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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:01,043 --> 00:00:03,212 >> NARRATOR: Amazing inventions 2 00:00:03,212 --> 00:00:05,422 centuries ahead of their time. 3 00:00:05,422 --> 00:00:10,385 >> The helicopter, the airplane, 4 00:00:10,385 --> 00:00:12,888 the submarine, all of these were 5 00:00:12,888 --> 00:00:15,766 Leonardo da Vinci's concepts. 6 00:00:15,766 --> 00:00:17,476 >> NARRATOR: Paintings said to 7 00:00:17,476 --> 00:00:19,394 contain hidden messages. 8 00:00:19,394 --> 00:00:21,939 >> It is only a portrait, and 9 00:00:21,939 --> 00:00:23,524 yet it seems to have dimensions 10 00:00:23,524 --> 00:00:26,652 and mysteries that have yet to 11 00:00:26,652 --> 00:00:28,320 be explained. 12 00:00:28,320 --> 00:00:29,863 >> NARRATOR: And sophisticated 13 00:00:29,863 --> 00:00:31,823 robots designed more than five 14 00:00:31,823 --> 00:00:33,700 centuries ago. 15 00:00:33,700 --> 00:00:35,869 >> People would never have seen 16 00:00:35,869 --> 00:00:37,829 something like this that was 17 00:00:37,829 --> 00:00:39,706 able to move on its own. 18 00:00:39,706 --> 00:00:41,583 >> NARRATOR: Leonardo da Vinci 19 00:00:41,583 --> 00:00:43,293 is considered one of the most 20 00:00:43,293 --> 00:00:44,836 brilliant minds the world has 21 00:00:44,836 --> 00:00:46,797 ever known. 22 00:00:46,797 --> 00:00:48,090 But what was the source of his 23 00:00:48,090 --> 00:00:50,592 profound intellect? 24 00:00:50,592 --> 00:00:52,761 >> He was absolutely immersed in 25 00:00:52,761 --> 00:00:55,097 finding out, maybe even proving, 26 00:00:55,097 --> 00:00:57,849 that we were not alone. 27 00:00:57,849 --> 00:00:59,518 >> NARRATOR: Millions of people 28 00:00:59,518 --> 00:01:01,478 around the world believe we have 29 00:01:01,478 --> 00:01:03,313 been visited in the past by 30 00:01:03,313 --> 00:01:06,191 extraterrestrial beings. 31 00:01:06,191 --> 00:01:08,694 What if it were true? 32 00:01:08,694 --> 00:01:11,196 Did ancient aliens really help 33 00:01:11,196 --> 00:01:14,449 to shape our history? 34 00:01:14,449 --> 00:01:17,369 And if so, might there have been 35 00:01:17,369 --> 00:01:18,870 a secret extraterrestrial 36 00:01:18,870 --> 00:01:22,457 connection to Leonardo da Vinci 37 00:01:22,457 --> 00:01:25,335 and other artists of his time? 38 00:01:52,946 --> 00:01:59,328 >> Four, three, two, one, zero. 39 00:01:59,328 --> 00:02:00,912 >> NARRATOR: February 24, 40 00:02:00,912 --> 00:02:04,958 2011, embarking on its final 41 00:02:04,958 --> 00:02:06,877 voyage, Space Shuttle Discovery 42 00:02:06,877 --> 00:02:08,337 docks with the International 43 00:02:08,337 --> 00:02:09,713 Space Station. 44 00:02:09,713 --> 00:02:11,506 Its mission: to deliver the 45 00:02:11,506 --> 00:02:12,883 most advanced model in robotic 46 00:02:12,883 --> 00:02:15,427 engineering to date, 47 00:02:15,427 --> 00:02:19,181 Robonaut 2. 48 00:02:19,181 --> 00:02:21,183 But believe it or not, this 49 00:02:21,183 --> 00:02:22,934 masterpiece of modern technology 50 00:02:22,934 --> 00:02:25,520 is the latest in a line of 51 00:02:25,520 --> 00:02:28,106 humanoid robots whose design is 52 00:02:28,106 --> 00:02:30,442 based on illustrations created 53 00:02:30,442 --> 00:02:34,029 more than 500 years ago 54 00:02:34,029 --> 00:02:38,825 by Leonardo da Vinci. 55 00:02:38,825 --> 00:02:40,619 >> MICHAEL DENNIN: When you 56 00:02:40,619 --> 00:02:41,787 look at Robonaut 2, you can 57 00:02:41,787 --> 00:02:43,288 trace his lineage back to 58 00:02:43,288 --> 00:02:45,374 Leonardo da Vinci. 59 00:02:45,374 --> 00:02:46,541 The basic design and structure 60 00:02:46,541 --> 00:02:48,460 and ideas you can see in what 61 00:02:48,460 --> 00:02:50,212 Leonardo was working on. 62 00:02:50,212 --> 00:02:52,214 >> JONATHAN YOUNG: They're like 63 00:02:52,214 --> 00:02:53,215 three‐dimensional blueprints. 64 00:02:53,215 --> 00:02:54,633 You could virtually create a 65 00:02:54,633 --> 00:02:56,218 human being from these, which is 66 00:02:56,218 --> 00:02:57,427 essentially what the NASA 67 00:02:57,427 --> 00:02:59,805 engineers did. 68 00:02:59,805 --> 00:03:01,640 >> BETTY ANN BROWN: Leonardo 69 00:03:01,640 --> 00:03:03,308 holds the position as the 70 00:03:03,308 --> 00:03:05,435 greatest human genius that we 71 00:03:05,435 --> 00:03:06,770 know of. 72 00:03:06,770 --> 00:03:09,272 He had very high intellectual 73 00:03:09,272 --> 00:03:12,401 ability, extraordinary creative 74 00:03:12,401 --> 00:03:15,320 range, and used them to 75 00:03:15,320 --> 00:03:17,614 accomplish quite a bit. 76 00:03:19,991 --> 00:03:21,827 >> MARTIN KEMP: Leonardo is 77 00:03:21,827 --> 00:03:23,495 somebody who is able to operate 78 00:03:23,495 --> 00:03:24,913 across all these various fields, 79 00:03:24,913 --> 00:03:27,124 which is very unusual. 80 00:03:27,124 --> 00:03:28,333 He was trained as a painter, a 81 00:03:28,333 --> 00:03:30,293 sculptor, but he manages to move 82 00:03:30,293 --> 00:03:31,586 into geometry, optics, 83 00:03:31,586 --> 00:03:33,588 mechanical design, anatomy, 84 00:03:33,588 --> 00:03:37,092 geology, and so on, and in each 85 00:03:37,092 --> 00:03:38,260 of these, he has extraordinary 86 00:03:38,260 --> 00:03:39,511 insight. 87 00:03:39,511 --> 00:03:41,263 So, if you're wanting to talk 88 00:03:41,263 --> 00:03:42,764 about a universal genius, which 89 00:03:42,764 --> 00:03:44,266 is a very Renaissance idea, then 90 00:03:44,266 --> 00:03:46,268 Leonardo is the definition of 91 00:03:46,268 --> 00:03:48,478 that. 92 00:03:48,478 --> 00:03:50,480 >> NARRATOR: Leonardo da Vinci's 93 00:03:50,480 --> 00:03:52,357 work, covering a staggering 94 00:03:52,357 --> 00:03:54,359 range of disciplines, is still 95 00:03:54,359 --> 00:03:57,362 influencing science, technology, 96 00:03:57,362 --> 00:04:00,031 medicine, art, and numerous 97 00:04:00,031 --> 00:04:02,868 other fields nearly half a 98 00:04:02,868 --> 00:04:05,704 millennium after his death, 99 00:04:05,704 --> 00:04:06,872 but just who was Leonardo 100 00:04:06,872 --> 00:04:08,748 da Vinci? 101 00:04:08,748 --> 00:04:10,459 Was he simply a man of profound 102 00:04:10,459 --> 00:04:12,544 intellect and imagination? 103 00:04:12,544 --> 00:04:14,296 Or is there, perhaps, something 104 00:04:14,296 --> 00:04:16,923 more to his genius? 105 00:04:22,804 --> 00:04:25,307 Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci 106 00:04:25,307 --> 00:04:27,058 was born just outside Florence 107 00:04:27,058 --> 00:04:29,311 in Vinci, Italy, on April 15, 108 00:04:29,311 --> 00:04:32,522 1452. 109 00:04:32,522 --> 00:04:34,983 He lived during the height of 110 00:04:34,983 --> 00:04:37,068 the Italian Renaissance, an era 111 00:04:37,068 --> 00:04:39,154 marked by great artistic and 112 00:04:39,154 --> 00:04:41,406 scientific achievement and a 113 00:04:41,406 --> 00:04:45,660 universal quest for knowledge. 114 00:04:45,660 --> 00:04:47,245 >> BROWN: Renaissance is French 115 00:04:47,245 --> 00:04:49,790 for "rebirth," and it saw itself 116 00:04:49,790 --> 00:04:52,876 as giving birth again to the 117 00:04:52,876 --> 00:04:56,755 values that they somewhat 118 00:04:56,755 --> 00:04:58,423 romantically attributed to the 119 00:04:58,423 --> 00:05:00,342 classical past, to Ancient 120 00:05:00,342 --> 00:05:02,344 Greece and Ancient Rome. 121 00:05:02,344 --> 00:05:03,720 And they see the thousand years 122 00:05:03,720 --> 00:05:05,347 that have passed between Rome 123 00:05:05,347 --> 00:05:07,516 and the rise of the Renaissance 124 00:05:07,516 --> 00:05:10,519 as a dark age, and they want 125 00:05:10,519 --> 00:05:12,896 to bring the light of humanism 126 00:05:12,896 --> 00:05:14,815 back to the world with 127 00:05:14,815 --> 00:05:17,776 intellectual and artistic 128 00:05:17,776 --> 00:05:20,153 innovation. 129 00:05:25,992 --> 00:05:27,953 >> GODFREY HARRIS: Florence was 130 00:05:27,953 --> 00:05:29,120 larger than London, larger than 131 00:05:29,120 --> 00:05:31,122 Paris, larger than Rome at the 132 00:05:31,122 --> 00:05:33,500 time Leonardo lived there. 133 00:05:33,500 --> 00:05:34,793 All these bright people had 134 00:05:34,793 --> 00:05:37,128 gathered. 135 00:05:39,756 --> 00:05:41,591 >> NARRATOR: But while the 136 00:05:41,591 --> 00:05:43,385 Renaissance is considered an age 137 00:05:43,385 --> 00:05:45,720 of enlightenment, it was also a 138 00:05:45,720 --> 00:05:47,889 time fiercely dominated by the 139 00:05:47,889 --> 00:05:50,475 Roman Catholic Church. 140 00:05:50,475 --> 00:05:52,394 >> SEAN‐DAVID MORTON: When we 141 00:05:52,394 --> 00:05:53,395 come to the Renaissance, the 142 00:05:53,395 --> 00:05:54,396 Church is pretty much running 143 00:05:54,396 --> 00:05:55,605 everything, so every artist, 144 00:05:55,605 --> 00:05:57,524 pretty much anybody who can read 145 00:05:57,524 --> 00:05:59,234 and write is either in the 146 00:05:59,234 --> 00:06:00,861 monastic system of the Church, 147 00:06:00,861 --> 00:06:02,195 and of course, the Church is the 148 00:06:02,195 --> 00:06:03,822 main patron for all the 149 00:06:03,822 --> 00:06:05,073 different artists in the 150 00:06:05,073 --> 00:06:07,200 Renaissance. 