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>> NARRATOR: Amazing inventions
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centuries ahead of their time.
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>> The helicopter, the airplane,
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the submarine, all of these were
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Leonardo da Vinci's concepts.
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>> NARRATOR: Paintings said to
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contain hidden messages.
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>> It is only a portrait, and
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yet it seems to have dimensions
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and mysteries that have yet to
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be explained.
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>> NARRATOR: And sophisticated
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robots designed more than five
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centuries ago.
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>> People would never have seen
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something like this that was
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able to move on its own.
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>> NARRATOR: Leonardo da Vinci
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is considered one of the most
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brilliant minds the world has
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ever known.
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But what was the source of his
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profound intellect?
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>> He was absolutely immersed in
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finding out, maybe even proving,
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that we were not alone.
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>> NARRATOR: Millions of people
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around the world believe we have
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been visited in the past by
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extraterrestrial beings.
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What if it were true?
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Did ancient aliens really help
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to shape our history?
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And if so, might there have been
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a secret extraterrestrial
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connection to Leonardo da Vinci
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and other artists of his time?
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>> Four, three, two, one, zero.
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>> NARRATOR: February 24,
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2011, embarking on its final
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voyage, Space Shuttle Discovery
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docks with the International
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Space Station.
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Its mission: to deliver the
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most advanced model in robotic
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engineering to date,
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Robonaut 2.
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But believe it or not, this
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masterpiece of modern technology
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is the latest in a line of
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humanoid robots whose design is
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based on illustrations created
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more than 500 years ago
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by Leonardo da Vinci.
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>> MICHAEL DENNIN: When you
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look at Robonaut 2, you can
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trace his lineage back to
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Leonardo da Vinci.
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The basic design and structure
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and ideas you can see in what
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Leonardo was working on.
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>> JONATHAN YOUNG: They're like
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three‐dimensional blueprints.
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You could virtually create a
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human being from these, which is
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essentially what the NASA
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engineers did.
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>> BETTY ANN BROWN: Leonardo
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holds the position as the
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greatest human genius that we
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know of.
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He had very high intellectual
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ability, extraordinary creative
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range, and used them to
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accomplish quite a bit.
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>> MARTIN KEMP: Leonardo is
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somebody who is able to operate
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across all these various fields,
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which is very unusual.
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He was trained as a painter, a
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sculptor, but he manages to move
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into geometry, optics,
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mechanical design, anatomy,
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geology, and so on, and in each
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of these, he has extraordinary
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insight.
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So, if you're wanting to talk
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about a universal genius, which
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is a very Renaissance idea, then
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Leonardo is the definition of
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that.
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>> NARRATOR: Leonardo da Vinci's
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work, covering a staggering
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range of disciplines, is still
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influencing science, technology,
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medicine, art, and numerous
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other fields nearly half a
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millennium after his death,
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but just who was Leonardo
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da Vinci?
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Was he simply a man of profound
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intellect and imagination?
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Or is there, perhaps, something
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more to his genius?
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Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci
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was born just outside Florence
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in Vinci, Italy, on April 15,
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1452.
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He lived during the height of
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the Italian Renaissance, an era
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marked by great artistic and
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scientific achievement and a
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universal quest for knowledge.
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>> BROWN: Renaissance is French
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for "rebirth," and it saw itself
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as giving birth again to the
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values that they somewhat
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romantically attributed to the
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classical past, to Ancient
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Greece and Ancient Rome.
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And they see the thousand years
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that have passed between Rome
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and the rise of the Renaissance
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as a dark age, and they want
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to bring the light of humanism
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back to the world with
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intellectual and artistic
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innovation.
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>> GODFREY HARRIS: Florence was
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larger than London, larger than
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Paris, larger than Rome at the
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time Leonardo lived there.
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All these bright people had
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gathered.
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>> NARRATOR: But while the
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Renaissance is considered an age
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of enlightenment, it was also a
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time fiercely dominated by the
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Roman Catholic Church.
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>> SEAN‐DAVID MORTON: When we
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come to the Renaissance, the
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Church is pretty much running
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everything, so every artist,
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pretty much anybody who can read
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and write is either in the
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monastic system of the Church,
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and of course, the Church is the
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main patron for all the
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different artists in the
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Renaissance.
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>> NARRATOR: At a time when
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everything was subject to the
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scrutiny of the Church, a young
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Leonardo da Vinci accepted one
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of his earliest artistic
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assignments‐‐ the illustration
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of a wooden shield with a
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likeness of the mythical Greek
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monster, Medusa, a Gorgon whose
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head was literally covered with
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live snakes.
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>> WILLIAM WALLACE: Leonardo
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drew Medusa so frightening that
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his father believed that he was
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actually looking at live snakes.
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>> NARRATOR: But why, when the
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most prominent artists of his
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day were painting images from
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the Judeo‐Christian Bible, would
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Leonardo have chosen to depict a
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mythical Greek monster, one that
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many ancient astronaut theorists
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believe may have been based on
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an extraterrestrial creature?
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>> PHILIP COPPENS: When we
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compare him to modern geniuses,
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we know, for example, that these
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beings were absolutely
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interested in the idea that we
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were not alone in the universe,
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that somehow we had been
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contacted by extraterrestrial
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beings.
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Leonardo da Vinci is a person
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who believed in the existence
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of extraterrestrial beings.
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>> NARRATOR: While still a
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teenager, Leonardo earned an
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apprenticeship with one of the
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most renowned artists of the
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time, Andrea del Verrocchio,
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and it is widely considered that
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their most notable collaboration
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during this period was
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The Annunciation,
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a scene depicting the moment
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when the Virgin Mary is informed
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that she will soon be made
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pregnant with God's child.
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>> KEMP: Verrocchio seems to
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have begun the picture and begun
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it in a traditional medium of
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egg tempera, which is an egg
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binder for the pigments, and at
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some point, Leonardo intervened
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and finished the picture,
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and he painted an angel.
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>> NARRATOR: In 1989, experts in
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Florence performed an extensive
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examination of The Annunciation
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to verify if the angel in the
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painting was truly the work of
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Leonardo.
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After close expert and
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scientific inspection, it was
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concluded that it was
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undoubtedly the artist's work,
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but they also discovered
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something strange and
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unexpected.
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When subjected to X rays,
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Leonardo's angel became
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invisible.
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>> SEAN ROBERTS: Verrocchio used
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a lead‐based paint for at least
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parts of his Virgin Mary.
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Leonardo, on the other hand,
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seems to have used, uh, rather
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different pigments.
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>> GIORGIO A. TSOUKALOS:
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Leonardo completed it using a
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non‐lead‐based paint, which is
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why, when looked at with certain
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X‐ray technology, Leonardo's
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angel disappears.
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Now, why would Leonardo, being
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the apprentice, finish his
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mentor's work with a different
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type of paint?
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And one possibility is that he
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was leaving some type of message
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because he was notorious for
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hiding things inside his
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own paintings.
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>> NARRATOR: Might Leonardo da
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Vinci really have painted the
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angel knowing he would be
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creating a secret message that
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wouldn't be discovered
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for 500 years?
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And if so, why?
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Some believe the answer may be
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found by examining the next
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phase of the legendary
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artist's life.
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>> DAVID CHILDRESS: From the
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years of 1476 to 1478, there is
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a gap in his life.
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We don't really know where he
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was or what he was doing in
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those years.
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>> BROWN: There are years in
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which he disappears from the
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historical account.
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There is a hiatus, and we don't
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know even what town he was
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living in, much less with whom
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he was working or what
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he was doing.
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>> NARRATOR: What could account
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for a man of Leonardo da Vinci's
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stature literally disappearing
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from all known historical
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records, especially when it was
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precisely during this period
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when he was just beginning to
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come into prominence?
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>> CHILDRESS: One possible
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scenario here is that during
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those years, Leonardo da Vinci
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was, in a sense, tutored by some
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special individuals; people who
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were showing him things that a
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normal person wouldn't
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necessarily have seen.
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Perhaps like the biblical
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00:10:57,448 --> 00:10:59,784
prophet Enoch, he was even taken
288
00:10:59,784 --> 00:11:02,453
aboard a spaceship, and the
289
00:11:02,453 --> 00:11:04,831
aliens showed him Earth from
290
00:11:04,831 --> 00:11:06,791
above and gave him a concept of
291
00:11:06,791 --> 00:11:10,253
the cosmos and machines and
292
00:11:10,253 --> 00:11:12,255
inventions and of Earth that no
293
00:11:12,255 --> 00:11:17,135
one before him had ever had.
294
00:11:17,135 --> 00:11:18,970
>> NARRATOR: Is it really
295
00:11:18,970 --> 00:11:20,388
possible that Leonardo da Vinci
296
00:11:20,388 --> 00:11:22,432
had received guidance from
297
00:11:22,432 --> 00:11:24,726
extraterrestrial beings, as many
298
00:11:24,726 --> 00:11:26,394
ancient astronaut theorists
299
00:11:26,394 --> 00:11:28,229
contend?
300
00:11:28,229 --> 00:11:31,107
One fact is certain: that after
301
00:11:31,107 --> 00:11:32,942
Leonardo's return to Florence in
302
00:11:32,942 --> 00:11:36,196
1478, his creative output
303
00:11:36,196 --> 00:11:39,157
reached a whole new level, going
304
00:11:39,157 --> 00:11:41,242
beyond art and extending to
305
00:11:41,242 --> 00:11:44,204
numerous other disciplines.
