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--captions by vitac--
Www.Vitac.Com
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Captions paid for by
Discovery communications
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Narrator: the first fireplaces
Were strictly functional
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00:00:55,793 --> 00:00:59,068
For heating the home,
Cooking meals,
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00:00:59,172 --> 00:01:01,172
And warming water for bathing.
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00:01:01,275 --> 00:01:04,965
Over time, fireplaces appeared
In other rooms of the house
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00:01:05,068 --> 00:01:07,517
And acquired ascetic features
Such as wood,
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00:01:07,620 --> 00:01:09,517
Stone, or tile work.
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00:01:12,724 --> 00:01:15,793
This ceramic fireplace
Is a heritage model
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00:01:15,896 --> 00:01:18,206
Inspired by fireplaces
Of the late 19th
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00:01:18,310 --> 00:01:20,724
And early 20th century.
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00:01:20,827 --> 00:01:24,000
Certain tiles
Are exact replicas of originals.
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00:01:26,000 --> 00:01:30,137
At the ceramic factory
They mix water with clay,
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00:01:30,241 --> 00:01:33,931
Feldspar, and silica
In a pugmill.
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00:01:34,034 --> 00:01:37,103
Together,
These formulate a clay blend.
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00:01:37,206 --> 00:01:39,310
Once the mix
Is the right consistency,
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00:01:39,413 --> 00:01:41,241
The operator presses a button,
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00:01:41,344 --> 00:01:43,793
And the mill
Switches to extrusion mode.
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00:01:43,896 --> 00:01:48,172
This forces the clay blend
Through a mantel shaped die
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00:01:48,275 --> 00:01:52,517
And produces a 10- to 15-inch
Long extruded mantel piece.
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00:01:52,620 --> 00:01:54,413
They trim the piece
With a cutting wire
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00:01:54,517 --> 00:01:57,793
To the precise length required.
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00:01:57,896 --> 00:02:01,758
They use this extrusion method
For making longer pieces.
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00:02:01,862 --> 00:02:03,517
If they need shorter ones
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00:02:03,620 --> 00:02:06,724
They often cast them
Individually in a mold.
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00:02:08,137 --> 00:02:11,137
When casting they add
Significantly more water
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00:02:11,241 --> 00:02:15,172
To the clay blend to produce
A liquid clay called slip.
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00:02:15,275 --> 00:02:18,068
They pour the slip
Into a plaster mold.
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00:02:18,172 --> 00:02:21,862
The porous plaster gradually
Absorbs most of the water,
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00:02:21,965 --> 00:02:24,517
Leaving a layer of clay
About 6 millimeters thick
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00:02:24,620 --> 00:02:27,758
On the walls
Of the mantel-shaped cavity.
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00:02:27,862 --> 00:02:31,379
After a few hours,
They pour out the excess slip
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00:02:31,482 --> 00:02:35,241
And open the mold to extract
The cast mantel piece.
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00:02:37,310 --> 00:02:40,482
Once the clay becomes
Firm enough to handle
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00:02:40,586 --> 00:02:42,620
They carefully trim off
The excess
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00:02:42,724 --> 00:02:45,310
Around the opening in the mold.
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00:02:47,172 --> 00:02:49,344
Then they gently smooth down
The seam
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00:02:49,448 --> 00:02:53,655
Along the junction between
The two halves of the mold.
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00:02:53,758 --> 00:02:55,758
On the opposite side
Of the pour hole,
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00:02:55,862 --> 00:02:59,034
They cut out a matching hole.
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00:02:59,137 --> 00:03:01,689
This will help the clay
Dry faster
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00:03:01,793 --> 00:03:05,241
By enabling air to flow through
The inside of the piece.
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00:03:06,896 --> 00:03:08,586
To compensate for shrinkage,
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00:03:08,689 --> 00:03:12,413
The molds and extrusion dies
Are designed 11% larger
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00:03:12,517 --> 00:03:15,000
Than the size
Of the finished piece.
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00:03:15,103 --> 00:03:17,827
Clay shrinks as it dries.
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00:03:17,931 --> 00:03:20,344
To make the fireplace's
Ceramic tiles,
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00:03:20,448 --> 00:03:23,551
They produce a rubber mold
Of two adjoining tiles
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00:03:23,655 --> 00:03:25,689
And place it
Inside a metal casing.