151 00:06:07,200 --> 00:06:08,910 >> NARRATOR: At a time when 152 00:06:08,910 --> 00:06:10,662 everything was subject to the 153 00:06:10,662 --> 00:06:12,497 scrutiny of the Church, a young 154 00:06:12,497 --> 00:06:15,000 Leonardo da Vinci accepted one 155 00:06:15,000 --> 00:06:16,459 of his earliest artistic 156 00:06:16,459 --> 00:06:19,421 assignments‐‐ the illustration 157 00:06:19,421 --> 00:06:21,423 of a wooden shield with a 158 00:06:21,423 --> 00:06:23,133 likeness of the mythical Greek 159 00:06:23,133 --> 00:06:26,803 monster, Medusa, a Gorgon whose 160 00:06:26,803 --> 00:06:28,430 head was literally covered with 161 00:06:28,430 --> 00:06:30,473 live snakes. 162 00:06:30,473 --> 00:06:31,808 >> WILLIAM WALLACE: Leonardo 163 00:06:31,808 --> 00:06:34,436 drew Medusa so frightening that 164 00:06:34,436 --> 00:06:36,271 his father believed that he was 165 00:06:36,271 --> 00:06:38,648 actually looking at live snakes. 166 00:06:41,735 --> 00:06:43,069 >> NARRATOR: But why, when the 167 00:06:43,069 --> 00:06:44,696 most prominent artists of his 168 00:06:44,696 --> 00:06:46,197 day were painting images from 169 00:06:46,197 --> 00:06:48,533 the Judeo‐Christian Bible, would 170 00:06:48,533 --> 00:06:50,619 Leonardo have chosen to depict a 171 00:06:50,619 --> 00:06:54,706 mythical Greek monster, one that 172 00:06:54,706 --> 00:06:56,541 many ancient astronaut theorists 173 00:06:56,541 --> 00:06:58,501 believe may have been based on 174 00:06:58,501 --> 00:07:00,712 an extraterrestrial creature? 175 00:07:02,756 --> 00:07:04,174 >> PHILIP COPPENS: When we 176 00:07:04,174 --> 00:07:05,467 compare him to modern geniuses, 177 00:07:05,467 --> 00:07:07,177 we know, for example, that these 178 00:07:07,177 --> 00:07:08,720 beings were absolutely 179 00:07:08,720 --> 00:07:11,640 interested in the idea that we 180 00:07:11,640 --> 00:07:12,974 were not alone in the universe, 181 00:07:12,974 --> 00:07:14,893 that somehow we had been 182 00:07:14,893 --> 00:07:16,061 contacted by extraterrestrial 183 00:07:16,061 --> 00:07:18,563 beings. 184 00:07:18,563 --> 00:07:19,689 Leonardo da Vinci is a person 185 00:07:19,689 --> 00:07:20,899 who believed in the existence 186 00:07:20,899 --> 00:07:23,485 of extraterrestrial beings. 187 00:07:25,570 --> 00:07:26,571 >> NARRATOR: While still a 188 00:07:26,571 --> 00:07:28,406 teenager, Leonardo earned an 189 00:07:28,406 --> 00:07:30,075 apprenticeship with one of the 190 00:07:30,075 --> 00:07:31,326 most renowned artists of the 191 00:07:31,326 --> 00:07:34,996 time, Andrea del Verrocchio, 192 00:07:34,996 --> 00:07:36,998 and it is widely considered that 193 00:07:36,998 --> 00:07:38,625 their most notable collaboration 194 00:07:38,625 --> 00:07:39,793 during this period was 195 00:07:39,793 --> 00:07:43,672 The Annunciation, 196 00:07:43,672 --> 00:07:46,049 a scene depicting the moment 197 00:07:46,049 --> 00:07:47,759 when the Virgin Mary is informed 198 00:07:47,759 --> 00:07:49,678 that she will soon be made 199 00:07:49,678 --> 00:07:52,931 pregnant with God's child. 200 00:07:52,931 --> 00:07:54,516 >> KEMP: Verrocchio seems to 201 00:07:54,516 --> 00:07:56,226 have begun the picture and begun 202 00:07:56,226 --> 00:07:57,686 it in a traditional medium of 203 00:07:57,686 --> 00:07:59,854 egg tempera, which is an egg 204 00:07:59,854 --> 00:08:02,315 binder for the pigments, and at 205 00:08:02,315 --> 00:08:04,150 some point, Leonardo intervened 206 00:08:04,150 --> 00:08:06,611 and finished the picture, 207 00:08:06,611 --> 00:08:09,114 and he painted an angel. 208 00:08:11,366 --> 00:08:13,702 >> NARRATOR: In 1989, experts in 209 00:08:13,702 --> 00:08:15,453 Florence performed an extensive 210 00:08:15,453 --> 00:08:17,622 examination of The Annunciation 211 00:08:17,622 --> 00:08:20,875 to verify if the angel in the 212 00:08:20,875 --> 00:08:22,919 painting was truly the work of 213 00:08:22,919 --> 00:08:24,629 Leonardo. 214 00:08:24,629 --> 00:08:25,714 After close expert and 215 00:08:25,714 --> 00:08:27,632 scientific inspection, it was 216 00:08:27,632 --> 00:08:29,759 concluded that it was 217 00:08:29,759 --> 00:08:32,095 undoubtedly the artist's work, 218 00:08:32,095 --> 00:08:33,555 but they also discovered 219 00:08:33,555 --> 00:08:35,056 something strange and 220 00:08:35,056 --> 00:08:36,933 unexpected. 221 00:08:36,933 --> 00:08:38,560 When subjected to X rays, 222 00:08:38,560 --> 00:08:40,770 Leonardo's angel became 223 00:08:40,770 --> 00:08:43,648 invisible. 224 00:08:43,648 --> 00:08:44,774 >> SEAN ROBERTS: Verrocchio used 225 00:08:44,774 --> 00:08:45,942 a lead‐based paint for at least 226 00:08:45,942 --> 00:08:49,779 parts of his Virgin Mary. 227 00:08:49,779 --> 00:08:50,864 Leonardo, on the other hand, 228 00:08:50,864 --> 00:08:52,490 seems to have used, uh, rather 229 00:08:52,490 --> 00:08:53,700 different pigments. 230 00:08:53,700 --> 00:08:54,993 >> GIORGIO A. TSOUKALOS: 231 00:08:54,993 --> 00:08:57,162 Leonardo completed it using a 232 00:08:57,162 --> 00:08:59,080 non‐lead‐based paint, which is 233 00:08:59,080 --> 00:09:01,082 why, when looked at with certain 234 00:09:01,082 --> 00:09:03,626 X‐ray technology, Leonardo's 235 00:09:03,626 --> 00:09:06,504 angel disappears. 236 00:09:06,504 --> 00:09:09,591 Now, why would Leonardo, being 237 00:09:09,591 --> 00:09:11,593 the apprentice, finish his 238 00:09:11,593 --> 00:09:13,595 mentor's work with a different 239 00:09:13,595 --> 00:09:14,804 type of paint? 240 00:09:14,804 --> 00:09:17,140 And one possibility is that he 241 00:09:17,140 --> 00:09:19,642 was leaving some type of message 242 00:09:19,642 --> 00:09:22,437 because he was notorious for 243 00:09:22,437 --> 00:09:24,814 hiding things inside his 244 00:09:24,814 --> 00:09:26,775 own paintings. 245 00:09:29,903 --> 00:09:31,696 >> NARRATOR: Might Leonardo da 246 00:09:31,696 --> 00:09:33,531 Vinci really have painted the 247 00:09:33,531 --> 00:09:35,200 angel knowing he would be 248 00:09:35,200 --> 00:09:37,035 creating a secret message that 249 00:09:37,035 --> 00:09:38,286 wouldn't be discovered 250 00:09:38,286 --> 00:09:40,413 for 500 years? 251 00:09:40,413 --> 00:09:45,335 And if so, why? 252 00:09:45,335 --> 00:09:47,003 Some believe the answer may be 253 00:09:47,003 --> 00:09:48,171 found by examining the next 254 00:09:48,171 --> 00:09:49,631 phase of the legendary 255 00:09:49,631 --> 00:09:51,674 artist's life. 256 00:09:51,674 --> 00:09:53,134 >> DAVID CHILDRESS: From the 257 00:09:53,134 --> 00:09:57,222 years of 1476 to 1478, there is 258 00:09:57,222 --> 00:09:59,307 a gap in his life. 259 00:09:59,307 --> 00:10:01,309 We don't really know where he 260 00:10:01,309 --> 00:10:03,186 was or what he was doing in 261 00:10:03,186 --> 00:10:05,313 those years. 262 00:10:05,313 --> 00:10:06,523 >> BROWN: There are years in 263 00:10:06,523 --> 00:10:08,399 which he disappears from the 264 00:10:08,399 --> 00:10:09,859 historical account. 265 00:10:09,859 --> 00:10:11,402 There is a hiatus, and we don't 266 00:10:11,402 --> 00:10:13,571 know even what town he was 267 00:10:13,571 --> 00:10:15,323 living in, much less with whom 268 00:10:15,323 --> 00:10:16,741 he was working or what 269 00:10:16,741 --> 00:10:18,159 he was doing. 270 00:10:18,159 --> 00:10:19,452 >> NARRATOR: What could account 271 00:10:19,452 --> 00:10:21,287 for a man of Leonardo da Vinci's 272 00:10:21,287 --> 00:10:22,956 stature literally disappearing 273 00:10:22,956 --> 00:10:25,083 from all known historical 274 00:10:25,083 --> 00:10:27,210 records, especially when it was 275 00:10:27,210 --> 00:10:29,129 precisely during this period 276 00:10:29,129 --> 00:10:31,381 when he was just beginning to 277 00:10:31,381 --> 00:10:33,341 come into prominence? 278 00:10:33,341 --> 00:10:35,677 >> CHILDRESS: One possible 279 00:10:35,677 --> 00:10:38,763 scenario here is that during 280 00:10:38,763 --> 00:10:41,516 those years, Leonardo da Vinci 281 00:10:41,516 --> 00:10:45,353 was, in a sense, tutored by some 282 00:10:45,353 --> 00:10:48,314 special individuals; people who 283 00:10:48,314 --> 00:10:50,733 were showing him things that a 284 00:10:50,733 --> 00:10:52,861 normal person wouldn't 285 00:10:52,861 --> 00:10:54,821 necessarily have seen. 286 00:10:54,821 --> 00:10:57,448 Perhaps like the biblical 287 00:10:57,448 --> 00:10:59,784 prophet Enoch, he was even taken 288 00:10:59,784 --> 00:11:02,453 aboard a spaceship, and the 289 00:11:02,453 --> 00:11:04,831 aliens showed him Earth from 290 00:11:04,831 --> 00:11:06,791 above and gave him a concept of 291 00:11:06,791 --> 00:11:10,253 the cosmos and machines and 292 00:11:10,253 --> 00:11:12,255 inventions and of Earth that no 293 00:11:12,255 --> 00:11:17,135 one before him had ever had. 294 00:11:17,135 --> 00:11:18,970 >> NARRATOR: Is it really 295 00:11:18,970 --> 00:11:20,388 possible that Leonardo da Vinci 296 00:11:20,388 --> 00:11:22,432 had received guidance from 297 00:11:22,432 --> 00:11:24,726 extraterrestrial beings, as many 298 00:11:24,726 --> 00:11:26,394 ancient astronaut theorists 299 00:11:26,394 --> 00:11:28,229 contend? 