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Hello everyone,

in this lecture, we will talk about reference research,

which is the most important task

in character production

Also, I will be talking about a simple tool setup required for

sketching based on the reference,

as well as my tip on this procedure

The process of collecting references

is more important than drawing a stylish character

, using a fancy technique

or using a fancy technique

to create a more complete concept

with the drawing

As I mentioned in the previous lecture,

skills and great techniques

are not very helpful

towards creating an original,

unique

, and persuasive

design

Please remember that

the role of these

is just to make the design stand out

from a commercial perspective

Reference work process,

for instance,

can be thought as if

a detective is collecting

tenacious and logical

ingredients, and so on in order to

solve the problem

When starting the ideas

for a certain character design,

you give shape to the character’s clothes, face,

head shape, etc., in your mind

Then all these design elements

for the character change

with precise reason and

purpose

For example,

the first could be the environment

This refers to

periodic circumstances,

age of the character,

height, size,

personality, habits,

the character’s title

, occupation,

physical state,

and etc

These respond to and are affected by

various reasons and purposes

Also all these elements

are affected by each other

to create systematic connections

The process of collecting references

is the work of collecting data

, which allows visual establishment of

these connections

Now, when seeking for the

reference image,

two reference groups are required

The first is mood, meaning

reference that allows understanding of

the emotions felt when looking at the character

The second is

detail, meaning

references that help with

the design elements of the

character

Simply put, these are

mood board and image board

Mood board can also be

referred to as

inspirational board

This is essentially

the character, or

the first feeling

, and an impression created

when thinking

about the character

For example,

whether the feeling is cold,

dark, or bright,

or look for certain image inspirations

that symbolically arise

from this character

Also, another important

thing when collecting references

is the work of creating a format in which

all the references can be viewed at once

, and an environment where

various visual ideas

can be instantly

implemented

I will briefly show you how

I am composing and using

board images on Photoshop

Although this may differ depending on the artist,

when I collect and view references,

I compile all the references

in one file image board

to view them at the same time,

so that when I open the file

I can look at all the images at the same time

With this in place,

I proceed with my work

These boards are closer to

image boards

On the other hand,

mood boards look more like this

Since there is no explanation on

what character I am

creating, and what production process

is going to be followed,

this feels more like an image board

Image board is,

as I have mentioned earlier,

shape focused

This means that it holds

all the images

required for me to add

a more realistic detail

to the character

that I wish to draw

Also, this reference work should,

if possible

and not restricted by time,

be maximized

If I am drawing the concept

for 2 or 3 days,

think about spending at least a day

on searching for references

In particular, if you happen to

work with historical research or

implementing a realistic shape

to create the product, it is important to use references

rather than images drawn from your imagination

for each scene This means that

for particular textures,

feelings,

color of objects,

shape structures, sensations of

various scenes, etc.

