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Narrator: Previously
on "The American West"...
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As President Ulysses S.
Grant wraps up his final term,
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the country he leads
is as divided as ever.
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- (clattering, fizzling)
- Archie, get back!
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Narrator: In Missouri, notorious outlaw
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Jesse James takes revenge
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on the most famous detective
agency in the country,
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and, in doing so, establishes himself
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as a hero of the South.
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In the Black Hills,
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Grant's plan for peace with the Indians
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has fallen apart.
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With Indian hostilities
at an all-time high,
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Grant sends Lieutenant
Colonel George Armstrong Custer
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to lead a final battle for land
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that will change the course of history.
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(theme music playing)
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- Synced and corrected by VitoSilans -
-- www.Addic7ed.com --
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Narrator: After refusing to
report to an Indian reservation,
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Lakota Sioux leader Crazy Horse
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has been preparing his warriors to fight
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the United States Army for months
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and he's just gotten
word from his scouts
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that American forces are on their way.
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But the Lakota have brought together
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a massive force of their own...
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and they're determined to
crush the invading army.
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_
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_
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Robert Redford: I think
Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse
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saw all that territory
as belonging to them.
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They realized that they
were going to be invaded
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and what was precious to
them was gonna be taken away,
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so they fought against that.
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Narrator: Several miles away,
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Lieutenant Colonel George
Armstrong Custer
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has led his 7th Cavalry
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far ahead of a much
larger American force.
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Paul Hutton: He doesn't
wait for reinforcements.
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Custer wants this to be a victory
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for the 7th Cavalry and
the 7th Cavalry alone.
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Narrator: Custer believes
that defeating Sitting Bull
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will be the crowning achievement
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of his military career...
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and will clear a path straight
to the White House.
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Mark Lee Gardner: Custer
gets on top of those bluffs
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and then he sees this amazing village
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that seems like it stretches forever.
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There might be as many as
6,000 Indians in this village.
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He's got less than a thousand men.
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We'll split our forces.
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You keep the front busy, and
I will attack from the rear.
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No retreat.
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I need those warriors busy.
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- Understood?
- Yes, sir.
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Narrator: Custer decides to
employ a military strategy
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that worked for him at the Battle
of Washita eight years earlier.
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He splits his men into
two smaller forces.
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Custer's second in command Major
Marcus Reno and his men
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will attack the camp from the left,
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while Custer and his troops
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attack the flank on the right,
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dividing the Sioux warriors.
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Karl Jacoby: Custer's
quite consciously, I think,
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very aggressive in dividing his men
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so that he can come at this camp
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from multiple directions.
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He demonstrated himself to be either
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tremendously daring or
tremendously reckless
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or perhaps both.
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Hyah!
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Come on, now.
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_
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_
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(troops shouting)
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Hutton: There's just
such a beautiful romance,
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I think, to Crazy Horse, the
ultimate Sioux warrior,
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and Custer, the
ultimate American warrior
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of their time, meeting
on that final field.
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The Sioux are at the
height of their power,
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and here comes Custer just
right at that moment.
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It's almost like it's meant to be.
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Narrator: Following Custer's orders,
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Reno's command is the
first to engage the Indians.
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(horse whinnies)
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(whooping)
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Fall back!
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Gardner: Major Reno
completely loses his composure,
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panics, he retreats, and
it's a complete disaster.
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The men are scrambling for their lives.
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Narrator: As Custer
arrives to the battlefield,
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Major Reno and his men
are nowhere to be found.
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(warriors whooping)
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(whooping continues)
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Custer: Dismount!
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Form a skirmish line!
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Commander: Form a line!
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Commander: Hold the line!
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Watch your flank!
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Hutton: Custer's men are pushed back,
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they take up defensive positions
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along a ridgeline,
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surrounded by thousands
of Sioux and Cheyenne
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led by Crazy Horse.
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Commander: Hold the line!
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Hold your position. Keep firing.
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Agh-hh!
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Commander: Hold the line!
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Hold your positions!
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Take out your sabers.
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(whooping)
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Soldier: Sir, what do we do?
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Gardner: We have all this
imagery of the Indians closing in
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and his regiment being
a very compact group.
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It was actually a very messy, bloody,
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terrifying last few moments.
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(gasps)
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(clicks)
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(gunshot echoes)
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Gardner: A lot of men said, you know,
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the thing is, "Save the
last bullet for your life."
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Maybe Custer committed
suicide. I don't know.
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I just find it hard to believe
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that he would ever give up.
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I think he would fight as
long as he could fight.
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Narrator: On June 25, 1876,
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George Armstrong Custer
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and over 250 of his troops...
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are killed at the
Battle of Little Bighorn.
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Narrator: Celebrated Civil War
hero George Armstrong Custer
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and over 250 of his men
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lay dead on the
battlefield of Little Bighorn.