306
00:11:44,204 --> 00:11:45,830
He would produce aerial maps of
307
00:11:45,830 --> 00:11:47,540
Italian cities with
308
00:11:47,540 --> 00:11:49,500
incredible accuracy.
309
00:11:49,500 --> 00:11:51,294
He would design and build the
310
00:11:51,294 --> 00:11:52,962
world's first self‐propelled
311
00:11:52,962 --> 00:11:54,005
vehicle.
312
00:11:54,005 --> 00:11:55,840
And he would invent machines
313
00:11:55,840 --> 00:11:58,301
years and even centuries
314
00:11:58,301 --> 00:12:00,011
ahead of their time.
315
00:12:00,011 --> 00:12:01,095
>> MORTON: There are some people
316
00:12:01,095 --> 00:12:02,430
that think that maybe there's an
317
00:12:02,430 --> 00:12:04,015
extraterrestrial influence to
318
00:12:04,015 --> 00:12:06,017
what he knew, because you have
319
00:12:06,017 --> 00:12:07,310
people throughout history who
320
00:12:07,310 --> 00:12:08,311
would magically, mysteriously
321
00:12:08,311 --> 00:12:09,771
come along every few hundred
322
00:12:09,771 --> 00:12:11,147
years or so, that then
323
00:12:11,147 --> 00:12:13,816
contribute to the fantastic
324
00:12:13,816 --> 00:12:15,818
advancements to the human race
325
00:12:15,818 --> 00:12:20,114
and the human species.
326
00:12:20,114 --> 00:12:21,574
>> NARRATOR: What was the secret
327
00:12:21,574 --> 00:12:22,867
behind Leonardo da Vinci's
328
00:12:22,867 --> 00:12:25,703
incredible burst of creativity?
329
00:12:25,703 --> 00:12:28,122
And why‐‐ during the age which
330
00:12:28,122 --> 00:12:29,624
gave rise to the likes of
331
00:12:29,624 --> 00:12:32,168
Copernicus, Michelangelo and
332
00:12:32,168 --> 00:12:35,171
Shakespeare‐‐ did da Vinci tower
333
00:12:35,171 --> 00:12:37,799
above his contemporaries?
334
00:12:37,799 --> 00:12:39,050
Ancient astronaut theorists
335
00:12:39,050 --> 00:12:41,511
believe answers may be found by
336
00:12:41,511 --> 00:12:45,306
examining Leonardo's paintings
337
00:12:45,306 --> 00:12:46,641
and the many secret messages
338
00:12:46,641 --> 00:12:48,643
that can be found hidden within
339
00:12:48,643 --> 00:12:50,770
his famous works of art.
340
00:12:56,651 --> 00:12:58,569
>> NARRATOR: The Vatican.
341
00:12:58,569 --> 00:13:00,238
Set within the fortified walls
342
00:13:00,238 --> 00:13:03,533
of a 110‐acre plot of land and
343
00:13:03,533 --> 00:13:05,535
surrounded by the city of Rome,
344
00:13:05,535 --> 00:13:07,620
it is the smallest independent
345
00:13:07,620 --> 00:13:11,207
nation state in the world.
346
00:13:11,207 --> 00:13:14,002
And it was here from 1513 to
347
00:13:14,002 --> 00:13:17,171
1516 that Leonardo da Vinci
348
00:13:17,171 --> 00:13:19,340
began performing an act that‐‐
349
00:13:19,340 --> 00:13:21,342
during the time‐‐ was a crime
350
00:13:21,342 --> 00:13:24,220
punishable by death:
351
00:13:24,220 --> 00:13:27,098
the dissection of human corpses.
352
00:13:29,142 --> 00:13:31,144
>> HARRIS: Leonardo was brought
353
00:13:31,144 --> 00:13:32,353
from Milan to the
354
00:13:32,353 --> 00:13:34,897
Vatican to paint.
355
00:13:34,897 --> 00:13:36,357
But because the Vatican had
356
00:13:36,357 --> 00:13:39,193
these great catacombic depths,
357
00:13:39,193 --> 00:13:40,778
they were very cool places, and
358
00:13:40,778 --> 00:13:44,824
so you could dissect a body
359
00:13:44,824 --> 00:13:47,285
without losing it to
360
00:13:47,285 --> 00:13:50,830
decomposition.
361
00:13:50,830 --> 00:13:53,791
A number of autopsies we know
362
00:13:53,791 --> 00:13:55,585
were performed in the Vatican
363
00:13:55,585 --> 00:13:57,920
under the nose of the Pope,
364
00:13:57,920 --> 00:13:59,630
who‐‐ policy of the Catholic
365
00:13:59,630 --> 00:14:03,551
Church‐‐ was to forbid that.
366
00:14:03,551 --> 00:14:06,179
>> COPPENS: Da Vinci stops at
367
00:14:06,179 --> 00:14:07,722
nothing to find out about the
368
00:14:07,722 --> 00:14:08,890
human body.
369
00:14:08,890 --> 00:14:12,518
He buys dead bodies even though
370
00:14:12,518 --> 00:14:14,187
there is a penalty of death on
371
00:14:14,187 --> 00:14:15,438
doing the things he is doing.
372
00:14:15,438 --> 00:14:16,814
It's like he cannot stop
373
00:14:16,814 --> 00:14:18,858
himself.
374
00:14:18,858 --> 00:14:20,818
He needs to know.
375
00:14:20,818 --> 00:14:22,653
Da Vinci has this extraordinary
376
00:14:22,653 --> 00:14:25,114
drive to know and understand
377
00:14:25,114 --> 00:14:26,616
despite the fact that it
378
00:14:26,616 --> 00:14:28,659
might kill him.
379
00:14:28,659 --> 00:14:30,620
>> NARRATOR: In his 36 months at
380
00:14:30,620 --> 00:14:32,997
the Vatican, Leonardo da Vinci
381
00:14:32,997 --> 00:14:35,291
documented dozens of dissections
382
00:14:35,291 --> 00:14:37,293
with incredible detail.
383
00:14:37,293 --> 00:14:39,504
But to keep his work secret, his
384
00:14:39,504 --> 00:14:41,255
notes on human anatomy were
385
00:14:41,255 --> 00:14:44,634
recorded in code using a device
386
00:14:44,634 --> 00:14:47,428
known as mirror writing.
387
00:14:52,308 --> 00:14:53,559
>> WALLACE: We know from early
388
00:14:53,559 --> 00:14:55,937
in his life Leonardo adopted
389
00:14:55,937 --> 00:14:58,272
mirror writing.
390
00:14:58,272 --> 00:14:59,816
At a later point in his career
391
00:14:59,816 --> 00:15:01,317
it also served his purposes.
392
00:15:01,317 --> 00:15:02,652
>> HARRIS: Mirror writing is
393
00:15:02,652 --> 00:15:04,362
writing backwards.
394
00:15:04,362 --> 00:15:06,322
Why did Leonardo do it?
395
00:15:06,322 --> 00:15:07,907
He wrote backwards so prying
396
00:15:07,907 --> 00:15:09,534
eyes couldn't see what
397
00:15:09,534 --> 00:15:11,410
he was writing.
398
00:15:11,410 --> 00:15:12,703
>> CHILDRESS: He realized that
399
00:15:12,703 --> 00:15:14,539
the things that he was working
400
00:15:14,539 --> 00:15:17,959
on, including various inventions
401
00:15:17,959 --> 00:15:20,294
and even anatomy, were something
402
00:15:20,294 --> 00:15:21,295
that the Church would not
403
00:15:21,295 --> 00:15:22,296
approve of.
404
00:15:22,296 --> 00:15:24,298
So he had to do these things,
405
00:15:24,298 --> 00:15:26,968
uh, in secret, and he knew that
406
00:15:26,968 --> 00:15:27,969
it was dangerous.
407
00:15:27,969 --> 00:15:29,470
>> TSOUKALOS: Da Vinci
408
00:15:29,470 --> 00:15:31,472
implemented mirror writing in
409
00:15:31,472 --> 00:15:33,808
all of his creations and he most
410
00:15:33,808 --> 00:15:36,269
certainly was not playing games
411
00:15:36,269 --> 00:15:37,478
when he did this.
412
00:15:37,478 --> 00:15:40,148
It was in order to preserve the
413
00:15:40,148 --> 00:15:43,025
knowledge that he had gained
414
00:15:43,025 --> 00:15:47,071
from the uneducated masses.
415
00:15:47,071 --> 00:15:49,365
>> NARRATOR: But why was Da
416
00:15:49,365 --> 00:15:50,741
Vinci so obsessed with the
417
00:15:50,741 --> 00:15:53,119
workings of the human body?
418
00:15:53,119 --> 00:15:54,412
What secret and forbidden
419
00:15:54,412 --> 00:15:56,080
knowledge was he trying to
420
00:15:56,080 --> 00:16:00,376
uncover or reveal?
421
00:16:00,376 --> 00:16:04,046
Florence, Italy, 1503.
422
00:16:04,046 --> 00:16:05,923
Leonardo da Vinci begins work on
423
00:16:05,923 --> 00:16:07,341
a portrait commissioned by a
424
00:16:07,341 --> 00:16:08,676
wealthy silk merchant for his
425
00:16:08,676 --> 00:16:11,053
wife, but it is a painting he
426
00:16:11,053 --> 00:16:14,056
will never part with, obsessing
427
00:16:14,056 --> 00:16:16,309
over every detail for what would
428
00:16:16,309 --> 00:16:18,853
be the last 16 years of his
429
00:16:18,853 --> 00:16:21,564
life‐‐ the Mona Lisa.
