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We live on the most diverse
planet in the solar system.
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Its vast richness is revealed
when we explore the variety...
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...of our world's landscapes.
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This is an adventure of discovery...
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...to seven of the planet's
most dramatic landscapes...
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...and natural wonders.
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Perhaps these are the greastest places.
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Some five billion years ago,
our solar system took form.
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More than 200 million years ago.
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Earth's supercontinent,
Pangaea, began to separate.
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New coastlines, continents,
islands and mountain ranges...
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...were formed in massive upheaval.
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The greatest places began to take shape.
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Greenland became
the largest island in the world.
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Africa became a separate continent.
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The Okavango Delta and the Namib
Desert Regions were formed.
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Severed from Africa,
South America was carved in part...
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...by the rivers Amazon and Iguazu.
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India collided with Asia...
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...uplifting the great plateau of Tibet.
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Madagascar separated from Africa...
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...and became an island...
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...one of the greatest places.
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Set adrift by the forces of geology.
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Madagascar became a time capsule...
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...where, for 40 million years,
life evolved in isolation.
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This island ark carries life
found nowhere else...
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Living treasures of place...
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...and time.
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This is the kingdom of the lemur.
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Madagascar is the only place
on earth where lemurs are found.
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On the mainland, the lemur's
ancestors were out-competed...
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...by later-evolving monkeys.
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But left alone on Madagascar,
these ancient primates thrived.
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Here grow the most species
of the upside-down tree...
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Looking like its roots are in the air...
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...the baobab.
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This giant lives for a thousand years...
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...on the island where nearly two-thirds...
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...of the world's species
of chameleons stalk their prey.
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Of all the world's islands.
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Madagascar has the most native species.
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Here, where a cactus may grow
as tall as a tree...
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...the ring-tailed lemur has
adapted from forest leaf eater...
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...to connoisseur of cactus.
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Millions of years of rain and wind...
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...have exposed limestone pinnacles...
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...silent reminders of the forces
that shaped Madagascar...
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...from the time it was torn
from the bedrock of Africa.
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Madagascar's isolation...
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...allowed the lemurs
to flourish and to diversify.
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Numerous species exist,
including the black lemur...
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...whose males are jet black.
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But the females of the species
are rusty brown.
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And the ring-tailed lemur,
the most social.
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And the shifak,
called the ghost of the forest.
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It's one of the few lemurs...
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...that sometimes comes down
from the trees.
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With a tongue as long as its
body, the chameleon dines.
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The island ark of Madagascar...
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00:07:51,635 --> 00:07:54,468
...one of the greatest places.
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Where India and Asia collided...
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00:08:09,687 --> 00:08:15,091
...the world's tallest mountains,
the Himalayas...
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...were uplifted with the highest
plateau in the world, Tibet.
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As large as Western Europe...
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...the plateau is higher
than the tallest peaks...
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...of the Rocky Mountains.
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Yet people have lived
for thousands of years here...
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...in the place they call the Chong-Tong...
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...the Lonely Place.
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The Buddhists of Tibet
believe in the sacred connection...
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...between people and the world of nature.
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Prayers are written on flags...
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...to be carried by the mountain wind.
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Living as nomads,
people conserve the land...
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...by constantly moving to feed
their yaks, sheep and goats.
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Their very survival is closely
bound to their animals.
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People trade for barley...
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...but their lives are sustained by the yak.
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The yak carries all their belongings...
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...and gives milk,
butter and meat...
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...almost everything they need...
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...to survive.
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In the land where temperatures can drop...
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...80 degrees Fahrenheit in one day...
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...yak hides even provide wool and shelter.
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For an endangered people...
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...who are among the last of the nomads...
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...their shelter means survival and home.
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Their prayers are written
inside prayer wheels...
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...to spin to the heavens.
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As part of their connection
to the land and their religion...
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...pilgrims travel hundreds of miles...
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...in walking meditation
to monasteries and holy sites.
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Some lakes in Tibet are considered holy...
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...and are headwaters to
Asian rivers that irrigate land...
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...to feed a quarter of humanity.
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Many pilgrimages end
at great monasteries...
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...monasteries that serve
as centers of learning.
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As an act of devotion.
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Tibetans walk around holy sites
as faithfully...
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...as the earth moves around the sun.
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All people are linked to the place they live...
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...through their culture...
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00:13:27,004 --> 00:13:31,008
...but for all of us everywhere,
the natural landscape...
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00:13:31,108 --> 00:13:34,407
...is what sustains the dance of life.
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Tibet,
the world's highest plaeau.
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Across the world...
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...flows one of the Earth's
most powerful features...
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...the river...
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...and the greatest river
of all is the Amazon.
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It crosses more than two-thirds
of the South American continent...
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...and is joined by a thousand other rivers...
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...as it brings a way of life
to the people of the river.
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Rivers everywhere are arteries of life...
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...for great cities as well as small villages...
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...bringing food, water to drink
and to grow crops...
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...and for transportation.
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00:15:44,541 --> 00:15:47,244
The Amazon River Basin
is a vast landscape...