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00:03:25,793 --> 00:03:29,068
They also include a release
System to help with extraction.
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00:03:29,172 --> 00:03:30,482
They fill the casing
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00:03:30,586 --> 00:03:32,965
With an exceptionally strong
Type of plaster.
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00:03:33,068 --> 00:03:35,068
It sets in about half an hour,
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00:03:35,172 --> 00:03:37,620
Taking on the shape
Of the rubber mold.
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00:03:37,724 --> 00:03:39,344
This plaster casting
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00:03:39,448 --> 00:03:42,551
Is the die they'll now use
To produce the tiles.
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00:03:42,655 --> 00:03:45,448
They mount the die
On what's known as a ram press
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00:03:45,551 --> 00:03:48,758
Because it literally rams
A block of clay in the die
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00:03:48,862 --> 00:03:51,965
And compresses it
With 30 tons of pressure.
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00:03:54,448 --> 00:03:58,551
The tile die is also 11% larger
Than the final size
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00:03:58,655 --> 00:04:02,620
To compensate for shrinkage
During drying and firing.
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00:04:02,724 --> 00:04:04,448
They remove excess clay
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00:04:04,551 --> 00:04:08,931
And send it back to the pugmill
To be recycled.
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00:04:09,034 --> 00:04:11,379
Then they position a board
Under the die
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00:04:11,482 --> 00:04:13,448
And activate the release system,
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00:04:13,551 --> 00:04:17,241
Which extracts the clay
With a blast of compressed air.
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00:04:21,586 --> 00:04:24,793
They trim off the excess clay.
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00:04:28,344 --> 00:04:29,965
Once dry,
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00:04:30,068 --> 00:04:33,241
The tiles and mantel pieces
Are ready to be glazed.
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00:04:34,655 --> 00:04:36,344
Glaze is a chemical formula
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00:04:36,448 --> 00:04:38,758
Containing finely ground silica
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00:04:38,862 --> 00:04:41,000
Combined
With different combinations
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00:04:41,103 --> 00:04:45,034
Of metallic elements
To produce specific colors.
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00:04:45,137 --> 00:04:46,448
They use a spray gun
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00:04:46,551 --> 00:04:50,068
To apply glaze to the mantels
And a tube tip applicator
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00:04:50,172 --> 00:04:51,931
To glaze the tiles.
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00:04:54,724 --> 00:04:58,620
The tiles design has raised
Borders between its components.
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00:04:58,724 --> 00:05:00,965
These are called cuenca lines.
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00:05:01,068 --> 00:05:02,793
They prevent the different
Colored glazes
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00:05:02,896 --> 00:05:05,241
From flowing into each other.
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00:05:10,758 --> 00:05:12,689
The glazed mantel piece
And tiles
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00:05:12,793 --> 00:05:18,551
Now go into a gas-fired kiln
For 12 to 14 hours.
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00:05:18,655 --> 00:05:21,965
The high temperature,
2,100 degrees fahrenheit,
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00:05:22,068 --> 00:05:23,931
Triggers chemical reactions
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00:05:24,034 --> 00:05:25,965
Which harden and strengthen
The pieces.
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00:05:26,068 --> 00:05:29,000
The clay's mineral composition
Transforms
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Into a completely new
Configuration
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Of crystals and glass.
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00:05:33,310 --> 00:05:37,172
As for the glaze, its precise
Formulation of metallic elements
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00:05:37,275 --> 00:05:39,275
Produces a specific color,
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00:05:39,379 --> 00:05:41,827
And the silica melts
Into a glass surface.
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00:05:41,931 --> 00:05:44,620
The ceramics
Are now smooth and shiny
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00:05:44,724 --> 00:05:47,965
And ready to transform
An otherwise ordinary fireplace
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00:05:48,068 --> 00:05:50,965
Into a work of art.
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00:06:00,413 --> 00:06:02,206
Narrator: many winemakers
Choose to seal their bottles
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00:06:02,310 --> 00:06:05,827
With synthetic closures instead
Of natural cork from tree bark.
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00:06:05,931 --> 00:06:07,586
This prevents cork taint,
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00:06:07,689 --> 00:06:09,482
Which happens when natural cork
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00:06:09,586 --> 00:06:12,172
Gets contaminated
By the tca molecule.
