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Narrator:
Today on "How it's made"...
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Amphibious vehicles...
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...Putters...
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00:00:37,965 --> 00:00:39,931
...Model ships...
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00:00:42,689 --> 00:00:45,586
...And drumheads.
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00:00:53,000 --> 00:00:54,931
A vehicle is amphibious
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When it travels on land
And water.
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This one's used mainly
By hunters and fishermen,
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00:00:59,482 --> 00:01:02,896
But also by utility companies
And the military.
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Wide, rugged tires easily trek
Through mud, snow, and bushes.
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When the vehicle's in the water,
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The tires' deep treads
Also function as paddles.
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This eight-wheel model
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Can carry six people on land
And four in the water.
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Buoyancy requires
A lighter load.
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They begin production by welding
8 steel sections together
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To make the driver's seat,
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00:01:28,413 --> 00:01:31,827
Then 12 other parts
For the vehicle's main frame.
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00:01:31,827 --> 00:01:35,206
This frame will later house
The seat, a gas tank,
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The battery, and a storage box.
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Next, a worker assembles
What's called the axle hub.
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A robotic press
Punches five bolts
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Through the components
To fuse them.
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This design
Keeps the hub lightweight
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And strengthens the axle
For driving on rough terrain.
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Next, a worker inserts
What's called the axle shaft
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Through the hub.
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A robotic welding machine
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Then fuses the shaft
To one side of the hub.
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After he flips it,
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The machine welds the shaft
To the hub's other side.
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This company uses a robot
For this important step
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Because it's faster
And more precise.
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Here, a worker reveals
Some of the vehicle's secrets
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To functioning in water.
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Each axle's bearing has
Rubber and steel collars
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Called flanges.
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They form a waterproof seal
Over the axle.
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The worker greases these flanges
To lubricate them
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And to keep dust and water
From infiltrating.
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He inserts one of 16 gaskets
Between the flanges.
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They're made of cork
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To keep moisture out
And grease from escaping.
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After adding another flange
And a gasket,
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He applies a liquid compound
To rustproof the steel shaft.
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Here, a computer-guided
Cutting tool
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Carves teeth on a steel ring
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To create one of the vehicle's
17 gears.
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00:03:02,655 --> 00:03:05,344
Lubricant cools the heat
This generates
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00:03:05,344 --> 00:03:08,068
So that the machine doesn't
Overheat and break down.
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When the cutting's complete,
Robotic arms remove the gear
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And replace it
With a new, unshaped ring.
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The gears range from
About the size of a coin
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To the size of a dinner plate.
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Here's how the shift lever
Changes the gears
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From neutral to low to high
And into reverse.
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And here's how the clutch
Will transfer power,
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Via a component called
The input shaft,
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Into the transmission.
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A worker hooks up
The transmission to the engine,
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00:03:38,275 --> 00:03:41,275
Then he slides two clutches
Onto the input shaft.
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He attaches each one
With a bolt and two washers,
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Then connects the engine
To the transmission
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With a rubber drive belt,
Encircling the clutches.
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Two brake calipers connect
The brake system
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To the transmission.
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Now he tests the drive belt,
Clutch system,
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Engine rotations, brakes,
And steering.
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The wheels don't turn.
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The driver steers the vehicle
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By slowing or braking
Either set of wheels
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And skidding to one side.
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To make the vehicle's
Lower body,
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They take a sheet
Of polyethylene,
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A heavy-duty plastic,
And heat it in an oven.
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After 4 1/2 minutes
At 450 degrees fahrenheit,
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The sheet emerges,
Softened by the heat.
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An aluminum mold drops down,
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And a vacuum-forming machine
Stretches the plastic around it,
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Sucking out the air
From between the two.
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After the plastic cools
For 4 1/2 minutes,
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The machine lifts the mold,
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Leaving a cavity about the size
Of a large bathtub.
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Two workers then move the lower
Body to an assembly line.
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They insert the vehicle's
Main frame, now painted black.
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Then, on the outside,
They mount four extensions
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That will carry the vehicle's
Two front and two rear axles.
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These will enable the axles
To withstand greater punishment.
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They install eight drive chains
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Onto sprockets
On the axle shafts,
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Then two more
Linking the transmission
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To the components
That propel the vehicle --
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What's called the drive system.
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A worker then attached an end
Plate to complete the link.
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Workers lower the 26-horsepower
Engine into the carriage
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And attach it with three bolts.
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Next, the polyethylene upper
Body, and then the wheels.
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They test the drive chains
For tension
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And sprockets for vibrations.