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_
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_
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Larry T. Pourier: The
Battle of Little Bighorn
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has mixed emotions.
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On one hand, it was the
greatest day for us
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because we showed our strength
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and our wisdom and our spirituality.
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But it was also our worst day
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because of everything that
happened after that.
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Narrator: News of the defeat
quickly reaches Washington.
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- There were no survivors?
- Sherman: Not that we know of.
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There's still a chance
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a stray soldier will show up.
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Custer?
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Dead.
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A bullet in his brain.
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Redford: The Battle of Bighorn
was this one single event
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that had a much broader picture to it.
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And that had to do with
the settling of the West
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and the loss of parts of the West
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to Native Americans.
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Narrator: President Ulysses S. Grant's
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show of force against the Sioux
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is a total failure...
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and the massacre soon makes headlines
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across the country.
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Gardner: This is the biggest story
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for the last half of the 19th century.
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George Armstrong Custer
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was America's most romantic, dashing,
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heroic cavalry figure.
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Ordinary citizens loved him.
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Narrator: Appalled by the slaughter,
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the country demands action.
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H.W. Brands: When Americans
at large heard the story,
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what they heard was that
these savage Indians
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had massacred these brave white cavalry.
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They thought, okay, well, this means
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that they have to be punished,
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they have to be driven
back to the reservation.
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Narrator: With only
months left in office,
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Grant's plan for peace with
the Indians has failed
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and the country is no closer to securing
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the gold-rich Black Hills.
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While the Indian Wars continue,
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Grant's battle with
Southern sympathizers
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is getting worse...
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as former
Confederates like Jesse James...
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Cover it up.
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Continue to resist
Northern interference
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after the war,
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including a policy known
as "Reconstruction."
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David Eisenbach: The major question
coming out of the end of the Civil War
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is what do you do with
four million freed slaves?
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What are their rights,
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what are their positions in society?
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Reconstruction comes up with an answer.
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They have equal rights.
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There are senators and
congressmen who are black
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and tremendous progress gets made.
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But, of course, there were elements
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that wanted to set the clock back
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that were not satisfied with
the end of the Civil War
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and certainly weren't
satisfied with these former slaves
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now having equal rights with them.
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Narrator: At the end of the Civil War,
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thousands of Union Army
troops remained in the South
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to enforce the government's
Reconstruction policies.
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For Jesse James, the Northern
occupation of the South
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represents everything he's
been fighting against.
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And now, with the nation facing
an upcoming election,
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he plans to make his
biggest demonstration
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of Southern resistance yet...
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by launching his first big attack
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deep in Northern territory.
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You can rob a bank in Missouri.
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Why do you have to go
hundreds of miles away
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to rob a bank? They got plenty of banks.
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Because he had heard
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00:17:32,006 --> 00:17:35,507
that the Reconstruction
governor of Mississippi,
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00:17:35,509 --> 00:17:38,876
Adelbert Ames, had
relatives up in Northfield,
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00:17:38,878 --> 00:17:42,182
and a lot of his money was in this bank.
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00:17:45,352 --> 00:17:47,285
And James decided, "We're
gonna go up there
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and we're gonna rob that
bank to take the money
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00:17:50,357 --> 00:17:53,123
of the Reconstruction
governor of Mississippi."
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Narrator: Working with his brother Frank
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and the rest of the James Gang,
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Jesse spends weeks planning
a heist so bold,
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it's sure to grab national attention.
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00:18:05,704 --> 00:18:09,639
All right, this time, we're gonna
do it a little different.
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00:18:09,641 --> 00:18:12,708
We're gonna split up into three groups.
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00:18:12,710 --> 00:18:16,145
Clell, cut all the telegraph wires.
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(snaps)
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00:18:17,982 --> 00:18:20,550
We don't want any information
gettin' in or out of town.
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00:18:20,552 --> 00:18:23,919
Cole, Bob, I want you to stand guard
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00:18:23,921 --> 00:18:26,221
out front of the bank.
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00:18:26,223 --> 00:18:28,756
Frank, Charlie,
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the three of us will head inside.
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00:18:31,761 --> 00:18:34,829
Now, when the robbery is over,
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we're all gonna meet down
here near this bridge.
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We'll be a hundred miles away
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before anyone knows what happened.
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(whinnies)
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Move! We intend to rob this here bank!
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Who's the cashier?
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00:19:41,220 --> 00:19:44,388
- Who's the cashier?
- The cashier's not here today, sir.
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00:19:44,390 --> 00:19:46,658
Have a seat, son.
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- Open the safe.
- I cannot open the safe, sir.
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You know what I don't like?
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I don't like being lied to.
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(panting)
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You open that safe now.
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I can't, I can't.
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Gardner: The key to the
success for the James Gang
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has always been speed, quickness.
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00:20:12,517 --> 00:20:14,684
There ain't nothin' in here!
