All language subtitles for S24E12 - Old West Holsters; Underwater Video Housings; Soy Beverages; Pet Nail Trimmers (1080p AMZN WEB-DL x265 Garshasp)_track4_[eng]
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--captions by vitac--
Www.Vitac.Com
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Captions paid for by
Discovery communications
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Narrator: in the days
Of the american wild west,
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You didn't leave home
Without a gun.
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Both the sheriffs and outlaws
Carried guns and ammunition.
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It was important to have
Your gun easily accessible.
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Wearing a holster
Around the waist
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Putts a gun in the perfect
Position for a quick draw.
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These handcrafted
Leather belts and holsters
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Are modeled after those made
In the late 1800s.
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They're made for movies,
Cowboy shooting competitions,
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And historical reenactments.
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A craftsman starts by using
A press
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And a series of dies
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To cut out out the holster
And belt components.
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This is
Vegetable-tanned leather,
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The only type of leather
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That's flexible enough
To carve or stamp.
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He lays a paper template over
One end of the holster piece
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And marks tiny dots with an awl.
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He connects the dots
With a straight line
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Using a small knife.
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He punches a hole at each dot.
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The lines and holes form
Two wide loops.
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Next, he carves a groove
For stitches along
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What will be the main seam
Of the holster body.
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He sprays water onto the leather
To soften it.
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He makes decorative lines
With a compass.
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Then, he imprints a design
Into the leather
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By striking a stamp
With a mallet.
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Because the leather is moist,
It compresses easily,
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Assuming the shape of the stamp.
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These stamps are
Modern-day copies
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Of the ones used
In the late 19th century.
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A rosette is a common motif
Of that era.
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He uses one tool
For the outline,
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One for the petals,
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And another for the center
Of the flower.
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Then, he adds details with
A small chisel-edged knife
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And stamps on his maker's mark.
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He shaves any sharp corners
And smoothly finishes the edge.
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The holster piece is now cut,
Embellished, and finished.
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The next step is to sew it.
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He marks the stitch holes
Across the bottom
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Where he will later sew
The toe plug.
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Then, he pierces the holes
With an awl.
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He soaks some sheep's wool
In neatsfoot oil and rubs it in.
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This nourishes and conditions
The leather,
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Preserving the impressions
And enhancing the color.
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Once the oil is soaked in,
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He applies a smoothing solution
Onto the edges
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And rubs them
With a piece of canvas.
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Now the sewing can begin.
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He folds one end of the holster
Piece to form a pouch.
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Then, he sews inside the groove
He cut for the main seam.
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Stitches sunken in a groove
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Are far stronger
Than surface stitches.
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When he completes the seam,
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He burns the end of the
Polyester thread with a lighter.
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Then, he sews on the toe plug
And inserts the pouch
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Into the double loops
At the other end of the piece.
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Next, he works on the belt.
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After piercing stitch holes
In the main belt strip,
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He sews on a thinner,
Flexible strip,
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Bending it
Into loops to hold ammo.
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He glues on a leather lining
To make the belt more durable.
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Then, he sews on the billets.
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They're the pieces that go on
Each end of the main belt strip.
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One billet has the buckle,
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And the other has
The adjustment holes.
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After applying some decorative
Nickle studs known as spots,
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He threads the belt
Through the holster...
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...And inserts the ammo.
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This double-loop holster is
A copy of an 1880s holster
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Designed to hold
A single-action army pistol.
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The craftsman can make
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Several different
Authentic styles from this era,
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Customizing the holster to carry
A weapon of any size or shape.
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Narrator: from ocean wildlife
To shipwrecks,
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The undersea world is
Breathtaking.
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Many recreational scuba divers
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Want to capture what they see
On video.
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They can do this with
An ordinary video camera,
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Encased in a specially designed
Watertight housing unit.
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This underwater housing
Has remote camera controls
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And a built-in monitor
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That shows you
What the video camera sees.
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At the factory,
A computer-guided mill uses
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A variety of bits to shape
A tube of extruded aluminum.
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The machine prepares the ends to
Receive front and back pieces.
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It forms a groove
For a rubber o-ring
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To keep water out
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And makes attachment points
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On each side
Of the housing for handles.