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...of river and forest...
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...almost as large as
the continental United States...
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...encompassing nine nations.
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People here follow
the ebb and flow of the river...
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...learned in the journey of a lifetime.
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00:16:32,789 --> 00:16:36,627
In the Amazon, people are
only one of millions of species...
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...linked to the greatest watershed on Earth.
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Beetles the size of a person's fist...
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...miniature geckos...
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00:16:52,509 --> 00:16:54,804
...venomous caterpillars...
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...and spiders that walk on water.
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00:17:02,586 --> 00:17:06,089
Located within a few degrees
latitude of the equator...
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...the Amazon basin receives
nearly direct sun all year.
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Heat from the morning sun
evaporates moisture...
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...and causes humid air to rise.
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00:17:21,571 --> 00:17:25,166
By late morning,
it condenses into clouds.
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Cloud droplets gather mass
and then fall as rain.
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00:17:54,971 --> 00:17:59,221
The daily rhythm of the rain
replenishes the river.
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Moving with the currents
are floating meadows...
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00:18:22,732 --> 00:18:25,402
...a seasonal mass of plants and debris...
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...islands of life.
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00:18:32,709 --> 00:18:35,345
Some meadows become
part of the landscape...
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...and support even trees...
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...and the most colouful life
in this lush environment.
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Where the powerful river
exposes clay banks...
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00:19:09,713 --> 00:19:13,113
...macaws and parrots fly in for a meal.
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00:19:20,290 --> 00:19:24,361
They eat the clay as an antidote
to toxic seeds in their diet...
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00:19:24,461 --> 00:19:27,861
...and for its life-sustaining minerals.
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00:19:42,812 --> 00:19:45,515
Great rivers flow across the planet...
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...and the Amazon is the greatest.
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Rivers everywhere meet
disruptions to their flow.
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00:19:59,896 --> 00:20:04,826
When they flow across a boundary
of hard and softer rock...
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00:20:05,435 --> 00:20:08,427
...there can be great disruptions.
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00:20:41,171 --> 00:20:44,826
The world's greatest waterfall is Iguazu...
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...four times wider than Niagara.
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South of the Amazon basin...
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...at the border of Brazil and Argentina.
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Lava once flowed from ancient volcanoes.
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When the hard lava ends,
less-resistant rock has eroded.
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00:21:03,193 --> 00:21:10,292
Here, the Iguazu River plunges
into more than 200 waterfalls.
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00:21:33,056 --> 00:21:36,321
Along the southwest coast of Africa...
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00:21:36,459 --> 00:21:39,724
...the Namib is a desert in motion.
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Across this 80 million-year-old desert...
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00:22:09,993 --> 00:22:10,961
...prevailing winds build...
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00:22:11,061 --> 00:22:14,394
...the earth's tallest sand dunes...
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...dunes over a thousand feet tall...
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...that migrate a grain of sand at a time.
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Of all the deserts...
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00:22:44,394 --> 00:22:48,644
...the Namib contains
the greatest variety of life:
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00:22:50,033 --> 00:22:52,569
Beetles that collect
moisture on their backs...
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...at the top of the dunes.
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Adders that store water
between their scales.
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And venomous scorpions.
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00:23:24,634 --> 00:23:27,170
The Namib is even graced
with large mammals...
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...like the gemsbok.
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Everywhere on earth...
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...the interaction
of the same basic elements...
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Land, air, water and life...
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...has created landscapes
of dramatic diversity.
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00:23:53,997 --> 00:23:57,434
The Namib is one of the world's
five west coast deserts...
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...that stretch to a cold sea.
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As warm wind passes over
cold water, fog forms...
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00:24:10,079 --> 00:24:14,924
...bringing life-giving moisture
that never falls as rain.
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00:24:17,253 --> 00:24:21,587
But the fog of Namib also brings death...
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00:24:25,028 --> 00:24:29,788
...scattering bones along
the treacherous Skeleton Coast.
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00:24:35,605 --> 00:24:38,241
A cold southern current from Antarctica...
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00:24:38,341 --> 00:24:41,945
...and the warmer Atlantic Ocean
mix to create a fertile sea...
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00:24:42,045 --> 00:24:45,105
...and bring abundant life.
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00:24:56,092 --> 00:25:00,188
At this ocean oasis,
fur seals feed all year...
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00:25:00,330 --> 00:25:03,400
...and warm themselves
from the frigid water...
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00:25:03,500 --> 00:25:06,765
...at the edge of the hot desert.
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00:25:30,126 --> 00:25:31,661
The Namib...
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00:25:31,761 --> 00:25:35,993
...desert of the great dunes.
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00:25:47,210 --> 00:25:50,547
At the Arctic Circle,
the largest island in the world...
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00:25:50,647 --> 00:25:54,642
...lies covered by
a permanent landscape of ice.
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00:25:59,355 --> 00:26:02,826
Beneath the enormous weight
of the Greenland ice cap...
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00:26:02,926 --> 00:26:07,686
...the world's oldest landscape
has sunk below sea level.
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00:26:10,433 --> 00:26:14,597
At the sea,
glaciers calve into icebergs...