300 00:11:28,229 --> 00:11:31,107 One fact is certain: that after 301 00:11:31,107 --> 00:11:32,942 Leonardo's return to Florence in 302 00:11:32,942 --> 00:11:36,196 1478, his creative output 303 00:11:36,196 --> 00:11:39,157 reached a whole new level, going 304 00:11:39,157 --> 00:11:41,242 beyond art and extending to 305 00:11:41,242 --> 00:11:44,204 numerous other disciplines. 306 00:11:44,204 --> 00:11:45,830 He would produce aerial maps of 307 00:11:45,830 --> 00:11:47,540 Italian cities with 308 00:11:47,540 --> 00:11:49,500 incredible accuracy. 309 00:11:49,500 --> 00:11:51,294 He would design and build the 310 00:11:51,294 --> 00:11:52,962 world's first self‐propelled 311 00:11:52,962 --> 00:11:54,005 vehicle. 312 00:11:54,005 --> 00:11:55,840 And he would invent machines 313 00:11:55,840 --> 00:11:58,301 years and even centuries 314 00:11:58,301 --> 00:12:00,011 ahead of their time. 315 00:12:00,011 --> 00:12:01,095 >> MORTON: There are some people 316 00:12:01,095 --> 00:12:02,430 that think that maybe there's an 317 00:12:02,430 --> 00:12:04,015 extraterrestrial influence to 318 00:12:04,015 --> 00:12:06,017 what he knew, because you have 319 00:12:06,017 --> 00:12:07,310 people throughout history who 320 00:12:07,310 --> 00:12:08,311 would magically, mysteriously 321 00:12:08,311 --> 00:12:09,771 come along every few hundred 322 00:12:09,771 --> 00:12:11,147 years or so, that then 323 00:12:11,147 --> 00:12:13,816 contribute to the fantastic 324 00:12:13,816 --> 00:12:15,818 advancements to the human race 325 00:12:15,818 --> 00:12:20,114 and the human species. 326 00:12:20,114 --> 00:12:21,574 >> NARRATOR: What was the secret 327 00:12:21,574 --> 00:12:22,867 behind Leonardo da Vinci's 328 00:12:22,867 --> 00:12:25,703 incredible burst of creativity? 329 00:12:25,703 --> 00:12:28,122 And why‐‐ during the age which 330 00:12:28,122 --> 00:12:29,624 gave rise to the likes of 331 00:12:29,624 --> 00:12:32,168 Copernicus, Michelangelo and 332 00:12:32,168 --> 00:12:35,171 Shakespeare‐‐ did da Vinci tower 333 00:12:35,171 --> 00:12:37,799 above his contemporaries? 334 00:12:37,799 --> 00:12:39,050 Ancient astronaut theorists 335 00:12:39,050 --> 00:12:41,511 believe answers may be found by 336 00:12:41,511 --> 00:12:45,306 examining Leonardo's paintings 337 00:12:45,306 --> 00:12:46,641 and the many secret messages 338 00:12:46,641 --> 00:12:48,643 that can be found hidden within 339 00:12:48,643 --> 00:12:50,770 his famous works of art. 340 00:12:56,651 --> 00:12:58,569 >> NARRATOR: The Vatican. 341 00:12:58,569 --> 00:13:00,238 Set within the fortified walls 342 00:13:00,238 --> 00:13:03,533 of a 110‐acre plot of land and 343 00:13:03,533 --> 00:13:05,535 surrounded by the city of Rome, 344 00:13:05,535 --> 00:13:07,620 it is the smallest independent 345 00:13:07,620 --> 00:13:11,207 nation state in the world. 346 00:13:11,207 --> 00:13:14,002 And it was here from 1513 to 347 00:13:14,002 --> 00:13:17,171 1516 that Leonardo da Vinci 348 00:13:17,171 --> 00:13:19,340 began performing an act that‐‐ 349 00:13:19,340 --> 00:13:21,342 during the time‐‐ was a crime 350 00:13:21,342 --> 00:13:24,220 punishable by death: 351 00:13:24,220 --> 00:13:27,098 the dissection of human corpses. 352 00:13:29,142 --> 00:13:31,144 >> HARRIS: Leonardo was brought 353 00:13:31,144 --> 00:13:32,353 from Milan to the 354 00:13:32,353 --> 00:13:34,897 Vatican to paint. 355 00:13:34,897 --> 00:13:36,357 But because the Vatican had 356 00:13:36,357 --> 00:13:39,193 these great catacombic depths, 357 00:13:39,193 --> 00:13:40,778 they were very cool places, and 358 00:13:40,778 --> 00:13:44,824 so you could dissect a body 359 00:13:44,824 --> 00:13:47,285 without losing it to 360 00:13:47,285 --> 00:13:50,830 decomposition. 361 00:13:50,830 --> 00:13:53,791 A number of autopsies we know 362 00:13:53,791 --> 00:13:55,585 were performed in the Vatican 363 00:13:55,585 --> 00:13:57,920 under the nose of the Pope, 364 00:13:57,920 --> 00:13:59,630 who‐‐ policy of the Catholic 365 00:13:59,630 --> 00:14:03,551 Church‐‐ was to forbid that. 366 00:14:03,551 --> 00:14:06,179 >> COPPENS: Da Vinci stops at 367 00:14:06,179 --> 00:14:07,722 nothing to find out about the 368 00:14:07,722 --> 00:14:08,890 human body. 369 00:14:08,890 --> 00:14:12,518 He buys dead bodies even though 370 00:14:12,518 --> 00:14:14,187 there is a penalty of death on 371 00:14:14,187 --> 00:14:15,438 doing the things he is doing. 372 00:14:15,438 --> 00:14:16,814 It's like he cannot stop 373 00:14:16,814 --> 00:14:18,858 himself. 374 00:14:18,858 --> 00:14:20,818 He needs to know. 375 00:14:20,818 --> 00:14:22,653 Da Vinci has this extraordinary 376 00:14:22,653 --> 00:14:25,114 drive to know and understand 377 00:14:25,114 --> 00:14:26,616 despite the fact that it 378 00:14:26,616 --> 00:14:28,659 might kill him. 379 00:14:28,659 --> 00:14:30,620 >> NARRATOR: In his 36 months at 380 00:14:30,620 --> 00:14:32,997 the Vatican, Leonardo da Vinci 381 00:14:32,997 --> 00:14:35,291 documented dozens of dissections 382 00:14:35,291 --> 00:14:37,293 with incredible detail. 383 00:14:37,293 --> 00:14:39,504 But to keep his work secret, his 384 00:14:39,504 --> 00:14:41,255 notes on human anatomy were 385 00:14:41,255 --> 00:14:44,634 recorded in code using a device 386 00:14:44,634 --> 00:14:47,428 known as mirror writing. 387 00:14:52,308 --> 00:14:53,559 >> WALLACE: We know from early 388 00:14:53,559 --> 00:14:55,937 in his life Leonardo adopted 389 00:14:55,937 --> 00:14:58,272 mirror writing. 390 00:14:58,272 --> 00:14:59,816 At a later point in his career 391 00:14:59,816 --> 00:15:01,317 it also served his purposes. 392 00:15:01,317 --> 00:15:02,652 >> HARRIS: Mirror writing is 393 00:15:02,652 --> 00:15:04,362 writing backwards. 394 00:15:04,362 --> 00:15:06,322 Why did Leonardo do it? 395 00:15:06,322 --> 00:15:07,907 He wrote backwards so prying 396 00:15:07,907 --> 00:15:09,534 eyes couldn't see what 397 00:15:09,534 --> 00:15:11,410 he was writing. 398 00:15:11,410 --> 00:15:12,703 >> CHILDRESS: He realized that 399 00:15:12,703 --> 00:15:14,539 the things that he was working 400 00:15:14,539 --> 00:15:17,959 on, including various inventions 401 00:15:17,959 --> 00:15:20,294 and even anatomy, were something 402 00:15:20,294 --> 00:15:21,295 that the Church would not 403 00:15:21,295 --> 00:15:22,296 approve of. 404 00:15:22,296 --> 00:15:24,298 So he had to do these things, 405 00:15:24,298 --> 00:15:26,968 uh, in secret, and he knew that 406 00:15:26,968 --> 00:15:27,969 it was dangerous. 407 00:15:27,969 --> 00:15:29,470 >> TSOUKALOS: Da Vinci 408 00:15:29,470 --> 00:15:31,472 implemented mirror writing in 409 00:15:31,472 --> 00:15:33,808 all of his creations and he most 410 00:15:33,808 --> 00:15:36,269 certainly was not playing games 411 00:15:36,269 --> 00:15:37,478 when he did this. 412 00:15:37,478 --> 00:15:40,148 It was in order to preserve the 413 00:15:40,148 --> 00:15:43,025 knowledge that he had gained 414 00:15:43,025 --> 00:15:47,071 from the uneducated masses. 415 00:15:47,071 --> 00:15:49,365 >> NARRATOR: But why was Da 416 00:15:49,365 --> 00:15:50,741 Vinci so obsessed with the 417 00:15:50,741 --> 00:15:53,119 workings of the human body? 418 00:15:53,119 --> 00:15:54,412 What secret and forbidden 419 00:15:54,412 --> 00:15:56,080 knowledge was he trying to 420 00:15:56,080 --> 00:16:00,376 uncover or reveal? 421 00:16:00,376 --> 00:16:04,046 Florence, Italy, 1503. 422 00:16:04,046 --> 00:16:05,923 Leonardo da Vinci begins work on 423 00:16:05,923 --> 00:16:07,341 a portrait commissioned by a 424 00:16:07,341 --> 00:16:08,676 wealthy silk merchant for his 425 00:16:08,676 --> 00:16:11,053 wife, but it is a painting he 426 00:16:11,053 --> 00:16:14,056 will never part with, obsessing 427 00:16:14,056 --> 00:16:16,309 over every detail for what would 428 00:16:16,309 --> 00:16:18,853 be the last 16 years of his 429 00:16:18,853 --> 00:16:21,564 life‐‐ the Mona Lisa. 430 00:16:21,564 --> 00:16:23,733 >> WALLACE: It is only a 431 00:16:23,733 --> 00:16:25,735 portrait and yet it seems to 432 00:16:25,735 --> 00:16:28,946 have dimensions and mysteries 433 00:16:28,946 --> 00:16:32,992 that have yet to be explained. 434 00:16:32,992 --> 00:16:34,785 >> ROBERTS: The Mona Lisa's 435 00:16:34,785 --> 00:16:37,747 smile is not the kind of smile 436 00:16:37,747 --> 00:16:39,749 that we tend to see in 437 00:16:39,749 --> 00:16:41,083 portraits. 