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The wheels are twice as wide
As most car wheels
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But 10 times softer,
To cushion the ride.
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On land, this $16,000 vehicle
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Travels up to 21 miles per hour.
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Top speed in the water
Is only 3 miles an hour.
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But, hey,
It's easier than swimming.
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Narrator: golf players
In 17th-century scotland
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Were the first
To hone their game
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By using differently shaped
Clubs for specific tasks.
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Today, you use
What's called a putter
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To gently roll the ball
Into the hole
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Using the fewest number
Of strokes.
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The club's high-tech,
Streamlined design
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Is crucial to any golfer's
Putting strategy.
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This company uses
A robotic tester
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To spot-check its putters
For quality.
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The club passes if the balls
Roll along a straight line
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Into the hole.
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00:06:31,724 --> 00:06:34,793
That means the putter's striking
With just the right impact.
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Production begins
With bars of aluminum,
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A metal that's lightweight
And easy to sculpt.
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A band saw slices them
Into 4 1/2-inch-long pieces.
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Each piece will become
A putter head,
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The part of the club
That hits the ball.
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00:06:49,275 --> 00:06:52,344
A computer-guided cutting tool
Sculpts the heads
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By shaving away
Up to a third of the aluminum.
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The machine first mills one side
Of the head into tiny steps.
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Another cutting tool
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Then shapes this area
Into a smooth curve.
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The process takes 10 minutes.
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00:07:08,586 --> 00:07:11,068
Then the four-sided
Platform revolves,
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00:07:11,068 --> 00:07:14,344
And the cutter begins working
On the next putter head.
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Another milling machine carves
Blocks of copper-nickel alloy
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Into what's called the insert.
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This part will fit into a cavity
In the putter head,
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Making the area that strikes
The ball firm yet resonant.
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It's why the golfer feels
The impact
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Reverberate through
The putter --
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00:07:32,724 --> 00:07:34,172
What's known as feedback.
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00:07:37,862 --> 00:07:40,517
This device performs
Random quality checks
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00:07:40,517 --> 00:07:43,206
Of the insert cavities
In the putter heads.
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A vise holds the head
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As the probe gauges the cavity's
Width and depth.
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Next, these chunks of copper
Go into a chemical bath
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With putter-head models
Made of different metals.
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The material from which
A putter head's made
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00:07:57,137 --> 00:08:00,172
Determines the weight
And feel of the club.
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00:08:00,172 --> 00:08:02,793
This 10-minute bath removes
Any contaminants
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From the surface of the metals
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And coats the heads in copper.
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00:08:06,551 --> 00:08:10,758
This ensures that the plating
They're going to get will stick.
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00:08:10,758 --> 00:08:14,103
After that, the heads are plated
In a different metal.
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This determines
How the club looks.
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00:08:16,448 --> 00:08:19,000
For this,
Chunks of mat-finished nickel
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00:08:19,000 --> 00:08:20,896
Go into a second chemical bath.
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00:08:20,896 --> 00:08:24,000
They'll provide one of this
Company's four finishes,
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00:08:24,000 --> 00:08:25,827
Ranging from mat to shiny.
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During this 15-minute step,
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A mechanical arm
Occasionally shifts the rack
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To disperse the chemicals
And thoroughly plate the heads.
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To fit the insert,
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A worker first positions
The head in a vise.
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He applies four drops
Of epoxy glue
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Inside the rim
Of the insert cavity.
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This provides
Additional bonding
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Once they force the inset
All the way in.
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After placing the insert
In the cavity by hand,
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00:09:09,586 --> 00:09:14,034
A worker uses a press
To force it inside.
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00:09:14,034 --> 00:09:17,275
They cover the press with paper
So it won't scratch the insert,
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00:09:17,275 --> 00:09:20,275
Which must be flush
With the surface of the head.
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00:09:26,620 --> 00:09:29,620
Any air under the insert escapes
Through a hole underneath,
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Where they'll insert
The club shaft.
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00:09:33,482 --> 00:09:36,000
A worker first applies glue
Inside the hole,
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Then he inserts the shaft
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00:09:37,413 --> 00:09:40,034
And secures it to a template
With rubber bands.
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The shaft is made
Of stainless steel.
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They usually come
In standard lengths
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Of 33, 34, and 35 inches.
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00:09:48,241 --> 00:09:51,827
They're set at the angle most
Players prefer -- 18 degrees.
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00:09:51,827 --> 00:09:54,172
The next step is
To mount a handgrip
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At the top of the shaft.