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00:20:14,686 --> 00:20:16,185
Gardner: Joseph Lee Heywood,
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00:20:16,187 --> 00:20:18,721
the cashier that day, delayed them.
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00:20:18,723 --> 00:20:21,180
(yells) Open the goddamn safe!
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00:20:21,893 --> 00:20:23,424
(grunts)
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00:20:24,895 --> 00:20:28,029
Who's the cashier? Turn around!
257
00:20:28,031 --> 00:20:29,998
- You the cashier?
- Turn around!
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Eisenbach: Jesse James decides
he's gonna attack this bank...
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00:20:41,243 --> 00:20:44,712
or maybe he doesn't even know...
on the first day of hunting.
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So you had all these hunters
261
00:20:46,315 --> 00:20:49,149
who are in town buying supplies
262
00:20:49,151 --> 00:20:51,218
and they're getting very suspicious
263
00:20:51,220 --> 00:20:52,987
'cause there are a bunch of dudes
264
00:20:52,989 --> 00:20:55,055
standing outside the bank with guns.
265
00:20:55,057 --> 00:20:56,956
(horse whinnies)
266
00:20:58,426 --> 00:21:01,594
Clear the streets! Move
your asses inside!
267
00:21:01,596 --> 00:21:03,295
(gunshots popping)
268
00:21:03,297 --> 00:21:05,131
Gardner: Jesse's men are
firing off their guns,
269
00:21:05,133 --> 00:21:06,666
telling people to get back.
270
00:21:06,668 --> 00:21:07,967
This is kind of shock and awe
271
00:21:07,969 --> 00:21:09,301
in the middle of the street,
272
00:21:09,303 --> 00:21:11,103
but these people aren't being shocked
273
00:21:11,105 --> 00:21:13,272
and they're not being awed.
274
00:21:13,274 --> 00:21:16,274
Townspeople are starting to fight back.
275
00:21:19,312 --> 00:21:22,311
They're coming to protect their bank.
276
00:21:31,724 --> 00:21:33,558
Agh-hh!
277
00:21:33,560 --> 00:21:36,027
Jesse, time's up!
278
00:21:37,664 --> 00:21:39,897
Jesse, we gotta go. Come on, now.
279
00:21:39,899 --> 00:21:41,666
Back up!
280
00:21:41,668 --> 00:21:43,634
Get on your knees.
281
00:21:46,105 --> 00:21:49,472
Get on your knees and
stay on your knees.
282
00:21:49,474 --> 00:21:50,774
(glass crashes)
283
00:21:50,776 --> 00:21:52,876
Come on, Jesse, we gotta go!
284
00:21:56,314 --> 00:21:58,648
Gardner: It's pandemonium.
285
00:21:58,650 --> 00:22:00,584
The outlaws are firing revolvers,
286
00:22:00,586 --> 00:22:03,597
which are pretty
inaccurate on horseback.
287
00:22:04,456 --> 00:22:06,922
The townspeople have shoulder guns.
288
00:22:06,924 --> 00:22:08,591
They're very accurate.
289
00:22:08,593 --> 00:22:12,806
These guys are getting shot
to pieces on the street.
290
00:22:14,665 --> 00:22:17,866
It was a complete disaster
for the James Gang.
291
00:22:17,868 --> 00:22:19,835
And the only thing for them to do
292
00:22:19,837 --> 00:22:21,769
is to try to get out of town alive.
293
00:22:21,771 --> 00:22:24,171
Frank: We gotta go, Jesse!
294
00:22:24,173 --> 00:22:26,307
Send him on now!
295
00:22:26,309 --> 00:22:28,876
I can't.
296
00:22:32,849 --> 00:22:36,517
Frank: Come on, we gotta
go now! Let's go, boys!
297
00:22:36,519 --> 00:22:38,919
(grumbles)
298
00:22:47,229 --> 00:22:49,262
(gunfire whistles)
299
00:23:10,484 --> 00:23:12,451
(murmuring)
300
00:23:19,559 --> 00:23:22,527
Gardner: Joseph Lee Heywood,
the acting cashier that day,
301
00:23:22,529 --> 00:23:25,664
was a thorn in the side to
the plans of these robbers.
302
00:23:25,666 --> 00:23:27,231
He delayed them.
303
00:23:27,233 --> 00:23:30,534
They don't get the money they come for.
304
00:23:30,536 --> 00:23:33,971
In fact, the safe was
unlocked the whole time.
305
00:23:36,876 --> 00:23:38,942
Had they just tried that handle,
306
00:23:38,944 --> 00:23:43,112
it would've opened up and
revealed about $15,000.
307
00:23:44,950 --> 00:23:48,184
Narrator: The robbery
is a complete failure.
308
00:23:48,186 --> 00:23:52,321
The people of Northfield
stood up to Jesse James.
309
00:23:54,059 --> 00:23:56,625
Now they want justice.