430
00:16:21,564 --> 00:16:23,733
>> WALLACE: It is only a
431
00:16:23,733 --> 00:16:25,735
portrait and yet it seems to
432
00:16:25,735 --> 00:16:28,946
have dimensions and mysteries
433
00:16:28,946 --> 00:16:32,992
that have yet to be explained.
434
00:16:32,992 --> 00:16:34,785
>> ROBERTS: The Mona Lisa's
435
00:16:34,785 --> 00:16:37,747
smile is not the kind of smile
436
00:16:37,747 --> 00:16:39,749
that we tend to see in
437
00:16:39,749 --> 00:16:41,083
portraits.
438
00:16:41,083 --> 00:16:42,376
She seems to know something that
439
00:16:42,376 --> 00:16:44,420
we don't.
440
00:16:44,420 --> 00:16:46,631
>> KEMP: What starts as a
441
00:16:46,631 --> 00:16:48,633
portrait, a representation of a
442
00:16:48,633 --> 00:16:50,426
woman, turns into something
443
00:16:50,426 --> 00:16:51,427
quite different.
444
00:16:51,427 --> 00:16:53,346
It turns into a kind of
445
00:16:53,346 --> 00:16:55,348
philosophical meditation on all
446
00:16:55,348 --> 00:16:57,600
his intellectual concerns.
447
00:16:57,600 --> 00:16:59,727
>> NARRATOR: What was it about
448
00:16:59,727 --> 00:17:01,354
the Mona Lisa that would so
449
00:17:01,354 --> 00:17:03,397
consume the final years of
450
00:17:03,397 --> 00:17:06,067
Leonardo da Vinci's life?
451
00:17:06,067 --> 00:17:07,777
And why would he dedicate so
452
00:17:07,777 --> 00:17:10,154
much of his time to a single
453
00:17:10,154 --> 00:17:11,656
20‐by‐30‐inch portrait?
454
00:17:11,656 --> 00:17:14,116
>> WALLACE: There are a lot of
455
00:17:14,116 --> 00:17:15,493
theories that Leonardo has
456
00:17:15,493 --> 00:17:16,827
secret symbols and secret
457
00:17:16,827 --> 00:17:19,038
messages in his paintings.
458
00:17:19,038 --> 00:17:20,831
Everything he's doing he's
459
00:17:20,831 --> 00:17:22,458
rethinking even traditional
460
00:17:22,458 --> 00:17:23,918
subjects in the very beginning
461
00:17:23,918 --> 00:17:25,836
and really imagining them in new
462
00:17:25,836 --> 00:17:28,798
and creative ways.
463
00:17:28,798 --> 00:17:30,633
>> NARRATOR: All his life
464
00:17:30,633 --> 00:17:32,468
Leonardo da Vinci incorporated a
465
00:17:32,468 --> 00:17:35,388
technique called mirror writing.
466
00:17:35,388 --> 00:17:37,890
Is it possible that he also used
467
00:17:37,890 --> 00:17:39,392
a similar technique in his
468
00:17:39,392 --> 00:17:41,769
artwork, leaving hidden messages
469
00:17:41,769 --> 00:17:43,563
that can only be revealed with
470
00:17:43,563 --> 00:17:45,856
the use of mirrors?
471
00:17:45,856 --> 00:17:47,858
>> COPPENS: The mirror is
472
00:17:47,858 --> 00:17:49,652
something which defines him.
473
00:17:49,652 --> 00:17:52,530
And so, the possibility that he
474
00:17:52,530 --> 00:17:54,991
was also using the mirror as an
475
00:17:54,991 --> 00:17:57,076
unknown dimension whereby he
476
00:17:57,076 --> 00:17:59,328
needs to have the mirror to see
477
00:17:59,328 --> 00:18:00,496
certain things within his
478
00:18:00,496 --> 00:18:02,039
paintings is definitely
479
00:18:02,039 --> 00:18:03,541
something which I think we need
480
00:18:03,541 --> 00:18:04,542
to explore.
481
00:18:04,542 --> 00:18:06,210
>> NARRATOR: At Northeastern
482
00:18:06,210 --> 00:18:07,795
University in Boston,
483
00:18:07,795 --> 00:18:10,464
Massachusetts, graphic designer
484
00:18:10,464 --> 00:18:12,508
Terrence Masson uses computer
485
00:18:12,508 --> 00:18:14,468
technology to search for hidden
486
00:18:14,468 --> 00:18:16,095
messages in Leonardo's
487
00:18:16,095 --> 00:18:18,139
masterworks.
488
00:18:18,139 --> 00:18:19,432
>> TERRENCE MASSON: We know that
489
00:18:19,432 --> 00:18:21,851
he was insatiably curious about
490
00:18:21,851 --> 00:18:24,270
reflections and refractions and
491
00:18:24,270 --> 00:18:25,813
optics and the human anatomy of
492
00:18:25,813 --> 00:18:28,024
the eye, and how that mirrored
493
00:18:28,024 --> 00:18:30,318
reflections of conical‐shaped
494
00:18:30,318 --> 00:18:32,778
mirrors.
495
00:18:32,778 --> 00:18:34,530
>> NARRATOR: Is it possible
496
00:18:34,530 --> 00:18:36,282
that Leonardo applied his mirror
497
00:18:36,282 --> 00:18:38,034
technique to hide secret
498
00:18:38,034 --> 00:18:40,620
messages in the Mona Lisa?
499
00:18:40,620 --> 00:18:43,873
But if so, why?
500
00:18:43,873 --> 00:18:45,750
>> MASSON: Here's our classic
501
00:18:45,750 --> 00:18:46,959
Mona Lisa.
502
00:18:46,959 --> 00:18:49,211
Leonardo's portraiture always
503
00:18:49,211 --> 00:18:50,713
has very dramatic hand
504
00:18:50,713 --> 00:18:52,173
positioning.
505
00:18:52,173 --> 00:18:55,718
His hand position was a clue to
506
00:18:55,718 --> 00:18:57,303
the access points of rotation
507
00:18:57,303 --> 00:18:59,013
of the mirror.
508
00:18:59,013 --> 00:19:02,016
So if we try this, what will we
509
00:19:02,016 --> 00:19:03,017
see?
510
00:19:03,017 --> 00:19:03,976
(taps keys)
511
00:19:07,521 --> 00:19:08,606
>> NARRATOR: Is this
512
00:19:08,606 --> 00:19:10,524
helmet‐shaped creature simply
513
00:19:10,524 --> 00:19:13,736
the product of a parlor trick?
514
00:19:13,736 --> 00:19:16,113
If so, then why can a similar
515
00:19:16,113 --> 00:19:17,907
creature be seen in another
516
00:19:17,907 --> 00:19:20,576
famous painting by da Vinci:
517
00:19:20,576 --> 00:19:23,996
Virgin and Child with St. Anne?
518
00:19:23,996 --> 00:19:25,998
>> MASSON: Well, this painting‐‐
519
00:19:25,998 --> 00:19:27,583
Virgin of the Rocks‐‐ we always
520
00:19:27,583 --> 00:19:28,793
notice the dramatic hand poses
521
00:19:28,793 --> 00:19:30,044
of Leonardo.
522
00:19:30,044 --> 00:19:31,587
Is that giving us a hint about
523
00:19:31,587 --> 00:19:32,755
where to put the reflective
524
00:19:32,755 --> 00:19:33,964
plane?
525
00:19:33,964 --> 00:19:35,549
So, we're in a 3‐D environment
526
00:19:35,549 --> 00:19:36,592
here.
527
00:19:36,592 --> 00:19:37,927
We can do anything we want.
528
00:19:37,927 --> 00:19:40,471
We just make a little duplicate.
529
00:19:48,896 --> 00:19:51,273
That's a little spooky.
530
00:19:51,273 --> 00:19:53,401
So, interesting similarity to
531
00:19:53,401 --> 00:19:55,152
what we did with the Mona Lisa,
532
00:19:55,152 --> 00:19:57,113
right?
533
00:19:57,113 --> 00:19:59,198
We've got something close to
534
00:19:59,198 --> 00:20:00,449
modern understanding of alien
535
00:20:00,449 --> 00:20:03,953
heads.
536
00:20:06,455 --> 00:20:07,623
>> NARRATOR: Could there really
537
00:20:07,623 --> 00:20:08,999
be hidden messages in Leonardo
538
00:20:08,999 --> 00:20:11,127
da Vinci's paintings?
539
00:20:11,127 --> 00:20:12,336
Messages that reveal the
540
00:20:12,336 --> 00:20:13,796
artist's connection to
541
00:20:13,796 --> 00:20:16,590
otherworldly beings?
542
00:20:16,590 --> 00:20:18,134
And why was the artist so
543
00:20:18,134 --> 00:20:19,635
obsessed with dissecting the
544
00:20:19,635 --> 00:20:21,595
human form?
545
00:20:21,595 --> 00:20:24,598
Was it for purposes of his art?
546
00:20:24,598 --> 00:20:27,226
Or was there another, more
547
00:20:27,226 --> 00:20:30,062
extraterrestrial reason?
548
00:20:30,062 --> 00:20:32,606
Perhaps the answer can be found
549
00:20:32,606 --> 00:20:34,984
by examining the work of other
550
00:20:34,984 --> 00:20:38,738
artists during the Renaissance.
551
00:20:42,992 --> 00:20:45,035
(bell tolling)
552
00:20:45,035 --> 00:20:47,997
>> NARRATOR: London, England.