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00:26:16,372 --> 00:26:17,540
...floating mountains of ice...
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00:26:17,640 --> 00:26:23,080
...that are five times more massive
under water than above water.
200
00:26:56,813 --> 00:27:00,772
Only the narrow ice-free coast supports life.
201
00:27:05,555 --> 00:27:10,126
Here, the musk ox is cloaked in
one of nature's warmest coats...
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00:27:10,226 --> 00:27:12,660
...even in summer's bloom.
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00:27:29,312 --> 00:27:32,715
Greenland's storyteller,
the drum dancer...
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00:27:32,815 --> 00:27:34,684
...celdbrates the thousands of years...
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00:27:34,784 --> 00:27:38,269
...people have survived at this icy edge.
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00:27:51,634 --> 00:27:56,333
This is life near the coldest
limit of human existence.
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00:27:59,175 --> 00:28:03,146
Survival here is dependent on
people inventing what they need...
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00:28:03,246 --> 00:28:07,444
...like the harpoon, the dogsled
and the kayak.
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00:28:41,718 --> 00:28:44,438
Even at 40 degrees below zero...
210
00:28:44,513 --> 00:28:47,573
...people have successfully adapted.
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00:28:54,497 --> 00:28:59,764
Greenland a cold extreme
of earth's diversity.
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00:29:32,702 --> 00:29:35,671
In Botswana, southern Africa...
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00:29:35,805 --> 00:29:40,902
...the Okavango River Delta
is Africa's greatest oasis.
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00:30:10,373 --> 00:30:12,909
Flowing from the north,
the Okavango River...
215
00:30:13,009 --> 00:30:16,512
...has carried millions of tons
of sand and debris...
216
00:30:16,612 --> 00:30:19,048
...to create one of the largest
inland river deltas...
217
00:30:19,148 --> 00:30:21,148
...in the world.
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00:30:22,351 --> 00:30:25,912
It forms a maze of land and water.
219
00:30:33,396 --> 00:30:36,957
This river never flows to the sea.
220
00:30:38,935 --> 00:30:42,638
Instead, it spreads
across the Kalahari Desert...
221
00:30:42,738 --> 00:30:45,730
...and the desert blooms with life.
222
00:31:32,021 --> 00:31:35,057
This massive, landlocked river delta...
223
00:31:35,157 --> 00:31:37,894
...depends on water
hundreds of miles away...
224
00:31:37,994 --> 00:31:43,455
...that travels half the year
to reach the dry, lower delta.
225
00:31:43,599 --> 00:31:47,831
Everywhere, water restores life.
226
00:32:29,545 --> 00:32:32,173
In this Eden of Okavango...
227
00:32:32,315 --> 00:32:33,716
...as in all places...
228
00:32:33,816 --> 00:32:37,486
...diversity of life is linked
to the land, air and water...
229
00:32:37,586 --> 00:32:40,489
...and the patterns of landscape they form.
230
00:32:40,589 --> 00:32:43,956
Every thing is interrelated.
231
00:32:53,736 --> 00:32:58,708
Even the wild dogs of Okavango
are linked together from birth.
232
00:32:58,808 --> 00:33:02,778
Only one male and female mate
to produce a litter of pups...
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00:33:02,878 --> 00:33:05,676
...the entire pack will raise.
234
00:33:18,561 --> 00:33:23,498
In dynamic equilibrium,
one generation follows another.
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00:33:28,204 --> 00:33:30,773
In the Okavango, and everywhere...
236
00:33:30,873 --> 00:33:35,803
...the procession of life is
a reflection of the landscape.
237
00:34:20,456 --> 00:34:24,360
Only on this planet have
elemental processes combined...
238
00:34:24,460 --> 00:34:29,532
...to create so many great places,
inanimate features of land...
239
00:34:29,632 --> 00:34:33,432
...which make possible the drama of life.
240
00:35:44,306 --> 00:35:47,610
In the unending partnership
of predator and prey...
241
00:35:47,710 --> 00:35:51,510
...one life gives way to many others.
242
00:36:11,667 --> 00:36:15,899
Here, in the cradle of Africa,
and everywhere...
243
00:36:16,038 --> 00:36:18,374
...we are both witness and participant...
244
00:36:18,474 --> 00:36:20,743
...in the Earth's most intricate patterns...
245
00:36:20,843 --> 00:36:23,311
...of the land and life.
246
00:36:25,247 --> 00:36:30,262
This rich variety of landscapes
is found only on one planet.
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00:36:32,621 --> 00:36:34,990
To explore these greatest places...
248
00:36:35,090 --> 00:36:38,321
...is to recognize our common bond...
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00:36:40,162 --> 00:36:44,690
...that we share a miraculous home...
250
00:36:46,135 --> 00:36:50,300
...the most diverse planet
in the solar system...
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00:36:51,407 --> 00:36:55,400
...perhaps the most diverse in the universe.
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00:36:58,414 --> 00:37:00,116
Earth...
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00:37:00,216 --> 00:37:03,652
...the greatest place of all.
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