Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated:
0
00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:02,670
PETER REDDIEN: So same kind of setup here.
1
00:00:02,670 --> 00:00:08,970
D over plus, plus over plus, D over plus.
2
00:00:08,970 --> 00:00:17,410
And here I'm going to give you the SSR genotype.
3
00:00:17,410 --> 00:00:19,660
Now, I'm just going to give the letters at this point.
4
00:00:19,660 --> 00:00:21,460
If it's unclear, feel free to ask.
5
00:00:21,460 --> 00:00:25,015
It's A over A in this individual and B over B here.
6
00:00:25,015 --> 00:00:29,400
7
00:00:29,400 --> 00:00:34,170
And in the offspring, this female, it is A over B.
8
00:00:34,170 --> 00:00:35,490
Is this an informative meiosis?
9
00:00:35,490 --> 00:00:38,920
10
00:00:38,920 --> 00:00:40,260
I see people shaking their head.
11
00:00:40,260 --> 00:00:42,820
No, it is not.
12
00:00:42,820 --> 00:00:43,920
It's uninformative.
13
00:00:43,920 --> 00:00:49,530
14
00:00:49,530 --> 00:00:52,000
Not informative.
15
00:00:52,000 --> 00:00:54,690
We know that this D gene went.
16
00:00:54,690 --> 00:00:59,490
This D allele went and the gamete that produced
17
00:00:59,490 --> 00:01:01,290
this individual.
18
00:01:01,290 --> 00:01:05,480
But we don't know which of these two A alleles
19
00:01:05,480 --> 00:01:06,800
went because they're the same.
20
00:01:06,800 --> 00:01:11,010
21
00:01:11,010 --> 00:01:13,110
That was just like this thing we went through
22
00:01:13,110 --> 00:01:19,680
before that felt intuitive to you hopefully.
23
00:01:19,680 --> 00:01:22,710
We don't have heterozygosity at this SSR1 locus
24
00:01:22,710 --> 00:01:25,800
in this individual to see whether any two alleles went
25
00:01:25,800 --> 00:01:28,230
together or not.
26
00:01:28,230 --> 00:01:29,070
OK.
27
00:01:29,070 --> 00:01:31,800
Example three.
28
00:01:31,800 --> 00:01:32,955
Same setup.
29
00:01:32,955 --> 00:01:44,210
30
00:01:44,210 --> 00:01:44,710
OK?
31
00:01:44,710 --> 00:01:58,848
32
00:01:58,848 --> 00:02:00,140
Is this an informative meiosis?
33
00:02:00,140 --> 00:02:05,360
34
00:02:05,360 --> 00:02:09,539
Anyone want to express why or why not?
35
00:02:09,539 --> 00:02:10,039
Great.
36
00:02:10,039 --> 00:02:15,440
The answer was this individual was heterozygous for the marker
37
00:02:15,440 --> 00:02:21,227
genes and was heterozygous for the disease allele.
38
00:02:21,227 --> 00:02:23,310
But you still can't tell which ones went together.
39
00:02:23,310 --> 00:02:26,240
40
00:02:26,240 --> 00:02:29,000
Just having this setup doesn't guarantee that a meiosis will
41
00:02:29,000 --> 00:02:31,880
be informative because the problem was this parent
42
00:02:31,880 --> 00:02:36,410
had a genotype and an outcome that
43
00:02:36,410 --> 00:02:39,110
doesn't allow us to definitively say which of these two alleles
44
00:02:39,110 --> 00:02:40,550
went with the D gene.
45
00:02:40,550 --> 00:02:44,120
We know that the D gene, the D allele came,
46
00:02:44,120 --> 00:02:48,210
but we don't know which of these was partnered with it
47
00:02:48,210 --> 00:02:52,032
and the gamete that produced this female offspring.
48
00:02:52,032 --> 00:02:54,490
It could've been A, and then the B could've come from here.
49
00:02:54,490 --> 00:02:57,115
Or it could've been B, and then the A could've come from there.
50
00:02:57,115 --> 00:02:58,555
So it's uninformative.
51
00:02:58,555 --> 00:03:08,700
52
00:03:08,700 --> 00:03:09,200
OK.