553
00:20:47,997 --> 00:20:49,999
Housed here, in the British
554
00:20:49,999 --> 00:20:52,668
Library, is Leonardo da Vinci's
555
00:20:52,668 --> 00:20:56,130
Codex Arundel, a collection of
556
00:20:56,130 --> 00:21:00,301
283 papers containing drawings,
557
00:21:00,301 --> 00:21:04,930
inventions, thoughts and
558
00:21:04,930 --> 00:21:06,515
writings covering numerous
559
00:21:06,515 --> 00:21:07,975
scientific and creative
560
00:21:07,975 --> 00:21:10,478
disciplines.
561
00:21:10,478 --> 00:21:11,771
>> KEMP: Leonardo is quite
562
00:21:11,771 --> 00:21:13,189
well‐documented compared with
563
00:21:13,189 --> 00:21:15,191
most artists of the time.
564
00:21:15,191 --> 00:21:16,692
We've got thousands and
565
00:21:16,692 --> 00:21:18,986
thousands of pages of writing,
566
00:21:18,986 --> 00:21:20,529
which tell us a lot about what
567
00:21:20,529 --> 00:21:23,199
he's thinking about, but there's
568
00:21:23,199 --> 00:21:25,034
almost no personal record,
569
00:21:25,034 --> 00:21:26,243
interestingly.
570
00:21:26,243 --> 00:21:27,411
Leonardo is quite a private
571
00:21:27,411 --> 00:21:29,371
figure in that respect.
572
00:21:29,371 --> 00:21:30,581
>> NARRATOR: Found among
573
00:21:30,581 --> 00:21:33,334
Leonardo's papers were a few
574
00:21:33,334 --> 00:21:35,211
personal anecdotes, composed
575
00:21:35,211 --> 00:21:36,670
just after his two‐year
576
00:21:36,670 --> 00:21:39,840
disappearance between 1476 and
577
00:21:39,840 --> 00:21:43,969
1478.
578
00:21:43,969 --> 00:21:46,222
In one account, the artist
579
00:21:46,222 --> 00:21:48,224
details his youthful adventure
580
00:21:48,224 --> 00:21:50,184
encountering a vast, mysterious
581
00:21:50,184 --> 00:21:51,393
cave.
582
00:21:51,393 --> 00:21:53,020
>> ROBERTS: He describes being
583
00:21:53,020 --> 00:21:56,023
on the edge of this dark cave,
584
00:21:56,023 --> 00:21:58,859
and saying that he felt
585
00:21:58,859 --> 00:22:00,861
terrified by the darkness
586
00:22:00,861 --> 00:22:02,071
of that cave and what
587
00:22:02,071 --> 00:22:04,907
might be within it.
588
00:22:04,907 --> 00:22:06,450
On the other hand, he felt a
589
00:22:06,450 --> 00:22:08,911
certain desire to try to
590
00:22:08,911 --> 00:22:11,121
understand what was in there.
591
00:22:11,121 --> 00:22:12,498
>> TSOUKALOS: Some have
592
00:22:12,498 --> 00:22:14,333
speculated that this
593
00:22:14,333 --> 00:22:15,626
incident occurred around the
594
00:22:15,626 --> 00:22:18,045
same time in his childhood as
595
00:22:18,045 --> 00:22:19,296
when he fashioned his famous
596
00:22:19,296 --> 00:22:20,756
shield with the head of the
597
00:22:20,756 --> 00:22:24,802
monstrous Medusa on it.
598
00:22:24,802 --> 00:22:28,222
So the question is, what exactly
599
00:22:28,222 --> 00:22:33,018
did Leonardo find in this cave?
600
00:22:33,018 --> 00:22:34,728
We can assume that this was a
601
00:22:34,728 --> 00:22:36,605
very significant event in his
602
00:22:36,605 --> 00:22:38,649
life, because it made a strong
603
00:22:38,649 --> 00:22:40,109
enough impression on him to
604
00:22:40,109 --> 00:22:43,237
write it down as one of the few
605
00:22:43,237 --> 00:22:45,072
autobiographical notes he ever
606
00:22:45,072 --> 00:22:49,410
made.
607
00:22:49,410 --> 00:22:50,703
>> NARRATOR: Why did Leonardo da
608
00:22:50,703 --> 00:22:53,497
Vinci, a man who wrote almost
609
00:22:53,497 --> 00:22:55,165
nothing of his personal life,
610
00:22:55,165 --> 00:22:57,334
choose to write about this cave
611
00:22:57,334 --> 00:22:59,086
as one of the first entries in
612
00:22:59,086 --> 00:23:01,630
his journal?
613
00:23:01,630 --> 00:23:03,632
And why was his experience with
614
00:23:03,632 --> 00:23:07,219
the cave so important to him?
615
00:23:10,806 --> 00:23:12,474
Some ancient astronaut theorists
616
00:23:12,474 --> 00:23:15,060
believe that several of the
617
00:23:15,060 --> 00:23:16,729
artist's paintings and drawings
618
00:23:16,729 --> 00:23:19,106
provide evidence that da Vinci
619
00:23:19,106 --> 00:23:20,774
may have had an extraterrestrial
620
00:23:20,774 --> 00:23:23,152
encounter.
621
00:23:23,152 --> 00:23:24,278
>> ROBERTS: One of the things
622
00:23:24,278 --> 00:23:26,447
that we see in the grotesque
623
00:23:26,447 --> 00:23:28,490
heads is a fairly marked
624
00:23:28,490 --> 00:23:30,993
departure from the natural
625
00:23:30,993 --> 00:23:32,870
appearance of the human body,
626
00:23:32,870 --> 00:23:35,372
the human face, even in its
627
00:23:35,372 --> 00:23:38,876
most extreme manifestation.
628
00:23:38,876 --> 00:23:40,127
>> KEMP: Visually, the works are
629
00:23:40,127 --> 00:23:41,211
so compelling.
630
00:23:41,211 --> 00:23:42,838
They're often slightly creepy.
631
00:23:42,838 --> 00:23:44,548
They've got this very strange
632
00:23:44,548 --> 00:23:46,926
presence to them.
633
00:23:46,926 --> 00:23:49,386
>> YOUNG: They are misshapen
634
00:23:49,386 --> 00:23:51,430
faces, elongated skulls,
635
00:23:51,430 --> 00:23:54,934
flattened faces.
636
00:23:54,934 --> 00:23:58,103
Very eerie, troubling, monstrous
637
00:23:58,103 --> 00:23:59,521
images.
638
00:23:59,521 --> 00:24:02,524
Now this is an artist known for
639
00:24:02,524 --> 00:24:05,152
careful, realistic depiction of
640
00:24:05,152 --> 00:24:09,698
what he was looking at, which
641
00:24:09,698 --> 00:24:11,200
raises the question‐‐ what in
642
00:24:11,200 --> 00:24:13,911
the world was he looking at?
643
00:24:13,911 --> 00:24:16,205
Did he actually encounter
644
00:24:16,205 --> 00:24:17,414
creatures that looked like this?
645
00:24:17,414 --> 00:24:21,418
They're very, very strange.
646
00:24:21,418 --> 00:24:23,253
>> NARRATOR: Are Leonardo's
647
00:24:23,253 --> 00:24:25,839
grotesque heads simply products
648
00:24:25,839 --> 00:24:27,341
of the artist's creative
649
00:24:27,341 --> 00:24:29,176
imagination?
650
00:24:29,176 --> 00:24:31,178
Or might they be evidence of Da
651
00:24:31,178 --> 00:24:33,138
Vinci's encounters with
652
00:24:33,138 --> 00:24:37,226
otherworldly beings?
653
00:24:37,226 --> 00:24:39,645
According to historical records,
654
00:24:39,645 --> 00:24:41,188
there were, during the
655
00:24:41,188 --> 00:24:43,190
Renaissance, a large number of
656
00:24:43,190 --> 00:24:45,359
unexplained phenomena seen in
657
00:24:45,359 --> 00:24:47,236
the skies over parts of Europe
658
00:24:47,236 --> 00:24:51,198
and Asia.
659
00:24:51,198 --> 00:24:52,825
During the siege of
660
00:24:52,825 --> 00:24:57,663
Constantinople in 1453, soldiers
661
00:24:57,663 --> 00:24:59,957
reported that a fire descended
662
00:24:59,957 --> 00:25:02,459
upon them from the sky.
663
00:25:02,459 --> 00:25:07,047
In 1458, a giant moon‐like disc
664
00:25:07,047 --> 00:25:08,298
was seen soaring above the
665
00:25:08,298 --> 00:25:10,926
landscape in Japan.
666
00:25:10,926 --> 00:25:14,179
And in 1492, during Christopher
667
00:25:14,179 --> 00:25:16,181
Columbus' epic journey across
668
00:25:16,181 --> 00:25:19,393
the Atlantic, weird lights were
669
00:25:19,393 --> 00:25:21,812
seen floating above the ocean.
670
00:25:21,812 --> 00:25:23,313
>> COPPENS: Just before
671
00:25:23,313 --> 00:25:25,232
Christopher Columbus reaches the
672
00:25:25,232 --> 00:25:28,444
New World, he sees anomalous
673
00:25:28,444 --> 00:25:30,446
lights in the sky, and he
674
00:25:30,446 --> 00:25:35,367
reports them.
675
00:25:35,367 --> 00:25:38,495
People see them from his ship.
676
00:25:38,495 --> 00:25:40,330
These lights cannot be
677
00:25:40,330 --> 00:25:43,292
explained.
678
00:25:43,292 --> 00:25:44,918
>> CHILDRESS: Some ancient UFO
679
00:25:44,918 --> 00:25:48,422
was seemingly guiding Columbus'
680
00:25:48,422 --> 00:25:51,800
ships to the New World.
