That gave Zuckerberg essentially
complete control over this company,
603
00:36:00,760 --> 00:36:02,720
which continues to this day.
604
00:36:04,000 --> 00:36:07,280
Basically, Zuckerberg could do
whatever he wants.
605
00:36:07,320 --> 00:36:09,640
Facebook is buying Instagram.
606
00:36:09,680 --> 00:36:11,880
That's a popular
photo sharing service
607
00:36:11,920 --> 00:36:14,440
for $1 billion in cash and stock.
608
00:36:14,480 --> 00:36:17,720
Zuckerberg reportedly negotiated
the deal to acquire Instagram
609
00:36:17,760 --> 00:36:20,720
for a billion dollars without
alerting the board
610
00:36:20,760 --> 00:36:22,400
or consulting with the board.
611
00:36:22,440 --> 00:36:26,280
Instagram was tiny, but it was
growing very, very rapidly.
612
00:36:26,320 --> 00:36:29,120
It was obvious that it was cool
613
00:36:29,160 --> 00:36:32,040
and the cool people
were already using it,
614
00:36:32,080 --> 00:36:34,080
even though it only
had 30 million users.
615
00:36:34,120 --> 00:36:36,520
It had every major, you know,
616
00:36:36,560 --> 00:36:38,960
smart person in Silicon Valley
using it.
617
00:36:39,960 --> 00:36:42,880
He already knew that he was
a little behind the curve
618
00:36:42,920 --> 00:36:45,320
on adapting to the smartphone era
619
00:36:45,360 --> 00:36:48,920
because Facebook had been
built for the PC era,
620
00:36:48,960 --> 00:36:52,320
and Instagram was designed
for the mobile age.
621
00:36:52,360 --> 00:36:55,520
He was very concerned that if
he didn't buy Instagram,
622
00:36:55,560 --> 00:36:58,760
it would be a major competitive
problem for him.
623
00:37:01,360 --> 00:37:03,240
Everyone was convinced
that Zuckerberg
624
00:37:03,280 --> 00:37:06,360
spending a billion dollars
for Instagram was a sign that,
625
00:37:06,400 --> 00:37:09,480
you know, the world had gone crazy
because, like, how could a company
626
00:37:09,520 --> 00:37:12,640
with few dozen employees possibly
be worth a billion dollars?
627
00:37:12,680 --> 00:37:14,840
What is that?I know!
(OVERLAPPING CHATTER)
628
00:37:15,760 --> 00:37:19,360
It's got 30 million users. Just like
a social media platform for photos?
629
00:37:19,400 --> 00:37:21,720
It's retro. Retro-
Can it make me look younger?
630
00:37:21,760 --> 00:37:24,560
ANNOUNCER: Give a hand to the
Instagram founders!
631
00:37:25,840 --> 00:37:28,360
The idea is to sell
your company to a company
632
00:37:28,400 --> 00:37:31,160
that's gonna be a rocket ship.
And I remember Mike and I talking
633
00:37:31,200 --> 00:37:35,720
about, like, do we believe that by
being part of this larger company,
634
00:37:35,760 --> 00:37:39,480
Instagram can reach an even higher
potential even more quickly?
635
00:37:39,520 --> 00:37:41,760
And that was the bet that we made.
636
00:37:41,800 --> 00:37:45,400
Facebook makes money by collecting
data on its users and selling ads.
637
00:37:46,360 --> 00:37:49,920
Instagram was important because you
were that much more likely
638
00:37:49,960 --> 00:37:52,120
to share photos
which showed things in them
639
00:37:52,160 --> 00:37:53,920
of what you might be interested in.
640
00:37:53,960 --> 00:37:56,640
And if you're trying to sell
somebody a product, be it a car
641
00:37:56,680 --> 00:38:00,400
or T-shirt, it could show where
you were in terms of income bracket.
642
00:38:00,440 --> 00:38:03,040
And so a lot of these things
would have been really lucrative
643
00:38:03,080 --> 00:38:04,760
for Mark Zuckerberg.
644
00:38:04,800 --> 00:38:07,480
REPORTER: There's a clue to the
potential financial attraction
645
00:38:07,520 --> 00:38:09,240
the moment you download Instagram.
646
00:38:09,280 --> 00:38:12,080
30 million worldwide
now have the app.
647
00:38:12,120 --> 00:38:14,720
Every one of them has handed over
their personal details,
648
00:38:14,760 --> 00:38:16,960
creating a bulging database,
649
00:38:17,000 --> 00:38:18,720
now the property of Facebook.
650
00:38:19,720 --> 00:38:22,880
CHAFKIN: The same with WhatsApp,
you know, paying billions of dollars
651
00:38:22,920 --> 00:38:25,840
for this messaging platform
that had almost no revenue.
652
00:38:27,640 --> 00:38:30,760
SENATOR: Mr Zuckerberg, would you
be comfortable sharing with us
653
00:38:30,800 --> 00:38:33,320
the name of the hotel you
stayed in last night?
654
00:38:33,360 --> 00:38:35,360
Um. (AWKWARD CHUCKLE)
655
00:38:37,840 --> 00:38:39,840
Uh, no.
656
00:38:41,880 --> 00:38:44,880
If you messaged anybody this week,
657
00:38:44,920 --> 00:38:48,200
would you share with us the names
of the people you messaged?
658
00:38:48,240 --> 00:38:51,800
Senator, no, I would probably not
choose to do that publicly here.
659
00:38:51,840 --> 00:38:54,080
I think that may be what
this is all about.
660
00:38:55,400 --> 00:38:57,280
Your right to privacy.
661
00:38:57,320 --> 00:38:59,520
The limits of your right to privacy
662
00:38:59,560 --> 00:39:02,640
and how much you give away
in modern America,
663
00:39:02,680 --> 00:39:06,080
in the name of, quote, "connecting
people around the world."
664
00:39:07,200 --> 00:39:09,760
Question, basically of...
665
00:39:09,800 --> 00:39:12,200
what information
Facebook is collecting,
666
00:39:12,240 --> 00:39:14,840
who they're sending it to,
and whether they ever asked me,
667
00:39:14,880 --> 00:39:17,320
in advance,
my permission to do that.
668
00:39:17,360 --> 00:39:20,440
Is that a fair thing for
a user of Facebook to expect?
669
00:39:25,000 --> 00:39:28,280
The Zuckerberg Files came out of...
a project where I was thinking
670
00:39:28,320 --> 00:39:31,200
about how does Zuckerberg
talk about privacy?
671
00:39:31,240 --> 00:39:34,560
So I started collecting blog posts
and speeches or interviews
672
00:39:34,600 --> 00:39:36,520
that he gave around privacy
673
00:39:36,560 --> 00:39:39,520
and decided to build
a digital archive.
674
00:39:39,560 --> 00:39:41,840
And so we've created
the Zuckerberg Files
675
00:39:41,880 --> 00:39:45,000
and have been collecting every
single thing that he says in public.
676
00:39:45,040 --> 00:39:48,960
One of the earliest clips
that we have is a family video
677
00:39:49,000 --> 00:39:51,040
of when Mark Zuckerberg received
678
00:39:51,080 --> 00:39:54,440
his acceptance letter
into Harvard University.
679
00:39:54,480 --> 00:39:58,280
One of his other first interviews
he gave to some filmmakers
680
00:39:58,320 --> 00:40:01,000
is him sitting on a couch
in shorts with a red cup,
681
00:40:01,040 --> 00:40:03,600
probably with beer in it,
and a T-shirt just hanging out
682
00:40:03,640 --> 00:40:05,440
and giving an interview.
683
00:40:05,480 --> 00:40:08,720
I mean, whether we have something
that will last for a long time
684
00:40:08,760 --> 00:40:10,840
or is this just, like,
kind of a cool toy
685
00:40:10,880 --> 00:40:13,120
for people to play with now?
We'll see.
686
00:40:13,160 --> 00:40:15,520
And that's one of the fun things
about the archive.
687
00:40:15,560 --> 00:40:19,000
We can see how he's kind of evolved
and how his image changes.
688
00:40:19,040 --> 00:40:22,280
And one of the moments when that
happened was an interview he gave
689
00:40:22,320 --> 00:40:25,280
where there were really hot lights,
some controversies going on,
690
00:40:25,320 --> 00:40:28,160
some really hard questions.
He was sweating onstage.
691
00:40:28,200 --> 00:40:31,040
INTERVIEWER: You want to take off
the hoodie?Woah.
692
00:40:32,080 --> 00:40:33,920
Alright. That's OK.
693
00:40:33,960 --> 00:40:36,680
You could tell he was uncomfortable.
He took off his sweatshirt
694
00:40:36,720 --> 00:40:41,320
and inside of his sweatshirt is like
this kind of weird company logo.
695
00:40:41,360 --> 00:40:43,800
We print our mission on the inside.
What?
696
00:40:43,840 --> 00:40:45,640
What is it? "Making the..."
697
00:40:45,680 --> 00:40:47,840
Making the world
more open and connected.
698
00:40:47,880 --> 00:40:49,880
Oh, my God. It's like a secret cult.
699
00:40:49,920 --> 00:40:52,200
(LAUGHTER)
700
00:40:52,240 --> 00:40:55,160
And really, from that point on,
I think then they brought in
701
00:40:55,200 --> 00:40:57,600
the corporate communication
heavyweights,
702
00:40:57,640 --> 00:40:59,320
gave him some speech training.
703
00:40:59,360 --> 00:41:02,520
That's when we start seeing the jokes
about Zuckerberg as a robot.
704
00:41:02,560 --> 00:41:06,800
And, you know, and that there's this
kind of coldness to how he engages.
705
00:41:08,600 --> 00:41:11,720
More recently, he's been posting
more about his family...
706
00:41:12,760 --> 00:41:16,080
..including now occasionally
pictures of his children.
707
00:41:16,120 --> 00:41:19,360
But interestingly, we rarely
see his children's faces.
708
00:41:19,400 --> 00:41:22,440
So, I'm assuming he wants
to make sure his kids faces
709
00:41:22,480 --> 00:41:25,200
don't get put online
for privacy reasons
710
00:41:25,240 --> 00:41:28,360
or any kind of face recognition
or for their own safety.
711
00:41:28,400 --> 00:41:31,200
But of course,
his platform has built tools
712
00:41:31,240 --> 00:41:33,240
to scan our pictures and our faces.
713
00:41:35,240 --> 00:41:38,720
So, he's taking these steps
to protect his family, you know,
714
00:41:38,760 --> 00:41:41,920
in ways that maybe many users
don't understand how they should be
715
00:41:41,960 --> 00:41:45,680
doing similar things to protect
their own privacy on his platform.
716
00:41:49,120 --> 00:41:51,920
Facebook, as I said, Josh, hitting
another new all time high today,
717
00:41:51,960 --> 00:41:54,720
above 70 bucks.
It just seems unstoppable.