should be made with

references already materialized

in the form of

images

Therefore, if you receive a request

for a realistic character concept,

do not just draw with your head

This is a philosophy of mine

that I always remind myself

Also, once you establish

such a reference,

which you can view in one glance,

when you are talking about this character

with clients or directors,

this helps you

discuss and decide

specific character

compositions and feelings in a more direct

and objective manner

Now, I will talk about

a tool I use most often to

collect references

whenever I want to

create something,

although there are many tools for images,

I mainly use two tools,

which are namely

Snagit

and PureRef

The Snagit program

looks like this

This is the Snagit tool

Also,

the PureRef

program looks like this

I use these a lot

when I compile,

collect, and capture references

Let me first explain

about the Snagit program

This is one of the programs that I used the most

before I started using PureRef,

here is the Snagit tool

For this tool,

the advantage is that

you can use this capture button

to immediately

call the image and video

in the app on

the snapshot Photoshop in this way

For example,

if you searched

something on Google

and you were able to find an image,

when you click the image

and when you want a specific

detail on the image,

you can click the capture button

, and on display,

the target line on the screen will appear

Now, on the image,

you can select the part

that you wish to use,

and then

capture it

to directly bring it

into the Photoshop

Just like this

Also, an advantage of Snagit

is that

it can snap all the references and bring

moving animations, etc

without any screen limitations

by snapping like this

Now,

if I were to talk about

the disadvantage of Snagit,

Snagit has

a very high level of freedom

when it captures, meaning in the process

of capturing the monitor,

but it is essentially capturing

a part of the entire monitor screen,

and the resulting files

of the snap

are often

very small in image size

This is because it directly

takes a screen shot of the monitor,

so as you can see here,

the image resolution is quite low

So,

this is used when the images needed

for the tasks are quickly restructured

for reference

without

consideration of the image quality,

and you just want to pile these

up to quickly create

a reference

I think that I will be

using this Snagit tool more often

for other demonstrations

in the future

So this is a program

that I will often use

and you will continue to see

And now,

the program that

I have newly started using is

the PureRef

It its called as PureRef

An advantage of PureRef program

is that

when we open this

Let me try and open a new one first

This is something I have already created

Close

and open the PureRef

Then we can see one black box here

It is a square box

So when I open the web

and find a reference

that I want to use,

while in case of Snagit

we press the capture button to capture a section,

, but for PureRef

, you just have to grab the image

and drag the image on top of the box

to directly

bring the image

Also, you can make

size adjustments if needed

This tool is not complicated at all

So, it is very easy to use,

and also convenient to organize

Just like this

So for instance,

for the image on the website,

800 by 800 in this case,

this can be moved into the program

as 800 by 800 image

with no change in size

This is an advantage of the PureRef

So since this does not change the image quality,

even if you make it smaller

or bigger in the box, the file does not have

any broken or blurry pixels like jpg,

jpeg files or jpeg images

But one disadvantage

of PureRef is that

when you keep collecting images like this

the board size,

or the file size can become very large sometimes

Also,

another thing is that it does not have

many save options yet

When you export,

you usually save it as a scene

When you click the scene like this,

you can only see png file

It is unfortunate

that there is no save option as a jpeg file

Since this is the case, when

holding and saving many reference images,

the file size can

become very large

So when you open and use this in Photoshop,

this may not be an issue for people with good computers,

but it can occupy a lot of memory

So for me, I use the PureRef program

when I need high quality

images

for particular textures, etc.