53
00:03:09,200 --> 00:03:10,250
4 of 5 here.
54
00:03:10,250 --> 00:03:21,360
55
00:03:21,360 --> 00:03:22,440
What about this case?
56
00:03:22,440 --> 00:03:24,900
Now, I haven't written the disease genotype,
57
00:03:24,900 --> 00:03:27,646
but it's the same as in all these pedigrees.
58
00:03:27,646 --> 00:03:28,660
All right.
59
00:03:28,660 --> 00:03:29,860
I guess I'll write it.
60
00:03:29,860 --> 00:03:34,820
We know that the D allele came, and the A allele of that SSR
61
00:03:34,820 --> 00:03:35,320
came.
62
00:03:35,320 --> 00:03:38,470
63
00:03:38,470 --> 00:03:42,220
It was the same genotype for the SSR and the D gene
64
00:03:42,220 --> 00:03:45,370
as in this, the meiosis that produced offspring.
65
00:03:45,370 --> 00:03:53,980
This one was not informative, and this one is informative
66
00:03:53,980 --> 00:03:55,750
because we can explicitly determine
67
00:03:55,750 --> 00:03:57,850
which of these two alleles of the SSR
68
00:03:57,850 --> 00:04:01,630
had to be co-transmitted with this D allele.
69
00:04:01,630 --> 00:04:02,245
Final example.
70
00:04:02,245 --> 00:04:05,210
71
00:04:05,210 --> 00:04:06,455
OK, what about this outcome?
72
00:04:06,455 --> 00:04:09,280
73
00:04:09,280 --> 00:04:11,091
Informative or not informative?
74
00:04:11,091 --> 00:04:13,680
75
00:04:13,680 --> 00:04:17,190
Anyone want to express why?
76
00:04:17,190 --> 00:04:17,713
Yeah.
77
00:04:17,713 --> 00:04:19,380
STUDENT: Since it's informative, did you
78
00:04:19,380 --> 00:04:22,360
have to get the recessive gene [INAUDIBLE]??
79
00:04:22,360 --> 00:04:23,110
PETER REDDIEN: OK.
80
00:04:23,110 --> 00:04:24,320
Now, this individual is unaffected.
81
00:04:24,320 --> 00:04:26,237
So what's their genotype for the disease gene?
82
00:04:26,237 --> 00:04:27,130
STUDENT: Plus plus.
83
00:04:27,130 --> 00:04:28,150
PETER REDDIEN: Plus.
84
00:04:28,150 --> 00:04:29,065
So it's plus plus.
85
00:04:29,065 --> 00:04:33,040
86
00:04:33,040 --> 00:04:35,380
And we know that this plus version
87
00:04:35,380 --> 00:04:38,470
of the gene, an allele of the gene we care about,
88
00:04:38,470 --> 00:04:40,400
was transmitted.
89
00:04:40,400 --> 00:04:45,200
And we know that the B version of SSR1 was transmitted.
90
00:04:45,200 --> 00:04:46,990
So this is informative.
91
00:04:46,990 --> 00:04:49,630
Doesn't have to transmit the disease carrying allele for it
92
00:04:49,630 --> 00:04:51,010
to be an informative meiosis.
93
00:04:51,010 --> 00:04:52,530
There's two alleles of the gene.
94
00:04:52,530 --> 00:04:54,035
Yeah.
95
00:04:54,035 --> 00:04:55,660
STUDENT: Knowing that it's informative,
96
00:04:55,660 --> 00:04:58,480
how much information can that actually give you per linkage?
97
00:04:58,480 --> 00:05:01,931
Couldn't it just be random that A and D [INAUDIBLE] before it
98
00:05:01,931 --> 00:05:02,560
came together?
99
00:05:02,560 --> 00:05:03,727
PETER REDDIEN: That's right.
100
00:05:03,727 --> 00:05:05,650
Could be random.
101
00:05:05,650 --> 00:05:07,690
So if it was unlinked, we would expect
102
00:05:07,690 --> 00:05:10,942
recombinant and non-recombinant gametes to be 50-50.
103
00:05:10,942 --> 00:05:12,400
And what we're going to want to see
104
00:05:12,400 --> 00:05:15,820
is it deviating from that randomness.