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00:06:12,275 --> 00:06:15,965
Cork taint is completely
Harmless to humans,
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00:06:16,068 --> 00:06:18,620
But spoils the taste
Of the wine.
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00:06:20,689 --> 00:06:23,551
This engineered cork
Is entirely synthetic
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00:06:23,655 --> 00:06:27,448
And therefore resistant
To tca contamination.
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00:06:27,551 --> 00:06:30,655
It's made of a food-grade
Polyethylene foam core
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00:06:30,758 --> 00:06:34,517
Encased
In elasticized polymer skin.
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00:06:34,620 --> 00:06:38,551
Both materials contract
To squeeze inside the bottleneck
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00:06:38,655 --> 00:06:40,172
But then regain
Their original shape
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00:06:40,275 --> 00:06:42,379
To seal the opening.
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00:06:42,482 --> 00:06:43,827
To make the foam core,
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00:06:43,931 --> 00:06:47,448
They mix talc with pellets
Of low density polyethylene,
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00:06:47,551 --> 00:06:49,931
A pliable type of plastic.
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00:06:50,034 --> 00:06:52,896
Then they add pellets
Of dark brown and beige colorant
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00:06:53,000 --> 00:06:56,344
To mimic the wood grain look
Of natural cork.
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00:06:58,034 --> 00:07:00,206
For each customer's
Order of corks,
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00:07:00,310 --> 00:07:03,241
A computerized system
Automatically releases
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00:07:03,344 --> 00:07:05,482
The right amount
Of each ingredient
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00:07:05,586 --> 00:07:08,034
Into an industrial blender.
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00:07:08,137 --> 00:07:12,275
The blender feeds a specially
Designed dual extrusion machine.
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00:07:12,379 --> 00:07:15,758
The machine melts the foam mix
To a liquid state
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00:07:15,862 --> 00:07:18,206
Then injects carbon dioxide.
121
00:07:18,310 --> 00:07:19,724
This produces bubbles,
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00:07:19,827 --> 00:07:23,517
Which create the cellular
Structure of the foam.
123
00:07:23,620 --> 00:07:26,379
The liquid foam enters the
Machine's horizontal extruder,
124
00:07:26,482 --> 00:07:30,896
While elasticized polymer enters
The machine's angled extruder.
125
00:07:31,000 --> 00:07:32,310
Both extruders
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00:07:32,413 --> 00:07:35,103
Squeeze their materials
Through the same shaping die,
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00:07:35,206 --> 00:07:38,586
Which outputs a continuous rod
Of skin-encased foam.
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00:07:38,689 --> 00:07:42,448
The foam core
Immediately expands.
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00:07:42,551 --> 00:07:44,620
The elastic skin
Stretches with it.
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00:07:44,724 --> 00:07:47,517
A water bath cools the rod,
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00:07:47,620 --> 00:07:50,827
Halting this expansion
At a specific diameter.
132
00:07:50,931 --> 00:07:53,034
Then, an underwater
Ultrasonic gauge
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00:07:53,137 --> 00:07:56,448
Measures the thickness
Of the outer skin
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00:07:56,551 --> 00:07:59,137
To make sure
It meets specifications.
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00:08:00,241 --> 00:08:03,034
The rod exits the water bath
136
00:08:03,137 --> 00:08:06,620
And continues cooling
And shrinking as it drip dries.
137
00:08:08,931 --> 00:08:12,896
A laser gauge then verifies
That the rod is perfectly round
138
00:08:13,000 --> 00:08:16,206
And measures a specific diameter
By this point.
139
00:08:17,620 --> 00:08:19,000
When any of the measuring gauges
140
00:08:19,103 --> 00:08:22,482
Detects an area that doesn't
Meet specifications,
141
00:08:22,586 --> 00:08:25,448
That part of the rod
Is flagged in the system
142
00:08:25,551 --> 00:08:28,689
And is discarded at the end
Of the production line.
143
00:08:31,862 --> 00:08:35,862
The rod now enters
The final cooling phase.
144
00:08:35,965 --> 00:08:40,344
It travels in several loops past
Nozzles spraying cold water.
