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Movie theatres...
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I've always loved them.
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But I wasn't recognized as a
movie actor until the age of 50.
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00:00:18,970 --> 00:00:21,212
My breakout role
was as 'Fast Black',
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the pimp in the movie,
Street Smart.
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00:00:23,975 --> 00:00:25,230
And I'll never forget
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how I won the role.
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I had seen a pimp
chastising a woman
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on the streets of New York
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00:00:31,923 --> 00:00:33,399
one night, so at the audition...
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I tried to channel the
darkness I saw in him.
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00:00:38,156 --> 00:00:39,584
As the scene crescendoed,
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00:00:40,231 --> 00:00:41,699
I leapt across the table and
14
00:00:41,759 --> 00:00:45,148
pretended to hold a knife to the
face of the casting director.
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00:00:46,116 --> 00:00:47,898
Well, for a split second I,
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00:00:48,452 --> 00:00:50,712
I know she thought
that I embodied evil.
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00:00:52,103 --> 00:00:53,713
I felt the power too.
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00:00:55,206 --> 00:00:56,691
Religions around
the globe have given
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00:00:56,752 --> 00:00:59,385
many names to our
darker impulses...
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00:01:00,244 --> 00:01:03,057
Iblis, Ravana, Satan.
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00:01:03,847 --> 00:01:04,637
I want to know
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00:01:05,251 --> 00:01:06,519
why people believe in him;
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00:01:07,786 --> 00:01:09,222
what purpose he serves.
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00:01:10,414 --> 00:01:11,678
Who is the Devil?
25
00:01:17,829 --> 00:01:19,071
I'm going on a quest.
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To learn about the
Devil in all his forms.
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00:01:24,302 --> 00:01:25,676
I'll visit the desert
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00:01:26,210 --> 00:01:29,333
where it is said
Satan tempted Jesus.
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00:01:29,679 --> 00:01:31,822
That is what it's all about.
30
00:01:32,349 --> 00:01:35,077
Having a constant
battle, with the Devil,
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00:01:35,344 --> 00:01:36,252
like Jesus...
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00:01:37,995 --> 00:01:41,907
I'll see how Buddhist monks
purge themselves of evil.
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00:01:42,313 --> 00:01:44,590
What you're saying is, 'You
just have to control yourself.'
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00:01:44,651 --> 00:01:46,867
The worse enemies
are within yourself.
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00:01:48,585 --> 00:01:51,831
I'll meet a man who fought
battles with demons.
36
00:01:53,972 --> 00:01:56,014
I said, 'I cast
you out foul spirit'
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and my body went berserk.
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00:01:59,516 --> 00:02:01,385
And I'll see how
other traditions
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celebrate evil's defeat.
40
00:02:03,667 --> 00:02:06,759
On the tenth day,
we congregate as a family
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00:02:06,905 --> 00:02:09,913
celebrating the God's
victory over, over the demons.
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00:02:23,446 --> 00:02:27,193
My journey begins where the
Christian story of Satan begins...
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00:02:28,553 --> 00:02:29,956
In the Judean desert,
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00:02:30,365 --> 00:02:33,062
outside the ancient
city of Jericho.
45
00:02:38,482 --> 00:02:40,841
I've come to a 5th
century monastery
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that stands as a monument
to an epic spiritual battle.
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00:02:56,333 --> 00:02:58,444
I'm meeting Yisca Hirani,
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00:02:58,904 --> 00:03:02,318
an expert in Christian
history in the holy land.
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00:03:03,388 --> 00:03:04,278
Well now.
50
00:03:05,368 --> 00:03:07,605
This is the church
of Saint Gerasimos.
51
00:03:08,083 --> 00:03:09,318
Saint Gerasimos.
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00:03:09,379 --> 00:03:11,814
Yes, and he's
lived here, died here,
53
00:03:12,243 --> 00:03:13,774
and he was a prime example
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00:03:13,835 --> 00:03:16,012
of a Monk, going to the desert,
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fighting the Devil.
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00:03:22,093 --> 00:03:24,304
St. Gerasimus came to
this to the harsh desert
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to prove to God he
was strong enough
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00:03:26,346 --> 00:03:28,745
to resist the
devil's temptations.
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00:03:30,008 --> 00:03:32,507
Gerasimus was inspired
by a tradition
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00:03:32,568 --> 00:03:34,721
that started
centuries before him.
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00:03:35,719 --> 00:03:37,510
This specific desert,
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posed the devilish battle
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00:03:40,746 --> 00:03:42,323
to people before his time.
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Before Saint Gerasimos,
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it was Moses in the desert,
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it was Elijah,
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00:03:47,569 --> 00:03:48,852
John the Baptist,
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Jesus.
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00:03:51,855 --> 00:03:56,112
You can see uh, a depiction
of Jesus being tempted.
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As is recorded in three
Gospels, in the New Testament.
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00:04:03,034 --> 00:04:04,265
According to the Bible,
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Jesus came to the
Judean desert to fast
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for 40 days and 40 nights.
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00:04:11,089 --> 00:04:13,284
As his hunger and
exhaustion peaked,
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00:04:13,932 --> 00:04:16,199
the Devil revealed himself.
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00:04:24,168 --> 00:04:25,576
The Devil says to Jesus,
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00:04:25,782 --> 00:04:29,292
'You have the ability, command
the stones to become bread'.
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00:04:30,454 --> 00:04:32,795
Now, it's easy for Jesus to do,
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00:04:33,670 --> 00:04:34,682
but he says,
'No...
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00:04:35,593 --> 00:04:39,335
I'm not the creator. Only
God is the creator.'
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00:04:41,272 --> 00:04:45,145
This has deeper meaning,
than just, eat or don't eat...
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00:04:45,463 --> 00:04:46,980
He's offered to be like God...
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And he says no.
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The monks living here today,
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00:04:52,398 --> 00:04:55,546
put themselves through the
same temptation Jesus faced.
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00:04:56,981 --> 00:04:58,626
As their own test of faith,
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00:04:59,139 --> 00:05:01,293
they venture out to
the nearby caves and
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00:05:01,354 --> 00:05:03,722
fast for five days a week.
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00:05:04,475 --> 00:05:05,386
Why fasting?
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00:05:05,664 --> 00:05:08,700
Fasting is getting yourself
to a point of crisis.
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00:05:09,660 --> 00:05:11,625
Just getting yourself
to a point of crisis?
92
00:05:11,686 --> 00:05:13,381
Yes, because
when people are in crisis,
93
00:05:13,590 --> 00:05:15,148
that's when they're
really dangerous.
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00:05:15,898 --> 00:05:17,913
If, their belly's
full, if they're happy,
95
00:05:17,974 --> 00:05:19,228
then they are not dangerous.
96
00:05:20,304 --> 00:05:22,713
But when you're weak and hungry.
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00:05:22,773 --> 00:05:23,981
You will do many bad things.
98
00:05:26,084 --> 00:05:29,458
There is this Monk that
came from far away.
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00:05:29,581 --> 00:05:30,974
And he writes a diary,
100
00:05:31,303 --> 00:05:33,685
and he writes how
difficult it is,
101
00:05:34,217 --> 00:05:36,206
he says,'I'm here
in my little cell,
102
00:05:36,300 --> 00:05:38,039
and when I look
through the window
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to see if the sun
has already passed,
104
00:05:40,611 --> 00:05:43,360
then I know,
that I am in despair,
105
00:05:43,547 --> 00:05:45,356
then I know that
I am not strong,
106
00:05:45,556 --> 00:05:48,259
'if I look out the window,
it means that I am weak.'
107
00:05:49,117 --> 00:05:51,791
So, he is very, very openly
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confesses the difficulty of
being just with yourself.
109
00:05:56,330 --> 00:05:57,410
So where is the Devil?
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Inside you.
111
00:06:02,576 --> 00:06:05,112
There is such
a thing as 'human'.
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00:06:05,812 --> 00:06:06,731
It's human to eat,
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00:06:07,914 --> 00:06:08,900
it's human to drink,
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00:06:10,586 --> 00:06:11,603
it's human to want...
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00:06:12,674 --> 00:06:15,008
You know what I'm doing I'm
playing Devil's advocate here.
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00:06:17,078 --> 00:06:19,771
Well that is
what it's all about.
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00:06:25,319 --> 00:06:27,206
Having a constant battle
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00:06:27,685 --> 00:06:28,609
with the Devil,
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like Jesus,
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but not for 40 days,
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00:06:33,729 --> 00:06:35,743
for the entire
course of my life.