438 00:16:41,083 --> 00:16:42,376 She seems to know something that 439 00:16:42,376 --> 00:16:44,420 we don't. 440 00:16:44,420 --> 00:16:46,631 >> KEMP: What starts as a 441 00:16:46,631 --> 00:16:48,633 portrait, a representation of a 442 00:16:48,633 --> 00:16:50,426 woman, turns into something 443 00:16:50,426 --> 00:16:51,427 quite different. 444 00:16:51,427 --> 00:16:53,346 It turns into a kind of 445 00:16:53,346 --> 00:16:55,348 philosophical meditation on all 446 00:16:55,348 --> 00:16:57,600 his intellectual concerns. 447 00:16:57,600 --> 00:16:59,727 >> NARRATOR: What was it about 448 00:16:59,727 --> 00:17:01,354 the Mona Lisa that would so 449 00:17:01,354 --> 00:17:03,397 consume the final years of 450 00:17:03,397 --> 00:17:06,067 Leonardo da Vinci's life? 451 00:17:06,067 --> 00:17:07,777 And why would he dedicate so 452 00:17:07,777 --> 00:17:10,154 much of his time to a single 453 00:17:10,154 --> 00:17:11,656 20‐by‐30‐inch portrait? 454 00:17:11,656 --> 00:17:14,116 >> WALLACE: There are a lot of 455 00:17:14,116 --> 00:17:15,493 theories that Leonardo has 456 00:17:15,493 --> 00:17:16,827 secret symbols and secret 457 00:17:16,827 --> 00:17:19,038 messages in his paintings. 458 00:17:19,038 --> 00:17:20,831 Everything he's doing he's 459 00:17:20,831 --> 00:17:22,458 rethinking even traditional 460 00:17:22,458 --> 00:17:23,918 subjects in the very beginning 461 00:17:23,918 --> 00:17:25,836 and really imagining them in new 462 00:17:25,836 --> 00:17:28,798 and creative ways. 463 00:17:28,798 --> 00:17:30,633 >> NARRATOR: All his life 464 00:17:30,633 --> 00:17:32,468 Leonardo da Vinci incorporated a 465 00:17:32,468 --> 00:17:35,388 technique called mirror writing. 466 00:17:35,388 --> 00:17:37,890 Is it possible that he also used 467 00:17:37,890 --> 00:17:39,392 a similar technique in his 468 00:17:39,392 --> 00:17:41,769 artwork, leaving hidden messages 469 00:17:41,769 --> 00:17:43,563 that can only be revealed with 470 00:17:43,563 --> 00:17:45,856 the use of mirrors? 471 00:17:45,856 --> 00:17:47,858 >> COPPENS: The mirror is 472 00:17:47,858 --> 00:17:49,652 something which defines him. 473 00:17:49,652 --> 00:17:52,530 And so, the possibility that he 474 00:17:52,530 --> 00:17:54,991 was also using the mirror as an 475 00:17:54,991 --> 00:17:57,076 unknown dimension whereby he 476 00:17:57,076 --> 00:17:59,328 needs to have the mirror to see 477 00:17:59,328 --> 00:18:00,496 certain things within his 478 00:18:00,496 --> 00:18:02,039 paintings is definitely 479 00:18:02,039 --> 00:18:03,541 something which I think we need 480 00:18:03,541 --> 00:18:04,542 to explore. 481 00:18:04,542 --> 00:18:06,210 >> NARRATOR: At Northeastern 482 00:18:06,210 --> 00:18:07,795 University in Boston, 483 00:18:07,795 --> 00:18:10,464 Massachusetts, graphic designer 484 00:18:10,464 --> 00:18:12,508 Terrence Masson uses computer 485 00:18:12,508 --> 00:18:14,468 technology to search for hidden 486 00:18:14,468 --> 00:18:16,095 messages in Leonardo's 487 00:18:16,095 --> 00:18:18,139 masterworks. 488 00:18:18,139 --> 00:18:19,432 >> TERRENCE MASSON: We know that 489 00:18:19,432 --> 00:18:21,851 he was insatiably curious about 490 00:18:21,851 --> 00:18:24,270 reflections and refractions and 491 00:18:24,270 --> 00:18:25,813 optics and the human anatomy of 492 00:18:25,813 --> 00:18:28,024 the eye, and how that mirrored 493 00:18:28,024 --> 00:18:30,318 reflections of conical‐shaped 494 00:18:30,318 --> 00:18:32,778 mirrors. 495 00:18:32,778 --> 00:18:34,530 >> NARRATOR: Is it possible 496 00:18:34,530 --> 00:18:36,282 that Leonardo applied his mirror 497 00:18:36,282 --> 00:18:38,034 technique to hide secret 498 00:18:38,034 --> 00:18:40,620 messages in the Mona Lisa? 499 00:18:40,620 --> 00:18:43,873 But if so, why? 500 00:18:43,873 --> 00:18:45,750 >> MASSON: Here's our classic 501 00:18:45,750 --> 00:18:46,959 Mona Lisa. 502 00:18:46,959 --> 00:18:49,211 Leonardo's portraiture always 503 00:18:49,211 --> 00:18:50,713 has very dramatic hand 504 00:18:50,713 --> 00:18:52,173 positioning. 505 00:18:52,173 --> 00:18:55,718 His hand position was a clue to 506 00:18:55,718 --> 00:18:57,303 the access points of rotation 507 00:18:57,303 --> 00:18:59,013 of the mirror. 508 00:18:59,013 --> 00:19:02,016 So if we try this, what will we 509 00:19:02,016 --> 00:19:03,017 see? 510 00:19:03,017 --> 00:19:03,976 (taps keys) 511 00:19:07,521 --> 00:19:08,606 >> NARRATOR: Is this 512 00:19:08,606 --> 00:19:10,524 helmet‐shaped creature simply 513 00:19:10,524 --> 00:19:13,736 the product of a parlor trick? 514 00:19:13,736 --> 00:19:16,113 If so, then why can a similar 515 00:19:16,113 --> 00:19:17,907 creature be seen in another 516 00:19:17,907 --> 00:19:20,576 famous painting by da Vinci: 517 00:19:20,576 --> 00:19:23,996 Virgin and Child with St. Anne? 518 00:19:23,996 --> 00:19:25,998 >> MASSON: Well, this painting‐‐ 519 00:19:25,998 --> 00:19:27,583 Virgin of the Rocks‐‐ we always 520 00:19:27,583 --> 00:19:28,793 notice the dramatic hand poses 521 00:19:28,793 --> 00:19:30,044 of Leonardo. 522 00:19:30,044 --> 00:19:31,587 Is that giving us a hint about 523 00:19:31,587 --> 00:19:32,755 where to put the reflective 524 00:19:32,755 --> 00:19:33,964 plane? 525 00:19:33,964 --> 00:19:35,549 So, we're in a 3‐D environment 526 00:19:35,549 --> 00:19:36,592 here. 527 00:19:36,592 --> 00:19:37,927 We can do anything we want. 528 00:19:37,927 --> 00:19:40,471 We just make a little duplicate. 529 00:19:48,896 --> 00:19:51,273 That's a little spooky. 530 00:19:51,273 --> 00:19:53,401 So, interesting similarity to 531 00:19:53,401 --> 00:19:55,152 what we did with the Mona Lisa, 532 00:19:55,152 --> 00:19:57,113 right? 533 00:19:57,113 --> 00:19:59,198 We've got something close to 534 00:19:59,198 --> 00:20:00,449 modern understanding of alien 535 00:20:00,449 --> 00:20:03,953 heads. 536 00:20:06,455 --> 00:20:07,623 >> NARRATOR: Could there really 537 00:20:07,623 --> 00:20:08,999 be hidden messages in Leonardo 538 00:20:08,999 --> 00:20:11,127 da Vinci's paintings? 539 00:20:11,127 --> 00:20:12,336 Messages that reveal the 540 00:20:12,336 --> 00:20:13,796 artist's connection to 541 00:20:13,796 --> 00:20:16,590 otherworldly beings? 542 00:20:16,590 --> 00:20:18,134 And why was the artist so 543 00:20:18,134 --> 00:20:19,635 obsessed with dissecting the 544 00:20:19,635 --> 00:20:21,595 human form? 545 00:20:21,595 --> 00:20:24,598 Was it for purposes of his art? 546 00:20:24,598 --> 00:20:27,226 Or was there another, more 547 00:20:27,226 --> 00:20:30,062 extraterrestrial reason? 548 00:20:30,062 --> 00:20:32,606 Perhaps the answer can be found 549 00:20:32,606 --> 00:20:34,984 by examining the work of other 550 00:20:34,984 --> 00:20:38,738 artists during the Renaissance. 551 00:20:42,992 --> 00:20:45,035 (bell tolling) 552 00:20:45,035 --> 00:20:47,997 >> NARRATOR: London, England. 553 00:20:47,997 --> 00:20:49,999 Housed here, in the British 554 00:20:49,999 --> 00:20:52,668 Library, is Leonardo da Vinci's 555 00:20:52,668 --> 00:20:56,130 Codex Arundel, a collection of 556 00:20:56,130 --> 00:21:00,301 283 papers containing drawings, 557 00:21:00,301 --> 00:21:04,930 inventions, thoughts and 558 00:21:04,930 --> 00:21:06,515 writings covering numerous 559 00:21:06,515 --> 00:21:07,975 scientific and creative 560 00:21:07,975 --> 00:21:10,478 disciplines. 561 00:21:10,478 --> 00:21:11,771 >> KEMP: Leonardo is quite 562 00:21:11,771 --> 00:21:13,189 well‐documented compared with 563 00:21:13,189 --> 00:21:15,191 most artists of the time. 564 00:21:15,191 --> 00:21:16,692 We've got thousands and 565 00:21:16,692 --> 00:21:18,986 thousands of pages of writing, 566 00:21:18,986 --> 00:21:20,529 which tell us a lot about what 567 00:21:20,529 --> 00:21:23,199 he's thinking about, but there's 568 00:21:23,199 --> 00:21:25,034 almost no personal record, 569 00:21:25,034 --> 00:21:26,243 interestingly. 570 00:21:26,243 --> 00:21:27,411 Leonardo is quite a private 571 00:21:27,411 --> 00:21:29,371 figure in that respect. 572 00:21:29,371 --> 00:21:30,581 >> NARRATOR: Found among 573 00:21:30,581 --> 00:21:33,334 Leonardo's papers were a few 574 00:21:33,334 --> 00:21:35,211 personal anecdotes, composed 575 00:21:35,211 --> 00:21:36,670 just after his two‐year 576 00:21:36,670 --> 00:21:39,840 disappearance between 1476 and 577 00:21:39,840 --> 00:21:43,969 1478. 578 00:21:43,969 --> 00:21:46,222 In one account, the artist 579 00:21:46,222 --> 00:21:48,224 details his youthful adventure 580 00:21:48,224 --> 00:21:50,184 encountering a vast, mysterious 581 00:21:50,184 --> 00:21:51,393 cave. 582 00:21:51,393 --> 00:21:53,020 >> ROBERTS: He describes being 583 00:21:53,020 --> 00:21:56,023 on the edge of this dark cave, 584 00:21:56,023 --> 00:21:58,859 and saying that he felt 585 00:21:58,859 --> 00:22:00,861 terrified by the darkness 586 00:22:00,861 --> 00:22:02,071 of that cave and what 587 00:22:02,071 --> 00:22:04,907 might be within it. 588 00:22:04,907 --> 00:22:06,450 On the other hand, he felt a 589 00:22:06,450 --> 00:22:08,911 certain desire to try to 590 00:22:08,911 --> 00:22:11,121 understand what was in there. 