, and I drag the image directly

from the internet in the original,

A high quality form

for me to use

So for example,

when I open

the PureRef file like this,

you can see the images displayed

Now, when you save the image

you go from

export to scene

If you

set the file name to moodX2 like this and save,

there is now

an option to select the

desired quality

In here,

You can lower the quality

When I see it, even when I

lower the quality, when I reopen the file after saving,

I couldn’t see very significant

changes in the file quality

So,

if you don’t want the file size to be too large,

you can just lower the quality bar

before exporting

or you could lower the pixel

values of the height

and the width as well

when saving

to reduce the file size

Another advantage of PureRef is that

when you click an image

and then double click it,

you can enlarge the image

You can zoom in on the image like this

and if you see here,

when you use the mouse wheel,

you can adjust

the image size to become

larger or smaller

When you

click the right mouse button like this,

you are able to

move the entire window

Here, what we call the canvas,

is the slightly bright grey box

When you save the file,

you are saving this box

If you want to optimize the box a little more,

move to the canvas here

and press optimize,

then you will be able to see that the images

are optimized with the right sizes

and fitted inside the border

That concludes the discussion about

the reference data, collection type

and basic tools

Now we will talk about the basic settings

for the sketch work

Now before using the paint

on a program, a lot of artists

miss this detail

in Photoshop, you are able to adjust

the strength of the brush to a certain extent in the brush tool

Mechanically, however,

you must adjust brush strength

and have a more ideal Photoshop brush setting

accompanied by

mechanical brush adjustment

to create a good synergy

effect between the two

So for the mechanical adjustment

of the brush, although all of you may know this, one method

you could use

if you are using Cintiq

or Wacom tablet,

when you go to the

Wacom control panel

and move to pen setting

, you can see the settings of the brush

When you see this column called tip feel,

you can see soft and firm

Firm has a more stronger feel

and soft is more smooth,

meaning this is related to force

So it is an adjustment

of the force with

when the brush is pressed

When I go to firm,

even if I press the tip

the line coming from the brush

becomes very thin

You can see here that I am pressing it,

but the bar does not move a lot

And when I go to soft,

the pressure sensitivity becomes very high so even if I

press very lightly, the pressure

just jumps all the way

to the maximum

on the right

In this state, when you draw the brush

you can just lightly press

to draw a very thick brush

So most people

just keep it as normal

in the middle,

but this can be different

with by each artist depending

on the strength

of their hands

Those with very heavy and strong hands

sometimes unconsciously press very hard

Those people could lower this slightly

to make the adjustment

Personally, I leave it somewhere between the middle and soft

for faster sketching

, so that I can reduce the amount of force on my wrist

This is how I set it

The option that I focus on the most

is this tip feel column

The others like eraser and

calibrate are also important

When you have the calibrate setting, the arrow and brush

have a more precise alignment

in the tip following

I don’t calibrate this too often,

but I focus a lot on the tip feel

So we have looked at the Wacom setting here

Now, to paint something,

we are going to need a canvas

Let me open the canvas now

For the canvas,

I go for the U.S. Paper normal paper

, which is the default canvas

I use Letter most often, which is

3.5 x 11 inches, so the paper size

that you would print out from a printer

Since I work a lot in the U.S

I set it in inches I know that in Korea

centimeter is used more often so you

can change this into centimeters if you prefer it

I personally use inches more often

So with the letter size

and resolution 300

I always use 300 for this

There are people who go to lower numbers

, but for me it is 300

300 resolution essentially

means there are 300 pixels per inch square

So when you set this as 300 pixels

like this,

when you print an image

or enlarge the view on the screen

there aren’t any

blurry or

pixels visible in the colors

to a point where

it could be very concerning,

so I just stick to 300

You may use higher values

, but if this is too high, it could cause a lag in the brush

So when you draw the line,

it takes time for the brush to follow the movement

This is because if the resolution is higher, the computer

has to process more information,

and thus the speed becomes slower

So we open like this

When we draw characters

, we just leave this

in a vertical

rectangle,

but we sometimes change this into landscape

This is how you would make that change

Also, when I do my sketches,

I often use this crop tool

to make it smaller

and smaller like this

when I am

working on the designs

Because when you do this,

you can make your drawings in a space

with less number of pixels

When you

crop like this

and draw on a smaller surface, the advantage is that

the sketch process can become faster

The way this works is that while the pixel per inch is 300,

when you reduce the size like this,

the pixel per inch value would become smaller

This way, the number of pixels

painted by the brush

is lowered

So for example,

If I were to paint on 300 pixels,

then

one swipe like this

would fill 300 pixels

But if I were to use a smaller

canvas like this, then

without filling all 300, but with

either 150 pixels

or even 100 pixels,

the brush still can fill everything

So the time it takes for the full pixel

to be filled can be reduced

This could be a minor difference, but it is advantageous

Also, when you draw like this,

it can also reduce lagging

So I tend to make these small crops

when I need to make faster sketches

Also, when I set the canvas,

I select Grey

I like to start from a Grey screen

There aren’t special reasons behind this,

but it is just for my eyes

If I were to

continue drawing on

a very bright white canvas

for long hours or make sketches,

this could be very tiring for my eyes

So for me, when I

set this as neutral color

I am able to reduce fatigue on my eyes

Also,

when I make black and white sketches or

directly draw highlights,

this could be very useful at times

So the effect is as if

I am drawing on a tone paper

If I am drawing shapes or forms,

even if I add one form highlight,

the Grey background allows

me to see the effects

more

directly, so that’s why

I prefer using this

I have seen people using colors other than Grey

They would pick fancier colors that

are comfortable for their eyes

such as orange or blue shades

and change it on a daily basis

depending on their drawing

rhythm and would

choose colors

accordingly

Now, I should talk about

the Photoshop window

for a bit

My window is set in this way

The navigator is on the top

The navigator is for

a live update, so

if I

drew something,

I could directly

use the zoom option to look at the

composition and zoom

in and out,

but the navigation allows

instant check up because the entire image

is small enough for me to view at once

Check up of composition, etc.