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Then, the mill cuts
The front and back pieces
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Out of two blocks of aluminum.
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The machining process leaves
Tool marks,
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So they polish the housing parts
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00:07:10,000 --> 00:07:13,068
By putting them in a tumbler
Full of ceramic stones.
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After about an hour
Of rubbing against the stones,
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The aluminum is smooth and ready
To be anodized.
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This process etches, dyes,
And seals the metal surface,
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Protecting it from the corrosive
Effects of salt water.
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Next, a computer-guided laser
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Etches in
The manufacturer's logo.
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Laser etching is
Far more durable than printing
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Because it bleaches
The black anodized surface white
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So the lettering can't rub off
Over time.
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Several parts of the housing
Are made of plastic.
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Workers pour plastic pellets
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Into an injection-molding
Machine.
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The machine melts the pellets,
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Then shoots the liquefied
Plastic into a mold.
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00:08:06,896 --> 00:08:10,448
After about 15 seconds,
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The machine opens the mold
And ejects a newly formed part.
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This part is a latch
That allows you
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To open the housing
To insert a video camera.
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The handles are made
Of rubber-covered aluminum.
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00:08:24,448 --> 00:08:26,551
Each of
Its camera-control buttons
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Has an o-ring around it
To keep out water.
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00:08:30,275 --> 00:08:34,000
The controls are powered by
Two lithium batteries
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That sit inside
A separate sealed compartment.
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00:08:37,793 --> 00:08:40,482
When you press a control button,
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The post underneath it makes
Contact with electronics inside.
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This produces an infrared signal
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That communicates
With the camera
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Through tiny glass windows.
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The back of the housing has
A built-in lcd monitor,
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Which displays
What the camera sees.
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Both the monitor and camera plug
Into the same circuit board.
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The handles fasten
To the housing
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With a threaded ring.
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There are also holes
On top of the housing
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For attaching a carrying handle.
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00:09:26,758 --> 00:09:29,172
Before attaching the front
And back of the housing,
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They apply rubber o-rings
To keep water out.
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00:09:33,965 --> 00:09:37,482
Then, they install
The flip filter.
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It attaches magnetically
To a pivot
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On the inside of the housing
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And is operated by
An arm on the outside.
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This filter is essential
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Because water absorbs
Certain light wave lengths,
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Eliminating the appearance of
Red, orange, yellow, and green,
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Depending on how deep you go.
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00:09:55,275 --> 00:09:58,034
To restore these colors
In the video,
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00:09:58,034 --> 00:10:02,827
The diver flips the filter over
The camera lens.
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The factory tests every housing
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00:10:04,517 --> 00:10:06,862
To make sure
It's completely watertight.
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00:10:06,862 --> 00:10:10,517
The tester inserts
A video camera
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And submerges the housing
In a water-filled tank.
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He pressurizes the tank
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00:10:17,724 --> 00:10:19,310
To simulate
The underwater pressure
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The housing will experience
At a depth of about 300 feet.
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The housing passes the test
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Only if all the seals hold up
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And no water leaks inside,
Ruining the camera.
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In addition to a flip filter,
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Divers sometimes use lights
To counter the muting effect
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That underwater depth has
On colors.
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The housing has
Attachment points on the handles
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For mounting lights,
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Enabling the video camera
To capture
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The true vivid colors
Of the undersea world.
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Narrator: soy beverages
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Originated in china
Centuries ago,
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Long before lactose intolerance
And dairy allergies.
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Recently,
This dairy-free drink
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00:11:16,655 --> 00:11:19,206
Has become a popular alternative
To milk,
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00:11:19,206 --> 00:11:23,000
Allowing people to order
A latte, but hold the lactose.
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It's not milk,
But it's a good substitute.
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A soy beverage is made from
Liquefied soy beans.
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It has the look and consistency
Of animal milk,
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But is
An entirely different product.
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It starts with a specific kind
Of soybean,
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One that has
Just the right amount
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Of protein and carbohydrates.
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They harvest these soybeans
When the plants are dry.
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Less moisture means the beans
Will be less prone to spoiling.
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They dehull the soybeans
And crack them into small bits.
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A lift carries the heavy bag
Of bean bits
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To a scale
To weigh them for processing.
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The operator cuts open
The bottom of the bag,
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Releasing the cracked soybeans
Into a hopper.