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00:09:55,655 --> 00:09:58,655
First, a worker wraps the top
In double-sided tape.
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Then he pours water
Over the tape
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00:10:00,758 --> 00:10:02,931
To dilute the glue
On its surface.
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00:10:02,931 --> 00:10:05,931
This will enable the grip
To slide on more easily.
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00:10:05,931 --> 00:10:08,379
He pours water
Inside the grip, as well.
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00:10:08,379 --> 00:10:10,000
The grip is a rubber sleeve
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That's just under
10 inches long.
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Once lubricated,
It shimmies over the shaft
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For a snug fit that lasts
Up to three years.
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00:10:18,068 --> 00:10:21,482
He lines up the flat part
Of the grip at a 90-degree angle
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00:10:21,482 --> 00:10:23,896
With the flat part
Of the putter head.
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00:10:23,896 --> 00:10:26,586
This helps the player
Strike the ball properly.
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00:10:28,310 --> 00:10:31,655
Next, a worker colors
The club's engraved logo.
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00:10:31,655 --> 00:10:35,896
Using a tiny nozzle, she applies
Minute amounts of epoxy paint
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Inside the groves of the design.
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00:10:38,137 --> 00:10:40,724
She controls the amount of paint
With a foot pedal
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That released pressurized air
Into the nozzle.
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This company makes putter heads
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In some fairly luxurious
Materials,
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00:10:48,586 --> 00:10:50,344
Including beryllium copper.
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00:10:50,344 --> 00:10:53,724
That's one for players wanting
A club with a softer feel
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00:10:53,724 --> 00:10:57,655
And who don't mind paying
Up to $500 to get it.
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00:11:07,413 --> 00:11:10,103
Narrator: model ships are made
For naval gazing.
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00:11:10,103 --> 00:11:12,000
They're representations
Of real ships.
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00:11:12,000 --> 00:11:14,655
Some are built
Meticulously to scale
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With extreme attention
To detail
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And are truly museum pieces.
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00:11:18,310 --> 00:11:21,586
You can buy model ships
Preassembled or in kits.
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00:11:21,586 --> 00:11:22,827
But be careful.
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These are truly delicate
Works of art.
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00:11:30,758 --> 00:11:34,689
The portlandsteamer
Sank in the atlantic in 1898,
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All lives lost.
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00:11:36,275 --> 00:11:39,620
But its image survives
In models.
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To make a model
Like the portland,
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The worker selects some wooden
Pieces from a stock room.
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00:11:44,965 --> 00:11:47,793
Model ships are actually made
Of thousands of parts,
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00:11:47,793 --> 00:11:49,275
Big and small.
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00:11:49,275 --> 00:11:53,793
These are just a few,
And some are to be cut down.
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00:11:53,793 --> 00:11:55,620
A computer guides a laser beam
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00:11:55,620 --> 00:11:59,241
As it carves the larger, flat
Pieces of wood into many parts.
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00:11:59,241 --> 00:12:02,310
They'll be components
For the ship's deckhouse.
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00:12:06,206 --> 00:12:09,103
Next, a worker shapes a hull,
Or main body,
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00:12:09,103 --> 00:12:12,103
Using a machine called
A duplicating carver.
224
00:12:12,103 --> 00:12:15,103
Holding the machine's stylus
On the left,
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00:12:15,103 --> 00:12:17,896
He traces around a master shape.
226
00:12:17,896 --> 00:12:20,586
This motion guides two routers
On the right
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00:12:20,586 --> 00:12:22,689
As they chisel into basswood,
228
00:12:22,689 --> 00:12:25,172
Making exact copies
Of the master hull.
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00:12:30,827 --> 00:12:32,206
To make resin parts,
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00:12:32,206 --> 00:12:35,068
They mix polyurethane
With some plasticizer
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00:12:35,068 --> 00:12:37,103
And pour it into a mold.
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00:12:37,103 --> 00:12:39,620
A chemical reaction
Causes it to harden.
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00:12:39,620 --> 00:12:41,344
This take up to a half-hour,
234
00:12:41,344 --> 00:12:44,862
And then they pull a newly
Shaped lifeboat out of the mold.
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00:12:48,724 --> 00:12:52,206
Next, a worker cleans up
Another mold.
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00:12:52,206 --> 00:12:55,586
It's to be used to shape
Cast-metal anchors.
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00:12:57,689 --> 00:13:00,241
He places the mold
In a centrifuge
238
00:13:00,241 --> 00:13:04,379
And pours a melted mix of tin,
Antimony, and copper into it.
