All language subtitles for S25E06 - Car Headlamps; Directional Drills; Pet Grooming Combs; Stained Glass Restoration (1080p AMZN WEB-DL x265 Garshasp)_track4_[eng]
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--captions by vitac--
Www.Vitac.Com
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Captions paid for by
Discovery communications
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Narrator: headlights aren't
Just functional.
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They're often
The first design feature
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That catches the eye
Of a potential buyer.
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00:01:01,103 --> 00:01:03,896
Unlike the metal
And glass versions of the past,
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Today's headlights
Are made of durable plastics
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00:01:06,172 --> 00:01:09,862
That can be creatively molded
Into a multitude of shapes.
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00:01:15,482 --> 00:01:18,655
In addition to the main beam,
This pickup truck headlight has
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An integrated amber turn signal
And daytime running light.
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00:01:28,103 --> 00:01:29,793
Most of the headlight's
Components
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00:01:29,793 --> 00:01:32,793
Are made
Of injection-molded plastic.
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The machine melts plastic
Pellets into a gooey liquid,
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00:01:36,448 --> 00:01:40,103
Then shoots it into a mold
For the specific part.
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The headlight lenses are made
Of clear polycarbonate,
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A strong plastic
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That's resistant
To extreme heat and cold.
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The molding process
Stresses the plastic.
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To relieve that stress,
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They put the lens
Into an annealing oven
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For 20 minutes.
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When the lens comes out,
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They wipe it down
With an anti-static cloth
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00:02:02,068 --> 00:02:05,827
And inspect the surface
Meticulously.
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00:02:05,827 --> 00:02:09,275
Next, a robot sprays the lens
With a protective coating.
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00:02:09,275 --> 00:02:10,965
This will prevent scratches,
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Chips, or yellowing from
Exposure to ultraviolet rays.
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They run the lens through
A tunnel oven to cure it.
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00:02:26,068 --> 00:02:30,172
This component is the reflector
For the headlight's main beam.
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It's made of
Fiberglass-reinforced polyester.
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They sand away
Any excess material,
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Then hand wash the part
With soap and water
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00:02:40,034 --> 00:02:43,379
To remove any polyester residue
Left by the sanding.
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Then, they put the reflector
Into a machine
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00:02:50,586 --> 00:02:54,000
Similar to a dishwasher.
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A robot sprays
On a coat of primer.
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It goes on clear,
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But turns yellow
After it cures in an oven.
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00:03:07,206 --> 00:03:11,275
Now comes the process that makes
The reflector reflective.
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00:03:14,000 --> 00:03:16,310
Inside an aluminizing chamber,
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A fixture rotates the reflector
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On its own axis as well
As around copper electrodes
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At the center of the machine.
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00:03:26,517 --> 00:03:28,827
An electrical charge
To the copper electrodes
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00:03:28,827 --> 00:03:32,000
Generates heat,
Which vaporizes an aluminum wire
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That's wrapped around a spiral
Tungsten filament.
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The aluminum becomes a mist
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That deposits evenly across
The surface of the reflector.
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00:03:49,241 --> 00:03:51,137
Now they assemble the headlight,
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00:03:51,137 --> 00:03:52,793
Beginning with the housing.
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00:03:52,793 --> 00:03:55,689
It's made of injected-molded
Polypropylene.
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00:03:57,862 --> 00:04:01,068
After installing the reflector
For the daytime running light,
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They attach the main beam
Reflector.
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They include pivots
And adjusting screws
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So that the beam level
Can be customized.
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They screw in the reflector
For the turn signal.
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It's made of aluminized plastic.
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00:04:19,551 --> 00:04:23,344
Then, a robot applies a sealant
Which prevents water, dust,
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00:04:23,344 --> 00:04:25,862
And insects
From penetrating the housing.
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00:04:28,620 --> 00:04:31,827
They place the assembly
In a lens binding machine.
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00:04:34,586 --> 00:04:36,758
Then,
They insert the main beam lens,
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Which has already been joined
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To the turn signal
And daytime running lights.