145
00:08:45,551 --> 00:08:49,172
As the rod cools,
It shrinks to its final size,
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00:08:49,275 --> 00:08:53,344
A diameter of between
22 and 23 millimeters.
147
00:08:53,448 --> 00:08:55,034
It's designed to fit snugly
148
00:08:55,137 --> 00:08:59,275
Inside the standard
18.5-millimeter bottle opening.
149
00:09:02,034 --> 00:09:05,448
They had to calculate exactly
How wide to extrude the rod
150
00:09:05,551 --> 00:09:08,310
So that after expansion
Then shrinkage,
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00:09:08,413 --> 00:09:11,344
It would end up
At this precise diameter.
152
00:09:13,586 --> 00:09:15,655
The rod now enters a cutter.
153
00:09:15,758 --> 00:09:19,206
The blade is so sharp that
A safety cover is mandatory.
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00:09:19,310 --> 00:09:22,000
It's removed here
Only for the camera.
155
00:09:27,896 --> 00:09:32,000
The winery placing the order
Specifies the cork length.
156
00:09:32,103 --> 00:09:34,586
Air jets automatically blow off
Any corks
157
00:09:34,689 --> 00:09:37,379
Cut from areas
The measuring gauges flagged
158
00:09:37,482 --> 00:09:38,758
As being problematic.
159
00:09:41,862 --> 00:09:44,758
The cutter slices
About 10 standard-length corks
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00:09:44,862 --> 00:09:46,620
Per second.
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00:09:51,965 --> 00:09:54,448
All the good corks
Land on the conveyor belt
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00:09:54,551 --> 00:09:56,379
And travel
To the end of the line,
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00:09:56,482 --> 00:09:58,586
Where computer sensors
Count them
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00:09:58,689 --> 00:10:01,000
As they drop
Into a collection bin.
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00:10:03,344 --> 00:10:06,896
Additional machines print
On the winery's name and logo,
166
00:10:07,000 --> 00:10:09,931
And lubricate the surface
With silicone
167
00:10:10,034 --> 00:10:13,482
So the corks will glide in
And out of the bottle with ease.
168
00:10:18,965 --> 00:10:23,068
The factory's on-site lab
Tests samples from every order.
169
00:10:24,206 --> 00:10:26,965
Sensory specialists
Sniff each cork
170
00:10:27,068 --> 00:10:30,310
And compare it
To a control sample.
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00:10:30,413 --> 00:10:32,206
There must be
No discernible odor
172
00:10:32,310 --> 00:10:36,103
That might affect the aroma
Or flavor of the wine.
173
00:10:36,206 --> 00:10:40,551
If there is, the entire order
Of corks fails inspection.
174
00:10:42,827 --> 00:10:46,103
While natural cork
Is designed by mother nature,
175
00:10:46,206 --> 00:10:49,241
A synthetic cork manufacturer
Can engineer the closure
176
00:10:49,344 --> 00:10:52,827
To fit more or less snugly
According to the amount of air
177
00:10:52,931 --> 00:10:56,586
The particular wine needs
To develop correctly.
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00:11:08,206 --> 00:11:10,862
Narrator:
Multi-tiered parking garages
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00:11:10,965 --> 00:11:13,241
Have become an urban phenomenon.
180
00:11:13,344 --> 00:11:16,000
With each floor
Added to the garage
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00:11:16,103 --> 00:11:19,724
The number of parking spaces
Increases.
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00:11:19,827 --> 00:11:22,068
In crowded cities
Where land is limited,
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00:11:22,172 --> 00:11:25,172
Garages like these
Are a necessity.
184
00:11:29,724 --> 00:11:33,827
They build parking garages
One concrete slab at a time.
185
00:11:33,931 --> 00:11:36,206
These slabs are known
As double-t's
186
00:11:36,310 --> 00:11:40,896
Because the two support beams
Are in a double-t configuration.
187
00:11:41,000 --> 00:11:43,551
Double-t's are often
Factory made
188
00:11:43,655 --> 00:11:46,448
And transported
To the construction site later.
189
00:11:46,551 --> 00:11:50,034
They are designed to hold up
Under very heavy loads.
190
00:11:51,517 --> 00:11:54,241
They make these slabs outdoors.