239
00:13:04,379 --> 00:13:07,517
The centrifuge spins,
And this causes the metal
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00:13:07,517 --> 00:13:10,586
To fill the cavities in the mold
And solidify.
241
00:13:10,586 --> 00:13:13,551
He opens the mold
And finds the anchors
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00:13:13,551 --> 00:13:15,620
Formed like spokes
Around the hub.
243
00:13:19,344 --> 00:13:22,344
It's anchors away
As he snips them free.
244
00:13:24,379 --> 00:13:27,172
Now a worker sands smooth
The bottom of the hull.
245
00:13:29,137 --> 00:13:33,482
Then he positions the first
Of the ship's five decks.
246
00:13:33,482 --> 00:13:36,620
He glues wooden spacers
Between the decks.
247
00:13:40,931 --> 00:13:43,758
A special glue that dries
In about 10 seconds
248
00:13:43,758 --> 00:13:46,862
Allows him to work quickly
As he builds the tiers.
249
00:13:50,241 --> 00:13:53,413
Next, he submerges a deckhouse
Sidepiece in water
250
00:13:53,413 --> 00:13:55,034
To soften the wood.
251
00:13:55,034 --> 00:13:57,206
He cuts the little tabs
252
00:13:57,206 --> 00:14:01,172
To free other deckhouse parts
From a matrix.
253
00:14:01,172 --> 00:14:05,344
After that, he carves out
The center of two of the pieces.
254
00:14:05,344 --> 00:14:07,551
Then he glues a block
Between them
255
00:14:07,551 --> 00:14:09,793
And applies more glue
To the edges.
256
00:14:09,793 --> 00:14:11,551
He bends the deckhouse side,
257
00:14:11,551 --> 00:14:14,689
Which is now wet and supple,
Around the structure.
258
00:14:14,689 --> 00:14:17,827
The moisture causes
A chemical reaction in the glue
259
00:14:17,827 --> 00:14:19,448
Which strengthens it.
260
00:14:19,448 --> 00:14:23,965
After he positions
The deckhouse starboard side,
261
00:14:23,965 --> 00:14:26,000
He sticks a strip
Of clear acetate
262
00:14:26,000 --> 00:14:28,241
To the back
Of a band of windows.
263
00:14:28,241 --> 00:14:30,724
The acetate simulates glass.
264
00:14:33,172 --> 00:14:36,827
He paints the front
Of the windowed wall white
265
00:14:36,827 --> 00:14:38,482
And then turns it around
266
00:14:38,482 --> 00:14:42,103
To paint red curtains
On the acetate.
267
00:14:42,103 --> 00:14:46,344
Other detailing has been
Laser-etched into the wood.
268
00:14:46,344 --> 00:14:49,793
He glues the wall of windows
Between deck tiers,
269
00:14:49,793 --> 00:14:53,931
And the look is authentic.
270
00:14:53,931 --> 00:14:56,517
He positions paddle wheels
On each side.
271
00:14:56,517 --> 00:14:58,793
These have 57 wood paddles
272
00:14:58,793 --> 00:15:01,000
Held in place by brass radials.
273
00:15:03,689 --> 00:15:07,482
Remember the anchors cast
In the centrifuge mold earlier?
274
00:15:07,482 --> 00:15:10,827
He now positions some
On the ship deck.
275
00:15:10,827 --> 00:15:13,103
Then he prepares the lifeboats.
276
00:15:13,103 --> 00:15:15,862
The larger plastic one
Goes on the upper deck.
277
00:15:17,758 --> 00:15:20,896
This golden eagle
Is the finishing touch.
278
00:15:23,620 --> 00:15:28,068
Here, another worker rigs up
A four-masted schooner.
279
00:15:28,068 --> 00:15:30,068
Using surgical clamps,
280
00:15:30,068 --> 00:15:33,344
He pins the ropes down
So they don't get in the way.
281
00:15:33,344 --> 00:15:35,758
Then he measures
A piece of decking
282
00:15:35,758 --> 00:15:38,000
To make the top
Of the deckhouse.
283
00:15:38,000 --> 00:15:41,241
He glues it to a base...
284
00:15:41,241 --> 00:15:43,896
And then positions it
On the ship.
285
00:15:48,103 --> 00:15:50,793
Next, a jeweler's lathe
Spins a piece of brass
286
00:15:50,793 --> 00:15:52,862
As a worker
Manipulates a cutter,
287
00:15:52,862 --> 00:15:54,965
Milling parts
For the ship's bell.