can all be seen at once

as a whole inside the navigator,

so that’s why I put the

navigator window

on top like this

Then I placed the swatch directly below it

This swatch is Visibone2, and I use this a lot

One of the reasons is

that when you see this

and I

open the Visibone2 like this,

you can see colors

that seem very familiar

to you

This is the color wheel color

Although this is not a precise color wheel,

this can become a good reference

when you want to make a color comparison

So that’s how I set it

From here,

I can pick colors

and directly

mix or use

with the way this set up

Another important thing here

is that I set the history window below it

I often use the history in this way

If I happen to

make a mistake,

I could directly delete this

with Ctrl+Z,

but sometimes If I want

to undo multiple actions,

I can directly

move to the history

and with a few clicks

, I can delete them

or return to

the previous versions

You could just press Ctrl+Z,

but this way could save time

when you are working with multiple layers

and can make the review process faster

I can quickly review

where I had problems

with the history set up this way

This is actions,

and here are the number keys

I added it

when I first installed Photoshop

I haven’t used the action keys

much afterward, however

This action key setting is

a short cut tool

that creates short cuts

that the artists want

This is the record button

This is the play button

When you press the record button,

that is for an action,

or an action on the select tool

So press the button,

take a certain action,

then stop

So pressing this option

saves

the commands I have performed

on the canvas

and the corresponding keys

can also be

saved alongside it

Then, if you press certain key, it automatically

performs that action

For me, I mainly use

two action keys, one

for the fill action

and the other

for the flip option

I am not using a lot of action keys

But if more complicated

Photoshop

tasks are required,

such as when certain

textiles have to

be created,

I may set more complicated

action keys and use them

But when I am just making sketches or paintings

I don’t really set up

many action keys

But setting them like this

divides the sketches into sections,

where for instance

if I have to fill something

I can save time of

going to the option

and pressing transfer

This is just 0.01 seconds or like 1 to 2 seconds of difference,

but by reducing this

, you can significantly reduce the work time

This does accumulate over the course of the task

So instead of going back and forth with the option keys,

I could just set the action key

and use it

in

this way

The most important tool

for sketching and painting

would be the brush tool

Different artists will have varying settings for the brush tool

I will now briefly explain

the brush option

Since many artists have

personally adjusted brush settings,

I can’t say that a particular brush setting

is the most ideal

However, I can talk about how I generally

set my brushes for when I do sketches

or paintings

You might be disappointed by this,

but I don’t have a large scale

library of brush

customization

I tend to

use very simple brushes,

and these brush shapes

are default brushes that are already on Photoshop

Starting with

the brush tip,

the brush tip I use often is No.23,

and I check shape dynamic

Then I also check

texture

and smoothing

Also,

I often check

transfer and use it

So when I press transfer you can see

that the ends of the brush become smoother

Also,

I select transfer

when I want to express smooth lines

Shape dynamics

are basic

I have turned everything else off,

with the minimum diameter 31%

with slight variations back and forth,

but I don’t have a fixed percentage

Now,

the texture

I think

the texture that I use most often

is known as paper texture

as you can see here

Or I may enter canvas texture

and use it

as you can see here

The reason why I choose this texture and use it

is very simple

It is because

I really like

the rough, pencil like

feeling where the tip

is slightly splitting

I was an artist that

originally used a lot of

analog tools

I have used a lot of pencils or colored pencils

in the past,

so I set and use the brush

in a similar fashion

From my perspective, I have

already seen a lot of

people online with good source of

pencil, colored pencil, and

crayon like textures

Also,

I think you could enter

good pencil texture

or brush textures

using such

Sources, so you can use them

For me, I have

set it this way because

I like this texture

For the scale,

increasing the scale becomes very rough,

and lowering it becomes very detailed

I don’t normally have it this large

This is probably how

I would normally set it

Also, I adjust the shape diameter

slightly depending on how large or

small I have set the texture

I am talking

about the tip itself

Because,

if I have the brush too small,

the result would be very thick

Even with this setting

when I zoom in

you will be able to see that

it is quite thick

But if you were

to make the texture larger,

it would split

Then,

after seeing the splitting I slightly increased the diameter,

meaning this minimal diameter

So I will lower the

diameter

if the texture is too small

and increase the diameter if the texture is large

so that appropriate amount of

splitting occurs

Then about the brightness,

this

is

the thickness setting of the brush

I am using -1 right now,

with contrast also -1.