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00:12:18,448 --> 00:12:23,965
Here, augers move the cracked
Beans up to two large grinders.
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The system pipes in hot water,
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00:12:28,517 --> 00:12:30,758
And the grinders whip
The beans and water
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Into a creamy
Soy-beverage concentrate.
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The beverage travels
Through steam-heated pipes.
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This kills off any bacteria that
May have come from the field.
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00:12:42,206 --> 00:12:46,827
Then, it's into a vacuum chamber
For a cooldown.
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00:12:46,827 --> 00:12:49,931
Most of the manufacturing
Equipment is sealed from the air
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00:12:49,931 --> 00:12:51,689
To prevent contamination.
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00:12:53,862 --> 00:12:55,551
The soy-beverage concentrate
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Leaves the vacuum chamber
And enters a centrifuge.
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00:12:59,034 --> 00:13:02,482
It spins out much
Of the chunky insoluble fiber,
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00:13:02,482 --> 00:13:05,034
Leaving smoother,
Thinner liquid.
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00:13:07,586 --> 00:13:09,758
The soybean fiber
Won't be wasted.
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00:13:09,758 --> 00:13:14,172
It will be used in food products
And animal feed.
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00:13:14,172 --> 00:13:17,034
The soy liquid flows
Into a big blender.
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00:13:17,034 --> 00:13:19,448
They pipe in filtered water,
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Add refined sugar,
Vanilla extract,
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00:13:23,620 --> 00:13:26,275
As well as various vitamins
And minerals.
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00:13:30,000 --> 00:13:32,827
He closes the lid
While the blender mixes
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00:13:32,827 --> 00:13:35,275
The ingredients
Into a frothy soy beverage.
205
00:13:37,379 --> 00:13:39,517
The soy beverage exits
The blender
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00:13:39,517 --> 00:13:41,931
And flows
Into a huge storage tank,
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00:13:41,931 --> 00:13:43,551
Where an agitator
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00:13:43,551 --> 00:13:46,586
Keeps the various ingredients
Well-mixed.
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00:13:48,655 --> 00:13:50,448
The tank is refrigerated
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00:13:50,448 --> 00:13:52,689
To preserve the beverage
While it's held for testing.
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00:13:55,068 --> 00:13:57,172
The operator takes a sample
To test
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00:13:57,172 --> 00:14:00,965
The consistency and nutritional
Value of the beverage.
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00:14:07,103 --> 00:14:11,758
With his approval, the beverage
Is released from the tanks.
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00:14:11,758 --> 00:14:16,068
It flows through pipes
Injected with very hot steam.
215
00:14:16,068 --> 00:14:20,034
This kills off any
Microorganisms that may remain.
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00:14:23,137 --> 00:14:24,793
After a quick cooling,
217
00:14:24,793 --> 00:14:28,137
The soy beverage
Goes into a homogenizer.
218
00:14:28,137 --> 00:14:31,517
It pushes the beverage
Through small holes
219
00:14:31,517 --> 00:14:33,137
To break down the fat,
220
00:14:33,137 --> 00:14:35,896
Reducing the size
Of the particles.
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00:14:35,896 --> 00:14:37,965
The soy beverage accumulates
222
00:14:37,965 --> 00:14:40,724
In a sterile tank
Until it's ready to be packaged.
223
00:14:43,482 --> 00:14:45,827
The soy beverages are packaged
224
00:14:45,827 --> 00:14:49,689
Without any exposure to
Contaminants in the environment.
225
00:14:53,551 --> 00:14:57,379
The packaging material is
Made of a polyethylene laminate.
226
00:14:57,379 --> 00:15:01,241
Machinery takes the laminate
Up to a steel ring
227
00:15:01,241 --> 00:15:05,034
That forms it
Into a tubular shape.
228
00:15:05,034 --> 00:15:07,758
Hot jaws seal
The sides and bottom,
229
00:15:07,758 --> 00:15:10,931
Then inject the soy beverage
And seal the top.
230
00:15:14,689 --> 00:15:18,206
The cartons land on the conveyor
On their side.
231
00:15:18,206 --> 00:15:21,137
They're liquid-tight
So nothing spills.