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00:06:37,719 --> 00:06:39,774
Just as Jesus resisted
the temptation
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to use divine power to
turn rock in to bread,
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00:06:43,663 --> 00:06:45,100
the monks resist the temptation
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00:06:45,161 --> 00:06:47,803
to walk away from this
lonely desert outpost.
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00:06:49,283 --> 00:06:51,282
Some of them paid
the ultimate price.
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00:06:52,728 --> 00:06:54,122
These are the Martyrs.
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00:06:55,008 --> 00:06:55,823
Martyrs?
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00:06:55,883 --> 00:06:56,647
Martyrs,
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00:06:57,481 --> 00:06:59,970
because uh back in
the seventh century
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00:07:00,031 --> 00:07:02,164
there was an
invasion of Persians
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who were coming with a different
religion, a different agenda.
133
00:07:06,420 --> 00:07:08,025
This was an opportunity
for the Monks
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00:07:08,828 --> 00:07:10,804
to show that they're not tempted
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00:07:11,131 --> 00:07:12,146
to
change their religion.
136
00:07:12,207 --> 00:07:13,456
They are not tempted
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00:07:14,027 --> 00:07:15,405
to uh run away
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00:07:15,819 --> 00:07:17,994
but rather they prefer
to be like Jesus,
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00:07:18,499 --> 00:07:19,420
so they've decided
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00:07:19,963 --> 00:07:22,374
that death in that
case with faith
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00:07:22,505 --> 00:07:25,143
is better than
life with no faith.
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00:07:26,374 --> 00:07:27,568
In this world,
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they fought the devil,
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and so in the afterlife,
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00:07:31,708 --> 00:07:34,049
they will get the
reward for that.
146
00:07:36,037 --> 00:07:40,135
The desert is a place of
schizophrenic, existence.
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00:07:40,674 --> 00:07:43,077
It is either purity or impurity.
148
00:07:43,377 --> 00:07:46,113
It is either, God
divinity or the Devil.
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00:07:52,352 --> 00:07:56,138
Most Christians try their best
to steer clear of the devil,
150
00:07:58,152 --> 00:07:59,184
but, for the monks
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00:07:59,440 --> 00:08:02,311
who endure this remote
desert monastery,
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00:08:02,922 --> 00:08:04,771
he's an opponent
they willingly face.
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00:08:07,194 --> 00:08:08,659
Their only weapon of defence,
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their faith.
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00:08:15,963 --> 00:08:17,897
Some Christians spend
their entire lives
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locked in battle with the devil.
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But for Buddhists,
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there exists an alternative...
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00:08:37,598 --> 00:08:41,844
I'm in Kathmandu in Nepal
to witness an ancient ritual
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that aims to win the
devil over to our side.
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Here at the Ka-Nying
Shedrub Ling Monastery,
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I'm meeting Chokyi
Nyima Rinpoche.
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A Buddhist Master, and an
old acquaintance of mine,
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00:08:59,861 --> 00:09:02,796
whom I first met at the
sacred Bodhi Tree in India.
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From today you are my friend.
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00:09:16,921 --> 00:09:17,927
Hello...
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Rinpoche...
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my friend.
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00:09:20,528 --> 00:09:21,239
How are you?
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00:09:22,081 --> 00:09:22,874
How are you?
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00:09:23,277 --> 00:09:23,925
I am,
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I am very well.
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00:09:26,604 --> 00:09:28,135
Nice to see you again.
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00:09:28,196 --> 00:09:28,904
I miss you.
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00:09:29,350 --> 00:09:31,263
You miss me?
I miss you.
176
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You don't look any different.
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00:09:32,786 --> 00:09:33,603
-No?
-No.
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You must come. Come.
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00:09:36,345 --> 00:09:36,830
Right.
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00:09:36,891 --> 00:09:37,925
Welcome to Gumba.
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Thank you.
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00:09:40,134 --> 00:09:41,685
I have arrived in
time to witness
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00:09:41,746 --> 00:09:44,342
the Rinpoche lead a
special prayer ceremony...
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A 'puja', as it's called.
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Its purpose?
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00:09:51,472 --> 00:09:53,318
To cleanse the
temple, and the monks,
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of evil spirits.
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00:10:04,125 --> 00:10:06,083
The monks believe
their chanting,
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00:10:07,527 --> 00:10:08,558
the horns,
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00:10:10,692 --> 00:10:12,042
the drums,
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00:10:13,661 --> 00:10:14,873
and the smoke
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00:10:17,311 --> 00:10:19,245
will purge malevolent forces.
193
00:10:23,704 --> 00:10:26,611
But the monks also
make offerings of tea,
194
00:10:26,673 --> 00:10:28,938
and even beer to
the evil entities.
195
00:10:31,946 --> 00:10:34,485
Which seems like
it might not purge
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00:10:34,546 --> 00:10:35,822
the monastery of evil,
197
00:10:36,289 --> 00:10:38,582
but instead invite it in!
198
00:11:00,601 --> 00:11:02,617
In a monastery in Kathmandu,
199
00:11:02,716 --> 00:11:06,239
my old friend Chokyi Nyima
is leading his monks
200
00:11:06,300 --> 00:11:08,879
in a ceremony to
control evil spirits.
201
00:11:11,192 --> 00:11:13,322
The puja lasts
more than an hour.
202
00:11:15,936 --> 00:11:17,987
It leaves me with
questions about
203
00:11:18,225 --> 00:11:22,260
how Buddhists understand
and deal with evil spirits.
204
00:11:26,880 --> 00:11:31,611
So I ask Chokyi Rinpoche to
sit down with me and explain.
205
00:11:34,214 --> 00:11:37,083
His long-time student,
Catherine Dalton,
206
00:11:37,482 --> 00:11:39,364
has offered to translate for us.
207
00:11:41,072 --> 00:11:41,983
The Puja.
208
00:11:42,256 --> 00:11:43,191
What is the purpose of it?
209
00:11:46,440 --> 00:11:48,431
We humans have a physical form,
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00:11:48,941 --> 00:11:52,086
but there are also beings
that lack a physical form.
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00:11:52,907 --> 00:11:54,373
There are evil spirits
212
00:11:55,015 --> 00:11:57,052
and if we want to
pacify those kind of
213
00:11:57,113 --> 00:11:58,824
evil influences and spirits,
214
00:11:59,031 --> 00:12:00,533
the best way to do that is...
215
00:12:00,594 --> 00:12:03,387
We use a meditation
practice in the Puja;
216
00:12:03,448 --> 00:12:06,779
we actually invite them, those
kind of spirits, uh, to come...
217
00:12:07,814 --> 00:12:09,464
You don't isolate bad guys.
218
00:12:09,525 --> 00:12:10,385
No, of course not.
219
00:12:10,446 --> 00:12:11,587
You, you say,
'Hey, come here.'
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00:12:11,648 --> 00:12:12,691
Yes, to help. Yes.
221
00:12:12,908 --> 00:12:14,240
'Cause I know in the Christian,
222
00:12:14,514 --> 00:12:16,738
uh, belief, it's
just like, 'Satan,
223
00:12:17,039 --> 00:12:18,672
you get away.
Go get behind me.'
224
00:12:18,733 --> 00:12:20,578
A different, different belief.
225
00:12:20,708 --> 00:12:23,851
And you're saying, 'No, no, no, come here.
We can talk.'
226
00:12:24,239 --> 00:12:24,966
Yeah.
227
00:12:25,277 --> 00:12:28,288
The concept of
evil spirits are...
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00:12:28,828 --> 00:12:29,946
things you have to battle.
229
00:12:33,680 --> 00:12:36,741
We can talk about evil
forces or negative beings,
230
00:12:36,981 --> 00:12:39,528
but what that means,
actually is just that
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00:12:39,589 --> 00:12:41,449
anyone who has come
under the influence
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00:12:41,510 --> 00:12:44,662
of ignorance behaves
in negative ways.
233
00:12:44,723 --> 00:12:47,541
We could say that primarily,
234
00:12:47,801 --> 00:12:50,827
they, uh, enemy or
negativity is something
235
00:12:50,888 --> 00:12:52,254
that we find within ourselves.
236
00:12:54,928 --> 00:12:58,005
As they are chanting and
meditating in the puja,
237
00:12:58,146 --> 00:13:03,062
the monks visualize inviting the
evil spirits into their monastery.