288
00:15:56,965 --> 00:15:58,517
Once it's mounted,
289
00:15:58,517 --> 00:16:01,965
This ship model is ready
For everyone to admire.
290
00:16:15,034 --> 00:16:17,931
Narrator: a drum's playing
Surface is called the drumhead.
291
00:16:17,931 --> 00:16:20,965
It's the part of the instrument
That vibrates, creating sound.
292
00:16:20,965 --> 00:16:22,448
Some drumheads are still made
293
00:16:22,448 --> 00:16:24,517
The traditional way,
From animal skin.
294
00:16:24,517 --> 00:16:26,551
But a natural skin is
Very susceptible
295
00:16:26,551 --> 00:16:28,517
To temperature
And humidity changes,
296
00:16:28,517 --> 00:16:31,310
So most drummers today
Prefer heads
297
00:16:31,310 --> 00:16:33,724
Made of modern,
Synthetic materials.
298
00:16:41,241 --> 00:16:44,275
The drumhead surface is
Often called the skin
299
00:16:44,275 --> 00:16:47,068
Because, traditionally,
It was made of calfskin.
300
00:16:47,068 --> 00:16:50,379
This synthetic skin is
A flexible plastic film
301
00:16:50,379 --> 00:16:52,620
Called polyethylene
Terephthalate,
302
00:16:52,620 --> 00:16:54,551
The same polyester-based plastic
303
00:16:54,551 --> 00:16:56,862
They use to make
Soft-drink bottles.
304
00:16:56,862 --> 00:17:00,103
Workers load several sheets
Of it into a press
305
00:17:00,103 --> 00:17:04,137
That applies 75 tons of force
Onto sharp, circle-shaped dies,
306
00:17:04,137 --> 00:17:07,172
Pushing them upward
Through the film sheets.
307
00:17:07,172 --> 00:17:10,000
The die-cut film circles
Become the skins.
308
00:17:12,551 --> 00:17:16,172
A skin could be made up
Of just one film circle
309
00:17:16,172 --> 00:17:18,241
Or several taped together.
310
00:17:18,241 --> 00:17:20,793
Workers assemble the layers
Using a vacuum turntable.
311
00:17:20,793 --> 00:17:23,551
The suction keeps
The bottom film steady
312
00:17:23,551 --> 00:17:26,206
While they apply tape
To its outside edge
313
00:17:26,206 --> 00:17:28,620
And then adhere
Another film on top.
314
00:17:28,620 --> 00:17:31,206
Each layer is called a ply.
315
00:17:31,206 --> 00:17:32,793
The more plies a skin has,
316
00:17:32,793 --> 00:17:35,310
The more bass frequencies
It'll produce.
317
00:17:35,310 --> 00:17:39,206
Now the skins go onto
A computer-guided drill press.
318
00:17:39,206 --> 00:17:42,344
The machine drills tiny holes
All along their perimeter,
319
00:17:42,344 --> 00:17:44,206
About 1/8 of an inch in.
320
00:17:57,034 --> 00:17:59,310
The holes are roughly
The size of a nailhead.
321
00:17:59,310 --> 00:18:02,241
They're spaced
About 1/4 inch apart.
322
00:18:04,241 --> 00:18:07,586
The next machine heats the edge
Of each film to soften it,
323
00:18:07,586 --> 00:18:10,137
Then applies pressure
To mold it to shape.
324
00:18:10,137 --> 00:18:12,724
The skin comes out
With a fluted edge,
325
00:18:12,724 --> 00:18:14,655
Like what you see
On a paper cup.
326
00:18:14,655 --> 00:18:17,517
This shape keeps
The tension even
327
00:18:17,517 --> 00:18:20,275
When the musician tightens
The skin to tune the drum.
328
00:18:22,241 --> 00:18:24,275
Meanwhile,
This roll-forming machine
329
00:18:24,275 --> 00:18:26,206
Uses a series
Of pressure rollers
330
00:18:26,206 --> 00:18:29,965
To gradually shape
An aluminum strip into a hoop.
331
00:18:29,965 --> 00:18:32,862
The hoop will hold the skin
Tightly over the drum's body,
332
00:18:32,862 --> 00:18:34,655
Called the drum shell,
333
00:18:34,655 --> 00:18:37,586
Creating the tension you need
To produce sound.
334
00:18:37,586 --> 00:18:40,551
This machine
Also imprints tiny dimples
335
00:18:40,551 --> 00:18:42,413
Onto one side of the strip.