718
00:41:54,760 --> 00:41:56,640
They like every move he makes, now.
719
00:41:56,680 --> 00:41:59,760
I don't know how much longer this
lasts, but for right now,
720
00:41:59,800 --> 00:42:02,440
it seems he can do no wrong, and the
stock price reflects that.
721
00:42:21,560 --> 00:42:23,760
(CROWD CHEERING)
(CAMERAS CLICKING)
722
00:42:24,760 --> 00:42:28,680
Ladies and gentlemen,
I am officially running...
723
00:42:31,040 --> 00:42:33,560
..for President
of the United States.
724
00:42:33,600 --> 00:42:36,760
HARBATH: When Trump first
came down that escalator...
725
00:42:36,800 --> 00:42:39,760
to announce that he was running
for president, myself,
726
00:42:39,800 --> 00:42:41,480
like a lot of others, was like,
727
00:42:41,520 --> 00:42:44,440
"This is probably not
going to last very long."
728
00:42:45,440 --> 00:42:48,920
I got an email one night
from Trump's PR that said...
729
00:42:48,960 --> 00:42:52,400
"Trump's thinking about running
for president. You want to help?"
730
00:42:52,440 --> 00:42:54,480
I was like, "Yeah, sure."
731
00:42:55,360 --> 00:42:57,560
I walk into this big room.
732
00:42:57,600 --> 00:42:59,440
So, I listened for an hour
733
00:42:59,480 --> 00:43:01,840
to a pitch of all this stuff
they're gonna do.
734
00:43:01,880 --> 00:43:04,160
And they asked what I think,
and I just said, "No."
735
00:43:04,200 --> 00:43:07,200
I just said, "We're going to do
something completely different."
736
00:43:07,240 --> 00:43:10,160
I said, "We're going to win
this thing on Facebook."
737
00:43:12,160 --> 00:43:15,120
I went home, and I focused all day,
every day,
738
00:43:15,160 --> 00:43:18,000
creating most of the content,
doing everything myself,
739
00:43:18,040 --> 00:43:19,960
my laptop at home, just me.
740
00:43:20,760 --> 00:43:24,040
We need to talk directly to every
single person individually
741
00:43:24,080 --> 00:43:26,760
so that they can have
the proper understanding
742
00:43:26,800 --> 00:43:28,720
of who Donald Trump is
and what he wants to do.
743
00:43:30,160 --> 00:43:32,440
Voters have busy lives,
they're doing things,
744
00:43:32,480 --> 00:43:35,240
but they're on Facebook during
lunch. Facebook in the evenings.
745
00:43:35,280 --> 00:43:37,680
They're on Facebook in the restroom.
746
00:43:37,720 --> 00:43:41,600
So, you have these moments of time
where you can get into their brain.
747
00:43:41,640 --> 00:43:43,680
Facebook said,
"We'll give you a team.
748
00:43:43,720 --> 00:43:46,640
They can sit in your office all day
and ask them whatever you want.
749
00:43:46,680 --> 00:43:49,320
Anything breaks, they'll fix it,
if you spend this much money."
750
00:43:49,360 --> 00:43:51,000
I said, I'm going spend
$100 million."
751
00:43:51,040 --> 00:43:53,280
They're like, "Well, that's plenty."
752
00:43:54,520 --> 00:43:57,680
THOMPSON: Zuckerberg's ideology is
to 'bring the world together'.
753
00:43:57,720 --> 00:43:59,680
Donald Trump,
whether you like him or not,
754
00:43:59,720 --> 00:44:02,280
that is certainly not his ideology.
755
00:44:02,320 --> 00:44:05,520
I think he probably thought it was
going be the best possible outcome.
756
00:44:05,560 --> 00:44:07,480
Donald Trump driving
lots of engagement,
757
00:44:07,520 --> 00:44:10,080
Donald Trump buying lots of ads
and then Donald Trump losing.
758
00:44:10,120 --> 00:44:11,920
I think they thought
they'd take the money
759
00:44:11,960 --> 00:44:14,200
and Trump would be a joke
and they'd benefit from it.
760
00:44:14,240 --> 00:44:16,920
I don't think they saw what was
coming at all. I did.
761
00:44:16,960 --> 00:44:20,680
And yes, we will build a wall.
762
00:44:21,560 --> 00:44:24,360
MCNAMEE: The way you work with
Facebook as you say,
763
00:44:24,400 --> 00:44:26,680
the people I want to reach
look like this.
764
00:44:27,680 --> 00:44:30,760
Find all the people in Facebook...
765
00:44:30,800 --> 00:44:32,680
who look like the people I want.
766
00:44:32,720 --> 00:44:36,360
And when you have one in seven
voters in your custom audience,
767
00:44:36,400 --> 00:44:38,760
the precision with which
you can target
768
00:44:38,800 --> 00:44:40,400
is completely unprecedented.
769
00:44:41,520 --> 00:44:44,360
THOMPSON: So he says, "I'm going to
sell a ton of hats
770
00:44:44,400 --> 00:44:46,400
that say, 'Make America Great'."
771
00:44:46,440 --> 00:44:49,360
Somebody buys one of those hats,
and then he says to Facebook,
772
00:44:49,400 --> 00:44:52,680
OK, now put a Trump 2016 ad
773
00:44:52,720 --> 00:44:55,520
in front of everybody
who has characteristics
774
00:44:55,560 --> 00:44:57,880
similar to the person
who bought the hat.
775
00:44:57,920 --> 00:45:01,080
Facebook knows everything
about everybody.
776
00:45:01,120 --> 00:45:04,720
So it finds all of these people
who are similar, in whatever way
777
00:45:04,760 --> 00:45:06,600
the Facebook algorithm can determine,
778
00:45:06,640 --> 00:45:08,560
to the person
who just bought the hat.
779
00:45:09,880 --> 00:45:12,640
HARBATH: Anything we were offering
to the Trump team.
780
00:45:12,680 --> 00:45:14,920
We're also offering
to the Clinton team.
781
00:45:15,760 --> 00:45:18,400
Hillary's folks were like,
"Thanks, we've got it.
782
00:45:18,440 --> 00:45:21,080
Don't call us. We'll call you
if we need help.
783
00:45:22,240 --> 00:45:26,440
Donald J Trump is calling for a
total and complete shutdown
784
00:45:26,480 --> 00:45:29,520
of Muslims entering
the United States
785
00:45:29,560 --> 00:45:33,040
until our country's representatives
786
00:45:33,080 --> 00:45:36,480
can figure out what
the hell is going on.
787
00:45:36,520 --> 00:45:38,360
(CROWD CHEERING)
788
00:45:38,400 --> 00:45:40,960
THOMPSON: Facebook was a perfect
medium for Donald Trump.
789
00:45:41,000 --> 00:45:44,000
He appeals to the emotions
that work on Facebook,
790
00:45:44,040 --> 00:45:47,160
our lizard brain emotions, and not
our thoughtful brain emotions.
791
00:45:47,200 --> 00:45:50,320
Hate him, love him. You have
immediate reactions to Donald Trump.
792
00:45:50,360 --> 00:45:54,240
That's how the Facebook algorithm
was tuned, particularly in 2016.
793
00:45:54,280 --> 00:45:57,520
I went to go check my phone
and I see Trump's post
794
00:45:57,560 --> 00:46:00,760
and immediately I'm like,
795
00:46:00,800 --> 00:46:03,160
"Oh, no, this is not good."
796
00:46:04,240 --> 00:46:07,400
And I ping some folks on my team
and I'm like,
797
00:46:07,440 --> 00:46:10,560
"Make sure nobody takes down
this post
798
00:46:10,600 --> 00:46:13,320
without escalating it
up to leadership."
799
00:46:15,600 --> 00:46:19,680
ALLAN: They are crossing a line
and we've not had that before.
800
00:46:19,720 --> 00:46:21,920
We want to protect political speech.
801
00:46:21,960 --> 00:46:25,200
And the assumption was that
political candidates
802
00:46:25,240 --> 00:46:29,520
will not say completely unreasonable
things that break our rules.
803
00:46:29,560 --> 00:46:32,000
You got to see this guy.
Oh, I don't know what I said.
804
00:46:32,040 --> 00:46:34,120
Aagh! I don't remember.
805
00:46:34,960 --> 00:46:37,960
He's starting to put things on
Facebook that are challenging us
806
00:46:38,000 --> 00:46:41,080
that we never thought
we'd have to grapple with.
807
00:46:41,120 --> 00:46:44,160
So if you see somebody getting ready
to throw a tomato,
808
00:46:44,200 --> 00:46:46,600
knock the crap out of it, would you?
Seriously?
809
00:46:46,640 --> 00:46:50,120
Are we seriously now in a spot
where we're have to think about...
810
00:46:50,960 --> 00:46:55,280
taking down content from a potential
President of the United States?
811
00:46:59,120 --> 00:47:01,440
Normally we'd have that
discussion with Sheryl.
812
00:47:01,480 --> 00:47:04,520
If it's sufficiently momentous,
813
00:47:04,560 --> 00:47:07,640
then Sheryl will then
take it to Mark,
814
00:47:07,680 --> 00:47:10,520
and then he'll either
go with it or he won't.
815
00:47:10,560 --> 00:47:14,120
When Mexico sends its people...
they're bringing drugs.
816
00:47:14,160 --> 00:47:17,080
They're bringing crime.
They're rapists.
817
00:47:18,080 --> 00:47:20,960
Mark did understand
the scope for abuse,
818
00:47:21,000 --> 00:47:23,920
and he felt that
the way you avoid that
819
00:47:23,960 --> 00:47:26,880
is you say we, the platform,
are neutral.
820
00:47:26,920 --> 00:47:29,520
We don't decide
what's in your news feed.
821
00:47:29,560 --> 00:47:32,440
You, the user, decide
what's in your news feed.
822
00:47:33,360 --> 00:47:35,600
HARBATH: Mark does
an interesting interview
823
00:47:35,640 --> 00:47:37,840
where he is in a room
full of people,
824
00:47:37,880 --> 00:47:42,280
and you can see he really held on to
this idea that all speech is good
825
00:47:42,320 --> 00:47:45,040
and that people would see
the misinformation for what it was.
826
00:47:46,080 --> 00:47:49,600
This is tricky, right?
Because lies....
827
00:47:50,960 --> 00:47:55,240
What the line is between something
which is factually untrue
828
00:47:55,280 --> 00:47:58,280
and what is a disagreement of opinion
829
00:47:58,320 --> 00:48:00,760
is not always a black and white line.
830
00:48:01,800 --> 00:48:05,840
we don't want to block people from
sharing something on Facebook,
831
00:48:05,880 --> 00:48:07,880
even if it's untrue.
832
00:48:08,920 --> 00:48:12,040
Forget the press. Read the Internet.
833
00:48:12,080 --> 00:48:15,400
Study other things.
Don't go for the mainstream media.