238
00:13:04,045 --> 00:13:07,549
Since these spirits are negative
aspects of their own minds,
239
00:13:08,325 --> 00:13:12,761
their job now is to work to
convince them to become good.
240
00:13:15,170 --> 00:13:17,548
They do this by
making offerings.
241
00:13:20,788 --> 00:13:23,201
I noticed that there
was a young man,
242
00:13:25,031 --> 00:13:27,759
who would stand
presenting the chalice.
243
00:13:28,300 --> 00:13:29,264
Yes.
244
00:13:34,135 --> 00:13:35,812
And he'd go and throw it out.
245
00:13:42,375 --> 00:13:43,385
It was beer.
246
00:13:43,978 --> 00:13:47,890
And then, comes back,
and he has hot tea.
247
00:13:49,413 --> 00:13:50,126
Can we talk about that?
248
00:13:50,187 --> 00:13:51,052
Yes, yes, yes.
249
00:13:51,320 --> 00:13:55,497
Some of them suffer a lot
because they're hungry, thirsty;
250
00:13:56,064 --> 00:13:59,233
we will bless to
the beer and black teas,
251
00:13:59,927 --> 00:14:02,075
and let them enjoy that.
252
00:14:03,157 --> 00:14:04,298
But, you don't drink beer?
253
00:14:04,386 --> 00:14:04,919
No, no.
254
00:14:04,980 --> 00:14:06,563
-Monks don't drink beer.
-No, we give it to others.
255
00:14:11,378 --> 00:14:14,026
Using different
substances, using Mantras.
256
00:14:14,253 --> 00:14:16,196
Doing meditation practice.
257
00:14:16,256 --> 00:14:18,195
When all of those
things come together,
258
00:14:18,256 --> 00:14:21,885
it becomes possible
to tame those kind of
259
00:14:22,151 --> 00:14:25,227
otherwise wild and
incorrigible spirits
260
00:14:25,572 --> 00:14:26,802
to tame their minds.
261
00:14:27,207 --> 00:14:28,266
Wait a minute, wait a minute.
262
00:14:28,649 --> 00:14:30,355
Wait, you're saying
that bad guys...
263
00:14:30,416 --> 00:14:31,083
Become, yes,
264
00:14:31,144 --> 00:14:31,612
became...
265
00:14:31,673 --> 00:14:32,742
good, yeah.
266
00:14:35,696 --> 00:14:38,648
Through meditation,
chanting and offerings,
267
00:14:39,079 --> 00:14:42,549
the monks work to
turn evil spirits good.
268
00:14:43,610 --> 00:14:47,219
The spirits that come around
are known as Dharma Protectors.
269
00:14:48,002 --> 00:14:49,894
And the monks visualize them
270
00:14:49,955 --> 00:14:53,386
driving away any remaining
negative influences.
271
00:14:55,917 --> 00:15:00,100
Buddhists mention the worst
enemies are within yourself,
272
00:15:00,974 --> 00:15:01,928
not outside.
273
00:15:02,768 --> 00:15:07,675
What you're saying is, you
just have to control yourself.
274
00:15:07,736 --> 00:15:08,410
Yes, yes.
275
00:15:09,088 --> 00:15:10,715
Get a grip on you,
276
00:15:10,776 --> 00:15:14,340
and you can change these
thoughts and feelings and
277
00:15:14,848 --> 00:15:17,785
temptations personal inside.
278
00:15:18,318 --> 00:15:18,838
Right?
279
00:15:20,908 --> 00:15:25,971
Yes, uh, definitely, the Buddha,
himself, even taught that, um,
280
00:15:26,802 --> 00:15:30,103
you are your own enemy, and
you're your own protector.
281
00:15:41,562 --> 00:15:42,693
Do you remember the day?
282
00:15:43,270 --> 00:15:45,211
Yeah, but still, you're giving?
283
00:15:45,271 --> 00:15:46,973
Yeah, I'm giving now to you.
284
00:15:47,208 --> 00:15:48,174
Oh, so sweet.
285
00:15:48,235 --> 00:15:50,410
No, it's, it's, it's, may I?
286
00:15:50,471 --> 00:15:51,428
So sweet.
287
00:15:52,013 --> 00:15:54,816
Oh, before I give you,
now you give to me.
288
00:15:55,322 --> 00:15:59,209
I had no idea that I would
have the opportunity...
289
00:15:59,701 --> 00:16:01,743
To be in your presence
again in life.
290
00:16:02,349 --> 00:16:03,135
-I love you.
-So...
291
00:16:03,918 --> 00:16:05,585
thank you, I love you.
292
00:16:05,646 --> 00:16:06,564
Thank you so much.
293
00:16:18,665 --> 00:16:19,567
For Christians,
294
00:16:20,653 --> 00:16:24,303
the devil is an evil spirit that
must be expelled from our minds,
295
00:16:24,571 --> 00:16:25,282
you know,
296
00:16:25,716 --> 00:16:27,534
'Get thee behind me, Satan.'
297
00:16:28,609 --> 00:16:30,061
But these Buddhist monks,
298
00:16:30,544 --> 00:16:33,721
they accept that we're
all susceptible to...
299
00:16:34,555 --> 00:16:36,388
evil thoughts and impulses.
300
00:16:37,465 --> 00:16:40,857
So, they don't chase
evil spirits away.
301
00:16:42,076 --> 00:16:45,337
They work to transform
them into protectors.
302
00:16:47,007 --> 00:16:49,796
So, you see the devil doesn't
need to get behind you,
303
00:16:50,536 --> 00:16:52,991
he just needs to be
coaxed into becoming
304
00:16:53,052 --> 00:16:55,938
someone you don't
mind having alongside you.
305
00:16:57,298 --> 00:16:58,266
Novel, isn't it?
306
00:17:02,957 --> 00:17:05,731
For more than two
millennia of Buddhist history,
307
00:17:05,893 --> 00:17:09,862
the battle with evil has been
seen as an internal struggle.
308
00:17:11,638 --> 00:17:14,653
As Christianity grew in
the centuries after Jesus,
309
00:17:15,093 --> 00:17:18,586
the Devil solidified as an
external foe...
310
00:17:19,540 --> 00:17:22,151
And took familiar
supernatural form.
311
00:17:23,550 --> 00:17:25,257
How did this
transformation happen?
312
00:17:27,815 --> 00:17:28,762
Andrew McGowan,
313
00:17:29,207 --> 00:17:31,455
a Christian scholar
of Anglican Priest,
314
00:17:31,516 --> 00:17:35,326
has come to the Broumov
Monastery in the Czech Republic
315
00:17:35,387 --> 00:17:37,899
to see first-hand,
one of the earliest
316
00:17:37,960 --> 00:17:40,508
and most famous
images of the devil.
317
00:17:46,800 --> 00:17:50,229
He's been invited by the
historian Erika Harlitz-Kern,
318
00:17:50,404 --> 00:17:54,175
who studies how the devil changed
as Christianity developed.
319
00:17:54,742 --> 00:17:55,393
Wow.
320
00:17:56,175 --> 00:17:57,290
Well, this is extraordinary.
321
00:17:57,698 --> 00:17:59,125
This is the Codex Gigas.
322
00:17:59,266 --> 00:18:01,599
Codex Giga is
Latin for Big Book.
323
00:18:01,943 --> 00:18:05,190
It's 36 inches tall,
20 inches wide,
324
00:18:05,424 --> 00:18:07,058
8.7 inches thick,
325
00:18:07,225 --> 00:18:10,144
and it weighs 165 pounds.
326
00:18:11,018 --> 00:18:13,190
The Codex Gigas
has a second name,
327
00:18:13,728 --> 00:18:14,852
The Devil's Bible.
328
00:18:16,911 --> 00:18:20,329
Legend has it that,
in the 13th century,
329
00:18:20,730 --> 00:18:23,403
a monk named 'Herman
the Recluse',
330
00:18:23,464 --> 00:18:26,800
was sentenced to death for
breaking his monastic vows.
331
00:18:27,975 --> 00:18:29,190
To avoid this fate,
332
00:18:29,825 --> 00:18:32,675
he offered to glorify
the monastery forever
333
00:18:32,736 --> 00:18:36,657
by creating a single book
containing all of mankind's knowledge
334
00:18:37,411 --> 00:18:39,639
and write it in one day.
335
00:18:46,686 --> 00:18:47,756
Near midnight,
336
00:18:47,887 --> 00:18:49,715
unable to complete his task,
337
00:18:50,471 --> 00:18:53,406
he called on the only person
he thought could help.