591 00:22:11,121 --> 00:22:12,498 >> TSOUKALOS: Some have 592 00:22:12,498 --> 00:22:14,333 speculated that this 593 00:22:14,333 --> 00:22:15,626 incident occurred around the 594 00:22:15,626 --> 00:22:18,045 same time in his childhood as 595 00:22:18,045 --> 00:22:19,296 when he fashioned his famous 596 00:22:19,296 --> 00:22:20,756 shield with the head of the 597 00:22:20,756 --> 00:22:24,802 monstrous Medusa on it. 598 00:22:24,802 --> 00:22:28,222 So the question is, what exactly 599 00:22:28,222 --> 00:22:33,018 did Leonardo find in this cave? 600 00:22:33,018 --> 00:22:34,728 We can assume that this was a 601 00:22:34,728 --> 00:22:36,605 very significant event in his 602 00:22:36,605 --> 00:22:38,649 life, because it made a strong 603 00:22:38,649 --> 00:22:40,109 enough impression on him to 604 00:22:40,109 --> 00:22:43,237 write it down as one of the few 605 00:22:43,237 --> 00:22:45,072 autobiographical notes he ever 606 00:22:45,072 --> 00:22:49,410 made. 607 00:22:49,410 --> 00:22:50,703 >> NARRATOR: Why did Leonardo da 608 00:22:50,703 --> 00:22:53,497 Vinci, a man who wrote almost 609 00:22:53,497 --> 00:22:55,165 nothing of his personal life, 610 00:22:55,165 --> 00:22:57,334 choose to write about this cave 611 00:22:57,334 --> 00:22:59,086 as one of the first entries in 612 00:22:59,086 --> 00:23:01,630 his journal? 613 00:23:01,630 --> 00:23:03,632 And why was his experience with 614 00:23:03,632 --> 00:23:07,219 the cave so important to him? 615 00:23:10,806 --> 00:23:12,474 Some ancient astronaut theorists 616 00:23:12,474 --> 00:23:15,060 believe that several of the 617 00:23:15,060 --> 00:23:16,729 artist's paintings and drawings 618 00:23:16,729 --> 00:23:19,106 provide evidence that da Vinci 619 00:23:19,106 --> 00:23:20,774 may have had an extraterrestrial 620 00:23:20,774 --> 00:23:23,152 encounter. 621 00:23:23,152 --> 00:23:24,278 >> ROBERTS: One of the things 622 00:23:24,278 --> 00:23:26,447 that we see in the grotesque 623 00:23:26,447 --> 00:23:28,490 heads is a fairly marked 624 00:23:28,490 --> 00:23:30,993 departure from the natural 625 00:23:30,993 --> 00:23:32,870 appearance of the human body, 626 00:23:32,870 --> 00:23:35,372 the human face, even in its 627 00:23:35,372 --> 00:23:38,876 most extreme manifestation. 628 00:23:38,876 --> 00:23:40,127 >> KEMP: Visually, the works are 629 00:23:40,127 --> 00:23:41,211 so compelling. 630 00:23:41,211 --> 00:23:42,838 They're often slightly creepy. 631 00:23:42,838 --> 00:23:44,548 They've got this very strange 632 00:23:44,548 --> 00:23:46,926 presence to them. 633 00:23:46,926 --> 00:23:49,386 >> YOUNG: They are misshapen 634 00:23:49,386 --> 00:23:51,430 faces, elongated skulls, 635 00:23:51,430 --> 00:23:54,934 flattened faces. 636 00:23:54,934 --> 00:23:58,103 Very eerie, troubling, monstrous 637 00:23:58,103 --> 00:23:59,521 images. 638 00:23:59,521 --> 00:24:02,524 Now this is an artist known for 639 00:24:02,524 --> 00:24:05,152 careful, realistic depiction of 640 00:24:05,152 --> 00:24:09,698 what he was looking at, which 641 00:24:09,698 --> 00:24:11,200 raises the question‐‐ what in 642 00:24:11,200 --> 00:24:13,911 the world was he looking at? 643 00:24:13,911 --> 00:24:16,205 Did he actually encounter 644 00:24:16,205 --> 00:24:17,414 creatures that looked like this? 645 00:24:17,414 --> 00:24:21,418 They're very, very strange. 646 00:24:21,418 --> 00:24:23,253 >> NARRATOR: Are Leonardo's 647 00:24:23,253 --> 00:24:25,839 grotesque heads simply products 648 00:24:25,839 --> 00:24:27,341 of the artist's creative 649 00:24:27,341 --> 00:24:29,176 imagination? 650 00:24:29,176 --> 00:24:31,178 Or might they be evidence of Da 651 00:24:31,178 --> 00:24:33,138 Vinci's encounters with 652 00:24:33,138 --> 00:24:37,226 otherworldly beings? 653 00:24:37,226 --> 00:24:39,645 According to historical records, 654 00:24:39,645 --> 00:24:41,188 there were, during the 655 00:24:41,188 --> 00:24:43,190 Renaissance, a large number of 656 00:24:43,190 --> 00:24:45,359 unexplained phenomena seen in 657 00:24:45,359 --> 00:24:47,236 the skies over parts of Europe 658 00:24:47,236 --> 00:24:51,198 and Asia. 659 00:24:51,198 --> 00:24:52,825 During the siege of 660 00:24:52,825 --> 00:24:57,663 Constantinople in 1453, soldiers 661 00:24:57,663 --> 00:24:59,957 reported that a fire descended 662 00:24:59,957 --> 00:25:02,459 upon them from the sky. 663 00:25:02,459 --> 00:25:07,047 In 1458, a giant moon‐like disc 664 00:25:07,047 --> 00:25:08,298 was seen soaring above the 665 00:25:08,298 --> 00:25:10,926 landscape in Japan. 666 00:25:10,926 --> 00:25:14,179 And in 1492, during Christopher 667 00:25:14,179 --> 00:25:16,181 Columbus' epic journey across 668 00:25:16,181 --> 00:25:19,393 the Atlantic, weird lights were 669 00:25:19,393 --> 00:25:21,812 seen floating above the ocean. 670 00:25:21,812 --> 00:25:23,313 >> COPPENS: Just before 671 00:25:23,313 --> 00:25:25,232 Christopher Columbus reaches the 672 00:25:25,232 --> 00:25:28,444 New World, he sees anomalous 673 00:25:28,444 --> 00:25:30,446 lights in the sky, and he 674 00:25:30,446 --> 00:25:35,367 reports them. 675 00:25:35,367 --> 00:25:38,495 People see them from his ship. 676 00:25:38,495 --> 00:25:40,330 These lights cannot be 677 00:25:40,330 --> 00:25:43,292 explained. 678 00:25:43,292 --> 00:25:44,918 >> CHILDRESS: Some ancient UFO 679 00:25:44,918 --> 00:25:48,422 was seemingly guiding Columbus' 680 00:25:48,422 --> 00:25:51,800 ships to the New World. 681 00:25:51,800 --> 00:25:53,927 So here we may well have ancient 682 00:25:53,927 --> 00:25:56,889 aliens making sure that Columbus 683 00:25:56,889 --> 00:25:59,975 would do something so important 684 00:25:59,975 --> 00:26:02,436 as discovering the New World. 685 00:26:02,436 --> 00:26:03,645 >> NARRATOR: Might Leonardo da 686 00:26:03,645 --> 00:26:06,482 Vinci have been aware of the 687 00:26:06,482 --> 00:26:07,649 sightings of these early UFO 688 00:26:07,649 --> 00:26:10,319 sightings? 689 00:26:10,319 --> 00:26:11,528 Ancient astronaut theorists 690 00:26:11,528 --> 00:26:13,280 believe the answer is a 691 00:26:13,280 --> 00:26:17,534 profound yes and point to even 692 00:26:17,534 --> 00:26:19,328 greater evidence that can be 693 00:26:19,328 --> 00:26:21,330 found by studying the works of 694 00:26:21,330 --> 00:26:25,542 other Renaissance artists. 695 00:26:25,542 --> 00:26:26,835 >> COPPENS: In the Renaissance 696 00:26:26,835 --> 00:26:28,295 period, what we see is this 697 00:26:28,295 --> 00:26:29,797 extraordinary explosion of 698 00:26:29,797 --> 00:26:33,008 paintings which show anomalies 699 00:26:33,008 --> 00:26:34,676 in the background, anomalies 700 00:26:34,676 --> 00:26:37,012 which today we identify as UFOs. 701 00:26:40,307 --> 00:26:41,809 >> TSOUKALOS: There are 702 00:26:41,809 --> 00:26:43,018 paintings that depict something 703 00:26:43,018 --> 00:26:46,688 very odd in the sky, depictions 704 00:26:46,688 --> 00:26:50,692 of UFOs, of strange orbs, 705 00:26:50,692 --> 00:26:55,572 or rays coming out of the sky, 706 00:26:55,572 --> 00:26:58,200 or falling stars with people 707 00:26:58,200 --> 00:27:00,494 sitting inside of them. 708 00:27:02,913 --> 00:27:04,540 >> NARRATOR: Why would 15th 709 00:27:04,540 --> 00:27:05,916 century artists depict 710 00:27:05,916 --> 00:27:08,043 mysterious objects in paintings 711 00:27:08,043 --> 00:27:11,338 of biblical scenes? 712 00:27:11,338 --> 00:27:12,714 Were they trying to communicate 713 00:27:12,714 --> 00:27:14,550 something about the origin of 714 00:27:14,550 --> 00:27:16,760 Christianity? 715 00:27:16,760 --> 00:27:18,846 Or could these otherworldly 716 00:27:18,846 --> 00:27:21,390 images be linked to the numerous 717 00:27:21,390 --> 00:27:22,808 sightings of bizarre flying 718 00:27:22,808 --> 00:27:25,269 objects in the sky? 719 00:27:28,772 --> 00:27:30,357 At Northeastern University, 720 00:27:30,357 --> 00:27:33,569 researcher Terrence Masson 721 00:27:33,569 --> 00:27:35,362 examines the strange images 722 00:27:35,362 --> 00:27:40,242 found in Renaissance paintings. 723 00:27:40,242 --> 00:27:41,451 >> TERRENCE MASSON: One specific 724 00:27:41,451 --> 00:27:42,786 example, The Baptism of Christ 725 00:27:42,786 --> 00:27:45,205 by Gelder, is just bizarre. 726 00:27:47,833 --> 00:27:49,585 So many other examples can be 727 00:27:49,585 --> 00:27:50,711 explained by different 728 00:27:50,711 --> 00:27:51,920 iconography, graphic 729 00:27:51,920 --> 00:27:53,380 representations of angels in 730 00:27:53,380 --> 00:27:54,590 clouds and lights, but if you 731 00:27:54,590 --> 00:27:55,924 look at this painting, it's just 732 00:27:55,924 --> 00:27:58,635 a solid, shiny disk with four 733 00:27:58,635 --> 00:28:01,763 laser beams shining down at the 734 00:28:01,763 --> 00:28:04,141 Christ child. 