834
00:48:15,440 --> 00:48:18,520
I saw how Facebook was polluting
the news ecosystem,
835
00:48:18,560 --> 00:48:21,640
and I saw that
it was making media worse.
836
00:48:21,680 --> 00:48:24,960
I noticed that stories
with no information,
837
00:48:25,000 --> 00:48:28,760
salacious headlines,
all kinds of problematic features
838
00:48:28,800 --> 00:48:31,280
were doing much better
than other stories.
839
00:48:32,760 --> 00:48:34,600
That's when I started to really say,
840
00:48:34,640 --> 00:48:36,920
"Oh, wait, what's going on here?"
841
00:48:37,840 --> 00:48:41,080
And then, of course, we have Crooked
Hillary. Crooked Hillary!
842
00:48:41,120 --> 00:48:43,480
(INDISTINCT CROWD CHANTS)
843
00:48:48,160 --> 00:48:50,280
What should we be thinking
about fact checking?
844
00:48:50,320 --> 00:48:52,800
Should we be thinking about this?
845
00:48:52,840 --> 00:48:55,160
Is there anybody more
crooked than this woman?
846
00:48:55,200 --> 00:48:56,840
We're in the middle of an election.
847
00:48:56,880 --> 00:49:00,040
We don't want to look like we're
putting our thumbs on the scale.
848
00:49:00,920 --> 00:49:05,640
I was like, "He might win?
No, he's not going to win."
849
00:49:05,680 --> 00:49:07,640
I kind of had this...
850
00:49:07,680 --> 00:49:11,240
two sides in my brain fighting
against one another.
851
00:49:11,280 --> 00:49:13,640
And I think a lot of others
at the company did, too.
852
00:49:15,600 --> 00:49:18,240
ANNOUNCER: Please welcome
the co-founder of PayPal
853
00:49:18,280 --> 00:49:22,120
and first investor in Facebook,
entrepreneur, Peter Thiel.
854
00:49:23,760 --> 00:49:26,480
Good evening. I'm Peter Theil.
855
00:49:26,520 --> 00:49:30,480
I build companies and I support
people who are building new things,
856
00:49:30,520 --> 00:49:32,800
from social networks to rocket ships.
857
00:49:33,600 --> 00:49:37,280
I'm not a politician,
but neither is Donald Trump.
858
00:49:38,160 --> 00:49:42,520
He is a builder,
and it's time to rebuild America.
859
00:49:44,840 --> 00:49:47,840
REPORTER: He's a self-described
libertarian,
860
00:49:47,880 --> 00:49:49,920
but he's a delegate
for Donald Trump.
861
00:49:49,960 --> 00:49:52,520
He's an immigrant from Germany, pro
tech, obviously.
862
00:49:52,560 --> 00:49:54,320
And is openly gay.
863
00:50:00,760 --> 00:50:04,240
Tonight, I urge all
of my fellow Americans
864
00:50:04,280 --> 00:50:07,560
to stand up and vote
for Donald Trump.
865
00:50:07,600 --> 00:50:10,600
(CHEERING AND APPLAUSE)
866
00:50:11,440 --> 00:50:14,120
CHAFKIN: Peter Thiel is very
interested in business,
867
00:50:14,160 --> 00:50:18,120
but has spent two decades as
a right-wing political activist.
868
00:50:20,880 --> 00:50:22,800
I think Thiel...
869
00:50:22,840 --> 00:50:25,240
has had an influence
on Zuckerberg's politics.
870
00:50:25,280 --> 00:50:29,560
And insofar as Zuckerberg is kind
of a libertarian who thinks that,
871
00:50:29,600 --> 00:50:32,160
you know, the world be better
off if tech companies could just
872
00:50:32,200 --> 00:50:35,200
do whatever they want and the
government should get out of his way
873
00:50:35,240 --> 00:50:39,200
and that he's kind of more OK with
Donald Trump than a lot of people.
874
00:50:39,240 --> 00:50:43,440
Those are things that Thiel,
I think, had an influence on him.
875
00:50:43,480 --> 00:50:46,720
But I don't think Zuckerberg has
deep political views at all.
876
00:50:46,760 --> 00:50:48,840
I think his politics are Facebook
877
00:50:48,880 --> 00:50:51,040
and his politics are
Mark Zuckerberg.
878
00:50:53,440 --> 00:50:56,000
PARSCALE: I'm upstairs
with Trump in his residence,
879
00:50:56,040 --> 00:50:59,120
and I get a phone call from my data
staff that's pulling out the numbers
880
00:50:59,160 --> 00:51:02,000
and they're like, "Brad you did it.
881
00:51:02,040 --> 00:51:05,160
The numbers are there.
Trump's won. I can't believe it."
882
00:51:06,080 --> 00:51:08,880
I walked out and I told Donald
Trump, I shook his hand
883
00:51:08,920 --> 00:51:11,400
and I said, "Congratulations,
Mr President."
884
00:51:11,440 --> 00:51:13,600
He said, "Really?"
And I said, "It's done.
885
00:51:13,640 --> 00:51:16,320
They'll recount it two or three
times before they announce it.
886
00:51:16,360 --> 00:51:18,360
But you won.
887
00:51:19,240 --> 00:51:21,800
REPORTER: And confirmed
that Donald Trump
888
00:51:21,840 --> 00:51:25,400
will be the 45th President
of the United States.
889
00:51:32,560 --> 00:51:34,880
THOMPSON: People are just shocked.
890
00:51:34,920 --> 00:51:38,320
How did this happen? What's going on?
What does it mean?
891
00:51:38,360 --> 00:51:43,120
And one of the quick
and early hypotheses is,
892
00:51:43,160 --> 00:51:46,560
"Oh, wait, it's because of Facebook.
Because the fake news on Facebook.
893
00:51:46,600 --> 00:51:49,440
It's because the way
the Facebook algorithm worked.
894
00:51:50,320 --> 00:51:53,200
Stories start to come out
about Russian influence.
895
00:51:53,240 --> 00:51:55,160
And the stories are overcooked,
896
00:51:55,200 --> 00:51:57,600
and they give too much credit
to the Russians.
897
00:52:00,800 --> 00:52:04,480
But suddenly it looks like
Facebook missed something.
898
00:52:09,880 --> 00:52:12,280
(CHEERING AND APPLAUSE)
899
00:52:13,680 --> 00:52:18,120
I ran a company which put-on
high-end tech conferences,
900
00:52:18,160 --> 00:52:22,480
and for years I had been trying to
get Zuckerberg to come and speak.
901
00:52:22,520 --> 00:52:25,480
And finally, you know, I hit it.
902
00:52:25,520 --> 00:52:28,040
Hey!
Hey. Good to see you.
903
00:52:28,080 --> 00:52:31,920
I wasn't even associating his
speaking at the conference
904
00:52:31,960 --> 00:52:34,880
with the fact that it was
two days after the election.
905
00:52:36,680 --> 00:52:38,800
And I do remember thinking...
906
00:52:38,840 --> 00:52:42,680
before he was on stage with me
that he seemed very preoccupied.
907
00:52:44,000 --> 00:52:47,080
But thank you so much
for being here.Glad to.
908
00:52:47,120 --> 00:52:50,080
Post election you've been getting
a lot of pushback
909
00:52:50,120 --> 00:52:53,200
from people who feel that you didn't
filter out enough
910
00:52:53,240 --> 00:52:56,200
fake stories during
the course of the campaign.
911
00:52:56,240 --> 00:53:01,560
You know, personally... I think
the idea that...
912
00:53:02,640 --> 00:53:05,080
..you know, fake news on Facebook
913
00:53:05,120 --> 00:53:08,200
of which, you know,
it's a very small amount
914
00:53:08,240 --> 00:53:10,840
of- of the content,
915
00:53:10,880 --> 00:53:15,760
influenced the election in any way I
think is a pretty crazy idea, right?
916
00:53:15,800 --> 00:53:19,280
I was still fundamentally
sympathetic to him
917
00:53:19,320 --> 00:53:21,480
up to that point.
918
00:53:21,520 --> 00:53:25,120
But it was clear that,
no, it wasn't a crazy idea at all.
919
00:53:25,160 --> 00:53:27,960
That, in fact, whether they swung
the election or not
920
00:53:28,000 --> 00:53:30,160
is still a subject of debate,
921
00:53:30,200 --> 00:53:32,400
but fake news on Facebook had
had an impact.
922
00:53:32,440 --> 00:53:34,680
I was deeply disappointed in him.
923
00:53:35,960 --> 00:53:39,080
I was forced to think very hard.
924
00:53:40,120 --> 00:53:42,520
What do I really think about him?
925
00:53:42,560 --> 00:53:45,280
Thank you so much for being here.
Thank you, guys.
926
00:53:49,240 --> 00:53:52,840
I was really alarmed by what was
increasingly obvious
927
00:53:52,880 --> 00:53:56,760
to be the consequences of his
failures of governance.
928
00:53:59,040 --> 00:54:02,760
Overnight, we went from everything
we touched to turn to gold.
929
00:54:02,800 --> 00:54:06,240
To everything we touched
turned to dust.
930
00:54:06,280 --> 00:54:09,120
And now we're grappling with...
931
00:54:10,080 --> 00:54:12,560
..the downsides of this thing
that we built.
932
00:54:14,360 --> 00:54:17,760
When I first joined,
movies were being made.
933
00:54:17,800 --> 00:54:20,520
The founder is on the cover
of Time magazine.
934
00:54:20,560 --> 00:54:22,840
You're overthrowing dictators.
935
00:54:23,760 --> 00:54:27,680
And now seven years later, you're
being told you destroyed democracy.
936
00:54:30,000 --> 00:54:33,240
KIRKPATRICK It wasn't until
Donald Trump was elected
937
00:54:33,280 --> 00:54:35,440
that it began to be apparent
938
00:54:35,480 --> 00:54:38,120
just how dangerous a system
like this could be.
939
00:54:38,160 --> 00:54:41,000
And don't forget,
it was also Brexit.
940
00:54:41,040 --> 00:54:45,440
The sun has risen on an
independent United Kingdom.
941
00:54:45,480 --> 00:54:47,640
Erdogan in Turkey.
942
00:54:47,680 --> 00:54:49,760
Duterte in the Philippines.
943
00:54:49,800 --> 00:54:51,680
Orban in Hungary.
944
00:54:51,720 --> 00:54:56,280
All elected using Facebook,
in every single case.
945
00:54:59,560 --> 00:55:02,520
Everything changes from,
sort of, 2016 onwards
946
00:55:02,560 --> 00:55:04,640
after that Trump election.
947
00:55:04,680 --> 00:55:07,760
People in the company went
from feeling the sense of loyalty
948
00:55:07,800 --> 00:55:11,240
to feeling they had a wider loyalty
to something outside.
949
00:55:12,080 --> 00:55:14,680
They went from being proud to go
out and say I work for Facebook
950
00:55:14,720 --> 00:55:16,640
to being ashamed of it.