310
00:23:59,263 --> 00:24:02,999
And Jesse James is running for his life.
311
00:24:16,555 --> 00:24:19,289
(men shouting)
312
00:24:25,129 --> 00:24:27,464
Narrator: After Jesse
James' latest heist
313
00:24:27,466 --> 00:24:28,898
at the Northfield Bank...
314
00:24:30,435 --> 00:24:32,435
local citizens are on a mission
315
00:24:32,437 --> 00:24:36,840
to track down the notorious
outlaw and his gang.
316
00:24:36,842 --> 00:24:39,608
Danny Glover: In the West
there were these citizens
317
00:24:39,610 --> 00:24:42,845
who, in their passion, their anger,
318
00:24:42,847 --> 00:24:45,948
their authority that
they thought they had,
319
00:24:45,950 --> 00:24:49,250
they go out to bring
these men to justice.
320
00:24:49,252 --> 00:24:51,152
They were law-abiding citizens
321
00:24:51,154 --> 00:24:53,221
who take the law into their own hands.
322
00:24:55,625 --> 00:24:57,191
Narrator: News of the pursuit
323
00:24:57,193 --> 00:24:58,960
quickly spreads across the country,
324
00:24:58,962 --> 00:25:01,195
turning a small-town chase
325
00:25:01,197 --> 00:25:03,030
into the largest manhunt
326
00:25:03,032 --> 00:25:05,366
in United States history.
327
00:25:05,368 --> 00:25:06,968
Gardner: There were
at least a thousand men
328
00:25:06,970 --> 00:25:08,435
going after these guys.
329
00:25:11,474 --> 00:25:14,140
It was instant national news,
330
00:25:14,142 --> 00:25:16,977
especially when the James Gang
331
00:25:16,979 --> 00:25:19,880
was associated with this robbery.
332
00:25:19,882 --> 00:25:22,348
There were dozens of newspaper reporters
333
00:25:22,350 --> 00:25:24,283
that went along with the posses,
334
00:25:24,285 --> 00:25:27,988
keeping track of the manhunt
and how it was progressing.
335
00:25:27,990 --> 00:25:31,123
Jesse and Frank were
Southern boys and murderers.
336
00:25:34,028 --> 00:25:35,794
They were hated in Minnesota,
337
00:25:35,796 --> 00:25:38,196
and everyone wanted to see them captured
338
00:25:38,198 --> 00:25:40,900
and brought to justice.
339
00:25:40,902 --> 00:25:43,168
Narrator: Over the course of two weeks,
340
00:25:43,170 --> 00:25:44,904
almost all of the James Gang
341
00:25:44,906 --> 00:25:47,138
is either captured or killed.
342
00:25:47,140 --> 00:25:51,042
The only fugitives they're
unable to track down
343
00:25:51,044 --> 00:25:53,711
are Jesse and his brother Frank.
344
00:25:53,713 --> 00:25:55,747
Gardner: These guys were masters
345
00:25:55,749 --> 00:25:57,715
at concealing themselves and getting away.
346
00:25:57,717 --> 00:26:00,718
They had to do it all
during the Civil War.
347
00:26:00,720 --> 00:26:02,486
They were always outnumbered.
348
00:26:02,488 --> 00:26:04,888
They always had people chasing them.
349
00:26:14,066 --> 00:26:16,499
Northfield was the biggest disaster
350
00:26:16,501 --> 00:26:19,736
the Jameses had
experienced since the Civil War.
351
00:26:22,273 --> 00:26:25,307
They lost men that they had fought with.
352
00:26:28,179 --> 00:26:31,781
They both suffered gunshot wounds.
353
00:26:31,783 --> 00:26:33,783
But I think, in a way,
354
00:26:33,785 --> 00:26:36,919
mentally in some way, they're
wounded as well.
355
00:26:41,224 --> 00:26:44,626
Narrator: Now the most
wanted man in America
356
00:26:44,628 --> 00:26:47,328
is forced to go into hiding,
357
00:26:47,330 --> 00:26:49,163
and it will be two years
358
00:26:49,165 --> 00:26:52,834
before the world gets another glimpse
359
00:26:52,836 --> 00:26:55,069
of Jesse James.
360
00:26:57,272 --> 00:26:59,840
While his robbery may
have been a failure,
361
00:26:59,842 --> 00:27:04,878
Jesse's Confederate cause
may finally have a victory.
362
00:27:06,916 --> 00:27:10,084
With the presidential
election just around the corner,
363
00:27:10,086 --> 00:27:15,454
a strong pro-South candidate named
Samuel Tilden has emerged
364
00:27:15,456 --> 00:27:18,591
with a plan to put an
end to Reconstruction.
365
00:27:20,662 --> 00:27:24,130
Foner: Samuel J. Tilden
had criticized Emancipation.