105
00:05:15,820 --> 00:05:17,210
And that's what we'll do next.
106
00:05:17,210 --> 00:05:17,710
Yeah.
107
00:05:17,710 --> 00:05:20,860
STUDENT: Could you relate what you describe, the examples here
108
00:05:20,860 --> 00:05:23,850
with what you have?
109
00:05:23,850 --> 00:05:24,850
Two allele markers?
110
00:05:24,850 --> 00:05:25,820
PETER REDDIEN: Yeah.
111
00:05:25,820 --> 00:05:26,320
Yeah.
112
00:05:26,320 --> 00:05:31,490
So in this case, we have two alleles of the markers,
113
00:05:31,490 --> 00:05:33,910
and we have two alleles for the trait gene.
114
00:05:33,910 --> 00:05:37,490
And we can determine which ones went together.
115
00:05:37,490 --> 00:05:39,820
In this one, we don't have two alleles for the marker,
116
00:05:39,820 --> 00:05:42,283
so it's out.
117
00:05:42,283 --> 00:05:44,200
This one, we do have two alleles of the marker
118
00:05:44,200 --> 00:05:45,658
and two alleles for the trait gene,
119
00:05:45,658 --> 00:05:47,720
but we can't determine which ones went together.
120
00:05:47,720 --> 00:05:48,792
So it's out.
121
00:05:48,792 --> 00:05:51,250
This one, we do have two alleles of the marker, two alleles
122
00:05:51,250 --> 00:05:52,958
with the trait gene, and we can determine
123
00:05:52,958 --> 00:05:54,190
which ones went together.
124
00:05:54,190 --> 00:05:55,240
And same thing here.
125
00:05:55,240 --> 00:05:57,615
Two alleles of the marker, two alleles of the trait gene,
126
00:05:57,615 --> 00:05:59,626
and we can determine which ones go together.
127
00:05:59,626 --> 00:06:01,560
STUDENT: So I guess just because you
128
00:06:01,560 --> 00:06:04,213
have two alleles on the marker and two alleles on the trait
129
00:06:04,213 --> 00:06:06,130
gene doesn't necessarily mean it's informative
130
00:06:06,130 --> 00:06:07,963
but that it can be informative?
131
00:06:07,963 --> 00:06:09,880
PETER REDDIEN: Correct, it can be informative.
132
00:06:09,880 --> 00:06:12,730
But you still have to fulfill the second line there.
133
00:06:12,730 --> 00:06:16,140
You can determine which were transmitted together.
8903
Can't find what you're looking for?
Get subtitles in any language from opensubtitles.com, and translate them here.
Afrikaans
Akan
Albanian
Amharic
Arabic
Armenian
Azerbaijani
Basque
Belarusian
Bemba
Bengali
Bihari
Bosnian
Breton
Bulgarian
Cambodian
Catalan
Cebuano
Cherokee
Chichewa
Chinese (Simplified)
Chinese (Traditional)
Corsican
Croatian
Czech
Danish
Dutch
English
Esperanto
Estonian
Faroese
Finnish
Galician
Georgian
German
Greek
Guarani
Haitian Creole
Hausa
Hawaiian
Hebrew
Hmong
Hungarian
Icelandic
Indonesian
Irish
Italian
Japanese
Kazakh
Kinyarwanda
Kirundi
Kongo
Korean
Krio (Sierra Leone)
Kurdish
Kyrgyz
Laothian
Latin
Latvian
Lithuanian
Luganda
Luo
Luxembourgish
Macedonian
Malagasy
Malay
Maltese
Maori
Mauritian Creole
Moldavian
Mongolian
Myanmar (Burmese)
Montenegrin
Nepali
Norwegian
Pashto
Persian
Polish
Portuguese (Brazil)
Portuguese (Portugal)
Quechua
Romanian
Romansh
Russian
Samoan
Scots Gaelic
Serbian
Sesotho
Setswana
Seychellois Creole
Shona
Sindhi
Sinhalese
Slovak
Slovenian
Somali
Spanish
Swedish
Tajik
Thai
Tigrinya
Tonga
Turkish
Turkmen
Ukrainian
Uzbek
Vietnamese
Welsh
Wolof