338
00:18:54,515 --> 00:18:55,241
The devil.
339
00:19:02,762 --> 00:19:05,523
The devil offered to help
Herman finish the book...
340
00:19:05,584 --> 00:19:08,225
but took his soul in return.
341
00:19:15,589 --> 00:19:16,644
To seal the deal,
342
00:19:17,450 --> 00:19:19,397
Herman included a portrait
343
00:19:20,144 --> 00:19:21,486
of his benefactor.
344
00:19:25,359 --> 00:19:26,292
Ah!
345
00:19:31,485 --> 00:19:33,846
This is such an
extraordinary image isn't it?
346
00:19:33,907 --> 00:19:36,780
It's, it's really quite fearsome
or repulsive even I think.
347
00:19:37,231 --> 00:19:39,907
Yes and he's looking
straight at you as if he's,
348
00:19:40,260 --> 00:19:42,128
if he's trying to
jump out of the page.
349
00:19:45,212 --> 00:19:46,473
We have the horns,
350
00:19:46,669 --> 00:19:48,276
we have the talons,
351
00:19:48,428 --> 00:19:49,807
the green face
352
00:19:50,181 --> 00:19:53,562
and he has, what appears
to be, two tongues.
353
00:19:53,854 --> 00:19:56,515
He is meant to be frightening.
354
00:19:58,446 --> 00:19:59,898
What makes this image unique,
355
00:20:00,528 --> 00:20:02,727
is the Devil is
wearing a loincloth
356
00:20:03,087 --> 00:20:07,311
and the red spots that we
see on it, are ermine tails
357
00:20:07,718 --> 00:20:11,227
and ermine tails, in the Middle
Ages, was a sign of royalty.
358
00:20:11,288 --> 00:20:13,399
Kings wore ermine tails.
359
00:20:13,780 --> 00:20:15,871
So, what this image
is telling us,
360
00:20:15,984 --> 00:20:18,678
is that this is the
Prince of darkness.
361
00:20:19,340 --> 00:20:22,189
He is the Lord of the underworld
362
00:20:22,507 --> 00:20:26,374
and is of royal lineage and
he has royal power.
363
00:20:27,033 --> 00:20:29,111
What does this book have to
364
00:20:29,461 --> 00:20:32,367
tell us about the way in
which the Devil is understood?
365
00:20:32,546 --> 00:20:34,396
During the Middle Ages,
the Catholic church
366
00:20:34,457 --> 00:20:37,120
comes into its own as a
political institution.
367
00:20:37,181 --> 00:20:38,888
As Christianity spreads,
368
00:20:39,211 --> 00:20:44,479
the church is changing the
interpretation of the Devil,
369
00:20:45,513 --> 00:20:47,219
to teach its flock
370
00:20:47,799 --> 00:20:52,843
about sin and they're playing
on the fear of the afterlife,
371
00:20:52,980 --> 00:20:58,052
of what can happen to you if
you do not live a virtuous life.
372
00:20:58,113 --> 00:21:02,669
It's almost as if it's like an
advertising billboard, a warning sign.
373
00:21:02,730 --> 00:21:05,554
This is where you could
end up if your behaviour,
374
00:21:05,615 --> 00:21:08,035
or your lack of faith puts
you in the wrong place.
375
00:21:08,096 --> 00:21:10,864
This is like church
propaganda in the Middle Ages.
376
00:21:16,710 --> 00:21:18,235
The horns, the talons...
377
00:21:18,719 --> 00:21:21,569
taking physical form makes
the devil more tenacious.
378
00:21:22,183 --> 00:21:23,917
A creature lurking
in the shadows,
379
00:21:24,218 --> 00:21:27,798
capable of grabbing us,
and refusing to let go.
380
00:21:30,874 --> 00:21:32,707
And for some tortured souls,
381
00:21:33,059 --> 00:21:35,531
there's only one way
to expel the devil:
382
00:21:36,884 --> 00:21:38,437
exorcism!
383
00:22:04,831 --> 00:22:08,119
We've all seen someone behaving
oddly on the street, right?
384
00:22:08,962 --> 00:22:11,606
Yelling, screaming what
seems like nonsense.
385
00:22:13,700 --> 00:22:16,202
Most of us never think
of demonic possession.
386
00:22:17,573 --> 00:22:20,903
We imagine it's a
mental health issue.
387
00:22:23,150 --> 00:22:24,414
But the Vatican,
388
00:22:24,938 --> 00:22:27,861
has a team of sanctioned
disciples who see
389
00:22:28,377 --> 00:22:31,106
demons at work in
every part of society.
390
00:22:33,161 --> 00:22:34,595
They are exorcists
391
00:22:35,642 --> 00:22:36,681
and every day,
392
00:22:37,361 --> 00:22:40,099
they go into combat
against the Devil.
393
00:22:44,185 --> 00:22:46,731
Father Don Aldo Buonaiuto
394
00:22:47,075 --> 00:22:49,724
is one the Vatican's
leading exorcists.
395
00:22:53,193 --> 00:22:54,400
I know all about exorcism.
396
00:22:56,697 --> 00:22:58,598
I mean, I saw the movie.
397
00:22:59,799 --> 00:23:03,641
So, I know that, uh, if the
Devil resides in the person,
398
00:23:03,892 --> 00:23:06,293
the room that that
person is in turns cold
399
00:23:06,497 --> 00:23:10,243
and that person can turn
his head around 360 degrees.
400
00:23:10,650 --> 00:23:11,747
How close am I?
401
00:23:13,807 --> 00:23:17,642
Some people think of exorcism
as something superstitious.
402
00:23:19,159 --> 00:23:22,246
But exorcism is most
of all a prayer.
403
00:23:22,307 --> 00:23:25,271
It's a prayer towards
the soul of the person
404
00:23:25,339 --> 00:23:28,520
that is asking for help
when its possessed.
405
00:23:29,335 --> 00:23:30,593
How does one...
406
00:23:31,786 --> 00:23:34,828
proceed with an exorcism?
407
00:23:38,210 --> 00:23:40,890
There is a doctor and a
psychiatrist and him...
408
00:23:43,167 --> 00:23:46,149
For the Catholic
Church, only the priest
409
00:23:46,210 --> 00:23:49,436
that has had a special
direction from the
410
00:23:49,497 --> 00:23:51,780
Bishop can do exorcism.
411
00:23:51,841 --> 00:23:53,348
Nobody else can.
412
00:23:53,409 --> 00:23:57,193
Is it necessary for a priest,
who is chosen by the Bishop,
413
00:23:57,254 --> 00:23:59,772
to evince a certain talent?
414
00:24:00,467 --> 00:24:03,124
They need to be particularly
trustworthy priests,
415
00:24:03,617 --> 00:24:06,026
that have an
intense spiritual life.
416
00:24:08,075 --> 00:24:09,044
You have to have courage.
417
00:24:11,002 --> 00:24:12,011
Coraggio.
418
00:24:12,192 --> 00:24:12,879
Si.
419
00:24:12,940 --> 00:24:15,838
You've done exorcisms yourself.
420
00:24:16,163 --> 00:24:16,845
How many?
421
00:24:18,599 --> 00:24:20,416
So, he gets lots and
lots of requests.
422
00:24:20,928 --> 00:24:23,522
But the real right
hardcore ones,
423
00:24:24,428 --> 00:24:26,343
about ten per week.
424
00:24:28,681 --> 00:24:30,079
When someone comes to you,
425
00:24:30,317 --> 00:24:33,612
what tells you that it's a possession
rather than a mental problem?
426
00:24:36,950 --> 00:24:39,210
The first thing that
an exorcist does,
427
00:24:39,271 --> 00:24:41,625
is to see if there
are visible signs.
428
00:24:42,402 --> 00:24:44,965
If the person has an
aversion for the sacred...
429
00:24:45,113 --> 00:24:47,184
or the knowledge of languages.
430
00:24:48,735 --> 00:24:50,484
He's been following
a 15 year old
431
00:24:50,545 --> 00:24:53,915
who speaks about ten
different archaic languages.
432
00:24:54,355 --> 00:24:58,398
He speaks in
Coptic, in Sanskrit, in...
433
00:24:59,685 --> 00:25:00,485
Coptic?
434
00:25:01,802 --> 00:25:04,858
Yes. Sanskrit. Coptic.
435
00:25:06,474 --> 00:25:09,998
And he got a specialist,
a monk whose been studying...
436
00:25:13,239 --> 00:25:15,178
And the monk could
not believe...