735 00:28:07,394 --> 00:28:08,437 A specific example is The 736 00:28:08,437 --> 00:28:10,147 Madonna with Saint Giovannino. 737 00:28:10,147 --> 00:28:12,149 You look at this, and it's not 738 00:28:12,149 --> 00:28:14,401 one of those that is easily 739 00:28:14,401 --> 00:28:15,652 explained away as being a 740 00:28:15,652 --> 00:28:17,112 literal interpretation of an 741 00:28:17,112 --> 00:28:18,155 angel in the cloud, for 742 00:28:18,155 --> 00:28:19,239 instance. 743 00:28:19,239 --> 00:28:20,657 So, the striking feature of this 744 00:28:20,657 --> 00:28:22,451 is what is that, exactly, in the 745 00:28:22,451 --> 00:28:24,661 sky? 746 00:28:24,661 --> 00:28:27,664 See if I can get a little close. 747 00:28:27,664 --> 00:28:30,083 Zoom in. 748 00:28:33,170 --> 00:28:34,421 And we can see it's clearly 749 00:28:34,421 --> 00:28:35,422 something. 750 00:28:35,422 --> 00:28:36,465 It's not a mistake. 751 00:28:36,465 --> 00:28:37,507 It's not a blemish. 752 00:28:37,507 --> 00:28:38,508 It was obviously painted there. 753 00:28:38,508 --> 00:28:40,177 You can see the brushstrokes, 754 00:28:40,177 --> 00:28:41,595 uh, even more so now that the 755 00:28:41,595 --> 00:28:43,430 composition of the painting 756 00:28:43,430 --> 00:28:44,598 shows our shepherd shielding his 757 00:28:44,598 --> 00:28:45,933 eyes. 758 00:28:45,933 --> 00:28:47,100 It's definitely not an angel or 759 00:28:47,100 --> 00:28:48,101 a cloud. 760 00:28:48,101 --> 00:28:49,144 Something is flying, and it's 761 00:28:49,144 --> 00:28:51,438 unidentified, so when pressed, 762 00:28:51,438 --> 00:28:53,440 we have a 16th century painting 763 00:28:53,440 --> 00:28:55,817 of a UFO. 764 00:28:55,817 --> 00:28:57,152 >> CHILDRESS: It's as if the 765 00:28:57,152 --> 00:28:59,154 painter is trying to depict some 766 00:28:59,154 --> 00:29:01,865 divine messenger, and those 767 00:29:01,865 --> 00:29:05,202 depictions, apparently, are of 768 00:29:05,202 --> 00:29:07,496 UFOs, and here we have the 769 00:29:07,496 --> 00:29:09,498 Renaissance painters, basically, 770 00:29:09,498 --> 00:29:14,461 bringing us Jesus and a UFO 771 00:29:14,461 --> 00:29:17,005 together in the same painting. 772 00:29:17,005 --> 00:29:18,840 During the Renaissance, people 773 00:29:18,840 --> 00:29:22,010 like Da Vinci may well have had 774 00:29:22,010 --> 00:29:25,681 knowledge of extraterrestrials. 775 00:29:25,681 --> 00:29:27,140 >> NARRATOR: Might the 776 00:29:27,140 --> 00:29:28,976 mysterious images in Renaissance 777 00:29:28,976 --> 00:29:30,769 paintings be evidence that 778 00:29:30,769 --> 00:29:32,688 Leonardo and his contemporaries 779 00:29:32,688 --> 00:29:34,481 had encounters with 780 00:29:34,481 --> 00:29:36,858 extraterrestrial beings during 781 00:29:36,858 --> 00:29:40,487 the 15th century? 782 00:29:40,487 --> 00:29:41,697 For the answer, ancient 783 00:29:41,697 --> 00:29:45,075 astronaut theorists turn not to 784 00:29:45,075 --> 00:29:47,119 Da Vinci's artwork but to his 785 00:29:47,119 --> 00:29:50,330 incredible inventions. 786 00:29:56,211 --> 00:29:57,254 >> NARRATOR: The Boeing AH‐64 787 00:29:57,254 --> 00:29:59,756 Apache helicopter. 788 00:29:59,756 --> 00:30:01,758 This four‐blade, twin‐engine 789 00:30:01,758 --> 00:30:04,553 attack aircraft has a top speed 790 00:30:04,553 --> 00:30:07,764 of 192 miles per hour 791 00:30:07,764 --> 00:30:10,100 and can reach heights of 21,000 792 00:30:10,100 --> 00:30:12,102 feet. 793 00:30:12,102 --> 00:30:14,271 It is also able to fly just a 794 00:30:14,271 --> 00:30:16,440 few feet above the ground in an 795 00:30:16,440 --> 00:30:20,777 effort to avoid radar detection. 796 00:30:20,777 --> 00:30:22,070 But even more amazing than this 797 00:30:22,070 --> 00:30:24,197 modern‐day aerial marvel is the 798 00:30:24,197 --> 00:30:27,242 fact that its construction may 799 00:30:27,242 --> 00:30:29,077 have never been possible without 800 00:30:29,077 --> 00:30:30,912 the designs for vertical flight 801 00:30:30,912 --> 00:30:33,331 first drawn up by Leonardo 802 00:30:33,331 --> 00:30:37,461 da Vinci nearly 500 years ago. 803 00:30:40,464 --> 00:30:42,924 >> MORTON: The helicopter, 804 00:30:42,924 --> 00:30:44,092 the airplane, 805 00:30:44,092 --> 00:30:46,803 the submarine, 806 00:30:46,803 --> 00:30:48,180 all of these were Leonardo 807 00:30:48,180 --> 00:30:50,265 da Vinci's concepts. 808 00:30:50,265 --> 00:30:51,767 He invented all of the modern 809 00:30:51,767 --> 00:30:52,768 weapons that we're actually 810 00:30:52,768 --> 00:30:55,812 using today. 811 00:30:55,812 --> 00:30:57,814 If we had developed the various 812 00:30:57,814 --> 00:31:00,067 ideas, concepts, and scientific 813 00:31:00,067 --> 00:31:01,443 discoveries of Leonardo da 814 00:31:01,443 --> 00:31:02,861 Vinci, there is an argument to 815 00:31:02,861 --> 00:31:04,112 be made that we, possibly, could 816 00:31:04,112 --> 00:31:05,530 have landed somebody on the moon 817 00:31:05,530 --> 00:31:07,783 in about the 1800s. 818 00:31:10,243 --> 00:31:11,870 >> BROWN: He was 500 years 819 00:31:11,870 --> 00:31:13,163 before his time, and many of his 820 00:31:13,163 --> 00:31:15,082 devices could not have been 821 00:31:15,082 --> 00:31:18,168 constructed during his time. 822 00:31:18,168 --> 00:31:20,545 They didn't have the technology. 823 00:31:22,881 --> 00:31:24,091 >> NARRATOR: One design of 824 00:31:24,091 --> 00:31:25,842 Leonardo's that the inventor was 825 00:31:25,842 --> 00:31:27,094 actually able to realize during 826 00:31:27,094 --> 00:31:29,971 his lifetime was this one: the 827 00:31:29,971 --> 00:31:31,640 world's first fully functional 828 00:31:31,640 --> 00:31:33,809 robot. 829 00:31:33,809 --> 00:31:36,269 In 1517, at the famous Château 830 00:31:36,269 --> 00:31:38,855 du Clos Lucé in Amboise, France, 831 00:31:38,855 --> 00:31:41,233 65‐year‐old Leonardo da Vinci 832 00:31:41,233 --> 00:31:44,111 presented King Francis I with a 833 00:31:44,111 --> 00:31:46,613 gift in the form of a full‐sized 834 00:31:46,613 --> 00:31:48,365 mechanical lion. 835 00:31:48,365 --> 00:31:50,033 (roaring) 836 00:31:50,033 --> 00:31:51,910 Like the replica that exists 837 00:31:51,910 --> 00:31:53,495 today in the Château museum, the 838 00:31:53,495 --> 00:31:55,539 mechanical lion could move 839 00:31:55,539 --> 00:31:58,125 independently and was able to 840 00:31:58,125 --> 00:32:01,711 display amazing dexterity. 841 00:32:01,711 --> 00:32:02,963 >> ROBERTS: From the accounts 842 00:32:02,963 --> 00:32:04,589 that we have of Leonardo's lion, 843 00:32:04,589 --> 00:32:07,300 we know that it moved across the 844 00:32:07,300 --> 00:32:10,137 floor on its own power. 845 00:32:10,137 --> 00:32:11,888 The vast majority of people who 846 00:32:11,888 --> 00:32:13,390 were watching this presentation 847 00:32:13,390 --> 00:32:15,225 to the king would probably have 848 00:32:15,225 --> 00:32:17,060 encountered the mechanical lion 849 00:32:17,060 --> 00:32:19,479 with fear because, in their 850 00:32:19,479 --> 00:32:20,897 experience, they would never 851 00:32:20,897 --> 00:32:23,441 have seen, uh, something like 852 00:32:23,441 --> 00:32:24,693 this that was able to move on 853 00:32:24,693 --> 00:32:26,903 its own. 854 00:32:26,903 --> 00:32:29,114 >> NARRATOR: But how did Da 855 00:32:29,114 --> 00:32:30,907 Vinci even conceive of such an 856 00:32:30,907 --> 00:32:32,325 elaborate and sophisticated 857 00:32:32,325 --> 00:32:34,161 device? 858 00:32:34,161 --> 00:32:35,495 One that wouldn't be duplicated 859 00:32:35,495 --> 00:32:38,707 for another 300 years? 860 00:32:38,707 --> 00:32:40,458 >> BROWN: He was challenged by 861 00:32:40,458 --> 00:32:41,668 the engineering. 862 00:32:41,668 --> 00:32:43,461 How do I get a robot to walk? 863 00:32:43,461 --> 00:32:45,672 Even if it's a lion robot, and 864 00:32:45,672 --> 00:32:47,215 even if he didn't use the word 865 00:32:47,215 --> 00:32:49,926 robot, he did create a 866 00:32:49,926 --> 00:32:52,137 functioning robot. 867 00:32:52,137 --> 00:32:53,930 >> JOHN RODGERS: For Leonardo to 868 00:32:53,930 --> 00:32:55,182 take those ideas in his 869 00:32:55,182 --> 00:32:56,349 drawings and literally be able 870 00:32:56,349 --> 00:32:57,893 to project their use in the 871 00:32:57,893 --> 00:33:00,353 future is just remarkable. 872 00:33:00,353 --> 00:33:01,897 He's given credit for all 873 00:33:01,897 --> 00:33:03,440 mechanical and robot ideas that 874 00:33:03,440 --> 00:33:05,901 we know today. 875 00:33:08,945 --> 00:33:10,780 >> NARRATOR: Here, at the 876 00:33:10,780 --> 00:33:12,073 Leonardo da Vinci Machines 877 00:33:12,073 --> 00:33:13,700 Exhibition in St. Louis, 878 00:33:13,700 --> 00:33:16,995 Missouri, Italian artists and 879 00:33:16,995 --> 00:33:18,997 engineers have painstakingly 880 00:33:18,997 --> 00:33:21,291 recreated over 60 of Leonardo's 881 00:33:21,291 --> 00:33:23,793 inventions. 