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The top
Of the binding machine descends,
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Securing these assemblies
To each other with screws.
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Next,
They screw in a halogen bulb
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For the main beam reflector.
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The bulb has two filaments
For a high and low beam.
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00:05:02,310 --> 00:05:04,758
Then, they add halogen bulbs
For the turn signal
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And daytime running lights.
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00:05:08,206 --> 00:05:11,931
The last step is to level
The main beam reflector.
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This leveling machine tells them
Which adjustable screws
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To turn to tilt the reflector
Into the correct position.
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00:05:19,448 --> 00:05:22,068
This is the manufacturer's
Default setting.
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Auto makers can change this
Before installing the headlights
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In their vehicles.
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This model hooks up to wiring
Coming from the pickup truck.
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Some headlights
Have built-in wiring
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That connects to the vehicle.
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It's easy to change a burnt
Out bulb in both designs.
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You simply lift the hood
Of the vehicle
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To access the bulb from the rear
Of the headlight housing.
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Narrator: when work crews
Need to lay pipes or cables,
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They use a directional drill
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To bore a horizontal hole
Underground.
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It enters the ground
At an angle,
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Drills underneath the surface
Horizontally,
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Then exits at an angle
On the other end.
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00:06:19,517 --> 00:06:23,965
A directional drill enters the
Ground at an 18 degree angle.
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00:06:23,965 --> 00:06:27,413
Once it reaches the desired
Depth, it drills horizontally.
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The machine can attach
Several onboard drill rods
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For increased drilling distance.
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Most of the machine's parts
Are made of steel,
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Cut to the required shape
By a computer-guided laser.
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Workers use a press brake
To bend certain parts.
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This is part
Of the drill's undercarriage,
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The frame
On which everything else sits.
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After they bend this part,
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They weld it to other parts
To build the engine mount.
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They weld the engine mount to
The rest of the undercarriage.
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Once the undercarriage
Is complete,
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They clean the steel
With a chemical
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To maximize the adhesion
Of the industrial-grade primer
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And paint.
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Once the paint dries,
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They install a rubber track
On each side.
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Tires leave ruts in the ground,
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So tracks work better.
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The track loops around a rail
And sprocket at the back.
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Workers mount the sprocket on
A hydraulically-powered motor,
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Then align the sprocket teeth
With the track.
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When the motor runs,
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The sprocket rotates,
Driving the track.
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They apply thread-locking fluid
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To the bolts that secure
The sprocket to the motor.
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This ensures the sprocket
Won't loosen.
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00:08:04,724 --> 00:08:06,965
Then, they install
A track tensioning spring
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00:08:06,965 --> 00:08:09,241
And tighten it
With a pneumatic wrench.
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00:08:11,689 --> 00:08:14,758
Next, the steel hydraulic tank.
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It holds the hydraulic oil
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00:08:16,275 --> 00:08:21,551
For the machine's 23
Different hydraulic functions.
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00:08:21,551 --> 00:08:23,310
Now the water pump.
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00:08:23,310 --> 00:08:25,000
It lubricates the drill rod
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With water to help
It move through the ground.
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00:08:27,724 --> 00:08:31,068
It also cleans the machine
After each drilling job.
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They install the pivot mechanism
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That opens and closes
The engine hood.
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Now that the hydraulic tank,
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Water pump,
And hood pivot are in place,
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They begin installing
The machine's diesel engine.
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00:08:49,793 --> 00:08:53,413
It's similar
To a tractor engine.
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They connect its wiring
To the operator console
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00:08:56,172 --> 00:09:00,482
And several other components
On the machine.
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00:09:00,482 --> 00:09:03,758
The operator console
Consists of the driver seat,
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00:09:03,758 --> 00:09:07,724
Dashboard lcd display,
And joystick controls.
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00:09:10,758 --> 00:09:13,620
Next, they join the rack
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Containing all the drilling
Components to the undercarriage.