951
00:55:16,680 --> 00:55:19,000
You start to think,
maybe we are the bad guys.
952
00:55:24,160 --> 00:55:28,800
In terms of Mark's persona,
his big positive persona
953
00:55:28,840 --> 00:55:32,200
becomes a big negative persona
from that point onwards.
954
00:55:32,240 --> 00:55:34,400
Alright. Hey, everyone.
955
00:55:34,440 --> 00:55:37,440
I'm here with my friend
956
00:55:37,480 --> 00:55:39,720
and Facebook COO, Sheryl Sandberg,
957
00:55:39,760 --> 00:55:42,440
for our typical one-on-one.
(LAUGHTER)
958
00:55:42,480 --> 00:55:44,760
Welcome to our one-on-one.
Here we are. (CHUCKLES)
959
00:55:45,920 --> 00:55:49,760
FRENKEL: Sheryl Sandberg and Mark,
do these twice a week, one-on-ones.
960
00:55:49,800 --> 00:55:53,160
But it's put on for show
to make people feel that
961
00:55:53,200 --> 00:55:57,600
Facebook is a place largely for
good, rather than with conspiracies,
962
00:55:57,640 --> 00:56:00,880
hate speech and misinformation that
was really flooding the platform.
963
00:56:00,920 --> 00:56:03,200
It's been a really important year
for sharing
964
00:56:03,240 --> 00:56:05,800
because a lot has happened
and not all of it positive.
965
00:56:05,840 --> 00:56:08,480
This has been a year of
a lot of angst,
966
00:56:08,520 --> 00:56:11,840
a lot of people having issues,
really serious issues,
967
00:56:11,880 --> 00:56:15,120
violence, war, terrorism
all around the world.
968
00:56:15,160 --> 00:56:17,440
But you also see these
other moments.
969
00:56:17,480 --> 00:56:19,920
You see, you know, the number one
live video of the year
970
00:56:19,960 --> 00:56:21,880
was the Chewbacca mom.
Hey.
971
00:56:21,920 --> 00:56:25,920
I'm really excited to
share with you something I got.
972
00:56:25,960 --> 00:56:27,840
Here we go.
973
00:56:27,880 --> 00:56:30,240
I got to take of my glasses
for it. (LAUGHS)
974
00:56:33,320 --> 00:56:35,560
Naturally.
OK, here we go.
975
00:56:35,600 --> 00:56:38,440
So, yes.
976
00:56:38,480 --> 00:56:40,760
Now, watch when my mouth
actually moves.
977
00:56:40,800 --> 00:56:43,040
(CHEWBACCA ROAR)
978
00:56:43,080 --> 00:56:44,920
(CHEWBACCA ROAR)
979
00:56:44,960 --> 00:56:48,120
(LAUGHS, CHEWBACCA ROAR)
980
00:56:48,160 --> 00:56:50,880
Oh, my gosh. I'm in tears.
981
00:56:52,880 --> 00:56:56,400
REPORTER: We see the Jewellers
and other Muslim-owned businesses
982
00:56:56,440 --> 00:56:59,680
being ransacked by Buddhist
residents and monks.
983
00:57:02,560 --> 00:57:05,280
In my mind, Myanmar
is the starkest example
984
00:57:05,320 --> 00:57:07,520
of what can go wrong with Facebook.
985
00:57:07,560 --> 00:57:09,760
It comes at a moment
where Facebook is desperate
986
00:57:09,800 --> 00:57:11,640
to expand to the rest of the world.
987
00:57:11,680 --> 00:57:14,360
They are committed to bringing
on the next 1 billion users.
988
00:57:14,400 --> 00:57:18,360
There is virtually no research done
into Myanmar as a country
989
00:57:18,400 --> 00:57:20,680
or understanding that
this is a place in the world
990
00:57:20,720 --> 00:57:23,160
where there is no free press,
there are no, you know,
991
00:57:23,200 --> 00:57:25,800
independent government institutions.
992
00:57:26,880 --> 00:57:29,040
They were buying their own PR,
993
00:57:29,080 --> 00:57:31,720
that the most important thing was
to bring people online.
994
00:57:31,760 --> 00:57:35,680
And if you brought people online,
inherent good would come from that.
995
00:57:35,720 --> 00:57:38,680
And they didn't want to listen
to the many people
996
00:57:38,720 --> 00:57:41,480
who were telling them
that in some cases,
997
00:57:41,520 --> 00:57:44,920
bringing people online
when there wasn't media literacy
998
00:57:44,960 --> 00:57:48,560
or a Free Press
or any other institution
999
00:57:48,600 --> 00:57:50,680
to hold it in account
could lead to hate speech.
1000
00:57:53,480 --> 00:57:57,320
REPORTER: From a hilltop, we see a
young man, presumably Muslim,
1001
00:57:57,360 --> 00:57:59,680
attacked by men wielding sticks.
1002
00:58:00,880 --> 00:58:03,160
He staggers, attempting to flee...
1003
00:58:05,960 --> 00:58:07,960
..but he is forced to the earth.
1004
00:58:09,280 --> 00:58:11,920
I was a reporter in Myanmar,
and I wrote an article...
1005
00:58:13,240 --> 00:58:16,920
..and part of that article
documented the rise in hate speech.
1006
00:58:18,200 --> 00:58:20,840
I interviewed people
in Myanmar who said,
1007
00:58:20,880 --> 00:58:24,720
"I didn't know the Rohingya
were raping and killing our women.
1008
00:58:24,760 --> 00:58:27,320
But now that I'm on Facebook,
I know the Rohingya are actually
1009
00:58:27,360 --> 00:58:29,600
these horrible creatures, you know."
1010
00:58:29,640 --> 00:58:33,080
And I took that to Facebook,
as a reporter and I said,
1011
00:58:33,120 --> 00:58:35,760
"Can you please look at these posts
that I'm sending you?
1012
00:58:35,800 --> 00:58:37,880
Because I can tell that
this is actually footage
1013
00:58:37,920 --> 00:58:40,200
that's been manipulated to make it
look as if
1014
00:58:40,240 --> 00:58:43,200
the Rohingya are
carrying out atrocities.
1015
00:58:43,240 --> 00:58:45,600
And Facebook told me to take a hike.
1016
00:58:49,160 --> 00:58:51,760
Later, I found out
even more activists
1017
00:58:51,800 --> 00:58:54,160
begin to send Facebook warnings
1018
00:58:54,200 --> 00:58:57,200
and saying hate speech
has just gone off the rails.
1019
00:58:57,240 --> 00:58:59,280
Report after report after report
1020
00:58:59,320 --> 00:59:01,840
and Facebook does nothing.
1021
00:59:01,880 --> 00:59:05,520
They even bring in an activist to
speak to them in their headquarters
1022
00:59:05,560 --> 00:59:10,200
who says, "If you do nothing,
a genocide could happen."
1023
00:59:10,240 --> 00:59:12,560
People that walk out
of that room with him and go,
1024
00:59:12,600 --> 00:59:14,440
"I think he's exaggerating.
1025
00:59:14,480 --> 00:59:16,360
I don't think he knows
what he's talking about.
1026
00:59:16,400 --> 00:59:18,640
That's not gonna happen.
That's not gonna be our fault.
1027
00:59:18,680 --> 00:59:22,000
SENATOR: You know, six months ago,
I asked your general counsel
1028
00:59:22,040 --> 00:59:25,320
about Facebook's role as
a breeding ground for hate speech.
1029
00:59:25,360 --> 00:59:28,560
This is a type of content I
was referring to,
1030
00:59:28,600 --> 00:59:31,800
it calls for the death
of a Muslim journalist.
1031
00:59:33,840 --> 00:59:37,520
That threat went straight
through your detection systems,
1032
00:59:37,560 --> 00:59:39,920
it spread very quickly.
1033
00:59:39,960 --> 00:59:43,960
And then it took attempt
after attempt after attempt
1034
00:59:44,000 --> 00:59:46,200
to get you to remove it.
1035
00:59:46,240 --> 00:59:50,200
Senator, what's happening in Myanmar
is a terrible tragedy
1036
00:59:50,240 --> 00:59:53,840
and we need to do more-We all
agree with that.OK.But...
1037
00:59:55,000 --> 00:59:58,600
..UN investigators have blamed you,
1038
00:59:58,640 --> 01:00:00,880
blamed Facebook for playing a role
1039
01:00:00,920 --> 01:00:03,760
in citing possible
genocide in Myanmar.
1040
01:00:07,240 --> 01:00:10,720
He sees himself as having built
a platform for all humanity.
1041
01:00:11,760 --> 01:00:14,200
And in his mind,
that's a good thing.
1042
01:00:14,240 --> 01:00:16,400
There will be tremendous benefits
1043
01:00:16,440 --> 01:00:20,000
from making the world more open and
connected, et cetera, et cetera.
1044
01:00:20,040 --> 01:00:22,640
But humanity includes
some bad actors.
1045
01:00:22,680 --> 01:00:26,120
There's a lot of nasty people.
That's not his problem.
1046
01:00:26,160 --> 01:00:28,680
Yeah, there's going to be some
nasty shit that happens.
1047
01:00:28,720 --> 01:00:32,320
People are going to do things that
are illegal, immoral, cruel,
1048
01:00:32,360 --> 01:00:34,920
hateful, murderous, even.
1049
01:00:34,960 --> 01:00:37,680
"But don't blame me.
That's human nature."
1050
01:00:39,480 --> 01:00:42,960
REPORTER: It is reported that both
the Justice Department and the FBI
1051
01:00:43,000 --> 01:00:45,640
are investigating the now-defunct
political data firm,
1052
01:00:45,680 --> 01:00:47,600
Cambridge Analytica.
1053
01:00:47,640 --> 01:00:50,680
REPORTER: The data firm hired by
Donald Trump's presidential election
1054
01:00:50,720 --> 01:00:53,400
campaign used
secretly-obtained information
1055
01:00:53,440 --> 01:00:56,920
from tens of millions of
unsuspecting Facebook users.
1056
01:00:56,960 --> 01:01:00,720
Misuse of Facebook data is at
the centre of this scandal
1057
01:01:00,760 --> 01:01:03,960
involving both Facebook
and Cambridge Analytica.
1058
01:01:10,920 --> 01:01:13,560
Facebook now says 87 million users
1059
01:01:13,600 --> 01:01:17,240
may have had their information
shared with Cambridge Analytica.
1060
01:01:18,120 --> 01:01:20,840
We, as the public were impacted by
it,
1061
01:01:20,880 --> 01:01:23,600
notably have not heard
from the brand name of Facebook,
1062
01:01:23,640 --> 01:01:26,320
Mark Zuckerberg or
COO, Sheryl Sandberg.
1063
01:01:27,680 --> 01:01:30,160
Neither one of them wanted
to be the face of this.
1064
01:01:30,200 --> 01:01:32,800
And Zuckerberg was probably like,
1065
01:01:32,840 --> 01:01:35,280
"Well, it's your thing,
it's your department."