336
00:18:42,413 --> 00:18:45,862
When the factory later glues
Together the skin and hoop,
337
00:18:45,862 --> 00:18:49,172
This rough texture
Will improve the bond.
338
00:18:49,172 --> 00:18:52,206
Now the machine folds the edges
Of the strip inward
339
00:18:52,206 --> 00:18:54,551
To create a channel
On the inside of the hoop.
340
00:18:54,551 --> 00:18:56,620
That's where the glue will go.
341
00:19:00,241 --> 00:19:03,034
Once the machine finishes
Forming the hoop,
342
00:19:03,034 --> 00:19:06,103
A small, built-in circular saw
Cuts the end.
343
00:19:09,172 --> 00:19:13,275
A worker then loads each hoop
Onto a rotation soldering jig,
344
00:19:13,275 --> 00:19:15,586
Positioning the ends together.
345
00:19:15,586 --> 00:19:18,724
The rest is all automated.
346
00:19:18,724 --> 00:19:23,310
A glob of silver solder
On the joint...
347
00:19:23,310 --> 00:19:27,448
Then natural-gas torches
Fuse the hoop closed.
348
00:19:37,655 --> 00:19:42,103
After water cools off
The hot metal...
349
00:19:42,103 --> 00:19:45,310
The jig ejects
The finished hoop.
350
00:19:47,931 --> 00:19:51,137
Drumhead hoops can be
As small as 6 inches
351
00:19:51,137 --> 00:19:55,034
Or as large as 40 inches
In diameter.
352
00:19:55,034 --> 00:19:58,103
Finally, it's time to fit
The skin into the hoop.
353
00:19:58,103 --> 00:19:59,965
This is the tricky part,
354
00:19:59,965 --> 00:20:03,689
Because the film must be
Perfectly level and centered.
355
00:20:03,689 --> 00:20:06,275
Otherwise, when you tighten
The skin to tune the drum,
356
00:20:06,275 --> 00:20:08,482
The short side would tighten
Before the rest,
357
00:20:08,482 --> 00:20:12,137
And that uneven tension
Would throw the tuning off.
358
00:20:12,137 --> 00:20:15,103
So they do this
Critical assembly step
359
00:20:15,103 --> 00:20:16,620
On a specially designed table,
360
00:20:16,620 --> 00:20:18,724
Placing the skins
On circular vacuum fixtures
361
00:20:18,724 --> 00:20:21,896
That are perfectly level.
362
00:20:21,896 --> 00:20:23,896
As suction holds
Each one steady,
363
00:20:23,896 --> 00:20:26,379
A robotic arm runs glue
In the hoop's channel
364
00:20:26,379 --> 00:20:28,689
All the way around.
365
00:20:28,689 --> 00:20:30,137
The glue drains downward
366
00:20:30,137 --> 00:20:33,000
Through the tiny holes
Along the skin's perimeter,
367
00:20:33,000 --> 00:20:37,172
Then dries, anchoring the skin
Securely in the hoop.
368
00:20:37,172 --> 00:20:40,172
Some drumheads go on
To get a textured coating.
369
00:20:40,172 --> 00:20:41,482
By adding weight,
370
00:20:41,482 --> 00:20:44,275
The coating muffles
The higher sound frequencies,
371
00:20:44,275 --> 00:20:46,103
Enhancing the lower ones.
372
00:20:46,103 --> 00:20:48,896
This produces
A warmer, deeper tone.
373
00:20:48,896 --> 00:20:51,724
It also produces
That swooshing sound
374
00:20:51,724 --> 00:20:55,724
When jazz drummers
Play softly with brushes.
375
00:20:55,724 --> 00:20:57,275
Once the coating dries,
376
00:20:57,275 --> 00:21:00,482
A pad-printing machine
Stamps on the company name.
377
00:21:00,482 --> 00:21:04,068
Only about 30% of drumheads
On the market are coated.
378
00:21:04,068 --> 00:21:06,689
The rest are what's known
As clear heads.
379
00:21:06,689 --> 00:21:09,655
And that's
How drumheads are made.
380
00:21:09,655 --> 00:21:12,655
--captions by vitac--
Www.Vitac.Com
381
00:21:12,655 --> 00:21:15,655
Captions paid for by
Discovery communications, inc.
382
00:21:18,206 --> 00:21:20,448
If you have any comments
About the show,
383
00:21:20,448 --> 00:21:23,206
Or if you'd like to suggest
Topics for future shows,
384
00:21:23,206 --> 00:21:24,793
Drop us a line at...
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