437
00:25:15,239 --> 00:25:16,004
He's terrified.
438
00:25:16,424 --> 00:25:17,099
This...
439
00:25:17,438 --> 00:25:20,550
Have you had repeat, go
back to the same person,
440
00:25:20,611 --> 00:25:21,647
over and over?
441
00:25:22,917 --> 00:25:26,137
The same person goes to
see the same exorcist
442
00:25:26,198 --> 00:25:29,202
for more than two or
three years sometimes.
443
00:25:30,436 --> 00:25:31,617
It's like a cure.
444
00:25:31,678 --> 00:25:33,420
Like, you cure the body.
445
00:25:33,481 --> 00:25:35,283
You cure the soul.
446
00:25:35,949 --> 00:25:36,633
Is it...
447
00:25:38,003 --> 00:25:39,003
possible...
448
00:25:39,677 --> 00:25:42,199
to witness one?
449
00:25:43,751 --> 00:25:45,722
According to the church,
450
00:25:45,783 --> 00:25:49,478
the prayer of exorcism cannot
be shown to the public.
451
00:25:52,045 --> 00:25:54,604
I can't see a priest
perform an exorcism.
452
00:25:55,332 --> 00:25:57,178
But I can speak to
a person who's been
453
00:25:57,239 --> 00:25:59,709
on the receiving end
of many exorcisms.
454
00:26:07,574 --> 00:26:09,511
Thank you very much
for talking to me.
455
00:26:09,637 --> 00:26:10,620
Really appreciate it.
456
00:26:10,751 --> 00:26:11,321
You're welcome.
457
00:26:11,501 --> 00:26:12,581
I wanna point out
458
00:26:13,375 --> 00:26:16,312
that, uh, you want
to remain anonymous.
459
00:26:16,851 --> 00:26:17,417
Why?
460
00:26:17,843 --> 00:26:19,052
I'm a physicist.
461
00:26:19,832 --> 00:26:22,319
I do a lot of consulting work
for high technology companies
462
00:26:23,182 --> 00:26:24,471
and...
463
00:26:24,874 --> 00:26:26,426
it might be the kind of thing
that makes them hesitate
464
00:26:26,487 --> 00:26:28,557
before deciding, that I'm the
guy they wanna do business with.
465
00:26:29,163 --> 00:26:30,205
How did you,
466
00:26:31,512 --> 00:26:32,235
a physicist,
467
00:26:33,075 --> 00:26:35,058
a scientist, a man of science,
468
00:26:35,317 --> 00:26:37,630
get into the idea...
469
00:26:38,860 --> 00:26:40,087
of exorcism?
470
00:26:40,594 --> 00:26:42,584
It wasn't a
straightforward experience.
471
00:26:42,736 --> 00:26:44,288
'I was completely
different inside.'
472
00:26:46,253 --> 00:26:48,862
I no longer had any ability
to feel any kind of happiness,
473
00:26:48,936 --> 00:26:50,237
any kind of pleasure,
474
00:26:50,610 --> 00:26:52,700
any kind of love or
affection for humans.
475
00:26:53,380 --> 00:26:55,169
I felt like I was
a dead man walking.
476
00:26:56,517 --> 00:26:58,426
I saw a variety of doctors,
477
00:26:58,699 --> 00:26:59,662
endocrinologists,
478
00:27:00,262 --> 00:27:01,331
variety of psychiatrists,
479
00:27:01,615 --> 00:27:02,839
variety of psychologists.
480
00:27:03,624 --> 00:27:05,316
You know, they had
no effect at all.
481
00:27:06,013 --> 00:27:09,808
Brain scans found no
tumours or other abnormalities.
482
00:27:10,284 --> 00:27:11,689
No medications helped him.
483
00:27:13,087 --> 00:27:16,191
So he turned, in despair,
484
00:27:16,252 --> 00:27:18,030
to less conventional remedies.
485
00:27:19,819 --> 00:27:22,004
I didn't rule out things
because they sounded crazy
486
00:27:22,361 --> 00:27:25,118
because I'd already gone through
all the things that sounded sane.
487
00:27:25,666 --> 00:27:28,410
But one of the things I
encountered along the way,
488
00:27:28,490 --> 00:27:30,881
was the concept of exorcism.
489
00:27:31,898 --> 00:27:33,222
I was raised Catholic.
490
00:27:33,833 --> 00:27:35,454
I thought, you know,
I can say the prayers.
491
00:27:37,911 --> 00:27:39,596
So, one evening as I
was out jogging...
492
00:27:41,515 --> 00:27:44,052
I went through the various
prayers and statements...
493
00:27:46,894 --> 00:27:49,963
I got to the point where I said,
I cast you out foul spirit.
494
00:27:53,061 --> 00:27:55,138
It was like slamming
into a brick wall.
495
00:27:56,156 --> 00:27:57,426
I stopped abruptly,
496
00:27:57,487 --> 00:28:01,068
I bent over, I had violent
dry heaves, convulsions.
497
00:28:03,169 --> 00:28:06,406
That was very graphic evidence
that something was real.
498
00:28:11,659 --> 00:28:13,091
What was your
immediate reaction?
499
00:28:14,508 --> 00:28:16,815
I need to find somebody
who actually does exorcism
500
00:28:16,876 --> 00:28:18,872
for real and
see if he can help me.
501
00:28:19,967 --> 00:28:22,344
And I was fortunate
to live not that far
502
00:28:22,571 --> 00:28:24,224
from a pretty
well-known exorcist.
503
00:28:26,333 --> 00:28:28,677
What does exorcism feel like?
504
00:28:32,426 --> 00:28:33,873
Imagine you're sitting there...
505
00:28:34,602 --> 00:28:35,549
An exorcist,
506
00:28:35,791 --> 00:28:38,545
he's going through the standard
prayers, standard statements.
507
00:28:39,839 --> 00:28:43,294
He gets to the point of
speaking to the demon.
508
00:28:45,012 --> 00:28:47,749
And he says, 'I
demand your name.'
509
00:28:50,423 --> 00:28:52,064
My body started to react;
510
00:28:55,130 --> 00:28:56,050
twitch,
511
00:28:56,748 --> 00:28:57,394
jerk,
512
00:28:58,337 --> 00:29:00,728
make strange and
very nasty faces,
513
00:29:01,621 --> 00:29:02,394
convulsions,
514
00:29:04,158 --> 00:29:05,772
thrashing and screaming.
515
00:29:08,268 --> 00:29:09,609
It was very violent.
516
00:29:29,984 --> 00:29:32,541
I remember I... I needed band-aids
afterwards for scratches.
517
00:29:34,514 --> 00:29:36,173
How do you know when...
518
00:29:37,686 --> 00:29:39,739
the exorcism's been successful?
519
00:29:40,787 --> 00:29:43,264
Because it stops reacting to
the prayers and statements.
520
00:29:47,607 --> 00:29:49,110
But of course, there were many,
521
00:29:49,171 --> 00:29:51,804
so the cycle starts up
again with the next demon.
522
00:29:52,047 --> 00:29:52,988
You went through this,
523
00:29:53,749 --> 00:29:54,564
how long?
524
00:29:54,842 --> 00:29:56,250
About five years, I think.
525
00:29:57,344 --> 00:29:58,364
How do you feel now?
526
00:29:59,559 --> 00:30:00,513
I feel human again.
527
00:30:02,616 --> 00:30:06,420
The problem I had was an
incredible lack of emotion.
528
00:30:06,845 --> 00:30:07,963
I couldn't feel love.
529
00:30:08,115 --> 00:30:10,575
I couldn't feel any kind
of positive feeling.
530
00:30:11,192 --> 00:30:13,235
Thankfully, exorcism
was effective in...
531
00:30:13,296 --> 00:30:15,499
in restoring that
aspect to my life.
532
00:30:18,492 --> 00:30:19,393
I was very grateful.
533
00:30:22,303 --> 00:30:23,021
Being...
534
00:30:25,390 --> 00:30:26,710
scientific minded,
535
00:30:29,649 --> 00:30:30,700
how do you square that,
536
00:30:30,831 --> 00:30:32,155
how do you square the fact that
537
00:30:33,278 --> 00:30:34,974
this does exist for you?
538
00:30:35,817 --> 00:30:38,745
You know, the definition of
science to me is you research,
539
00:30:39,093 --> 00:30:40,228
you theorize, you test.