1066
01:01:35,320 --> 01:01:37,960
And she was probably
like, "You're the CEO."
1067
01:01:38,000 --> 01:01:41,480
And neither one of them could decide
who would go out and take the heat.
1068
01:01:41,520 --> 01:01:45,200
And eventually, five days later, it's
clear that someone has to come out.
1069
01:01:45,240 --> 01:01:48,200
I want to start with just
a basic question, Mark.
1070
01:01:48,240 --> 01:01:50,160
What happened? What went wrong?
1071
01:01:50,200 --> 01:01:52,600
So, this was a major breach of trust.
1072
01:01:52,640 --> 01:01:55,280
And I'm really sorry
that this happened.
1073
01:01:55,320 --> 01:01:58,200
SENATOR: You know, you have
a long list of apologies.
1074
01:01:58,240 --> 01:02:01,040
In 2003, it started at Harvard.
1075
01:02:01,080 --> 01:02:04,880
"I apologise for any harm done
as a result of my neglect."
1076
01:02:04,920 --> 01:02:08,120
2006, "We really messed
this one up."
1077
01:02:08,160 --> 01:02:13,000
2007, "We simply did a bad job,
I apologise for."
1078
01:02:13,040 --> 01:02:16,200
2010, "Sometimes we move too fast."
1079
01:02:16,240 --> 01:02:20,960
2011, "I'm the first to admit that
we've made a bunch of mistakes."
1080
01:02:21,000 --> 01:02:26,800
2017, "I ask for forgiveness.
I will work to do better."
1081
01:02:26,840 --> 01:02:29,280
So it seems to me...
1082
01:02:29,320 --> 01:02:32,920
that self-regulation
simply does not work.
1083
01:02:34,600 --> 01:02:37,120
Mark Zuckerberg's experience
as an individual
1084
01:02:37,160 --> 01:02:39,760
is that he does things
which upset people.
1085
01:02:39,800 --> 01:02:42,160
He apologises
and everybody moves on.
1086
01:02:42,200 --> 01:02:46,440
But there comes a moment in-
after Cambridge Analytica in 2018
1087
01:02:46,480 --> 01:02:48,880
where it's not working anymore.
1088
01:02:59,640 --> 01:03:03,360
REPORTER: Senator, do you think that
you really can trust a company
1089
01:03:03,400 --> 01:03:06,760
to police itself
when it comes to our privacy
1090
01:03:06,800 --> 01:03:10,440
and when it comes to things like
not censoring our freedom of speech?
1091
01:03:10,480 --> 01:03:13,480
As of right now, no.
1092
01:03:13,520 --> 01:03:16,320
Lawmakers in Washington were
getting impatient because
1093
01:03:16,360 --> 01:03:18,080
the controversies were stacking.
1094
01:03:18,120 --> 01:03:21,480
Sentiment was turning against
the technology industry.
1095
01:03:22,400 --> 01:03:26,040
They had wanted Mark Zuckerberg
to testify for more than a year
1096
01:03:26,080 --> 01:03:28,440
and Facebook declined, they refused.
1097
01:03:29,680 --> 01:03:32,600
And then they threatened
to subpoena Mark Zuckerberg
1098
01:03:32,640 --> 01:03:36,800
if he didn't appear in hearings
in Washington.
1099
01:03:36,840 --> 01:03:39,960
And so finally, they agreed that
1100
01:03:40,000 --> 01:03:42,200
Mark Zuckerberg would come
to testify.
1101
01:03:43,960 --> 01:03:46,320
There's a reason all these
incredibly important
1102
01:03:46,360 --> 01:03:50,680
and effective disruptors of
social media communications,
1103
01:03:50,720 --> 01:03:54,800
shopping, started in America because
we had light touch regulation.
1104
01:03:54,840 --> 01:03:57,560
Now they've gotten big.
So we have a job to step in.
1105
01:03:57,600 --> 01:04:00,880
If they don't perform according to
the rules of the road.
1106
01:04:02,200 --> 01:04:05,360
Facebook has not been regulated
at all at that point,
1107
01:04:05,400 --> 01:04:09,000
and any sort of regulation
that could pop up
1108
01:04:09,040 --> 01:04:12,240
would be catastrophic
for the company.
1109
01:04:13,200 --> 01:04:16,240
Any regulation and privacy,
and data collection
1110
01:04:16,280 --> 01:04:18,600
would impede Facebook's
business model,
1111
01:04:18,640 --> 01:04:21,080
which is to collect
as much data as possible
1112
01:04:21,120 --> 01:04:23,800
and to sell that data
to advertisers.
1113
01:04:23,840 --> 01:04:26,480
That is the heart of
Facebook's business model.
1114
01:04:30,360 --> 01:04:32,960
ALLAN: Mark knows
that it's high stakes.
1115
01:04:34,880 --> 01:04:38,480
You know that the chances of getting
something wrong are quite high.
1116
01:04:38,520 --> 01:04:41,400
So I think he's absolutely
laser-focused.
1117
01:04:42,480 --> 01:04:45,320
Facebook hired one
of the biggest law firms,
1118
01:04:45,360 --> 01:04:49,280
and for two weeks this law firm went
to Menlo Park
1119
01:04:49,320 --> 01:04:53,040
and spent time with Mark Zuckerberg
holed up in conference room,
1120
01:04:53,080 --> 01:04:55,600
grilling him in, sort of,
mock hearings,
1121
01:04:55,640 --> 01:04:58,120
grilling him on the names
of members of Congress,
1122
01:04:58,160 --> 01:05:02,040
on what questions they'd ask. It was
almost a mock debate preparation.
1123
01:05:02,080 --> 01:05:04,600
I think what he wants is,
to get in there.
1124
01:05:04,640 --> 01:05:06,520
Don't screw up. Get out.
1125
01:05:10,720 --> 01:05:13,040
REPORTER: It's a monumental moment
for Facebook.
1126
01:05:13,080 --> 01:05:15,080
This is a company
that's become ubiquitous.
1127
01:05:15,120 --> 01:05:18,640
It's now under fire for not being
transparent with its users
1128
01:05:18,680 --> 01:05:21,320
about its use of our data.
1129
01:05:21,360 --> 01:05:24,400
Now, CEO Mark Zuckerberg,
will have his moment on Capitol Hill
1130
01:05:24,440 --> 01:05:26,440
testifying before Congress.
1131
01:05:28,760 --> 01:05:31,560
The stakes are very, very high.
1132
01:05:33,280 --> 01:05:36,920
Mark Zuckerberg walked into
the hearing rooms
1133
01:05:36,960 --> 01:05:39,280
in the navy, blue suit
1134
01:05:39,320 --> 01:05:41,720
and surrounded by an entourage
of lobbyists.
1135
01:05:44,120 --> 01:05:48,600
He came in with almost, like,
a slight smile on his face,
1136
01:05:48,640 --> 01:05:52,760
trying to look cordial, trying to
look cool and calm and collected.
1137
01:05:52,800 --> 01:05:55,360
They're unfazed.
They don't want to show that
1138
01:05:55,400 --> 01:05:57,840
they're deeply inside
very, very nervous.
1139
01:06:01,800 --> 01:06:05,560
CHAFKIN: I think there was
a sense among lawmakers
1140
01:06:05,600 --> 01:06:09,200
that this was an opportunity to
arrest this...
1141
01:06:09,240 --> 01:06:13,720
incredibly fast-growing, dominant
social cultural business phenomenon.
1142
01:06:15,040 --> 01:06:17,720
Mark, are you putting
privacy over profits now?
1143
01:06:19,760 --> 01:06:22,920
KANG: His lobbyists had negotiated
with staff to make sure that
1144
01:06:22,960 --> 01:06:25,040
the air conditioning was jacked up
1145
01:06:25,080 --> 01:06:27,880
so that Mark Zuckerberg
wouldn't sweat on camera.
1146
01:06:28,960 --> 01:06:31,680
Not only is the public, competitors
1147
01:06:31,720 --> 01:06:34,120
and lawmakers all watching
this hearing,
1148
01:06:34,160 --> 01:06:36,080
but so is the stock market.
1149
01:06:36,120 --> 01:06:38,520
Investors were watching the hearings
1150
01:06:38,560 --> 01:06:41,240
to see if Mark Zuckerberg
might trip up
1151
01:06:41,280 --> 01:06:44,480
and say something that could hurt
the future of the business
1152
01:06:44,520 --> 01:06:47,400
and therefore hurt the stock.
1153
01:06:58,040 --> 01:07:01,720
(BANGING GAVEL)
1154
01:07:03,120 --> 01:07:06,040
Committee on the Judiciary
and the Commerce,
1155
01:07:06,080 --> 01:07:09,280
Science and Transportation
will come to order.
1156
01:07:12,320 --> 01:07:15,280
The beginning of the hearings
with Mark Zuckerberg are tense.
1157
01:07:15,320 --> 01:07:18,240
You could tell the Facebook
flock in the room are tense.
1158
01:07:18,280 --> 01:07:20,440
You could tell Mark is tense,
the way he's sitting.
1159
01:07:20,480 --> 01:07:23,120
He's kind of very squared off.
1160
01:07:23,160 --> 01:07:26,040
I was captivated. What are the
questions they're going to ask?
1161
01:07:26,080 --> 01:07:28,760
What are they going to uncover?
What are they going to learn?
1162
01:07:28,800 --> 01:07:30,960
SENATOR: Mr Zuckerberg,
what is Facebook doing
1163
01:07:31,000 --> 01:07:35,680
to prevent foreign actors from
interfering in US elections?
1164
01:07:35,720 --> 01:07:37,880
How will you protect user's data?
1165
01:07:37,920 --> 01:07:41,240
Do you collect user data
through cross-device tracking?
1166
01:07:41,280 --> 01:07:43,720
Are you willing to expand my right
1167
01:07:43,760 --> 01:07:45,800
to know who you're sharing
my data with?
1168
01:07:45,840 --> 01:07:48,640
Do you believe European regulations
should be applied in the US?
1169
01:07:48,680 --> 01:07:51,120
Are you willing to change
your business model
1170
01:07:51,160 --> 01:07:54,920
in the interest of protecting
individual privacy?
1171
01:07:54,960 --> 01:07:57,280
Congresswoman,
I'm not sure what that means.
1172
01:07:58,680 --> 01:08:01,320
It would seem like
that would be the start
1173
01:08:01,360 --> 01:08:04,120
of what would be
a really intense grilling.
1174
01:08:04,160 --> 01:08:07,040
But I was really surprised
to hear how many times
1175
01:08:07,080 --> 01:08:09,920
Mark Zuckerberg was able to say...I
can have my team follow up with you.
1176
01:08:09,960 --> 01:08:12,000
I'll have my team get back to you.
1177
01:08:12,040 --> 01:08:15,440
I'm happy to have my team follow up
with you if that would be helpful?