681
00:25:51,800 --> 00:25:53,927
So here we may well have ancient
682
00:25:53,927 --> 00:25:56,889
aliens making sure that Columbus
683
00:25:56,889 --> 00:25:59,975
would do something so important
684
00:25:59,975 --> 00:26:02,436
as discovering the New World.
685
00:26:02,436 --> 00:26:03,645
>> NARRATOR: Might Leonardo da
686
00:26:03,645 --> 00:26:06,482
Vinci have been aware of the
687
00:26:06,482 --> 00:26:07,649
sightings of these early UFO
688
00:26:07,649 --> 00:26:10,319
sightings?
689
00:26:10,319 --> 00:26:11,528
Ancient astronaut theorists
690
00:26:11,528 --> 00:26:13,280
believe the answer is a
691
00:26:13,280 --> 00:26:17,534
profound yes and point to even
692
00:26:17,534 --> 00:26:19,328
greater evidence that can be
693
00:26:19,328 --> 00:26:21,330
found by studying the works of
694
00:26:21,330 --> 00:26:25,542
other Renaissance artists.
695
00:26:25,542 --> 00:26:26,835
>> COPPENS: In the Renaissance
696
00:26:26,835 --> 00:26:28,295
period, what we see is this
697
00:26:28,295 --> 00:26:29,797
extraordinary explosion of
698
00:26:29,797 --> 00:26:33,008
paintings which show anomalies
699
00:26:33,008 --> 00:26:34,676
in the background, anomalies
700
00:26:34,676 --> 00:26:37,012
which today we identify as UFOs.
701
00:26:40,307 --> 00:26:41,809
>> TSOUKALOS: There are
702
00:26:41,809 --> 00:26:43,018
paintings that depict something
703
00:26:43,018 --> 00:26:46,688
very odd in the sky, depictions
704
00:26:46,688 --> 00:26:50,692
of UFOs, of strange orbs,
705
00:26:50,692 --> 00:26:55,572
or rays coming out of the sky,
706
00:26:55,572 --> 00:26:58,200
or falling stars with people
707
00:26:58,200 --> 00:27:00,494
sitting inside of them.
708
00:27:02,913 --> 00:27:04,540
>> NARRATOR: Why would 15th
709
00:27:04,540 --> 00:27:05,916
century artists depict
710
00:27:05,916 --> 00:27:08,043
mysterious objects in paintings
711
00:27:08,043 --> 00:27:11,338
of biblical scenes?
712
00:27:11,338 --> 00:27:12,714
Were they trying to communicate
713
00:27:12,714 --> 00:27:14,550
something about the origin of
714
00:27:14,550 --> 00:27:16,760
Christianity?
715
00:27:16,760 --> 00:27:18,846
Or could these otherworldly
716
00:27:18,846 --> 00:27:21,390
images be linked to the numerous
717
00:27:21,390 --> 00:27:22,808
sightings of bizarre flying
718
00:27:22,808 --> 00:27:25,269
objects in the sky?
719
00:27:28,772 --> 00:27:30,357
At Northeastern University,
720
00:27:30,357 --> 00:27:33,569
researcher Terrence Masson
721
00:27:33,569 --> 00:27:35,362
examines the strange images
722
00:27:35,362 --> 00:27:40,242
found in Renaissance paintings.
723
00:27:40,242 --> 00:27:41,451
>> TERRENCE MASSON: One specific
724
00:27:41,451 --> 00:27:42,786
example, The Baptism of Christ
725
00:27:42,786 --> 00:27:45,205
by Gelder, is just bizarre.
726
00:27:47,833 --> 00:27:49,585
So many other examples can be
727
00:27:49,585 --> 00:27:50,711
explained by different
728
00:27:50,711 --> 00:27:51,920
iconography, graphic
729
00:27:51,920 --> 00:27:53,380
representations of angels in
730
00:27:53,380 --> 00:27:54,590
clouds and lights, but if you
731
00:27:54,590 --> 00:27:55,924
look at this painting, it's just
732
00:27:55,924 --> 00:27:58,635
a solid, shiny disk with four
733
00:27:58,635 --> 00:28:01,763
laser beams shining down at the
734
00:28:01,763 --> 00:28:04,141
Christ child.
735
00:28:07,394 --> 00:28:08,437
A specific example is The
736
00:28:08,437 --> 00:28:10,147
Madonna with Saint Giovannino.
737
00:28:10,147 --> 00:28:12,149
You look at this, and it's not
738
00:28:12,149 --> 00:28:14,401
one of those that is easily
739
00:28:14,401 --> 00:28:15,652
explained away as being a
740
00:28:15,652 --> 00:28:17,112
literal interpretation of an
741
00:28:17,112 --> 00:28:18,155
angel in the cloud, for
742
00:28:18,155 --> 00:28:19,239
instance.
743
00:28:19,239 --> 00:28:20,657
So, the striking feature of this
744
00:28:20,657 --> 00:28:22,451
is what is that, exactly, in the
745
00:28:22,451 --> 00:28:24,661
sky?
746
00:28:24,661 --> 00:28:27,664
See if I can get a little close.
747
00:28:27,664 --> 00:28:30,083
Zoom in.
748
00:28:33,170 --> 00:28:34,421
And we can see it's clearly
749
00:28:34,421 --> 00:28:35,422
something.
750
00:28:35,422 --> 00:28:36,465
It's not a mistake.
751
00:28:36,465 --> 00:28:37,507
It's not a blemish.
752
00:28:37,507 --> 00:28:38,508
It was obviously painted there.
753
00:28:38,508 --> 00:28:40,177
You can see the brushstrokes,
754
00:28:40,177 --> 00:28:41,595
uh, even more so now that the
755
00:28:41,595 --> 00:28:43,430
composition of the painting
756
00:28:43,430 --> 00:28:44,598
shows our shepherd shielding his
757
00:28:44,598 --> 00:28:45,933
eyes.
758
00:28:45,933 --> 00:28:47,100
It's definitely not an angel or
759
00:28:47,100 --> 00:28:48,101
a cloud.
760
00:28:48,101 --> 00:28:49,144
Something is flying, and it's
761
00:28:49,144 --> 00:28:51,438
unidentified, so when pressed,
762
00:28:51,438 --> 00:28:53,440
we have a 16th century painting
763
00:28:53,440 --> 00:28:55,817
of a UFO.
764
00:28:55,817 --> 00:28:57,152
>> CHILDRESS: It's as if the
765
00:28:57,152 --> 00:28:59,154
painter is trying to depict some
766
00:28:59,154 --> 00:29:01,865
divine messenger, and those
767
00:29:01,865 --> 00:29:05,202
depictions, apparently, are of
768
00:29:05,202 --> 00:29:07,496
UFOs, and here we have the
769
00:29:07,496 --> 00:29:09,498
Renaissance painters, basically,
770
00:29:09,498 --> 00:29:14,461
bringing us Jesus and a UFO
771
00:29:14,461 --> 00:29:17,005
together in the same painting.
772
00:29:17,005 --> 00:29:18,840
During the Renaissance, people
773
00:29:18,840 --> 00:29:22,010
like Da Vinci may well have had
774
00:29:22,010 --> 00:29:25,681
knowledge of extraterrestrials.
775
00:29:25,681 --> 00:29:27,140
>> NARRATOR: Might the
776
00:29:27,140 --> 00:29:28,976
mysterious images in Renaissance
777
00:29:28,976 --> 00:29:30,769
paintings be evidence that
778
00:29:30,769 --> 00:29:32,688
Leonardo and his contemporaries
779
00:29:32,688 --> 00:29:34,481
had encounters with
780
00:29:34,481 --> 00:29:36,858
extraterrestrial beings during
781
00:29:36,858 --> 00:29:40,487
the 15th century?
782
00:29:40,487 --> 00:29:41,697
For the answer, ancient
783
00:29:41,697 --> 00:29:45,075
astronaut theorists turn not to
784
00:29:45,075 --> 00:29:47,119
Da Vinci's artwork but to his
785
00:29:47,119 --> 00:29:50,330
incredible inventions.
786
00:29:56,211 --> 00:29:57,254
>> NARRATOR: The Boeing AH‐64
787
00:29:57,254 --> 00:29:59,756
Apache helicopter.
788
00:29:59,756 --> 00:30:01,758
This four‐blade, twin‐engine
789
00:30:01,758 --> 00:30:04,553
attack aircraft has a top speed
790
00:30:04,553 --> 00:30:07,764
of 192 miles per hour
791
00:30:07,764 --> 00:30:10,100
and can reach heights of 21,000
792
00:30:10,100 --> 00:30:12,102
feet.
793
00:30:12,102 --> 00:30:14,271
It is also able to fly just a
794
00:30:14,271 --> 00:30:16,440
few feet above the ground in an
795
00:30:16,440 --> 00:30:20,777
effort to avoid radar detection.
796
00:30:20,777 --> 00:30:22,070
But even more amazing than this
797
00:30:22,070 --> 00:30:24,197
modern‐day aerial marvel is the
798
00:30:24,197 --> 00:30:27,242
fact that its construction may
799
00:30:27,242 --> 00:30:29,077
have never been possible without
800
00:30:29,077 --> 00:30:30,912
the designs for vertical flight
801
00:30:30,912 --> 00:30:33,331
first drawn up by Leonardo
802
00:30:33,331 --> 00:30:37,461
da Vinci nearly 500 years ago.