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They install
Two plastic tanks --
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White for water, black for fuel.
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00:09:29,551 --> 00:09:31,965
Then, the onboard computer
That runs the engine
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00:09:31,965 --> 00:09:34,758
And drilling components.
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00:09:34,758 --> 00:09:38,689
They also install control valves
For the hydraulic lines.
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00:09:43,379 --> 00:09:44,724
They mount the rod box,
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00:09:44,724 --> 00:09:46,620
Which holds 40 drill rods,
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00:09:46,620 --> 00:09:48,620
Each measuring 2 inches
In diameter
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00:09:48,620 --> 00:09:52,000
By 10 feet in length.
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00:09:52,000 --> 00:09:55,379
Larger models have
Longer and wider drill rods.
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00:09:58,034 --> 00:10:00,931
They connect the ventilated
Plastic hood to the hood pivot
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00:10:00,931 --> 00:10:02,586
They installed earlier.
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00:10:05,758 --> 00:10:09,551
They close the hood
Over the engine,
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00:10:09,551 --> 00:10:14,034
Then apply make
And model number decals.
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This directional drilling
Machine is now fully built
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00:10:16,758 --> 00:10:19,793
And ready for testing.
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00:10:19,793 --> 00:10:22,206
As the rack tilts down
At the front,
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Hydraulically-powered outrigger
Feet at the back descend,
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00:10:25,931 --> 00:10:28,931
Raising the machine
Into the drill position.
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00:10:28,931 --> 00:10:33,620
Giant augurs at the front
Keep the machine on the ground.
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00:10:33,620 --> 00:10:37,137
The rack's gearbox
Is powered by a hydraulic motor.
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It rotates the drill rod
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While the carriage moves the rod
Through the ground.
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When the job's done,
The carriage moves back,
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Retracting the rod.
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With all its rods
Joined together,
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This small machine
Can drill almost 400 feet.
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Narrator: pet grooming combs
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Are specifically designed
For animal fur.
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They can get down to the roots
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To detangle, loosen,
And remove dead hair.
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A good grooming comb
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Is essential
To the primping process.
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00:11:27,931 --> 00:11:30,793
It's believed that the pets
Of british and french nobility
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Were the first to be regularly
Groomed centuries ago.
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Today, a lot of pets
Receive the royal treatment.
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At this factory,
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Pet combs start with bundles
Of long brass bars.
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A computer-guided saw slices
Them into 6-inch pieces.
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Each piece will be transformed
Into a comb body.
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00:12:13,517 --> 00:12:17,137
An employee inserts six
Of the brass pieces into a vice
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00:12:17,137 --> 00:12:19,034
And tightens the clamps.
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00:12:21,965 --> 00:12:23,275
A computerized drill
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00:12:23,275 --> 00:12:27,103
Carves dimples into the ends
Of each of the blanks.
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This is called a predrill.
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The drill returns
To each dimple,
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Producing precisely-cut holes
To join the comb body
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To a handle.
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00:12:41,517 --> 00:12:45,517
Next, a computerized drill
Bores into the brass pieces,
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Creating small holes
For the comb's teeth.
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The spacing of the holes varies
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00:12:53,724 --> 00:12:56,793
Depending on the type
Of comb being made.
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00:12:56,793 --> 00:13:01,724
Combs with tightly-spaced teeth
Are used for finer fur.
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00:13:01,724 --> 00:13:04,379
The combs are now ready
For teeth.
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00:13:04,379 --> 00:13:09,068
An employee inserts
Three comb bodies in a fixture,
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00:13:09,068 --> 00:13:11,793
Then grabs a handful
Of steel pins
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00:13:11,793 --> 00:13:15,689
And pops them into the holes,
One by one.
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00:13:15,689 --> 00:13:20,206
These steel teeth aren't sharp.
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00:13:20,206 --> 00:13:22,379
They've been blunted
To avoid hurting the animal
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00:13:22,379 --> 00:13:24,137
During combing.