1178
01:08:15,480 --> 01:08:18,080
..without answering
the question at that moment.
1179
01:08:18,120 --> 01:08:19,920
And there was no follow up.
1180
01:08:19,960 --> 01:08:22,400
Some of the questions
were very basic and very simple.
1181
01:08:22,440 --> 01:08:25,920
And I was watching this and I was
communicating with other people
1182
01:08:25,960 --> 01:08:29,400
who follow the industry well and
they were saying the same thing.
1183
01:08:29,440 --> 01:08:31,160
Why is there no follow up?
1184
01:08:32,560 --> 01:08:36,520
Mark Zuckerberg was probably
thinking the same thing,
1185
01:08:36,560 --> 01:08:39,320
that some of these questions
were not so hard
1186
01:08:39,360 --> 01:08:42,040
and that the hearings themselves
would not be the grilling,
1187
01:08:42,080 --> 01:08:45,720
the, sort of, slaying
that he had feared.
1188
01:08:45,760 --> 01:08:48,880
You're supposed to answer 'yes'
to this question.
1189
01:08:49,880 --> 01:08:52,320
OK, come on.
I'm trying to help you, right.
1190
01:08:52,360 --> 01:08:55,240
I mean, give me a break.
The answer is 'yes'.
1191
01:08:55,280 --> 01:08:57,480
OK, so thank you.
(LAUGHTER)
1192
01:08:57,520 --> 01:09:00,120
FRENKEL: The hearings could have
been a turning point,
1193
01:09:00,160 --> 01:09:04,160
but some of the members of Congress
asked these incredibly fumbling
questions.
1194
01:09:04,200 --> 01:09:06,360
'What is this Facebook machine?'
You know,.
1195
01:09:06,400 --> 01:09:10,040
they just they sound like your dad
is asking a question about Facebook.
1196
01:09:10,080 --> 01:09:14,320
How do you sustain
a business model in which
users don't pay for your service?
1197
01:09:15,840 --> 01:09:17,840
Senator, we run ads.
1198
01:09:18,880 --> 01:09:20,360
I see.
1199
01:09:20,400 --> 01:09:23,000
It became so clear that these
members of Congress
1200
01:09:23,040 --> 01:09:27,680
didn't know the very basic
technology that Facebook ran on
1201
01:09:27,720 --> 01:09:31,480
and that they were so out
of their league in understanding
1202
01:09:31,520 --> 01:09:33,880
the fundamentals
of Facebook as a company.
1203
01:09:33,920 --> 01:09:36,120
How could they possibly
hold them to account?
1204
01:09:36,160 --> 01:09:40,000
You want to break now? Or you want
to keep going. (CHUCKLES)
1205
01:09:40,040 --> 01:09:43,440
Sure. I mean, that was that was
pretty good. So, alright.
1206
01:09:44,760 --> 01:09:46,880
In the room at that moment you
understood,
1207
01:09:46,920 --> 01:09:48,600
like, he's got this.
1208
01:09:48,640 --> 01:09:51,600
He's got these members of Congress
wrapped around his little finger.
1209
01:09:51,640 --> 01:09:53,480
I remember talking to
a Facebook executive
1210
01:09:53,520 --> 01:09:55,800
who was fairly sceptical of
Zuckerberg, talking about
1211
01:09:55,840 --> 01:09:59,880
everybody in a cafeteria celebrating
as he knocks the senators back.
1212
01:09:59,920 --> 01:10:02,680
And just that was a moment
where a company,
1213
01:10:02,720 --> 01:10:04,720
which had lost a bit of faith
in their leader,
1214
01:10:04,760 --> 01:10:06,160
decided they loved him again.
1215
01:10:06,200 --> 01:10:08,520
The hearing is adjourned.
1216
01:10:12,040 --> 01:10:14,120
He came out of it pretty well.
1217
01:10:14,160 --> 01:10:16,040
Much better than
I would have expected.
1218
01:10:17,800 --> 01:10:20,640
ALLAN: I mean, at the end, I think
we feel we've done a good job.
1219
01:10:20,680 --> 01:10:24,200
We prepared our CEO, we've
negotiated the terms of the hearing.
1220
01:10:26,320 --> 01:10:29,320
And if he gets away, you know,
at the end of it
1221
01:10:29,360 --> 01:10:31,160
and nothing has gone
terribly wrong...
1222
01:10:32,160 --> 01:10:34,560
..that is-
You feel professionally...
1223
01:10:35,360 --> 01:10:37,560
Tick. You know,
you've done your job.
1224
01:10:43,120 --> 01:10:46,320
The upshot was that any hopes
for regulation
1225
01:10:46,360 --> 01:10:48,560
to curtail the power of Facebook
1226
01:10:48,600 --> 01:10:51,000
would never really happen
any time soon
1227
01:10:51,040 --> 01:10:53,680
because lawmakers
were incapable of doing so.
1228
01:10:53,720 --> 01:10:56,320
REPORTER: Do you feel that any
senator here
1229
01:10:56,360 --> 01:10:59,040
has really laid a glove on
Mark Zuckerberg?
1230
01:10:59,080 --> 01:11:01,320
If you think being slapped
with wet noodles is hard,
1231
01:11:01,360 --> 01:11:02,680
I guess that's hard.
1232
01:11:02,720 --> 01:11:06,440
The real proof that the hearings
were not so terrible
1233
01:11:06,480 --> 01:11:09,040
for Facebook or Mark Zuckerberg
1234
01:11:09,080 --> 01:11:11,360
was that Facebook stock rose.
1235
01:11:12,760 --> 01:11:16,560
Mark Zuckerberg became, personally,
billions of dollars richer.
1236
01:11:18,560 --> 01:11:21,720
He left that day back to Menlo Park,
1237
01:11:21,760 --> 01:11:25,840
and his lobbyist went to a wine bar
in Georgetown to celebrate.
1238
01:11:26,720 --> 01:11:29,160
The hearings were a success
from their point of view.
1239
01:11:40,760 --> 01:11:44,360
REPORTER: You might think this is
a map of the world, but it's not.
1240
01:11:45,280 --> 01:11:47,040
It's a blank screen.
1241
01:11:47,080 --> 01:11:50,040
And for every person who's using
Facebook, we put a dot.
1242
01:11:50,080 --> 01:11:53,000
And when you do that, it
effectively draws the world.
1243
01:12:02,320 --> 01:12:04,600
HAUGEN: When I joined Facebook
in 2019,
1244
01:12:04,640 --> 01:12:07,560
I think it was actually
in kind of a momentary calm.
1245
01:12:08,800 --> 01:12:11,200
The year before they had
Cambridge Analytica,
1246
01:12:11,240 --> 01:12:13,960
which had blown up catastrophically.
1247
01:12:14,000 --> 01:12:16,480
So I think if you had asked
a random employee,
1248
01:12:16,520 --> 01:12:18,880
they would have said
things are looking up. Right.
1249
01:12:18,920 --> 01:12:21,560
We've survived Cambridge Analytica.
We've weathered it.
1250
01:12:21,600 --> 01:12:23,840
Our stock is on the upswing.
1251
01:12:25,040 --> 01:12:27,280
You know, I worked
on civic misinformation.
1252
01:12:27,320 --> 01:12:29,840
So that's, you know,
things like ethnic violence.
1253
01:12:29,880 --> 01:12:32,440
And just a few months before,
1254
01:12:32,480 --> 01:12:36,120
they had realised that
they didn't have a policy
1255
01:12:36,160 --> 01:12:38,400
against politicians
calling for violence.
1256
01:12:39,680 --> 01:12:42,160
There were now political parties
in the world
1257
01:12:42,200 --> 01:12:45,280
that were explicitly doing things
like demonizing minorities
1258
01:12:45,320 --> 01:12:48,680
by calling them, you know,
'rodents', that kind of thing.
1259
01:12:49,640 --> 01:12:52,600
And a working group was formed
to start figuring out
1260
01:12:52,640 --> 01:12:56,360
what should the policy be when
situations like that happen.
1261
01:12:58,080 --> 01:13:00,960
It took a working group
of maybe 30 or 40 people,
1262
01:13:01,000 --> 01:13:05,280
months to write
the political speech policy
1263
01:13:05,320 --> 01:13:09,080
for Facebook,
and they present it to Mark.
1264
01:13:10,520 --> 01:13:13,160
And Mark takes a look at he
goes, "I don't like this.
1265
01:13:13,200 --> 01:13:16,280
I can do better."
And he goes home that weekend
1266
01:13:16,320 --> 01:13:19,480
and he writes the political speech
policy for the company.
1267
01:13:20,640 --> 01:13:23,240
So think for a moment about
the arrogance of this. Right.
1268
01:13:23,280 --> 01:13:27,240
So Mark takes the work of
like 30, 40 people.
1269
01:13:27,280 --> 01:13:30,200
Many of these people have PhDs in
ethnic violence and he says,
1270
01:13:30,240 --> 01:13:34,000
"Oh, no. I can write a better
political policy over the weekend.
1271
01:13:34,040 --> 01:13:36,400
I don't think that
we want private companies
1272
01:13:36,440 --> 01:13:39,040
censoring politicians in the news.
1273
01:13:39,080 --> 01:13:41,440
I generally believe that
as a principle,
1274
01:13:41,480 --> 01:13:44,200
people should decide what is credible
1275
01:13:44,240 --> 01:13:46,760
and what they want to believe
and who they want to vote for.
1276
01:13:46,800 --> 01:13:49,840
I don't think that that should be
something that we want tech companies
1277
01:13:49,880 --> 01:13:52,320
or any kind of other company doing.
1278
01:13:57,840 --> 01:14:00,960
2020 was a make it or break in
moment for Facebook.
1279
01:14:01,000 --> 01:14:03,800
You had a sitting US President,
Donald Trump, who was,
1280
01:14:03,840 --> 01:14:07,440
daily, pushing the limits of what
should be said on their platform.
1281
01:14:07,480 --> 01:14:10,400
He was using it every single day
in ways that were challenging
1282
01:14:10,440 --> 01:14:13,400
for Facebook to defend
or make decisions on.
1283
01:14:14,640 --> 01:14:18,200
And there was this real sense inside
Facebook of almost daily panic
1284
01:14:18,240 --> 01:14:20,440
of what's he going to say next?
1285
01:14:20,480 --> 01:14:22,560
What kind of PR storm is
this going to create for us?
1286
01:14:22,600 --> 01:14:25,120
What kind of negative headline
is going to get written today
1287
01:14:25,160 --> 01:14:27,160
about our company?
1288
01:14:28,360 --> 01:14:31,800
I remember the day after the
US election speaking to someone
1289
01:14:31,840 --> 01:14:34,160
at Facebook who was on their
election team who said,
1290
01:14:34,200 --> 01:14:37,920
"God, what a relief, it's over.
Trump has lost."
1291
01:14:41,080 --> 01:14:42,840
Good evening.