191
00:11:54,344 --> 00:11:58,344
Wind blows dirt onto the molds,
So they sweep it clean.
192
00:11:58,448 --> 00:12:01,034
This mold is about 500 feet long
193
00:12:01,137 --> 00:12:05,241
And will be used
To make several slabs.
194
00:12:05,344 --> 00:12:08,448
They spray an oil-based
Release agent onto it.
195
00:12:08,551 --> 00:12:11,931
The release agent will allow
The slabs to be easily extracted
196
00:12:12,034 --> 00:12:14,793
When complete,
Preventing cracking.
197
00:12:14,896 --> 00:12:18,551
They spread it more evenly
Using mops.
198
00:12:18,655 --> 00:12:21,758
This release agent bonds
To the metal quickly
199
00:12:21,862 --> 00:12:25,241
And won't wash off easily
If it happens to rain.
200
00:12:27,896 --> 00:12:29,206
They're now ready to assemble
201
00:12:29,310 --> 00:12:32,620
The floor slab's elaborate
Support structure.
202
00:12:33,793 --> 00:12:35,862
They prop up the ends
Of each slab
203
00:12:35,965 --> 00:12:38,241
With galvanized steel stirrups.
204
00:12:42,310 --> 00:12:45,344
They place l-shaped
Bearing plates
205
00:12:45,448 --> 00:12:48,448
In strategic locations
Along the mold.
206
00:12:51,931 --> 00:12:55,034
Then they insert wooden blocks
In the mold.
207
00:12:55,137 --> 00:12:58,586
These blocks will form notches
In the cast concrete
208
00:12:58,689 --> 00:13:02,379
That will be used to join
The slabs during construction.
209
00:13:04,827 --> 00:13:07,724
Next, workers thread
High-strength steel cables
210
00:13:07,827 --> 00:13:11,206
Called tendons throughout
The beam sections of the mold.
211
00:13:11,310 --> 00:13:15,517
They pull the ends through holes
To the outside of the mold
212
00:13:15,620 --> 00:13:17,172
And clamp them.
213
00:13:20,724 --> 00:13:24,896
A worker tucks another wood
Block between two tendons
214
00:13:25,000 --> 00:13:26,344
To complete the notch part
Of the mold
215
00:13:26,448 --> 00:13:28,931
And hold the tendons in place.
216
00:13:30,655 --> 00:13:33,103
The team threads more tendons
Throughout the mold,
217
00:13:33,206 --> 00:13:36,620
Weaving
A strategic support structure.
218
00:13:41,551 --> 00:13:45,413
To separate each cast slab,
They insert wooden dividers
219
00:13:45,517 --> 00:13:48,172
With slots
That accommodate the tendons.
220
00:13:53,310 --> 00:13:56,034
They adjust the location
Of each of the stirrups
221
00:13:56,137 --> 00:14:00,000
So that they sit at a specific
Spot near the dividers.
222
00:14:07,379 --> 00:14:12,172
With the final tendons in place,
They bring in a hydraulic jack.
223
00:14:15,379 --> 00:14:19,517
The worker attaches it to one
Of the protruding steel tendons.
224
00:14:22,586 --> 00:14:25,482
He activates the jack,
And it pulls the tendon
225
00:14:25,586 --> 00:14:27,827
Until it's stretched tight
Like a rubber band.
226
00:14:31,551 --> 00:14:34,793
He pulls the rest of the tendons
With the jack
227
00:14:34,896 --> 00:14:36,758
And checks the tension
To confirm
228
00:14:36,862 --> 00:14:39,793
That it's exactly the same
For each one.
229
00:14:42,655 --> 00:14:44,724
Pulled tight and later released,
230
00:14:44,827 --> 00:14:47,482
The cables will hold
The concrete under compression,
231
00:14:47,586 --> 00:14:49,379
Adding strength to it.
232
00:14:53,310 --> 00:14:55,517
Without it, the concrete slabs
233
00:14:55,620 --> 00:15:00,206
Would never be able to support
The weight of many vehicles.
234
00:15:00,310 --> 00:15:03,620
The next worker ties a plastic
Bracket to the stirrups
235
00:15:03,724 --> 00:15:05,724
To set them at the right height.