540
00:30:41,141 --> 00:30:42,831
I didn't know if demons
were real or not,
541
00:30:43,049 --> 00:30:43,711
now I do.
542
00:30:45,518 --> 00:30:48,000
I have experienced up
close and personally,
543
00:30:48,068 --> 00:30:50,406
in ways that are unmistakable,
the reality of evil spirits
544
00:30:51,093 --> 00:30:53,591
and the reality of good
through the Lord, God.
545
00:30:57,464 --> 00:30:59,236
For this tortured man,
546
00:30:59,476 --> 00:31:01,862
the devil's demons
weren't metaphors
547
00:31:01,923 --> 00:31:04,480
for emotional imbalance
or mental distress.
548
00:31:05,473 --> 00:31:08,029
He experienced them as real,
549
00:31:08,090 --> 00:31:12,006
tangible foes that he
struggled for years to expel.
550
00:31:13,266 --> 00:31:14,816
Giving the devil solid form
551
00:31:14,877 --> 00:31:17,358
doesn't necessarily
make him more powerful.
552
00:31:18,492 --> 00:31:20,580
It can make him easier to fight,
553
00:31:20,991 --> 00:31:21,760
and defeat.
554
00:31:25,652 --> 00:31:28,474
But the faithful
don't always win.
555
00:31:29,130 --> 00:31:31,258
And the gods of their
demons can multiply,
556
00:31:31,792 --> 00:31:34,417
born in the gods
of another faith.
557
00:31:49,456 --> 00:31:51,495
I have always loved Rome.
558
00:31:52,384 --> 00:31:53,313
The street life,
559
00:31:53,710 --> 00:31:54,426
the food,
560
00:31:55,170 --> 00:31:55,946
the people.
561
00:31:57,977 --> 00:32:00,476
What's most fascinating
about a city this ancient,
562
00:32:00,743 --> 00:32:02,097
is the layers of history.
563
00:32:02,536 --> 00:32:05,221
How one culture takes
over what has gone before,
564
00:32:05,669 --> 00:32:07,338
and uses it for
its own purposes.
565
00:32:08,355 --> 00:32:09,406
This wall,
566
00:32:10,146 --> 00:32:13,841
was built to protect the
Romans in the 4th Century BC.
567
00:32:14,509 --> 00:32:16,590
Now it holds up
this apartment building.
568
00:32:17,757 --> 00:32:21,265
Re-purposing happens in
religion sometimes too.
569
00:32:22,356 --> 00:32:24,205
Sometimes one faith's god,
570
00:32:25,056 --> 00:32:26,586
can become another's devil.
571
00:32:37,691 --> 00:32:39,461
Journalist Nelufar Hedayat,
572
00:32:39,575 --> 00:32:42,455
has come to the ruins of
the ancient Roman city
573
00:32:42,523 --> 00:32:45,716
of Pergamum, in
modern-day Turkey.
574
00:32:46,053 --> 00:32:49,177
She's here to meet biblical
archaeologist Sarah Yeomans.
575
00:32:49,789 --> 00:32:52,132
And to find out why
the Book of Revelation
576
00:32:52,193 --> 00:32:55,588
said this was where
Satan had his throne.
577
00:32:57,165 --> 00:33:00,681
This is, even in
its ruinous state,
578
00:33:00,742 --> 00:33:02,752
it looks absolutely spectacular.
579
00:33:02,830 --> 00:33:03,433
It's beautiful.
580
00:33:03,494 --> 00:33:06,652
It is isn't it.
It's really a unique site.
581
00:33:07,694 --> 00:33:09,973
It was a major city
in the Greek world
582
00:33:10,034 --> 00:33:12,534
in the second and
first centuries BC,
583
00:33:12,595 --> 00:33:16,468
and then it became a very
important city in the Roman world
584
00:33:16,529 --> 00:33:19,680
once they took
control of this area.
585
00:33:19,741 --> 00:33:21,248
The Romans built a forum,
586
00:33:22,415 --> 00:33:23,480
an amphitheatre,
587
00:33:24,773 --> 00:33:26,940
and several massive temples.
588
00:33:29,001 --> 00:33:33,668
So, what we are looking at are the
remains of the Temple of Trajan,
589
00:33:34,173 --> 00:33:36,570
this would have been built
in the second century,
590
00:33:36,631 --> 00:33:38,525
to honour the Emperor Trajan,
591
00:33:38,859 --> 00:33:42,423
and this is representative
of this tradition
592
00:33:42,484 --> 00:33:45,378
of worshipping, uh,
deceased emperors,
593
00:33:45,439 --> 00:33:47,931
and their families
and by doing so,
594
00:33:47,992 --> 00:33:50,402
it's a way of honouring
the living emperor
595
00:33:50,463 --> 00:33:52,743
and honouring the
existing government.
596
00:33:53,134 --> 00:33:54,373
So the Romans...
597
00:33:54,860 --> 00:33:56,177
honoured their...
598
00:33:56,238 --> 00:33:59,542
their emperors, their politicians,
by turning them into deities.
599
00:34:00,020 --> 00:34:02,029
Yes, having an imperial cult,
600
00:34:02,090 --> 00:34:04,692
and requiring worship
of the imperial cult
601
00:34:04,818 --> 00:34:07,667
was a way of
promoting nationalism,
602
00:34:08,041 --> 00:34:11,306
was a way of promoting
what it meant to be Roman.
603
00:34:12,846 --> 00:34:15,561
This sprawling city and
political epicentre,
604
00:34:15,974 --> 00:34:18,330
may have been a symbol
of pride for Romans.
605
00:34:19,032 --> 00:34:21,674
But the picture painted
by the Book of Revelation
606
00:34:21,887 --> 00:34:24,401
implies that
Christians living here
607
00:34:24,526 --> 00:34:26,509
had a very different experience.
608
00:34:28,314 --> 00:34:31,727
The Romans had no problem with
Christians worshipping their God,
609
00:34:32,061 --> 00:34:34,955
if you think about, you know, a
society that has so many gods,
610
00:34:35,016 --> 00:34:36,690
there's always
room for one more.
611
00:34:36,904 --> 00:34:40,410
What brought the Christians into
conflict with the Roman authorities
612
00:34:40,626 --> 00:34:45,511
was the fact that they refused to
participate in Imperial Cult worship.
613
00:34:46,147 --> 00:34:48,482
This was considered treasonous.
614
00:34:48,543 --> 00:34:49,484
Intolerable.
615
00:34:49,583 --> 00:34:51,855
Intolerable for
the Roman authorities.
616
00:34:52,606 --> 00:34:56,482
The author of the Book of Revelation
emphasizes in his writings,
617
00:34:56,543 --> 00:34:58,618
that there existed
a great tension between
618
00:34:58,679 --> 00:35:00,171
the Christians and
the Roman authorities.
619
00:35:00,238 --> 00:35:00,892
-Right.
-So...
620
00:35:01,055 --> 00:35:04,467
it was a city where we
really see the conflict
621
00:35:04,621 --> 00:35:07,484
between Roman authorities
and the early Christians.
622
00:35:07,901 --> 00:35:09,964
How did that
play out in the city?
623
00:35:10,037 --> 00:35:13,041
The tensions here
became so hostile,
624
00:35:13,368 --> 00:35:16,021
that one of the members
of the Christian
625
00:35:16,082 --> 00:35:18,931
community was martyred,
was executed...
626
00:35:20,674 --> 00:35:23,136
Who was he and
why was he martyred?
627
00:35:23,304 --> 00:35:24,813
His name was Antipas,
628
00:35:25,100 --> 00:35:29,597
and he was executed we
believe for not being willing
629
00:35:29,874 --> 00:35:32,796
to participate in the
worship of the Imperial Cult.
630
00:35:33,573 --> 00:35:36,721
The location of Antipas's
death is not known for certain,
631
00:35:37,248 --> 00:35:40,477
but some theories place it
at Pergamum's temple of Zeus.
632
00:35:40,875 --> 00:35:44,841
A place that early Christians
came to call Satan's Throne.
633
00:35:45,725 --> 00:35:49,569
What we're seeing now is essentially
what's left of the foundation.
634
00:35:49,630 --> 00:35:53,772
The altar itself would have been
on top of what we're seeing.
635
00:35:55,863 --> 00:35:58,530
Everything would have
been faced with white marble.
636
00:35:59,072 --> 00:36:02,019
The altar, we believe,
was dedicated to Zeus,
637
00:36:02,659 --> 00:36:03,737
and Zeus,
638
00:36:04,258 --> 00:36:05,863
in Christian minds,
639
00:36:06,494 --> 00:36:10,689
was really in direct opposition...
in direct conflict to their own god.