1292
01:14:42,880 --> 01:14:46,200
I'd like to provide the American
people with an update on our efforts
1293
01:14:46,240 --> 01:14:49,880
to protect the integrity of
a very important 2020 election.
1294
01:14:51,200 --> 01:14:53,720
If you count the legal votes,
1295
01:14:53,760 --> 01:14:55,680
I easily win.
1296
01:14:55,720 --> 01:14:58,240
People knew prior to
the 2020 election that
1297
01:14:58,280 --> 01:15:01,520
Trump was gonna try to delegitimize
the election if he failed,
1298
01:15:01,560 --> 01:15:05,200
and we know this because he had been
threatening it for a long time.
1299
01:15:06,040 --> 01:15:09,080
The lead up to January 6th
was not random.
1300
01:15:11,760 --> 01:15:14,880
Take me inside Mark Zuckerberg's
head to like the moment that
1301
01:15:14,920 --> 01:15:18,320
you decided you needed to change
Facebook's core mission.
1302
01:15:18,360 --> 01:15:21,840
I feel like we have a responsibility
to do more in the world.
1303
01:15:21,880 --> 01:15:25,400
So, what is the new mission
of Facebook?
1304
01:15:25,440 --> 01:15:29,360
So, our new mission is to bring
the world closer together.
1305
01:15:29,400 --> 01:15:31,840
What we need to do is empower people
1306
01:15:31,880 --> 01:15:34,200
all around the world
to build communities.
1307
01:15:34,240 --> 01:15:36,880
Things like church groups
and sports teams
1308
01:15:36,920 --> 01:15:38,920
and neighbourhood groups...
(FADES)
1309
01:15:38,960 --> 01:15:41,600
MCNAMEE: Facebook was created
initially for people
1310
01:15:41,640 --> 01:15:44,240
who shared an interest
to get together
1311
01:15:44,280 --> 01:15:47,480
and which evolved into
this gigantic system
1312
01:15:47,520 --> 01:15:50,440
that included both chess clubs
1313
01:15:50,480 --> 01:15:53,280
but also white supremacists
and terrorists.
1314
01:15:55,440 --> 01:15:59,000
Facebook groups wound up
becoming the home
1315
01:15:59,040 --> 01:16:01,200
to politically engaged extremism.
1316
01:16:03,720 --> 01:16:05,440
That we had not seen before.
1317
01:16:07,640 --> 01:16:11,480
There had been a study,
internal Facebook study
1318
01:16:11,520 --> 01:16:14,880
what they discovered
was that 64% of the time
1319
01:16:14,920 --> 01:16:18,360
that people join
an extremist Facebook group...
1320
01:16:19,720 --> 01:16:23,360
..the trigger for joining was
a recommendation made by Facebook.
1321
01:16:28,080 --> 01:16:31,640
FRENKEL: A group called Stop the
Steal started to post on Facebook
1322
01:16:31,680 --> 01:16:35,000
and it is committed to spreading
the false idea that the election
1323
01:16:35,040 --> 01:16:37,040
was stolen from Donald Trump,
1324
01:16:37,080 --> 01:16:40,800
and they managed to get hundreds of
thousands to join their group.
1325
01:16:40,840 --> 01:16:44,240
Internally in Facebook, there's this
kind of moment of panic
1326
01:16:44,280 --> 01:16:46,760
when they realise this is
one of the fastest growing groups
1327
01:16:46,800 --> 01:16:49,720
in Facebook's history
and it is committed to spreading
1328
01:16:49,760 --> 01:16:52,840
the false idea that the election
was stolen from Donald Trump.
1329
01:17:11,160 --> 01:17:14,200
(INDISTINCT SHOUTS)
1330
01:17:14,240 --> 01:17:17,920
And then January rolls around and
you have these rallies of people
1331
01:17:17,960 --> 01:17:21,520
all over the United States that are
coming together under the banner of
1332
01:17:21,560 --> 01:17:25,280
the election was stolen and they're
organizing themselves on Facebook.
1333
01:17:31,680 --> 01:17:35,480
TRUMP: We will never give up. We will
never concede it doesn't happen.
1334
01:17:35,520 --> 01:17:38,200
You don't concede with this theft.
1335
01:17:39,200 --> 01:17:42,480
And then you have Trump himself
issuing calls on Facebook saying,
1336
01:17:42,520 --> 01:17:46,120
"Come to Washington on January 6th,
come rally in my name.
1337
01:17:46,160 --> 01:17:48,040
The election was stolen from me."
1338
01:18:09,720 --> 01:18:12,080
And it is that moment
that Facebook understands
1339
01:18:12,120 --> 01:18:14,040
this is a four alarm fire.
1340
01:18:14,080 --> 01:18:16,760
And will this finally be the moment
where they have to
1341
01:18:16,800 --> 01:18:19,160
take down Donald Trump's account?
1342
01:18:20,400 --> 01:18:23,360
And Mark kind of sits there and you
think, should I call Trump?
1343
01:18:23,400 --> 01:18:25,400
Should I try to use backchannels
to him to say,
1344
01:18:25,440 --> 01:18:27,560
"Hey, we're thinking
of taking down your account?
1345
01:18:27,600 --> 01:18:30,680
And people close to him say,
"I don't think it's a good idea.
1346
01:18:30,720 --> 01:18:33,600
Like, you could be seen as
colluding with this."
1347
01:18:41,680 --> 01:18:44,960
People are sharing on Facebook
live videos and photos
1348
01:18:45,000 --> 01:18:47,480
of themselves marching through
the halls of Congress
1349
01:18:47,520 --> 01:18:51,480
looking for Nancy Pelosi, looking
for Vice President Pence.
1350
01:18:56,320 --> 01:18:58,960
If you're Mark Zuckerberg
and you've created technology
1351
01:18:59,000 --> 01:19:02,280
whose sole purpose is to connect
people, that's your worldview,
1352
01:19:02,320 --> 01:19:04,600
that connecting people is inherently
good
1353
01:19:04,640 --> 01:19:07,000
and introducing that
technology to the world
1354
01:19:07,040 --> 01:19:09,880
has made you one of the world's
wealthiest and most powerful men.
1355
01:19:09,920 --> 01:19:13,840
It is very, very hard, I imagine,
to then sit there and think,
1356
01:19:13,880 --> 01:19:17,440
is my underlying premise wrong?
Is connecting the world bad?
1357
01:19:19,880 --> 01:19:22,560
And it really is only
when it gets to the point where
1358
01:19:22,600 --> 01:19:26,080
people sitting next to me are
saying, "This is gonna go to trial,
1359
01:19:26,120 --> 01:19:28,920
there are going to be congressional
hearings about this."
1360
01:19:28,960 --> 01:19:32,320
And Donald Trump can continue to
use this Facebook page
1361
01:19:32,360 --> 01:19:34,360
to agitate for violence.
1362
01:19:36,600 --> 01:19:38,440
And we're going to get held
responsible
1363
01:19:38,480 --> 01:19:42,320
that Mark Zuckerberg sits there
and goes, "It's gone too far.
1364
01:19:42,360 --> 01:19:44,600
We need to take down his account."
1365
01:19:44,640 --> 01:19:47,800
REPORTER: Good afternoon and we
start with some breaking news,
1366
01:19:47,840 --> 01:19:51,160
President Trump has been banned,
indefinitely, from Facebook,
1367
01:19:51,200 --> 01:19:54,080
according to Mark Zuckerberg.
In a statement, he said,
1368
01:19:54,120 --> 01:19:56,960
"The current context is now
fundamentally different,
1369
01:19:57,000 --> 01:20:00,640
involving use of our platform
to incite violent insurrection
1370
01:20:00,680 --> 01:20:03,320
against a democratically
elected government.
1371
01:20:16,920 --> 01:20:20,480
FRENKEL: When I started reporting on
Facebook, I realised very quickly
1372
01:20:20,520 --> 01:20:23,840
that you needed to have sources
at all levels of the company.
1373
01:20:25,000 --> 01:20:27,680
People who work at Facebook are not
used to speaking to the press
1374
01:20:27,720 --> 01:20:30,120
because they've been instilled
with such a fear of what
1375
01:20:30,160 --> 01:20:32,680
talking to the press
can do for their careers.
1376
01:20:34,480 --> 01:20:39,080
There is a very serious top-down
threat of if you speak to the press,
1377
01:20:39,120 --> 01:20:41,120
you will not just be fired.
1378
01:20:41,160 --> 01:20:44,520
You will never work in tech again.
Your name will be blacklisted.
1379
01:20:45,720 --> 01:20:48,480
It's compounded by these
very fierce NDAs,
1380
01:20:48,520 --> 01:20:51,120
which stands for
non-disclosure agreements,
1381
01:20:51,160 --> 01:20:53,240
that the people who work there
have to sign.
1382
01:20:53,280 --> 01:20:56,560
I used to work in the Middle East,
and I used to speak to people
1383
01:20:56,600 --> 01:20:59,640
who were dissenters in governments
with dictatorships and monarchies
1384
01:20:59,680 --> 01:21:02,320
where speaking to the press
meant being imprisoned.
1385
01:21:02,360 --> 01:21:06,920
And I had an easier time getting
people in those countries
1386
01:21:06,960 --> 01:21:08,840
to speak to me sometimes than I did
1387
01:21:08,880 --> 01:21:11,120
getting employees at Facebook
to speak to me.
1388
01:21:12,280 --> 01:21:14,600
Facebook for most of its history,
1389
01:21:14,640 --> 01:21:17,840
has had an entire department
dedicated to finding leakers.
1390
01:21:17,880 --> 01:21:20,640
People who speak to journalists
are rooted out
1391
01:21:20,680 --> 01:21:22,960
and fired in very public ways
within the company.
1392
01:21:23,000 --> 01:21:25,080
They're constantly talked about.
1393
01:21:25,120 --> 01:21:28,240
At one point, it was fairly common
to talk about them as rats.
1394
01:21:32,360 --> 01:21:35,560
In the aftermath of January six,
I realised the only way Facebook
1395
01:21:35,600 --> 01:21:38,720
could save itself is if they
got help from the outside
1396
01:21:38,760 --> 01:21:40,600
and so I was ready
to blow the whistle.
1397
01:21:45,760 --> 01:21:49,160
Imagine you come in and you think
it's a crisis,
1398
01:21:49,200 --> 01:21:51,920
and then you actually sit there and
start accumulating the case
1399
01:21:51,960 --> 01:21:54,200
to prove the crisis.
1400
01:21:54,240 --> 01:21:56,080
You know, you think you
know how bad it is.
1401
01:21:56,120 --> 01:21:59,120
And now you're like, you're looking
at the whole stack of evidence.
1402
01:21:59,160 --> 01:22:02,600
You're like, "Oh, this is far worse
than I thought it was.
1403
01:22:04,800 --> 01:22:08,760
It took me a long time to figure out
how could I document what the public
1404
01:22:08,800 --> 01:22:11,360
needed to know in a way
that would be effective?