803
00:30:40,464 --> 00:30:42,924
>> MORTON: The helicopter,
804
00:30:42,924 --> 00:30:44,092
the airplane,
805
00:30:44,092 --> 00:30:46,803
the submarine,
806
00:30:46,803 --> 00:30:48,180
all of these were Leonardo
807
00:30:48,180 --> 00:30:50,265
da Vinci's concepts.
808
00:30:50,265 --> 00:30:51,767
He invented all of the modern
809
00:30:51,767 --> 00:30:52,768
weapons that we're actually
810
00:30:52,768 --> 00:30:55,812
using today.
811
00:30:55,812 --> 00:30:57,814
If we had developed the various
812
00:30:57,814 --> 00:31:00,067
ideas, concepts, and scientific
813
00:31:00,067 --> 00:31:01,443
discoveries of Leonardo da
814
00:31:01,443 --> 00:31:02,861
Vinci, there is an argument to
815
00:31:02,861 --> 00:31:04,112
be made that we, possibly, could
816
00:31:04,112 --> 00:31:05,530
have landed somebody on the moon
817
00:31:05,530 --> 00:31:07,783
in about the 1800s.
818
00:31:10,243 --> 00:31:11,870
>> BROWN: He was 500 years
819
00:31:11,870 --> 00:31:13,163
before his time, and many of his
820
00:31:13,163 --> 00:31:15,082
devices could not have been
821
00:31:15,082 --> 00:31:18,168
constructed during his time.
822
00:31:18,168 --> 00:31:20,545
They didn't have the technology.
823
00:31:22,881 --> 00:31:24,091
>> NARRATOR: One design of
824
00:31:24,091 --> 00:31:25,842
Leonardo's that the inventor was
825
00:31:25,842 --> 00:31:27,094
actually able to realize during
826
00:31:27,094 --> 00:31:29,971
his lifetime was this one: the
827
00:31:29,971 --> 00:31:31,640
world's first fully functional
828
00:31:31,640 --> 00:31:33,809
robot.
829
00:31:33,809 --> 00:31:36,269
In 1517, at the famous Château
830
00:31:36,269 --> 00:31:38,855
du Clos Lucé in Amboise, France,
831
00:31:38,855 --> 00:31:41,233
65‐year‐old Leonardo da Vinci
832
00:31:41,233 --> 00:31:44,111
presented King Francis I with a
833
00:31:44,111 --> 00:31:46,613
gift in the form of a full‐sized
834
00:31:46,613 --> 00:31:48,365
mechanical lion.
835
00:31:48,365 --> 00:31:50,033
(roaring)
836
00:31:50,033 --> 00:31:51,910
Like the replica that exists
837
00:31:51,910 --> 00:31:53,495
today in the Château museum, the
838
00:31:53,495 --> 00:31:55,539
mechanical lion could move
839
00:31:55,539 --> 00:31:58,125
independently and was able to
840
00:31:58,125 --> 00:32:01,711
display amazing dexterity.
841
00:32:01,711 --> 00:32:02,963
>> ROBERTS: From the accounts
842
00:32:02,963 --> 00:32:04,589
that we have of Leonardo's lion,
843
00:32:04,589 --> 00:32:07,300
we know that it moved across the
844
00:32:07,300 --> 00:32:10,137
floor on its own power.
845
00:32:10,137 --> 00:32:11,888
The vast majority of people who
846
00:32:11,888 --> 00:32:13,390
were watching this presentation
847
00:32:13,390 --> 00:32:15,225
to the king would probably have
848
00:32:15,225 --> 00:32:17,060
encountered the mechanical lion
849
00:32:17,060 --> 00:32:19,479
with fear because, in their
850
00:32:19,479 --> 00:32:20,897
experience, they would never
851
00:32:20,897 --> 00:32:23,441
have seen, uh, something like
852
00:32:23,441 --> 00:32:24,693
this that was able to move on
853
00:32:24,693 --> 00:32:26,903
its own.
854
00:32:26,903 --> 00:32:29,114
>> NARRATOR: But how did Da
855
00:32:29,114 --> 00:32:30,907
Vinci even conceive of such an
856
00:32:30,907 --> 00:32:32,325
elaborate and sophisticated
857
00:32:32,325 --> 00:32:34,161
device?
858
00:32:34,161 --> 00:32:35,495
One that wouldn't be duplicated
859
00:32:35,495 --> 00:32:38,707
for another 300 years?
860
00:32:38,707 --> 00:32:40,458
>> BROWN: He was challenged by
861
00:32:40,458 --> 00:32:41,668
the engineering.
862
00:32:41,668 --> 00:32:43,461
How do I get a robot to walk?
863
00:32:43,461 --> 00:32:45,672
Even if it's a lion robot, and
864
00:32:45,672 --> 00:32:47,215
even if he didn't use the word
865
00:32:47,215 --> 00:32:49,926
robot, he did create a
866
00:32:49,926 --> 00:32:52,137
functioning robot.
867
00:32:52,137 --> 00:32:53,930
>> JOHN RODGERS: For Leonardo to
868
00:32:53,930 --> 00:32:55,182
take those ideas in his
869
00:32:55,182 --> 00:32:56,349
drawings and literally be able
870
00:32:56,349 --> 00:32:57,893
to project their use in the
871
00:32:57,893 --> 00:33:00,353
future is just remarkable.
872
00:33:00,353 --> 00:33:01,897
He's given credit for all
873
00:33:01,897 --> 00:33:03,440
mechanical and robot ideas that
874
00:33:03,440 --> 00:33:05,901
we know today.
875
00:33:08,945 --> 00:33:10,780
>> NARRATOR: Here, at the
876
00:33:10,780 --> 00:33:12,073
Leonardo da Vinci Machines
877
00:33:12,073 --> 00:33:13,700
Exhibition in St. Louis,
878
00:33:13,700 --> 00:33:16,995
Missouri, Italian artists and
879
00:33:16,995 --> 00:33:18,997
engineers have painstakingly
880
00:33:18,997 --> 00:33:21,291
recreated over 60 of Leonardo's
881
00:33:21,291 --> 00:33:23,793
inventions.
882
00:33:23,793 --> 00:33:24,961
>> RODGERS: This is the first
883
00:33:24,961 --> 00:33:26,338
tank we know of.
884
00:33:26,338 --> 00:33:28,340
Leonardo da Vinci had the idea
885
00:33:28,340 --> 00:33:31,343
for the 360 degree firepower.
886
00:33:31,343 --> 00:33:34,012
(cannons firing)
887
00:33:34,012 --> 00:33:35,263
It was originally designed for
888
00:33:35,263 --> 00:33:36,556
horses, but the horses became
889
00:33:36,556 --> 00:33:37,682
spooked so easily that he
890
00:33:37,682 --> 00:33:39,017
quickly designed it to the human
891
00:33:39,017 --> 00:33:41,102
being.
892
00:33:41,102 --> 00:33:42,145
At the time that is was
893
00:33:42,145 --> 00:33:43,313
presented, the tank was a bit
894
00:33:43,313 --> 00:33:45,106
impractical, and it was not
895
00:33:45,106 --> 00:33:49,152
built until centuries later.
896
00:33:49,152 --> 00:33:50,487
This is Leonardo da Vinci's
897
00:33:50,487 --> 00:33:54,449
underwater breathing apparatus.
898
00:33:54,449 --> 00:33:56,660
Leonardo theorized that you did
899
00:33:56,660 --> 00:33:58,787
not want to exhale into the air
900
00:33:58,787 --> 00:34:01,331
that you were inhaling.
901
00:34:01,331 --> 00:34:02,791
He had the idea for carbon
902
00:34:02,791 --> 00:34:04,167
dioxide, and he brought down
903
00:34:04,167 --> 00:34:05,543
another tube that you could
904
00:34:05,543 --> 00:34:07,045
exhale into that tube, only
905
00:34:07,045 --> 00:34:08,755
receiving fresh air from the
906
00:34:08,755 --> 00:34:10,757
surface.
907
00:34:10,757 --> 00:34:12,509
>> HARRIS: He invented the air
908
00:34:12,509 --> 00:34:13,551
compressor.
909
00:34:13,551 --> 00:34:15,136
Somebody on shore or on a boat
910
00:34:15,136 --> 00:34:17,806
could press down and force the
911
00:34:17,806 --> 00:34:19,432
air through the tube to the
912
00:34:19,432 --> 00:34:21,226
helmet, allow the person to
913
00:34:21,226 --> 00:34:22,394
breathe.
914
00:34:22,394 --> 00:34:24,312
When the British replicated the
915
00:34:24,312 --> 00:34:28,400
Leonardo design, it worked.
916
00:34:28,400 --> 00:34:31,778
(bubbling)
917
00:34:31,778 --> 00:34:33,280
>> NARRATOR: But of all Leonardo
918
00:34:33,280 --> 00:34:34,656
da Vinci's incredible
919
00:34:34,656 --> 00:34:37,033
inventions, perhaps the most
920
00:34:37,033 --> 00:34:39,119
impressive are those involving
921
00:34:39,119 --> 00:34:42,080
aircraft technology.
922
00:34:42,080 --> 00:34:43,456
Nearly 400 years before the
923
00:34:43,456 --> 00:34:45,166
Wright brothers' first flight at
924
00:34:45,166 --> 00:34:46,751
Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, the
925
00:34:46,751 --> 00:34:50,046
15th century inventor had
926
00:34:50,046 --> 00:34:51,506
designed numerous flying
927
00:34:51,506 --> 00:34:54,050
machines, including a hang
928
00:34:54,050 --> 00:34:56,469
glider and an aircraft that
929
00:34:56,469 --> 00:34:57,846
operated like a modern‐day
930
00:34:57,846 --> 00:35:00,056
helicopter.