882 00:33:23,793 --> 00:33:24,961 >> RODGERS: This is the first 883 00:33:24,961 --> 00:33:26,338 tank we know of. 884 00:33:26,338 --> 00:33:28,340 Leonardo da Vinci had the idea 885 00:33:28,340 --> 00:33:31,343 for the 360 degree firepower. 886 00:33:31,343 --> 00:33:34,012 (cannons firing) 887 00:33:34,012 --> 00:33:35,263 It was originally designed for 888 00:33:35,263 --> 00:33:36,556 horses, but the horses became 889 00:33:36,556 --> 00:33:37,682 spooked so easily that he 890 00:33:37,682 --> 00:33:39,017 quickly designed it to the human 891 00:33:39,017 --> 00:33:41,102 being. 892 00:33:41,102 --> 00:33:42,145 At the time that is was 893 00:33:42,145 --> 00:33:43,313 presented, the tank was a bit 894 00:33:43,313 --> 00:33:45,106 impractical, and it was not 895 00:33:45,106 --> 00:33:49,152 built until centuries later. 896 00:33:49,152 --> 00:33:50,487 This is Leonardo da Vinci's 897 00:33:50,487 --> 00:33:54,449 underwater breathing apparatus. 898 00:33:54,449 --> 00:33:56,660 Leonardo theorized that you did 899 00:33:56,660 --> 00:33:58,787 not want to exhale into the air 900 00:33:58,787 --> 00:34:01,331 that you were inhaling. 901 00:34:01,331 --> 00:34:02,791 He had the idea for carbon 902 00:34:02,791 --> 00:34:04,167 dioxide, and he brought down 903 00:34:04,167 --> 00:34:05,543 another tube that you could 904 00:34:05,543 --> 00:34:07,045 exhale into that tube, only 905 00:34:07,045 --> 00:34:08,755 receiving fresh air from the 906 00:34:08,755 --> 00:34:10,757 surface. 907 00:34:10,757 --> 00:34:12,509 >> HARRIS: He invented the air 908 00:34:12,509 --> 00:34:13,551 compressor. 909 00:34:13,551 --> 00:34:15,136 Somebody on shore or on a boat 910 00:34:15,136 --> 00:34:17,806 could press down and force the 911 00:34:17,806 --> 00:34:19,432 air through the tube to the 912 00:34:19,432 --> 00:34:21,226 helmet, allow the person to 913 00:34:21,226 --> 00:34:22,394 breathe. 914 00:34:22,394 --> 00:34:24,312 When the British replicated the 915 00:34:24,312 --> 00:34:28,400 Leonardo design, it worked. 916 00:34:28,400 --> 00:34:31,778 (bubbling) 917 00:34:31,778 --> 00:34:33,280 >> NARRATOR: But of all Leonardo 918 00:34:33,280 --> 00:34:34,656 da Vinci's incredible 919 00:34:34,656 --> 00:34:37,033 inventions, perhaps the most 920 00:34:37,033 --> 00:34:39,119 impressive are those involving 921 00:34:39,119 --> 00:34:42,080 aircraft technology. 922 00:34:42,080 --> 00:34:43,456 Nearly 400 years before the 923 00:34:43,456 --> 00:34:45,166 Wright brothers' first flight at 924 00:34:45,166 --> 00:34:46,751 Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, the 925 00:34:46,751 --> 00:34:50,046 15th century inventor had 926 00:34:50,046 --> 00:34:51,506 designed numerous flying 927 00:34:51,506 --> 00:34:54,050 machines, including a hang 928 00:34:54,050 --> 00:34:56,469 glider and an aircraft that 929 00:34:56,469 --> 00:34:57,846 operated like a modern‐day 930 00:34:57,846 --> 00:35:00,056 helicopter. 931 00:35:00,056 --> 00:35:01,141 >> RODGERS: This is Leonardo da 932 00:35:01,141 --> 00:35:02,434 Vinci's famous air screw, and 933 00:35:02,434 --> 00:35:03,685 this is the first attempt that 934 00:35:03,685 --> 00:35:06,021 we know of for vertical flight. 935 00:35:06,021 --> 00:35:07,439 This was designed to have four 936 00:35:07,439 --> 00:35:09,190 human beings run around in a 937 00:35:09,190 --> 00:35:10,775 circle, providing power, 938 00:35:10,775 --> 00:35:12,193 literally screwing it up into 939 00:35:12,193 --> 00:35:13,236 the air. 940 00:35:13,236 --> 00:35:14,487 The air screw resembles our 941 00:35:14,487 --> 00:35:18,116 modern‐day helicopters. 942 00:35:18,116 --> 00:35:19,826 >> COPPENS: Leonardo needed to 943 00:35:19,826 --> 00:35:21,745 know answers to some of the big 944 00:35:21,745 --> 00:35:23,371 questions, which the ancient 945 00:35:23,371 --> 00:35:25,874 alien question has as well‐‐ the 946 00:35:25,874 --> 00:35:28,126 question of flight. 947 00:35:28,126 --> 00:35:30,086 >> TSOUKALOS: There is no 948 00:35:30,086 --> 00:35:33,089 question in my mind that a 949 00:35:33,089 --> 00:35:36,092 person like Leonardo da Vinci 950 00:35:36,092 --> 00:35:39,095 most certainly asked himself the 951 00:35:39,095 --> 00:35:40,639 question: are we alone in the 952 00:35:40,639 --> 00:35:42,682 universe? 953 00:35:42,682 --> 00:35:44,809 And his conclusion even at that 954 00:35:44,809 --> 00:35:48,647 time was: no. 955 00:35:48,647 --> 00:35:50,857 >> NARRATOR: What was the source 956 00:35:50,857 --> 00:35:52,150 of Leonardo da Vinci's 957 00:35:52,150 --> 00:35:53,693 incredible and prophetic 958 00:35:53,693 --> 00:35:56,112 inventions? 959 00:35:56,112 --> 00:35:57,405 Were they the product of his 960 00:35:57,405 --> 00:36:00,909 immense genius, or is it 961 00:36:00,909 --> 00:36:02,827 possible, as ancient astronaut 962 00:36:02,827 --> 00:36:05,205 theorists believe, that Leonardo 963 00:36:05,205 --> 00:36:06,956 had been influenced by an 964 00:36:06,956 --> 00:36:10,919 otherworldly intelligence‐‐ an 965 00:36:10,919 --> 00:36:13,421 intelligence he encountered in 966 00:36:13,421 --> 00:36:16,132 the past or one that he 967 00:36:16,132 --> 00:36:20,136 possessed from within? 968 00:36:27,644 --> 00:36:29,646 >> NARRATOR: The North 969 00:36:29,646 --> 00:36:33,608 Apennines, Italy. 970 00:36:33,608 --> 00:36:35,610 Here, in the mountains just 971 00:36:35,610 --> 00:36:37,612 outside Florence, a young 972 00:36:37,612 --> 00:36:39,614 Leonardo da Vinci spent much of 973 00:36:39,614 --> 00:36:41,616 his time examining the mysteries 974 00:36:41,616 --> 00:36:44,077 of nature. 975 00:36:46,913 --> 00:36:48,915 Because his parents were not 976 00:36:48,915 --> 00:36:51,126 married, he was excluded from 977 00:36:51,126 --> 00:36:52,961 the prestigious academies 978 00:36:52,961 --> 00:36:54,462 attended by many of his 979 00:36:54,462 --> 00:36:57,841 contemporaries. 980 00:36:57,841 --> 00:36:59,634 >> COPPENS: In Florence the 981 00:36:59,634 --> 00:37:02,303 Platonic Academy is reformed and 982 00:37:02,303 --> 00:37:03,805 this institute of learning comes 983 00:37:03,805 --> 00:37:04,806 about. 984 00:37:04,806 --> 00:37:06,057 Now, we know that Leonardo da 985 00:37:06,057 --> 00:37:09,269 Vinci is not allowed to enter 986 00:37:09,269 --> 00:37:10,603 this academy. 987 00:37:10,603 --> 00:37:13,148 >> WALLACE: This is a young man 988 00:37:13,148 --> 00:37:14,649 who is pretty much left on his 989 00:37:14,649 --> 00:37:16,359 own in some ways for up to 19 990 00:37:16,359 --> 00:37:17,986 years, traveling around the 991 00:37:17,986 --> 00:37:18,987 countryside. 992 00:37:18,987 --> 00:37:20,822 He was looking at rocks. 993 00:37:20,822 --> 00:37:21,823 He was studying birds. 994 00:37:21,823 --> 00:37:23,324 He was looking at the flow of 995 00:37:23,324 --> 00:37:24,325 water. 996 00:37:24,325 --> 00:37:27,871 He was studying mountains. 997 00:37:27,871 --> 00:37:28,955 He was literally immersed in 998 00:37:28,955 --> 00:37:29,956 nature. 999 00:37:29,956 --> 00:37:33,501 No other artist in the 1000 00:37:33,501 --> 00:37:35,044 Renaissance really showed that 1001 00:37:35,044 --> 00:37:36,755 much interest in the natural 1002 00:37:36,755 --> 00:37:39,966 world and the surrounding world. 1003 00:37:43,762 --> 00:37:45,722 >> COPPENS: He strives for 1004 00:37:45,722 --> 00:37:46,723 knowledge. 1005 00:37:46,723 --> 00:37:48,683 He strives for information. 1006 00:37:48,683 --> 00:37:50,643 He is able to create a body of 1007 00:37:50,643 --> 00:37:52,979 knowledge which is on par with 1008 00:37:52,979 --> 00:37:54,689 the body of information which 1009 00:37:54,689 --> 00:37:56,524 the Platonic Academy, as a group 1010 00:37:56,524 --> 00:38:01,112 of beings, is able to put out. 1011 00:38:01,112 --> 00:38:03,698 >> NARRATOR: It was also in the 1012 00:38:03,698 --> 00:38:05,700 North Apennine Mountains that 1013 00:38:05,700 --> 00:38:06,868 Leonardo is believed to have 1014 00:38:06,868 --> 00:38:08,703 discovered the cave that he 1015 00:38:08,703 --> 00:38:12,749 wrote about in his journal. 1016 00:38:12,749 --> 00:38:14,876 >> ROBERTS: The story of the 1017 00:38:14,876 --> 00:38:16,795 cave‐‐ it's very likely that it 1018 00:38:16,795 --> 00:38:19,881 happened around 1480, since it 1019 00:38:19,881 --> 00:38:22,091 appears that that's the moment 1020 00:38:22,091 --> 00:38:24,719 at which this is written in the 1021 00:38:24,719 --> 00:38:26,930 codex. 1022 00:38:26,930 --> 00:38:28,807 The fact that Leonardo chooses 1023 00:38:28,807 --> 00:38:31,059 to record this encounter with 1024 00:38:31,059 --> 00:38:32,685 the cave, I think, indicates 1025 00:38:32,685 --> 00:38:35,939 that it had a significant impact 1026 00:38:35,939 --> 00:38:38,191 on the artist psychologically. 