1405
01:22:11,400 --> 01:22:13,840
And I took a bunch of screenshots.
1406
01:22:13,880 --> 01:22:16,800
Every time there'd be something
that was sufficiently embarrassing,
1407
01:22:16,840 --> 01:22:19,320
they would put up a wall
around information.
1408
01:22:19,360 --> 01:22:22,240
And so my fear was that, you know,
this was like the last chance,
1409
01:22:22,280 --> 01:22:26,280
like I had to do a good job because
the public might never know.
1410
01:22:28,280 --> 01:22:31,040
Blowing the whistle
is very complicated,
1411
01:22:31,080 --> 01:22:33,480
and at some point my screen shot
stopped working.
1412
01:22:33,520 --> 01:22:36,200
And so I was like, "Oh,
so I know I'm being spied on."
1413
01:22:46,000 --> 01:22:49,160
I totally align myself with all
the possible consequences
1414
01:22:49,200 --> 01:22:51,240
of what Facebook might do
to me if they caught me,
1415
01:22:51,280 --> 01:22:53,920
because I assumed as soon
as that journalism happened,
1416
01:22:53,960 --> 01:22:56,640
they would know it was me
because they can go and triangulate
1417
01:22:56,680 --> 01:22:59,280
these are the documents. She's
the only way to access them.
1418
01:23:00,680 --> 01:23:03,760
In the run up to when the Wall
Street Journal began publishing,
1419
01:23:03,800 --> 01:23:06,040
my lawyers basically told me
that I was delusional,
1420
01:23:06,080 --> 01:23:08,520
they thought my identity
could stay a secret
1421
01:23:08,560 --> 01:23:11,200
because Facebook
at any point could out me
1422
01:23:11,240 --> 01:23:14,280
and a lot whistleblowers
are discredited.
1423
01:23:14,320 --> 01:23:16,840
And so I got basically gotten
presented with the choice, like,
1424
01:23:16,880 --> 01:23:19,080
do you want to tell your own story
1425
01:23:19,120 --> 01:23:21,240
or do you want them
to tell your story?
1426
01:23:28,520 --> 01:23:31,640
REPORTER: Scathing accusations
from a former Facebook executive
1427
01:23:31,680 --> 01:23:35,480
about how the company handles
hate content and misinformation.
1428
01:23:35,520 --> 01:23:37,440
REPORTER: She is the former employee
1429
01:23:37,480 --> 01:23:41,320
who is now accusing the social
media giant of knowing how harmful
1430
01:23:41,360 --> 01:23:44,280
their algorithm is
for our entire democracy.
1431
01:23:44,320 --> 01:23:48,760
KANG: When Frances Haugen
comes out from the shadows
1432
01:23:48,800 --> 01:23:51,040
as the whistleblower.
1433
01:23:51,080 --> 01:23:54,040
It was an astonishing moment.
1434
01:23:54,080 --> 01:23:57,520
A lot of what she had been saying
was what we had been hearing.
1435
01:23:57,560 --> 01:24:00,920
We had many Frances Haugen's,
but she had documents
1436
01:24:00,960 --> 01:24:04,480
and she was willing to put her face
and her name behind that.
1437
01:24:04,520 --> 01:24:06,640
She was willing to testify.
1438
01:24:06,680 --> 01:24:10,560
Facebook's products stoke division
and weaken our democracy.
1439
01:24:10,600 --> 01:24:12,600
Almost no one outside of Facebook
1440
01:24:12,640 --> 01:24:14,680
knows what happens
inside of Facebook.
1441
01:24:15,600 --> 01:24:19,440
The company intentionally hides
vital information from the public.
1442
01:24:20,960 --> 01:24:23,680
Perhaps one of the most disturbing
1443
01:24:23,720 --> 01:24:27,520
and surprising revelations
from Frances Haugen
1444
01:24:27,560 --> 01:24:30,000
was that there were internal studies
1445
01:24:30,040 --> 01:24:34,080
on how Facebook's
recommendation engines
1446
01:24:34,120 --> 01:24:36,960
can lead teenagers
into these rabbit holes.
1447
01:24:37,000 --> 01:24:39,840
REPORTER: A troubling new report
today spells out
1448
01:24:39,880 --> 01:24:42,320
what all that time on social media
is doing to our teenagers.
1449
01:24:42,360 --> 01:24:47,520
For example, a teenager looking
at some influencer of fitness
1450
01:24:47,560 --> 01:24:51,160
would then get served to them,
recommendations to diets,
1451
01:24:51,200 --> 01:24:54,240
and then that would then lead to
1452
01:24:54,280 --> 01:24:57,360
recommendations
for eating disorders,
1453
01:24:57,400 --> 01:25:00,880
things like bulimia,
how to become anorexic,
1454
01:25:00,920 --> 01:25:03,200
really destructive behaviour.
1455
01:25:03,240 --> 01:25:06,480
Content that elicits
an extreme reaction from you
1456
01:25:06,520 --> 01:25:09,920
is more likely to get a click,
a comment or reshare.
1457
01:25:09,960 --> 01:25:14,560
These are the kinds of rabbit holes
that were leading to suicide.
1458
01:25:14,600 --> 01:25:16,640
Thoughts of suicide ideation.
1459
01:25:16,680 --> 01:25:19,120
And Facebook understood this.
1460
01:25:19,160 --> 01:25:21,160
It was, in fact, studying this.
1461
01:25:21,200 --> 01:25:24,080
The company's leadership knows
how to make Facebook
1462
01:25:24,120 --> 01:25:27,360
and Instagram safer but won't make
the necessary changes
1463
01:25:27,400 --> 01:25:31,360
because they have put their
astronomical profits before people.
1464
01:25:50,760 --> 01:25:54,680
It is time for us to adopt
a new company brand
1465
01:25:54,720 --> 01:25:57,920
to encompass everything that we do,
1466
01:25:57,960 --> 01:26:01,680
to reflect who we are
and what we hope to build.
1467
01:26:01,720 --> 01:26:04,480
I am proud to announce
that starting today,
1468
01:26:04,520 --> 01:26:07,920
our company is now Meta.
1469
01:26:07,960 --> 01:26:09,960
I gotta pause that.
1470
01:26:10,000 --> 01:26:12,480
Look. L- Look!
1471
01:26:13,920 --> 01:26:17,640
Let's remember, all this pride
1472
01:26:17,680 --> 01:26:20,880
and this cocky stuff
was at the exact moment
1473
01:26:20,920 --> 01:26:24,920
when all of Frances Haugen's
whistleblowing revelations
1474
01:26:24,960 --> 01:26:28,480
were cascading
across the news media.
1475
01:26:28,520 --> 01:26:30,960
When they were getting new
articles every day
1476
01:26:31,000 --> 01:26:34,320
based on Frances Haugen's
documentation that, basically,
1477
01:26:34,360 --> 01:26:39,120
proved their culpability,
at the height of that period.
1478
01:26:39,160 --> 01:26:42,200
They had a big press conference
to change their name
1479
01:26:42,240 --> 01:26:45,560
and make their new strategy,
the Metaverse!
1480
01:26:45,600 --> 01:26:48,600
And you know what? It worked.
1481
01:26:51,480 --> 01:26:53,480
Now...
1482
01:26:54,600 --> 01:26:57,320
You know, I really just cared about
building something that
1483
01:26:57,360 --> 01:27:00,200
my girls are going to grow up
and be proud of me for.
1484
01:27:01,680 --> 01:27:05,720
And I mean, that's what is kind of my
guiding philosophy at this point is,
1485
01:27:05,760 --> 01:27:09,800
and I- you know, come and work on a
lot of hard things during the day.
1486
01:27:09,840 --> 01:27:13,960
And I go home and just ask, "Will my
girls be proud of what I did today?"
1487
01:27:18,400 --> 01:27:22,000
FRENKEL: There's no doubt history
is going to remember Mark Zuckerberg
1488
01:27:22,040 --> 01:27:24,800
for creating the first really
global social media company.
1489
01:27:26,000 --> 01:27:30,440
I don't see how we as a society
go back in time to a point where
1490
01:27:30,480 --> 01:27:33,360
we're not all instantaneously
connected to everyone
1491
01:27:33,400 --> 01:27:35,400
we want to be connected
to all over the world.
1492
01:27:35,440 --> 01:27:37,840
It really has created a new reality.
1493
01:27:41,240 --> 01:27:45,280
I think the people closest to Mark
that have now left the company
1494
01:27:45,320 --> 01:27:48,720
and reflect on their time
there say that
1495
01:27:48,760 --> 01:27:51,640
the biggest problems
at Facebook come
1496
01:27:51,680 --> 01:27:54,960
because of the absolute power
that was handed to one individual.
1497
01:27:55,000 --> 01:27:57,560
It's the President
of the United States!
1498
01:27:59,480 --> 01:28:03,000
And that no matter how smart
you were as a 19 or 20-year-old
1499
01:28:03,040 --> 01:28:05,600
in creating a very specific type of
technology,
1500
01:28:05,640 --> 01:28:08,080
there is just no situation
in which it is appropriate
1501
01:28:08,120 --> 01:28:11,680
for one person to have
unbridled power
1502
01:28:11,720 --> 01:28:14,360
and decision-making over
such a large group of people.
1503
01:28:14,400 --> 01:28:17,520
And that by having really no cheques
and balances
1504
01:28:17,560 --> 01:28:20,360
on Mark Zuckerberg's
power or his decision making,
1505
01:28:20,400 --> 01:28:23,240
Facebook ultimately made
a number of mistakes
1506
01:28:23,280 --> 01:28:26,160
that affected millions of people
all over the world.
1507
01:28:39,320 --> 01:28:42,800
When someone becomes
worth $100 billion
1508
01:28:42,840 --> 01:28:45,560
and is the richest person
in human history of that age,
1509
01:28:45,600 --> 01:28:51,000
it makes them feel magical...
unchallengeable
1510
01:28:51,040 --> 01:28:56,800
and, I feel, self-justifying
to a tremendously harmful degree.
1511
01:29:04,520 --> 01:29:08,880
KANG: The main question of Facebook
going forward is,
1512
01:29:08,920 --> 01:29:10,920
who keeps Mark Zuckerberg in check?
1513
01:29:12,440 --> 01:29:16,000
There are very few people
that hold him accountable.
1514
01:29:16,040 --> 01:29:19,000
Who's the one who tells him, "Mark,
1515
01:29:19,040 --> 01:29:21,720
that decision may not be good
for the company?
1516
01:29:21,760 --> 01:29:24,120
It may not be good
for the business model."
1517
01:29:25,040 --> 01:29:28,400
And very importantly,
who is asking him,
1518
01:29:28,440 --> 01:29:32,560
"Mark Zuckerberg, is that decision
you're making good for the world?"
1519
01:30:07,760 --> 01:30:14,720
AccessibleCustomerService@sky.uk
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