366
00:27:24,132 --> 00:27:27,166
Tilden was explicit about wanting
to end Reconstruction
367
00:27:27,168 --> 00:27:29,801
and attacking Reconstruction.
368
00:27:29,803 --> 00:27:34,205
But then Tilden was also overtly racist.
369
00:27:34,207 --> 00:27:36,875
Narrator: Opposing him
is a former Union general
370
00:27:36,877 --> 00:27:39,344
named Rutherford B. Hayes.
371
00:27:39,346 --> 00:27:42,814
Foner: Hayes was the governor of Ohio,
372
00:27:42,816 --> 00:27:44,883
and he was a mainstream Republican.
373
00:27:44,885 --> 00:27:46,517
Hayes would say, "We want to make sure
374
00:27:46,519 --> 00:27:48,786
that blacks' rights are guaranteed."
375
00:27:52,558 --> 00:27:55,359
Narrator: On November 7th, 1876,
376
00:27:55,361 --> 00:27:57,628
Southerners flocked to the polls
377
00:27:57,630 --> 00:28:00,197
in unprecedented numbers,
378
00:28:00,199 --> 00:28:04,000
knowing that if they can put
Tilden in the White House,
379
00:28:04,002 --> 00:28:06,369
they could put an
end to Northern policies
380
00:28:06,371 --> 00:28:09,539
that have been in place
since the end of the war.
381
00:28:19,884 --> 00:28:21,416
On election night,
382
00:28:21,418 --> 00:28:23,919
votes roll in from across the country.
383
00:28:28,926 --> 00:28:31,326
Governor Hayes, news from Washington.
384
00:28:36,333 --> 00:28:39,500
Narrator: But when the
returns are counted,
385
00:28:39,502 --> 00:28:42,070
the results are unclear.
386
00:28:46,342 --> 00:28:49,177
Foner: The morning after
the election of 1876,
387
00:28:49,179 --> 00:28:51,112
it's not quite clear who has won.
388
00:28:51,114 --> 00:28:54,247
The returns from three Southern states
389
00:28:54,249 --> 00:28:56,249
were disputed...
390
00:28:56,251 --> 00:28:59,953
South Carolina, Florida, and Louisiana.
391
00:28:59,955 --> 00:29:03,023
And both sides claimed to
have carried those states
392
00:29:03,025 --> 00:29:05,558
for their candidate.
393
00:29:05,560 --> 00:29:07,227
In 2000, we went through
394
00:29:07,229 --> 00:29:09,362
another disputed presidential election.
395
00:29:09,364 --> 00:29:10,963
And, of course, there it focused
396
00:29:10,965 --> 00:29:14,233
on disputed returns from Florida.
397
00:29:14,235 --> 00:29:17,469
So there was great
confusion, uncertainty,
398
00:29:17,471 --> 00:29:21,040
a lot of heated political rhetoric.
399
00:29:21,042 --> 00:29:23,075
Narrator: With no clear winner,
400
00:29:23,077 --> 00:29:26,078
Americans begin to panic
401
00:29:26,080 --> 00:29:28,803
and rumors began to spread.
402
00:29:30,250 --> 00:29:32,951
Foner: It was an unprecedented situation.
403
00:29:32,953 --> 00:29:35,820
Some Democrat said if
Tilden is not inaugurated,
404
00:29:35,822 --> 00:29:40,491
100,000 people will march on Washington.
405
00:29:40,493 --> 00:29:44,062
People talked about a new civil war.
406
00:30:01,613 --> 00:30:04,413
There's rumors of a hundred
thousand men marching on the capital.
407
00:30:13,024 --> 00:30:15,758
Have 4,000 men ready
to defend the capital.
408
00:30:17,195 --> 00:30:20,095
Post the USS Wyoming in the Potomac.
409
00:30:20,097 --> 00:30:23,131
Peace must be maintained at all costs.
410
00:30:23,133 --> 00:30:24,532
Yes, sir.
411
00:30:28,038 --> 00:30:30,872
Narrator: After dealing
with an economic depression
412
00:30:30,874 --> 00:30:34,442
and leading an unsuccessful
war against the Indians,
413
00:30:34,444 --> 00:30:39,180
Ulysses S. Grant is facing
his final political crisis,
414
00:30:39,182 --> 00:30:41,348
and now he needs to find a way
415
00:30:41,350 --> 00:30:44,418
to keep the country from falling apart.
416
00:30:51,764 --> 00:30:54,967
Narrator: Three months
after the election of 1876
417
00:30:54,969 --> 00:30:57,136
ends in controversy,
418
00:30:57,138 --> 00:30:59,571
tensions between North and South
419
00:30:59,573 --> 00:31:03,908
are the highest they've
been since the Civil War ended
420
00:31:03,910 --> 00:31:07,946
and the future of the
country hangs in the balance.