236
00:15:10,241 --> 00:15:12,931
He inserts metal mesh
Into the mold
237
00:15:13,034 --> 00:15:15,137
Where each slab will end.
238
00:15:15,241 --> 00:15:16,896
This will help disperse
239
00:15:17,000 --> 00:15:20,310
Some of the concentrated
Bearing stresses.
240
00:15:20,413 --> 00:15:22,310
He stabilizes the mesh,
241
00:15:22,413 --> 00:15:25,137
And reinforces it
With the support structure.
242
00:15:30,586 --> 00:15:32,620
The team places plastic pockets
243
00:15:32,724 --> 00:15:35,793
Along the tops of the beam
Sections of the mold.
244
00:15:38,413 --> 00:15:41,241
These pockets will be used
To chain the slab to the truck
245
00:15:41,344 --> 00:15:43,620
During transport.
246
00:15:43,724 --> 00:15:46,724
They'll also act as entry points
For electrical wiring
247
00:15:46,827 --> 00:15:50,448
And hold controls for parking
Space counting equipment.
248
00:15:55,551 --> 00:15:56,931
Coming up next,
249
00:15:57,034 --> 00:15:59,931
The deck section
Gets plenty of extra support,
250
00:16:00,034 --> 00:16:02,586
And then it's set in concrete.
251
00:16:16,310 --> 00:16:18,172
Narrator: the average car
Weighs well over 2,000 pounds,
252
00:16:18,275 --> 00:16:19,862
So each parking garage floor
253
00:16:19,965 --> 00:16:21,862
Must hold up
Many times that weight.
254
00:16:21,965 --> 00:16:24,620
Double-t concrete slabs
Make this possible.
255
00:16:24,724 --> 00:16:27,379
Each slab
Has two reinforcing beams,
256
00:16:27,482 --> 00:16:30,000
And each beam
Has a tense steel skeleton
257
00:16:30,103 --> 00:16:33,551
That compresses the concrete,
Making it stronger.
258
00:16:36,793 --> 00:16:37,931
With the steel tendons
259
00:16:38,034 --> 00:16:40,137
Stretched through the beam parts
Of the mold,
260
00:16:40,241 --> 00:16:43,862
Workers now lay metal mesh
Across the deck.
261
00:16:43,965 --> 00:16:47,241
This mesh is known
As welded wire fabric,
262
00:16:47,344 --> 00:16:50,896
And it will reinforce
The surface of the parking slab.
263
00:16:53,241 --> 00:16:56,103
They tie the welded wire
Together
264
00:16:56,206 --> 00:16:58,758
For full coverage
Across the deck.
265
00:17:01,000 --> 00:17:04,206
They use plastic clips
To prop up the wire
266
00:17:04,310 --> 00:17:05,620
So that when they
Pour the concrete,
267
00:17:05,724 --> 00:17:08,068
It will envelop both sides.
268
00:17:09,931 --> 00:17:11,724
They insert handles
269
00:17:11,827 --> 00:17:14,379
That will protrude from the ends
Of the completed slab
270
00:17:14,482 --> 00:17:18,068
To allow it to be lifted
For transport and installation.
271
00:17:18,172 --> 00:17:23,000
There are four double handles
In each parking floor slab.
272
00:17:25,448 --> 00:17:30,517
They enmesh the prongs of weld
Plates in the steel grid.
273
00:17:30,620 --> 00:17:32,862
The plates
Are strategically positioned
274
00:17:32,965 --> 00:17:36,689
For the welding of the slab
To other pieces of concrete.
275
00:17:38,620 --> 00:17:41,551
All the prep work
Is finally done,
276
00:17:41,655 --> 00:17:43,758
And they pour the concrete.
277
00:17:45,896 --> 00:17:49,620
The concrete flows into the beam
Sections of the mold first,
278
00:17:49,724 --> 00:17:53,379
And then workers spread
The overflow across the deck.
279
00:17:53,482 --> 00:17:55,517
This is a high-performance
Formula
280
00:17:55,620 --> 00:17:59,724
That's known in the industry
As self-consolidating concrete.
281
00:17:59,827 --> 00:18:02,482
It flows evenly
Into tight spaces
282
00:18:02,586 --> 00:18:06,965
And compacts better without
The need for much vibrating.