931
00:35:00,056 --> 00:35:01,141
>> RODGERS: This is Leonardo da
932
00:35:01,141 --> 00:35:02,434
Vinci's famous air screw, and
933
00:35:02,434 --> 00:35:03,685
this is the first attempt that
934
00:35:03,685 --> 00:35:06,021
we know of for vertical flight.
935
00:35:06,021 --> 00:35:07,439
This was designed to have four
936
00:35:07,439 --> 00:35:09,190
human beings run around in a
937
00:35:09,190 --> 00:35:10,775
circle, providing power,
938
00:35:10,775 --> 00:35:12,193
literally screwing it up into
939
00:35:12,193 --> 00:35:13,236
the air.
940
00:35:13,236 --> 00:35:14,487
The air screw resembles our
941
00:35:14,487 --> 00:35:18,116
modern‐day helicopters.
942
00:35:18,116 --> 00:35:19,826
>> COPPENS: Leonardo needed to
943
00:35:19,826 --> 00:35:21,745
know answers to some of the big
944
00:35:21,745 --> 00:35:23,371
questions, which the ancient
945
00:35:23,371 --> 00:35:25,874
alien question has as well‐‐ the
946
00:35:25,874 --> 00:35:28,126
question of flight.
947
00:35:28,126 --> 00:35:30,086
>> TSOUKALOS: There is no
948
00:35:30,086 --> 00:35:33,089
question in my mind that a
949
00:35:33,089 --> 00:35:36,092
person like Leonardo da Vinci
950
00:35:36,092 --> 00:35:39,095
most certainly asked himself the
951
00:35:39,095 --> 00:35:40,639
question: are we alone in the
952
00:35:40,639 --> 00:35:42,682
universe?
953
00:35:42,682 --> 00:35:44,809
And his conclusion even at that
954
00:35:44,809 --> 00:35:48,647
time was: no.
955
00:35:48,647 --> 00:35:50,857
>> NARRATOR: What was the source
956
00:35:50,857 --> 00:35:52,150
of Leonardo da Vinci's
957
00:35:52,150 --> 00:35:53,693
incredible and prophetic
958
00:35:53,693 --> 00:35:56,112
inventions?
959
00:35:56,112 --> 00:35:57,405
Were they the product of his
960
00:35:57,405 --> 00:36:00,909
immense genius, or is it
961
00:36:00,909 --> 00:36:02,827
possible, as ancient astronaut
962
00:36:02,827 --> 00:36:05,205
theorists believe, that Leonardo
963
00:36:05,205 --> 00:36:06,956
had been influenced by an
964
00:36:06,956 --> 00:36:10,919
otherworldly intelligence‐‐ an
965
00:36:10,919 --> 00:36:13,421
intelligence he encountered in
966
00:36:13,421 --> 00:36:16,132
the past or one that he
967
00:36:16,132 --> 00:36:20,136
possessed from within?
968
00:36:27,644 --> 00:36:29,646
>> NARRATOR: The North
969
00:36:29,646 --> 00:36:33,608
Apennines, Italy.
970
00:36:33,608 --> 00:36:35,610
Here, in the mountains just
971
00:36:35,610 --> 00:36:37,612
outside Florence, a young
972
00:36:37,612 --> 00:36:39,614
Leonardo da Vinci spent much of
973
00:36:39,614 --> 00:36:41,616
his time examining the mysteries
974
00:36:41,616 --> 00:36:44,077
of nature.
975
00:36:46,913 --> 00:36:48,915
Because his parents were not
976
00:36:48,915 --> 00:36:51,126
married, he was excluded from
977
00:36:51,126 --> 00:36:52,961
the prestigious academies
978
00:36:52,961 --> 00:36:54,462
attended by many of his
979
00:36:54,462 --> 00:36:57,841
contemporaries.
980
00:36:57,841 --> 00:36:59,634
>> COPPENS: In Florence the
981
00:36:59,634 --> 00:37:02,303
Platonic Academy is reformed and
982
00:37:02,303 --> 00:37:03,805
this institute of learning comes
983
00:37:03,805 --> 00:37:04,806
about.
984
00:37:04,806 --> 00:37:06,057
Now, we know that Leonardo da
985
00:37:06,057 --> 00:37:09,269
Vinci is not allowed to enter
986
00:37:09,269 --> 00:37:10,603
this academy.
987
00:37:10,603 --> 00:37:13,148
>> WALLACE: This is a young man
988
00:37:13,148 --> 00:37:14,649
who is pretty much left on his
989
00:37:14,649 --> 00:37:16,359
own in some ways for up to 19
990
00:37:16,359 --> 00:37:17,986
years, traveling around the
991
00:37:17,986 --> 00:37:18,987
countryside.
992
00:37:18,987 --> 00:37:20,822
He was looking at rocks.
993
00:37:20,822 --> 00:37:21,823
He was studying birds.
994
00:37:21,823 --> 00:37:23,324
He was looking at the flow of
995
00:37:23,324 --> 00:37:24,325
water.
996
00:37:24,325 --> 00:37:27,871
He was studying mountains.
997
00:37:27,871 --> 00:37:28,955
He was literally immersed in
998
00:37:28,955 --> 00:37:29,956
nature.
999
00:37:29,956 --> 00:37:33,501
No other artist in the
1000
00:37:33,501 --> 00:37:35,044
Renaissance really showed that
1001
00:37:35,044 --> 00:37:36,755
much interest in the natural
1002
00:37:36,755 --> 00:37:39,966
world and the surrounding world.
1003
00:37:43,762 --> 00:37:45,722
>> COPPENS: He strives for
1004
00:37:45,722 --> 00:37:46,723
knowledge.
1005
00:37:46,723 --> 00:37:48,683
He strives for information.
1006
00:37:48,683 --> 00:37:50,643
He is able to create a body of
1007
00:37:50,643 --> 00:37:52,979
knowledge which is on par with
1008
00:37:52,979 --> 00:37:54,689
the body of information which
1009
00:37:54,689 --> 00:37:56,524
the Platonic Academy, as a group
1010
00:37:56,524 --> 00:38:01,112
of beings, is able to put out.
1011
00:38:01,112 --> 00:38:03,698
>> NARRATOR: It was also in the
1012
00:38:03,698 --> 00:38:05,700
North Apennine Mountains that
1013
00:38:05,700 --> 00:38:06,868
Leonardo is believed to have
1014
00:38:06,868 --> 00:38:08,703
discovered the cave that he
1015
00:38:08,703 --> 00:38:12,749
wrote about in his journal.
1016
00:38:12,749 --> 00:38:14,876
>> ROBERTS: The story of the
1017
00:38:14,876 --> 00:38:16,795
cave‐‐ it's very likely that it
1018
00:38:16,795 --> 00:38:19,881
happened around 1480, since it
1019
00:38:19,881 --> 00:38:22,091
appears that that's the moment
1020
00:38:22,091 --> 00:38:24,719
at which this is written in the
1021
00:38:24,719 --> 00:38:26,930
codex.
1022
00:38:26,930 --> 00:38:28,807
The fact that Leonardo chooses
1023
00:38:28,807 --> 00:38:31,059
to record this encounter with
1024
00:38:31,059 --> 00:38:32,685
the cave, I think, indicates
1025
00:38:32,685 --> 00:38:35,939
that it had a significant impact
1026
00:38:35,939 --> 00:38:38,191
on the artist psychologically.
1027
00:38:38,191 --> 00:38:39,984
>> NARRATOR: But although the
1028
00:38:39,984 --> 00:38:42,111
exact location of the cave‐‐ and
1029
00:38:42,111 --> 00:38:43,780
the date Leonardo discovered
1030
00:38:43,780 --> 00:38:46,407
it‐‐ remains unknown, there are
1031
00:38:46,407 --> 00:38:48,284
many who believe that it may
1032
00:38:48,284 --> 00:38:50,286
provide the key to understanding
1033
00:38:50,286 --> 00:38:52,038
the source of the artist's
1034
00:38:52,038 --> 00:38:55,208
incredible genius and the answer
1035
00:38:55,208 --> 00:38:56,751
to the mystery of what happened
1036
00:38:56,751 --> 00:38:58,795
to him during his missing two
1037
00:38:58,795 --> 00:39:01,089
years.
1038
00:39:01,089 --> 00:39:03,258
>> WILLIAM HENRY: He goes inside
1039
00:39:03,258 --> 00:39:05,760
the cave and then he disappears,
1040
00:39:05,760 --> 00:39:07,011
and it suggests to me time
1041
00:39:07,011 --> 00:39:09,055
travel portals.
1042
00:39:09,055 --> 00:39:10,765
He's opening portals or star
1043
00:39:10,765 --> 00:39:12,976
gates and beaming to either the
1044
00:39:12,976 --> 00:39:14,727
past or the future and then
1045
00:39:14,727 --> 00:39:17,772
returning to the present time.