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00:13:26,931 --> 00:13:28,965
She gently taps the steel teeth
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00:13:28,965 --> 00:13:31,965
With a hammer to force
Them further into the holes.
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00:13:34,896 --> 00:13:37,103
She brushes off
Any residual shavings
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00:13:37,103 --> 00:13:38,689
From the earlier drilling.
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00:13:42,000 --> 00:13:45,275
Then, she places the combs
On a demagnetizer.
203
00:13:45,275 --> 00:13:48,448
It erases any magnetic fields
In the steel teeth
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00:13:48,448 --> 00:13:50,655
That could compromise
The chrome plating finish
205
00:13:50,655 --> 00:13:52,241
They will soon receive.
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00:13:59,586 --> 00:14:03,379
Next, a punch sets the steel
Teeth in their final position.
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00:14:08,965 --> 00:14:10,310
At another station,
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00:14:10,310 --> 00:14:13,827
A device cuts extruded aluminum
Into shorter pieces.
209
00:14:16,103 --> 00:14:21,413
These pieces of aluminum
Will be the pet comb handles.
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00:14:21,413 --> 00:14:24,758
Their contoured shape
Is designed for easy gripping.
211
00:14:30,034 --> 00:14:32,931
A worker clamps one
Of the handles in a fixture.
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00:14:32,931 --> 00:14:37,965
It holds the handle steady as he
Drills rivet holes in both ends.
213
00:14:37,965 --> 00:14:40,172
The fixture also
Helps locate the holes
214
00:14:40,172 --> 00:14:42,724
Through lined channels
Called bushings.
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00:14:45,103 --> 00:14:46,758
By drilling
Through the bushings,
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00:14:46,758 --> 00:14:49,931
He produces accurate rivet holes
Every time.
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00:14:51,931 --> 00:14:53,896
In the meantime,
The comb assembly
218
00:14:53,896 --> 00:14:55,965
Has been plated
With a rust-resistant nickel
219
00:14:55,965 --> 00:14:58,862
And chrome finish.
220
00:14:58,862 --> 00:15:02,034
It's ready to be joined
To the handle.
221
00:15:02,034 --> 00:15:04,241
An employee aligns the holes
In the comb
222
00:15:04,241 --> 00:15:05,724
With the holes in the handle,
223
00:15:05,724 --> 00:15:07,758
And places them in a riveter.
224
00:15:10,103 --> 00:15:12,413
The tool flattens the rivets
Against the handle
225
00:15:12,413 --> 00:15:14,137
On both sides.
226
00:15:17,862 --> 00:15:20,275
Then, she dabs adhesive
Around the open ends
227
00:15:20,275 --> 00:15:25,965
Of the handle
And inserts plastic caps.
228
00:15:32,896 --> 00:15:35,689
She hammers the caps down.
229
00:15:35,689 --> 00:15:38,793
The glue sets quickly,
Creating a strong seal.
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00:15:45,172 --> 00:15:47,103
After about a half hour of work,
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00:15:47,103 --> 00:15:50,241
This pet grooming comb
Is now complete.
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00:15:50,241 --> 00:15:52,931
It should last for many years.
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00:15:52,931 --> 00:15:55,862
There will, no doubt,
Be many tangles ahead,
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00:15:55,862 --> 00:15:57,793
But this comb
Will pull through them.
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00:15:57,793 --> 00:16:02,103
And, in the end, fido will look
And feel a whole lot better.
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00:16:13,655 --> 00:16:18,931
Narrator:
Stained glass windows add beauty
And light to places of worship.
237
00:16:18,931 --> 00:16:21,620
Over time, exposure
To the elements and pollution
238
00:16:21,620 --> 00:16:23,620
Can cause the glass,
Metal framework,
239
00:16:23,620 --> 00:16:25,862
And glazing to deteriorate.
240
00:16:25,862 --> 00:16:29,689
Restoration ensures the survival
Of these sacred works of art
241
00:16:29,689 --> 00:16:31,379
For future generations.