421
00:31:07,948 --> 00:31:10,248
Electoral votes that must be won...
422
00:31:10,250 --> 00:31:12,550
I don't care how many electoral
votes he has, all right?
423
00:31:12,552 --> 00:31:17,321
Narrator: To find a solution,
a secret meeting is convened
424
00:31:17,323 --> 00:31:21,658
between the teams of both
presidential candidates.
425
00:31:21,660 --> 00:31:23,793
Hayes men and Tilden men got together
426
00:31:23,795 --> 00:31:26,330
in a hotel in Washington
427
00:31:26,332 --> 00:31:27,931
and hammered out an agreement.
428
00:31:27,933 --> 00:31:30,467
There has to be some give and some take.
429
00:31:32,571 --> 00:31:35,804
We give you the presidency,
and you pull out the troops.
430
00:31:37,942 --> 00:31:41,143
It's that simple, gentlemen.
431
00:31:41,145 --> 00:31:44,013
We want the troops out of the South.
432
00:31:46,084 --> 00:31:48,017
Narrator: After over
eight million Americans
433
00:31:48,019 --> 00:31:49,952
cast their votes,
434
00:31:49,954 --> 00:31:51,987
the presidency is ultimately decided
435
00:31:51,989 --> 00:31:55,023
by 15 men in a backroom deal
436
00:31:55,025 --> 00:31:58,860
that will come to be known
as "the Corrupt Bargain."
437
00:32:02,632 --> 00:32:05,500
The deal was Hayes
would become president.
438
00:32:05,502 --> 00:32:07,568
But in exchange for this,
439
00:32:07,570 --> 00:32:11,138
he would withdraw remaining
Federal troops
440
00:32:11,140 --> 00:32:13,073
from the South.
441
00:32:13,075 --> 00:32:15,542
This would bring Reconstruction
442
00:32:15,544 --> 00:32:19,313
under a military
authority to a definitive end.
443
00:32:23,719 --> 00:32:26,419
Narrator: The end of Reconstruction
is a victory for Southerners
444
00:32:26,421 --> 00:32:30,390
who've rallied around
rebels like Jesse James.
445
00:32:30,392 --> 00:32:33,026
But for newly freed African Americans,
446
00:32:33,028 --> 00:32:35,261
it comes at a heavy cost.
447
00:32:37,999 --> 00:32:40,233
The Bargain of 1877 marks the end
448
00:32:40,235 --> 00:32:43,735
of a federal commitment to
protect the basic rights
449
00:32:43,737 --> 00:32:47,205
of black citizens in the South.
450
00:32:47,207 --> 00:32:48,740
It basically recognizes
451
00:32:48,742 --> 00:32:50,742
the white supremacist Democratic Party
452
00:32:50,744 --> 00:32:52,844
as being in control.
453
00:32:55,215 --> 00:32:56,848
Narrator: With one decision,
454
00:32:56,850 --> 00:32:58,883
the rights of freed slaves in the South
455
00:32:58,885 --> 00:33:01,218
to vote and hold office
456
00:33:01,220 --> 00:33:03,587
are no longer protected.
457
00:33:03,589 --> 00:33:06,023
It will be nearly another 100 years
458
00:33:06,025 --> 00:33:08,426
before they are granted equal rights
459
00:33:08,428 --> 00:33:10,661
under the Constitution.
460
00:33:16,068 --> 00:33:21,204
The deal marks a sad
end to Grant's presidency.
461
00:33:21,206 --> 00:33:24,441
Brands: When Grant got
the nomination in 1868,
462
00:33:24,443 --> 00:33:27,110
the phrase that won him the
hearts of most Americans
463
00:33:27,112 --> 00:33:28,945
was "Let us have peace."
464
00:33:28,947 --> 00:33:31,982
That was the platform that he ran on.
465
00:33:31,984 --> 00:33:35,250
But in 1876, he was losing the battle
466
00:33:35,252 --> 00:33:37,552
with respect to Indian policy.
467
00:33:37,554 --> 00:33:40,489
Now he lost the battle with
respect to equal rights
468
00:33:40,491 --> 00:33:42,458
for freedom in the South.
469
00:33:45,929 --> 00:33:47,829
Narrator: Despite his failings,
470
00:33:47,831 --> 00:33:49,664
Grant oversaw the completion
471
00:33:49,666 --> 00:33:52,333
of the transcontinental railroad
472
00:33:52,335 --> 00:33:55,403
and kept a divided country together.
473
00:33:59,909 --> 00:34:03,744
But when Hayes finally
takes office in 1877,
474
00:34:03,746 --> 00:34:06,847
he inherits a country
with numerous problems.
475
00:34:09,018 --> 00:34:10,850
Eisenbach: Rutherford B. Hayes comes in
476
00:34:10,852 --> 00:34:14,454
and it is, to say the
least, a controversial election.