1046
00:39:17,772 --> 00:39:19,774
>> CHILDRESS: In history you
1047
00:39:19,774 --> 00:39:21,776
have certain people like
1048
00:39:21,776 --> 00:39:24,153
Leonardo da Vinci, whose genius
1049
00:39:24,153 --> 00:39:26,990
is just so incredible and the
1050
00:39:26,990 --> 00:39:29,868
visions that they have‐‐ in many
1051
00:39:29,868 --> 00:39:31,953
ways it's like they are able to
1052
00:39:31,953 --> 00:39:35,832
see the future and they're not
1053
00:39:35,832 --> 00:39:37,834
going to just influence the
1054
00:39:37,834 --> 00:39:40,962
world then, but what they're
1055
00:39:40,962 --> 00:39:42,297
going to do is going to
1056
00:39:42,297 --> 00:39:44,299
dramatically change the world
1057
00:39:44,299 --> 00:39:47,343
forever, and you have to wonder
1058
00:39:47,343 --> 00:39:49,304
where people get this kind of
1059
00:39:49,304 --> 00:39:51,347
inspiration, and in the case of
1060
00:39:51,347 --> 00:39:54,392
Leonardo he was able to see
1061
00:39:54,392 --> 00:39:56,185
things and invent them, in a
1062
00:39:56,185 --> 00:39:57,437
sense things that we weren't
1063
00:39:57,437 --> 00:39:58,771
going to have for hundreds of
1064
00:39:58,771 --> 00:40:00,857
years.
1065
00:40:00,857 --> 00:40:02,525
>> NARRATOR: Is it really
1066
00:40:02,525 --> 00:40:04,986
possible that Leonardo da Vinci
1067
00:40:04,986 --> 00:40:06,654
may have obtained his incredible
1068
00:40:06,654 --> 00:40:08,156
creative and scientific
1069
00:40:08,156 --> 00:40:10,825
knowledge as the direct result
1070
00:40:10,825 --> 00:40:12,243
of an extraterrestrial
1071
00:40:12,243 --> 00:40:14,829
encounter, or might Leonardo
1072
00:40:14,829 --> 00:40:16,247
have fallen through a time
1073
00:40:16,247 --> 00:40:18,374
portal‐‐ one which allowed him
1074
00:40:18,374 --> 00:40:21,419
to actually visit the future‐‐
1075
00:40:21,419 --> 00:40:23,588
a future where robots,
1076
00:40:23,588 --> 00:40:26,341
helicopters, military weapons,
1077
00:40:26,341 --> 00:40:28,426
and other amazing machines
1078
00:40:28,426 --> 00:40:31,679
actually existed... and which
1079
00:40:31,679 --> 00:40:33,848
the artist would later try to
1080
00:40:33,848 --> 00:40:36,309
duplicate?
1081
00:40:40,521 --> 00:40:42,941
Some ancient astronaut theorists
1082
00:40:42,941 --> 00:40:44,442
believe the answer can be traced
1083
00:40:44,442 --> 00:40:46,861
back to work he did on The
1084
00:40:46,861 --> 00:40:48,196
Annunciation and the
1085
00:40:48,196 --> 00:40:50,448
significance of his so‐called
1086
00:40:50,448 --> 00:40:53,242
"disappearing angel."
1087
00:40:53,242 --> 00:40:54,869
>> ROBERTS: Leonardo and
1088
00:40:54,869 --> 00:40:56,245
Verrocchio's Annunciation
1089
00:40:56,245 --> 00:40:57,914
portrays the moment at which the
1090
00:40:57,914 --> 00:41:01,084
Angel Gabriel has arrived and is
1091
00:41:01,084 --> 00:41:02,543
telling the Virgin Mary that she
1092
00:41:02,543 --> 00:41:05,463
is pregnant with the Son of God.
1093
00:41:05,463 --> 00:41:07,131
>> TSOUKALOS: What some scholars
1094
00:41:07,131 --> 00:41:09,050
have speculated is that by
1095
00:41:09,050 --> 00:41:10,885
painting the angel in The
1096
00:41:10,885 --> 00:41:11,970
Annunciation so that it
1097
00:41:11,970 --> 00:41:14,305
disappears under X ray, he is
1098
00:41:14,305 --> 00:41:17,266
telling us that, like Gabriel,
1099
00:41:17,266 --> 00:41:19,894
he is the messenger, and then
1100
00:41:19,894 --> 00:41:21,854
with his next painting we're
1101
00:41:21,854 --> 00:41:24,607
told that this great gift to
1102
00:41:24,607 --> 00:41:27,235
mankind has arrived, and
1103
00:41:27,235 --> 00:41:28,903
Leonardo da Vinci's
1104
00:41:28,903 --> 00:41:30,738
contributions to mankind are
1105
00:41:30,738 --> 00:41:35,284
truly a gift to the world.
1106
00:41:35,284 --> 00:41:37,412
>> CHILDRESS: You have to wonder
1107
00:41:37,412 --> 00:41:40,123
if Leonardo wasn't doing this
1108
00:41:40,123 --> 00:41:41,958
because he was being encouraged
1109
00:41:41,958 --> 00:41:44,919
in secret by some kind of
1110
00:41:44,919 --> 00:41:47,922
extraterrestrial masters who
1111
00:41:47,922 --> 00:41:50,675
were somehow behind him.
1112
00:41:50,675 --> 00:41:52,510
>> NARRATOR: Might Leonardo da
1113
00:41:52,510 --> 00:41:54,679
Vinci, the man many have called
1114
00:41:54,679 --> 00:41:56,014
the greatest genius who ever
1115
00:41:56,014 --> 00:41:58,516
lived, have been chosen by
1116
00:41:58,516 --> 00:42:01,185
extraterrestrials to accelerate
1117
00:42:01,185 --> 00:42:03,396
the advancement of the human
1118
00:42:03,396 --> 00:42:06,274
race, or was he merely trying to
1119
00:42:06,274 --> 00:42:07,942
communicate the incredible
1120
00:42:07,942 --> 00:42:08,985
future inventions he had
1121
00:42:08,985 --> 00:42:13,364
witnessed firsthand?
1122
00:42:13,364 --> 00:42:15,199
>> HARRIS: Without doubt the
1123
00:42:15,199 --> 00:42:18,202
most influential personality of
1124
00:42:18,202 --> 00:42:21,664
the first millennium was Jesus.
1125
00:42:21,664 --> 00:42:22,999
Now, you go to the second
1126
00:42:22,999 --> 00:42:25,043
millennium and I believe
1127
00:42:25,043 --> 00:42:28,337
Leonardo is the most important,
1128
00:42:28,337 --> 00:42:31,215
dominant personality, made the
1129
00:42:31,215 --> 00:42:33,468
most contributions in the most
1130
00:42:33,468 --> 00:42:34,969
areas during those thousand
1131
00:42:34,969 --> 00:42:37,013
years.
1132
00:42:37,013 --> 00:42:38,973
>> COPPENS: Wherever we look in
1133
00:42:38,973 --> 00:42:41,184
ancient times we find that the
1134
00:42:41,184 --> 00:42:43,478
genius was always identified
1135
00:42:43,478 --> 00:42:45,313
with superhero, divine
1136
00:42:45,313 --> 00:42:46,355
qualities.
1137
00:42:46,355 --> 00:42:48,649
Even today we put geniuses on a
1138
00:42:48,649 --> 00:42:50,318
separate pedestal and almost
1139
00:42:50,318 --> 00:42:52,320
worship them.
1140
00:42:52,320 --> 00:42:53,654
And this is really something
1141
00:42:53,654 --> 00:42:55,740
throughout mankind's history.
1142
00:42:55,740 --> 00:42:56,991
So the question is: where does
1143
00:42:56,991 --> 00:42:58,076
this come from?
1144
00:42:58,076 --> 00:42:59,702
And whenever you look into
1145
00:42:59,702 --> 00:43:01,996
mythology, you'll also find that
1146
00:43:01,996 --> 00:43:04,207
the geniuses were the ones who
1147
00:43:04,207 --> 00:43:05,792
were created by the gods.
1148
00:43:05,792 --> 00:43:08,586
Genius and divine go hand in
1149
00:43:08,586 --> 00:43:12,507
hand.
1150
00:43:12,507 --> 00:43:15,051
>> NARRATOR: Leonardo da Vinci‐‐
1151
00:43:15,051 --> 00:43:16,719
the man who created some of the
1152
00:43:16,719 --> 00:43:18,387
most famous artwork in the
1153
00:43:18,387 --> 00:43:22,266
world, designed machines 500
1154
00:43:22,266 --> 00:43:25,019
years ahead of their time, and
1155
00:43:25,019 --> 00:43:27,188
laid the groundwork for today's
1156
00:43:27,188 --> 00:43:31,359
advanced robotics.
1157
00:43:31,359 --> 00:43:34,112
Was he a time traveler‐‐ a man
1158
00:43:34,112 --> 00:43:36,614
who, by accident, was provided a
1159
00:43:36,614 --> 00:43:39,075
glimpse into the future‐‐ or was
1160
00:43:39,075 --> 00:43:41,369
he chosen to serve an unknown
1161
00:43:41,369 --> 00:43:44,539
agenda‐‐ a human messenger who
1162
00:43:44,539 --> 00:43:47,250
conspired to keep a secret pact
1163
00:43:47,250 --> 00:43:50,878
with extraterrestrial beings?
1164
00:43:50,878 --> 00:43:53,256
Perhaps the answer lies not in
1165
00:43:53,256 --> 00:43:57,385
space but right before our eyes,
1166
00:43:57,385 --> 00:43:58,594
hidden in plain sight within the
1167
00:43:58,594 --> 00:43:59,595
smile of a 500‐year‐old
1168
00:43:59,595 --> 00:44:01,597
portrait.
1169
00:44:01,597 --> 00:44:02,598
Captioning sponsored by
1170
00:44:02,598 --> 00:44:04,600
A&E TELEVISION NETWORKS
1171
00:44:04,600 --> 00:44:05,601
Captioned by
1172
00:44:05,601 --> 00:44:06,727
Media Access Group at WGBH
1173
00:44:06,727 --> 00:44:08,688
access.wgbh.org
77884
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