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00:16:35,206 --> 00:16:38,068
They are incredible picture
Windows.
243
00:16:38,068 --> 00:16:41,206
Each stained glass panel
Depicts a religious scene.
244
00:16:45,482 --> 00:16:47,103
But it is a fragile art,
245
00:16:47,103 --> 00:16:52,586
And often, only a restoration
Can ensure its survival.
246
00:16:52,586 --> 00:16:55,620
It starts with a thorough
Evaluation.
247
00:16:55,620 --> 00:16:58,137
An assessor
Photographs the window.
248
00:16:58,137 --> 00:17:01,137
She examines every part
As well as measures the panes
249
00:17:01,137 --> 00:17:05,206
And connecting lead strips
Known as cames.
250
00:17:05,206 --> 00:17:07,413
She numbers the parts
And loads information
251
00:17:07,413 --> 00:17:10,068
About their condition
Into a computer.
252
00:17:10,068 --> 00:17:12,172
These cames are in bad shape,
253
00:17:12,172 --> 00:17:14,620
So they'll need to
Completely disassemble the panel
254
00:17:14,620 --> 00:17:16,620
And rebuild it.
255
00:17:16,620 --> 00:17:18,448
First, they make a rubbing.
256
00:17:18,448 --> 00:17:19,896
A member of the team
257
00:17:19,896 --> 00:17:23,827
Places a large sheet of paper
Over the back of the window.
258
00:17:23,827 --> 00:17:26,896
He rubs a wax crayon
Over the raised led strips
259
00:17:26,896 --> 00:17:28,000
To transfer the pattern
260
00:17:28,000 --> 00:17:31,310
Of the panes.
261
00:17:31,310 --> 00:17:34,103
After testing the condition
Of the paint on the panes,
262
00:17:34,103 --> 00:17:37,310
He submerges the glass in
A non-acidic cleaning solution,
263
00:17:37,310 --> 00:17:39,793
And leaves it overnight.
264
00:17:39,793 --> 00:17:43,448
This softens the glazing cement
Between the lead strips
265
00:17:43,448 --> 00:17:47,103
So the window
Can be easily disassembled.
266
00:17:47,103 --> 00:17:50,862
He clips off the lead strips.
267
00:17:50,862 --> 00:17:53,448
He extracts the glass
And cleans off the glazing
268
00:17:53,448 --> 00:17:57,000
Using a straight-edged razor.
269
00:17:57,000 --> 00:18:00,344
He gently scrubs off residue
With a soft-bristle brush,
270
00:18:00,344 --> 00:18:04,137
And wipes the glass clean.
271
00:18:04,137 --> 00:18:08,931
He pieces together the glass
Panes within the paper pattern.
272
00:18:08,931 --> 00:18:10,793
Most of the panes
Are in good condition
273
00:18:10,793 --> 00:18:12,827
And can be preserved.
274
00:18:12,827 --> 00:18:14,206
But one is fractured
275
00:18:14,206 --> 00:18:17,586
And held together
With special conservation tape.
276
00:18:17,586 --> 00:18:19,862
They'll need to replace it.
277
00:18:19,862 --> 00:18:22,724
A craftsperson traces
The outline of the cracked piece
278
00:18:22,724 --> 00:18:24,965
Onto a new piece of glass.
279
00:18:27,000 --> 00:18:32,068
She scores the new glass, giving
The outline a wide margin.
280
00:18:32,068 --> 00:18:35,103
She snaps the glass
Along the score line,
281
00:18:35,103 --> 00:18:39,896
Then cuts the glass
Along the tracing lines.
282
00:18:39,896 --> 00:18:41,793
She compares the pieces
To confirm
283
00:18:41,793 --> 00:18:44,758
They have the same silhouette.
284
00:18:44,758 --> 00:18:47,482
She copies the designs
Onto the new pane
285
00:18:47,482 --> 00:18:49,793
And mixes a matte paint
That matches the one
286
00:18:49,793 --> 00:18:52,344
On the broken pane.