1027 00:38:38,191 --> 00:38:39,984 >> NARRATOR: But although the 1028 00:38:39,984 --> 00:38:42,111 exact location of the cave‐‐ and 1029 00:38:42,111 --> 00:38:43,780 the date Leonardo discovered 1030 00:38:43,780 --> 00:38:46,407 it‐‐ remains unknown, there are 1031 00:38:46,407 --> 00:38:48,284 many who believe that it may 1032 00:38:48,284 --> 00:38:50,286 provide the key to understanding 1033 00:38:50,286 --> 00:38:52,038 the source of the artist's 1034 00:38:52,038 --> 00:38:55,208 incredible genius and the answer 1035 00:38:55,208 --> 00:38:56,751 to the mystery of what happened 1036 00:38:56,751 --> 00:38:58,795 to him during his missing two 1037 00:38:58,795 --> 00:39:01,089 years. 1038 00:39:01,089 --> 00:39:03,258 >> WILLIAM HENRY: He goes inside 1039 00:39:03,258 --> 00:39:05,760 the cave and then he disappears, 1040 00:39:05,760 --> 00:39:07,011 and it suggests to me time 1041 00:39:07,011 --> 00:39:09,055 travel portals. 1042 00:39:09,055 --> 00:39:10,765 He's opening portals or star 1043 00:39:10,765 --> 00:39:12,976 gates and beaming to either the 1044 00:39:12,976 --> 00:39:14,727 past or the future and then 1045 00:39:14,727 --> 00:39:17,772 returning to the present time. 1046 00:39:17,772 --> 00:39:19,774 >> CHILDRESS: In history you 1047 00:39:19,774 --> 00:39:21,776 have certain people like 1048 00:39:21,776 --> 00:39:24,153 Leonardo da Vinci, whose genius 1049 00:39:24,153 --> 00:39:26,990 is just so incredible and the 1050 00:39:26,990 --> 00:39:29,868 visions that they have‐‐ in many 1051 00:39:29,868 --> 00:39:31,953 ways it's like they are able to 1052 00:39:31,953 --> 00:39:35,832 see the future and they're not 1053 00:39:35,832 --> 00:39:37,834 going to just influence the 1054 00:39:37,834 --> 00:39:40,962 world then, but what they're 1055 00:39:40,962 --> 00:39:42,297 going to do is going to 1056 00:39:42,297 --> 00:39:44,299 dramatically change the world 1057 00:39:44,299 --> 00:39:47,343 forever, and you have to wonder 1058 00:39:47,343 --> 00:39:49,304 where people get this kind of 1059 00:39:49,304 --> 00:39:51,347 inspiration, and in the case of 1060 00:39:51,347 --> 00:39:54,392 Leonardo he was able to see 1061 00:39:54,392 --> 00:39:56,185 things and invent them, in a 1062 00:39:56,185 --> 00:39:57,437 sense things that we weren't 1063 00:39:57,437 --> 00:39:58,771 going to have for hundreds of 1064 00:39:58,771 --> 00:40:00,857 years. 1065 00:40:00,857 --> 00:40:02,525 >> NARRATOR: Is it really 1066 00:40:02,525 --> 00:40:04,986 possible that Leonardo da Vinci 1067 00:40:04,986 --> 00:40:06,654 may have obtained his incredible 1068 00:40:06,654 --> 00:40:08,156 creative and scientific 1069 00:40:08,156 --> 00:40:10,825 knowledge as the direct result 1070 00:40:10,825 --> 00:40:12,243 of an extraterrestrial 1071 00:40:12,243 --> 00:40:14,829 encounter, or might Leonardo 1072 00:40:14,829 --> 00:40:16,247 have fallen through a time 1073 00:40:16,247 --> 00:40:18,374 portal‐‐ one which allowed him 1074 00:40:18,374 --> 00:40:21,419 to actually visit the future‐‐ 1075 00:40:21,419 --> 00:40:23,588 a future where robots, 1076 00:40:23,588 --> 00:40:26,341 helicopters, military weapons, 1077 00:40:26,341 --> 00:40:28,426 and other amazing machines 1078 00:40:28,426 --> 00:40:31,679 actually existed... and which 1079 00:40:31,679 --> 00:40:33,848 the artist would later try to 1080 00:40:33,848 --> 00:40:36,309 duplicate? 1081 00:40:40,521 --> 00:40:42,941 Some ancient astronaut theorists 1082 00:40:42,941 --> 00:40:44,442 believe the answer can be traced 1083 00:40:44,442 --> 00:40:46,861 back to work he did on The 1084 00:40:46,861 --> 00:40:48,196 Annunciation and the 1085 00:40:48,196 --> 00:40:50,448 significance of his so‐called 1086 00:40:50,448 --> 00:40:53,242 "disappearing angel." 1087 00:40:53,242 --> 00:40:54,869 >> ROBERTS: Leonardo and 1088 00:40:54,869 --> 00:40:56,245 Verrocchio's Annunciation 1089 00:40:56,245 --> 00:40:57,914 portrays the moment at which the 1090 00:40:57,914 --> 00:41:01,084 Angel Gabriel has arrived and is 1091 00:41:01,084 --> 00:41:02,543 telling the Virgin Mary that she 1092 00:41:02,543 --> 00:41:05,463 is pregnant with the Son of God. 1093 00:41:05,463 --> 00:41:07,131 >> TSOUKALOS: What some scholars 1094 00:41:07,131 --> 00:41:09,050 have speculated is that by 1095 00:41:09,050 --> 00:41:10,885 painting the angel in The 1096 00:41:10,885 --> 00:41:11,970 Annunciation so that it 1097 00:41:11,970 --> 00:41:14,305 disappears under X ray, he is 1098 00:41:14,305 --> 00:41:17,266 telling us that, like Gabriel, 1099 00:41:17,266 --> 00:41:19,894 he is the messenger, and then 1100 00:41:19,894 --> 00:41:21,854 with his next painting we're 1101 00:41:21,854 --> 00:41:24,607 told that this great gift to 1102 00:41:24,607 --> 00:41:27,235 mankind has arrived, and 1103 00:41:27,235 --> 00:41:28,903 Leonardo da Vinci's 1104 00:41:28,903 --> 00:41:30,738 contributions to mankind are 1105 00:41:30,738 --> 00:41:35,284 truly a gift to the world. 1106 00:41:35,284 --> 00:41:37,412 >> CHILDRESS: You have to wonder 1107 00:41:37,412 --> 00:41:40,123 if Leonardo wasn't doing this 1108 00:41:40,123 --> 00:41:41,958 because he was being encouraged 1109 00:41:41,958 --> 00:41:44,919 in secret by some kind of 1110 00:41:44,919 --> 00:41:47,922 extraterrestrial masters who 1111 00:41:47,922 --> 00:41:50,675 were somehow behind him. 1112 00:41:50,675 --> 00:41:52,510 >> NARRATOR: Might Leonardo da 1113 00:41:52,510 --> 00:41:54,679 Vinci, the man many have called 1114 00:41:54,679 --> 00:41:56,014 the greatest genius who ever 1115 00:41:56,014 --> 00:41:58,516 lived, have been chosen by 1116 00:41:58,516 --> 00:42:01,185 extraterrestrials to accelerate 1117 00:42:01,185 --> 00:42:03,396 the advancement of the human 1118 00:42:03,396 --> 00:42:06,274 race, or was he merely trying to 1119 00:42:06,274 --> 00:42:07,942 communicate the incredible 1120 00:42:07,942 --> 00:42:08,985 future inventions he had 1121 00:42:08,985 --> 00:42:13,364 witnessed firsthand? 1122 00:42:13,364 --> 00:42:15,199 >> HARRIS: Without doubt the 1123 00:42:15,199 --> 00:42:18,202 most influential personality of 1124 00:42:18,202 --> 00:42:21,664 the first millennium was Jesus. 1125 00:42:21,664 --> 00:42:22,999 Now, you go to the second 1126 00:42:22,999 --> 00:42:25,043 millennium and I believe 1127 00:42:25,043 --> 00:42:28,337 Leonardo is the most important, 1128 00:42:28,337 --> 00:42:31,215 dominant personality, made the 1129 00:42:31,215 --> 00:42:33,468 most contributions in the most 1130 00:42:33,468 --> 00:42:34,969 areas during those thousand 1131 00:42:34,969 --> 00:42:37,013 years. 1132 00:42:37,013 --> 00:42:38,973 >> COPPENS: Wherever we look in 1133 00:42:38,973 --> 00:42:41,184 ancient times we find that the 1134 00:42:41,184 --> 00:42:43,478 genius was always identified 1135 00:42:43,478 --> 00:42:45,313 with superhero, divine 1136 00:42:45,313 --> 00:42:46,355 qualities. 1137 00:42:46,355 --> 00:42:48,649 Even today we put geniuses on a 1138 00:42:48,649 --> 00:42:50,318 separate pedestal and almost 1139 00:42:50,318 --> 00:42:52,320 worship them. 1140 00:42:52,320 --> 00:42:53,654 And this is really something 1141 00:42:53,654 --> 00:42:55,740 throughout mankind's history. 1142 00:42:55,740 --> 00:42:56,991 So the question is: where does 1143 00:42:56,991 --> 00:42:58,076 this come from? 1144 00:42:58,076 --> 00:42:59,702 And whenever you look into 1145 00:42:59,702 --> 00:43:01,996 mythology, you'll also find that 1146 00:43:01,996 --> 00:43:04,207 the geniuses were the ones who 1147 00:43:04,207 --> 00:43:05,792 were created by the gods. 1148 00:43:05,792 --> 00:43:08,586 Genius and divine go hand in 1149 00:43:08,586 --> 00:43:12,507 hand. 1150 00:43:12,507 --> 00:43:15,051 >> NARRATOR: Leonardo da Vinci‐‐ 1151 00:43:15,051 --> 00:43:16,719 the man who created some of the 1152 00:43:16,719 --> 00:43:18,387 most famous artwork in the 1153 00:43:18,387 --> 00:43:22,266 world, designed machines 500 1154 00:43:22,266 --> 00:43:25,019 years ahead of their time, and 1155 00:43:25,019 --> 00:43:27,188 laid the groundwork for today's 1156 00:43:27,188 --> 00:43:31,359 advanced robotics. 1157 00:43:31,359 --> 00:43:34,112 Was he a time traveler‐‐ a man 1158 00:43:34,112 --> 00:43:36,614 who, by accident, was provided a 1159 00:43:36,614 --> 00:43:39,075 glimpse into the future‐‐ or was 1160 00:43:39,075 --> 00:43:41,369 he chosen to serve an unknown 1161 00:43:41,369 --> 00:43:44,539 agenda‐‐ a human messenger who 1162 00:43:44,539 --> 00:43:47,250 conspired to keep a secret pact 1163 00:43:47,250 --> 00:43:50,878 with extraterrestrial beings? 1164 00:43:50,878 --> 00:43:53,256 Perhaps the answer lies not in 1165 00:43:53,256 --> 00:43:57,385 space but right before our eyes, 1166 00:43:57,385 --> 00:43:58,594 hidden in plain sight within the 1167 00:43:58,594 --> 00:43:59,595 smile of a 500‐year‐old 1168 00:43:59,595 --> 00:44:01,597 portrait. 1169 00:44:01,597 --> 00:44:02,598 Captioning sponsored by 1170 00:44:02,598 --> 00:44:04,600 A&E TELEVISION NETWORKS 1171 00:44:04,600 --> 00:44:05,601 Captioned by 1172 00:44:05,601 --> 00:44:06,727 Media Access Group at WGBH 1173 00:44:06,727 --> 00:44:08,688 access.wgbh.org 77884

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