For the depth,

as I like this splitting form,

when I can see that occurring

on the line, I leave it as it is

Right now, it is set at 10%

Now this is transfer that I use most often

This is the option

to split the two

ends

This bar doesn’t actually

show a lot of difference on screen

Increasing this

makes the texture

more distinct

Then,

decreasing the percentage

creates a

smoother brush

texture

This is the minimum

This is about

the amount of fade in

or transparency you want

at the brush tip ends

This is essentially a transparency setting

For me, I just draw it,

see it on the monitor,

and go by feeling

of what would be the right setting

For smoothing, I do not know too much about it

I believe that it is an option

that has to do with

distributing the softness

at the edges of the lines

which is not very noticeable

on screen

But I don’t think turning this

on or off makes a huge difference

So the brush check points I consider

most important are

shape dynamic, texture,

and transfer

Another tool

that I

use

very often

is this smear

finger tool

It is called the hand smear brush option

Before I talk about

when I often use this,

you can see that I have

checked transfer and scattering on the interface

The transfer makes

the edges smoother,

and for the scattering,

this rectangle drawing

for instance

is pushed like this

without the

scattering

The image is pushed like this

I have set the strength to 50%

,but I believe that the default value

is lower than this

For me, I set

it as 50%

So with this pushed effect,

when I increase the scattering

just slightly,

it causes dispersion

So then you can have

a dispersing effect like this

This option is

used often where

two surfaces of different colors

are sketched

and you want

the point of contact

of these surfaces to be

smoother

This helps the creation of the gradations

easier

To show the transfer option

as I talked about

earlier,

with the two surfaces here like this,

turning on the transfer

can give a similar effect

This allows

the smoothing

This is slightly

different from the hand tool

in that it gives

a rougher texture feel

The hand tool gives a

smoother feel,

and this is different

Now, I will talk about the pencil line tool,

although I personally

don’t use this very often

When you press and hold at the brush

you can see the option

where

there is a pencil tool

The pencil tool

isn’t often used

when I make

drawings

or when I am

doing sketches

However,

I use this most often

when I have to make

hard surface sketches

to express certain

hard surfaces

So when I point,

the two points

are connected like this

to effectively maintain

a very clean straight line,

so this could be used

for expressions of buildings,

or hard surfaces such as weapons

or vehicles

essentially this would be used for

mechanic like sketches where

clean lines are required

Also, when I do the pencil settings

I add some shape dynamic and texture

For the texture,

I use the option that

adds a relatively rough texture

that somewhat breaks

the lines

The dynamics are as such,

and you may or may

not use angle jitter

I personally

set it at

10% and use it

The feature of this pencil line is that

when I zoom in on this,

when you see

in case of

the brush

it is foggy like this

It does not matter how much I magnify this

Can you see it It is very cloudy

But the pencil appears opaque

Essentially, it completely

colors the entire pixel

Also,

The brush can also be used for

hard surface drawings

The problem

is that

when you are drawing

dense, mechanical drawings,

it can give a very messy sensation

So I use pencil lines

to make those parts

look a lot clearer

To conclude,

I will talk about

what I do to

calibrate the hand with the brain,

so when I want to organize my thoughts

There could be many ways

You could meditate,

or imagine

the drawings inside of your head

and try and draw it

on a particular

surface, etc.

This could be helpful in organizing

However, if I had to

quickly make multiple sketches,

when I have to immediately start drawing on

this empty canvas,

If I were to start

drawing when the hand and the brain are not

very organized,

there are times when my hands don’t move well

even if the image I want to draw is in my head

This is what I do when that happens

In essence,

it involves

drawing a wave

like this

You could go from top to bottom

or from left

to right

This is

practicing moving your hands,

and it is

a

practice

that is often done for oil paintings or charcoal

work, etc.

So there is a lot of

training involving holding the sharp edge of the charcoal

and drawing lines

going from top

to bottom

When I was in college, when I had

to draw figures or quickly

draw croquis figures

I did a lot of practice with lines

using the charcoal

This is applicable in cases,

if

if there is a leg like this

belonging to a character

While this may be

enough to express

a leg

but there can be

many ways to add shadows

Just like this

You could add shapes in this way,

but you could also do it with lines

Just like

this

So when you express

it with lines

you can create more

perspective to

the drawing

The lines allow you to feel the form more

When adding coloring,

if you would want to add forms,

such line

techniques are often used

Then,

If you draw

like this,

there is a more

artistic effect

artistic effect

compared to when

the shadows

were expressed in a flatter way

So I like to do this line practice

from time to time

I would do it

until the shapes of the

lines become more organized

This is my way of warming up

Or, another

author I know

does this

It’s called maze drawing,

where you draw a circle

and

you try

to draw smaller

circles inside that are as

close to the first circle as possible

without coming in contact

while maintaining a constant

speed This ends up looking

like onion rings

When drawing this, one thing to note

is not to apply force

on the wrist

But feel the shoulder, as well as

all muscles on the upper

and lower arms

while drawing

This is because people who use Cintiq like myself,

when drawing details,

they use wrist

a lot

So cross hatching sketches,

in particular,

could be where the

wrist is used a lot

This

accumulates a lot of

fatigue on the wrist easily

Also,

the best posture

I recommend

is where the entire

hand is used

for drawing

When you use the entire hand

you can create

more comfortable lines

The lines will also become more precise,

compared to when you use your wrist

The wrist is used a lot for

smaller details,

but if you can draw in a posture

where you feel the shoulder more

it would be useful

when you are drawing bigger

character gesture shapes

for example

As such, it would be good to try and draw

while being conscious about the shoulder

This concludes the discussion on mood board production,

tool introduction,

and

basic tool settings on

Photoshop

The next lecture

will discuss sketch composition and ways to

utilize the sketchbook

That is it for today

Thank you