287
00:18:52,344 --> 00:18:54,689
She then shades the designs
On the new pane
288
00:18:54,689 --> 00:18:56,724
With the matte paint.
289
00:18:56,724 --> 00:18:59,068
She dabs it with a brush
To create fine,
290
00:18:59,068 --> 00:19:01,310
Crisscrossed lines.
291
00:19:01,310 --> 00:19:03,103
Then, she switches to a brush
292
00:19:03,103 --> 00:19:05,206
With shorter and stiffer
Bristles.
293
00:19:05,206 --> 00:19:07,827
She removes some of the paint,
Following the designs
294
00:19:07,827 --> 00:19:09,000
On the pane.
295
00:19:09,000 --> 00:19:12,206
This creates highlights.
296
00:19:12,206 --> 00:19:14,793
She fires the glass
In a hot kiln,
297
00:19:14,793 --> 00:19:17,413
And then lowers the temperature
To anneal it.
298
00:19:17,413 --> 00:19:21,344
This process
Reduces brittleness.
299
00:19:21,344 --> 00:19:25,655
Switch compares the replicated
Pane to the broken one.
300
00:19:25,655 --> 00:19:29,793
She joins all the stained glass
Panes using new lead cames.
301
00:19:33,758 --> 00:19:36,517
She taps the panes gently
With a rubber mallet
302
00:19:36,517 --> 00:19:41,206
To fit them snugly
Into the grooves of the cames.
303
00:19:41,206 --> 00:19:44,551
This lead matrix will both unify
The numerous panes
304
00:19:44,551 --> 00:19:48,000
And create visual interest
With bold strokes.
305
00:19:52,620 --> 00:19:54,551
Using
An electric soldering iron,
306
00:19:54,551 --> 00:19:56,482
She melts tin and lead solder
307
00:19:56,482 --> 00:20:01,137
Where the channeled lead strips
Intersect.
308
00:20:01,137 --> 00:20:06,896
These solder joints hold the
Window's lead skeleton together.
309
00:20:06,896 --> 00:20:09,137
Another team member
Applies glazing cement
310
00:20:09,137 --> 00:20:13,551
Across the front and back
Of the stained glass panel.
311
00:20:13,551 --> 00:20:15,379
The cement
Provides waterproofing
312
00:20:15,379 --> 00:20:17,137
And added strength.
313
00:20:20,034 --> 00:20:23,758
He sprinkles calcium carbonate
Onto the wet cement.
314
00:20:23,758 --> 00:20:26,068
It's known as whiting.
315
00:20:26,068 --> 00:20:29,413
The whiting soaks up excess oil
In the glaze.
316
00:20:29,413 --> 00:20:34,517
As he brushes it off, it
Cleans and polishes the panel.
317
00:20:34,517 --> 00:20:36,655
He trims the cement
Around the lead strips
318
00:20:36,655 --> 00:20:39,620
To give them a clean edge.
319
00:20:39,620 --> 00:20:42,517
Finally, he vacuums up
The glazing residue.
320
00:20:44,862 --> 00:20:46,793
With the restoration complete,
321
00:20:46,793 --> 00:20:51,448
He props the stained glass panel
Against a backlight.
322
00:20:51,448 --> 00:20:54,034
It shines like new
When illuminated.
323
00:20:56,965 --> 00:20:58,137
It's taken about a week
324
00:20:58,137 --> 00:21:01,689
To restore
This stained glass window.
325
00:21:01,689 --> 00:21:03,172
It should last another century
326
00:21:03,172 --> 00:21:05,551
Or more, providing plenty
Of opportunities
327
00:21:05,551 --> 00:21:07,551
For spiritual reflection.
328
00:21:18,137 --> 00:21:21,655
If you have any comments
About the show,
329
00:21:21,655 --> 00:21:24,000
Or if you'd like to suggest
Topics for future shows,
330
00:21:24,000 --> 00:21:26,172
Drop us a line at...
26480
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