640
00:36:10,845 --> 00:36:12,754
And if you read the
Book of Revelation,
641
00:36:12,841 --> 00:36:18,164
you have a very similar
type of epic contest
642
00:36:18,264 --> 00:36:20,992
taking place between
good and evil.
643
00:36:22,476 --> 00:36:25,822
Christian tradition says that
Antipas was burned to death
644
00:36:25,883 --> 00:36:28,295
inside a hollow
bull made of brass.
645
00:36:29,629 --> 00:36:31,908
As the flames heated
the metallic beast,
646
00:36:32,399 --> 00:36:33,913
Antipas cried out.
647
00:36:34,628 --> 00:36:38,070
His death screams escaped
from the bull's open snout,
648
00:36:38,650 --> 00:36:41,534
transformed,
cruelly, into snorts.
649
00:36:45,425 --> 00:36:49,438
If they watched Antipas die in
the shadow of the altar of Zeus,
650
00:36:50,010 --> 00:36:53,346
these early Christians could be
forgiven for seeing this place
651
00:36:53,980 --> 00:36:55,425
as the Devil's throne.
652
00:36:56,157 --> 00:36:58,349
The author of Book
of Revelation,
653
00:36:58,492 --> 00:37:00,299
is, very intentionally,
654
00:37:00,763 --> 00:37:02,974
setting up the Roman authorities
655
00:37:03,644 --> 00:37:06,394
as equivalent to Satan,
656
00:37:06,733 --> 00:37:10,044
and setting up this
place in particular
657
00:37:10,105 --> 00:37:11,492
as the seat of Satan,
658
00:37:12,169 --> 00:37:14,947
very cleverly creating
this opposition,
659
00:37:15,262 --> 00:37:18,198
this sort of them
versus us scenario.
660
00:37:18,406 --> 00:37:20,744
Ah, so this actually about,
661
00:37:20,805 --> 00:37:22,538
about getting the
Christians motivated,
662
00:37:22,599 --> 00:37:27,056
he's speaking specifically about
Christian brothers and sisters
663
00:37:27,117 --> 00:37:30,656
suffering at the hands of the
Imperial powers, the Romans.
664
00:37:30,782 --> 00:37:34,450
Precisely. It's a way to
unify the Christian community,
665
00:37:34,538 --> 00:37:37,128
and have them see
the Roman authorities
666
00:37:37,189 --> 00:37:40,150
and Imperial Government
as the evil one.
667
00:37:40,541 --> 00:37:43,257
As something to be
resisted at all costs.
668
00:37:50,704 --> 00:37:53,952
Associating the Romans and
their gods with the devil,
669
00:37:54,018 --> 00:37:56,410
may have helped unify
early Christians.
670
00:37:57,714 --> 00:37:59,138
But it's a dangerous tactic.
671
00:38:00,595 --> 00:38:03,377
Driving a wedge between
people of different faiths
672
00:38:03,985 --> 00:38:05,672
may just be what
the devil wants.
673
00:38:07,901 --> 00:38:10,682
But there is one place
where a celebration
674
00:38:10,743 --> 00:38:12,812
of the Devil brings
people together.
675
00:38:20,868 --> 00:38:23,610
I've come back to
Kathmandu, in Nepal
676
00:38:24,170 --> 00:38:27,025
where a party atmosphere
fills the streets.
677
00:38:27,175 --> 00:38:28,676
It's called Dashain.
678
00:38:29,243 --> 00:38:31,545
It's the biggest Hindu
festival of the year.
679
00:38:32,746 --> 00:38:35,583
I've been invited to join a
typical family celebration.
680
00:38:36,284 --> 00:38:39,210
Bearing traditional gifts
of fruits and sweets,
681
00:38:39,693 --> 00:38:42,821
I've come to the home of
Shankar Raj Pandey.
682
00:38:43,734 --> 00:38:44,744
-Namaste.
-Namaste.
683
00:38:44,805 --> 00:38:46,232
-Welcome Morgan.
-Thank you so much.
684
00:38:46,293 --> 00:38:46,980
Nice to have you here.
685
00:38:47,041 --> 00:38:48,802
It is my pleasure to
be here and this...
686
00:38:49,632 --> 00:38:51,451
Well thank you so much.
Thank you so much.
687
00:38:51,512 --> 00:38:52,277
Come on in.
688
00:38:52,599 --> 00:38:54,139
So this is my family here.
689
00:38:54,635 --> 00:38:55,491
Oh!
690
00:38:55,552 --> 00:38:57,270
-Namaste, namaste.
-Namaste, namaste.
691
00:38:57,438 --> 00:38:58,860
Good looking bunch of people.
692
00:39:01,715 --> 00:39:02,677
Namaste.
693
00:39:03,201 --> 00:39:04,002
Namaste.
694
00:39:04,302 --> 00:39:05,203
Namaste.
695
00:39:05,450 --> 00:39:06,367
Namaste.
696
00:39:06,582 --> 00:39:07,606
Namaste.
697
00:39:08,138 --> 00:39:09,039
Namaste.
698
00:39:10,551 --> 00:39:13,008
So, Dashain, it's
a family affair.
699
00:39:13,069 --> 00:39:14,247
Yes, very much so.
700
00:39:14,308 --> 00:39:15,969
Dashain has ten main days
701
00:39:16,237 --> 00:39:19,698
and on the 10th day we
congregate as a family,
702
00:39:20,176 --> 00:39:21,298
celebrating uh,
703
00:39:21,608 --> 00:39:24,034
the Gods' victory over,
over the demons.
704
00:39:25,666 --> 00:39:26,982
According to Hindu mythology,
705
00:39:27,745 --> 00:39:29,781
there was a king
named Mahishasura,
706
00:39:32,208 --> 00:39:34,655
who pleaded to Brahma,
the god of creation,
707
00:39:35,305 --> 00:39:37,163
to grant him immortality.
708
00:39:39,232 --> 00:39:40,585
Brahma granted his wish,
709
00:39:41,681 --> 00:39:43,764
but later came to regret it...
710
00:39:46,720 --> 00:39:48,224
So the story goes that
711
00:39:48,467 --> 00:39:50,518
Mahishasura become a demon.
712
00:39:50,704 --> 00:39:51,912
So he turned to a bad guy.
713
00:39:51,973 --> 00:39:54,059
That's right.
He turned into a real bad guy.
714
00:39:55,696 --> 00:39:57,756
Mahishasura raised a demon army
715
00:39:57,817 --> 00:39:59,693
and began attacking the gods.
716
00:40:01,621 --> 00:40:04,558
Like Lucifer,
Christianity's fallen angel,
717
00:40:04,985 --> 00:40:07,644
he became an embodiment of evil.
718
00:40:15,269 --> 00:40:16,586
For two weeks each fall,
719
00:40:16,647 --> 00:40:19,349
Hindu families in Nepal come
together in celebration.
720
00:40:20,954 --> 00:40:22,520
Here at Shankar Pandey's house,
721
00:40:22,581 --> 00:40:25,789
they are happily feasting and
performing rituals.
722
00:40:26,454 --> 00:40:28,752
But the divine story
behind Dashain;
723
00:40:29,255 --> 00:40:31,905
of a powerful demon
attacking the Hindu gods...
724
00:40:32,379 --> 00:40:34,802
doesn't sound to me like
a cause for celebration.
725
00:40:35,269 --> 00:40:37,411
Okay, now we're in
this big battle.
726
00:40:37,471 --> 00:40:40,758
Nine days of
battle, of fierce battle.
727
00:40:41,113 --> 00:40:44,150
The bad guy,
however, is winning?
728
00:40:44,612 --> 00:40:46,914
Well he started
troubling the Gods.
729
00:40:48,342 --> 00:40:51,037
Mahishasura had
been made invincible.
730
00:40:51,805 --> 00:40:54,961
But the creator God Brahma
had made one caveat...
731
00:40:57,802 --> 00:40:59,638
a woman could kill him.
732
00:41:00,593 --> 00:41:03,817
So the gods combined all
their divine energies,
733
00:41:03,905 --> 00:41:07,986
to summon a fierce, 10-armed
virgin goddess named Durga.
734
00:41:12,126 --> 00:41:15,891
Durga battled the demon
Mahishasura for nine days.
735
00:41:20,028 --> 00:41:22,430
Finally, on the 10th day,
736
00:41:23,547 --> 00:41:24,605
she defeated him.