232
00:15:23,103 --> 00:15:25,482
Then, a conveyor transfers them
233
00:15:25,482 --> 00:15:29,206
To a revolving wheel
That turns them right-side-up.
234
00:15:29,206 --> 00:15:31,482
Now that they are oriented
Correctly,
235
00:15:31,482 --> 00:15:34,689
They ride a windy conveyor
To a capping station.
236
00:15:37,413 --> 00:15:39,551
Plastic caps land on spouts
237
00:15:39,551 --> 00:15:42,275
That have been molded
To the packages.
238
00:15:42,275 --> 00:15:47,000
A system of rubber belts screw
The caps onto the spouts.
239
00:15:49,310 --> 00:15:52,862
This packaging can preserve
A soy beverage for up to a year.
240
00:15:56,206 --> 00:15:58,551
It probably won't be
On the shelf for that long
241
00:15:58,551 --> 00:16:00,689
Because someone is
Always looking
242
00:16:00,689 --> 00:16:03,482
For a dietary alternative.
243
00:16:14,862 --> 00:16:16,758
Narrator:
Dogs and cats have round nails,
244
00:16:16,758 --> 00:16:18,068
While humans have flat ones.
245
00:16:18,068 --> 00:16:20,241
Special trimming tools
Have been developed
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To give them
The perfect pedicure.
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Guillotine-style clippers have
A hole for the pet's nail
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And a sliding blade that cuts it
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00:16:28,448 --> 00:16:31,482
So the pet will be back
On its feet in no time.
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00:16:33,724 --> 00:16:36,620
Long nails can damage
A dog's foot pads,
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00:16:36,620 --> 00:16:39,448
So they must be trimmed
From time to time.
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00:16:39,448 --> 00:16:41,827
Pets usually don't like
Having their nails done,
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But a guillotine-style trimmer
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Can make the experience
Less of an ordeal.
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00:16:46,275 --> 00:16:48,965
Its sliding blade trims
Their nails quickly
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00:16:48,965 --> 00:16:51,482
So it's over
Before they know it.
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Production of guillotine-style
Pet-nail trimmers
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Starts with a feeder system.
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00:16:58,827 --> 00:17:00,206
The feeder system
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00:17:00,206 --> 00:17:03,620
Uncoils a strip of steel
Into a punch press.
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00:17:03,620 --> 00:17:07,344
The press cuts out
Two handle blanks at once.
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00:17:11,275 --> 00:17:13,827
It also makes holes
For screws and rivets,
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00:17:13,827 --> 00:17:15,758
As well as a hook for a spring.
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00:17:15,758 --> 00:17:20,482
A second press rounds the handle
To make it easier to grip.
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00:17:25,931 --> 00:17:29,034
Here is a large handle
Before and after the shaping.
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00:17:31,413 --> 00:17:33,655
The handle now goes
Into a third press.
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00:17:33,655 --> 00:17:39,310
This one folds the tabs down to
Create a pocket for the blades.
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00:17:39,310 --> 00:17:44,206
Here is a handle
Before and after this forming.
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00:17:44,206 --> 00:17:49,034
Next, a narrow strip of steel
Unwinds into a press.
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00:17:49,034 --> 00:17:53,413
The press cuts and shapes it
Into the main sliding blade.
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00:17:53,413 --> 00:17:57,586
The half-moon-shaped end will be
The cutting edge.
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00:17:57,586 --> 00:18:00,689
A worker slides the blades
Onto a rack
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00:18:00,689 --> 00:18:04,379
With the half-moon edge
Facing downward.
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00:18:04,379 --> 00:18:07,172
This makes it easier
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00:18:07,172 --> 00:18:10,655
To load the blades
Into a grinding fixture.
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00:18:10,655 --> 00:18:15,275
She places two in each slot
With the half-moon facing up.
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00:18:15,275 --> 00:18:19,689
A carriage moves the fixture
Back and forth
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00:18:19,689 --> 00:18:21,655
Under a grinding stone.
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00:18:21,655 --> 00:18:24,655
It grinds the entire row
Of blades at once.
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00:18:24,655 --> 00:18:28,241
This improves the strength and
Sharpness of the cutting edge.
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00:18:30,241 --> 00:18:32,068
She inspects every blade
To confirm
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00:18:32,068 --> 00:18:35,689
That each one has been ground
To the correct profile.