477
00:34:14,456 --> 00:34:17,524
Half the country doesn't
think he's the rightful president
478
00:34:17,526 --> 00:34:20,527
and he's dealing with the economic crisis
479
00:34:20,529 --> 00:34:22,496
coming off the Panic of 1873,
480
00:34:22,498 --> 00:34:24,530
the greatest depression
in American history
481
00:34:24,532 --> 00:34:26,132
up to that point,
482
00:34:26,134 --> 00:34:29,502
and he still has to avenge
the death of Custer
483
00:34:29,504 --> 00:34:31,737
by getting Crazy Horse.
484
00:34:31,739 --> 00:34:34,473
Sherman: So I know you're
familiar with our present situation
485
00:34:34,475 --> 00:34:36,742
with the Sioux. It's pervasive.
486
00:34:39,180 --> 00:34:41,646
Gentlemen, we've got to fix this.
487
00:34:43,917 --> 00:34:46,317
Narrator: After the
army's embarrassing defeat
488
00:34:46,319 --> 00:34:47,752
at Little Bighorn,
489
00:34:47,754 --> 00:34:49,987
Hayes is under pressure to ramp up
490
00:34:49,989 --> 00:34:52,690
military efforts against the Indians,
491
00:34:52,692 --> 00:34:54,759
and General William Tecumseh Sherman
492
00:34:54,761 --> 00:34:58,595
sees the opportunity
he's been waiting for.
493
00:34:58,597 --> 00:35:01,165
We deploy 1,200 troops here
494
00:35:01,167 --> 00:35:03,667
and about 240 miles to the west here.
495
00:35:03,669 --> 00:35:05,169
Then we wipe Crazy Horse
496
00:35:05,171 --> 00:35:07,137
and Sitting Bull's war party out.
497
00:35:11,343 --> 00:35:14,278
All resources are put into
defeating the Indians.
498
00:35:16,214 --> 00:35:19,315
The debate over the peace policy is over.
499
00:35:21,186 --> 00:35:23,352
It's a war policy from now on.
500
00:35:23,354 --> 00:35:25,588
The natives are going to
be totally subjugated.
501
00:35:36,266 --> 00:35:38,633
Narrator: But Sherman has
a plan that he believes
502
00:35:38,635 --> 00:35:42,804
will not only defeat the
Indians on the battlefield,
503
00:35:42,806 --> 00:35:47,109
but could forever
alter their way of life.
504
00:36:03,041 --> 00:36:06,711
Narrator: To defeat the
Lakota Sioux once and for all,
505
00:36:06,713 --> 00:36:10,848
General William T.
Sherman looks to a brutal tactic
506
00:36:10,850 --> 00:36:13,351
he used during the Civil War...
507
00:36:13,353 --> 00:36:15,352
(cannonfire echoes)
508
00:36:15,354 --> 00:36:18,087
(soldiers' voices echo)
509
00:36:27,366 --> 00:36:29,899
Narrator: a policy called "Total Warfare."
510
00:36:38,943 --> 00:36:41,944
During his march across Georgia,
511
00:36:41,946 --> 00:36:45,080
Sherman's troops torched 300 miles
512
00:36:45,082 --> 00:36:48,516
of civilian homes, farms, and livestock.
513
00:36:52,288 --> 00:36:55,256
John McCain: General William
Tecumseh Sherman was ruthless.
514
00:36:57,761 --> 00:37:00,261
He realized that he had to
cut the heart out of the South.
515
00:37:02,766 --> 00:37:05,233
He had to stop their
base from functioning
516
00:37:05,235 --> 00:37:07,868
so the armies would be starved.
517
00:37:10,205 --> 00:37:12,740
It was terrible what he did.
518
00:37:12,742 --> 00:37:14,708
Very successful,
519
00:37:14,710 --> 00:37:17,978
but, honestly... ruthless.
520
00:37:24,486 --> 00:37:27,653
Narrator: Sherman knows he
can apply a similar tactic
521
00:37:27,655 --> 00:37:32,825
to defeat the Indians that
will guarantee victory,
522
00:37:32,827 --> 00:37:36,195
destroying something
essential to their survival...
523
00:37:38,065 --> 00:37:40,465
the buffalo.
524
00:37:49,843 --> 00:37:52,310
At their peak, tens
of millions of buffalo
525
00:37:52,312 --> 00:37:56,214
roamed the plains from
Canada to New Mexico.
526
00:38:01,654 --> 00:38:03,854
For tribes like the Lakota,
527
00:38:03,856 --> 00:38:06,857
the buffalo are
critical to their survival.
528
00:38:09,629 --> 00:38:11,295
Pourier: The buffalo was our life.
529
00:38:11,297 --> 00:38:14,330
We used every part of the
buffalo, nothing was wasted.
530
00:38:14,332 --> 00:38:18,468
We used the bones, the
hide and, of course, the meat.