737
00:41:32,126 --> 00:41:34,910
But the Dashain festival
is about more than simply
738
00:41:34,971 --> 00:41:37,349
remembering this victory of
good over evil.
739
00:41:38,132 --> 00:41:41,250
It's a battle Shanker
and many Nepalese Hindus
740
00:41:41,311 --> 00:41:44,238
imagine is taking place
inside themselves.
741
00:41:44,891 --> 00:41:46,460
When you take the whole epic,
742
00:41:46,836 --> 00:41:48,499
and, and put it
on to our self...
743
00:41:49,101 --> 00:41:51,090
When we feel all powerful,
744
00:41:51,344 --> 00:41:54,576
then there is a tendency
of the demon, within us,
745
00:41:54,754 --> 00:41:56,513
to take precedence over
our goodness...
746
00:41:56,850 --> 00:41:58,383
It's good over evil,
747
00:41:58,577 --> 00:42:01,114
but in essence we are
fighting with ourselves.
748
00:42:05,959 --> 00:42:08,108
Most homes receive a
visit from a priest
749
00:42:08,169 --> 00:42:09,726
for blessings with holy water.
750
00:42:10,437 --> 00:42:12,533
It's a reminder that
there is at least
751
00:42:12,594 --> 00:42:14,454
a kernel of evil inside everyone
752
00:42:15,237 --> 00:42:17,116
and that it needs
to be controlled.
753
00:42:17,511 --> 00:42:19,320
After the sprinkling
of the holy waters.
754
00:42:19,381 --> 00:42:21,655
Now the second part of
the function starts,
755
00:42:21,816 --> 00:42:24,812
which the priest will
put the tika onto my mom.
756
00:42:27,869 --> 00:42:32,329
Receiving the tika bestows good
fortune, health, long life.
757
00:42:32,865 --> 00:42:35,878
And it evokes supreme
power within you.
758
00:42:38,831 --> 00:42:41,674
My mom was first because she's
the eldest right, so we receive...
759
00:42:41,735 --> 00:42:42,507
You think so?
760
00:42:42,598 --> 00:42:43,887
I think so.
761
00:42:44,464 --> 00:42:46,045
-How old is your mom?
-Eighty-six.
762
00:42:46,292 --> 00:42:47,617
Yep, she is.
763
00:42:47,678 --> 00:42:49,028
Because I,
because I read about you.
764
00:42:49,089 --> 00:42:50,022
Ah!
765
00:42:59,894 --> 00:43:01,018
So this is tikka,
766
00:43:02,206 --> 00:43:06,771
vermilion powder, rice,
grains, and yogurt...
767
00:43:08,480 --> 00:43:10,320
and this is the jamara.
768
00:43:10,891 --> 00:43:13,639
So you just to do this put
it like this, yeah okay.
769
00:43:21,262 --> 00:43:24,456
And there is a belief
that during this Dashain,
770
00:43:24,557 --> 00:43:27,380
that you need to lift
your feet off the ground.
771
00:43:27,928 --> 00:43:30,682
Elevating your spirit above
your baser tendencies,
772
00:43:31,196 --> 00:43:35,516
is both metaphorical and literal
for the Nepalese during the Dashain.
773
00:43:36,210 --> 00:43:38,780
There is another aspect
which I think you should see.
774
00:43:38,841 --> 00:43:40,526
There is this concept
of uh, a swing;
775
00:43:40,727 --> 00:43:44,412
it's a bamboo swing that people
erect in different parts of the city
776
00:43:44,473 --> 00:43:47,377
and uh villages and
there is a belief that
777
00:43:47,438 --> 00:43:50,137
you need to lift your
feet off the ground.
778
00:43:51,184 --> 00:43:52,072
To be airborne.
779
00:43:52,132 --> 00:43:53,397
-Airborne.
-Exactly.
780
00:43:53,937 --> 00:43:55,560
So that frees your spirit
781
00:43:56,167 --> 00:43:58,834
and brings in all the
good stuff to our soul.
782
00:44:05,937 --> 00:44:09,021
So do you believe
that there is pure evil?
783
00:44:09,082 --> 00:44:10,154
Pure evil?
784
00:44:10,215 --> 00:44:12,087
You know, that's 100%
evil is not possible.
785
00:44:12,526 --> 00:44:13,427
I don't think so.
786
00:44:13,880 --> 00:44:16,323
Some person is very good
and someone is very bad.
787
00:44:16,446 --> 00:44:16,806
Right.
788
00:44:16,867 --> 00:44:19,690
But then every bad
person also has goodness.
789
00:44:20,471 --> 00:44:21,264
Somewhere.
790
00:44:21,325 --> 00:44:24,838
Somewhere and if we can, if
you can extrapolate that,
791
00:44:25,138 --> 00:44:26,433
and, and take it out and,
792
00:44:26,809 --> 00:44:29,255
and let him, I mean
let the light come out
793
00:44:29,316 --> 00:44:30,843
so that the darkness
goes away...
794
00:44:31,372 --> 00:44:33,928
Even if it is .001%
there is light,
795
00:44:34,544 --> 00:44:36,361
and that... that is enough light
796
00:44:36,777 --> 00:44:39,710
to work towards
eliminating darkness.
797
00:44:40,294 --> 00:44:41,190
Interesting.
798
00:44:41,583 --> 00:44:44,313
You don't believe that
there is pure evil,
799
00:44:44,547 --> 00:44:45,992
that the devil stands alone.
800
00:44:46,053 --> 00:44:48,921
No, if you believe
that God is omnipotent...
801
00:44:48,982 --> 00:44:50,740
that it is all his creation...
802
00:44:50,801 --> 00:44:53,840
so good and evil are just
a way of teaching us.
803
00:45:13,394 --> 00:45:14,739
Okay, Morgan, you wanna try?
804
00:45:14,819 --> 00:45:16,626
-Okay what?
-Be on the swing?
805
00:45:16,743 --> 00:45:18,322
On the swing. Lift yourself up,
806
00:45:18,528 --> 00:45:19,412
-lift your spirit.
-Me?
807
00:45:19,480 --> 00:45:21,518
Yeah, it's safe,
don't worry, it's safe.
808
00:45:22,935 --> 00:45:24,760
Okay. Alright.
809
00:45:25,731 --> 00:45:26,477
Okay.
810
00:45:28,151 --> 00:45:29,469
I'm not really afraid.
811
00:45:30,656 --> 00:45:31,195
Okay.
812
00:45:32,051 --> 00:45:32,742
Airborne.
813
00:45:35,838 --> 00:45:37,208
How high can I go?
814
00:45:41,707 --> 00:45:43,672
-Enjoying it?
-Yes.
815
00:45:45,985 --> 00:45:48,102
Yeah, now lift up
your spirit again.
816
00:45:48,176 --> 00:45:49,171
It should do that.
817
00:45:50,051 --> 00:45:52,286
I'm doing.
Is that spirit lift?
818
00:45:54,301 --> 00:45:57,319
Watch the dismount now,
watch the dismount.
819
00:46:06,629 --> 00:46:07,399
You know,
820
00:46:08,928 --> 00:46:11,098
seeing people's faces
821
00:46:12,700 --> 00:46:15,676
as they soar towards the heavens
822
00:46:16,123 --> 00:46:18,162
and celebrate the
good inside them,
823
00:46:19,280 --> 00:46:21,585
makes one think of
evil in a different way.
824
00:46:24,764 --> 00:46:27,375
The Devil allows us
to test our willpower.
825
00:46:28,362 --> 00:46:30,820
He is the embodiment
of what we must defeat,
826
00:46:31,730 --> 00:46:33,354
both out in the world
827
00:46:33,641 --> 00:46:35,188
and within our hearts.
828
00:46:36,131 --> 00:46:37,652
Striving to beat the Devil,
829
00:46:37,872 --> 00:46:39,782
has the power to uplift us,
830
00:46:40,316 --> 00:46:41,920
and bring us together.
831
00:46:44,438 --> 00:46:45,968
The Nepalese believe that
832
00:46:46,451 --> 00:46:49,215
there is evil even in
the most saintly person
833
00:46:50,111 --> 00:46:52,601
and good in the most devilish.
834
00:46:54,001 --> 00:46:56,368
We should all make the choice
835
00:46:57,331 --> 00:46:58,394
to rise up
836
00:46:58,906 --> 00:47:01,072
and slay the demons inside us.
61768
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