283
00:18:07,068 --> 00:18:09,827
This leveler vibrates
The surface of the concrete
284
00:18:09,931 --> 00:18:12,758
Only slightly
As it evens it out.
285
00:18:15,931 --> 00:18:18,172
They then rake the surface
Of the slab
286
00:18:18,275 --> 00:18:21,034
To allow another layer
Of concrete to adhere to it
287
00:18:21,137 --> 00:18:23,068
Later during construction.
288
00:18:28,103 --> 00:18:30,000
They now insert arced metal bars
289
00:18:30,103 --> 00:18:32,448
Into slots
On the sides of the mold
290
00:18:32,551 --> 00:18:35,655
To form a ribbed framework
Down the length of it.
291
00:18:37,620 --> 00:18:40,586
This serves as a support
Structure for a tent.
292
00:18:40,689 --> 00:18:42,793
They unroll the tarp
From a huge spool
293
00:18:42,896 --> 00:18:44,827
And drape it over the ribbing.
294
00:18:49,965 --> 00:18:52,551
They secure the canvas
To the sides of the mold
295
00:18:52,655 --> 00:18:54,413
With hooks.
296
00:18:56,206 --> 00:18:58,241
The tent will shelter
The concrete
297
00:18:58,344 --> 00:19:00,827
From the wind and rain
As it cures.
298
00:19:03,413 --> 00:19:05,655
Along with an additional
Plastic layer,
299
00:19:05,758 --> 00:19:09,620
It will contain the hot and
Humid conditions created inside.
300
00:19:09,724 --> 00:19:12,482
The heat accelerates the curing
Of the concrete,
301
00:19:12,586 --> 00:19:16,310
And the humidity
Prevents cracking.
302
00:19:16,413 --> 00:19:20,896
The cure takes 16 hours,
And then they roll up the tarp.
303
00:19:24,482 --> 00:19:27,310
Using a torch,
They cut the steel tendons
304
00:19:27,413 --> 00:19:30,793
And place the concrete
Under compression.
305
00:19:30,896 --> 00:19:34,068
The cuts
Also separate the slabs.
306
00:19:35,758 --> 00:19:39,482
A driver now parks his crane
Over one of the slabs.
307
00:19:42,241 --> 00:19:44,275
Workers attach the hooks
Of the crane
308
00:19:44,379 --> 00:19:47,689
To the protruding handles
At the ends of the slab.
309
00:19:50,241 --> 00:19:54,482
They signal the crane operator,
And he activates the lift.
310
00:19:54,586 --> 00:19:56,862
Thanks to the release agent
Applied earlier,
311
00:19:56,965 --> 00:20:00,310
The concrete slab
Easily dislodges from the mold.
312
00:20:00,413 --> 00:20:01,827
It's a heavy load.
313
00:20:01,931 --> 00:20:04,517
Each slab weighs 40,000 pounds.
314
00:20:07,034 --> 00:20:09,275
The crane sets it down
315
00:20:09,379 --> 00:20:12,551
And the team inspects the slab
For defects.
316
00:20:15,310 --> 00:20:18,172
Satisfied that the slab
Is free of flaws,
317
00:20:18,275 --> 00:20:20,620
A worker trims
The protruding steel tendons
318
00:20:20,724 --> 00:20:22,689
Flush to the concrete.
319
00:20:25,689 --> 00:20:28,448
Another worker
Spreads a concrete-like paste
320
00:20:28,551 --> 00:20:31,034
On the exposed ends
Of the severed steel
321
00:20:31,137 --> 00:20:33,206
To seal it from the elements.
322
00:20:38,689 --> 00:20:43,172
Then a worker glues rubber pads
To the bearing plates.
323
00:20:43,275 --> 00:20:44,448
They'll act as cushions
324
00:20:44,551 --> 00:20:47,000
When the slab sits
On another concrete beam.
325
00:20:47,103 --> 00:20:51,689
He wraps some tape around them
While the adhesive sets.
326
00:20:54,758 --> 00:20:59,620
This parking garage floor slab
Is now ready to join the rest.
327
00:20:59,724 --> 00:21:00,931
Side-by-side,
328
00:21:01,034 --> 00:21:04,103
The slabs will form
One large parking surface
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00:21:04,206 --> 00:21:06,827
To create even more spaces.
26788
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