531
00:38:18,470 --> 00:38:22,539
The internal organs we
used for strings and bags.
532
00:38:22,541 --> 00:38:24,541
We always lived around the buffalo.
533
00:38:24,543 --> 00:38:27,009
I mean, wherever they
went, that's where we went.
534
00:38:34,051 --> 00:38:35,684
Narrator: The U.S. military
535
00:38:35,686 --> 00:38:38,520
encourages Eastern
hunters to travel west,
536
00:38:38,522 --> 00:38:43,525
providing them with shelter,
protection, and ammunition.
537
00:38:43,527 --> 00:38:45,994
Enticed by the army's offer
538
00:38:45,996 --> 00:38:49,797
and the opportunity to
make up to $700 a day,
539
00:38:49,799 --> 00:38:53,968
the hunters massacre entire
herds of buffalo...
540
00:38:53,970 --> 00:38:56,704
all in a plot to starve the Indians.
541
00:39:02,345 --> 00:39:04,078
Jacoby: White hunters come
out and just kill buffalo,
542
00:39:04,080 --> 00:39:05,745
kill as many as they can.
543
00:39:05,747 --> 00:39:07,547
There's stories of the
single white hunter
544
00:39:07,549 --> 00:39:09,850
killing maybe 5,000
buffalo in a season...
545
00:39:09,852 --> 00:39:10,951
very large numbers.
546
00:39:13,489 --> 00:39:16,189
Narrator: As the hunt
expands, railroad companies
547
00:39:16,191 --> 00:39:19,425
begin to promote the
buffalo's extermination,
548
00:39:19,427 --> 00:39:22,895
offering "hunting by rail" expeditions,
549
00:39:22,897 --> 00:39:26,632
where men shoot the
animals from moving trains.
550
00:39:29,003 --> 00:39:30,603
Some men become celebrities
551
00:39:30,605 --> 00:39:33,338
by the sheer number
of buffalo they kill,
552
00:39:33,340 --> 00:39:36,609
including hunter William Cody,
553
00:39:36,611 --> 00:39:40,612
who takes down 4,000
buffalo in 18 months...
554
00:39:44,117 --> 00:39:47,118
earning the nickname "Buffalo Bill."
555
00:39:54,961 --> 00:39:58,629
By 1877, the buffalo's population,
556
00:39:58,631 --> 00:40:01,064
once estimated at 60 million,
557
00:40:01,066 --> 00:40:03,967
plummets to below 2,000.
558
00:40:05,771 --> 00:40:07,604
Pourier: I really believe
that was planned
559
00:40:07,606 --> 00:40:10,807
to help exterminate us.
560
00:40:10,809 --> 00:40:13,709
Because once they
took the buffalo from us,
561
00:40:13,711 --> 00:40:16,913
they took our way of life.
562
00:40:16,915 --> 00:40:19,649
Anne Collier: The American government
policy to eradicate the buffalo
563
00:40:19,651 --> 00:40:22,284
was no better than genocide.
564
00:40:22,286 --> 00:40:25,721
It was a matter of psychological warfare.
565
00:40:25,723 --> 00:40:28,357
If you eradicate the buffalo,
you eradicate the Indian.
566
00:40:42,286 --> 00:40:46,510
_
567
00:40:49,656 --> 00:40:58,282
_
568
00:40:58,898 --> 00:41:03,474
_
569
00:41:04,178 --> 00:41:14,547
_
570
00:41:15,395 --> 00:41:23,391
_
571
00:41:32,319 --> 00:41:35,120
Narrator: Lakota leaders
Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull
572
00:41:35,122 --> 00:41:37,955
face a difficult decision...
573
00:41:37,957 --> 00:41:41,025
stay in the Great Plains and fight
574
00:41:41,027 --> 00:41:47,031
or move their people away from
everything they've ever known.
575
00:41:47,033 --> 00:41:49,366
Pourier: These men were
hunters, they were fighters,
576
00:41:49,368 --> 00:41:51,535
they were providers.
577
00:41:51,537 --> 00:41:55,238
They had pride, they had strong spirits.
578
00:41:55,240 --> 00:41:57,473
Everything they did at that point
579
00:41:57,475 --> 00:41:59,242
was just to stay alive.
580
00:42:01,847 --> 00:42:04,213
Narrator: As the Indians
fight for survival,
581
00:42:04,215 --> 00:42:07,383
over 750 miles away,
582
00:42:07,385 --> 00:42:10,987
a new breed of
outlaw is about to emerge...
583
00:42:14,191 --> 00:42:18,794
including an unknown teenage cattle thief
584
00:42:18,796 --> 00:42:21,864
who will soon become the most wanted man
585
00:42:21,866 --> 00:42:24,291
in the West.
586
00:42:27,878 --> 00:42:32,747
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587
00:42:32,797 --> 00:42:37,347
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