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00:18:38,586 --> 00:18:41,034
On the left is a blade
Before grinding
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00:18:41,034 --> 00:18:44,931
And on the right is one after.
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00:18:44,931 --> 00:18:48,000
She dips the blades
In a cleaning solution
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00:18:48,000 --> 00:18:49,689
And rinses them.
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00:18:53,517 --> 00:18:55,034
This cleaning removes
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00:18:55,034 --> 00:18:58,344
Lubricating-oil residue
And metal filings.
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00:19:03,103 --> 00:19:06,620
She transfers the blades
To a perforated tray.
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00:19:06,620 --> 00:19:09,931
She spreads them evenly,
Switches on an overhead fan,
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00:19:09,931 --> 00:19:12,655
And leaves them to dry
For several minutes.
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00:19:15,103 --> 00:19:17,103
Heat treatment hardens
The blades,
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00:19:17,103 --> 00:19:19,620
And polishing finishes them.
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00:19:19,620 --> 00:19:22,413
Next up is the retainer blade.
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00:19:22,413 --> 00:19:25,068
It's the one with the hole
For the nail.
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00:19:25,068 --> 00:19:29,758
She arranges the circular blades
On a magnetized tray.
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00:19:31,758 --> 00:19:34,241
The blades cling to the tray
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00:19:34,241 --> 00:19:37,551
As a carriage moves them
Back and forth under a grinder.
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00:19:37,551 --> 00:19:41,896
The grinding sharpens
The front of the blades
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00:19:41,896 --> 00:19:44,482
And removes scale
Left by a heat treatment.
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00:19:48,896 --> 00:19:54,103
This is the retainer blade
Before and after grinding.
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00:19:54,103 --> 00:19:57,103
The pet-nail-trimmer parts
Are ready for assembly.
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00:19:57,103 --> 00:20:00,103
The employee rivets a metal link
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00:20:00,103 --> 00:20:03,000
For the sliding blade
To the smaller handle.
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00:20:05,931 --> 00:20:07,931
Once the parts have been
Chrome-plated,
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00:20:07,931 --> 00:20:11,689
Another worker hinges the large
Handle to the smaller one.
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00:20:13,862 --> 00:20:16,241
He hooks one end of a spring
To the metal link.
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00:20:18,206 --> 00:20:20,000
He inserts the sliding blade
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00:20:20,000 --> 00:20:21,551
Into the track
In the large handle,
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00:20:21,551 --> 00:20:25,172
Lifting the link to hook it
Into the blade.
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00:20:25,172 --> 00:20:29,586
He adds
The circular retainer blade.
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00:20:29,586 --> 00:20:32,068
He places a metal plate
Over the track
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00:20:32,068 --> 00:20:33,793
And screws it in place.
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00:20:33,793 --> 00:20:35,517
This secures the top blade,
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00:20:35,517 --> 00:20:39,068
While allowing the link to move
The sliding blade.
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00:20:39,068 --> 00:20:41,793
He hooks the other end
Of the spring
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00:20:41,793 --> 00:20:43,241
To the larger handle
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00:20:43,241 --> 00:20:45,344
And bends
The circular blade slightly
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00:20:45,344 --> 00:20:47,724
To give it the correct profile.
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00:20:47,724 --> 00:20:52,137
Now a worker tests the trimmer
On dried buffalo hide.
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00:20:52,137 --> 00:20:54,655
Dried buffalo hide is
Tougher than pet nails.
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00:20:54,655 --> 00:20:57,413
With his okay, this cutting tool
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00:20:57,413 --> 00:21:00,206
Is ready for the paws and claws
For our furry friends.
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00:21:00,206 --> 00:21:04,482
The main blade can be replaced
If it becomes dull,
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00:21:04,482 --> 00:21:06,206
Which means
This pet-nail trimmer
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00:21:06,206 --> 00:21:08,862
Can be used
For many years to come.
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00:21:18,896 --> 00:21:21,241
If you have any comments
About the show,
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00:21:21,241 --> 00:21:23,931
Or if you'd like to suggest
Topics for future shows,
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00:21:23,931 --> 00:21:25,827
Drop us a line at...
26721
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